Loans | Note 6. Loans The Company has several lending lines of business including: SBLs, comprised primarily of SBA loans; direct lease financing primarily for commercial vehicles and to a lesser extent equipment; SBLOC collateralized by marketable securities; IBLOC collateralized by the cash value of eligible life insurance policies; and investment advisor financing for purposes of debt refinance, acquisition of another firm or internal succession. In 2024, the Company began making consumer fintech loans which consist of short-term extensions of credit including secured credit card loans made in conjunction with marketers and servicers. Prior to 2020, the Company also originated non-SBA commercial real estate bridge loans, primarily collateralized by multifamily properties (apartment buildings), and to a lesser extent, by hotel and retail properties, for sale into securitizations. At origination, the Company elected fair value treatment for these loans as they were originally held-for-sale, to better reflect the economics of the transactions. In 2020, the Company decided to retain these loans on its balance sheet as interest-earning assets and currently intends to continue doing so. Therefore, these loans are no longer accounted for as held-for-sale, but the Company continues to present them at fair value. At September 30, 2024, such loans comprised $ 158.1 million of the $ 252.0 million of commercial loans, at fair value, with the balance comprised of the guaranteed portion of certain SBA loans also previously held for sale. The amortized cost of the $ 252.0 million commercial loans at fair value was $ 255.7 million. Included in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on commercial loans, at fair value in the consolidated statements of operations are changes in the estimated fair value of such loans. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were no related net unrealized losses or gains recognized for changes in fair value. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, related net unrealized losses recognized for changes in fair value were $ 1.7 million, $ 365,000 of which reflected losses attributable to credit weaknesses. In the third quarter of 2021, the Company resumed the origination of non-SBA commercial real estate bridge loans which it also intends to hold for investment and which are accounted for at amortized cost. They are captioned as REBLs as they are transitional commercial mortgage loans which are made to improve and rehabilitate existing properties which already have cash flow. The Bank has pledged the majority of its loans held for investment at amortized cost and commercial loans at fair value to either the FHLB or the Federal Reserve Bank for lines of credit with those institutions. The FHLB and FRB lines are periodically utilized to manage liquidity. The amount of loans pledged varies and the collateral may be unpledged at any time to the extent the collateral exceeds advances. The lines maintained are consistent with the Bank’s liquidity policy which maximizes potential liquidity. At September 30, 2024, $ 2.46 billion of loans were pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank and $ 2.21 billion of loans were pledged to the FHLB against lines of credit which provide a source of liquidity to the Bank. There was $ 135.0 million drawn against the FHLB line at September 30, 2024 . Prior to 2020, the Company sponsored the structuring of commercial mortgage loan securitizations, and in 2020, the Company decided not to pursue additional securitizations. The loans previously sold to the commercial mortgage-backed securitizations were transitional commercial mortgage loans made to improve and rehabilitate existing properties which already had cash flow. Servicing rights were not retained. Each of the securitizations is considered a variable interest entity of which the Company is not the primary beneficiary. Further, true sale accounting has been applicable to each of the securitizations, as supported by a review performed by an independent third-party consultant. In each of the securitizations, the Company obtained a tranche of certificates which are accounted for as available-for-sale debt securities. The securities were recorded at fair value at acquisition, which was determined by an independent third-party based on the discounted cash flow method using unobservable (level 3) inputs. Of the six securities purchased by the Bank from our securitizations, all have been repaid except one issued by CRE-2, which is included in the commercial mortgage-backed securities classification in investment securities. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance of the Bank’s CRE-2-issued security was $ 12.6 million . As a result of the reduced excess of appraised value over the Bank’s principal and accruing interest based on new appraisals, the $ 12.6 million principal was placed in nonaccrual status and $ 1.3 million was reversed from securities interest in the second quarter of 2024. While the appraised values allocable to the Bank’s security exceed the principal and unpaid interest, there can be no assurance as to the amounts received upon the servicer’s disposition of these properties, which will reflect additional servicing fees, actual disposition prices and other disposition costs. The Company analyzes credit risk prior to making loans on an individual loan basis. The Company considers relevant aspects of the borrowers’ financial position and cash flow, past borrower performance, management’s knowledge of market conditions, collateral and the ratio of loan amounts to estimated collateral value in making its credit determinations. For SBLOC, the Company relies on the market value of the underlying securities collateral as adjusted by margin requirements, generally 50 % for equities and 80 % for investment grade securities. For IBLOC, the Company relies on the cash value of insurance policy collateral. Of the total $ 280.1 million of consumer fintech loans at September 30, 2024, $ 111.0 million consisted of secured credit card loans, with the balance consisting of other short-term extensions of credit. Consumers do not pay interest on the majority of consumer fintech loan balances, including secured credit card loans. The majority of the income on those loans is reflected in non-interest income under “Consumer credit fintech fees” and originate with the marketers and servicers for those loans. The secured credit card balances were collateralized with deposits at the Bank, with related income statement impact reflected both in a lower cost of funds and fee income. The lower cost of funds results from balances required to be maintained to collateralize related card use. Related fee income is reflected in the “Consumer credit fintech fees” line of the income statement. Major classifications of loans, excluding commercial loans at fair value, are as follows (dollars in thousands): September 30, December 31, 2024 2023 SBL non-real estate $ 179,915 $ 137,752 SBL commercial mortgage 665,608 606,986 SBL construction 30,158 22,627 SBLs 875,681 767,365 Direct lease financing 711,836 685,657 SBLOC / IBLOC (1) 1,543,215 1,627,285 Advisor financing (2) 248,422 221,612 Real estate bridge loans 2,189,761 1,999,782 Consumer fintech (3) 280,092 — Other loans (4) 46,586 50,638 5,895,593 5,352,339 Unamortized loan fees and costs 11,023 8,800 Total loans, including unamortized loan fees and costs $ 5,906,616 $ 5,361,139 September 30, December 31, 2024 2023 SBLs, including costs net of deferred fees of $ 9,582 and $ 9,502 for September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively $ 885,263 $ 776,867 SBLs included in commercial loans, at fair value 93,888 119,287 Total SBLs (5) $ 979,151 $ 896,154 (1) SBLOC are collateralized by marketable securities, while IBLOC are collateralized by the cash surrender value of insurance policies. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, IBLOC loans amounted to $ 554.0 million and $ 646.9 million, respectively. (2) In 2020, the Bank began originating loans to investment advisors for purposes of debt refinancing, acquisition of another firm or internal succession. Maximum loan amounts are subject to loan-to-value ratios of 70 % of the business enterprise value based on a third-party valuation but may be increased depending upon the debt service coverage ratio. Personal guarantees and blanket business liens are obtained as appropriate. (3) Consumer fintech loans included $ 111.0 million of secured credit card loans, with the balance consisting of other short-term extensions of credit. (4) Includes demand deposit overdrafts reclassified as loan balances totaling $ 960,000 and $ 1.7 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Estimated overdraft charge-offs and recoveries are reflected in the ACL and are immaterial. (5) The SBLs held at fair value are comprised of the government guaranteed portion of 7(a) Program (as defined below) loans at the dates indicated. The l oan r eview department recommend s n on-accrual status for loans to the surveillance committee, in those situations where interest income appears to be uncollectible or a protracted delay in collection becomes evident. The surveillance committee further vets and approves the non-accrual status. The following table summarizes non-accrual loans with and without an ACL as of the periods indicated (dollars in thousands): September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Non-accrual loans with a related ACL Related ACL Non-accrual loans without a related ACL Total non-accrual loans Total non-accrual loans SBL non-real estate $ 2,236 $ 524 $ 811 $ 3,047 $ 1,842 SBL commercial mortgage 1,814 931 3,084 4,898 2,381 SBL construction 1,585 118 — 1,585 3,385 Direct leasing 3,211 1,867 708 3,919 3,785 Real estate bridge loans — — 12,300 12,300 — Other loans — — — — 132 $ 8,846 $ 3,440 $ 16,903 $ 25,749 $ 11,525 The Company had $ 61.7 million of other real estate owned (“OREO”) at September 30, 2024, and $ 16.9 million of OREO at December 31, 2023. The following table summarizes the Company’s non-accrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more, and OREO at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively: September 30, December 31, 2024 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Non-accrual loans SBL non-real estate $ 3,047 $ 1,842 SBL commercial mortgage 4,898 2,381 SBL construction 1,585 3,385 Direct leasing 3,919 3,785 Real estate bridge loans 12,300 — Other loans — 132 Total non-accrual loans 25,749 11,525 Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing (1) 4,737 1,744 Total non-performing loans 30,486 13,269 OREO (2) 61,739 16,949 Total non-performing assets $ 92,225 $ 30,218 (1) The majority of the increase in Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing resulted from vehicle leases to governmental entities and municipalities, the payments for which are sometimes subject to administrative delays. (2 ) In the first quarter of 2024, a $ 39.4 million apartment building rehabilitation bridge loan was transferred to nonaccrual status. On April 2, 2024, the same loan was transferred from nonaccrual status to OREO, and comprised the majority of our OREO at September 30, 2024, with a balance at that date of $ 40.3 million. We intend to continue to manage the capital improvements on the underlying apartment complex. As the units become available for lease, the property manager will be tasked with leasing these units at market rents. The $ 40.3 million balance compares to a September 2023 third party “as is” appraisal of $ 47.8 million, or an 84 % “as is” loan to value (“LTV”) , with additional potential collateral value as construction progresses, and units are re-leased at stabilized rental rates . The Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement for that apartment property acquired by the Bank through foreclosure. The purchaser has made earnest money deposits of $ 375,000 , with additional required deposits projected to total $ 500,000 prior to the December 31, 2024 closing deadline. The sales price is expected to cover the Company’s current OREO balance plus the forecasted cost of improvements to the property. There can be no assurance that the purchaser will consummate the sale of the property, but if not consummated, earnest money deposits are expected to accrue to the Company. The nonaccrual balances in this table as of September 30, 2024, are also reflected in the substandard loan totals. Interest which would have been earned on loans classified as non-accrual for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, was $ 886,000 and $ 621,000 , respectively. No income on non-accrual loans was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, $ 1.0 million of REBL, $ 69,000 of direct leasing, $ 130,000 of SBL commercial real estate, and $ 33,000 of SBL non-real estate were reversed from interest income, which represented interest accrued on loans placed into non-accrual status during the period . During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $ 89,000 of legacy commercial real estate, $ 89,000 of SBL commercial real estate, $ 10,000 of SBL non-real estate, $ 13,000 of IBLOC, and $ 71,000 of direct leasing were reversed from interest income, which represented interest accrued on loans placed into non-accrual status during the period. Material amounts of prior year non-accrual interest reversals are charged to the ACL, but such amounts were not material during either the nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023. In the third quarter of 2024 $ 815,000 of interest was reversed from interest income as a result of REBL loan modifications. L oans which are experiencing financial stress are reviewed by the loan review department, which is independent of the lending lines. The review includes an analysis for a potential specific reserve allocation in the ACL. For REBLs, updated appraisals are generally obtained in conjunction with modifications. During the three month and year-to-date periods ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, loans modified and related information are as follows (dollars in thousands): Three months ended September 30, 2024 Three months ended September 30, 2023 Payment delay as a result of a payment deferral Interest rate reduction and payment deferral Term extension Total Percent of total loan category Payment delay as a result of a payment deferral Total Percent of total loan category SBL non-real estate $ 819 $ — $ — $ 819 0.46 % $ — $ — — SBL commercial mortgage — — — — — — — — Direct lease financing — — — — — — — — Real estate bridge loans — 55,336 — 55,336 2.53 % — — — Total $ 819 $ 55,336 $ — $ 56,155 0.95 % $ — $ — — Nine months ended September 30, 2024 Nine months ended September 30, 2023 Payment delay as a result of a payment deferral Interest rate reduction and payment deferral Term extension Total Percent of total loan category Payment delay as a result of a payment deferral Total Percent of total loan category SBL non-real estate $ 2,484 $ — $ — $ 2,484 1.38 % $ 156 $ 156 0.12 % SBL commercial mortgage 3,271 — — 3,271 0.49 % — — — Direct lease financing — — 2,521 2,521 0.35 % — — — Real estate bridge loans (1) — 87,836 — 87,836 4.01 % — — — Total $ 5,755 $ 87,836 $ 2,521 $ 96,112 1.63 % $ 156 $ 156 — (1) For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the “as is” weighted average LTV of the real estate bridge lending balances was approximately 73 %, and the “as stabilized” LTV was approximately 66 % based upon appraisals performed within the past twelve months. “As stabilized” LTVs reflect the third-party appraiser’s estimated value after the rehabilitation is complete and units are released at stabilized rates. Apartment improvements and renovations continue, sometimes utilizing additional borrower capital. The balances for both periods were also classified as either special mention or substandard as of September 30, 2024. The following table shows an analysis of loans that were modified during the three month and year-to-date periods ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 presented by loan classification (dollars in thousands): Three months ended September 30, 2024 Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) 30-59 days 60-89 days 90+ days Total past due past due still accruing Non-accrual delinquent Current Total SBL non-real estate $ — $ — $ — $ 321 $ 321 $ 498 $ 819 SBL commercial mortgage — — — — — — — Direct lease financing — — — — — — — Real estate bridge loans — — — — — 55,336 55,336 $ — $ — $ — $ 321 $ 321 $ 55,834 $ 56,155 Three months ended September 30, 2023 Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) 30-59 days 60-89 days 90+ days Total past due past due still accruing Non-accrual delinquent Current Total SBL non-real estate $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — SBL commercial mortgage — — — — — — — Direct lease financing — — — — — — — Real estate bridge lending — — — — — — — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Nine months ended September 30, 2024 Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) 30-59 days 60-89 days 90+ days Total past due past due still accruing Non-accrual delinquent Current Total SBL non-real estate $ — $ — $ — $ 1,046 $ 1,046 $ 1,438 $ 2,484 SBL commercial mortgage — — — — — 3,271 3,271 Direct lease financing — 2,521 — — 2,521 — 2,521 Real estate bridge loans (1) — — — — — 87,836 87,836 $ — $ 2,521 $ — $ 1,046 $ 3,567 $ 92,545 $ 96,112 Nine months ended September 30, 2023 Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) 30-59 days 60-89 days 90+ days Total past due past due still accruing Non-accrual delinquent Current Total SBL non-real estate $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 156 $ 156 SBL commercial mortgage — — — — — — — Direct lease financing — — — — — — — Real estate bridge lending — — — — — — — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 156 $ 156 (1) For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the “as is” weighted average LTV of the real estate bridge lending balances was approximately 73 %, and the “as stabilized” LTV was approximately 66 % based upon appraisals performed within the past twelve months. “As stabilized” LTVs reflect the third-party appraiser’s estimated value after the rehabilitation is complete and units are released at stabilized rates. Apartment improvements and renovations continue, sometimes utilizing additional borrower capital. The balances for both periods were also classified as either special mention or substandard as of September 30, 2024. The following table describes the financial effect of the modifications made during the three month and year-to-date periods ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands): Three months ended September 30, 2024 Three months ended September 30, 2023 Combined Rate and Maturity Combined Rate and Maturity Weighted average interest reduction Weighted average term extension (in months) More-than-insignificant-payment delay (2) Weighted average interest reduction Weighted average term extension (in months) More-than-insignificant-payment delay (2) SBL non-real estate — — 0.46 % — — — SBL commercial mortgage — — — — — — Direct lease financing — — — — — — Real estate bridge loans 1.27 % — — — — — Nine months ended September 30, 2024 Nine months ended September 30, 2023 Combined Rate and Maturity Combined Rate and Maturity Weighted average interest reduction Weighted average term extension (in months) More-than-insignificant-payment delay (2) Weighted average interest reduction Weighted average term extension (in months) More-than-insignificant-payment delay (2) SBL non-real estate — — 1.38 % — — 0.12 % SBL commercial mortgage — — 0.49 % — — — Direct lease financing — 12.0 — — — — Real estate bridge loans (1) 1.42 % — 1.23 % — — — (1) For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the “as is” weighted average LTV of the real estate bridge lending balances was approximately 73 %, and the “as stabilized” LTV was approximately 66 % based upon appraisals performed within the past twelve months. “As stabilized” LTVs reflect the third-party appraiser’s estimated value after the rehabilitation is complete and units are released at stabilized rates. Apartment improvements and renovations continue, sometimes utilizing additional borrower capital. The balances for both periods were also classified as either special mention or substandard as of September 30, 2024. (2) Percentage represents the principal of loans deferred divided by the principal of the total loan portfolio. While borrowers for a $ 12.3 million apartment property loan which had a six month payment deferral granted in the fourth quarter of 2023 have not resumed payments, the related “as is” and “as stabilized” LTV based on a May 2024 appraisal were 72 % and 56 %, respectively. That balance comprises the balance of REBL nonaccrual loans as of September 30, 2024. The “as stabilized” LTV measures the apartment property’s value after renovations have been completed and units have generally been re-leased. There were no loans that received a term extension modification which had a payment default during the period and were modified in the twelve months before default. The Company had no commitments to extend additional credit to loans classified as modified for the periods ended September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023. Of the $ 84.4 million special mention and $ 155.4 million substandard REBL loans at September 30, 2024, $ 55.3 million were modified in the third quarter of 2024 and received reductions in interest rates and payment deferrals. Included in the $ 155.4 million was $ 26.9 million which had been modified in first quarter 2024 with a six month payment deferral. The third quarter additional modification was for an additional three month payment deferral and a partial nine month payment deferral. Not included in the $ 55.3 million of REBL loans were (i) $ 19.3 million which was recapitalized with a new borrower, who negotiated a partial interest deferral and rate reduction, and (ii) $ 37.3 million which is accounted for at fair value, and as such, not reflected in modification totals. While payment deferrals have generally been for three to twelve months, that loan was granted a 15 month payment deferral, followed by a nine month partial payment deferral, in addition to an interest rate reduction. Going forward, the Company will not be accruing interest on this loan. The weighted average “as is” and “as stabilized” LTVs for the $ 19.3 million balance were 72 % and 68 %, respectively, while those LTVs for the $ 37.3 million were 73 % and 65 %, respectively. T here were $ 56.2 million and $ 96.1 million of total loans classified as modified for the three month and year-to-date periods ended September 30, 2024, respectively, with specific reserves of zero and $ 5,000 , for the three month and year-to-date periods ended September 30, 2024, respectively. T here were zero and $ 156,000 of loans classified as modified for the three month and year-to-date periods ended September 30, 2023. Substantially all of the reserves at September 30, 2024 related to the non-guaranteed portion of SBA loans. Management estimates the ACL quarterly and for most loan categories uses relevant available internal and external historical loan performance information to determine the quantitative component of the reserve and current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and other factors to determine the qualitative component of the reserve. Reserves on specific credit-deteriorated loans comprise the third and final component of the reserve. Historical credit loss experience provides the quantitative basis for the estimation of expected credit losses over the estimated remaining life of the loans. The qualitative component of the ACL is designed to be responsive to changes in portfolio credit quality and the impact of current and future economic conditions on loan performance, and is subjective. The review of the appropriateness of the ACL is performed by the Chief Credit Officer and presented to the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors for review. With the exception of SBLOC and IBLOC, which utilize probability of default/loss given default, and the other loan category, which uses discounted cash flow to determine a reserve, the quantitative components for remaining categories are determined by establishing reserves on loan pools with similar risk characteristics based on a lifetime loss-rate model, or vintage analysis, as described in the following paragraph. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. If foreclosure is believed to be probable or repayment is expected from the sale of collateral, a reserve for deficiency is established within the ACL. Those reserves are estimated based on the difference between loan principal and the estimated fair value of the collateral, adjusted for estimated disposition costs. Below are the portfolio segments used to pool loans with similar risk characteristics and align with the Company’s methodology for measuring expected credit losses. These pools have similar risk and collateral characteristics, and certain of these pools are broken down further in determining and applying the vintage loss estimates previously discussed. For instance, within the direct lease financing pool, government and public institution leases are considered separately. Additionally, the Company evaluates its loans under an internal loan risk rating system as a means of identifying problem loans. The special mention classification indicates weaknesses that may, if not cured, threaten the borrower’s future repayment ability. A substandard classification reflects an existing weakness indicating the possible inadequacy of net worth and other repayment sources. These classifications are used both by regulators and peers, as they have been correlated with an increased probability of credit losses. A summary of the Company’s primary portfolio pools and loans accordingly classified, by year of origination, at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows (dollars in thousands): As of September 30, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving loans at amortized cost Total SBL non real estate Pass $ 28,815 $ 78,143 $ 29,382 $ 19,517 $ 5,969 $ 5,880 $ — $ 167,706 Special mention — — — 667 215 149 — 1,031 Substandard 443 964 1,995 1,438 451 1,141 — 6,432 Total SBL non-real estate 29,258 79,107 31,377 21,622 6,635 7,170 — 175,169 SBL commercial mortgage Pass 100,153 96,812 133,887 78,897 64,899 151,737 — 626,385 Special mention — — 534 1,108 — 2,413 — 4,055 Substandard — 13,285 1,380 12,233 254 3,606 — 30,758 Total SBL commercial mortgage 100,153 110,097 135,801 92,238 65,153 157,756 — 661,198 SBL construction Pass 8,829 12,363 2,394 3,625 927 — — 28,138 Substandard — — — 1,310 — 710 — 2,020 Total SBL construction 8,829 12,363 2,394 4,935 927 710 — 30,158 Direct lease financing Non-rated 3,413 — — — — — — 3,413 Pass 226,080 218,088 151,653 53,905 20,283 7,295 — 677,304 Special mention 2,079 2,403 2,837 1,922 136 113 — 9,490 Substandard 3,987 7,144 7,593 2,633 172 100 — 21,629 Total direct lease financing 235,559 227,635 162,083 58,460 20,591 7,508 — 711,836 SBLOC Non-rated — — — — — — 3,991 3,991 Pass — — — — — — 985,272 985,272 Total SBLOC — — — — — — 989,263 989,263 IBLOC Non-rated — — — — — — 52 52 Pass — — — — — — 553,351 553,351 Special mention — — — — — — 46 46 Substandard — — — — — — 503 503 Total IBLOC — — — — — — 553,952 553,952 Advisor financing Pass 54,214 86,674 55,480 23,241 18,511 — — 238,120 Special mention — — 1,031 8,431 840 — — 10,302 Total advisor financing 54,214 86,674 56,511 31,672 19,351 — — 248,422 Real estate bridge loans Pass 353,084 421,321 807,514 368,011 — — — 1,949,930 Special mention (1) 16,913 — 36,318 31,153 — — — 84,384 Substandard (1) 27,644 — 103,875 23,928 — — — 155,447 Total real estate bridge loans 397,641 421,321 947,707 423,092 — — — 2,189,761 Other loans Non-rated 281,052 — — — — 10,320 — 291,372 Pass 727 163 257 353 2,607 38,612 1,445 44,164 Special mention — — — — — 298 — 298 Total other loans (2) 281,779 163 257 353 2,607 49,230 1,445 335,834 $ 1,107,433 $ 937,360 $ 1,336,130 $ 632,372 $ 115,264 $ 222,374 $ 1,544,660 $ 5,895,593 Unamortized loan fees and costs — — — — — — — 11,023 Total $ 5,906,616 (1) For the special mention and substandard real estate bridge loans, recent appraisals reflect a respective weighted average “as is” LTV of 77 % and a further estimated 68 % “as stabilized” LTV. The “as stabilized” LTV reflects the third-party appraiser’s estimate of value after rehabilitation is complete. The special mention and substandard real estate bridge loans shown in 2024 reflected loans to new borrowers with greater financial capacity, with their original financing in the 2021 and 2022 vintages. (2) Included in Other loans are $ 9.2 million of SBA loans purchased for Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) purposes as of September 30, 2024. These loans are classified as SBL in the Company’s loan table, which classifies loans by type, as opposed to risk characteristics. As of December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving loans at amortized cost Total SBL non real estate Non-rated $ 507 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 507 Pass 47,066 32,512 26,919 9,662 4,334 5,357 — 125,850 Special mention 460 — 258 1,101 119 337 — 2,275 Substandard — 495 632 564 250 562 — 2,503 Total SBL non-real estate 48,033 33,007 27,809 11,327 4,703 6,256 — 131,135 SBL commercial mortgage Pass 128,375 138,281 93,399 67,635 58,550 98,704 — 584,944 Special mention 375 — 10,764 — 595 1,363 — 13,097 Substandard — — — 452 1,853 1,928 — 4,233 Total SBL commercial mortgage 128,750 138,281 104,163 68,087 60,998 101,995 — 602,274 SBL construction Pass 2,848 5,966 1,877 927 4,534 — — 16,152 Special mention — — 3,090 — — — — 3,090 Substandard — — 2,675 — — 710 — 3,385 Total SBL construction 2,848 5,966 7,642 927 4,534 710 — 22,627 . Direct lease financing Non-rated 1,273 — — — — — — 1,273 Pass 302,362 221,768 92,945 37,664 17,469 4,349 — 676,557 Special mention — 666 202 125 146 — — 1,139 Substandard 135 3,898 1,998 372 184 101 — 6,688 Total direct lease financing 303,770 226,332 95,145 38,161 17,799 4,450 — 685,657 SBLOC Non-rated — — — — — — 3,261 3,261 Pass — — — — — — 977,158 977,158 Total SBLOC — — — — — — 980,419 980,419 IBLOC Pass — — — — — — 646,230 646,230 Substandard — — — — — — 636 636 Total IBLOC — — — — — — 646,866 646,866 Advisor financing Pass 92,273 63,083 40,994 24,321 — — — 220,671 Special mention — — — 941 — — — 941 Total advisor financing 92,273 63,083 40,994 25,262 — — — 221,612 Real estate bridge loans Pass 397,073 1,013,199 461,474 — — — — 1,871,746 Special mention — 59,423 16,913 — — — — 76,336 Substandard — — 51,700 — — — — 51,700 Total real estate bridge loans 397,073 1,072,622 530,087 — — — — 1,999,782 Other loans Non-rated 2,555 — — — — 11,513 — 14,068 Pass 165 260 363 2,609 2,314 40,101 1,593 47,405 Special mention — — — — — 362 — 362 Substandard — — — — — 132 — 132 Total other loans (1) 2,720 260 363 2,609 2,314 52,108 1,593 61,967 Total $ 975,467 $ 1,539,551 $ 806,203 $ 146,373 $ 90,348 $ 165,519 $ 1,628,878 $ 5,352,339 Unamortized loan fees and costs — — — — — — — 8,800 Total $ 5,361,139 (1) Included in Other loans are $ 11.3 million of SBA loans purchased for CRA purposes as of December 31, 2023. These loans are classified as SBL in the Company’s loan table, which classifies loans by type, as opposed to risk characteristics. SBL. Substantially all SBLs consist of SBA loans. The Bank participates in loan programs established by the SBA, including the 7(a) Loan Guarantee Program (the “7(a) Program”), the 504 Fixed Asset Financing Program (the “504 Program”), and the discontinued PPP . The 7(a) Program is designed to help small business borrowers start or expand their businesses by providing partial guarantees of loans made by banks and non-bank lending institutions for specific business purposes, including long or short-term working capital; funds for the purchase of equipment, machinery, supplies and materials; funds for the purchase, construction or renovation of real estate; and funds to acquire, operate or expand an existing business or refinance existing debt, all under conditions established by the SBA. The 504 Program includes the financing of real estate and commercial mortgages. In 2020 and 2021, the Company also participated in the PPP, which provided short-term loans to small businesses. PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. This program was a specific response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the vast majority of these loans have been reimbursed by the U.S. government, with $ 1.6 million remaining to be reimbursed as of September 30, 2024. The Company segments the SBL portfolio into four pools: non-real estate, commercial mor |