Significant Accounting Policies | Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Quarterly Presentation The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In management’s opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for fair presentation have been included. The 2018 operating results for the period presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018 . These Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 of the Company and the Operating Partnership. The Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 were derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements at that date. Reclassifications Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, which requires restricted cash and cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. As a result of the adoption, net cash provided by operating activities changed by $235 , net cash used in investing activities changed by $(947) , and net cash provided by financing activities changed by $909 , for the three months ended March 31, 2017 . Principles of Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the Company’s accounts and those of the Company’s subsidiaries which are wholly-owned or controlled by the Company, or entities which are variable interest entities, or VIEs, in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the party that absorbs a majority of the VIE’s anticipated losses and/or a majority of the expected returns. The Company has evaluated its investments for potential classification as variable interests by evaluating the sufficiency of each entity’s equity investment at risk to absorb losses. Entities which the Company does not control and are considered VIEs, but where the Company is not the primary beneficiary, are accounted for under the equity method. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The equity interests of other limited partners in the Company’s Operating Partnership are reflected as noncontrolling interests. See Note 11 for more information on the Company’s noncontrolling interests. Real Estate Investments Real Estate Acquisitions The Company evaluates its acquisitions of real estate, including equity interests in entities that predominantly hold real estate assets, to determine if the acquired assets meet the definition of a business and need to be accounted for as a business combination, or alternatively, should be accounted for as an asset acquisition. An integrated set of assets and activities acquired does not meet the definition of a business if either (i) substantially all the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in either a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, or (ii) the asset and activities acquired do not contain at least an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. The Company expects that its acquisitions of real estate will continue to not meet the definition of a business. Acquisitions of real estate that do not meet the definition of a business, including sale-leaseback transactions that have newly-originated leases and real estate investments under construction, or build-to-suit investments, are recorded as asset acquisitions. The accounting for asset acquisitions is similar to the accounting for business combinations, except that the acquisition consideration, including acquisition costs, is allocated to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed on a relative fair value basis. Based on this allocation methodology, asset acquisitions do not result in the recognition of goodwill or a bargain purchase. The Company incurs internal transaction costs, which are direct, incremental internal costs related to acquisitions, that are recorded within general and administrative expense. Additionally, for build-to-suit investments in which the Company may engage a developer to construct a property or provide funds to a tenant to develop a property, the Company capitalizes the funds provided to the developer/tenant and real estate taxes, if applicable, during the construction period. To determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in an acquisition, which generally include land, building, improvements, and intangibles, such as the value of above- and below-market leases and origination costs associated with the in-place leases at the acquisition date, the Company utilizes various estimates, processes and information to determine the as-if-vacant property value. Estimates of value are made using customary methods, including data from appraisals, comparable sales, and discounted cash flow analyses. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known trends, and market/economic conditions that may affect the property. The Company assesses the fair value of leases assumed at acquisition based upon estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount rates and available market information. Refer to the policy section "Intangible Assets and Liabilities" for more information on the Company’s accounting for intangibles. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life at acquisition of the capitalized item or 40 years for buildings, five to ten years for building equipment and fixtures, and the lesser of the useful life or the remaining lease term for tenant improvements and leasehold interests. Maintenance and repair expenditures are charged to expense as incurred. For transactions that qualify as business combinations, the Company recognizes the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value, including the value of intangible assets and liabilities, and any excess or deficit of the consideration transferred relative to the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill or a bargain purchase gain, as appropriate. Acquisition costs of business combinations are expensed as incurred. Capital Improvements In leasing space, the Company may provide funding to the lessee through a tenant allowance. Certain improvements are capitalized when they are determined to increase the useful life of the building. During construction of qualifying projects, the Company capitalizes project management fees as permitted to be charged under the lease, if incremental and identifiable. In accounting for tenant allowances, the Company determines whether the allowance represents funding for the construction of leasehold improvements and evaluates the ownership of such improvements. If the Company is considered the owner of the leasehold improvements, the Company capitalizes the amount of the tenant allowance and depreciates it over the shorter of the useful life of the leasehold improvements or the lease term. If the tenant allowance represents a payment for a purpose other than funding leasehold improvements, or in the event the Company is not considered the owner of the improvements for accounting purposes, the allowance is considered to be a lease incentive and is recognized over the lease term as a reduction of rental revenue. Impairments and Disposals The Company reviews the recoverability of a property’s carrying value when circumstances indicate a possible impairment of the value of a property, such as an adverse change in future expected occupancy or a significant decrease in the market price of an asset. The review of recoverability is based on an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows, excluding interest charges, expected to result from the property’s use and eventual disposition. These estimates consider factors such as changes in strategy resulting in an increased or decreased holding period, expected future operating income, market and other applicable trends and residual value, as well as the effects of leasing demand, competition and other factors. If management determines impairment exists due to the inability to recover the carrying value of a property, for properties to be held and used, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the property and for assets held for sale, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the fair value less estimated cost of disposal. These assessments are recorded as an impairment loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period the determination is made. The estimated fair value of the asset becomes its new cost basis. For a depreciable long-lived asset to be held and used, the new cost basis will be depreciated or amortized over the remaining useful life of that asset. The Company recognizes sales of real estate properties upon closing, at which time the Company transfers control of the assets to the purchaser. Payments received from purchasers prior to closing are recorded as deposits. Profit on real estate sold is based on the transaction price and is recognized using the full accrual method upon closing. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company's restricted cash primarily consists of reserves for certain capital improvements, leasing, interest and real estate tax and insurance payments as required by certain mortgage note obligations, as well as proceeds from property sales held by qualified intermediaries to be used for tax-deferred, like-kind exchanges under section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets that sums to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. As of March 31, 2018 2017 Cash and cash equivalents $ 41,964 $ 56,256 Restricted cash 15,041 13,101 Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 57,005 $ 69,357 Variable Interest Entities The Company had five consolidated VIEs and two unconsolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , which were determined based on the structure and control provisions of each entity. The Company’s five consolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 included the Operating Partnership and four land parcels in Fort Mill, South Carolina acquired by an investment entity formed in December 2017, on which it will fund the development of four industrial facilities, or the Lakemont Development Investment. The Company has a 95.0% interest in the Lakemont Development Investment and will acquire the seller’s retained 5.0% interest when the properties are developed and leased. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , the Company’s carrying value of the Lakemont Development Investment was $4,674 and $4,584 , respectively. Unconsolidated VIEs The Company’s two unconsolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 included its retained non-investment grade subordinate bonds, preferred shares and ordinary shares of two collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs, which are collectively herein referred to as the Retained CDO Bonds. Refer to the “Other Assets” section of this Note 2 and also to Note 7 for more information on the accounting and valuation of the Retained CDO Bonds. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , the Company’s carrying value of the Retained CDO Bonds was $5,800 and $5,527 , respectively. Tenant and Other Receivables Tenant and other receivables are derived from rental revenue, tenant reimbursements, and management fees. Rental revenue is recorded on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the lease. Since many leases provide for rental increases at specified intervals, straight-line basis accounting requires the Company to record a receivable, and include in revenues, unbilled rent receivables that will only be received if the tenant makes all rent payments required through the expiration of the initial term of the lease. Tenant and other receivables also include receivables related to tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance expenses and certain other recoverable expenses that are recognized as revenue in the period in which the related expenses are incurred. Tenant and other receivables are recorded net of the allowances for doubtful accounts, which as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $670 and $638 , respectively. The Company continually reviews receivables related to rent, tenant reimbursements, and management fees, including incentive fees, and determines collectability by taking into consideration the tenant or asset management clients’ payment history, the financial condition of the tenant or asset management client, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant or asset management client operates and economic conditions in the area in which the property or asset management client is located. In the event that the collectability of a receivable is in doubt, the Company increases the allowance for doubtful accounts or records a direct write-off of the receivable, as appropriate. Intangible Assets and Liabilities As discussed above in policy section, "Real Estate Acquisitions," the Company follows the acquisition method of accounting for its asset acquisitions and business combinations and thus allocates the purchase price of acquired properties to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired based on their respective fair values. Identifiable intangible assets include amounts allocated to acquired leases for above- and below-market lease rates and the value of in-place leases. Management also considers information obtained about each property as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence. Above-market and below-market lease values for properties acquired are recorded based on the present value of the difference between the contractual amount to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and management’s estimate of the fair market lease rate for each such in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease. The present value calculation utilizes a discount rate that reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired. The above-market and below-market lease values are amortized as a reduction of and increase to rental revenue, respectively, over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases. If a tenant terminates its lease prior to its contractual expiration and no future rental payments will be received, any unamortized balance of the market lease intangibles will be written off to rental revenue. The aggregate value of in-place leases represents the costs of leasing costs, other tenant related costs, and lost revenue that the Company did not have to incur by acquiring a property that is already occupied. Factors considered by management in its analysis of the in-place lease intangibles include an estimate of carrying costs during the expected lease-up period for each property taking into account current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, management includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the anticipated lease-up period. Management also estimates costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions and other related expenses. The value of in-place leases is amortized to depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining non-cancelable term of the respective leases. In no event does the amortization period for intangible assets exceed the remaining depreciable life of the building. If a tenant terminates its lease prior to its contractual expiration and no future rental payments will be received, any unamortized balance of the in-place lease intangible will be written off to depreciation and amortization expense. Above-market and below-market ground rent intangibles are recorded for properties acquired in which the Company is the lessee pursuant to a ground lease assumed at acquisition. The above-market and below-market ground rent intangibles are valued similarly to above-market and below-market leases, except that, because the Company is the lessee as opposed to the lessor, the above-market and below-market ground lease values are amortized as a reduction of and increase to rent expense, respectively, over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases. Refer to Note 3 for further information on the Company’s intangible assets and liabilities. Revenue Adoption of ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" The Company adopted ASC Topic 606, which is described below in the section “Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements,” on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under the new guidance, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the historic accounting guidance in ASC Topic 605. As a result of adoption, the Company recorded an increase to its opening retained earnings balance of $663 as of January 1, 2018, which represents the cumulative impact of the new guidance and is related to the Company’s sale of real estate to Strategic Office Partners in 2016. There was no impact to revenues recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as a result of adoption of the new revenue guidance. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company’s primary sources of revenue include rental revenue, third-party management fees, operating expense reimbursements, and other income, which are disaggregated on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and are described in detail below. Real Estate Investments Rental revenue from leases on real estate investments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, regardless of when payments are contractually due. For leases on properties that are under construction at the time of acquisition, the Company begins recognition of rental revenue upon completion of construction of the leased asset and delivery of the leased asset to the tenant. The Company’s lease agreements with tenants also generally contain provisions that require tenants to reimburse the Company for real estate taxes, insurance costs, common area maintenance costs, and other property-related expenses. Under lease arrangements in which the Company is the primary obligor for these expenses, the Company recognizes such amounts as both revenues and operating expenses. Under lease arrangements in which the tenant pays these expenses directly, such amounts are not included in revenues or expenses. These reimbursement amounts are recognized in the period in which the related expenses are incurred. Management Fees The Company’s asset and property management agreements may contain provisions for fees related to dispositions, administration of the assets including fees related to accounting, valuation and legal services, and management of capital improvements or projects on the underlying assets. The Company recognizes revenue for fees pursuant to its management agreements in the period in which they are earned. Deferred revenue from management fees received prior to the date earned are included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For management fee agreements that include multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price, which is primarily determined based on the prices charged to customers. Certain of the Company’s asset management contracts and agreements with its unconsolidated equity investments include provisions that allow it to earn additional fees, generally described as incentive fees or promoted interests, based on the achievement of a targeted valuation or the achievement of a certain internal rate of return on the managed assets held by third parties or the equity investment. The Company’s incentive fees are accounted for as variable consideration and revenue is recognized for them based on the Company’s estimate of the expected amount to which it will be entitled in exchange for its services. The Company recognizes promoted interest in the period in which it is determined to be appropriately earned pursuant to the terms of the specific agreement. The values of incentive fees and promoted interest fees are periodically evaluated by management. Other Income Other income primarily consists of income accretion on the Company’s Retained CDO Bonds, realized foreign currency exchange gains (losses), and interest income. Foreign Currency The Company's European management platform performs asset and property management services in Europe. The Company has unconsolidated equity investments in Europe and Asia and previously had two wholly-owned properties in Canada until their dispositions in March 2017. The Company also has borrowings outstanding in euros and British pounds sterling under the multicurrency portion of its revolving credit facility. Refer to Note 4 for more information on the Company’s foreign unconsolidated equity investments. Other Assets The Company includes prepaid expenses, capitalized software costs, contract intangible assets, deferred costs, loan investments, goodwill, derivative assets, and Retained CDO Bonds in other assets. Loan Investments The Company may originate loans related to specific real estate development projects. In October 2017, the Company entered into an agreement to provide a mezzanine construction loan facility with a maximum commitment of $250,000 to an industrial developer as borrower. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the carrying value of the Company’s loan investments was $22,437 and $22,154 , respectively, which represents the cost, net of accumulated amortization of loan costs. A s of March 31, 2018 , the loan investments had a weighted average interest rate of 10.47% . The Company evaluates its loan investments for possible credit losses each period. There were no loan reserves recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and all of the Company’s loan investments were performing in accordance with the terms of the relevant investments as of March 31, 2018 . Goodwill The Company recognized goodwill of $3,802 related to the acquisition of Gramercy Europe Limited, which it adjusts each reporting period for the effect of foreign currency translation adjustments and tests for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The carrying value of goodwill at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $3,394 and $3,272 , respectively. The Company did no t record any impairment on its goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2018 . Retained CDO Bonds The Retained CDO Bonds are non-investment grade subordinate bonds, preferred shares and ordinary shares of two CDOs. Management estimated the timing and amount of cash flows expected to be collected and recognized an investment in the Retained CDO Bonds equal to the net present value of these discounted cash flows. There is no guarantee that the Company will realize any proceeds from this investment, or what the timing will be for the expected remaining life of the Retained CDO Bonds. The Company considers these investments to be not of high credit quality and does not expect a full recovery of interest and principal. Therefore, the Company has suspended interest income accruals on these investments. The Company classifies the Retained CDO Bonds as available for sale. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates the Retained CDO Bonds to determine whether significant changes in estimated cash flows or unrealized losses on these investments, if any, reflect a decline in value which is other-than-temporary. If there is a decrease in estimated cash flows and the investment is in an unrealized loss position, the Company will record an other-than-temporary impairment, or OTTI, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. To determine the component of the OTTI related to expected credit losses, the Company compares the amortized cost basis of the Retained CDO Bonds to the present value of the revised expected cash flows, discounted using the pre-impairment effective yield. Conversely, if the security is in an unrealized gain position and there is a decrease or significant increase in expected cash flows, the Company will prospectively adjust the yield using the effective yield method. Refer to Note 7 for further discussion regarding the fair value measurement of the Retained CDO Bonds. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized OTTI on its Retained CDO Bonds of $0 and $4,890 , respectively. A summary of the Company’s Retained CDO Bonds as of March 31, 2018 is as follows: Number of Securities Face Value Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gain Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Fair Value Weighted Average Expected Life (years) 6 $ 329,597 $ 5,431 $ 369 $ — $ 5,800 1.1 Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash investments, debt investments and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash investments in excess of insured amounts with high quality financial institutions. Concentrations of credit risk also arise when a number of the Company’s tenants or asset management clients are engaged in similar business activities or are subject to similar economic risks or conditions that could cause their inability to meet contractual obligations to the Company. The Company regularly monitors its portfolio to assess potential concentrations of credit risk. Management believes the current credit risk portfolio is reasonably well diversified. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no tenants that accounted for 10.0% or more of the Company's rental revenue. Additionally, for the three months ended March 31, 2018 , there were three states, Illinois , Texas , and Florida , that each accounted for 10.0% or more of the Company’s rental revenue. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 (Topic 606), Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model requiring a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount reflecting the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In April 2016 and February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10 and ASU 2017-05, respectively, which further clarified the new revenue recognition guidance under ASC Topic 606. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method, which did not have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. Refer to the “Revenue” section above for further detail. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The guidance requires entities to measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method at fair value and to record changes in instruments specific credit risk for financial liabilities measured under the fair value option in other comprehensive income. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods therein. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2018 and the adoption did not have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. Refer to Note 8 for more information. I n February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. The update will be effective beginning in the first quarter of 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The new standard requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. The Company’s accounting for leases in which it is a lessor, which represents most of its leasing arrangements, will be largely unchanged under ASU 2016-02; however, the Company is a lessee in several operating and ground leases and the accounting for these arrangements is more significantly impacted by the new standard. Pursuant to the new guidance, lessees are required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact of adopting the new leases standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which serves to reduce the diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2018 and the adoption did not have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting. The amendment provides guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted under certain circumstances. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2018 and the adoption did not have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The purpose of this updated guidance is to better align a company’s financial reporting for hedging activities with the economic objectives of those activities. The transition guidance provides companies with the option of early adopting the new standard using a modified retrospective transition method in any interim period after issuance of the update, or alternatively requires adoption for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company early adopted this standard and the adoption did not have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. |