Stockholders' Equity | NOTE 10. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred Stock Our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended and restated in October 2010 in connection with the closing of our initial public offering, authorizes us to issue 1,000,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value common stock and 50,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value preferred stock. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding. Common Stock Common stockholders are entitled to dividends when and if declared by our board of directors. There have been no dividends declared to date. The holder of each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. Underwritten Public Equity OfferingsIn August 2020, we entered into an underwriting agreement, relating to the public offering of 19,430,000 shares of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share, at a price to the public of $4.47 per share. Under the terms of the underwriting agreement, we also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 2,914,500 shares of our common stock, which was subsequently exercised in full, and the offering including the sale of shares of common stock subject to the underwriters’ option, closed in August 2020. In total, we sold 22.3 million shares of our common stock. We paid a commission equal to 6% of the gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock. The total net proceeds to us from the offering after deducting the underwriting discount were approximately $93.9 million, excluding approximately $0.3 million of offering expenses. In November 2020, we entered into an underwriting agreement, relating to the public offering of 6,096,112 shares of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share, at a price to the public of $14.25 per share. Under the terms of the underwriting agreement, we also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 914,416 shares of our common stock, which was subsequently exercised in full, and the offering including the sale of shares of common stock subject to the underwriters’ option, closed in November 2020. In total, we sold 7.0 million shares of our common stock. We paid a commission equal to 6% of the gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock. The total net proceeds to us from the offering after deducting the underwriting discount were approximately $93.9 million, excluding approximately $0.3 million of offering expenses. In total, for the year ended December 31, 2020, we issued 29.4 million shares of our common stock through our two underwritten public offerings with an average offering price of $6.40. The total net proceeds to us from the two offerings, after deducting the underwriting commission and offering expenses, were approximately $187.2 million. Private Placement of Common StockOn July 19, 2021, in connection with the Omniome acquisition, we entered into a purchase agreement with certain qualified institutional buyers and institutional accredited investors, pursuant to which we agreed to sell an aggregate of 11,214,953 shares of common stock, at a price of $26.75 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $300 million. The transaction closed on September 20, 2021. We registered the private placement shares for resale following the closing of the merger.Equity Plans The 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), the 2020 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (the “Inducement Plan”) and the 2021 adopted Omniome Equity Incentive Plan of Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. (the “Omniome Plan”) allow for the issuance of stock options, restricted units and awards and performance-based awards.On August 4, 2020, stockholders approved the 2020 Plan and reserved 11,000,000 shares of our common stock for issuance pursuant to equity awards granted under the 2020 Plan.On December 2, 2020, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) adopted the Inducement Plan and reserved 2,500,000 shares of our common stock for issuance pursuant to equity awards granted under the Inducement Plan. On April 18, 2021 and November 22, 2021, the Board amended the Inducement Plan to reserve an additional 750,000 and 360,000 shares, respectively. On September 20, 2021, in connection with the acquisition of Omniome, we adopted the Omniome Equity Incentive Plan of Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. (the “Omniome Plan”). Under the Omniome Merger Agreement, each unvested option to purchase Omniome common stock, granted under the Omniome Plan held by employees continuing with us, were assumed by PacBio and converted into an option to purchase shares of our common stock. The terms and conditions of the converted options are substantially the same (including vesting and exercisability), except that (A) the assumed options cover shares of PacBio’s common stock; (B) the number of shares of our common stock subject to the assumed option is equal to the product of (i) the number of shares of Omniome common stock subject to the corresponding unvested option, multiplied by (ii) the exchange ratio (as defined below), with any resulting fractional share rounded down to the nearest whole share; and (C) the exercise price per share of the assumed options is equal to the quotient of (i) the exercise price per share of the corresponding unvested option to purchase shares of Omniome common stock, divided by (ii) the exchange ratio (as defined below), with any resulting fractional cent rounded up to the nearest whole cent. The exchange ratio was equal to 0.259204639. We reserved 2,494,128 shares of our common stock for issuance pursuant to equity awards under the Omniome Plan. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan Under the 2020 Plan, with the approval of the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, we may grant equity-based awards, including non-statutory stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, performance shares and performance units. Stock options granted under the 2020 Plan may be either incentive stock options (“ISOs”) within the meaning of Internal Revenue code Section 422 or non-qualified stock options (“NSOs”). Stock options under the 2020 Plan may be granted with a term of up to ten years and at prices no less than the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. To date, stock options granted to existing employees generally vest over four years on a monthly basis and stock options granted to new employees vest at a rate of 25% upon the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and 1/48th per month thereafter, in each case, subject to continued service with us through the applicable vesting dates.2020 Inducement Equity Incentive PlanUnder the Inducement Plan, with the approval of the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, we may grant equity-based awards, including non-statutory stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, performance shares and performance units. The terms of the Inducement Plan are substantially similar to the 2020 Plan, including with respect to treatment of equity awards in the event of a “merger” or “change in control” as defined under the Inducement Plan, but with such other terms and conditions intended to comply with the NASDAQ Inducement Award exception. In accordance with Rule 5635(c)(4) of the NASDAQ Listing Rules, awards under the Inducement Plan may only be made to individuals not previously employees or non-employee directors of the Company (or following such individuals’ bona fide period of non-employment with the Company), as an inducement material to the individuals’ entry into employment with the Company or in connection with a merger or acquisition, to the extent permitted by Rule 5635(c)(3) of the NASDAQ Listing Rules.As of December 31, 2021, we had 8.1 million shares remaining and available for future issuance under the 2020 Plan, Inducement Plan, and the Omniome Plan. Stock OptionsTime-based stock optionsThe following table summarizes time-based stock option activity for all of our equity compensation plans for the year ended December 31, 2021 (in thousands, except per share amounts): Stock Options Outstanding Weighted Number average of shares Exercise price exercise priceOutstanding at December 31, 2020 14,638 $ 1.16 – 20.90 $ 5.53Granted 2,489 23.06 – 46.37 33.78Assumed Omniome options 339 2.05 – 4.90 4.43Exercised (4,766) 1.16 – 15.98 5.31Canceled (541) 2.54 – 46.37 5.25Outstanding at December 31, 2021 12,159 $1.16 – 46.37 $ 11.38The expired options during the year ended December 31, 2021 totaled 0.02 million with exercise prices ranging from $2.54 to $46.37 per share and a weighted average exercise price per share of $9.80. Performance-based stock optionsThe following table summarizes performance-based stock option activity for all of our equity compensation plans for the year ended December 31, 2021 (in thousands, except per share amounts): Stock Options Outstanding Weighted Number average of shares Exercise price exercise priceOutstanding at December 31, 2020 — $ — $ —Granted — — —Assumed Omniome options 304 4.71 - 4.90 4.71Exercised — — —Canceled — — —Outstanding at December 31, 2021 304 $4.71 - 4.90 $ 4.71 The following table summarizes information with respect to stock options outstanding and exercisable under our equity compensation plans at December 31, 2021: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Number Weighted average Number outstanding remaining contractual Weighted average vested Weighted average Exercise price(in 000s) life (Years) exercise price (in 000s) exercise price $0.00 - 4.64 3,676 5.37 $ 2.91 3,508 $ 2.91 $4.64 - 9.27 5,480 5.88 $ 6.64 4,010 $ 6.68 $9.27 - 13.91 702 6.69 $ 9.81 427 $ 9.94 $13.91 - 18.55 35 8.79 $ 14.34 14 $ 14.34 $ 18.55 - 23.19 180 9.38 $ 21.86 25 $ 20.90 $23.19 - 27.82 320 9.50 $ 24.22 — $ — $27.82 - 32.46 472 9.43 $ 28.77 52 $ 27.90 $ 32.46 - 37.10 1,380 9.00 $ 36.18 — $ — $41.73 - 46.37 218 9.13 $ 46.37 45 $ 46.37 12,463 6.47 $ 11.22 8,081 $ 5.63The aggregate intrinsic value of the outstanding and exercisable options presented in the table above totaled $147.9 million and $121.4 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pretax intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between $20.46, our closing stock price on the last trading day of our fourth quarter of 2021 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2021. The aggregate intrinsic value changes at each reporting date based on the fair market value of our common stock. The weighted average remaining contractual life for exercisable options is 5.12 years.The vested and expected to vest options as of December 31, 2021 totaled 11,535,217, with aggregate intrinsic value of $141.9 million, weighted average exercise price per share of $10.46 and weighted average remaining contractual life of 6.28 years. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $146.1 million, $63.1 million and $2.6 million, respectively. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of all options granted with exercise prices equal to fair market value was $18.36 in 2021 and $4.14 in 2020 determined by the Black-Scholes option valuation method. No stock options were granted in 2019. Time-based RSUs Each RSU represents one equivalent share of our common stock to be issued after satisfying the applicable continued service-based vesting criteria over a specified period. These RSUs vest over four years at a rate of 25% annually. The fair value for these RSUs is based on the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. We measure compensation expense for these RSUs at fair value on the date of grant and recognize the expense over the expected vesting period on a straight-line basis. The RSUs do not entitle participants to the rights of holders of common stock, such as voting rights, until the shares are issued. RSUs that are expected to vest are net of estimated future forfeitures. The following table summarizes the time-based RSUs activity for the year ended December 31, 2021 (in thousands, except per share amounts): Weighted average Number grant date of shares fair valueRSUs outstanding at December 31, 2020 5,919 $ 5.25RSUs granted 3,744 35.33RSUs released (1,798) 5.13RSUs forfeited (473) 16.68Unvested RSUs outstanding at December 31, 2021 7,392 $ 19.78Performance-based RSUs The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved awards of RSUs with performance-based vesting under the 2010 Plan to certain employees which expired on July 29, 2020. Performance-based RSUs are governed under the 2020 Plan.The following table summarizes the performance-based RSUs activity for the year ended December 31, 2021 (in thousands, except per share amounts): Weighted average Number grant date of shares fair valuePSUs outstanding at December 31, 2020 94 $$ 2.63PSUs granted — —PSUs released — —PSUs forfeited (94) 2.63Unvested PSUs outstanding at December 31, 2021 — $ —2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan As of December 31, 2021, a total of 21.5 million shares of our common stock have been reserved for issuance under our 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). The ESPP permits eligible employees to purchase common stock at a discount through payroll deductions during defined offering periods. Each offering period will generally consist of four purchase periods, each purchase period being approximately six months. The price at which the stock is purchased is equal to the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning of an offering period or at the end of a purchase period. Each offering period will generally end and the shares will be purchased twice yearly on March 1 and September 1. If the stock price at the end of the purchase period is lower than the stock price at the beginning of the offering period, that offering period will then be terminated and new offering period comes to place. The ESPP provides for an annual increase to the shares available for issuance at the beginning of each fiscal year equal to the lessor of 2% of the common shares then outstanding, 4,000,000 shares, or an amount determined by the ESPP’s administrator. Pursuant to the terms of the then-in-process Merger Agreement with Illumina, offerings under our 2010 ESPP were suspended after the completion of the purchase period ended March 1, 2019. After the merger with Illumina was terminated in January 2020, we began offerings under the ESPP again starting with the offering period beginning March 1, 2020. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, 1,913,968 shares, 834,677 shares and 1,306,329 shares of common stock were purchased under the ESPP, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, 7,810,673 shares of our common stock remain available for issuance under our ESPP. Stock-based Compensation Total stock-based compensation expense consists of the following (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019Cost of revenue$ 6,126 $ 2,236 $ 1,857Research and development 20,275 7,061 7,699Sales, general and administrative 35,403 8,236 6,845Merger-related expenses - stock-settled 6,349 — —Merger-related expenses - milestone 5,202 — —Stock-based compensation 73,355 17,533 16,401Merger-related expenses - cash-settled 7,373 — —Total stock-based compensation expense$ 80,728 $ 17,533 $ 16,401As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, $0.9 million and $0.3 million of stock-based compensation cost was capitalized in inventory on our consolidated balance sheets, respectively. The tax benefit of stock-based compensation expense was immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. Determining Fair ValueWe estimate the fair value of share options granted using the Black-Scholes valuation method and a single option award approach. This fair value is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the vesting period. The fair market value of RSU awards granted is the closing price of our shares on the date of grant and is generally recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the respective vesting period. For shares purchased under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP, we estimate the grant-date fair value, and the resulting stock-based compensation expense, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.Expected Term - The expected term used in the Black-Scholes valuation method represents the period that the stock options are expected to be outstanding and is determined based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock options and vesting schedules.Expected Volatility - The expected volatility used in the Black-Scholes valuation method is derived from the implied volatility related to our share price over the expected term.Expected Dividend - We have never paid dividends on our shares and, accordingly, the dividend yield percentage is zero for all periods.Risk-Free Interest Rate - The risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes valuation method is the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury constant maturities issued with a term equivalent to the expected terms.Stock OptionsWe estimated the fair value of employee stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of employee stock options is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we did not grant any stock options. When determining the current share prices underlying the stock options for calculating the grant-date fair value, we reference observable market prices of similar or identical instruments in active markets. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the fair value of employee stock options was estimated using the following weighted average assumptions: Years Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019Expected term in years 2.1 - 4.6 5.0 years — Expected volatility 67% - 80% 70.7% — Risk-free interest rate 0.05% – 1.10% 0.3% — Dividend yield — — — Weighted average grant date fair value per share $ 15.53 $ 7.20 — Cash received from option exercises for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $25.4 million, $43.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively. ESPP We estimate the fair value of shares to be issued under the ESPP using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the fair value of shares to be issued under the ESPP was estimated using the following assumptions: Years Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019Expected term in years 0.5 - 2.0 0.5 - 2.0 — Expected volatility 67% - 68% 57% - 71% — Risk-free interest rate 0.1% - 0.2% 0.1%-1.0% — Dividend yield — — — Weighted average grant date fair value per share $ 25.07 $ 1.87 — Cash received through the ESPP for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $6.4 million, $2.4 million and $2.7 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, $122.9 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options, restricted stock and ESPP shares was expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.9 years. |