Stock Acquisition Rights, Stock Options and Warrants | 12. Stock Acquisition Rights, Stock Options and Warrants The Company established the 2014 Stock Plan (the “2014 Stock Plan”) to attract, retain and reward individuals who contribute to the achievement of the Company’s goals and objectives. This 2014 Stock Plan superseded previous stock plans, although under such previous plans, 23,550 stock options were outstanding and vested as of March 31, 2020. The Company’s Board has reserved 4,147,985 shares of common stock for issuance under its 2014 Stock Plan as of March 31, 2020, of which 1,187,260 shares are available for future issuance. The number of shares may increase, based on Board approval, each January 1 through January 1, 2024 by an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 5% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31 or (ii) a lesser amount determined by the Board. Effective January 1, 2020, the B oard elected to increase the shares authorized under the 2014 Stock Plan by 342,762 shares , which represented 2% of the of the Company’s common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019. Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units A summary of non-vested restricted stock activity for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:      Weighted  Average  Restricted Grant Day  Stock Fair Value  Non-vested restricted stock outstanding at March 31, 2018 217,813 $ 24.69  Granted 171,780 31.58  Forfeited (28,798) (25.39)  Vested (81,583) (25.45)  Non-vested restricted stock outstanding at March 31, 2019 279,212 $ 28.71  Granted 208,722 42.86  Forfeited (2,163) (22.85)  Vested (133,776) (28.96)  Non-vested restricted stock outstanding at March 31, 2020 351,995 $ 37.04 The Company recognizes compensation expense for restricted stock on a straight-line basis over the explicit vesting period. Vested restricted stock units are settled and issuable upon the earlier of the date the employee ceases to be an employee of the Company or a date certain in the future. Stock compensation expense related to restricted stock was approximately $4.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2020. Stock compensation expense related to restricted stock was approximately $4.1 million the year ended March 31, 2019 , which included $1.4 million of expense related to the modification of restricted stock held by the Company’s former chief executive officer and president and several other key employees which were accounted for in restructuring costs. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) – Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payment Accounting . ASU 2018-07 addresses several aspects of the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions, including share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. ASU 2018-07 is effective for the Company’s fiscal year 2020 beginning April 1, 2019. As a result of adopting the ASU on April 1, 2019, the Company reduced its accumulated deficit by $14,000 relating to restricted stock. As of March 31, 2020, there was $10.2 million of unvested compensation expense for the restricted stock, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.82 years. Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units A summary of the performance-based restricted stock unit activity for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:      Weighted  Average  Performance Grant Day  Stock Fair Value  Performance stock outstanding at March 31, 2018 109,138 $ 23.80  Granted — —  Forfeited — —  Vested — —  Performance stock outstanding at March 31, 2019 109,138 $ 23.80  Granted 150,291 46.23  Forfeited (120,445) (25.19)  Vested — —  Performance stock outstanding at March 31, 2020 138,984 $ 46.85 On October 2, 2019 , the Company awarded 11,307 performance -based restricted stock units under the 2014 Stock Plan. The performance goal was : prior to January 13, 2020, (A) issuance of a Final Order from the FCC providing for the creation and allocation of licenses for spectrum in the 900 MHz band consisting of paired blocks of contiguous spectrum, each containing at least 3 MHz of contiguous spectrum, authorized for broadband wireless communications uses and (B) the lack of objection by the Company's B oard to the terms and conditions (including, but not limited to, the rebanding, clearing and relocation procedures, license assignment and award mechanisms and technical and operational rules) set forth or referenced in the Final Order. All 120,445 performance-based restricted stock units awarded were forfeited in January 2020 as a result of the performance conditions not being met by January 13, 2020. No compensation expense was recorded for these performance-based restricted stock units. On February 28, 2020, the Company awarded 95,538 performance-based restricted stock units. The performance goals are: (A) Target Goal : 50% of the shares vest upon (i) achievement by December 31, 2020 of a Final Order from the FCC providing for the creation and allocation of licenses for spectrum in the 900 MHz band consisting of paired blocks of contiguous spectrum, each containing at least 3 MHz of contiguous spectrum, authorized for broadband wireless communications uses and (ii) the lack of objection by the Company’s Board to the terms and conditions (including, but not limited to, the rebanding, clearing and relocation procedures, license assignment and award mechanisms and technical and operational rules) set forth or referenced in the Final Order; and (B) Stretch Goal : The remaining 50% of the performance shares vest and settle upon the earliest to occur of each of the following conditions: (i) the Company enters into one or more long-term agreement(s) with critical infrastructure or enterprise business(es) to enable such business(es) to utilize the Company’s spectrum for broadband connectivity; (ii) the combined total contract dollars payable to the Company over the initial term(s) of such agreement(s) equals or exceeds a certain amount as specified by the Board; and (iii) the agreement(s) is/are binding on such business(es) and is/are either not contingent on prior Board approval(s) or such approval(s) has/have been received. If all of these conditions have not been achieved by December 30, 2020, the performance shares will expire unvested. Additionally, on February 28, 2020, the Company awarded 43,446 performance-based restricted stock units. The performance goal related to these units is: 100% of the shares will vest upon (i) achievement by December 31, 2020 of a Final Order from the FCC providing for the creation and allocation of licenses for spectrum in the 900 MHz band consisting of paired blocks of contiguous spectrum, each containing at least 3 MHz of contiguous spectrum, authorized for broadband wireless communications uses and (ii) the lack of objection by the Company’s Board to the terms and conditions (including, but not limited to, the rebanding, clearing and relocation procedures, license assignment and award mechanisms and technical and operational rules) set forth or referenced in the Final Order. For the year ended March 31, 2020, there was no stock compensation expense recognized for the 138,984 performance-based restricted stock units. As of March 31, 2020, there was approximately $6.5 million of unvested compensation expense related to the outstanding performance -based restricted stock units . Stock Options A summary of Stock Option activity for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:      Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value  Options outstanding at March 31, 2018 1,968,374 $ 22.79  Options granted 726,875 23.73  Options exercised (169,003) (19.93)  Options forfeited/expired (602,612) (23.08)  Options outstanding at March 31, 2019 1,923,634 $ 23.64  Options granted 3,330 46.85  Options exercised (107,623) (21.71)  Options forfeited/expired (11,875) (45.42)  Options outstanding at March 31, 2020 1,807,466 $ 23.57 4.85 $ 40,016,394  Exercisable at March 31, 2020 1,579,433 $ 23.12 4.52 $ 35,686,550  Total vested or expected to vest at March 31, 2020 1,807,101 $ 23.57 4.85 $ 40,008,998 The Company entered into the CEO Transition Agreements on April 23, 2018. It also entered into additional consulting and transition agreements with several other key employees during the year ended March 31, 2019. As a result of these agreements, the Company determined that 574,434 stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock should be accounted for as a Type I modification (which does not change the expectation that the award will ultimately vest resulting from an increase in the term to exercise the options) for the year ended March 31, 2019. The Company also determined that 56,250 stock options to purchase shares of common stock should be accounted for as a Type III modification for the year ended March 31, 2019. As a result, the 580,684 stock options are reflected as new grants and the previous grants are treated as forfeited. The Company awarded stock options to purchase 146,191 shares of common stock to employees and consultants during the year ended March 31, 2019, of which stock options to purchase 112,000 shares of common stock were awarded to employees and stock options to purchase 34,191 shares of common stock were awarded to consultants and which each have a ten -year contractual life. Of the 112,000 stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock that were granted in the year ended March 31, 2019, 100,000 stock options were granted to the Company’s President and 12,000 stock options were granted to employees. For the stock options granted to employees, 25% vests on the first anniversary of grant and the remainder will vest in three equal annual installments thereafter. For the stock option to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock awarded to the Company’s President, 50% of the option shares vest on the second anniversary of grant and 25% of the options shares vests in two annual installments thereafter. Shares granted to employees are subject to vesting, future settlement conditions and other such terms as determined by the Board and set forth in the applicable award agreements. During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company awarded a stock option to purchase 3,330 shares of common stock to a consultant. The award has a contractual life of 10 years. 50% of the option shares will vest on June 30, 2020 and the remaining 50% on December 31, 2020 subject to the terms of the award agreement. The intrinsic value of stock options exercised was approximately $2.4 million at March 31, 2020. Additional information regarding stock options outstanding at March 31, 2020 is as follows:      Weighted  Weighted Average  Average Weighted Exercise Price  Exercise Number Remaining Average Options of Shares  Prices Outstanding Life in Years Exercise Price Exercisable Exercisable  $ 13.25 - $ 20.00 901,550 3.47 $ 19.82 901,550 $ 19.82  20.01 - 46.23 883,836 6.24 26.76 659,133 26.89  46.24 - 72.85 22,080 5.77 48.79 18,750 49.14  1,807,466 4.85 $ 23.57 1,579,433 $ 23.12  The fair value of stock options granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. This stock-based compensation expense valuation model requires the Company to make assumptions and judgments regarding the variables used in the calculation. These variables include the expected term, the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock, expected risk-free interest rate, forfeiture rate and expected dividends. The Company calculates an expected term and volatility from the historical volatilities and terms of selected comparable public companies within its industry along with the Company’s short history regarding these variables. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected life of the stock option. The Company estimates its forfeiture rate based on an analysis of its actual forfeitures and will continue to evaluate the appropriateness of the forfeiture rate based on actual forfeiture experience, analysis of employee turnover and other factors. The Company has never paid, and does not anticipate paying, any cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and therefore uses an expected dividend yield of zero in the option-pricing model. The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of stock options:       Year Ended Year Ended  March 31, 2020 March 31, 2019  Risk-free interest rate 0.93% 2.41% to 2.68%  Dividend yield -% -%  Volatility 49.63% 49.71% to 50.30%  Expected term 5.67 years 5 years  Forfeiture rate -% to 2% 3%  Performance-Based Stock Options A summary of the Performance-Based Stock Options as of March 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:      Performance Options Weighted Average Exercise Price  Performance Options outstanding at March 31, 2018 179,945 $ 25.83  Performance Options granted — —  Performance Options exercised — —  Performance Options forfeited/expired — —  Performance Options outstanding at March 31, 2019 179,945 $ 25.83  Performance Options granted 82,197 46.85  Performance Options exercised — —  Performance Options forfeited/expired (179,945) (25.83)  Performance Options outstanding at March 31, 2020 82,197 $ 46.85  The vesting of the performance-based stock options outstanding at March 31, 2019 were subject to the attainment of a performance goal. The performance goal was : prior to January 13, 2020 : (A) the issuance of a Final Order from the FCC providing for the creation and allocation of licenses for spectrum in the 900 MHz band consisting of paired blocks of contiguous spectrum, each containing at least 3 MHz of contiguous spectrum, authorized for broadband wireless communications uses and (B) the lack of objection by the Company's Board to the terms and conditions (including, but not limited to, the rebanding, clearing and relocation procedures, license assignment and award mechanisms and technical and operational rules) set forth or referenced in the Final Order. All 179,945 performance-based stock options were forfeited on January 13, 2020 as a result of the performance goal not being attained and no stock compensation expense was recorded for these awards. On February 28, 2020, the Company awarded 67,562 performance -based stock options. The performance goals are: (A) Target Goal : 50% of the shares vest upon (i) achievement by December 31, 2020 of a Final Order from the FCC providing for the creation and allocation of licenses for spectrum in the 900 MHz band consisting of paired blocks of contiguous spectrum, each containing at least 3 MHz of contiguous spectrum, authorized for broadband wireless communications uses and (ii) the lack of objection by the Company’s Board to the terms and conditions (including, but not limited to, the rebanding, clearing and relocation procedures, license assignment and award mechanisms and technical and operational rules) set forth or referenced in the Final Order and (B) Stretch Goal : T he remaining 50% of the performance shares vest and settle upon the earliest to occur of each of the following conditions: (i) the Company enters into one or more long-term agreement(s) with critical infrastructure or enterprise business(es) to enable such business(es) to utilize the Company’s spectrum for broadband connectivity; (ii) the combined total contract dollars payable to the Company over the initial term(s) of such agreement(s) equals or exceeds a certain amount as specified by the Board; and (iii) the agreement(s) is/are binding on such business(es) and is/are either not contingent on prior Board of Director approval(s) or such approval(s) has/have been received. If all of these conditions have not been achieved by December 30, 2020, the performance shares will expire unvested. Additionally, the Company awarded 14,635 performance -based stock options on February 28, 2020 . The performance goal is : 100% of the shares will vest upon (i) achievement by December 31, 2020 of a Final Order from the FCC providing for the creation and allocation of licenses for spectrum in the 900 MHz band consisting of paired blocks of contiguous spectrum, each containing at least 3 MHz of contiguous spectrum, authorized for broadband wireless communications uses and (ii) the lack of objection by the Company’s Board to the terms and conditions (including, but not limited to, the rebanding, clearing and relocation procedures, license assignment and award mechanisms and technical and operational rules) set forth or referenced in the Final Order. For the year ended March 31, 2020, there was no stock compensation expense recognized for the 82,197 performance-based stock options. As of March 31, 2020, there was approximately $1.4 million of unvested compensation expense relating to the outstanding performance-based stock options. The stock compensation expense related to the consulting and transition agreements entered into by the Company for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $3.2 million. This expense was incurred due to the Type I and Type III modifications resulting from the consulting and termination agreements. The expense is accounted for in restructuring costs in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. Stock compensation expense related to the amortization of the fair value of service-based stock options issued was approximately $1.5 million and $3.0 million for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. There was no stock compensation expense related to the performance-based stock options issued during those periods. Stock compensation expense is included as part of general and administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) – Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payment Accounting . ASU 2018-07 addresses several aspects of the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions, including share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. ASU 2018-07 is effective for the Company’s fiscal year 2020 beginning April 1, 2019. As a result of adopting the ASU on April 1, 2019, the Company reduced its accumulated deficit by $174,000 relating to stock options. The weighted average fair value for the stock option awards granted for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was $46.85 per share. As of March 31, 2020, there was approximately $2.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted under the Company’s stock option plans, of which $0.7 million pertains to the non-performance based stock options which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years. Motorola Investment On September 15, 2014, Motorola invested $10.0 million to purchase 500,000 Class B Units of the Company’s subsidiary, PDV Spectrum Holding Company, LLC (at a price equal to $20.00 per unit). The Company owns 100% of the Class A Units in this subsidiary. Motorola has the right at any time to convert its 500,000 Class B Units into 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company also has the right to force Motorola’s conversion into shares of its common stock. Motorola is not entitled to any assets, profits or distributions from the operations of the subsidiary. In addition, Motorola’s conversion ratio from Class B Units to shares of the Company’s common stock is fixed on a one-for-one basis and is not dependent on the performance or valuation of either the Company or its subsidiary. The Class B Units have no redemption or call provisions and can only be converted into shares of the Company’s common stock. Management has determined that this investment does not meet the criteria for temporary equity or non-controlling interest due to the limited rights that Motorola has as a holder of Class B Units and accordingly has presented this investment as part of its permanent equity within Additional Paid-in Capital in the accompanying financial statements.  |