Washington, D.C. 20549
SOLAR ENERTECH CORP.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed based on the closing sale price as of the last business day of the registrant’s second fiscal quarter, March 31, 2008, was approximately $51,903,895.
According to the records of the registrant's registrar and transfer agent, the number of shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding as of December 18, 2008 was 112,444,346.
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, in particular in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, that relate to our current expectations and views of future events. These statements relate to events that involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those listed under the heading “Risks Related to Our Business,” “Risks Related to Doing Business in China” and “Risks Related To an Investment in Our Securities” in this document as well as other relevant risks detailed in the our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. The information set forth in this report on Form 10-K should be read in light of such risks.
In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan or planned” “believe,” “potential,” “continue,” “is/are likely to”, “hope” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs.
These forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements relating to:
| • | | our expectations regarding the worldwide demand for electricity and the market for solar energy in certain countries; |
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| • | | our beliefs regarding the effects of environmental regulation, lack of infrastructure reliability and long-term fossil fuel supply constraints; |
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| • | | our beliefs regarding the inability of traditional fossil fuel-based generation technologies to meet the demand for electricity; |
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| • | | our beliefs regarding the importance of environmentally friendly power generation; |
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| • | | our expectations regarding research and development agreements and initiatives; |
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| • | | our expectations regarding governmental support and incentive programs for the deployment of solar energy; |
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| • | | our beliefs regarding the acceleration of adoption of solar technologies; |
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| • | | our beliefs regarding the competitiveness of photovoltaic (“PV”) products; |
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| • | | our expectations regarding the creation and development of our manufacturing capacity; |
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| • | | our expected benefits in manufacturing based on China’s favorable policies and cost-effective workforce; |
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| • | | our expectations with respect to revenue and sales and our ability to achieve profitability resulting from increases in production volumes; |
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| • | | our expectations with respect to our ability to secure raw materials in the future; |
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| • | | our future business development, results of operations and financial condition; and |
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| • | | competition from other manufacturers of PV products and conventional energy suppliers. |
YOU SHOULD NOT PLACE UNDUE RELIANCE ON THESE FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS
The forward-looking statements made in this report on Form 10-K relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this report on Form 10-K. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this report and the documents that we reference in this report, including documents referenced by incorporation, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect or hope.
Solar EnerTech Corp. was originally incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on July 7, 2004 as Safer Residence corporation and was reincorporated to the State of Delaware on August 13, 2008 (“Solar Enertech” or the “Company”). The Company engaged in a variety of businesses until March 2006, when the Company began its current operations as a photovoltaic (“PV”) solar energy cell (“PV Cell”) manufacturer. The Company’s management decided that, to facilitate a change in business that was focused on the PV Cell industry, it was appropriate to change the Company’s name. A plan of merger between Safer Residence Corporation and Solar EnerTech Corp., a wholly-owned inactive subsidiary of Safer Residence Corporation, was approved on March 27, 2006, under which the Company was to be renamed “Solar EnerTech Corp.” On April 7, 2006, the Company changed its name to Solar EnerTech Corp.
The Company’s management in February 2008 decided that it was in the Company’s and its shareholders best interests to change the Company’s state of domicile from Nevada to Delaware (the “Reincorporation”). On August 13, 2008, the Company, a Nevada entity at the time, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with Solar EnerTech Corp., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Nevada entity, (the “Delaware Subsidiary”), whereby the Nevada entity merged with and into Delaware Subsidiary in order to effect the Reincorporation. After the Reincorporation, the Nevada entity ceased to exist and the Company survived as a Delaware entity. The Reincorporation was duly approved by both the Company’s Board of Directors and a majority of the Company’s stockholders at its annual meeting of stockholders held on May 5, 2008. On August 13, 2008, the Reincorporation was completed. The Reincorporation into Delaware did not result in any change to the Company’s business, management, employees, directors, capitalization, assets or liabilities
The Company’s goal is to maximize its value through manufacturing and distribution of photovoltaic products globally. To date, the Company has established a 63,000-square-foot manufacturing facility in Shanghai, China. The Company currently has two 25MW solar cell production lines and a 50MW solar module production facility.
The Company has also established a Joint R&D Lab at Shanghai University to research and develop higher-efficiency cells and to put the results of that research to use in its manufacturing processes. Led by one of the industry’s top scientists, the Company expects its R&D program to help bring Solar EnerTech to the forefront of advanced solar technology research and production.
The Company’s future operations are dependent upon the identification and successful completion of additional long-term or permanent equity financing, the support of creditors and stockholders, and, ultimately, the achievement of profitable operations. There can be no assurances that the Company will be successful, which would in turn significantly affect the Company’s ability to roll out its business plan. If not, the Company will likely be required to reduce operations or liquidate assets. The Company will continue to evaluate its projected expenditures relative to its available cash and to seek additional means of financing in order to satisfy the Company’s working capital and other cash requirements.
The public may also read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Rooms by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The SEC’s Internet website is located at http://www.sec.gov.
The Market
Energy generated from PV cells continues to be researched and the resulting products deployed. PV technology is relatively a simple concept: harness the sun’s energy on a solid-state device and generate electricity. In many markets around the world – especially Japan, Germany, Spain and the U.S. – PV electricity has already become a favored energy choice, and within this established base, the technology of PV’s is poised to help transform the energy landscape within the next decade.
Photovoltaic Industry and the World
The photovoltaic industry has made huge improvements in solar cell efficiencies as well as having achieved significant cost reductions. The global photovoltaic industry is expanding rapidly: In the last few years, most solar production has moved and continues to move to Europe and China. Countries like Germany and Spain have had government-incentive programs that have made solar systems more attractive. In the United States, the investment tax credits and production tax credit extensions were passed in October 2008. We expect both the federal and state incentives to play an important role in boosting the use of solar electricity.
The price of electricity produced from solar cells is still significantly more expensive than from fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, especially when environmental costs are not considered. The competitiveness of solar-generated electricity in grid-connected applications is largely a function of electricity rates, which are subject to regulations and taxes that vary from country to country across the world.
With a solar boom being expected globally in the near future and with renewable energy laws being implemented as best-practice models often with attractive solar energy delivery compensation rules as in Germany, solar companies are currently expanding their activities (e.g. to Spain, Italy, France and Greece, and Holland). With growing markets in Southern Europe, Asia and the United States, numerous opportunities exist for competitors in the photovoltaic market.
Compared to other energy technologies, solar power’s benefits include:
| • | | Environmental Superiority. Solar power is one of the most benign electric generation resources. Solar cells and concentrated solar power (“CSP”) systems generate electricity without significant air or water emissions, habitat impact or waste generation; |
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| • | | Price Stability. Unlike fossil fuels, solar energy has no fuel price volatility or delivery risk. Although there is variability in the amount and timing of sunlight, it is predictable, and a properly configured system can be designed to be highly reliable while providing long-term, fixed price electricity; |
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| • | | Location Flexibility. Unlike other renewable resources such as hydroelectric or wind power, solar power can be generated where it is needed. This limits the expense and energy losses associated with transmission and distribution of large, centralized power stations; |
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| • | | Peak Generation. Solar power is well-suited to match peak energy needs as maximum sunlight hours generally correspond to peak demand periods when electricity prices are at their highest; |
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| • | | System Modularity. Solar power products can be deployed in many sizes and configurations to meet the specific needs of the user; and |
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| • | | Reliability. With no moving parts or regular required maintenance, photovoltaic systems are among the most reliable forms of electricity generation. |
Company’s Strategy
The Company’s business strategy includes the acquisition, manufacturing and marketing of innovative PV Cells and modules in order to provide superior solutions to its customers. In so doing, we believe it will generate substantial value for its stockholders while contributing to energy security, and protection of ecosystems.
Principal Products and Services
The essential component in all solar panel applications is the photovoltaic solar cell, which converts the sun’s visible light into electricity. Solar cells are then assembled in modules for specific applications. The Company manufactures PV solar cells, designs and produces advanced PV modules for a variety of applications, such as standard panels for solar power stations, roof panels, solar arrays, and modules incorporated directly into exterior walls.
Marketing Strategy
The primary solar market is currently in Europe, where significant government incentive programs are helping fuel high demand for solar products. The Company’s secondary market is the United States, where the State of California has launched an ambitious One Million Solar Roof incentive program for residences and businesses. With an American marketing and sales office already in place, the Company is well-positioned to meet market demand from its Chinese manufacturing base.
Sales Strategy
The Company manufactures high-quality, high-conversion-rate solar products. By keeping costs low, the Company expects to market its panels, to be trademarked as “SolarE,” at generally lower prices than many of our competitors.
Research & Development
The Company has established a joint Research and Development (“R&D”) laboratory with Shanghai University to facilitate improvements to the Company’s products. The main focus of this research laboratory is to:
| (1) | | Research and test theories of photovoltaics, thermo-physics, the physics of materials and chemistry; |
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| (2) | | Develop efficient and ultra-efficient PV cells with light/electricity conversion rate ranging from 20%-35%; |
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| (3) | | Develop environmentally-friendly high-conversion-rate manufacturing technology for chemical compound film PV cell materials; |
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| (4) | | Develop highly-reliable, low-cost manufacturing technology and equipment for thin-film PV cells; |
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| (5) | | Research and develop key materials for new low-cost flexible-film PV cells and non-vacuum technology; and |
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| (6) | | Research and develop key technologies and fundamental theories for third-generation PV cells. |
Management believes that the joint R&D laboratory will enable the Company to be at the forefront of PV research and development, and hopes to create a valuable comparative advantage over solar cell producers today, with the goal of enabling the Company to become an important solar-cell manufacturer.
The Competition
The solar energy market is highly competitive. Outside China, the Company’s competitors include BP Solar, Kyocera Corporation, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Motech Industries Inc., Sharp Corporation, Q-Cells AG, Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. and Sunpower Corporation. In China, the Company’s primary competitors are Suntech Power Holding’s Co., Ltd., Trina Solar Ltd., Baoding Tianwei Yingli New Energy Resources Co., Ltd. and Nanjing PV-Tech Co., Ltd, Canadian Solar Inc. and Solarfun Power Holdings Co., Ltd.
The Company competes primarily on the basis of the power efficiency, quality, performance and appearance of its products, price, strength of its supply chain and distribution network, after-sales service and brand image. Many of the Company’s competitors have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, greater brand recognition and significantly greater financial and marketing resources than the Company. In addition, with more financial resources, many of the Company’s competitors are able to enter into long-term polysilicon supply contracts which typically require a large advance payment. These long-term supply contracts will generally provide the Company’s competitors with a more steady supply of polysilicon at a lower price than recent spot market prices.
Intellectual Property
The Company is not, at present, the holder of any patents, trademarks or copyrights on its products. The Company intends to trademark the trade name “SolarE” both in Asia and in North America in the future and will, if it is successful in its conduct of research and development activities seek intellectual property protection for such products. Solar cells are not patentable but are in the public domain and the Company’s only protection in producing them is in the know-how or experience of its employees and management in producing its products.
Environmental Regulations
In its manufacturing process, the Company will use, generate and discharge toxic, volatile or otherwise hazardous chemicals and wastes in its manufacturing activities. The Company is subject to a variety of foreign, federal, state and local governmental laws and regulations related to the purchase, storage, use and disposal of hazardous materials. If the Company fails to comply with present or future environmental laws and regulations, the Company could be subject to fines, suspension of production or a cessation of operations. In addition, under some foreign, federal, state and local statutes and regulations, a governmental agency may seek recovery and response costs from operators of property where releases of hazardous substances have occurred or are ongoing, even if the operator was not responsible for the release or otherwise was not at fault.
Management believes that the Company has all environmental permits necessary to conduct its business and has obtained all necessary environmental permits for its facility in Shanghai. Management also believes that the Company has properly handled its hazardous materials and wastes and has appropriately remediated any contamination at any of its premises. The Company is not aware of any pending or threatened environmental investigation, proceeding or action by foreign, federal, state or local agencies, or third parties involving our current facilities. Any failure by the Company to control the use of or to restrict adequately the discharge of, hazardous substances could subject the Company to substantial financial liabilities, operational interruptions and adverse publicity, any of which could materially and adversely affect its business, results of operations and financial condition.
Principal suppliers
We currently purchase silicon wafer, our key raw material, from the spot market.
Employees
As of September 30, 2008, the Company employed approximately 440 people, as follows: the Company’s California office currently has 4 employees and the manufacturing plant in Shanghai currently has 436 employees.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
Investors should carefully consider the risks described below before deciding whether to invest in our common stock. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also impair our business operations and financial results. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. Our filings with the SEC also contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks we face described below. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
We require a significant amount of cash to fund our future capital expenditure requirements and working capital needs. If we cannot obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materially adversely affected and we may not be able to continue as a going concern.
We generated $29.4 million of revenue for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2008. During the same period, we had negative gross margin due to high manufacturing cost associated with our low production volume. In January 2008, we received $19.9 million from the issuance of common stock and Series C warrants, net of the financing costs and we have used the proceeds for working capital and the completion of our first production line.
We require a significant amount of cash to fund our operations. In particular, we will need additional funding for working capital requirements, including payments to suppliers to secure our polysilicon requirements. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is subject to a number of uncertainties, including:
| • | our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows; |
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| • | general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry; and |
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| • | economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere. |
If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materially adversely affected and we may not be able to continue as a going concern.
Our limited operating history may not serve as an adequate basis to judge our future prospects and results of operations.
We were originally incorporated in the State of Nevada in July 2004 and began our current operations in March 2006. On August 13, 2008, we reincorporated to the State of Delaware. We have a limited operating history. As such, our historical operating results may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and future prospects. We may not be able to achieve a similar growth rate in future periods. Accordingly, you should not rely on our results of operations for any prior periods as an indication of our future performance.
Prior to fiscal year 2008, we had a history of losses, which could return if we do not continue to increase our revenue and/or further reduce our costs.
We incurred a net operating loss in all financial periods since inception, except for fiscal year 2008. We have recently completed our second full financial year as a solar industry company. We may be unprofitable for an indeterminate period of time. We expect our operating expenses to increase as we expand our operations. Our ability to achieve profitability depends on the growth rate of the photovoltaic portion of the market, the continued market acceptance of PV products, the competitiveness of products and services as well as our ability to provide new products and services to meet the demands of our customers.
If PV technology is not suitable for widespread adoption, or sufficient demand for PV products does not develop or takes longer to develop than we anticipate, sufficient sales may not develop, which may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The PV market is at a relatively early stage of development and the extent to which PV products will be widely adopted is uncertain. Market data in the PV industry is not as readily available as those in other more established industries where trends can be assessed more reliably from data gathered over a longer period of time. If PV technology proves unsuitable for widespread adoption or if demand for PV products fails to develop sufficiently, we may not be able to grow our business or generate sufficient revenues to become profitable or sustain profitability. In addition, demand for PV products in targeted markets, including China, may not develop or may develop to a lesser extent than we anticipate. Many factors may affect the viability of widespread adoption of PV technology and demand for PV products, including:
| • | | cost-effectiveness of PV products compared to conventional and other non-solar energy sources and products; |
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| • | | performance and reliability of PV products compared to conventional and other non-solar energy sources and products; |
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| • | | availability of government subsidies and incentives to support the development of the PV industry; |
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| • | | success of other alternative energy generation technologies, such as fuel cells, wind power and biomass; |
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| • | | fluctuations in economic and market conditions that affect the viability of conventional and non- solar alternative energy sources, such as increases or decreases in the prices of oil and other fossil fuels; |
| • | | capital expenditures by end users of PV products, which tend to decrease when economy slows down; and |
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| • | | deregulation of the electric power industry and broader energy industry. |
The failure of the market for PV products to develop as we expect it to would have a material adverse effect on our business.
We face intense competition from other companies producing solar energy and other renewable energy products and because we are new to this industry, we are limited in our ability to be competitive.
The PV market is intensely competitive and rapidly evolving. We compete with many companies that have established operations, brand name recognition, a large customer base and substantial financial resources. Many of our competitors have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, greater brand recognition and significantly greater financial and marketing resources than us. They may also have existing relationships with suppliers of silicon wafers, which may give them an advantage in the event of a silicon shortage. We do not represent a significant competitive presence in the PV products industry.
Our failure to refine technology and develop and introduce new PV products could render our anticipated products uncompetitive or obsolete, and reduce our sales and market share, should we develop sales or market share.
The PV industry is rapidly evolving and competitive. We will need to invest significant financial resources in research and development to keep pace with technological advances in the PV industry and to effectively compete in the future. However, research and development activities are inherently uncertain, and we might encounter practical difficulties in commercializing our research results. Our significant expenditures on research and development may not reap corresponding benefits. A variety of competing PV technologies that other companies may develop could prove to be more cost-effective and have better performance than our PV products. Therefore, our development efforts may be rendered obsolete by the technological advances of others. Breakthroughs in PV technologies that do not use crystalline silicon could mean that companies such as us that rely entirely on crystalline silicon would encounter a sudden, sharp drop in sales.
Our failure to further refine our technology and develop and introduce new PV products could render our anticipated products uncompetitive or obsolete, and result in a decline in our market share. We do not have the working capital, at this time, to make a significant investment in research and development activities although we have hired personnel who have significant industry and PV expertise.
Our future success substantially depends on our ability to expand manufacturing capacity and output. Our ability to achieve our expansion goals is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties.
Our future success depends on our ability to significantly expand manufacturing capacity and output. If we are unable to do so, we may be unable to expand our business, decrease our costs per watt, maintain our competitive position and improve profitability. Our ability to establish manufacturing capacity and increase output is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:
| • | | the need to raise significant additional funds to purchase and prepay for raw materials or to buy equipment for our manufacturing facilities, which we may be unable to obtain on reasonable terms or at all; |
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| • | | delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as increases in raw materials prices and problems with manufacturing equipment vendors; |
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| • | | delays or denial of required approvals by relevant government authorities; |
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| • | | diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and |
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| • | | failure to execute our plan of operations effectively. |
If we are unable to expand our manufacturing capacity or to increase manufacturing output, or if we encounter any of the risks described above, we may be unable to expand our business as planned. Moreover, we cannot assure you that if we do establish or expand our manufacturing capacity and output we will be able to generate sufficient customer demand for our PV products to support production levels.
Our inability to obtain sufficient quantities of silicon and silicon wafers at acceptable prices would adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Silicon wafers are the most important raw materials for making PV products. To maintain competitive manufacturing operations, we will depend on our suppliers’ timely delivery of quality silicon wafers in sufficient quantities and at acceptable prices. Silicon wafer suppliers, in turn, depend on silicon manufacturers to supply silicon required for the production of silicon wafers. The significant growth of the PV industry has resulted in a significant increase in demand for silicon and silicon wafers, and some producers have, from time to time, experienced late delivery and supply shortages. In particular, some suppliers of silicon also supply to silicon wafer manufacturers for the semiconductor industry, which typically have greater buying power and market influence than manufacturers for the PV industry. As a result, increases in the demand for silicon from the semiconductor industry may, in the future, result in late deliveries or supply shortages with respect to the specialized silicon that silicon wafer suppliers need as raw materials. Assuming that we are able to manufacture and sell our product as we plan, a shortage of silicon or our inability to get silicon when needed could result in a reduction of manufacturing output, delayed or missed shipments, damaged customer relationships and decreased revenues any of which may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
In addition, we currently purchase silicon wafer, our key raw materials, from the spot market. Silicon wafer price has been volatile in the fourth quarter of calendar year 2008. Should the silicon wafer market price continue to decline, we will need to write down our inventories on hand.
Our dependence on a spot market for key raw materials and customized manufacturing equipment could prevent us from timely delivering our anticipated products to our customers in the required quantities, which could result in order cancellations and decreased revenues.
If we fail to obtain silicon wafer, our key raw material from the spot market, we may be unable to manufacture our products or our products may be available at a higher cost or after a long delay, and we could be prevented from delivering our products to potential customers in the required quantities and at prices that are profitable. Problems of this kind could cause us to experience order cancellations and loss of market share. The failure to obtain materials and components that meet quality, quantity and cost requirements in a timely manner could impair our ability to manufacture products or increase our expected costs.
Our dependence on a limited number of customers may cause significant fluctuations or declines in our revenues.
We will likely have a limited number of customers and will be dependent on these customers for our continued operations. We anticipate that our dependence on a limited number of customers will continue for the foreseeable future. Consequently, any one of the following events may cause material fluctuations or declines in our revenues and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations:
| • | | reduction, delay or cancellation of orders from one or more significant customers; |
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| • | | selection by one or more significant distributor customers of products competitive with ours; |
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| • | | loss of one or more significant customers and failure to identify additional or replacement customers; and |
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| • | | failure of any significant customers to make timely payment for products. |
We face risks associated with the marketing, distribution and sale of PV products internationally, and if we are unable to effectively manage these risks, they could impair our ability to expand our business abroad.
We market PV products outside of China. The marketing, international distribution and sale of PV products exposes us to a number of risks, including:
| • | | fluctuations in currency exchange rates; |
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| • | | difficulty in engaging and retaining distributors who are knowledgeable about and, can function effectively in, overseas markets; |
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| • | | increased costs associated with maintaining marketing efforts in various countries; |
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| • | | difficulty and cost relating to compliance with the different commercial and legal requirements of the overseas markets in which we offer our anticipated products; |
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| • | | inability to obtain, maintain or enforce intellectual property rights; and |
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| • | | trade barriers such as export requirements, tariffs, taxes and other restrictions and expenses, which could increase the prices of our anticipated products and make us less competitive in some countries. |
A significant portion of our revenues and expenses are now denominated in foreign currencies. It has not been our recent practice to engage in the hedging of foreign currency transactions to mitigate foreign currency risk. Therefore, fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies could have a negative impact on the profitability of our global operations, which would seriously harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Our business depends to a significant extent on the continuing efforts of our executive officers. Our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.
Due to their extensive experiences in managing businesses in China, our future success depends to a significant extent on Leo Shi Young, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Shi Jian Yin, our Chief Operating Officer. Our Chief Financial Officer, Anthea Chung, tendered her resignation on October 29, 2008, effective December 22, 2008. We do not maintain key man life insurance on our executive officers or our directors. If Mr. Young or Mr. Yin becomes unable or unwilling to continue in their respective present positions, we may not be able to replace them readily, if at all. In addition, we may not be able to recruit a qualified candidate for our Chief Financial Officer position. In that case our business could be severely disrupted, and we may incur substantial expenses to recruit and retain new officers.
If we are unable to attract, train and retain technical personnel, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
Our future success depends, to a significant extent, on our ability to attract, train and retain technical personnel. Recruiting and retaining capable personnel, particularly those with expertise in the PV industry, are vital to our success. There is substantial competition for qualified technical personnel, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to attract or retain our technical personnel. If we are unable to attract and retain qualified employees, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
We may be exposed to infringement or misappropriation claims by third parties, which, if determined adversely to us, could cause us to pay significant damage awards.
Our success also depends largely on our ability to use and develop our technology and know-how without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. The validity and scope of claims relating to PV technology patents involve complex scientific, legal and factual questions and analysis and, therefore, may be highly uncertain. We may be subject to litigation involving claims of patent infringement or violation of intellectual property rights of third parties. The defense and prosecution of intellectual property suits, patent opposition proceedings and related legal and administrative proceedings can be both costly and time consuming and may significantly divert the efforts and resources of our technical and management personnel. An adverse determination in any such litigation or proceedings to which we may become a party could subject us to significant liability to third parties, require us to seek licenses from third parties, to pay ongoing royalties, or to redesign our anticipated products or subject us to injunctions prohibiting the manufacture and sale of our anticipated products or the use of our technologies. Protracted litigation could also result in our customers or potential customers deferring or limiting their purchase or use of our anticipated products until resolution of such litigation.
Because the currency we use to do business is generally RMB Yuan, fluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business.
Our consolidated financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars but our functional currency is RMB Yuan. Our results may be affected by the foreign exchange rate between U.S. dollars and RMB Yuan. To the extent we hold assets denominated in U.S. dollars, any appreciation of the RMB Yuan against the U.S. dollar could result in a change to our income statement and a reduction in the value of our U.S. dollar denominated assets. On the other hand, a decline in the value of RMB Yuan against the U.S. dollar could reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent amounts of our financial results which may have a material adverse effect on the price of our shares.
We have limited insurance coverage and may incur losses resulting from product liability claims or business interruptions.
We anticipate we will be exposed to risks associated with product liability claims in the event that the use of the PV products we hope to sell results in injury. Since our products are electricity producing devices, it is possible that users could be injured or killed by our products, whether by product malfunctions, defects, improper installation or other causes. We are unable to predict whether product liability claims will be brought against us in the future or the effect of any resulting adverse publicity on our business. Moreover, we do not have any product liability insurance and may not have adequate resources to satisfy a judgment in the event of a successful claim against us. The successful assertion of product liability claims against us could result in potentially significant monetary damages and require us to make significant payments. In addition, as the insurance industry in China is still in an early stage of development, business interruption insurance available in China offers limited coverage compared to that offered in many other countries. We do not have any business interruption insurance. Any business disruption or natural disaster could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources.
Together, our directors own a significant number of shares of our common stock. If our directors act together, they will be able to exert significant influence over, and possibly control, the outcome of all actions requiring stockholder approval.
As of November 30, 2008 our director, President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Leo Shi Young, beneficially owns 15,284,286 shares of our common stock, or approximately 13.59%, of our common stock. Mr. Shi Jian Yin, an executive officer and a director, also beneficially owns 11,100,000 shares of our common stock, or approximately 9.87%, of our common stock. Our executive officers and directors as a group have the ability to control up to 24.72% of our voting stock. As long as management owns such a significant percentage of our common stock, our other stockholders may be unable to affect or change the management or the direction of our company without their support. If they act together, our executive officers and directors will be able to exert significant influence over the outcome of all corporate actions requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, amendments to our certificate of incorporation and approval of significant corporate transactions.
Our net future income, if any, could be adversely affected based on share-based compensation granted to employees and consultants.
The Company will grant options to purchase common stock of the Company to employees and consultants according to the terms of the Company’s Amended and Restated 2007 Equity Incentive Plan and 2008 Restricted Stock Plan. The Company will account for options and restricted shares granted to our directors and employees in accordance with FASB Statement No. 123 (Revised 2004), “Share-Based Payments,” or SFAS 123R, which requires all companies to recognize, as an expense, the fair value of share options, restricted shares and other share-based compensation to employees. As a result, we have to account for compensation costs for all share options and restricted shares using a fair-value based method and recognize expenses in our consolidated statement of operations in accordance with the relevant rules under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP"), which may have a material and adverse effect on our reported earnings. If we try to avoid incurring these compensation costs, we may not be able to attract and retain key personnel, as options to purchase common stock are an important employee recruitment and retention tool. If we grant employee options to purchase common stock or other share-based compensation in the future, our net income could be adversely affected.
Existing regulations and changes to such regulations may present technical, regulatory and economic barriers to the purchase and use of solar power products, which may significantly reduce demand for our products.
The market for electricity generation products is heavily influenced by foreign, federal, state and local government regulations and policies concerning the electric utility industry, as well as internal policies and regulations promulgated by electric utilities. These regulations and policies often relate to electricity pricing and technical interconnection of customer-owned electricity generation. In the United States and in a number of other countries, these regulations and policies are being modified and may continue to be modified. Customer purchases of, or further investment in the research and development of, alternative energy sources, including solar power technology, could be deterred by these regulations and policies, which could result in a significant reduction in the potential demand for our PV products.
The Company is subject to a variety of foreign, federal, state and local governmental laws and regulations related to the purchase, storage, use and disposal of hazardous materials.
In its manufacturing process, the Company will use, generate and discharge toxic, volatile or otherwise hazardous chemicals and wastes in its manufacturing activities. We believe that we have properly handled our hazardous materials and wastes and have appropriately remediated any contamination at any of our premises. If the Company fails to comply with present or future environmental laws and regulations, we could be subject to fines, suspension of production or a cessation of operations. In addition, under some foreign, federal, state and local statutes and regulations, a governmental agency may seek recovery and response costs from operators of property where releases of hazardous substances have occurred or are ongoing, even if the operator was not responsible for the release or otherwise was not at fault. Any failure by us to control the use of or to restrict adequately the discharge of, hazardous substances could subject us to substantial financial liabilities, operational interruptions and adverse publicity, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Because a majority of our products are sold with warranties extending for 25 years, problems with product quality or product performance may cause us to incur warranty expenses. If these expenses are significant, they could have a material adverse affect on our business and results of operations.
The practice in our industry is to offer long product warranties. We offer a product warranty with a term of 25 years. Due to the long warranty period, we bear the risk of extensive warranty claims long after we have shipped the product and recognized the revenues. Because our products are new to the market, we are not able to evaluate their performance for the entire warranty period before we offer them for sale. If our products fail to perform as we expect them to and we are required to cover a significant number of warranty claims, the expenses related to such claims could have a material adverse affect on our business and results of operations.
The reduction or elimination of government economic incentives could prevent us from achieving sales and market share.
We believe that the near-term growth of the market for PV products depends in large part on the availability and size of government and economic incentives. The reduction or elimination of government economic incentives may adversely affect the growth of this market or result in increased price competition, which could prevent us from achieving sales and market share.
Today, the cost of solar power exceeds the cost of power furnished by the electric utility grid in many locations. As a result, federal, state and local government bodies in many countries, most notably Germany, Spain, Japan and the United States, have provided incentives in the form of rebates, tax credits and other incentives to end users, distributors, system integrators and manufacturers of solar power products to promote the use of solar energy in on-grid applications and to reduce dependency on fossil fuels. These government economic incentives could be reduced or eliminated altogether, which would significantly harm our business as we have marketed products in those economies.
We are subject to new corporate governance and internal control reporting requirements, and our costs related to compliance with, or our failure to comply with existing and future requirements, could adversely affect our business.
We face new corporate governance requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as new rules and regulations subsequently adopted by the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. These laws, rules and regulations continue to evolve and may become increasingly stringent in the future. In particular, under rules proposed by the SEC, we were required to include management’s report on internal controls as part of our annual report for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2008 pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Furthermore, under the applicable rules, an attestation report on our internal controls from our independent registered public accounting firm will be included as part of our annual report for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2010. The financial cost of compliance with these laws, rules and regulations is expected to be substantial. We cannot assure you that we will be able to fully comply with these laws, rules and regulations that address corporate governance, internal control reporting and similar matters. Failure to comply with these laws, rules and regulations could materially adversely affect our reputation, financial condition and the value of our securities.
We discovered a weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting. While we are working to correct this weakness and to prevent reoccurrence in the future, we cannot guarantee that our controls will always be effective. In the event our controls are not effective, our business and financial results may suffer.
In our fiscal year 2008 annual report on Form 10-K, our management identified material weaknesses that were discovered as part of our implementation of Section 404 of the Sarbanes—Oxley Act of 2002. The weaknesses were related to the Company’s lack of sufficient number of finance personnel with an appropriate level of knowledge, experience and training in the application of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, which resulted in audit adjustments to our fiscal year 2008 annual consolidated financial statements. A discussion of the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and management’s remediation efforts is available herein under the subheading “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.”
Material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting may materially impact our reported financial results and the market price of our stock could significantly decline. Additionally, adverse publicity related to a material failure of internal control over financial reporting could have a negative impact on our reputation and business.
Risks Related to Doing Business in China
Adverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our anticipated products and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.
All of our business operations are conducted in China and most of our sales are made in China, although we are in the process of attempting to establish US distribution for our future products. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects are affected significantly by economic, political and legal developments in China. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including:
| • | | The amount of government involvement; |
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| • | | The level of development; |
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| • | | The growth rate; |
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| • | | The control of foreign exchange; and |
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| • | | The allocation of resources. |
While the Chinese economy has grown significantly in the past 20 years, the growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us.
The Chinese economy has been transitioning from a planned economy to a more market-oriented economy. Although in recent years the PRC government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of sound corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of the productive assets in China is still owned by the PRC government. The continued control of these assets and other aspects of the national economy by the PRC government could materially and adversely affect our business. The PRC government also exercises significant control over Chinese economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. Efforts by the PRC government to slow the pace of growth of the Chinese economy could result in decreased capital expenditure by solar energy users, which in turn could reduce demand for our anticipated products.
Any adverse change in the economic conditions or government policies in China could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth and the level of renewable energy investments and expenditures in China, which in turn could lead to a reduction in demand for our anticipated products and consequently have a material adverse effect on our businesses.
Uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system could have a material adverse effect on us.
We conduct substantially all of our business through a subsidiary in China. This subsidiary is generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China and, in particular, laws applicable to wholly foreign-owned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involve uncertainties, which may limit legal protections available to us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.
You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in China based on United States or other foreign laws against us or our management.
We conduct a substantial portion of our operations in China and the majority of our assets are located in China. In addition, some of our executive officers reside within China. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process within the United States or in China against us or upon our executive officers, including with respect to matters arising under United States federal securities laws or applicable state securities laws. Moreover, there is uncertainty that the courts of China would enforce judgments of United States courts against us or our directors and officers based on the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state, or entertain an original action brought in China based upon the securities laws of the United States or any state.
Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our revenues effectively.
Foreign exchange transactions by our Shanghai subsidiary under the capital account continue to be subject to significant foreign exchange controls and require the approval of PRC governmental authorities, including the SAFE. We will need to fund our Shanghai subsidiary by means of capital contributions. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future capital contributions by the U.S. Company to our Shanghai subsidiary. If we fail to receive such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds we have received from our fund raising to capitalize our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
Risks Related to an Investment in our Securities
Our stock price is volatile. There is no guarantee that the shares you purchase will appreciate in value or that you will be able to sell your shares at a price that is greater than the price you paid for them.
The trading price of our common stock has been and continues to be subject to fluctuations. The stock price may fluctuate in response to a number of events and factors, such as quarterly variations in operating results, the operating and stock performance of other companies that investors may deem comparable and news reports relating to trends in the marketplace, among other factors. Significant volatility in the market price of our common stock may arise due to factors such as:
| • | | our developing business; |
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| • | | a continued negative cash flow; |
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| • | | relatively low price per share; |
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| • | | relatively low public float; |
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| • | | variations in quarterly operating results; |
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| • | | general trends in the industries in which we do business; |
| • | | the number of holders of our common stock; and |
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| • | | the interest of securities dealers in maintaining a market for our common stock. |
We cannot guarantee you that the shares you purchase will appreciate in value or that you will be able to sell the shares at a price equal to or greater than what you paid for them.
The OTC Bulletin Board is a quotation system, not an issuer listing service, market or exchange. Therefore, buying and selling stock on the OTC Bulletin Board is not as efficient as buying and selling stock through an exchange. As a result, it may be difficult for you to sell your common stock or you may not be able to sell your common stock for an optimum trading price.
The OTC Bulletin Board is a regulated quotation service that displays real-time quotes, last sale prices and volume limitations in over-the-counter securities. Because trades and quotations on the OTC Bulletin Board involve a manual process, the market information for such securities cannot be guaranteed. In addition, quote information, or even firm quotes, may not be available. The manual execution process may delay order processing and intervening price fluctuations may result in the failure of a limit order to execute or the execution of a market order at a significantly different price. Execution of trades, execution reporting and the delivery of legal trade confirmations may be delayed significantly. Consequently, one may not be able to sell shares of our common stock at the optimum trading prices.
When fewer shares of a security are being traded on the OTC Bulletin Board, volatility of prices may increase and price movement may outpace the ability to deliver accurate quote information. Lower trading volumes in a security may result in a lower likelihood of an individual’s orders being executed, and current prices may differ significantly from the price one was quoted by the OTC Bulletin Board at the time of the order entry.
Orders for OTC Bulletin Board securities may not be canceled or edited like orders for other securities. All requests to change or cancel an order must be submitted to, received and processed by the OTC Bulletin Board. Due to the manual order processing involved in handling OTC Bulletin Board trades, order processing and reporting may be delayed, and an individual may not be able to cancel or edit his order. Consequently, one may not able to sell shares of common stock at the optimum trading prices. The dealer’s spread (the difference between the bid and ask prices) may be large and may result in substantial losses to the seller of securities on the OTC Bulletin Board if the common stock or other security must be sold immediately. Further, purchasers of securities may incur an immediate “paper” loss due to the price spread. Moreover, dealers trading on the OTC Bulletin Board may not have a bid price for securities bought and sold through the OTC Bulletin Board. Due to the foregoing, demand for securities that are traded through the OTC Bulletin Board may be decreased or eliminated.
We are subject to the penny stock rules and these rules may adversely affect trading in our common stock.
Our common stock is a “low-priced” security under rules promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In accordance with these rules, broker-dealers participating in transactions in low-priced securities must first deliver a risk disclosure document which describes the risks associated with such stocks, the broker-dealer duties in selling the stock, the customer’s rights and remedies and certain market and other information. Furthermore, the broker-dealer must make a suitability determination approving the customer for low-priced stock transactions based on the customer’s financial situation, investment experience and objectives. Broker-dealers must also disclose these restrictions in writing to the customer, obtain specific written consent from the customer, and provide monthly account statements to the customer. The effect of these restrictions probably decreases the willingness of broker-dealers to make a market in our common stock, decreases liquidity of our common stock and increases transaction costs for sales and purchases of our common stock as compared to other securities.
There may be a limited market for our securities and we may fail to qualify for another listing.
In the event that our common stock fails to qualify for continued inclusion on OTC Bulletin Board our common stock could become quoted in what are commonly referred to as the “pink sheets.” Under such circumstances, it may be more difficult to dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations, for our common stock, and our common stock would become substantially less attractive to certain investors, such as financial institutions and hedge funds.
The execution of our business plan will require substantial funds. Our stockholders may be adversely affected if we issue additional debt or equity securities to obtain financing.
We will require substantial funds to execute our business plan. We anticipate that such funds will be obtained from external sources and intend to seek additional equity or debt financing to fund future operations. Additional funding may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. Additional funding may only be available on terms that may, for example, cause substantial dilution to common stockholders, and have liquidation preferences or pre-emptive rights. If we raise additional funds by issuing debt or equity securities, existing stockholders may be adversely affected because new investors may have rights superior to those of current stockholders, and current stockholders may be diluted.
In March 2007, we sold units consisting of Series A and Series B Convertible Notes and Series A and Series B Warrants. The Series A and Series B Notes include provisions that allow the note holders to participate in purchases of our common stock and provide for anti-dilution protection that will, in certain instances, reduce the conversion price. If these adjustments are made, your investment in our common stock will be diluted.
If, during the time that the Series A or Series B Convertible Notes are outstanding, we sell or grant any options, convertible securities or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the holders of our common stock, then the holders of the Series A and Series B Convertible Notes will receive these same purchase rights, as though the Series A and Series B Convertible Notes had been converted into common stock.
With certain very limited exceptions, if we issue or sell (or are deemed to have issued or sold) shares of our common stock for a consideration per share that is less than the conversion price required by the Series A and Series B Convertible Notes, then the conversion price will be reduced and the number of shares of common stock to be received on conversion will be adjusted.
Likewise, if we grant certain options or if we sell or are deemed to have sold any convertible securities, the exercise price or the conversion price of which is lower than the conversion price required by the Series A or Series B Convertible Notes, then the shares of common stock represented by the options or convertible securities will be deemed to be outstanding and the conversion price required by the Series A or Series B Convertible Notes will be reduced to the lowest price per share for which one share of common stock is issuable upon exercise of the option or conversion of the convertible security. Finally, any increase or decrease in the exercise price of an option or in the conversion price of a convertible security will require an adjustment to the conversion price of the Series A and Series B Convertible Notes and an adjustment to the number of shares to be issued upon conversion. However, no adjustment will be made if the adjustment would result in an increase to the conversion price or a decrease in the number of shares to be received by the holders of the Series A and Series B Convertible Notes upon conversion.
A reduction in the conversion price resulting from any of the foregoing would allow holders of the Series A and Series B Convertible Notes to receive more shares of common stock than they would otherwise be entitled to receive. In that case, an investment in our common stock would be diluted to a greater extent than it would be if no adjustment to the conversion price were required to be made.
We have no immediate plans to pay dividends.
We have not paid any cash dividends to date and do not expect to pay dividends for the foreseeable future. We intend to retain earnings, if any, as necessary to finance the operation and expansion of our business.
We have raised substantial amounts of capital in private placements and if we inadvertently failed to comply with the applicable securities laws, ensuing rescission rights or lawsuits would severely damage our financial position.
Some securities offered in our private placements were not registered under the Securities Act or any state “blue sky” law in reliance upon exemptions from such registration requirements. Such exemptions are highly technical in nature and if we inadvertently failed to comply with the requirements or any of such exemptions, investors would have the right to rescind their purchase of our securities or sue for damages. If one or more investors were to successfully seek such rescission or prevail in any such suit, we would face severe financial demands that could materially and adversely affect our financial position. Financings that may be available to us under current market conditions frequently involve sales at prices below the prices at which our common stock currently is reported on the OTC Bulletin Board, as well as the issuance of warrants or convertible securities at a discount to market price.
If the world-wide financial crisis intensifies, potential disruptions in the capital and credit markets may adversely affect the Company, including adversely affecting the availability and cost of short-term funds for the Company’s liquidity requirements and the Company’s ability to meet its long-term commitments, which in turn could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
The Company relies on its cash reserves to fund short-term liquidity needs if internal funds are not available from the Company’s operations. With a limited amount of cash reserves, disruptions in the capital and credit markets could adversely affect the Company’s ability to raise additional cash as may be needed.
Longer-term disruptions in the capital and credit markets as a result of uncertainty, changing or tightened regulation, reduced financing alternatives or failures of significant financial institutions could adversely affect the Company’s access to liquidity needed in its businesses. Any disruption could require the Company to take measures to conserve cash until the markets stabilize or until alternative credit arrangements or other funding for business needs can be arranged. Such measures could include deferring capital expenditures, as well as reducing or eliminating other discretionary uses of cash.
Many of the Company’s customers and suppliers also have exposure to risks that their businesses are adversely affected by the current worldwide financial crisis and resulting potential disruptions in the capital and credit markets. In the event that any of the Company’s significant customers or suppliers, or a significant number of smaller customers and suppliers, are adversely affected by these risks, the Company may face disruptions in supply, significant reductions in demand for its products and services, inability of customers to pay invoices when due, and other adverse effects that could negatively affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and/or cash flows.
None
All of our properties are leased and we do not own any real property.
We lease a 42,000 square foot manufacturing and research facility in Shanghai’s Jinqiao Modern Science and Technology Park. The lease expires on February 19, 2011. The termination clause in the agreement requires a notice of three months. Monthly costs are $20,000. We leased the second manufacturing facility with 21,000 square feet in August 2007 with monthly rent of $11,000. The lease expires in August 2010.
The Company also has an operating lease for 9,000 square foot of office space in Shanghai, at a monthly cost of $29,000. The lease expires in May 2010, can be renewed with a three-month advance notice, and cannot be terminated prior to expiration.
Finally, the Company leases 400 square feet of office space in Menlo Park, in Northern California’s Silicon Valley, to handle our United States operations.
We consider these facilities adequate to meet our current needs.
From time to time, we may be engaged in various legal proceedings incidental to our normal business activities. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
None.
Our common stock is traded on the NASD’s Over-The-Counter Bulletin Board (“OTCBB”) under the symbol “SOEN.OB.” The following table shows, for the periods indicated, the high and low closing prices of common stock, as reported by the NASDAQ daily trading data.
| | Year Ended September 30, | | Year Ended September 30, | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | |
| | High | | | Low | | High | | Low | |
| | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter | | $ | 1.30 | | | $ | 0.82 | | | $ | 1.28 | | | $ | 0.73 | |
Second Quarter | | $ | 1.65 | | | $ | 0.47 | | | $ | 1.86 | | | $ | 0.73 | |
Third Quarter | | $ | 0.86 | | | $ | 0.55 | | | $ | 1.96 | | | $ | 1.37 | |
Fourth Quarter | | $ | 0.69 | | | $ | 0.40 | | | $ | 1.71 | | | $ | 0.87 | |
As of September 30, 2008, there were 55 stockholders of record of the common stock (which does not include the number of persons or entities holding stock in nominee or street name through various brokerage firms).
Dividends
We have neither declared nor paid any cash dividends on our capital stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Our current policy is to retain any earnings in order to finance the expansion of our operations. Our Board of Directors will determine future declaration and payment of dividends, if any, in light of the then-current conditions they deem relevant and in accordance with applicable corporate law.
Authorized Shares
On May 5, 2008, the Company’s stockholders approved an increase of the Company’s authorized capital stock from 200 million common shares with a par value of $0.001 to 400 million common shares with a par value of $0.001. The increasing of the Company’s authorized capital was effected in conjunction with the Company’s reincorporation into the State of Delaware.
Amended and Restated 2007 Equity Incentive Plan
On September 24, 2007, our Board of Directors approved the adoption of the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”). The 2007 Plan provides for the issuance of a maximum of 10 million shares of common stock in connection with awards under the 2007 Plan. Such awards may include stock options, restricted stock purchase rights, restricted stock bonuses and restricted stock unit awards. The 2007 Plan may be administered by the Company’s Board of Directors or a committee duly appointed by the Board of Directors and has a term of 10 years. Participation in the 2007 Plan is limited to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries and other affiliates. Options granted under the 2007 Plan must have an exercise price per share not less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the 2007 Plan may not have a term exceeding 10 years. Awards will vest upon conditions established by the Board of Directors or its duly appointed Committee. Subject to the requirements and limitations of section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, in the event of a Change in Control (as defined in the 2007 Plan), the Board of Directors may provide for the acceleration of the exercisability or vesting and/settlement of any award, the Board of Directors may provide for a cash-out of awards or the Acquirer (as defined in the 2007 Plan) may either assume or continue the Company’s rights and obligations under any awards.
On February 5, 2008, the Board of Directors adopted the Amended and Restated 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Amended 2007 Plan”), which increases the number of shares authorized for issuance from 10 million to 15 million shares of common stock and was to be effective upon approval of the Company’s stockholders and upon the Company’s reincorporation into the State of Delaware.
On May 5, 2008, at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the Company’s stockholders approved the Amended 2007 Plan. On August 13, 2008, the Company reincorporated into the State of Delaware.
On May 9, 2008, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the repricing of all outstanding options issued to current employees, directors, officers and consultants prior to February 5, 2008 under the 2007 Plan to $0.62, determined in accordance with the 2007 Plan as the closing price for shares of Common Stock on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board on the date of the repricing.
As of September 30, 2008, the Board of Directors has granted options to purchase 7,660,625 shares of our common stock to our employees, director and consultants pursuant to the Amended 2007 Plan.
2008 Restricted Stock Plan
On August 19, 2008, Mr. Leo Young, our Chief Executive Officer, entered into a Stock Option Cancellation and Share Contribution Agreement with Jean Blanchard, a former officer, to provide for (i) the cancellation of a stock option agreement by and between Mr. Young and Ms. Blanchard dated on or about March 1, 2006 and (ii) the contribution to the Company by Ms. Blanchard of the remaining 25,250,000 shares of common stock underlying the cancelled Option Agreement.
On the same day, an Independent Committee of the Company’s Board adopted the 2008 Restricted Stock Plan (the “2008 Plan”) providing for the issuance of 25,250,000 shares of restricted common stock to be granted to the Company’s employees pursuant to forms of restricted stock agreements.
The 2008 Plan provides for the issuance of a maximum of 25,250,000 shares of restricted stock in connection with awards under the 2008 Plan. The 2008 Plan is administered by the Company’s Compensation Committee, a subcommittee of our Board of Directors, and has a term of 10 years. Participation is limited to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries and other affiliates. During any period in which shares acquired pursuant to the 2008 Plan remain subject to vesting conditions, the participant shall have all of the rights of a stockholder of the Company holding shares of stock, including the right to vote such shares and to receive all dividends and other distributions paid with respect to such shares. If a participant terminates his or her service for any reason (other than death or disability), or the participant’s service is terminated by the Company for cause, then the participant shall forfeit to the Company any shares acquired by the participant which remain subject to vesting Conditions as of the date of the participant’s termination of service. If a participant’s service is terminated by the Company without cause, or due to the death or disability of the participant, then the vesting of any restricted stock award shall be accelerated in full as of the effective date of the participant’s termination of service.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan Category | | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) | | | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) | | | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column a) (c) | |
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | | | 7,660,625 | (1) | | $ | 0.62 | | | | 7,339,375 | |
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | |
(1) Represents options to purchase common stock issued pursuant to the terms of 2007 Plan, as amended and restated.
a — Our common stock is currently quoted by the Over-The-Counter Bulletin Board under the symbol “SOEN.OB”.
b — We have approximately 55 record holders on September 30, 2008.
c — No cash dividend has been declared.
Rules Governing Low-Price Stocks that May Affect Our Stockholders’ Ability to Resell Shares of Our Common Stock
Our stock trades under the symbol “SOEN.OB” on the NASD’s OTCBB.
Quotations on the OTCBB reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, markdown or commission and may not reflect actual transactions. Our common stock may be subject to certain rules adopted by the SEC that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in “penny stocks”. Penny stocks generally are securities with a price of less than $5.00, other than securities registered on certain national exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQ system, provided that the exchange or system provides current price and volume information with respect to transaction in such securities. The additional sales practice and disclosure requirements imposed upon broker-dealers may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our shares which could severely limit the market liquidity of the shares and impede the sale of our shares in the secondary market.
The penny stock rules require broker-dealers, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to make a special suitability determination for the purchaser to receive the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction prior to sale, to deliver standardized risk disclosure documents prepared by the SEC that provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer must also provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock. In addition, the penny stock regulations require the broker-dealer to deliver, prior to any transaction involving a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prepared by the SEC relating to the penny stock market, unless the broker-dealer or the transaction is otherwise exempt. A broker-dealer is also required to disclose commissions payable to the broker-dealer and the registered representative and current quotations for the securities. Finally, a broker-dealer is required to send monthly statements disclosing recent price information with respect to the penny stock held in a customer’s account and information with respect to the limited market in penny stocks.
As a Smaller Reporting Company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this Item 6.
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements. In some cases, readers can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continue.” These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those stated herein. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1, “Risks Related to Our Business,” “Risks Related to Doing Business in China” and “Risks Related to an Investment in Our Securities” as well as in Item 1, “Description of Business” and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should carefully review these risks and also review the risks described in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q that we will file. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, and we expressly assume no obligations to update the forward-looking statements in this report that occur after the date hereof.
Company Description and Overview
We originally incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on July 7, 2004 and reincorporated to the State of Delaware on August 13, 2008. We engaged in a variety of businesses, including home security assistance, until March 2006, when we began our current operations. We manufacture and sell photovoltaic (commonly known as “PV”) cells and modules. PV modules consist of solar cells that produce electricity from the sun’s rays. Our manufacturing operations consisted of one 25MW solar cell production line and 50MW of solar module production facility. Subsequent to September 30, 2008, we completed construction of our second 25MW solar cell production line. Our 63,000 square foot manufacturing facility is located in Shanghai, China.
Our solar cells and modules are sold under the brand name “SolarE”. Our total revenue for fiscal year 2008 was $29.4 million and our end users are mainly in Europe. In anticipation of entering the US market, we had established a marketing, purchasing and distribution office in Menlo Park, California. Our goal is to become a worldwide supplier of PV cells and modules.
We purchase our key raw materials, silicon wafer, from the spot market. We do not have a long term contract with any silicon supplier. However, on August 21, 2008, we entered into an equity purchase agreement with 21-Century Silicon, Inc., a polysilicon manufacturer based in Dallas, Texas (“21-Century Silicon”) to acquire two million shares of common stock, for $1 million cash. The two million shares acquired by the Company constitute approximately 7.8% of 21-Century Silicon’s outstanding equity. Related to the equity purchase agreement, the Company has also signed a memorandum of understanding with 21-Century Silicon for a four-year supply framework agreement for polysilicon shipments. Through its proprietary technology, processes and methods, 21-Century Silicon is planning to manufacture solar-grade polysilicon at a lower manufacturing and plant setup cost, as well as a shorter plant setup time than those of its major competitors. If its manufacturing goals are met, 21-Century Silicon's customers, in turn, will benefit from the Company's cost advantages and will expect to receive a high-purity product at a price significantly lower than that offered elsewhere within the industry.
In December 2006, we entered into a joint venture with Shanghai University to operate a research facility to study various aspects of advanced PV technology. Our joint venture with Shanghai University is for shared investment in research and development on fundamental and applied technologies in the fields of semi-conductive photovoltaic theory, materials, cells and modules. The agreement calls for Shanghai University to provide equipment, personnel and facilities for joint laboratories. It is our responsibility to provide funding, personnel and facilities for conducting research and testing. Research and development achievements from this joint research and development agreement will be available for use by both parties. We are entitled to the intellectual property rights, including copyrights and patents, obtained as a result of this research. The research and development we will undertake pursuant to this agreement includes the following:
| • | | we plan to research and test theories of PV, thermo-physics, physics of materials and chemistry; |
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| • | | we plan to develop efficient and ultra-efficient PV cells with light/electricity conversion rates ranging from 20% to 35%; |
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| • | | we plan to develop environmentally friendly high conversion rate manufacturing technology of chemical compound film PV cell materials; |
| • | | we plan to develop highly reliable, low-cost manufacturing technology and equipment for thin film PV cells; |
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| • | | we plan to research and develop key material for low-cost flexible film PV cells and non-vacuum technology; and |
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| • | | we plan to research and develop key technology and fundamental theory for third-generation PV cells. |
To date, we have raised money for the development of our business through the sale of our equity securities. On January 11, 2008, we sold 24,318,181 shares of our common stock and 24,318,181 Series C warrants to purchase shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $21.4 million in a private placement offering to accredited investors. The exercise price of the warrants is $1.00 per share. The warrants are exercisable for a period of 5 years from the date of issuance of the warrants. We used the net proceeds from the offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. In March 2007 we also raised $17.3 million through sales of units consisting of our Series A and Series B Convertible Notes and warrants. The proceeds were used to complete our production line and working capital purpose.
Our future operations are dependent upon the identification and successful completion of additional long-term or permanent equity financing, the support of creditors and shareholders, and, ultimately, the achievement of profitable operations. Other than as discussed in this report, we know of no trends, events or uncertainties that are reasonably likely to impact our future liquidity.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007
Revenues, Cost of Sales and Gross Margin
| | Year Ended September 30, 2008 | | | Year Ended September 30, 2007 | | | Year-Over-Year Change | |
| | Amount | | | % of net sales | | | Amount | | | % of net sales | | | Amount | | | % of change | |
Net sales | | $ | 29,412,000 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 5,573,000 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 23,839,000 | | | | 427.8 | % |
Cost of sales | | | (33,104,000 | ) | | | (112.6 | )% | | | (5,934,000 | ) | | | (106.5 | )% | | | (27,170,000 | ) | | | 457.9 | % |
Gross profit (loss) | | $ | (3,692,000 | ) | | | (12.6 | )% | | $ | (361,000 | ) | | | (6.5 | )% | | $ | (3,331,000 | ) | | | 922.7 | % |
For the year ended September 30, 2008, the Company reported total revenue of $29.4 million, representing an increase of $23.8 million or 427.8% compared to $5.6 million of revenue in the same period of fiscal year 2007. The increase in revenue resulted from an increase in solar module sales of $23.8 million and contract manufacturing revenue of $1.3 million, partially offset by lower solar cell sales and resale of raw material of $1.3 million. Our revenue increased significantly in fiscal year 2008 as we ramped up our production capacity during the year. We generated revenue from the resale of raw materials such as silicon wafer because we were over-stocked due to our still-limited production capability during the beginning of fiscal year 2008. For contract manufacturing arrangements, we produced modules based on requirements specified by the customer.
For the year ended September 30, 2008, we incurred a negative gross margin of $3.7 million compared to $0.4 million in the same period of fiscal year 2007. The increase of $3.3 million was mainly from higher manufacturing costs due to increased raw material cost and production inefficiencies associated with our low production volume. In addition, the market price for silicon wafers dropped significantly during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2008 and as a result of a lower of cost or market inventory valuation analysis, the Company recorded a $1.0 million inventory write down.
Selling, general and administrative
| | Year Ended September 30, 2008 | | | Year Ended September 30, 2007 | | | Year-Over-Year Change | |
| | Amount | | | % of net sales | | | Amount | | | % of net sales | | | Amount | | | % of change | |
Selling, general & administrative | | $ | 11,778,000 | | | | 40.0 | % | | $ | 11,865,000 | | | | 212.9 | % | | $ | (87,000 | ) | | | (0.7 | )% |
For the year ended September 30, 2008, we incurred selling, general and administrative expense of $11.8 million, representing a decrease of $0.1 million or 0.7% from $11.9 million in the same period of fiscal year 2007. Selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of net sales for the year ended September 30, 2008 decreased to 40.0% from 212.9% for fiscal year 2007. The selling, general and administrative expense included stock-based compensation expense related to employee options of $5.6 million and $9.3 million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The overall increase in the selling, general and administrative expense excluding stock-based compensation expense was approximately $3.6 million, primarily from $1.0 million of indemnification provided by the Company to Mr. Young for any liabilities he may incur as a result of previous stock options granted to him by Ms. Blanchard, a former officer, in conjunction with consolidation of Infotech into the Company on August 19, 2008, $0.5 million of interest expense and penalties related to the withholding tax liability due to exercise of stock options by Mr. Young in fiscal year 2006, and increases in professional fees, the number of additional employees hired as we grow our business, and increased sales and marketing activities.
Research & development
| | Year Ended September 30, 2008 | | | Year Ended September 30, 2007 | | | Year-Over-Year Change | |
| | Amount | | | % of net sales | | | Amount | | | % of net sales | | | Amount | | | % of change | |
Research & development | | $ | 702,000 | | | | 2.4 | % | | $ | 198,000 | | | | 3.6 | % | | $ | 504,000 | | | | 254.5 | % |
Research and development expense represents expense incurred in-house as well as for the joint research and development program with Shanghai University. Research and development expense in the year ended September 30, 2008 of $0.7 million, represented an increase of $0.5 million or 254.5% over $0.2 million for the year ended September 30, 2007. Research and development expense as a percentage of net sales for the year ended September 30, 2008 decreased to 2.4% from 3.6% for fiscal year 2007. The research and development expense increased mainly as a result of our commitments to fund our development contract with Shanghai University. In accordance with our joint research and development laboratory agreement with Shanghai University, dated December 15, 2006 and expiring on December 15, 2016, we are committed to funding an additional $3.9 million in the next 3 years. The delay in the payment of remaining fiscal years 2007 and 2008 commitments of $904,000 could lead to Shanghai University requesting the Company pay the committed amount within a short time frame. If the Company does not pay and is unable to correct the breach within the requested time frame, Shanghai University could seek compensation up to an additional 15% of the total committed amount for approximately $660,000. As of the date of this report, we have not received any compensation request from Shanghai University. We expect to increase our funding to research and development activities as we grow our business.
Loss on debt extinguishment
| | Year Ended September 30, 2008 | | | Year Ended September 30, 2007 | | | Year-Over-Year Change |
| | Amount | | | % of net sales | | | Amount | | | % of net sales | | | Amount | | % of change |
Loss on debt extinguishment | | $ | 4,240,000 | | | | 14.4 | % | | $ | - | | | | 0.0 | % | | $ | 4,240,000 | | *NM |
*NM= Not measureable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For the year ended September 30, 2008, we incurred a loss on debt extinguishment of $4.2 million. That loss was the result of a loss of $4.6 million related to converting Series A and B convertible notes into shares of common stock. The loss was partially offset by a gain of $0.4 million on settlement of loan due to Coach Capital LLC and Infotech Essentials Ltd.
Other income (expense)
| | Year Ended September 30, 2008 | | | Year Ended September 30, 2007 | | | Year-Over-Year Change | |
| | Amount | | | % of net sales | | | Amount | | | % of net sales | | | Amount | | | % of change | |
Interest income | | $ | 87,000 | | | | 0.3 | % | | $ | 62,000 | | | | 1.1 | % | | $ | 25,000 | | | | 40.3 | % |
Interest expense | | | (1,035,000 | ) | | | (3.5 | )% | | | (1,086,000 | ) | | | (19.5 | )% | | | 51,000 | | | | (4.7 | )% |
Loss on issuance of convertible notes | | | - | | | | 0.0 | % | | | (15,209,000 | ) | | | (272.9 | )% | | | 15,209,000 | | | | (100.0 | )% |
Gain (loss) on change in fair market value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
of compound embedded derivative | | | 13,767,000 | | | | 46.8 | % | | | (200,000 | ) | | | (3.6 | )% | | | 13,967,000 | | | | (6983.5 | )% |
Gain (loss) on change in fair market value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
of warrant liability | | | 13,978,000 | | | | 47.5 | % | | | (290,000 | ) | | | (5.2 | )% | | | 14,268,000 | | | | (4920.0 | )% |
Other expense | | | (846,000 | ) | | | (2.9 | )% | | | (285,000 | ) | | | (5.1 | )% | | | (561,000 | ) | | | 196.8 | % |
Total other income (expense) | | $ | 25,951,000 | | | | 88.2 | % | | $ | (17,008,000 | ) | | | (305.2 | )% | | $ | 42,959,000 | | | | (252.6 | )% |
For the year ended September 30, 2008, total other income was $26.0 million, representing an increase of $43.0 million or 252.6% over total other expense of $17.0 million for the same period of fiscal year 2007. Other income as a percentage of net sales for the year ended September 30, 2008 increased to 88.2% from negative 305.2% for fiscal year 2007.
We incurred interest expenses of $1.0 million and $1.1 million in fiscal years ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively primarily related to the 6% interest charges on Series A and B convertible notes.
In fiscal year ended September 30, 2008, we recorded a gain on a change in fair market value of a compound embedded derivative of $13.8 million and a gain on change in fair market value of warrant liability of $14.0 million compared to a loss on change in fair market value of compound embedded derivative of $0.2 million and a loss on change in fair market value of warrant liability of $0.3 million during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2007.
Other expense for the year ended September 30, 2008 was $0.8 million, representing an increase of $0.6 million or 196.8% compared to other expense of $0.3 million for the same period of fiscal year 2007. The increase in other expense from fiscal year 2007 to fiscal year 2008 was primarily due to foreign exchange losses on transactions denominated in foreign currencies.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
| | Year Ended September 30, | | | | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | Change | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 3,238,000 | | | $ | 3,908,000 | | | $ | (670,000 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating activities | | $ | (10,181,000 | ) | | $ | (12,734,000 | ) | | $ | 2,553,000 | |
Investing activities | | | (10,499,000 | ) | | | (3,913,000 | ) | | | (6,586,000 | ) |
Financing activities | | | 19,887,000 | | | | 17,160,000 | | | | 2,727,000 | |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | | | 123,000 | | | | 596,000 | | | | (473,000 | ) |
Net decrease (increase) in cash and cash equivalents | | $ | (670,000 | ) | | $ | 1,109,000 | | | $ | (1,779,000 | ) |
As of September 30, 2008 and 2007, we had cash and cash equivalents of $3.2 million and $3.9 million, respectively. During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we funded our operations from private sales of equity securities and loans. We require a significant amount of cash to fund our operations. Changes in our operating plans, an increase in our inventory, increased expenses, additional acquisitions, or other events, may cause us to seek additional equity or debt financing in the future.
Net cash used in operating activities were $10.2 million and $12.7 million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The decrease of $2.6 million net cash used in operating activities was mainly due to higher net income in fiscal year 2008 of $5.5 million compared to fiscal year 2007 net loss of $29.4 million. In addition, the net cash used in operating activities decreased due to favorable changes in operating assets of $15.9 million primarily resulted from lower advanced payment for raw material and lower inventory balance, partially offset by unfavorable changes in operating liabilities of $6.6 million primarily resulted from lower accounts payable related to inventory purchases. The decrease of net cash used in operating activities was partially offset by $41.8 million of lower non-cash items adjustments mainly from gain on change in fair market value of warrant liability, gain on change in fair market value of compound embedded derivatives, loss on issuance of convertible notes and stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by loss on debt extinguishment.
Net cash used in investment activities were $10.5 million and $3.9 million in the fiscal years ended September 30, 2008 and 2007. The increase of $6.6 million in investing activities was due to increased investment in our manufacturing facility and production lines in Shanghai, China.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were $19.9 million and $17.2 million, respectively. The increase of $2.7 million was mainly due to proceeds of $19.9 million in January 2008 from issuing common stock and warrants, net of financing cost through private equity financing. That compares to proceeds of $16.0 million received in March 2007 from issuing convertible notes and warrants, net of deferred financing costs through private equity financing.
Our exchange difference is primarily from exchange gains from balances held in Chinese Renminbi (RMB). The exchange rates at September 30, 2008 and 2007 were 1 U.S. dollar for RMB 6.8183 and 1 U.S. dollar for RMB 7.5108, respectively.
Our current cash requirements are significant because, aside from our operational expenses, we are building our inventory of silicon wafers as we ramp-up our cell production capability to 50MW. The cost of silicon wafers, which is the primary cost of sales for our SolarE solar modules, is currently volatile and we are uncertain of the extent to which this will affect our working capital in the near future. We will also need additional funding for new machinery and equipment in order to increase our production capacity. If we are not able to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms or at all, we may curtail our operations or take actions to reduce cost in order to continue our operations for the next 12 months
Contractual Obligations
The contractual obligations presented in the table below represent our estimates of future payments under fixed contractual obligations and commitments. Changes in our business needs and other factors may result in actual payments differing from these estimates. The following table summarizes our fixed contractual obligations and commitments as of September 30, 2008:
| | | | | Payments Due by Period | |
| | Total | | | Less than 1 year | | | 1 to 3 years | | | 4 to 5 year | | | More than 5 years | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating lease | | $ | 1,130,000 | | | $ | 709,000 | | | $ | 421,000 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Capital investments | | | 3,897,000 | | | | 1,843,000 | | | | 2,054,000 | | | | - | | | | - | |
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Total contractual obligations | | $ | 5,027,000 | | | $ | 2,552,000 | | | $ | 2,475,000 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In addition, on August 21, 2008 the Company entered into an equity purchase agreement in which it acquired two million shares of common stock of 21-Century Silicon, Inc., a polysilicon manufacturer based in Dallas, Texas (“21-Century Silicon”) for $1 million cash. The two million shares acquired by the Company constitute approximately 7.8% of 21-Century Silicon’s outstanding equity. The equity purchase agreement further provides that the Company would acquire an additional two million shares upon 21-Century Silicon meeting certain milestones.
Under the terms of this agreement, the Company acquired two million shares of newly issued common stock at a purchase price of $0.50 per share, and would acquire an additional two million shares at the same per share price upon the first polysilicon shipment meeting the quality specifications determined solely by the Company. Related to the equity purchase agreement, the Company has also signed a memorandum of understanding with 21-Century Silicon for a four-year supply framework agreement for polysilicon shipments. The first material polysilicon shipment from 21-Century Silicon is expected in the second quarter of 2009.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.
Our management routinely makes judgments and estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. As the number of variables and assumptions affecting the probable future resolution of the uncertainties increase, these judgments become even more subjective and complex. We have identified the following accounting policies, described below, as the most important to an understanding of our current financial condition and results of operations.
Principles of consolidation and basis of accounting
Prior to August 19, 2008, the Company operated its business in the People’s Republic of China through Infotech Hong Kong New Energy Technologies, Limited (“Infotech HK”) and Solar EnerTech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd (“Infotech Shanghai” and together with Infotech HK, “Infotech”). While the Company did not own Infotech, the Company’s financial statements have included the results of the financials of each of Infotech HK and Infotech Shanghai since these entities were wholly-controlled variable interest entities of the Company through an Agency Agreement dated April 10, 2006 by and between the Company and Infotech (the “Agency Agreement”). Under the Agency Agreement the Company engaged Infotech to undertake all activities necessary to build a solar technology business in China, including the acquisition of manufacturing facilities and equipment, employees and inventory. The Agency Agreement continued through April 10, 2008 and then on a month to month basis thereafter until terminated by either party.
To permanently consolidate Infotech with the Company through legal ownership, the Company acquired Infotech at a nominal amount on August 19, 2008 through a series of agreements. In connection with executing these agreements, the Company terminated the original agency relationship with Infotech.
The Company had previously consolidated the financial statements of Infotech with its financial statements pursuant to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R) due to the agency relationship between the Company and Infotech, notwithstanding the termination of the Agency Agreement, the Company continues to consolidate the financial statements of Infotech with its financial statements since Infotech became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company as a result of the acquisition.
Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Solar EnerTech Corp. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in U.S. dollars and in accordance with the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Currency and foreign exchange
The Company’s functional currency is the Renminbi as substantially all of our operations are in China. The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar.
Transactions and balances originally denominated in U.S. dollars are presented at their original amounts. Transactions and balances in other currencies are converted into U.S. dollars in accordance with SFAS No. 52, Foreign Currency Translation, and are included in determining net income or loss.
For foreign operations with the local currency as the functional currency, assets and liabilities are translated from the local currencies into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at weighted average exchange rates for the period to approximate translation at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates those elements are recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency consolidated financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining comprehensive loss.
Fair Value of Warrants
Warrants issued in March 2007
The Company’s management used the binomial valuation model to value the warrants issued in conjunction with convertible notes entered into in March 2007. The model uses inputs such as implied term, suboptimal exercise factor, volatility, dividend yield and risk free interest rate. Selection of these inputs involves management’s judgment and may impact estimated value. Management selected the binomial model to value these warrants as opposed to the Black-Scholes model primarily because management believes the binomial model produces a more reliable value for these instruments because it uses an additional valuation input factor, the suboptimal exercise factor, which accounts for expected holder exercise behavior which management believes is a reasonable assumption with respect to the holders of these warrants.
Stock-Based Compensation
On January 1, 2006, Solar EnerTech began recording compensation expense associated with stock options and other forms of employee equity compensation in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123R, Share-Based Payment, as interpreted by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107.
The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing formula and a single option award approach. This fair value is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the vesting period. The following assumptions are used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model:
Expected Term —The Company’s expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding.
Expected Volatility— The Company’s expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock, adjusted where determined by management for unusual and non-representative stock price activity not expected to recur. Due to the limited trading history, we also considered volatility data of guidance companies.
Expected Dividend —The Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model calls for a single expected dividend yield as an input. The Company currently pays no dividends and does not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
Risk-Free Interest Rate— The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term.
Estimated Forfeitures— When estimating forfeitures, the Company takes into consideration the historical option forfeitures over the expected term.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenues from product sales in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 104, Revenue Recognition, which states that revenue is realized or realizable and earned when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. Where a revenue transaction does not meet any of these criteria it is deferred and recognized once all such criteria have been met. In instances where final acceptance of the product, system, or solution is specified by the customer, revenue is deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met.
On a transaction by transaction basis, we determine if the revenue should be recorded on a gross or net basis based on criteria discussed in EITF99-19, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent, (“EITF99-19”). We consider the following factors when we determine the gross versus net presentation: if the Company (i) acts as principal in the transaction; (ii) takes title to the products; (iii) has risks and rewards of ownership, such as the risk of loss for collection, delivery or return; and (iv) acts as an agent or broker (including performing services, in substance, as an agent or broker) with compensation on a commission or fee basis.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined by the weighted-average method. Raw material cost is based on purchase costs while work-in-progress and finished goods are comprised of direct materials, direct labor and an allocation of manufacturing overhead costs. Inventory in-transit is included in finished goods and consists of products shipped but not recognized as revenue because they did not meet the revenue recognition criteria. Provisions are made for excess, slow moving and obsolete inventory as well as inventory whose carrying value is in excess of net realizable value.
Derivative Financial Instruments
Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” as amended, requires all derivatives to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. These derivatives, including embedded derivatives in our structured borrowings, are separately valued and accounted for on the balance sheet. Fair values for exchange-traded securities and derivatives are based on quoted market prices. Where market prices are not readily available, fair values are determined using market based pricing models incorporating readily observable market data and requiring judgment and estimates.
In September 2000, the Emerging Issues Task Force issued EITF 00-19, “Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock,” (“EITF 00-19”) which requires freestanding contracts that are settled in a company’s own stock, including common stock warrants, to be designated as an equity instrument, an asset or a liability. Under the provisions of EITF 00-19, a contract designated as an asset or a liability must be carried at fair value on a company’s balance sheet, with any changes in fair value recorded in the company’s results of operations.
The Company’s management used market-based pricing models to determine the fair values of the Company’s derivatives. The model uses market-sourced inputs such as interest rates, exchange rates and option volatilities. Selection of these inputs involves management’s judgment and may impact net income.
The method used to estimate the value of the compound embedded derivatives (“CED”) as of each valuation date was a Monte Carlo simulation. Under this method the various features, restrictions, obligations and option related to each component of the CED were analyzed and spreadsheet models of the net expected proceeds resulting from exercise of the CED (or non-exercise) were created. Each model is expressed in terms of the expected timing of the event and the expected stock price as of that expected timing.
Because the potential timing and stock price may vary over a range of possible values, a Monte Carlo simulation was built based on the possible stock price paths (i.e., daily expected stock price over a forecast period). Under this approach an individual potential stock price path is simulated based on the initial stock price on the measurement date, and the expected volatility and risk free interest rate over the forecast period. Each path is compared against the logic describe above for potential exercise events and the present value (or non-exercise which result in $0 value) recorded. This is repeated over a significant number of trials, or individual stock price paths, in order to generate an expected or mean value for the present value of the CED.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157 (“SFAS 157”), “Fair Value Measurements.” SFAS 157 defines fair value to measure assets and liabilities, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires additional disclosures about the use of fair value. SFAS 157 is applicable whenever another accounting pronouncement requires or permits assets and liabilities to be measured at fair value. SFAS 157 does not expand or require any new fair value measures. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of FAS 157 will have on its financial position or results of operations.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 (“SFAS 159”), “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115.” SFAS 159 expands the use of fair value accounting but does not affect existing standards which require assets or liabilities to be carried at fair value. The objective of SFAS 159 is to improve financial reporting by providing companies with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. Under SFAS 159, a company may elect to use fair value to measure eligible items at specified election dates and report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. Eligible items include, but are not limited to, accounts and loans receivable, available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, equity method investments, accounts payable, guarantees, issued debt and firm commitments. If elected, SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently assessing whether fair value accounting is appropriate for any of its eligible items and is in process of estimating the impact, if any, on its results of operations or financial position.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160 (“SFAS 160”), “Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51.” The standard changes the accounting for non-controlling (minority) interests in consolidated financial statements, including the requirements to classify non-controlling interests as a component of consolidated stockholders’ equity, and the elimination of “minority interest” accounting in results of operations with earnings attributable to non-controlling interests reported as part of consolidated earnings. Additionally, SFAS 160 revises the accounting for both increases and decreases in a parent’s controlling ownership interest. SFAS 160 is effective for the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Thus, SFAS 160 will be effective for the Company on October 1, 2009, with early adoption prohibited. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of the implementation of SFAS 160 on its financial position and results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised) (“SFAS 141(R)”), “Business Combinations.” The standard changes the accounting for business combinations, including the measurement of acquirer shares issued in consideration for a business combination, the recognition of contingent consideration, the accounting for preacquisition gain and loss contingencies, the recognition of capitalized in-process research and development, the accounting for acquisition-related restructuring cost accruals, the treatment of acquisition related transaction costs, and the recognition of changes in the acquirer’s income tax valuation allowance. SFAS 141(R) is effective for the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Thus, SFAS 141(R) will be effective for the Company on October 1, 2009, with early adoption prohibited. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of the implementation of Statement 141(R) on its financial position and results of operations.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161 (“SFAS 161”), “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” SFAS 161 requires additional disclosures related to the use of derivative instruments, the accounting for derivatives and how derivatives impact financial statements. SFAS 161 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. Thus, the Company is required to adopt this standard on January 1, 2009. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS 161 on its financial position and results of operations.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162 (“SFAS 162”), “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”. SFAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States (the GAAP hierarchy). This Statement is effective for financial statements issued 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS 162 on its financial position and results of operations.
As a Smaller Reporting Company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this Item 7A.
See Item 15 (a) for an index to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Financial Information, which are attached hereto and incorporated by reference herein.
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Solar EnerTech Corp.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Solar EnerTech Corp. as of September 30, 2008, and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended September 30, 2008. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall consolidated financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Solar EnerTech Corp. at September 30, 2008 and 2007, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years ended in the period ended September 30, 2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ Ernst & Young Hua Ming
Shanghai, Peoples Republic of China
December 22, 2008
Solar EnerTech Corp.
| | September 30, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | | | | |
ASSETS | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 3,238,000 | | | $ | 3,908,000 | |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful account of $21,000 and $0 at September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively | | | 1,875,000 | | | | 913,000 | |
Advance payments and other | | | 3,175,000 | | | | 6,500,000 | |
Inventories, net | | | 4,886,000 | | | | 5,708,000 | |
VAT receivable | | | 2,436,000 | | | | 480,000 | |
Other receivable | | | 730,000 | | | | 110,000 | |
Total current assets | | | 16,340,000 | | | | 17,619,000 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 12,934,000 | | | | 3,215,000 | |
Investment | | | 1,000,000 | | | | - | |
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization | | | 1,812,000 | | | | 2,540,000 | |
Deposits | | | 701,000 | | | | 1,741,000 | |
Total assets | | $ | 32,787,000 | | | $ | 25,115,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY (DEFICIT) | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | $ | 1,771,000 | | | $ | 2,891,000 | |
Customer advance payment | | | 96,000 | | | | 1,603,000 | |
Accrued interest expense | | | - | | | | 615,000 | |
Accrued expenses | | | 910,000 | | | | 507,000 | |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, related parties | | | 5,450,000 | | | | 3,969,000 | |
Demand note payable to a related party | | | - | | | | 450,000 | |
Demand notes payable | | | - | | | | 700,000 | |
Derivative liabilities | | | 980,000 | | | | 16,800,000 | |
Warrant liabilities | | | 3,412,000 | | | | 17,390,000 | |
Total current liabilities | | | 12,619,000 | | | | 44,925,000 | |
Convertible notes, net of discount | | | 85,000 | | | | 7,000 | |
Total liabilities | | | 12,704,000 | | | | 44,932,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY (DEFICIT): | | | | | | | | |
Common stock - 400,000,000 shares authorized at $0.001 par value 112,052,012 and 78,827,012 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2008 and September 30, 2007, respectively | | | 112,000 | | | | 79,000 | |
Additional paid in capital | | | 71,627,000 | | | | 39,192,000 | |
Other comprehensive income | | | 2,485,000 | | | | 592,000 | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (54,141,000 | ) | | | (59,680,000 | ) |
Total stockholders' equity (deficit) | | | 20,083,000 | | | | (19,817,000 | ) |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit) | | $ | 32,787,000 | | | $ | 25,115,000 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Solar EnerTech Corp.
| | Year Ended September 30, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Net sales | | $ | 29,412,000 | | | $ | 5,573,000 | |
Cost of sales | | | (33,104,000 | ) | | | (5,934,000 | ) |
Gross loss | | | (3,692,000 | ) | | | (361,000 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | |
Selling, general & administrative | | | 11,778,000 | | | | 11,865,000 | |
Research & development | | | 702,000 | | | | 198,000 | |
Loss on debt extinguishment | | | 4,240,000 | | | | - | |
Total operating expenses | | | 16,720,000 | | | | 12,063,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Operating loss | | | (20,412,000 | ) | | | (12,424,000 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Other income (expense): | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 87,000 | | | | 62,000 | |
Interest expense | | | (1,035,000 | ) | | | (1,086,000 | ) |
Loss on issuance of convertible notes | | | - | | | | (15,209,000 | ) |
Gain (loss) on change in fair market value of compound embedded derivative | | | 13,767,000 | | | | (200,000 | ) |
Gain (loss) on change in fair market value of warrant liability | | | 13,978,000 | | | | (290,000 | ) |
Other expense | | | (846,000 | ) | | | (285,000 | ) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 5,539,000 | | | $ | (29,432,000 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) per share - basic | | $ | 0.07 | | | $ | (0.38 | ) |
Net income (loss) per share - diluted | | $ | (0.18 | ) | | $ | (0.38 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic | | | 75,944,461 | | | | 78,396,108 | |
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted | | | 98,124,574 | | | | 78,396,108 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Solar EnerTech Corp.
| | | | | | | | | | | Other | | | | | | Total | |
| | Common Stock | | | Additional Paid- | | | Comprehensive | | | Accumulated | | | Stockholders' | |
| | Number | | | Amount | | | In Capital | | | Income | | | | | | Equity | |
Balances, September 30, 2006 (Restated) | | | 76,307,012 | | | $ | 76,000 | | | $ | 28,764,000 | | | $ | (4,000 | ) | | $ | (30,248,000 | ) | | $ | (1,412,000 | ) |
Issue of stock and warrant, net of offering costs | | | 2,500,000 | | | | 3,000 | | | | 1,087,000 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,090,000 | |
Exercise of warrants | | | 20,000 | | | | - | | | | 20,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | 20,000 | |
Stock-based compensation | | | - | | | | - | | | | 9,321,000 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 9,321,000 | |
Currency translation adjustment | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 596,000 | | | | - | | | | 596,000 | |
Net loss for the year ended September 30, 2007 | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (29,432,000 | ) | | | (29,432,000 | ) |
Balances, September 30, 2007 | | | 78,827,012 | | | | 79,000 | | | | 39,192,000 | | | | 592,000 | | | | (59,680,000 | ) | | | (19,817,000 | ) |
Issue of stock to settle oustanding notes | | | 1,038,000 | | | | 1,000 | | | | 871,000 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 872,000 | |
Issue of stock and warrants for cash | | | 24,318,000 | | | | 24,000 | | | | 19,863,000 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 19,887,000 | |
Stock-based compensation | | | - | | | | - | | | | 5,619,000 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 5,619,000 | |
Reversal of interest related to related party loan | | | - | | | | - | | | | 83,000 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 83,000 | |
Issue of stock for convertible notes | | | 7,869,000 | | | | 8,000 | | | | 5,999,000 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 6,007,000 | |
Currency translation adjustment | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,893,000 | | | | - | | | | 1,893,000 | |
Net income for the year ended September 30, 2008 | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 5,539,000 | | | | 5,539,000 | |
Balance, September 30, 2008 | | | 112,052,012 | | | $ | 112,000 | | | $ | 71,627,000 | | | $ | 2,485,000 | | | $ | (54,141,000 | ) | | $ | 20,083,000 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Solar EnerTech Corp.
| | Year Ended September 30, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 5,539,000 | | | $ | (29,432,000 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation of fixed assets | | | 1,359,000 | | | | 344,000 | |
Stock-based compensation | | | 5,619,000 | | | | 9,321,000 | |
Loss on issuance of convertible notes | | | - | | | | 15,210,000 | |
Loss on debt extinguishment | | | 4,240,000 | | | | - | |
Amortization of note discount and deferred financing cost | | | 144,000 | | | | 7,000 | |
(Gain) loss on change in fair market value of compound embedded derivative | | | (13,767,000 | ) | | | 200,000 | |
(Gain) loss on change in fair market value of warrant liability | | | (13,978,000 | ) | | | 290,000 | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable, net | | | (724,000 | ) | | | (913,000 | ) |
Advance payments and other | | | 3,981,000 | | | | (6,459,000 | ) |
Inventories, net | | | 1,379,000 | | | | (5,708,000 | ) |
VAT receivable | | | (1,850,000 | ) | | | - | |
Other receivable | | | (549,000 | ) | | | (596,000 | ) |
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and customer advance payment | | | (3,055,000 | ) | | | 5,551,000 | |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, related parties | | | 1,481,000 | | | | (549,000 | ) |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (10,181,000 | ) | | | (12,734,000 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Acquisition of property and equipment | | | (10,539,000 | ) | | | (2,750,000 | ) |
Investment | | | (1,000,000 | ) | | | - | |
Deposits on property and equipment | | | 1,040,000 | | | | (1,163,000 | ) |
Net cash used in investing actives | | | (10,499,000 | ) | | | (3,913,000 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering cost | | | 19,887,000 | | | | 1,110,000 | |
Proceeds from note payable | | | - | | | | 100,000 | |
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, net of offering cost | | | - | | | | 15,950,000 | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 19,887,000 | | | | 17,160,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents | | | 123,000 | | | | 596,000 | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | (670,000 | ) | | | 1,109,000 | |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | | | 3,908,000 | | | | 2,799,000 | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | | $ | 3,238,000 | | | $ | 3,908,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash paid: | | | | | | | | |
Interest | | $ | 1,138,000 | | | $ | 274,000 | |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Warrants issued to placement agent in connection with convertible notes | | $ | 1,006,080 | | | $ | 1,190,000 | |
Warrants issued to note holders | | $ | 19,563,167 | | | $ | 15,909,000 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
SOLAR ENERTECH CORP.
SEPTEMBER 30, 2008
NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Solar EnerTech Corp. was originally incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on July 7, 2004 as Safer Residence corporation and was reincorporated to the State of Delaware on August 13, 2008 (“Solar Enertech” or the “Company”). The Company engaged in a variety of businesses until March 2006, when the Company began its current operations as a photovoltaic (“PV”) solar energy cell (“PV Cell”) manufacturer. The Company’s management decided that, to facilitate a change in business that was focused on the PV Cell industry, it was appropriate to change the Company’s name. A plan of merger between Safer Residence Corporation and Solar EnerTech Corp., a wholly-owned inactive subsidiary of Safer Residence Corporation, was approved on March 27, 2006, under which the Company was to be renamed “Solar EnerTech Corp.” On April 7, 2006, the Company changed its name to Solar EnerTech Corp.
The Company’s management in February 2008 decided that it was in the Company’s and its shareholders best interests to change the Company’s state of domicile from Nevada to Delaware (the “Reincorporation”). On August 13, 2008, the Company, a Nevada entity at the time, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with Solar EnerTech Corp., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Nevada entity, (the “Delaware Subsidiary”), whereby the Nevada entity merged with and into Delaware Subsidiary in order to effect the Reincorporation. After the Reincorporation, the Nevada entity ceased to exist and the Company survived as a Delaware entity.
The Reincorporation was duly approved by both the Company’s Board of Directors and a majority of the Company’s stockholders at its annual meeting of stockholders held on May 5, 2008. On August 13, 2008, the Reincorporation was completed. The Reincorporation into Delaware did not result in any change to the Company’s business, management, employees, directors, capitalization, assets or liabilities
The Company was in the development stage through March 31, 2007. The quarter ended June 30, 2007 is the first quarter during which the Company is considered an operating company and is no longer in the development stage.
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of consolidation and basis of accounting
Prior to August 19, 2008, the Company operated its business in the People’s Republic of China through Infotech Hong Kong New Energy Technologies, Limited (“Infotech HK”) and Solar EnerTech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd (“Infotech Shanghai” and together with Infotech HK, “Infotech”). While the Company did not own Infotech, the Company’s financial statements have included the results of the financials of each of Infotech HK and Infotech Shanghai since these entities were wholly-controlled variable interest entities of the Company through an Agency Agreement dated April 10, 2006 by and between the Company and Infotech (the “Agency Agreement”). Under the Agency Agreement the Company engaged Infotech to undertake all activities necessary to build a solar technology business in China, including the acquisition of manufacturing facilities and equipment, employees and inventory. The Agency Agreement continued through April 10, 2008 and then on a month to month basis thereafter until terminated by either party.
To permanently consolidate Infotech with the Company through legal ownership, the Company acquired Infotech at a nominal amount on August 19, 2008 through a series of agreements (the “Acquisition”). In connection with executing these agreements, the Company terminated the original agency relationship with Infotech.
The Company had previously consolidated the financial statements of Infotech with its financial statements pursuant to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R) due to the agency relationship between the Company and Infotech, notwithstanding the termination of the Agency Agreement, the Company continues to consolidate the financial statements of Infotech with its financial statements since Infotech became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company as a result of the acquisition.
The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Solar EnerTech Corp. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in U.S. dollars and in accordance with the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with the United States generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are defined as cash on hand, demand deposits and short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash within ninety days of deposit.
Currency and foreign exchange
The Company’s functional currency is the Renminbi as substantially all of our operations are in China. The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar.
Transactions and balances originally denominated in U.S. dollars are presented at their original amounts. Transactions and balances in other currencies are converted into U.S. dollars in accordance with SFAS No. 52, Foreign Currency Translation, and are included in determining net income or loss.
For foreign operations with the local currency as the functional currency, assets and liabilities are translated from the local currencies into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at weighted average exchange rates for the period to approximate translation at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates those elements are recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency consolidated financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining comprehensive loss.
Property and equipment
Our property and equipment are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided using the straight — line method over the related estimated useful lives, as follows:
| | Useful Life (Years) |
Office equipment | | 3 to 5 |
Machinery | | 10 |
Production equipment | | 5 |
Automobiles | | 5 |
Furniture | | 5 |
Leasehold improvement | | the shorter of the lease term or 5 years |
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the related assets are expensed to operations. Major repairs that do improve or extend the lives of the related assets are capitalized.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined by the weighted-average method. Raw material cost is based on purchase costs while work-in-progress and finished goods are comprised of direct materials, direct labor and an allocation of manufacturing overhead costs. Inventory in-transit is included in finished goods and consists of products shipped but not recognized as revenue because they did not meet the revenue recognition criteria. Provisions are made for excess, slow moving and obsolete inventory as well as inventory whose carrying value is in excess of net realizable value.
Warranty cost
The Company provides product warranties and accrues for estimated future warranty costs in the period in which the revenue is recognized. Our standard solar modules are typically sold with a two-year warranty for defects in materials and workmanship and a 10-year and 25-year warranty against declines of more than 10.0% and 20.0%, respectively, of the initial minimum power generation capacity at the time of delivery. The Company therefore maintains warranty reserves to cover potential liabilities that could arise from our warranty obligations and accrues the estimated costs of warranties based primarily on management’s best estimate. The Company has not experienced any material warranty claims to date in connection with declines of the power generation capacity of its solar modules and will prospectively revise its actual rate to the extent that actual warranty costs differ from the estimates. The Company’s warranty costs for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were immaterial.
Impairment of long lived assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets and identifiable intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When such factors and circumstances exist, management compares the projected undiscounted future cash flows associated with the future use and disposal of the related asset or group of assets to their respective carrying amounts. Impairment, if any, is measured as the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value, based on market value when available, or discounted expected cash flows, of those assets and is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. As of September 30, 2008, management expects those assets related to its continuing operations to be fully recoverable.
Investments
Investments in an entity where the Company owns less than twenty percent of the voting stock of the entity and does not exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the entity are accounted for using the cost method. Investments in the entity where the Company owns twenty percent or more but not in excess of fifty percent of the voting stock of the entity or less than twenty percent and exercises significant influence over operating and financial policies of the entity are accounted for using the equity method. The Company has a policy in place to review its investments at least annually, to evaluate the carrying value of the investments in these companies. The fair value of a cost method investment is not estimated if there are no identified events or changes in circumstance that may have a significant adverse affect on the fair value of the investment. If the Company believes that the carrying value of an investment is in excess of estimated fair value, it is the Company’s policy to record an impairment charge to adjust the carrying value to the estimated fair value, if the impairment is considered other-than-temporary.
On August 21, 2008 the Company entered into an equity purchase agreement in which it acquired two million shares of common stock of 21-Century Silicon, Inc., a polysilicon manufacturer based in Dallas, Texas (“21-Century Silicon”) for $1.0 million cash. The two million shares acquired by the Company constitute approximately 7.8% of 21-Century Silicon’s outstanding equity.
As of September 30, 2008, the Company accounted for the investment in 21-Century Silicon companies at cost amounting to $1.0 million.
Income taxes
The Company files federal and state income tax returns in the United States for its United States operations, and files separate foreign tax returns for its foreign subsidiary in the jurisdictions in which this entity operates. The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (“SFAS 109”).
Under the provisions of SFAS 109, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between their financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Valuation allowance
Significant judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all available evidence including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income, and the feasibility of tax planning strategies. In the event that the Company change its determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that can be realized, the Company will adjust our valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
Effective on October 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”). Under FIN 48, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority based solely on the technical merits of the associated tax position. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. The Company also elected the accounting policy that requires interest and penalties to be recognized as a component of tax expense. The Company classifies the unrecognized tax benefits that are expected to result in payment or receipt of cash within one year as current liabilities, otherwise, the unrecognized tax benefits will be classified as non-current liabilities. Additionally, FIN 48 provides guidance on de-recognition, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.
Derivative financial instruments
Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” as amended, requires all derivatives to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. These derivatives, including embedded derivatives in our structured borrowings, are separately valued and accounted for on the balance sheet. Fair values for exchange-traded securities and derivatives are based on quoted market prices. Where market prices are not readily available, fair values are determined using market based pricing models incorporating readily observable market data and requiring judgment and estimates.
In September 2000, the Emerging Issues Task Force issued EITF 00-19, “Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock” (“EITF 00-19”), which requires freestanding contracts that are settled in a company’s own stock, including common stock warrants, to be designated as an equity instrument, an asset or a liability. Under the provisions of EITF 00-19, a contract designated as an asset or a liability must be carried at fair value on a company’s balance sheet, with any changes in fair value recorded in the company’s results of operations.
The Company’s management used market-based pricing models to determine the fair values of the Company’s derivatives. The model uses market-sourced inputs such as interest rates, exchange rates and option volatilities. Selection of these inputs involves management’s judgment and may impact net income.
The method used to estimate the value of the compound embedded derivatives (“CED”) as of each valuation date was a Monte Carlo simulation. Under this method the various features, restrictions, obligations and option related to each component of the CED were analyzed and spreadsheet models of the net expected proceeds resulting from exercise of the CED (or non-exercise) were created. Each model is expressed in terms of the expected timing of the event and the expected stock price as of that expected timing.
Because the potential timing and stock price may vary over a range of possible values, a Monte Carlo simulation was built based on the possible stock price paths (i.e., daily expected stock price over a forecast period). Under this approach an individual potential stock price path is simulated based on the initial stock price on the measurement date, and the expected volatility and risk free interest rate over the forecast period. Each path is compared against the logic describe above for potential exercise events and the present value (or non-exercise which result in $0 value) recorded. This is repeated over a significant number of trials, or individual stock price paths, in order to generate an expected or mean value for the present value of the CED.
Fair Value of Warrants
Warrants issued in March 2007
The Company’s management used the binomial valuation model to value the warrants issued in conjunction with convertible notes entered into in March 2007. The model uses inputs such as implied term, suboptimal exercise factor, volatility, dividend yield and risk free interest rate. Selection of these inputs involves management’s judgment and may impact estimated value. Management selected the binomial model to value these warrants as opposed to the Black-Scholes model primarily because management believes the binomial model produces a more reliable value for these instruments because it uses an additional valuation input factor, the suboptimal exercise factor, which accounts for expected holder exercise behavior which management believes is a reasonable assumption with respect to the holders of these warrants.
Stock Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation
On January 1, 2006, Solar EnerTech began recording compensation expense associated with stock options and other forms of employee equity compensation in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123R, Share-Based Payment, as interpreted by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107.
The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing formula and a single option award approach. This fair value is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the vesting period. The following assumptions are used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model:
Expected Term —The Company’s expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding.
Expected Volatility— The Company’s expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock, adjusted where determined by management for unusual and non-representative stock price activity not expected to recur. Due to the limited trading history, the Company also considered volatility data of guidance companies.
Expected Dividend —The Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model calls for a single expected dividend yield as an input. The Company currently pays no dividends and does not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
Risk-Free Interest Rate— The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term.
Estimated Forfeitures— When estimating forfeitures, the Company takes into consideration the historical option forfeitures over the expected term.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenues from product sales in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 104, Revenue Recognition, which states that revenue is realized or realizable and earned when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. Where a revenue transaction does not meet any of these criteria it is deferred and recognized once all such criteria have been met. In instances where final acceptance of the product, system, or solution is specified by the customer, revenue is deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met.
On a transaction by transaction basis, the Company determines if the revenue should be recorded on a gross or net basis based on criteria discussed in EITF99-19, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent (“EITF99-19”). The Company consider the following factors when we determine the gross versus net presentation: if the Company (i) acts as principal in the transaction; (ii) takes title to the products; (iii) has risks and rewards of ownership, such as the risk of loss for collection, delivery or return; and (iv) acts as an agent or broker (including performing services, in substance, as an agent or broker) with compensation on a commission or fee basis.
Shipping and Handling Costs
The Company incurred shipping and handling costs of $191,000 and $4,000 for the years ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, which are included in Selling expenses. Shipping and handling costs include costs incurred with third-party carriers to transport products to customers.
Research and Development Cost
Expenditures for research activities relating to product development are charged to expense as incurred.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the prior year consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on previously reported results of operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157 (“SFAS 157”), “Fair Value Measurements.” SFAS 157 defines fair value to measure assets and liabilities, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires additional disclosures about the use of fair value. SFAS 157 is applicable whenever another accounting pronouncement requires or permits assets and liabilities to be measured at fair value. SFAS 157 does not expand or require any new fair value measures. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of FAS 157 will have on its financial position or results of operations.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 (“SFAS 159”), “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115.” SFAS 159 expands the use of fair value accounting but does not affect existing standards which require assets or liabilities to be carried at fair value. The objective of SFAS 159 is to improve financial reporting by providing companies with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. Under SFAS 159, a company may elect to use fair value to measure eligible items at specified election dates and report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. Eligible items include, but are not limited to, accounts and loans receivable, available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, equity method investments, accounts payable, guarantees, issued debt and firm commitments. If elected, SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently assessing whether fair value accounting is appropriate for any of its eligible items and is in process of estimating the impact, if any, on its results of operations or financial position.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160 (“SFAS 160”), “Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51.” The standard changes the accounting for non-controlling (minority) interests in consolidated financial statements, including the requirements to classify non-controlling interests as a component of consolidated stockholders’ equity, and the elimination of “minority interest” accounting in results of operations with earnings attributable to non-controlling interests reported as part of consolidated earnings. Additionally, SFAS 160 revises the accounting for both increases and decreases in a parent’s controlling ownership interest. SFAS 160 is effective for the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Thus, SFAS 160 will be effective for the Company on October 1, 2009, with early adoption prohibited. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of the implementation of SFAS 160 on its financial position and results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised) (“SFAS 141(R)”), “Business Combinations.” The standard changes the accounting for business combinations, including the measurement of acquirer shares issued in consideration for a business combination, the recognition of contingent consideration, the accounting for preacquisition gain and loss contingencies, the recognition of capitalized in-process research and development, the accounting for acquisition-related restructuring cost accruals, the treatment of acquisition related transaction costs, and the recognition of changes in the acquirer’s income tax valuation allowance. SFAS 141(R) is effective for the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Thus, SFAS 141(R) will be effective for the Company on October 1, 2009, with early adoption prohibited. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of the implementation of Statement 141(R) on its financial position and results of operations.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161 (“SFAS 161”), “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” SFAS 161 requires additional disclosures related to the use of derivative instruments, the accounting for derivatives and how derivatives impact financial statements. SFAS 161 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. Thus, the Company is required to adopt this standard on January 1, 2009. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS 161 on its financial position and results of operations.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162 (“SFAS 162”), “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”. SFAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States (the GAAP hierarchy). This Statement is effective for financial statements issued 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS 162 on its financial position and results of operations.
NOTE 3 — FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Credit risk
The Company maintains cash deposits with financial institutions, which from time to time may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in connection with these deposits and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk from cash. At September 30, 2008 and 2007, the Company had approximately $869,000 and $584,000, respectively in excess of insured limits.
Customer concentration
In fiscal years 2008 and 2007, the Company had one customer and three customers, respectively accounted for 10% or more of total revenues.
Fair values
The Company has various financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and amounts due to or from a related party, notes payable, warrant liability and compound embedded derivative liability. Unless otherwise noted, these monetary assets and liabilities are stated at amounts that approximate their fair values.
Foreign exchange risk and translation
The Company may be subject to significant currency risk due to the fluctuations of exchange rates between the Chinese Renminbi and the United States dollar.
The local currency is the functional currency for the China subsidiary. Assets and liabilities are translated at end of period exchange rates while revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the period. Equity is translated at historical rates and the resulting cumulative translation adjustments, to the extent not included in net income, are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the translation adjustments are realized. Included in other accumulated comprehensive income was a cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment gain of $1.9 million and $0.6 million at September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in earnings. For fiscal years ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, the Company recorded foreign exchange losses of $0.8 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
NOTE 4 — ADVANCE PAYMENTS AND OTHER
At September 30, 2008 and 2007, advance payments and other consist of:
| | September 30, 2008 | | | September 30, 2007 | |
Prepayment for raw materials | | $ | 2,959,000 | | | $ | 6,345,000 | |
Others | | | 216,000 | | | | 155,000 | |
Total advance payments and other | | $ | 3,175,000 | | | $ | 6,500,000 | |
NOTE 5 — INVENTORY
At September 30, 2008 and 2007, inventory consists of:
| | September 30, 2008 | | | September 30, 2007 | |
Raw materials | | $ | 2,111,000 | | | $ | 2,724,000 | |
Work in process | | | 145,000 | | | | 839,000 | |
Finished goods | | | 2,630,000 | | | | 2,145,000 | |
Total inventories | | $ | 4,886,000 | | | $ | 5,708,000 | |
NOTE 6 — PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
The Company amortizes its assets over their estimated useful lives. A summary of property and equipment at September 30, 2008 and 2007 is as follows:
| | September 30, 2008 | | | September 30, 2007 | |
Production equipment | | $ | 5,564,000 | | | $ | 1,065,000 | |
Leasehold improvement | | | 3,201,000 | | | | 1,615,000 | |
Automobiles | | | 542,000 | | | | 333,000 | |
Office equipment | | | 339,000 | | | | 88,000 | |
Machinery | | | 2,170,000 | | | | 455,000 | |
Furniture | | | 39,000 | | | | 38,000 | |
Construction in progress | | | 2,915,000 | | | | - | |
Total Fixed Assets | | | 14,770,000 | | | | 3,594,000 | |
Less: Accumulated depreciation | | | (1,836,000 | ) | | | (379,000 | ) |
Net Fixed Assets | | $ | 12,934,000 | | | $ | 3,215,000 | |
NOTE 7 — NOTES PAYABLE
As of September 30, 2007, the Company had a $600,000 demand note payable due to Coach Capital LLC, a Delaware limited liability Company (Coach) and a $100,000 demand note payable due to Thimble Capital. These loans paid an interest rate of 10% per annum. Subsequent to year end, the Company was informed by Thimble Capital that it had assigned the note payable due from us to Coach. In December 2007, the Company settled all outstanding note payable due to Coach with shares of the Company’s common stock.
On December 20, 2007, the Company entered in a Settlement and Release Agreement (“Release Agreement”) dated as of December 10, 2007 with Coach, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue 1,037,580 shares of common stock to Coach in exchange for full settlement and satisfaction of the promissory notes of the Company described above which had an aggregate outstanding principal balance together with interest accrued through the date of the Release Agreement of $1,245,095. Hence, the Company has no notes payable balance as of September 30, 2008.
NOTE 8 — INCOME TAXES
The Company has no taxable income and no provision for federal and state income taxes is required for 2008 and 2007.
A reconciliation of the statutory federal rate and the Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 are as follows:
| | Year Ended September 30, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
U.S. federal taxes (benefit) | | | | | | |
At statutory rate | | | 34 | % | | | 34 | % |
Gain (loss) on derivative/warrant and other permanents | | | (89 | )% | | | (18 | )% |
Stock-based compensation | | | 29 | % | | | (11 | )% |
Tax rate differences | | | 6 | % | | | (2 | )% |
Change in Valuation allowance | | | 20 | % | | | (3 | )% |
Total | | | 0 | % | | | 0 | % |
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2008 and 2007 are as follows:
| | Year Ended September 30, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
Deferred tax assets: | | | | | | |
Net operating loss carryforwards | | $ | 3,622,000 | | | $ | 1,899,000 | |
Stock-based compensation | | | 390,000 | | | | 1,291,000 | |
Allowances and reserve | | | 1,704,000 | | | | 1,613,000 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 282,000 | | | | 58,000 | |
Total deferred tax assets | | | 5,998,000 | | | | 4,861,000 | |
Less valuation allowance | | | (5,998,000 | ) | | | (4,861,000 | ) |
Net deferred tax assets | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
As of September 30, 2008 and 2007, the Company had United States federal net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $4.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively. These net operating loss carry forwards will expire at various dates beginning in 2026 if not utilized. In addition, the Company had U.S. state net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $0.3 million and $0.2 million as of September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and these losses will begin to expire at various dates beginning in 2016 if not utilized. During the year ended September 30, 2008, the Company reduced the reported amounts of U.S. federal and U.S. state net operating losses (and corresponding valuation allowance) by approximately $2.2 million and $5.6 million, respectively, to adjust the Company’s prior tax accrual to tax returns as filed for the year ended September 30, 2007. The Company’s adjustment of U.S. state net operating losses reflects, in particular, a change in the assessment of the losses to reflect the impact of California State apportionment. The Company has trued up its California net operating loss (“NOL”) carryover as of September 30, 2007 due to its worldwide filing position of its California tax return; which resulted in a significant decrease in its California NOL carryover from prior year. In addition, the Company had foreign net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $8.3 million and $2.0 million as of September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. These net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2012 if not utilized. The Company has no credit carry forwards.
As of September 30, 2008, due to the history of losses the Company has generated in the past, the Company believes that it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets cannot be realized before the respective utilization expiration dates. Therefore, the Company has a full valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets of $6.0 million, an increase of $1.1 million from September 30, 2007. The current year change in valuation allowance is mainly due to (1) certain stock based compensation that was removed from deferred taxes due to cancellation of certain options and (2) a change in the statutory tax rate for the China entity to a new effective rate of 24% as a result of a new Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China.
Utilization of the U.S. federal and state net operating loss carry forwards and credits may be subject to substantial annual limitation due to certain limitations resulting from ownership changes provided by U.S. federal and state tax laws. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating losses carryforwards and credits before utilization.
The Company elected to track the portion of its federal and state net operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards attributable to stock option benefits, in a separate memo account pursuant to SFAS No. 123(R). Therefore, these amounts are no longer included in its gross or net deferred tax assets. Pursuant to SFAS No. 123(R), footnote 82, the benefit of these net operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards will only be recorded to equity when they reduce cash taxes payable. The amounts removed to the memo account as of September 30, 2008 are zero for federal and state tax purposes, respectively.
The Company conducts its business in the United States and in various foreign locations and generally is subject to the respective local countries’ statutory tax rates.
On March 16, 2007, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgated the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China (the “New Law”) which becomes effective 1 January 2008. Detailed implementation rules were released subsequently during December 2007, which further clarified and explained various provisions of the new law. The New Law harmonizes the tax laws applicable to foreign and domestic enterprises. Under the New Law, in general, both domestic enterprises and foreign invested enterprises will be subject to a unified income tax rate of 25%. Further, the New Law provides certain transition relief to enterprises currently enjoying tax rates below the new unified 25% tax rate. Under this relief, such enterprises will be subject to a gradual increase in their tax rate from 15% to 25% over five years. Additionally, the New Law accelerates the commencement of tax holidays previously deferred due to cumulative losses, to no later than January 1, 2008.
The Company has no undistributed foreign earnings as of September 30, 2008.
Effective on October 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in any entity’s financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attributes for financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under FIN 48, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, FIN 48 provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006.
Upon the Company's adoption of FIN 48 on October 1, 2007, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of the date of adoption was zero. As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, the Company recognized no adjustment in the retained earnings for unrecognized tax benefits. As of September 30, 2008, the Company recorded no additional amount for unrecognized tax benefits.
The Company has adopted the accounting policy that interest and penalties will be classified as a component of the provisions for income taxes. No interest and penalties were recognized as of September 30. 2008.
The Company’s operations are subject to income and transaction taxes in the United States and in certain foreign jurisdictions. Significant estimates and judgments are required in determining the Company’s worldwide provision for income taxes. Some of these estimates are based on interpretations of existing tax laws or regulations. The ultimate amount of tax liability may be uncertain as a result.
The Company is subject to taxation in the US and various states and foreign jurisdictions. There are no ongoing examinations by taxing authorities at this time. The Company’s tax years starting from 2006 to 2007 remain open in various tax jurisdictions. The Company does not anticipate any significant change within the next 12 months of its uncertain tax positions.
NOTE 9 — CONVERTIBLE NOTES
On March 7, 2007, Solar EnerTech entered into a securities purchase agreement to issue $17,300,000 of secured convertible notes (the “Notes”) and detachable stock purchase warrants the “Warrants”). Accordingly, during the quarter ended March 31, 2007, Solar EnerTech sold units consisting of:
| • | | $5,000,000 in principal amount of Series A Convertible Notes and warrants to purchase 7,246,377 shares (exercise price of $1.21 per share) of its common stock; |
| |
| • | | $3,300,000 in principal amount of Series B Convertible Notes and warrants to purchase 5,789,474 shares (exercise price of $0.90 per share) of its common stock ; and |
| |
| • | | $9,000,000 in principal amount of Series B Convertible Notes and warrants to purchase 15,789,474 shares (exercise price of $0.90 per share) of its common stock. |
These Notes bear interest at 6% per annum and are due in 2010. The principal amount of the Series A Convertible Notes may be converted at the initial rate of $0.69 per share for a total of 7,246,377 shares of common stock (which amount does not include shares of common stock that may be issued for the payment of interest). The principal amount of the Series B Convertible Notes may be converted at the initial rate of $0.57 per share for a total of 21,578,948 shares of common stock (which amount does not include shares of common stock that may be issued for the payment of interest).
In connection with the issuance of the Notes and Warrants, the Company engaged an exclusive advisor and placement agent (the “Advisor”) and issued warrants to the Advisor to purchase an aggregate of 1,510,528 shares at an exercise price of $0.57 per share and 507,247 shares at an exercise price of $0.69 per share, of the Company’s common stock (the “Advisor Warrants”). In addition to the issuance of the warrants, the Company paid $1,038,000 in commissions, an advisory fee of $173,000, and other fees and expenses of $84,025.
The Company evaluated the Notes for derivative accounting considerations under SFAS 133 and EITF 00-19 and determined that the Notes contain two embedded derivative features, the conversion option and a redemption privilege accruing to the holder if certain conditions exist (the “Compound Embedded Derivative”). The Compound Embedded Derivative is measured at fair value both initially and in subsequent periods. Changes in fair value of the Compound Embedded Derivative are recorded in the account “gain (loss) on fair market value of compound embedded derivative” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
The Warrants (including the Advisor Warrants) are classified as a liability, as required by SFAS No. 150, due to the terms of the warrant agreement which contains a cash redemption provision in the event of a Fundamental Transaction (as defined below). The Warrants are measured at fair value both initially and in subsequent periods. Changes in fair value of the Warrants are recorded in the account “gain / (loss) on fair market value of warrant liability” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
The following table summarizes the valuation of the Notes, the Warrants (including the Advisor Warrants), and the Compound Embedded Derivative:
| | Amount | |
Proceeds of convertible notes | | $ | 17,300,000 | |
Allocation of proceeds: | | | | |
Fair value of warrant liability (excluding advisor warrants) | | | (15,909,000 | ) |
Fair value of compound embedded derivative liability | | | (16,600,000 | ) |
Loss on issuance of convertible notes | | | 15,209,000 | |
Carrying amount of notes at grant date | | $ | - | |
| | | | |
Amortization of note discount and conversion effect | | $ | 7,000 | |
Carrying amount of notes at September 30, 2007 | | | 7,000 | |
Amortization of note discount and conversion effect | | | 78,000 | |
Carrying amount of notes at September 30, 2008 | | $ | 85,000 | |
| | | | |
Fair value of warrant liability (including advisor warrants) at issuance | | $ | 17,100,000 | |
Loss on fair market value of warrant liability | | | 290,000 | |
Fair value of warrant liability at September 30, 2007 | | | 17,390,000 | |
Gain on fair market value of warrant liability | | | (13,978,000 | ) |
Fair value of warrant liability at September 30, 2008 | | $ | 3,412,000 | |
| | | | |
Fair value of compound embedded derivative at grant date | | $ | 16,600,000 | |
Loss on fair market value of embedded derivtive liability | | | 200,000 | |
Fair value of compound embedded derivative at September 30, 2007 | | | 16,800,000 | |
Gain on fair market value of embedded derivative liability | | | (13,767,000 | ) |
Conversion of Series A and B Notes | | | (2,053,000 | ) |
Fair value of compound embedded derivative at September 30, 2008 | | $ | 980,000 | |
The value of the Warrants (including the Advisor Warrants) was estimated using a binomial valuation model with the following assumptions:
| | September 30, 2008 | | | September 30, 2007 | |
Implied term (years) | | | 3.43 | | | | 4.43 | |
Suboptimal exercise factor | | | 2.5 | | | | 2.5 | |
Volatility | | | 84 | % | | | 72 | % |
Dividend yield | | | 0 | % | | | 0 | % |
Risk free interest rate | | | 2.58 | % | | | 4.23 | % |
In conjunction with March 2007 financing, the Company recorded total deferred financing cost of $2.5 million, of which $1.3 million represented cash payment and $1.2 million represented the fair market value of the advisor warrants. The deferred financing cost is amortized over the three year life of the notes using a method that approximates the effective interest rate method. The advisor warrants were recorded as a liability and adjusted to fair value in each subsequent period. As of September 30, 2008 and 2007, total unamortized deferred financing cost was $1.8 million and $2.5 million, respectively.
The method used to estimate the value of the compound embedded derivatives (“CED”) as of each valuation date was a Monte Carlo simulation. Under this method the various features, restrictions, obligations and option related to each component of the CED were analyzed and spreadsheet models of the net expected proceeds resulting from exercise of the CED (or non-exercise) were created. Each model is expressed in terms of the expected timing of the event and the expected stock price as of that expected timing.
Because the potential timing and stock price may vary over a range of possible values, a Monte Carlo simulation was built based on the possible stock price paths (i.e., daily expected stock price over a forecast period). Under this approach an individual potential stock
price path is simulated based on the initial stock price on the measurement date, and the expected volatility and risk free rate over the forecast period. Each path is compared against the logic describe above for potential exercise events and the present value (or non-exercise which result in $0 value) recorded. This is repeated over a significant number of trials, or individual stock price paths, in order to generate an expected or mean value for the present value of the CED.
The significant assumptions used in estimating stock price paths as of each valuation date are:
| | September 30, 2008 | | | September 30, 2007 | |
Starting stock price (closing price on date preceding valuation date) | | $ | 0.40 | | | $ | 1.28 | |
Annual volatility of stock | | | 84.20 | % | | | 72.10 | % |
Risk free rate | | | 1.89 | % | | | 3.97 | % |
Additional assumptions were made regarding the probability of occurrence of each exercise scenario, based on stock price ranges (based on the assumption that scenario probability is constant over narrow ranges of stock price). The key scenarios included public offering, bankruptcy and other defaults.
The material terms of the Notes are as follows:
Interest Payments
The Notes bear interest at 6% per annum and are due in 2010. Accrued interest is payable quarterly in arrears on each of January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1, beginning on the first such date after issuance, in cash or registered shares of common stock at the option of the Company. If the Company elects to pay any interest due in registered shares of the Company’s common stock: (i) the issuance price will be 90% of the 5-day weighted average price of the common stock ending on the day prior to the interest payment due date, (ii) the common stock shall have traded an average of at least 500,000 shares per day for each of the five trading days prior to the applicable due date, and (iii) a trigger event shall not have occurred.
Registration Rights (Series A Convertible Notes)
The Company and the holders of the Series A Convertible Notes entered into a “Registration Rights Agreement” on March 7, 2007. Among other things, the Company was obligated to do the following or incur liquidated damages upon failure:
| • | | File an initial registration statement within 45 days after closing (1.0% per month of the aggregate purchase price until such failure is cured); |
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| • | | Cause effectiveness of the registration statement within 120 days after closing (1.0% per month of the aggregate purchase price until such failure is cured); |
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| • | | Maintain effectiveness of the registration statement for the period in which the Notes and Warrants are issued and outstanding (1.0% per month of the aggregate purchase price until such failure is cured); or |
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| • | | File additional registration statements, as required for any shares cutback from the initial registration statement as a result of Rule 415(a) limitations (0.25% per month of the aggregate purchase price until such failure is cured commencing after 150 days after closing). |
However, in no event shall the aggregate amount of all registration delay payments listed above (other than registration delay payments payable pursuant to events that are within the control of the Company) exceed, in the aggregate, 24% of the aggregate purchase price.
Failure to comply with the Registration Rights Agreement constitutes a trigger event and at the election of the holder may require redemption of the Series A Convertible Notes (see the discussion titled “Redemptions” below).
The Company has accounted for the Registration Rights Agreements related to the Series A Convertible Notes in accordance with FSP EITF 00-19-2 wherein the probability that a contingent obligation to make future payments or otherwise transfer consideration shall be recognized and measured separately in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 5 and FASB Interpretation 14.
The offering of the Series A convertible notes closed on March 7, 2007. According to the Registration Rights Agreement the Company signed in conjunction with this offering, a registration statement that included the common stock underlying the Series A convertible notes and the warrants issued in connection therewith was to be declared effective by the SEC no later than July 5, 2007. The registration statement the Company filed was declared effective in November 2007. However, this delay constitutes a triggering event which allows the holders, at their election, to require redemption of the notes. On December 14 and 17, 2007, the Company obtained waivers from Series A holders to waive the redemption rights relating to the delay of the SB-2 effective date.
Voting Rights
The holders of the Notes do not have voting rights under these agreements.
Dividends
Until all of the Notes have been converted, redeemed or otherwise satisfied in accordance with their terms, the Company shall not, directly or indirectly, redeem, repurchase or declare or pay any cash dividend or distribution on its capital stock without the prior express written consent of the required holders.
Conversion
1) | | At any time or times on or after the issuance date of the Notes, the holder is entitled to convert, at the holder’s sole discretion, any portion of the outstanding and unpaid conversion amount (principal, accrued and unpaid interest and accrued and unpaid late charges) into fully paid and non-assessable shares of common stock, at the conversion rate (as defined below). |
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2) | | Forced Conversion. Upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to all of the holders, the Company shall have the right to call all, but not less than all, of the Notes for conversion at the conversion price (as defined below) provided that for each of the twenty (20) trading days immediately preceding the forced conversion date: |
| • | | The Company’s common stock has closed at a price equal to or greater than 300% of the then applicable Series A conversion price, as described below; |
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| • | | There is either an effective registration statement providing for the resale of the shares of common stock underlying the Notes or all of the shares of common stock underlying the Notes may be resold pursuant to Rule 144(k) of the Securities Act without restriction; and |
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| • | | The common stock has traded an average of 500,000 shares per day. |
Conversion Rate
The number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes is determined by dividing (x) the conversion amount (principal, interest and late charges accrued and unpaid), by (y) the then applicable conversion price (initially $0.69 for Series A Convertible Notes and $0.57 for Series B Convertible Notes, subject to adjustment as provided in the agreement). No adjustment in the conversion price of the Notes will be made in respect of the issuance of additional shares of common stock unless the consideration per share of an additional share of common stock issued or deemed to be issued by the Company is less than the conversion price of the Notes in effect on the date of, and immediately prior to, such issuance. Should the outstanding shares of common stock increase (by stock split, stock dividend, or otherwise) or decrease (by reclassification or otherwise), the conversion price of the Notes in effect immediately prior to the change shall be proportionately adjusted.
Redemptions
Each of the following events shall constitute a trigger event, permitting the holder the right of redemption:
1) | | Series A Only – A failure relating to the registration statement (such as failure to file the registration statement within 45 days after the closing, the failure to have the registration statement declared effective within 150 days after the closing, or the failure to maintain the registration statement during the period which the securities are outstanding) that cannot be cured for a period of ten (10) consecutive days or for more than an aggregate of thirty (30) days in any 365-day period (other than days during an allowable grace period); |
2) | | The suspension from trading or failure of the common stock to be listed on the principal market or an eligible market for a period of five (5) consecutive trading days or for more than an aggregate of ten (10) trading days in any 365-day period; |
3) | | The Company’s (A) failure to cure a conversion failure by delivery of the required number of shares of common stock within ten (10) trading days after the applicable conversion date or (B) notice, written or oral, to any holder of the Notes, including by way of public announcement or through any of its agents, at any time, of its intention not to comply with a request for conversion of any Notes into shares of common stock that is tendered in accordance with the provisions of the Notes; |
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4) | | At any time following the tenth (10th ) consecutive business day that the holder’s authorized share allocation is less than the number of shares of common stock that the holder would be entitled to receive upon a conversion of the full conversion amount of the Notes (without regard to any limitations on conversion); |
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5) | | The Company’s failure to pay to the holder any amount of principal (including, without limitation, any redemption payments), interest, late charges or other amounts when and as due under the Notes or any other transaction document (as defined in the securities purchase agreement) or any other agreement, document, certificate or other instrument delivered in connection with the transactions to which the holder is a party, except, in the case of a failure to pay any interest and late charges when and as due, in which case only if such failure continues for a period of at least five (5) business days; |
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6) | | A) The occurrence of any payment default or other default under any indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries that results in a redemption of or acceleration prior to maturity of $100,000 or more of such indebtedness in the aggregate, or (B) the occurrence of any material default under any indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries having an aggregate outstanding balance in excess of $100,000 and such default continues uncured for more than ten (10) business days, other than, in each case (A) or (B) above, or a default with respect to any other notes; |
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7) | | The Company or any of its subsidiaries, pursuant to or within the meaning of Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar Federal, foreign or state law for the relief of debtors (A) commences a voluntary case, (B) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (C) consents to the appointment of a receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official , (D) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors or (E) admits in writing that it is generally unable to pay its debts as they become due; |
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8) | | A court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any bankruptcy law that (A) is for relief against the Company or any of its subsidiaries in an involuntary case, (B) appoints a custodian of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or (C) orders the liquidation of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; |
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9) | | A final judgment or judgments for the payment of money aggregating in excess of $250,000 are rendered against the Company or any of its subsidiaries and which judgments are not, within sixty (60) days after the entry thereof, bonded, discharged or stayed pending appeal, or are not discharged within sixty (60) days after the expiration of such stay; provided, however, that any judgment which is covered by insurance or an indemnity from a credit worthy party shall not be included in calculating the $250,000 amount set forth above so long as the Company provides the holder with a written statement from such insurer or indemnity provider (which written statement shall be reasonably satisfactory to the holder) to the effect that such judgment is covered by insurance or an indemnity and the Company will receive the proceeds of such insurance or indemnity within thirty (30) days of the issuance of such judgment; |
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10) | | The Company breaches any representation, warranty, covenant or other term or condition of any transaction document, except, in the case of a breach of a covenant which is curable, only if such breach continues for a period of at least ten (10) consecutive business days; |
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11) | | Any breach or failure in any respect to comply with the terms of the Notes; or |
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12) | | Any trigger event that occurs with respect to any other obligations of the Company. |
At any time after becoming aware of a trigger event, the holder may require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Notes at an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid liquidated damages, plus the greater of (A) the conversion amount to be redeemed multiplied by the redemption premium (125% for trigger events described above in subparagraphs 1) to 4) and 9) to 12) above or 100% for other events), or (B) the conversion amount to be redeemed multiplied by the quotient of (i) the closing sale price at the time of the trigger event (or at the time of payment of the redemption price, if greater) divided by (ii) the conversion price, provided, however, (B) shall be applicable only in the event that a trigger event of the type specified above in subparagraphs 1), 2), 3) or 4) has occurred and remains uncured or the conversion shares otherwise could not be received or sold by the holder without any resale restrictions.
Change of Control
1) | | Assumption. The Company may not enter into or be party to a Fundamental Transaction (as defined below) unless: |
| • | | The successor entity assumes in writing all of the obligations of the Company under the Notes and related documents; and |
| • | | The successor entity (including its parent entity) is a publicly traded corporation whose common stock is quoted on or listed for trading on an eligible market. |
2) | | Redemption Right. At any time during the period beginning on the date of the holder’s receipt of a change of control notice and ending twenty (20) trading days after the consummation of such change of control, the holder may require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Notes in cash for an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid liquidated damages, plus the greater of (i) the product of (x) the conversion amount being redeemed and (y) the quotient determined by dividing (A) the greater of the closing sale price of the common stock immediately prior to the consummation of the change of control, the closing sale price immediately following the public announcement of such proposed change of control and the closing sale price of the common stock immediately prior to the public announcement of such proposed change of control by (B) the conversion price and (ii) 125% of the conversion amount being redeemed . |
The material terms of the Warrants are as follows:
Exercise of Warrant and Exercise Price
The Warrants may be exercised by the holder on any day on or after issuance, at the holder’s election in cash or, as to the Series A warrants, the holder may decide to elect to receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock pursuant to a cashless exercise based on a formula, considering the then current market value of the Company’s common stock, only if such shares issuable have not been registered.
If the Company issues or sells, or is deemed to have issued or sold, any shares of common stock for a consideration per share less than a price equal to the exercise price in effect immediately prior to such issue or sale or deemed issuance or sale, then immediately after such dilutive issuance, the exercise price then in effect shall be reduced to an amount equal to the new issuance price. Upon each such adjustment of the exercise price, the number of Warrant shares shall be adjusted to the number of shares of common stock determined by multiplying the exercise price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment by the number of Warrant shares acquirable upon exercise of the Warrants immediately prior to such adjustment and dividing the product thereof by the exercise price resulting from such adjustment. In addition, the Company shall reduce the exercise price and increase the number of Warrant shares proportionately in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or recapitalization.
Fundamental Transaction
In the event that the Company directly or indirectly consolidates, merges into another entity or allows another person to purchase more than 50% of the outstanding shares of common stock and that entity is a publicly traded corporation that does not assume the Warrants (the “Fundamental Transaction”), then the holder may request the successor entity to pay cash to the holder equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of warrants on the date of the Fundamental Transaction.
For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2008, $4.9 million of Series A and B convertible notes were converted into our common shares. The Company recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $4.6 million as a result of the conversion based on the quoted market closing price of its common shares on the conversion dates.
The loss on debt extinguishment is computed at the conversion dates as follow:
| | Fiscal Years Ended | |
| | September 30, 2008 | | | September 30, 2007 | |
Fair value of the common shares | | $ | 6,009,000 | | | $ | - | |
Unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the converted notes | | | 712,000 | | | | - | |
Fair value of the CED liability associated with the converted notes | | | (2,053,000 | ) | | | - | |
Accreted amount of the notes discount | | | (54,000 | ) | | | - | |
Loss on debt extinguishment | | $ | 4,614,000 | | | $ | - | |
For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2008, the Company recorded $4.6 million of loss on debt extinguishment from Series A and B convertible notes. This loss was offset by a gain on debt extinguishment from settlement agreement with Coach Capital LLC in the amount of $0.4 million. The net amount of $4.2 million loss on debt extinguishment is included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
NOTE 10 — STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Warrants
During November 2006, in connection with the sale of the Company’s common stock, the board of directors approved the issuance of a warrant to purchase an additional 2,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The warrant is exercisable at $1 per share and expired as of November 20, 2007.
During March 2007, in conjunction with the issuance of $17,300,000 in convertible debt, the board of directors approved the issuance of Warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The 7,246,377 Series A warrants and the 21,578,948 Series B warrants are exercisable at $1.21 and $0.90, respectively and expire in March 2012. In addition, in March 2007, as additional compensation for services as placement agent for the convertible debt offering, the Company issued the Advisor Warrants, which entitle the placement agent to purchase 507,247 and 1,510,528 shares of the Company’s common stock at exercise prices of $0.69 and $0.57 per share, respectively. The Advisor Warrants expire in March 2012.
The warrants (including the advisor warrants) are classified as a liability in accordance with SFAS No. 150, as interpreted by FASB Staff Position 150-1 “Issuer’s Accounting for Freestanding Financial Instruments Composed of More Than One Option or Forward Contract Embodying Obligations under FASB Statement No. 150, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity,” due to the terms of the warrant agreements which contain cash redemption provisions in the event of a fundamental transaction, which provide that the Company would repurchase any unexercised portion of the warrants at the date of the occurrence of the fundamental transaction for the value as determined by the Black-Scholes Merton valuation model. As a result, the warrants are measured at fair value both initially and in subsequent periods. Changes in fair value of the warrants are recorded in the account “gain (loss) on fair market value of warrant liability” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
On January 11, 2008, the Company sold 24,318,181 shares of its common stock and 24,318,181 Series C warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $21.4 million in a private placement offering to accredited investors. The exercise price of the warrants is $1.00 per share. The warrants are exercisable for a period of 5 years from the date of issuance of the warrants.
For the services in connection with this closing, the placement agent and the selected dealer, Knight Capital Markets, LLC and Ardour Capital Investments, received an aggregate of a 6.0% cash commission, a 1.0% advisory fee and warrants to purchase 1,215,909 shares of common stock at $0.88 per share, exercisable for a period of 5 years from the date of issuance of the warrants. The net proceeds from issuing common stock and Series C warrants in January 2008 after all the financing costs were $19.9 million and were recorded in additional paid in capital and common stock. Neither the shares of common stock nor the shares of common stock underlying the warrants sold in this offering were granted registration rights. Additionally, in connection with the offering all of the Series A and Series B warrant holders waived their full ratchet anti-dilution and price protection rights previously granted to them in connection with the notes and related warrant financing.
A summary of warrant activity through September 30, 2008 is as follows:
| | Number of Shares | | Exercise Price ($) | | Recognized as |
Granted in connection with common stock purchase | | 2,500,000 | | 1.00 | | Additional paid in capital |
Granted in connection with convertible notes — Series A | | 7,246,377 | | 1.21 | | Discount to notes payable |
Granted in connection with convertible notes — Series B | | 21,578,948 | | 0.90 | | Discount to notes payable |
Granted in connection with placement service | | 507,247 | | 0.69 | | Deferred financing cost |
Granted in connection with placement service | | 1,510,528 | | 0.57 | | Deferred financing cost |
Outstanding at September 30, 2007 | | 33,343,100 | | | | |
Granted in connection with common stock purchase — Series C | | 24,318,181 | | 1.00 | | Additional paid in capital |
Granted in connection with placement service | | 1,215,909 | | 0.88 | | Additional paid in capital |
Expired | | (2,500,000) | | 1.00 | | Additional paid in capital |
Outstanding at September 30, 2008 | | 56,377,190 | | | | |
At September 30, 2008, the range of warrant prices for shares under warrants and the weighted-average remaining contractual life is as follows:
Warrants Outstanding and Exercisable | |
| | | | | | | | | Weighted- | |
| | | | | | Weighted- | | | Average | |
Range of | | | | | | Average | | | Remaining | |
Warrant | | | Number of | | | Exercise | | | Contractual | |
Exercise Price | | | Warrants | | | Price | | | Life | |
$ | 0.57-$0.69 | | | | 2,017,775 | | | $ | 0.60 | | | | 3.46 | |
$ | 0.88-$1.00 | | | | 47,113,038 | | | $ | 0.95 | | | | 3.91 | |
$ | 1.21 | | | | 7,246,377 | | | $ | 1.21 | | | | 3.44 | |
Restricted Stock
On August 19, 2008, Mr. Leo Young, our Chief Executive Officer, entered into a Stock Option Cancellation and Share Contribution Agreement with Jean Blanchard, a former officer, to provide for (i) the cancellation of a stock option agreement by and between Mr. Young and Ms. Blanchard dated on or about March 1, 2006 and (ii) the contribution to the Company by Ms. Blanchard of the remaining 25,250,000 shares of common stock underlying the cancelled option agreement.
On the same day, an Independent Committee of the Company’s Board adopted the 2008 Restricted Stock Plan (the “2008 Plan”)providing for the issuance of 25,250,000 shares of restricted common stock to be granted to the Company’s employees pursuant to forms of restricted stock agreements.
The 2008 Plan provides for the issuance of a maximum of 25,250,000 shares of restricted stock in connection with awards under the 2008 Plan. The 2008 Plan is administered by the Company’s Compensation Committee, a subcommittee of our Board of Directors, and has a term of 10 years. Restricted stock vest over a three year period and unvested restricted stock are forfeited and cancelled as of the date that employment terminates. Participation is limited to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries and other affiliates. During any period in which shares acquired pursuant to the 2008 Plan remain subject to vesting conditions, the participant shall have all of the rights of a stockholder of the Company holding shares of stock, including the right to vote such shares and to receive all dividends and other distributions paid with respect to such shares. If a participant terminates his or her service for any reason (other than death or disability), or the participant’s service is terminated by the Company for cause, then the participant shall forfeit to the Company any shares acquired by the participant which remain subject to vesting Conditions as of the date of the participant’s termination of service. If a participant’s service is terminated by the Company without cause, or due to the death or disability of the participant, then the vesting of any restricted stock award shall be accelerated in full as of the effective date of the participant’s termination of service.
The following table summarizes the activity of the Company’s unvested restricted stock units as of September 30, 2008 and changes during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2008, is presented below:
| | Restricted Stocks | |
| | | | Weighted- | |
| | | average grant- | |
| shares | | date fair value | |
Nonvested as of September 30, 2007 | | | — | | | | — | |
Restricted stocks granted | | | 25,250,000 | | | $ | 0.62 | |
Restricted stocks vested | | | — | | | | — | |
Restricted stocks canceled | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Nonvested as of September 30, 2008 | | | 25,250,000 | | | $ | 0.62 | |
Stock-based compensation cost for restricted stock for the year ended 2008 was $0.6 million. As of September 30, 2008, the total unrecognized compensation cost net of forfeitures relate to unvested awards not yet recognized is $15.1 million and is expected to be amortized over a weighted average period of 2.9 years.
Options
Non-Plan Options
Pursuant to an option agreement dated March 1, 2006 between Ms. Blanchard, a former officer and director, and Mr. Young, the President of the Company, the President had the right and option to purchase a total of 36,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $0.0001 per share, until February 10, 2010. The options granted under the agreement vested in three equal installments over a period of two years, with the first installment vesting immediately, and the remaining installments vesting at 12 and 24 months after the date of the agreement. During the year ended September 30, 2006, the President exercised 10,750,000 options to purchase 10,750,000 shares. The remaining 25,250,000 options were cancelled and shares of common stock underlying the option were returned to the company on August 19, 2008. Stock compensation charge related to non –plan options were $3.5 million and $8.5 million for the year ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The Black-Scholes stock price valuation model with the following assumptions was used to calculate the stock compensation charge:
| • | | Volatility of 82.57% |
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| • | | Risk-free interest rate of 4.65% |
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| • | | Expected lives – 4 years |
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| • | | No dividend yield |
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| • | | Market value per share of stock on measurement date of $0.70 |
Summary information regarding these options is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Options Outstanding | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Weighted | | | | |
| | Number | | | | | | | | | | | | | Number | | | Average | | | Weighted | |
| | of | | | | | | | | | | | | | Outstanding | | | Remaining | | | Average | |
| | Options | | | | Exercise | | | | | | | | | At September | | | Contractual | | | Exercise | |
| | Granted | | Expiration Date | | Price | | | Exercised | | | Cancelled | | | | 30, 2008 | | | Life (year) | | | Price | |
Granted to Leo Young, the President, March 1, 2006 | | | 36,000,000 | | February 10, 2010 | | $ | 0.0001 | | | | 10,750,000 | | | | 25,250,000 | | | | - | | | | - | | | $ | 0.0001 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Granted to Frank Fang Xie, a former director, March 1, 2006 | | | 1,500,000 | | February 10, 2010 | | $ | 0.0001 | | | | 1,500,000 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | $ | 0.0001 | |
Total | | | 37,500,000 | | | | | | | | | 12,250,000 | | | | 25,250,000 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | | |
Mr. Xie’s option vested on the grant date in March 2006. The option to purchase 25.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock for Mr. Young has vested in March 2008. On August 19, 2008, the remaining outstanding options for Mr. Young were cancelled and shares were contributed back to the Company.
Amended and Restated 2007 Equity Incentive Plan
In September 2007, the Company adopted the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”) that allows the Company to grant non-statutory stock options to employees, consultants and directors. A total of 10,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock are authorized for issuance under the 2007 Plan. The maximum number of shares that may be issued under the 2007 Plan will be increased for any options granted that expire, are terminated or repurchased by the Company for an amount not greater than the holder’s purchase price and may also be adjusted subject to action by the stockholders for changes in capital structure. Stock options may have exercise prices of not less than 100% of the fair value of a share of stock at the effective date of the grant of the option.
On February 5, 2008, the Board of Directors of Solar EnerTech Nevada adopted the Amended and Restated 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Amended 2007 Plan”), which increases the number of shares authorized for issuance from 10 million to 15 million shares of common stock and was to be effective upon approval of the Company’s stockholders and upon the Company’s reincorporation into the State of Delaware. On May 5, 2008, at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the Company’s stockholders approved the Amended 2007 Plan. On August 13, 2008, the Company reincorporated into the State of Delaware. As of September 30, 2008 and 2007, 7,339,375 and 2,700,000 shares of common stock remain available for future grants under the Amended 2007 Plan.
These options vest over various periods up to four years and expire no more than ten years from the date of grant. A summary of activity under the Amended 2007 Plan is as follows:
| | Shares Available For Grant | | | Number of Shares | | | Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share | | | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share | |
Balance at September 30, 2006 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Shares reserved | | | 10,000,000 | | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
Options granted | | | (7,300,000 | ) | | | 7,300,000 | | | $ | 0.66 | | | $ | 1.20 | |
Options exercised | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Options cancelled | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Balance at September 30, 2007 | | | 2,700,000 | | | | 7,300,000 | | | $ | 0.66 | | | $ | 1.20 | |
Additional shares reserved | | | 5,000,000 | | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
Options cancelled | | | 509,375 | | | | (509,375 | ) | | $ | 0.42 | | | $ | 0.85 | |
Options granted | | | (870,000 | ) | | | 870,000 | | | $ | 0.37 | | | $ | 0.61 | |
Balance at September 30, 2008 | | | 7,339,375 | | | | 7,660,625 | | | $ | 0.39 | | | $ | 0.62 | |
The total fair value of shares vested during the year was $726,000.
At September 30, 2008 and September 30, 2007, 7,660,625 and 7,300,000 options were outstanding, respectively and had a weighted-average remaining contractual life of 9.03 years and 9.99 years, respectively and a weighted average exercise price of $0.62 and $1.20, respectively. Of these options, 3,477,506 and 1,453,338 shares were vested and exercisable on September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The weighted-average exercise price and weighted-average remaining contractual term of options currently exercisable were $0.62 and 9 years, respectively.
The fair values of employee stock options granted were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
| | Year Ended September 30, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
Volatility | | | 99.2 | % | | | 83.6 | % |
Expected dividend | | | 0.0 | % | | | 0.0 | % |
Risk-free interest rate | | | 2.42 | % | | | 4.10 | % |
Expected term in years | | | 2.8 | | | | 2.9 | |
Weighted-average fair value | | $ | 0.35 | | | $ | 0.65 | |
On May 9, 2008, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the repricing of all outstanding options issued to current employees, directors, officers and consultants prior to February 5, 2008 under the 2007 Plan to $0.62, determined in accordance with the 2007 Plan as the closing price for shares of Common Stock on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board on the date of the repricing.
The Company repriced a total of 7,720,000 shares of Common Stock underlying outstanding options. The other terms of the options, including the vesting schedules, remained unchanged as a result of the repricing. Total additional compensation expense on non-vested options relating to the May 9, 2008 repricing is approximately $0.4 million which will be expensed ratably over the remaining vesting period. Additional compensation expense on vested options relating to the May 9, 2008 repricing is approximately $0.3 million which was fully expensed as of June 30, 2008. The repriced options had originally been issued with $0.94 to $1.65 per share option exercise prices, which prices reflected the then current market prices of our stock on the dates of original grant. As a result of the recent sharp reduction in our stock price, our Board of Directors believed that such options no longer would properly incentivize our employees, officers, directors and consultants who held such options to work in the best interests of our company and stockholders.
In accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123(R), the Company has recorded stock-based compensation expense of $5.6 million and $9.3 million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, which include the compensation effect for the options repriced. The stock-based compensation expense is based on the fair value of the options at the grant date. We recognized compensation expense for share-based awards based upon their value on the date of grant amortized over the applicable service period, less an allowance estimated future forfeited awards.
NOTE 11 — NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share applicable to common stockholders:
| | Year Ended September 30, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | | | | |
Calculation of net income (loss) per share - basic: | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 5,539,000 | | | $ | (29,432,000 | ) |
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding | | | 75,944,461 | | | | 78,396,108 | |
Net income (loss) per share - basic | | $ | 0.07 | | | $ | (0.38 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Calculation of net loss per share - diluted: | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 5,539,000 | | | $ | (29,432,000 | ) |
Less: Gain on change in fair market value of compound embedded derivative | | | (13,767,000 | ) | | | — | |
Interest expense on convertible notes | | | 1,035,000 | | | | — | |
Less: Gain on change in fair market value of advisor warrants | | | (982,000 | ) | | | — | |
Less: Gain on change in fair market value of Series B warrants | | | (9,870,000 | ) | | | — | |
Net loss assuming dilution | | $ | (18,045,000 | ) | | $ | (29,432,000 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding | | | 75,944,461 | | | | 78,396,108 | |
Effect of potentially dilutive securities: | | | | | | | | |
Warrants issued to advisors | | | 388,866 | | | | — | |
Convertible notes | | | 20,962,588 | | | | — | |
Series B Warrants | | | 828,659 | | | | — | |
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding | | | | | | | | |
assuming dilution | | | 98,124,574 | | | | 78,396,108 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net loss per share - diluted | | $ | (0.18 | ) | | $ | (0.38 | ) |
NOTE 12 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Operating lease
The Company leases several of its facilities under operating leases.
Minimum payments under these leases are as follows:
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, | | Amount | |
2009 | | $ | 709,000 | |
2010 | | | 421,000 | |
2011 | | | - | |
2012 | | | - | |
2013 | | | - | |
After 2013 | | | - | |
| | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,130,000 | |
Rent expense under operating leases was $0.8 million and $0.3 million in fiscal years 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Capital investments
Pursuant to a joint research and development laboratory agreement with Shanghai University, dated December 15, 2006 and expiring on December 15, 2016, Solar EnerTech is committed to fund the establishment of laboratories and completion of research and development activities. The Company committed to invest no less than RMB5 million each year for the first three years and no less than RMB30 million cumulatively for the first five years. The following table summarizes the commitments in U.S. dollars based upon a translation of the RMB amounts into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of 6.8183.
Year | Amount | |
2008 (Remaining balance)* | | $ | 904,000 | |
2009 | | | 939,000 | |
2010 | | | 939,000 | |
2011 | | | 1,115,000 | |
| | | | |
Total | | $ | 3,897,000 | |
* | The amount includes approximately $83,000 of 2007 commitment, which remained unpaid as of September 30, 2008. The Company intends to increase research and development spending as we grow our business. The payment to Shanghai University will be used to fund program expenses and equipment purchase. The delay in the payment of remaining fiscal years 2007 and 2008 commitments of $904,000 could lead to Shanghai University requesting the Company pay the committed amount within a short time frame. If the Company does not pay and is unable to correct the breach within the requested time frame, Shanghai University could seek compensation up to an additional 15% of the total committed amount for approximately $660,000. As of the date of this report, the Company has not received any compensation request from Shanghai University. |
The agreement is for shared investment in research and development on fundamental and applied technology in the fields of semi-conductive photovoltaic theory, materials, cells and modules. The agreement calls for Shanghai University to provide equipment, personnel and facilities for joint laboratories. The Company will provide funding, personnel and facilities for conducting research and testing. Research and development achievements from this joint research and development agreement will be available to both parties. The Company is entitled to intellectual property rights including copyrights and patents obtained as a result of this research.
Expenditures under this agreement will be accounted for as research and development expenditures under Statement of Financial Accounting Standard #2 – ‘Accounting for Research and Development Costs’ and expensed as incurred.
NOTE 13 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
At September 30, 2008 and 2007, the accounts payable and accrued liabilities, related party balance was $5.5 million and $4.0 million, respectively. The $5.5 million accrued liability represents $4.5 million of compensation expense related to the Company’s obligation to withhold tax upon exercise of stock options by Mr. Young in the fiscal year 2006 and the related interest and penalties, and $1.0 million of indemnification provided by the Company to Mr. Young for any liabilities he may incur as a result of previous stock options granted to him by Ms. Blanchard, a former officer, in conjunction with the purchase of Infotech on August 19, 2008.
NOTE 14 — FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Solar EnerTech identifies its operating segments based on its business activities and geographical locations. Solar EnerTech operates within a single operating segment, the manufacture of solar energy cells.
Solar EnerTech operates in the United States and in China. All of the Company’s sales occurred in China and substantially all of the Company’s fixed assets are located in China.
No events or disagreements occurred requiring disclosure under Item 304 of Regulation S-K.
Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We conducted an evaluation required by Rule 13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of September 30, 2008.
The evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures included a review of our processes and implementation and the effect on the information generated for use in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the course of this evaluation, we sought to identify any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our disclosure controls and procedures, to determine whether we had identified any acts of fraud involving personnel who have a significant role in our disclosure controls and procedures and to confirm that any necessary corrective action, including procedure improvements, was documented. Based on our evaluation as of September 30, 2008, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and or our Board of Directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the interim or annual consolidated financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2008, using the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).
In evaluating the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2008, management concluded that the Company’s lack of finance and accounting personnel with an appropriate level of knowledge, experience and training in the application of U.S. GAAP resulted in audit adjustments to our fiscal year 2008 annual consolidated financial statements. Additionally, this control deficiency could result in a material misstatement of our interim or annual consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, management has determined that this control deficiency constitutes a material weakness.
“A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.”
The material weakness described above could result in a material misstatement of the company’s annual consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. Based on this assessment, our company’s management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of September 30, 2008.
Remediation of Material Weakness
We have engaged in, and will continue to engage in, substantial efforts to address the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. The audit committee will continue to monitor the remediation plan to address the material weakness noted in prior periods and which remains at the completion of this evaluation of the company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
To remediate the material weakness described above, the company has implemented or plans to implement the remedial measures described below.
| | · | Hire additional qualified professionals or consultants with relevant experience for support our finance and accounting department; |
| | | Provide additional training to our existing personnel; |
| | | |
| | | Increase the level of interaction among our management, audit committee, independent auditors and other external advisors; |
| | · | Improve and upgrade our ERP system which was put in service in the third quarter of fiscal year 2008; and |
| | · | Establish policies and procedures which will serve as guidelines to our existing employees. |
Management believes the additional temporary reviews and monitoring procedures instituted by the Company in the first quarter of 2009 have mitigated the control deficiencies with respect to the preparation of this annual report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during our fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.
None.
Directors and Executive Officers
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and executive officers. There are no family relationships among our executive officers and directors.
Name | Age | Position |
Leo Shi Young | 54 | Director, President and Chief Executive Officer |
Shi Jian Yin | 52 | Director, Vice-President, Chief Operating Officer |
Robert Coackley | 73 | Director |
Donald Morgan | 63 | Director |
Kevin Koy | 49 | Director |
Anthea Chung | 40 | Chief Financial Officer |
LEO SHI YOUNG, Director, President and Chief Executive Officer since April 2006
Prior to becoming our President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Young was the co-founder, President and Chief Executive Officer of InfoTech Essentials Inc., an energy-saving technology company in China from 2001 to 2006. Mr. Young was a senior member of the California trade delegation to China in 2005, headed by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, and currently serves as an organizing committee member of China’s National Renewable Energy Forum. Mr. Young holds an MBA from Fordham University, New York (2005); an MA from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (1985); and a BA from Tsinghua University of Beijing (1982).
SHI JIAN YIN, Director, Vice President and Chief Operating Officer since May 2006
Prior to joining us in May of 2006, Mr. Yin was the founder and General Manager of Shanghai TopSolar Inc. Mr. Yin’s business experience includes management positions at Shanghai Jiaotong University Gofly Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai Fenghuang Co., Ltd., Beijing Green Environment Technology Co., Ltd., as well as a number of senior positions at Shanghai Fenghuang Co., Ltd. Mr. Yin was awarded two Science and Technology Awards by the Chinese government for his research accomplishments. Mr. Yin earned his MBA (1992) and BA (1988) from Shanghai University of Communications, majoring in Engineering and Material Science.
ROBERT COACKLEY, Director since February 2008
Mr. Coackley joined our board in February 2008. Mr. Coackley has been President and Chief Executive Officer at several public and private technology companies. He is currently Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of IP Video Networks, Inc., based in San Diego, California. Mr. Coackley is also President of CEO Excel. Mr. Coackley also currently serves as the Chairman of the board of directors at OFID Micro Devices, Inc. and as a director at Swapstar, Inc., both private companies. Mr. Coackley teaches Business Finance and Business Valuation at UC Berkeley Extension. Mr. Coackley holds a B. Sc. Honors Degree in Electrical Engineering from City University, London, England.
DONALD MORGAN, Director since September 2007
Mr. Morgan joined our board in September 2007. Mr. Morgan has served as a senior financial executive for over 30 years. He has worked with U.S. and international companies ranging from small cap to Fortune 500. At present, Mr. Morgan is a financial consultant employed by Resources Connection, a publicly-listed consulting company. From February 2007 until April 2008, Mr. Morgan was a financial consultant to OSIsoft, a private software company. From 2005 until his retirement in 2006, Mr. Morgan was Chief Financial Officer of RAE Systems Inc. Mr. Morgan worked as consultant for Armanino McKenna, LLP, a public accounting firm from September 2004 until he joined RAE Systems in January 2005. Mr. Morgan was also Chief Financial Officer of Larscom Incorporated (from 1999 to 2004) and Inrange Technologies Corporation (from 1991 to 1997). He began his financial career at Unisys Corporation. Mr. Morgan holds a B.S. degree in Business Administration from Northeastern University and a M.S. degree in Finance from the University of Illinois.
KEVIN KOY, Director since September 2007
Mr. Koy joined our board in September 2007. Mr. Koy has over 20 years experience in business management and development. Since 2004, Mr. Koy has been managing Old World Homes, LLC, an innovative construction firm that he co-founded. From 2002 to 2004, Mr. Koy was the Director of Corporation Development, Business School, University of Chicago and Director, External Affairs, Chemistry, of Northwestern University. These positions were supported by his entrepreneur background and experience which includes positions as CEO of Northfield Consulting Group; CEO of Dauphin Technologies, Inc., the first hand-held computer company; CEO of VictorMaxx technologies, Inc., a virtual reality computing company, and Market Logic Group Ltd. Mr. Koy holds a BA degree from Grinnell College in Grinnell, Iowa.
ANTHEA CHUNG, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary since June and September 2007
Ms. Chung joined us in June 2007. From August 2004 until June 2007, Ms. Chung served as Vice President and Corporate Controller of RAE Systems Inc., a publicly traded corporation located in San Jose, California, which is a leading global developer and manufacturer of rapidly-deployable, multi-sensor chemical and radiation detection monitors and networks. Prior to August 2004, from December 2001 to August 2004, Ms. Chung worked as Corporate Controller of TLZ Inc. a global distributor of laser measurement tools located in Mountain View, California. Ms. Chung started her career at PricewaterhouseCoopers as an auditor where she spent five years working in the United States and three years working in China. Ms. Chung holds a Bachelor of Science degree in accounting from Indiana University at Bloomington and is a certified public accountant registered in the state of California.
Audit Committee
The members of the Audit Committee are Messrs. Morgan (Chair), Coackley and Koy. The Board of Directors has determined that each current member of the Audit Committee is “independent,” as such term is defined under the applicable NASDAQ Stock Market listing standards and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as they apply to audit committee members. The Board of Directors has also determined that each member of the Audit Committee is financially literate, and that Mr. Morgan is a “financial expert,” as such term is defined by the applicable regulations of the SEC.
The functions of the Audit Committee include retaining our independent auditors, reviewing their independence, reviewing and approving the planned scope of our annual audit, reviewing and approving any fee arrangements with our auditors, overseeing their audit work, reviewing and pre-approving any non-audit services that may be performed by them, reviewing the adequacy of accounting and financial controls, reviewing our critical accounting policies and reviewing and approving any related party transactions.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 requires any person who is our director or executive officer or who beneficially holds more than 10% of any class of our securities which have been registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, to file reports of initial ownership and changes in ownership with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These persons are also required under the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file.
Based solely on a review of copies of such reports furnished to us and written representations that no other reports were required during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2008, we believe that all persons subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) filed the required reports on a timely basis with the SEC, except as follows:
Insider | | Filing | | Date of Transaction | | Filing Date |
Jack Shijian Yin | | Form 3 | | Mar. 15, 2006 | | Feb. 25, 2008 |
Luxor Capital Group, LP | | Form 3 | | Jan. 15, 2008 | | Jan. 28, 2008 |
The Quercus Trust | | Form 3 | | Jan. 14, 2008 | | Jan. 28, 2008 |
Kevin Koy | | Form 4 | | Jan. 4, 2008 | | Mar. 3, 2008 |
Kevin Koy | | Form 4 | | Apr. 30, 2008 | | May 14, 2008 |
Donald Morgan | | Form 4 | | Apr. 30, 2008 | | May 14, 2008 |
The Quercus Trust | | Form 4 | | May 8, 2008 | | May 12, 2008 |
Leo Shi Young | | Form 4 | | Aug. 19, 2008 | | Aug. 29, 2008 |
Jack Shijian Yin | | Form 4 | | Aug. 19, 2008 | | Aug. 29, 2008 |
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on our website at www.solarenertech.com.
The following table and discussion sets forth information with respect to all compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our Chief Executive Officer and to any executive officer whose annual salary and bonus exceeded $100,000 during our last completed fiscal year.
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
| | | | | | | Option Awards($) | | Other Compensation | | |
Name and principal position | Year | | Salary ($) | | (1) | | ($) | | Total ($) |
Leo Shi Young, (7) | 2008 | | 132,000 | | 279,000 | | (4) | 18,000 | | (3) | 429,000 |
President and Chief Executive Officer | 2007 | | 36,000 | | 8,450,000 | | (2) | 24,000 | | (3) | 8,510,000 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shi Jian Yin, | 2008 | | 74,000 | | 181,000 | | (5) | | | | 255,000 |
Chief Operating Officer | 2007 | | 32,000 | | | | | | | | 32,000 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Anthea Chung, | 2008 | | 130,000 | | 550,000 | | (6) | 32,000 | | (3) | 712,000 |
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary | 2007 | | 43,000 | | 203,000 | | (6) | | | | 246,000 |
(1) | Option award values reflect the amortization expense recognized by the Company in accordance with FASB Statement No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment” (“FAS 123(R)”), during fiscal year 2007 for unvested and outstanding stock option grants. The total value to be expensed over the amortization or vesting period for each award was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with assumptions as disclosed in this Form 10-KSB in Item 7 Financial Statements, Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies under the heading “Stock Based Compensation.” |
| |
(2) | Under an agreement dated March 1, 2006, Mr. Young was granted an option to purchase a total of 36 million shares of common stock directly from Jean Blanchard, our former President at a price of $0.0001 per share until February 10, 2010. The amount shown reflect the grant date fair value computed in accordance with FAS 123R. The outstanding option were returned to the Company on August 19, 2008. |
| |
(3) | The Company provided apartment while Mr. Young and Ms. Chung were working in the Shanghai office. |
| |
(4) | On August 19, 2008, Mr. Young was granted 11.75 million restricted shares. These shares are vested in 3 years. The amount shown reflect the grant date fair value computed in accordance with FAS 123R. |
| |
(5) | On August 19, 2008, Mr. Ying was granted 7.6 million restricted shares. These shares are vested in 3 years. The amount shown reflect the grant date fair value computed in accordance with FAS 123R. |
| |
(6) | Represents two options granted to Ms. Chung effective September 25, 2007 under the terms of the Company’s 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, with an exercise price of $0.62. |
| |
(7) | Under the terms of the Executive Incentive Agreement, Mr. Young is entitled to receive: (i) an annual base salary of $200,000, increased to $250,000 for the calendar year 2009 if the Company reaches certain operating and financial metrics agreed upon between the Board of Directors and Mr. Young and increased to $300,000 for the calendar year 2010 if the Company reaches certain operating and financial metrics agreed upon between the Board of Director and Mr. Young (to be revisited if 2009 metrics are not met); (ii) options for up to 1.5 million shares of the Company’s common stock if the Company reaches certain operating and financial metrics agreed upon between the Board of Director and Mr. Young, which would vest twelve (12) months after the date of the grant with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant; (iii) severance arrangement of a lump sum payment in an amount equal to eighteen (18) months of Mr. Young’s then effective base salary under certain conditions; and (iv) other benefits as set forth in the Executive Incentive Agreement attached as Exhibit 10.2 to our Form 8-K filed on August 19, 2008. |
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2008
| | Option Awards | | Stock Awards |
| | Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) | | Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) | | Option Exercise | | Option Expiration | | Number of Shares or Units of Stock (#) That Have Not | | Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not |
Name | | Exercisable | | Unexercisable | | Price ($) | | Date | | Vested (#) | | | Vested ($) (1) | |
Leo Shi Young | | | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 11,750,000 | | (2) | 3,407,500 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shi Jian Yin | | | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 7,600,000 | | (3) | 2,204,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Anthea Chung | | | 500,000 | | (4) | | 0 | | | 0.62 | | | 2/25/2017 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 666,667 | | (4) | | 1,333,333 | | (4) | 0.62 | | | 2/25/2017 | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Based on a closing price of Solar EnerTech’s common stock of $0.29 on September 30, 2008. |
(2) | On August 19, 2008, Mr. Young was granted 11.75 million shares of restricted stock. These shares will vest 20% on August 19, 2010 and 80% on August 19, 2011. |
(3) | On August 19, 2008, Mr. Yin was granted 7.6 million shares of restricted stock. These shares will vest 20% on August 19, 2010 and 80% on August 19, 2011. |
(4) | Represents two options granted to Ms. Chung effective September 25, 2007 under the terms of the Company’s Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, with an exercise price of $0.62 per share. |
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Name | | | Option Awards ($) | | All Other Compensation ($) | | Total ($) |
Leo Shi Young (1) | | - | | | - | | | - | |
Shi Jian Yin (1) | | - | | | - | | | - | |
Donald Morgan | | 79,000 | | (2) | 4,200 | | (3) | 83,200 | |
Kevin Koy | | 47,000 | | (2) | 4,200 | | (3) | 51,200 | |
Robert Coackley | | 29,000 | | (2) | 4,200 | | (3) | 33,200 | |
(1) | Please see the Summary Compensation Table above with respect to compensation earned by Messrs Young and Yin as executive officers of the Company. |
| |
(2) | The amount shown reflect the grant date fair value computed in accordance with FAS123R. |
| |
(3) | Cash compensation received by each board member. |
Compensation of Directors
Narrative to Director Compensation Table
On February 22, 2008, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors recommended and the Board adopted the following compensation arrangements for our non-employee directors:
| | Attendance Fees | | Stock Option Award |
| | |
All Board Members | | $1,500 per Board meeting attended in person; $300 per Board meeting attended telephonically | | 25,000 shares vesting ratably over one year |
| | |
| | |
Audit Committee | | $1,500 per committee meeting attended in person; $300 per committee meeting attended telephonically (1) | | — |
Audit Committee Chair | | — | | Additional award of 175,000 shares vesting ratably over one year |
| | |
Compensation Committee | | $1,500 per committee meeting attended in person; $300 per committee meeting attended telephonically (1) | | — |
| | |
Compensation Committee Chair | | — | | Additional award of 75,000 shares vesting ratably over one year |
| | |
Nominating and Governance Committee | | $1,500 per committee meeting attended in person; $300 per committee meeting attended telephonically (1) | | — |
| | |
Nominating and Governance Committee Chair | | — | | Additional award of 75,000 shares vesting ratably over one year |
______________
(1) | Attendance of committee meetings that are held on the same day with a general Board meeting do not result in receiving additional attendance fees for attendance of the committee meeting. |
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan Category | | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) | | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) | | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column a) (c) |
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | | 7,660,625 | | (1) | $ | 0.62 | | 7,339,375 |
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | | — | | | $ | — | | — |
(1) Represents options to purchase common stock issued pursuant to the terms of the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated.
a — Our common stock is currently quoted by the Over-The-Counter Bulletin Board under the symbol “SOEN.OB”.
b — We have approximately 55 record holders on September 30, 2008.
c — No cash dividend has been declared.
Amended and Restated 2007 Equity Incentive Plan
On September 24, 2007, our Board of Directors approved the adoption of the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”). The 2007 Plan provides for the issuance of a maximum of 10 million shares of common stock in connection with awards under the 2007 Plan. Such awards may include stock options, restricted stock purchase rights, restricted stock bonuses and restricted stock unit awards. The 2007 Plan may be administered by the Company’s Board of Directors or a committee duly appointed by the Board of Directors and has a term of 10 years. Participation in the Plan is limited to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries and other affiliates. Options granted under the 2007 Plan must have an exercise price per share not less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the 2007 Plan may not have a term exceeding 10 years. Awards will vest upon conditions established by the Board of Directors or its duly appointed Committee. Subject to the requirements and limitations of section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, in the event of a Change in Control (as defined in the 2007 Plan), the Board of Directors may provide for the acceleration of the exercisability or vesting and/settlement of any award, the Board of Directors may provide for a cash-out of awards or the Acquirer (as defined in the 2007 Plan) may either assume or continue the Company’s rights and obligations under any awards.
On February 5, 2008, the Board of Directors adopted the Amended and Restated 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Amended 2007 Plan”), which increases the number of shares authorized for issuance from 10 million to 15 million shares of common stock and was to be effective upon approval of the Company’s stockholders and upon the Company’s reincorporation into the State of Delaware. On May 5, 2008, at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the Company’s stockholders approved the Amended 2007 Plan. On August 13, 2008, the Company reincorporated into the State of Delaware.
On May 9, 2008, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the repricing of all outstanding options issued to current employees, directors, officers and consultants prior to February 5, 2008 under the 2007 Plan to $0.62, determined in accordance with the 2007 Plan as the closing price for shares of Common Stock on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board on the date of the repricing.
As of September 30, 2008, the Board of Directors granted options to purchase 7,660,625 shares of our common stock to our employees, director and consultants.
2008 Restricted Stock Plan
On August 19, 2008, Mr. Leo Young, our Chief Executive Officer, entered into a Stock Option Cancellation and Share Contribution Agreement with Jean Blanchard, a former officer, to provide for (i) the cancellation of a stock option agreement by and between Mr. Young and Ms. Blanchard dated on or about March 1, 2006 and (ii) the contribution to the Company by Ms. Blanchard of the remaining 25,250,000 shares of common stock underlying the cancelled Option Agreement.
On the same day, an Independent Committee of the Company’s Board adopted the 2008 Restricted Stock Plan (the “2008 Plan”) providing for the issuance of 25,250,000 shares of restricted common stock to be granted to the Company’s employees pursuant to forms of restricted stock agreements.
The 2008 Plan provides for the issuance of a maximum of 25,250,000 shares of restricted stock in connection with awards under the 2008 Plan. The 2008 Plan is administered by the Company’s Compensation Committee, a subcommittee of our Board of Directors, and has a term of 10 years. Restricted stock vest over a three year period and unvested restricted stock are forfeited and cancelled as of the date that employment terminates. Participation is limited to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries and other affiliates. During any period in which shares acquired pursuant to the 2008 Plan remain subject to vesting conditions, the participant shall have all of the rights of a stockholder of the Company holding shares of stock, including the right to vote such shares and to receive all dividends and other distributions paid with respect to such shares. If a participant terminates his or her service for any reason (other than death or disability), or the participant’s service is terminated by the Company for cause, then the participant shall forfeit to the Company any shares acquired by the participant which remain subject to vesting Conditions as of the date of the participant’s termination of service. If a participant’s service is terminated by the Company without cause, or due to the death or disability of the participant, then the vesting of any restricted stock award shall be accelerated in full as of the effective date of the participant’s termination of service.
Options
Non-Plan Options
Pursuant to an option agreement dated March 1, 2006 between Ms. Blanchard, a former officer and director, and Mr. Young, the President of the Company, the President had the right and option to purchase a total of 36,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $0.0001 per share, until February 10, 2010. The options granted under the agreement vest in three equal installments over a period of two years, with the first installment vesting immediately, and the remaining installments vesting at 12 and 24 months after the date of the agreement. During the year ended September 30, 2006, the President exercised 10,750,000 options to purchase 10,750,000 shares and transferred 5,750,000 shares to various employees of Infotech Shanghai. The Company recorded stock compensation charge of $10,695,000 in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2006 for the transfer of shares to the employees.
Pursuant to an option agreement dated March 1, 2006 with Ms. Blanchard, a former officer and director, and Mr. Xie, a former director of the Company, Mr. Xie had the right and option to purchase a total of 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $0.0001 per share, until February 10, 2010. The options granted under the agreement vested immediately. Mr. Xie exercised the 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in April 2008.
Mr. Xie’s option vested on the grant date in March 2006. The option to purchase 25.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock for Mr. Young vested in March 2008.
Effective August 19, 2008 the Company, purchased Infotech through a series of agreements. As part of the purchase, the Company terminated the original agency relationship with Infotech, terminated a management agreement with Mr. Leo Young, the Company’s current President and Chief Executive Officer, and signed a new incentive compensation agreement with Mr. Young in to replace the management agreement. In addition, an option to purchase 25,250,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $0.0001 per share held by Mr. Young was cancelled, with the underlying shares contributed to the Company.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following tables sets forth security information as of November 30, 2008, as to each person or group who is known to us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding voting securities, each of our executive officers and directors and of all of our executive officers and directors as a group. On November 30, 2008, we had 112,444,346 shares of common stock outstanding.
Beneficial ownership is determined under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally includes voting or investment power over securities. Except in cases where community property laws apply or as indicated in the footnotes to this table, we believe that each shareholder identified in the table possesses sole voting and investment power over all shares of common stock shown as beneficially owned by the shareholder.
Shares of common stock subject to options or warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days after November 30, 2008 are considered outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding the options for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
| | Number of Shares | | | | |
Name and Address | | Beneficially Owned | | | Percentage Owned | |
The Quercus Trust (1) | | | 39,580,797 | (4) | | | 28.69 | % |
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Luxor Capital Group, L.P. (2) | | | 39,361,309 | (5) | | | 27.41 | % |
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Capital Ventures International (3) | | | 8,825,477 | (6) | | | 7.28 | % |
(1) The address for The Quercus Trust is 1835 Newport Blvd., A109-PMB 467, Costa Mesa, CA 92627.
(2) The address for Luxor Capital is 767 Fifth Avenue, 19th Floor, New York, NY 10153.
(3) The address for Capital Ventures International is One Capitol Place, P.O. Box 1787 GT, Grand Cayman Islands, B.W.I.
(4) Included common stock outstanding of 14.1 million shares, warrants of 22.0 million shares and convertible note of 3.5 million shares.
(5) Included common stocks, warrants and convertible notes held by Luxor Capital and its related parties. Included common stock outstanding of 8.2 million shares, warrants of 19.7 million shares and convertible note of 11.5 million shares.
(6) Included warrants of 4.6 million shares and convertible note of 4.2 million shares.
Security Ownership of Management
| | Number of Shares | | | | |
Name and Address (1) | | Beneficially Owned | | | Percentage | |
Leo Shi Young | | | 15,284,286 | (2) | | | 13.64 | % |
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Shi Jian Yin | | | 11,100,000 | (3) | | | 9.91 | % |
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Anthea Chung | | | 1,333,333 | (4) | | | 1.18 | % |
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Donald Morgan | | | 191,667 | (5) | | | * | |
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Kevin Koy | | | 95,833 | (6) | | | * | |
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Robert Coackley | | | 100,000 | (7) | | | * | |
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All directors and officers as a group | | | 27,980,119 | | | | 24.59 | % |
* Beneficially owns less than 1% of our outstanding common shares and options.
| (1) | The address for our officers and directors is 1600 Adams Drive, Menlo Park, California 94025 |
| (2) | Mr. Young was granted 11.75 million of restricted shares on August 19, 2008. 20% of these shares will be vested on August 19, 2010 and 80% will be vested on August 19, 2011. As of September 30, 2008, none of the shares have been vested. These restricted shares bear voting rights and therefore are included in this calculation. |
| (3) | Mr. Shi Jian Yin was granted 7.5 million of restricted shares on August 19, 2008. 20% of these shares will be vested on August 19, 2010 and 80% will be vested on August 19, 2011. As of September 30, 2008, none of the shares have been vested. These restricted shares bear voting rights and therefore are included in this calculation. |
| (4) | Represents two options granted to Ms. Chung effective September 25, 2007 under the terms of the Company’s 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated. |
| (5) | Represents the vested and exercisable of two options granted to Mr. Morgan effective September 25, 2007 and February 22, 2008 under the terms of the Company’s 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated. |
| (6) | Represents the vested and exercisable of an option granted to Mr. Koy effective September 25, 2007 and February 22, 2008 under the terms of the Company’s 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated. |
| (7) | Represents the vested and exercisable of an option granted to Mr. Coackley effective February 5, 2008 under the terms of the Company’s 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated. |
In the fiscal year ended September 30, 2006, the Company accrued $4.4 million of compensation expense related to the Company’s obligation to withhold tax upon exercise of stock options by Mr. Young, our President and Chief Executive Officer. The withholding tax absorbed by the Company was accounted for as additional compensation expense to the employee. During fiscal year 2007, our President and Chief Executive Officer paid $460,000 of tax related to exercise of the stock options. Accordingly, the Company reduced accrued liability and general and administrative expense by $460,000 during the fiscal year 2007.
At September 30, 2008 and 2007, the accounts payable and accrued liabilities, related party balance was $5.5 million and $4.0 million, respectively. The $5.5 million accrued liability represents $4.5 million of compensation expense related to the Company’s obligation to withhold tax upon exercise of stock options by Mr. Young in the fiscal year 2006 and the related interest and penalties, and $1.0 million of indemnification provided by the Company to Mr. Young for any liabilities he may incur as a result of previous stock options granted to him by Ms. Blanchard, a former officer, in conjunction with the purchase of Infotech on August 19, 2008.
DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The Board of Directors is presently comprised of Leo Shi Young, Shi Jian Yin, Donald Morgan, Kevin Koy and Robert Coackley. Of such directors, Robert Coackley, Kevin Koy and Donald Morgan are each an “independent director” as such term is defined in Marketplace Rule 4200(a)(15) of the listing standards of the NASDAQ Stock Market. The Company was not a party to any transaction, relationship or other arrangement with any of its “independent directors” that was considered by our Board of Directors under Marketplace Rule 4200(a)(15) in the determination of such director’s independence.
Audit Fees
The aggregate fees billed by our auditors for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements and the review of our quarterly financial statements for the years ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, were as follows:
| | Fiscal Year 2008 | | | Fiscal Year 2007 | |
Ernst & Young Hua Ming — Audit fee | | $ | 420,000 | | | $ | 275,000 | |
Ernst & Young Hua Ming — Audit related fees | | | 22,000 | | | | | |
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Total | | $ | 442,000 | | | $ | 275,000 | |
Tax Fees
We paid no fees to auditors for tax compliance, tax advice or tax compliance services during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
All Other Fees
We did not incur any other fees billed by auditors for services rendered to our Company, other than the services covered in “Audit Fees” for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2008 and 2007.
Pre-Approval Policies Regarding Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services
Our Board of Directors’ policy is to pre-approve all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by our independent auditors. These services may include audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services. Pre-approval is generally provided for up to one year and any pre-approval is detailed as to the particular service or category of services. The independent auditor and management are required to periodically report to the Audit Committee regarding the extent of services provided by the independent auditor in accordance with this pre-approval.
The following documents are being filed as part of this report on Form 10-K:
(a) Index to Consolidated Financial Statements:
(b) Exhibits
2.1 | | Agreement and Plan of Merger with Solar EnerTech Corp., a Nevada corporation and our predecessor in interest, dated August 13, 2008, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 2.1 to our Form 8-K filed on August 14, 2008. |
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3.1 | | Certificate of Incorporation, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to our Form 8-K filed on August 14, 2008. |
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3.2 | | By-laws, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.2 to our Form 8-K filed on August 14, 2008. |
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4.1 | | Specimen Common Stock Certificate, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to our Form 8-K filed on August 14, 2008. |
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4.2 | | Form of Notice of Repricing, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to our Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2008. |
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10.1 | | Consulting Services Agreement by and between the Company and Anthea Chung effective December 9, 2008.* |
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10.2 | | Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 19, 2008, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed on August 19, 2008. |
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10.3 | | Executive Incentive, Change of Control Retention and Severance Agreement entered into between the Company and Mr. Young dated August 19, 2008, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to our Form 8-K filed on August 19, 2008. |
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10.4 | | 2008 Restricted Stock Incentive Plan established effective as of August 19, 2008, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to our Form 8-K filed on August 19, 2008. |
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10.5 | | Forms of Restricted Stock Agreement, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to our Form 8-K filed on August 19, 2008. |
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10.6 | | Form of Indemnity Agreement, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed on August 14, 2008. |
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10.7 | | Amended and Restated 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to our Form 8-K filed on August 14, 2008. |
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10.8 | | Notice of Grant and Stock Option Agreement (For Participant Resident in the United States of America), incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to our Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2007. |
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10.9 | | Notice of Grant and Stock Option Agreement (For Participant Resident in The Peoples Republic of China), incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to our Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2007. |
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10.10 | | Form of Securities Purchase Agreement between the Company and certain Buyers (as defined therein) dated as of January 11, 2008, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.29 to our Form 8-K filed on January 16, 2008. |
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10.11 | | Form of Series C Warrant dated as of January 11, 2008, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.30 to our Form 8-K filed on January 16, 2008. |
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10.12 | | Letter Agreement between the Company and Knight Capital Markets, LLC dated February 15, 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to our Form SB-2 filed on April 23, 2007. |
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10.13 | | Indemnification Agreement between the Company and Knight Capital Markets, LLC dated February 15, 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to our Form SB-2 filed on April 23, 2007. |
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10.14 | | Form of Securities Purchase Agreement between the Company and certain Buyers (as defined therein) dated as of March 7, 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2007. |
10.15 | | Form of Series A Convertible Note dated as of March 7, 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to our Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2007. |
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10.16 | | Form of Series B Convertible Note dated as of March 7, 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to our Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2007. |
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10.17 | | Form of Series A Warrant dated as of March 7, 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to our Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2007. |
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10.18 | | Form of Series B Warrant dated as of March 7, 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.5 to our Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2007. |
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10.19 | | Form of Registration Rights Agreement dated as of March 7, 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.6 to our Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2007. |
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10.20 | | Form of Lock-up Agreement with officers and directors of the Company dated as of March 7, 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.7 to our Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2007. |
10.21 | | Demand Promissory Note dated January 24, 2007 in the amount of $100,000 in favor of Coach Capital LLC, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.15 to our Form SB-2 filed on April 23, 2007. |
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10.22 | | Convertible Debenture dated February 4, 2007 in the amount of $300,000 in favor of Coach Capital LLC, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.17 to our Form SB-2 filed on April 23, 2007. |
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10.23 | | Joint R&D Laboratory Agreement between Solar EnerTech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai University dated December 15, 2006, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.19 to our Form SB-2 filed on April 23, 2007. |
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10.24 | | Repayment Agreement between the Company and Infotech Essentials, Inc. dated January 1, 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.23 to our Form SB-2 filed on April 23, 2007. |
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10.25 | | Settlement and Release Agreement between the Company and Coach Capital LLC dated December 10, 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.23 to our Form 10-KSB filed on December 28, 2007. |
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10.26 | | Management Agreement between the Company and Qizhuang Cai dated effective April 6, 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.27 to our Form SB-2 filed on April 23, 2007. |
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10.27 | | Settlement Agreement between the Company and Knight Capital Markets, LLC dated effective March 9, 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.28 to our Form SB-2 filed on April 23, 2007. |
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10.28 | | Management Agreement between the Company and Ming-Wai Anthea Chung dated effective June 1, 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed on June 7, 2007. |
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10.29 | | Form of Indemnity Agreement entered into between the Company and its directors, officers and certain other employees, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2007. |
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10.30 | | Lease Agreement between Solar EnerTech, Ltd. and Shanghai Jin Qiao Technology Park, Ltd. commenced on February 20, 2006, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to our Form 8-K filed on May 12, 2006. |
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10.31 | | Supply-Purchase Contract between Solar EnerTech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Jiangsu Photavaltaic Industry Development Co., Ltd. dated 2007, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.22 to our Form SB-2 filed on April 23, 2007. |
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14.1 | | Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 14.1 to our Form 8-K filed on February 11, 2008. |
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| | Subsidiaries of the Registrant* |
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| | Consent of Independent Registered Accounting Firm* |
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| | Section 302 Certification – Chief Executive Officer* |
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| | Section 302 Certification – Chief Financial Officer* |
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| | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Chief Executive Officer.* |
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| | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Chief Financial Officer.* |
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| | SOLAR ENERTECH CORP. | | |
Date: December 22, 2008 | | | | | | |
| | By: | | /s/ Leo Shi Young | | |
| | | | Leo Shi Young President/Chief Executive Officer | | |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Leo Shi Young and Anthea Chung, and each of them individually, as his attorney-in-fact, each with full power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities to sign any and all amendments to this Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same with, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, or his or her substitute, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
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| By: | | /s/ Leo Shi Young | | | Date: December 22, 2008 |
| | | Leo Shi Young President/Chief Executive Officer | | | |
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| By: | | /s/ Anthea Chung | | | Date: December 22, 2008 |
| | | Anthea Chung Chief Financial Officer | | | |
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| By: | | /s/ Shi Jian Yin | | | Date: December 22, 2008 |
| | | Shi Jian Yin General Manager/Chief Operating Officer | | | |
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| By: | | /s/ Donald Morgan | | | Date: December 22, 2008 |
| | | Donald Morgan Director | | | |
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| By: | | /s/ Kevin Koy | | | Date: December 22, 2008 |
| | | Kevin Koy Director | | | |
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| By: | | /s/ Robert Coackley | | | Date: December 22, 2008 |
| | | Robert Coackley Director | | | |