Revenue Recognition | (3) Revenue Recognition The Company broadly groups its services into the following categories: truckload services, brokerage services, intermodal services, dedicated services and value-added services. Truckload services include dry van, flatbed, heavy-haul and refrigerated operations. We transport a wide variety of general commodities, including automotive parts, machinery, building materials, paper, food, consumer goods, furniture, steel and other metals on behalf of customers in various industries. To complement our available capacity, we provide customers freight brokerage services by utilizing third-party transportation providers to move freight. Brokerage services also include full service domestic and international freight forwarding, and customs brokerage. Intermodal services include rail-truck, steamship-truck and support services. Our intermodal support services are primarily short-to-medium distance delivery of rail and steamship containers between the railhead or port and the customer and drayage services. Dedicated services are primarily provided in support of automotive and retail customers using specialized van equipment. Dedicated services also include our final mile and ground expedited services. Our dedicated services are primarily short run or round-trip moves within a defined geographic area. (3) Revenue Recognition - continued Value-added services, which are typically dedicated to individual customer requirements, include material handling, consolidation, sequencing, sub-assembly, cross-dock services, kitting, repacking, warehousing and returnable container management. Value-added revenues are substantially driven by the level of demand for outsourced logistics services. Major factors that affect value-added service revenue includes changes in manufacturing supply chain requirements and production levels in specific industries, particularly the North American automotive and Class-8 heavy-truck industries. Revenue is recognized as control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for its services. Our t ransportation services businesses include he adoption of ASU 2014-09 changed the timing of revenue recognition for transportation services from at delivery to over-time as the performance obligations on the in-transit services are completed. Transportation services are short-term in nature; agreements governing their provision generally have a term of less than one year. They do not contain significant financing components. In accordance with ASU 2014-09, the Company recognizes revenue over the period transportation services are provided to the customer, including service performed as of the end of the reporting period for loads currently in transit, in order to recognize the value that is transferred to a customer over the course of the transportation service. We determine revenue in-transit using the input method, under which revenue is recognized based on the duration of time that has lapsed from the departure date (start of transportation services) to the arrival date (completion of transportation services). Measurement of revenue in transit requires the application of significant judgment. We calculate the estimated percentage of an order’s transit time that is complete at period end, and we apply that percentage of completion to the order’s estimated revenue. For the Company’s value-added service businesses, the adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not change the timing of revenue recognition. The contracts in our value-added services businesses are negotiated agreements, which contain both fixed and variable components. The variability of revenues is driven by volumes and transactions, which are known as of an invoice date. Value-added service contracts typically have terms that extend beyond one year, and they do not include financing components. The timing of revenue recognition for value-added services will remain the same, as we have elected to use the “right to invoice” practical expedient, The following table provides information related to contract balances associated with our contracts with customers (in thousands): March 31, 2018 January 1, 2018 Prepaid expenses and other - contract assets $ 2,098 $ 1,361 We generally receive payment for performance obligations within 45 days of completion of transportation services and 65 days for completion of value-added services. Contract assets in the table above generally relate to revenue in transit at the end of the reporting period. Practical expedients The Company elected to use the following practical expedients that are available under ASC 606: (i) to apply the new revenue standard to a portfolio of contracts (or performance obligations) with similar characteristics, as we reasonably expect that the effects on the financial statements of applying this guidance to the portfolio would not differ materially from applying this guidance to the individual contracts; (ii) to recognize commission expense when incurred, which we consider to be a cost to obtain a contract, because the amortization period is less than one year; and (iii) to recognize revenue in the value-added services portfolio in the amount of consideration to which we have a right to invoice, that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the service completed to date. The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed. (3) Revenue Recognition - continued In accordance with the new revenue standard requirements, the impact of adoption on our consolidated statement of income and balance sheet was as follows (in thousands): Thirteen Weeks Ended March 31, 2018 Financial Statement Line Item Under ASC 605 Adjustment As Reported Consolidated Statement of Income Truckload services $ 75,780 $ 1,412 $ 77,192 Brokerage services 77,749 410 78,159 Intermodal services 46,428 181 46,609 Dedicated services 27,980 95 28,075 Purchased transportation and equipment rent 160,240 1,771 162,011 Commission expense 8,876 37 8,913 Income tax expense 3,645 77 3,722 Net income 10,221 213 10,434 Consolidated Balance Sheet Prepaid income taxes 870 (77 ) 793 Prepaid expenses and other 16,025 2,098 18,123 Accounts payable 102,048 1,808 103,856 Retained earnings 198,510 213 198,723 See also Note 13 for information on revenue reported by segment. |