UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________________
FORM 10-Q
Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2009
Commission File Number 001-32924
Green Plains Renewable Energy, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Iowa |
| 84-1652107 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
| (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
9420 Underwood Avenue, Suite 100
Omaha, NE 68114
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(402) 884-8700
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. X. Yes . No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). . Yes . No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer . Accelerated filer . Non-accelerated filer X. Smaller reporting company .
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). . Yes X. No
The number of shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding as of July 31, 2009 was 24,954,639 shares.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ||
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Item 1. | Financial Statements |
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| Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3 |
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| Consolidated Statements of Operations | 4 |
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| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 5 |
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| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 7 |
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22 |
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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 30 |
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Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 32 |
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION |
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Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 33 |
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Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 33 |
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Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 33 |
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Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 33 |
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Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | 33 |
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Item 5. | Other Information | 33 |
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Item 6. | Exhibits | 34 |
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Signatures | 35 |
2
GREEN PLAINS RENEWABLE ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share amounts)
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| June 30, 2009 |
| December 31, 2008 | ||
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| (unaudited) |
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ASSETS | ||||||||
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Current assets |
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| Cash and cash equivalents |
| $ | 55,322 |
| $ | 65,111 | |
| Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $539 and $174, and including |
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| amounts from related parties of $1,477 and $2,177, respectively |
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| 48,664 |
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| 54,306 |
| Inventories |
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| 64,741 |
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| 47,033 | |
| Prepaid expenses and other |
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| 4,685 |
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| 13,069 | |
| Deposits |
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| 9,243 |
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| 10,385 | |
| Derivative financial instruments |
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| 7,096 |
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| 3,065 | |
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| Total current assets |
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| 189,751 |
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| 192,969 |
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Property and equipment, net |
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| 494,148 |
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| 495,772 | ||
Investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries |
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| 1,357 |
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| 1,377 | ||
Financing costs and other |
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| 13,347 |
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| 2,948 | ||
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| Total assets |
| $ | 698,603 |
| $ | 693,066 |
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LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||
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Current liabilities |
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| Accounts payable, including amounts to related parties |
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| of $1,140 and $9,824, respectively |
| $ | 44,386 |
| $ | 61,711 |
| Accrued liabilities |
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| 11,067 |
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| 14,595 | |
| Unearned revenue |
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| 17,608 |
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| - | |
| Derivative financial instruments |
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| 9,813 |
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| 4,538 | |
| Current maturities of long-term debt |
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| 36,718 |
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| 27,405 | |
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| Total current liabilities |
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| 119,592 |
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| 108,249 |
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Long-term debt |
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| 293,955 |
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| 299,011 | ||
Other liabilities |
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| 5,324 |
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| 5,821 | ||
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| Total liabilities |
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| 418,871 |
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| 413,081 |
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Stockholders' equity |
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| Common stock, $0.001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; |
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| 24,954,639 and 24,659,250 shares issued and outstanding, respectively |
| 25 |
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| 25 | |
| Additional paid-in capital |
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| 291,172 |
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| 290,421 | |
| Accumulated deficit |
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| (19,173) |
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| (10,459) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
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| (224) |
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| (298) | |
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| Total Green Plains stockholders' equity |
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| 271,800 |
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| 279,689 |
| Noncontrolling interests |
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| 7,932 |
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| 296 | |
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| Total stockholders' equity |
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| 279,732 |
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| 279,985 |
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| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |
| $ | 698,603 |
| $ | 693,066 |
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
3
GREEN PLAINS RENEWABLE ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited and in thousands, except per share amounts)
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| Three Months Ended |
| Six Months Ended | ||||||||
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| June 30, |
| June 30, | ||||||||
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| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2009 |
| 2008 | ||||
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Revenues |
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| Ethanol | $ | 206,111 |
| $ | 259 |
| $ | 367,965 |
| $ | 259 | |
| Grain |
| 21,367 |
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| - |
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| 38,685 |
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| - | |
| Agronomy products |
| 20,507 |
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| - |
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| 24,968 |
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| - | |
| Distillers grains |
| 34,210 |
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| - |
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| 69,091 |
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| - | |
| Other |
| 2,460 |
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| - |
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| 5,028 |
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| - | |
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| Total revenues |
| 284,655 |
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| 259 |
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| 505,737 |
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| 259 |
Cost of goods sold |
| 269,772 |
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| 165 |
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| 488,975 |
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| 165 | ||
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| Gross profit |
| 14,883 |
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| 94 |
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| 16,762 |
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| 94 |
Operating expenses |
| 10,747 |
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| 1,461 |
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| 19,806 |
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| 3,414 | ||
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| Operating income (loss) |
| 4,136 |
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| (1,367) |
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| (3,044) |
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| (3,320) |
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Other income (expense) |
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| Interest income |
| 53 |
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| 13 |
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| 127 |
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| 13 | |
| Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized |
| (3,830) |
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| (10) |
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| (6,344) |
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| (68) | |
| Other, net |
| 214 |
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| 2 |
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| 548 |
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| (4) | |
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| Total other income (expense) |
| (3,563) |
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| 5 |
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| (5,669) |
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| (59) |
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Income (loss) before income taxes |
| 573 |
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| (1,362) |
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| (8,713) |
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| (3,379) | ||
Income tax provision (benefit) |
| - |
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | ||
Net income (loss) |
| 573 |
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| (1,362) |
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| (8,713) |
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| (3,379) | ||
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |
| 54 |
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| 190 |
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| (1) |
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| 420 | ||
Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains | $ | 627 |
| $ | (1,172) |
| $ | (8,714) |
| $ | (2,959) | ||
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Earnings (loss) per share: |
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| Income attributable to Green Plains stockholders - basic | $ | 0.03 |
| $ | (0.16) |
| $ | (0.35) |
| $ | (0.39) | |
| Income attributable to Green Plains stockholders - diluted | $ | 0.03 |
| $ | (0.16) |
| $ | (0.35) |
| $ | (0.39) | |
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Weighted average shares outstanding: |
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| Basic | 24,941 |
| 7,498 |
| 24,903 |
| 7,498 | |||||
| Diluted | 24,944 |
| 7,498 |
| 24,903 |
| 7,498 |
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
4
GREEN PLAINS RENEWABLE ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited and in thousands)
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| Six Months Ended | ||||
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| June 30, | ||||
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| 2009 |
| 2008 | ||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
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| Net loss attributable to Green Plains |
| $ | (8,714) |
| $ | (2,959) | |||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash |
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| provided (used) by operating activities: |
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| Depreciation and amortization |
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| 12,995 |
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| 21 | ||
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| Unrealized (gains) losses on derivative financial instruments |
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| 1,330 |
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| - | ||
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| Stock-based compensation expense |
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| 447 |
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| 136 | ||
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| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
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| Accounts receivable |
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| 6,913 |
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| - | |
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| Inventories |
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| (17,708) |
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| (1,846) | |
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| Deposits |
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| 1,142 |
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| - | |
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| Derivative financial instruments |
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| 133 |
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| - | |
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| Prepaid expenses and other assets |
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| 7,728 |
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| 1,270 | |
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| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
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| (21,836) |
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| 3,856 | |
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| Unearned revenues |
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| 17,608 |
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| - | |
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| Other |
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| (503) |
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| - | |
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| Net cash provided (used) by operating activities |
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| (465) |
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| 478 |
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Cash flows from investing activities: |
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| Purchases of property and equipment |
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| (3,185) |
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| (70,834) | |||
| Acquisition of business |
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| (7,500) |
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| - | |||
| Withdrawal of restricted cash |
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| - |
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| 2,204 | |||
| Cash acquired in acquisition of subsidiary |
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| 4,280 |
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| - | |||
| Purchases of investments |
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| - |
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| (1,411) | |||
| Other |
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| (234) |
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| (421) | |
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| Net cash used by investing activities |
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| (6,639) |
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| (70,462) |
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Cash flows from financing activities: |
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| Proceeds from the issuance of debt |
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| 47,450 |
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| - | |||
| Payments of principal on long-term debt |
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| (48,399) |
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| - | |||
| Proceeds from notes payable |
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| - |
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| 68,861 | |||
| Proceeds from exercises of stock options |
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| 40 |
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| - | |||
| Capital contributions |
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| - |
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| 2,575 | |||
| Payments of loan fees and equity in creditors |
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| (1,776) |
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| (1,587) | |||
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| Net cash provided (used) by financing activities |
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| (2,685) |
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| 69,849 |
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Net change in cash and equivalents |
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| (9,789) |
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| (135) | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |
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| 65,111 |
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| 1,774 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |
| $ | 55,322 |
| $ | 1,639 | ||||
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Continued on the following page |
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5
GREEN PLAINS RENEWABLE ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited and in thousands)
Continued from the previous page |
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| Six Months Ended | ||||
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| June 30, | ||||
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| 2009 |
| 2008 | ||
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Supplemental disclosures of cash flow: |
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| Cash paid for income taxes |
| $ | - |
| $ | - | |||
| Cash paid for interest |
| $ | 5,280 |
| $ | 58 | |||
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Noncash additions to property and equipment: |
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| Property and equipment acquired in acquisition |
| $ | 7,437 |
| $ | - | |||
| Capital lease obligation incurred for equipment |
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| 535 |
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| - | |||
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| Total noncash additions to property and equipment |
| $ | 7,972 |
| $ | - | ||
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Supplemental noncash investing and financing activities: |
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| Assets acquired in acquisition |
| $ | 21,593 |
| $ | - | |||
| Less: liabilities assumed |
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| (6,202) |
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| - | |||
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| Total noncash investing and financing activities |
| $ | 15,391 |
| $ | - |
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
6
GREEN PLAINS RENEWABLE ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1.
BASIS OF PRESENTATION, DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
References to the Company
References to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Green Plains” or the “Company” in the consolidated financial statements and in these notes to the consolidated financial statements refer to Green Plains Renewable Energy, Inc., an Iowa corporation, and its subsidiaries.
Reverse Acquisition Accounting
VBV LLC (“VBV”) and its subsidiaries became wholly-owned subsidiaries of Green Plains Renewable Energy, Inc. pursuant to a merger on October 15, 2008. Under the purchase method of accounting in a business combination effected through an exchange of equity interests, the entity that issues the equity interests is generally the acquiring entity. In some business combinations (commonly referred to as reverse acquisitions), however, the acquired entity issues the equity interests. Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 141, “Business Combinations,” requires consideration of the facts and circumstances surrounding a business combination that generally involve the relative ownership and control of the entity by each of the parties subsequent to the merger. Based on a review of these factors, the October 2008 merger with VBV (the “Merger”) was accounted for as a reverse acquisition (i.e., Green Plains was considered the acquired company and VBV was considered the acquiring company).
As a result, Green Plains’ assets and liabilities as of October 15, 2008, the date of the Merger closing, have been incorporated into VBV’s balance sheet based on the fair values of the net assets acquired, which equaled the consideration paid for the acquisition. SFAS No. 141 also requires an allocation of the acquisition consideration to individual assets and liabilities including tangible assets, financial assets, separately recognized intangible assets, and goodwill. Further, the Company’s operating results (post-Merger) include VBV’s operating results prior to the date of closing and the results of the combined entity following the closing of the Merger. Although VBV was considered the acquiring entity for accounting purposes, the Merger was structured so that VBV became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Green Plains Renewable Energy, Inc.
Change in Fiscal Year End
Effective April 1, 2008, to more closely align our year end with that of the majority of our peer group, we changed our year end to December 31 (from VBV’s fiscal year end of March 31).
Consolidated Financial Statements
In the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, all references to the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 are related to VBV and its subsidiaries as the predecessor company pursuant to reverse acquisition accounting rules. Although pre-merger Green Plains had been producing ethanol since August 2007, under reverse acquisition accounting rules, the merged Company’s consolidated financial statements reflect VBV’s results as a development stage company (from inception on September 28, 2006 until September 2008) and as an operating company since September 2008. Accordingly, the Company’s comparative operating results (post-Merger) include the operating results of VBV and its subsidiaries prior to the date of the Merger and the results of the combined entity following the closing of the Merger.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain amounts previously reported have been reclassified to conform to the current quarter presentation.
7
The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2008, which has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements as filed in our annual report for the transition period then ended and the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) have been omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The consolidated financial statements at June 30, 2009, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 a nd 2008, are unaudited and reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature, except as otherwise disclosed herein, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation, in all material respects, of the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. The results of the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. The consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K as filed with the SEC and notes thereto and risk factors contained therein for the nine-month transition period ended December 31, 2008.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Description of Business
Green Plains was formed in June 2004 to construct and operate dry mill, fuel grade ethanol production facilities. Ethanol is a renewable, environmentally clean fuel source that is produced at numerous facilities in the United States, mostly in the Midwest. In the U.S., ethanol is produced primarily from corn and then blended with unleaded gasoline in varying percentages.
To add shareholder value, Green Plains expanded its business operations beyond ethanol production to integrate a full-service grain and agronomy business (via the April 2008 acquisition of Great Lakes Cooperative), ethanol marketing services, (see Note 3 related to the October 2008 merger between Green Plains and VBV, which provided additional ethanol production and marketing services) and terminal and distribution assets (see Note 4 related to the January 2009 acquisition of majority interest in Blendstar LLC, a biofuel terminal operator). As discussed above, under reverse acquisition accounting rules, VBV was considered the acquiring company in the October 2008 merger.
VBV was formed in September 2006 to capitalize on biofuels opportunities available within the United States. The goal was to create a company in the ethanol business with an integrated network combining production, distribution and marketing. VBV purchased controlling interest in two development stage ethanol plants: Indiana Bio-Energy, LLC, now known as Green Plains Bluffton LLC, and Ethanol Grain Processors, LLC, now known as Green Plains Obion LLC. Both plants were designed as dry mill, natural gas fired ethanol plants with estimated production capacity of 110 million gallons per year of fuel grade ethanol.
Operations commenced at our Shenandoah, IA plant in August 2007, and at our Superior, IA plant in July 2008. Each of these ethanol plants has expected production capacity of 55 million gallons per year (“mmgy”). In September 2008 and November 2008, respectively, the Bluffton, IN and Obion, TN facilities commenced ethanol production activities. Prior to the commencement of ethanol production at the Bluffton plant, VBV had no significant revenue-producing operations and had historically incurred net losses from operations during its development stage. At full capacity, the combined ethanol production of our four facilities is 330 million gallons per year. Processing at full capacity will consume approximately 120 million bushels of corn and produce approximately 1,020,000 tons of distillers grains.
The Company also has an in-house fee based marketing business, Green Plains Trade Group LLC (“Green Plains Trade”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, which provides ethanol marketing services to other producers in the ethanol industry. We have entered into several ethanol marketing agreements with third parties, pursuant to which the Company has agreed to market substantially all of the ethanol that is expected to be produced by such parties on an annual basis. Annual production from these third-party plants is expected to be approximately 305 million gallons. Our plan is to expand our third-party ethanol marketing operations. Green Plains Trade is also now responsible for the sales, marketing and distribution of all ethanol produced at our production facilities.
In April 2008, Green Plains completed the acquisition of Great Lakes Cooperative, a full-service cooperative that specializes in grain, agronomy, feed and petroleum products with seven locations in northwestern Iowa. Now known as Green Plains Grain Company LLC (“Green Plains Grain”), this business complements the ethanol plants in its grain handling and marketing, as well as grain procurement required in ethanol processing.
8
In January 2009, the Company acquired majority interest in Blendstar LLC, a Houston-based biofuel terminal operator with six facilities in five states. Green Plains owns 51% of Blendstar (seeNote 4 – Acquisition for further discussion related to this acquisition).
In July 2009, the Company acquired two ethanol plants from a lender group led by AgStar Financial Services. The plants are located in Ord, NE and Central City, NE and add 50 and 100 million gallons of annual expected production capacity, respectively.
The Company believes that as a result of the 2008 mergers, the January 2009 Blendstar acquisition, and the recent acquisition of the Ord and Central City plants, the combined enterprise is a stronger, more competitive company capable of achieving greater financial strength, operating efficiencies, earning power, access to capital and growth than could have been realized previously.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when all of the following criteria are satisfied: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; risk of loss and title transfer to the customer; the price is fixed and determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.
Previously, the Company sold ethanol and distillers grains in-house and via third-party marketers, who were our customers for purposes of revenue recognition. Specifically, Green Plains Superior LLC, Green Plains Bluffton and Green Plains Obion each had contracted with independent marketers to purchase all of their ethanol production. These third-party marketers were responsible for subsequent sales, marketing, and shipping of the ethanol and distillers grains. Accordingly, once the ethanol or distillers grains were loaded into rail cars and bills of lading were generated, the criteria for revenue recognition were considered to be satisfied and sales were recorded. The agreements with these third-party marketers terminated in January 2009 and February 2009. Green Plains Trade is now responsible for the sales, marketing and distribution of all ethanol produced at the Company’s four production facilities.
For sales of ethanol and distillers grains by Green Plains Trade, revenue is recognized when title to the product and risk of loss transfer to the customer. Revenues related to Green Plains Trade’s third-party marketing operations are recorded on a gross basis in the consolidated financial statements, as Green Plains Trade takes title to the product and assumes risk of loss. Under our contract with CHS, Inc., certain shipping costs for dried distillers grains are incurred directly by us, which are reflected in cost of goods sold. For distillers grains sold to local farmers, bills of lading are generated and signed by the driver for outgoing shipments, at which time sales are recorded. Revenues from Blendstar, which offers ethanol transload and splash blending services, are recognized as these services are rendered.
The Company routinely enters into fixed-price, physical-delivery ethanol sales agreements. In certain instances, the Company intends to settle the transaction by open market purchases of ethanol rather than by delivery from its own production. These transactions are reported net as a component of revenues.
Sales of agricultural commodities, fertilizers and other similar products are recognized when title to the product and risk of loss transfer to the customer, which is dependent on the agreed upon sales terms with the customer. These sales terms provide for passage of title either at the time shipment is made or at the time the commodity has been delivered to its destination and final weights, grades and settlement prices have been agreed upon with the customer. Shipping and handling costs are included as a component of cost of goods sold.Revenues from grain storage are recognized as services are rendered. Revenues related to grain merchandising are presented gross.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold includes costs for direct labor, materials and certain plant overhead costs. Direct labor includes all compensation and related benefits of non-management personnel involved in the operation of our ethanol plants. Grain purchasing and receiving costs, other than labor costs for grain buyers and scale operators, are also included in cost of goods sold. Direct materials consist of the costs of corn feedstock, denaturant, and process chemicals. Corn feedstock costs include realized and unrealized gains and losses on related derivative financial instruments, inbound freight charges, inspection costs and internal transfer costs. Plant overhead costs primarily consist of plant utilities, plant depreciation, sales commissions and outbound freight charges. Shipping costs incurred directly by us, including railcar lease costs, are also reflected in cost of goods sold. Throughput and unloading fees incurred by Blendstar are recognized as these se rvices are rendered.
9
We use exchange-traded futures and options contracts to minimize the effects of changes in the prices of agricultural commodities on our agribusiness grain inventories and forward purchase and sales contracts. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued at quoted market prices. Forward purchase contracts and forward sale contracts are valued at market prices, where available, or other market quotes adjusted for differences, primarily transportation, between the exchange-traded market and the local markets on which the terms of the contracts are based. Changes in the market value of inventories, forward purchase and sale contracts, and exchange-traded futures and options contracts, are recognized in earnings as a component of cost of goods sold. These contracts are predominantly settled in cash. We are exposed to loss in the event of non-performance by the counter-party to forward purchase and forward sales contracts.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 165, “Subsequent Events.” SFAS No. 165 establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. Although the standard is based on the same principles as those that currently exist in accounting and auditing standards, it includes a new required disclosure of the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events. The Company adopted SFAS No. 165 during the quarter ended June 30, 2009, and its application had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company evaluated subsequent events through the date the accompanying financial statements were issued, which was August 10, 2009.
In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 168, “The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles – A Replacement of FASB Statement No. 162.” SFAS No. 168 establishes the FASB Accounting Standards Codification as the single source of authoritative nongovernmental U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. SFAS No. 168 is effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. The adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on our financial statements.
2.
FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES
The Company accounts for financial instruments according to SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” The following methods and assumptions were used in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments (which are separate line items in the consolidated balance sheet):
·
Level 1 – Market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company (observable inputs):
Cash and cash equivalents – The carrying value of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities represents their fair value due to the high liquidity and relatively short maturity of these instruments. Marketable securities considered cash equivalents are invested in low-risk interest-bearing government instruments and bank deposits, and the carrying value is determined by the financial institution where the funds are held.
Commodity inventories and contracts – Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued at quoted market prices. Forward purchase contracts and forward sale contracts are valued at market prices where available or other market quotes, adjusted for differences, primarily transportation, between the exchange traded market and the local markets on which the terms of the contracts are based. Realized changes in the market value of inventories, forward purchase and sale contracts, and exchange-traded futures and options contracts are recognized in earnings as a component of cost of goods sold. These contracts are predominantly settled in cash.
Derivative financial instruments– These instruments are valued at fair market value based upon information supplied by the broker at which these instruments are held. The fair value is determined by the broker based on closing quotes supplied by the Chicago Board of Trade or other commodity exchanges. The Chicago Board of Trade is an exchange with published pricing.
·
Level 2 – The Company’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs):
Accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities– The carrying value of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses are reasonable estimates of their fair value due to the short duration of these items.
10
3.
BUSINESS COMBINATION
In May 2008, definitive merger agreements were entered into by Green Plains and VBV. At that time, VBV held majority interest in two companies that were constructing ethanol plants. These two companies were Indiana Bio-Energy, LLC (“IBE”) of Bluffton, IN, an Indiana limited liability company which was formed in December 2004; and Ethanol Grain Processors, LLC, (“EGP”) of Obion, TN, a Tennessee limited liability company which was formed in October 2004. The Merger was completed on October 15, 2008. VBV and its subsidiaries became wholly-owned subsidiaries of Green Plains. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger, equity holders of VBV, IBE and EGP received Green Plains common stock and options totaling 11,139,000 shares. Upon closing of the Merger, VBV, IBE and EGP were merged into subsidiaries of Green Plains. IBE has been renamed as Green Plains Bluffton LLC and EGP has been renamed as Green Plains Obion LLC. Simultaneously with the c losing of the Merger, NTR plc (“NTR”), a leading international developer and operator in renewable energy and sustainable waste management and majority equity holder of VBV prior to the Merger, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, invested $60.0 million in Green Plains common stock at a price of $10 per share, or an additional 6.0 million shares. With this investment, NTR is our largest shareholder. This additional investment is being used for general corporate purposes and to finance acquisitions.
Since the Merger occurred toward the end of our fiscal year and involved complex legal and accounting issues, Green Plains performed a tentative allocation of the purchase price using preliminary estimates of the values of the assets and liabilities. We engaged an expert to assist in the determination of the purchase price allocation. The final purchase price allocation, which was completed and recorded during the second quarter of 2009, did not result in material changes to the amounts tentatively recorded in our consolidated financial statements.
4.
ACQUISITION
On January 20, 2009, the Company acquired majority interest in Blendstar LLC, a biofuel terminal operator. The transaction involved a membership interest purchase whereby Green Plains acquired 51% of Blendstar from Bioverda U.S. Holdings LLC, an affiliate of NTR, for $9.0 million. The purchase price of $9.0 million is comprised of a $7.5 million January 2009 payment and the assumption of a liability to the former owners of this 51% interest, payable in three annual installments of $0.5 million, beginning in July 2009. These future annual payments were recorded in debt at a present value of $1.4 million. The allocation of the purchase price to specific assets and liabilities was based, in part, on outside appraisals of the fair value of certain assets acquired. Approximately $21.6 million was attributed to assets acquired, of which $5.3 million was allocated to goodwill. Liabilities and a noncontrolling interest total approximately $6.2 million and $7.9 mi llion, respectively.
The acquisition of Blendstar is a strategic investment within the ethanol value chain. Blendstar operates terminal facilities in Oklahoma City, Little Rock, Nashville, Knoxville, Louisville and Birmingham and has announced commitments to build terminals in two additional cities. Blendstar facilities currently have splash blending and full-load terminal throughput capacity of over 200 million gallons per year. Blendstar’s operations are included in the Marketing and Distribution segment.
5.
SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company’s chief operating decision makers review our operations in three separate operating segments. These segments are: (1) production of ethanol and related by-products (which we collectively refer to as “Ethanol Production”), (2) grain warehousing and marketing, as well as sales and related services of agronomy and petroleum products (which we collectively refer to as “Agribusiness”), and (3) marketing and distribution of Company-produced and third-party ethanol and distillers grains (which we refer to as “Marketing and Distribution”). Corporate operating expenses, primarily consisting of compensation, professional fees and overhead costs not directly related to a specific operating segment, are reflected in the table below as “corporate activities.”
11
The following are revenues, gross profit and operating income (loss) for our operating segments for the periods indicated (in thousands):
|
|
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Six Months Ended | ||||||||
|
|
|
| June 30, |
| June 30, | ||||||||
|
|
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2009 |
| 2008 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
| Ethanol Production |
| $ | 152,053 |
| $ | - |
| $ | 289,557 |
| $ | - | |
| Agribusiness |
|
| 58,758 |
|
| - |
|
| 104,968 |
|
| - | |
| Marketing and Distribution |
| 231,208 |
|
| 259 |
|
| 409,562 |
|
| 259 | ||
| Intersegment eliminations |
|
| (157,364) |
|
| - |
|
| (298,350) |
|
| - | |
|
|
|
| $ | 284,655 |
| $ | 259 |
| $ | 505,737 |
| $ | 259 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
| Ethanol Production |
| $ | 4,664 |
| $ | - |
| $ | 1,903 |
| $ | - | |
| Agribusiness |
|
| 7,343 |
|
| - |
|
| 10,089 |
|
| - | |
| Marketing and Distribution |
| 2,839 |
|
| 94 |
|
| 4,682 |
|
| 94 | ||
| Intersegment eliminations |
|
| 37 |
|
| - |
|
| 88 |
|
| - | |
|
|
|
| $ | 14,883 |
| $ | 94 |
| $ | 16,762 |
| $ | 94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income (loss): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
| Ethanol Production |
| $ | 2,589 |
| $ | - |
| $ | (2,053) |
| $ | - | |
| Agribusiness |
|
| 4,114 |
|
| - |
|
| 4,040 |
|
| - | |
| Marketing and Distribution |
| 587 |
|
| - |
|
| 433 |
|
| - | ||
| Intersegment eliminations |
|
| 37 |
|
| - |
|
| 88 |
|
| - | |
| Corporate activities |
|
| (3,191) |
|
| (1,367) |
|
| (5,552) |
|
| (3,320) | |
|
|
|
| $ | 4,136 |
| $ | (1,367) |
| $ | (3,044) |
| $ | (3,320) |
In June 2008, VBV established a marketing and distribution business unit whereby VBV purchased, sold and marketed ethanol.
Previously, Green Plains Superior, Green Plains Bluffton and Green Plains Obion had contracted with third-party marketers to purchase all of their ethanol production. Under the agreements, we sold our ethanol production exclusively to them at a price per gallon based on a market price at the time of sale, less certain marketing, storage, and transportation costs, as well as a profit margin for each gallon sold. These agreements terminated in January and February 2009. Following completion of the Merger and prior to the termination of the agreements, nearly all of our ethanol that was sold to one of the third-party marketers was repurchased by Green Plains Trade, reflected in the Marketing and Distribution segment, and resold to other customers. Corresponding revenues and related costs of goods sold were eliminated in consolidation (see intersegment eliminations above).
6.
INVENTORIES
The components of inventories are as follows (in thousands):
| June 30, 2009 |
| December 31, 2008 | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Petroleum & agronomy items held for sale | $ | 6,043 |
| $ | 15,925 |
Grain held for sale |
| 14,911 |
|
| 10,574 |
Raw materials |
| 15,979 |
|
| 9,503 |
Work-in-process |
| 5,207 |
|
| 7,371 |
Finished goods |
| 21,007 |
|
| 2,171 |
Supplies and parts |
| 1,594 |
|
| 1,489 |
| $ | 64,741 |
| $ | 47,033 |
12
7.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
The components of property and equipment are as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
| June 30, 2009 |
|
| December 31, 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Construction-in-progress | $ | 3,096 |
| $ | 1,180 | ||
Plant, buildings and improvements |
| 271,645 |
|
| 264,474 | ||
Plant equipment |
| 179,662 |
|
| 180,276 | ||
Land and improvements |
| 35,877 |
|
| 35,006 | ||
Railroad track and equipment |
| 21,737 |
|
| 22,225 | ||
Computer and software |
| 2,155 |
|
| 1,702 | ||
Office furniture and equipment |
| 681 |
|
| 575 | ||
Leasehold improvements and other |
| 1,417 |
|
| 6 | ||
| Total property and equipment |
| 516,270 |
|
| 505,444 | |
| Less: accumulated depreciation |
| (22,122) |
|
| (9,672) | |
|
| Property and equipment, net | $ | 494,148 |
| $ | 495,772 |
8.
FINANCIAL DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
To minimize the risk and the effects of the volatility of commodity price changes primarily related to corn, natural gas and ethanol, the Company uses various derivative financial instruments, including exchange-traded futures, and exchange-traded and over-the-counter options contracts. We monitor and manage this exposure as part of our overall risk management policy. As such, we seek to reduce the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on our operating results. We may take hedging positions in these commodities as one way to mitigate risk. While the Company attempts to link its hedging activities to purchase and sales activities, there are situations where these hedging activities can themselves result in losses.
SFAS No. 133 “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” requires companies to evaluate their contracts to determine whether the contracts are derivatives as certain derivative contracts that involve physical delivery may be exempted from SFAS No. 133 treatment as normal purchases or normal sales. Commodity forward contracts generally qualify for the normal purchase or sales exception under SFAS No. 133 and are therefore not subject to its provisions as they will be expected to be used or sold over a reasonable period in the normal course of business. Derivative contracts that do not meet the normal purchase or sales criteria are therefore brought to market with the corresponding gains and losses recorded in operating income unless the contracts qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The Company does not classify any commodity derivative contracts as hedging contracts for purposes of SFAS No. 133. These derivative financial i nstruments are recognized in other current assets or liabilities at fair value. The financial statement locations of derivatives designated as hedging instruments under SFAS No. 133 are as follows (in thousands):
|
|
| Asset Derivatives |
| Liability Derivatives | ||||||||
|
|
| Fair Value at |
| Fair Value at | ||||||||
Derivatives Designated as Hedging |
| June 30, |
| December 31, |
| June 30, |
| December 31, | |||||
Instruments under SFAS No. 133 |
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2009 |
| 2008 | |||||
Balance Sheet Location: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Inventory |
| $ | - |
| $ | 2,480 |
| $ | - |
| $ | - |
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
| 4,600 |
|
| 272 |
|
| - |
|
| - |
| Current assets - Derivative financial instruments |
|
| 7,096 |
|
| 1,915 |
|
| - |
|
| - |
| Current liabilities - Derivative financial instruments |
|
| - |
|
| - |
|
| 9,813 |
|
| 4,538 |
| Other liabilities |
|
| - |
|
| - |
|
| 167 |
|
| - |
| Total |
| $ | 11,696 |
| $ | 4,667 |
| $ | 9,980 |
| $ | 4,538 |
13
9.
LONG-TERM DEBT AND LINES OF CREDIT
The components of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
| June 30, 2009 |
| December 31, 2008 | ||
Green Plains Bluffton: |
|
|
|
|
| |||
| Term loan | $ | 66,500 |
| $ | 70,000 | ||
| Revolving term loan |
| 19,376 |
|
| 18,715 | ||
| Revenue bond |
| 22,000 |
|
| 22,000 | ||
| Economic development grant |
| 500 |
|
| 500 | ||
Green Plains Obion: |
|
|
|
|
| |||
| Term loan |
| 57,600 |
|
| 60,000 | ||
| Revolving term loan |
| 38,800 |
|
| 30,839 | ||
| Note payable |
| 714 |
|
| 714 | ||
| Capital lease |
| 738 |
|
| 748 | ||
| Economic development loan |
| - |
|
| 1,000 | ||
| Economic development grant |
| 1,700 |
|
| 1,700 | ||
Green Plains Shenandoah: |
|
|
|
|
| |||
| Term loan |
| 22,000 |
|
| 23,200 | ||
| Revolving term loan |
| 17,000 |
|
| 17,000 | ||
| Seasonal borrowing |
| 3,300 |
|
| 3,300 | ||
| Economic development loan |
| 135 |
|
| 165 | ||
Green Plains Superior: |
|
|
|
|
| |||
| Term loan |
| 34,500 |
|
| 35,875 | ||
| Revolving term loan |
| 10,000 |
|
| 10,000 | ||
| Capital lease |
| 307 |
|
| - | ||
Green Plains Grain: |
|
|
|
|
| |||
| Term loan |
| 7,875 |
|
| 8,325 | ||
| Revolving term loan |
| 23,407 |
|
| 20,000 | ||
| Equipment financing loans |
| 1,511 |
|
| 1,517 | ||
Other |
|
| 2,710 |
|
| 818 | ||
Total debt |
| 330,673 |
|
| 326,416 | |||
| Less: current portion |
| (36,718) |
|
| (27,405) | ||
Long-term debt | $ | 293,955 |
| $ | 299,011 |
Scheduled long-term debt repayments are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31, |
| Amount | |||
|
| 2009 |
| $ | 21,602 |
|
| 2010 |
|
| 55,018 |
|
| 2011 |
|
| 31,050 |
|
| 2012 |
|
| 30,372 |
|
| 2013 |
|
| 87,980 |
|
| Thereafter |
|
| 104,651 |
|
| Total |
| $ | 330,673 |
Loan Terminology
Related to loan covenant discussions below, the following definitions will apply (all calculated in accordance with GAAP consistently applied):
·
Working capital – current assets over current liabilities.
·
Net worth – total assets over total liabilities plus subordinated debt.
·
Tangible owner’s equity – net worth divided by total assets.
·
Debt service coverage ratio – (1) net income (after taxes), plus depreciation and amortization, divided by (2) all current portions of regularly scheduled long-term debt for the prior period (previous year end).
14
·
Fixed charge ratio – adjusted EBITDAR divided by fixed charges, which are the sum of interest expense, current maturities under the term loan, rent expense and lease expenses.
·
EBITDAR – net income plus interest expense, rent and lease expense, and noncash expenses (including depreciation and amortization expense, deferred income tax expense and unrealized gains and losses on futures contracts), less interest income and certain capital expenditures.
·
Senior leverage ratio – debt, excluding amounts under the Green Plains Grain revolving credit note, divided by EBITDAR.
Ethanol Production Segment
Each of our Ethanol Production segment subsidiaries has credit facilities with lender groups that provided for term and revolving term loans to finance construction and operation of the production facilities. The Green Plains Bluffton loan is comprised of a $70.0 million amortizing term loan and a $20.0 million revolving term facility (individually and collectively, the “Green Plains Bluffton Loan Agreement”). The Green Plains Obion loan is comprised of a $60.0 million amortizing term loan, a revolving term loan of $37.4 million and a statused revolving credit supplement (seasonal borrowing capacity) of up to $2.6 million (individually and collectively, the “Green Plains Obion Loan Agreement”). The Green Plains Shenandoah loan is comprised of a $30.0 million amortizing term loan, a $17.0 million revolving term facility, and a statused revolving credit supplement (seasonal borrowing capability) of up to $4.3 million (individually and co llectively, the “Green Plains Shenandoah Loan Agreement”). The Green Plains Superior loan is comprised of a $40.0 million amortizing term loan and a $10.0 million revolving term facility (individually and collectively, the “Green Plains Superior Loan Agreement”).
Loan Repayment Terms
·
Term Loans – The term loans were available for advances until construction for each of the plants was completed.
o
Scheduled quarterly principal payments (plus interest) are as follows:
§
Green Plains Bluffton
$1.75 million
§
Green Plains Obion
$2.4 million
§
Green Plains Shenandoah
$1.2 million
§
Green Plains Superior
$1.375 million
o
Final maturity dates (at the latest) are as follows:
§
Green Plains Bluffton
November 1, 2013
§
Green Plains Obion
May 20, 2015
§
Green Plains Shenandoah
May 20, 2014
§
Green Plains Superior
July 20, 2015
o
Each term loan has a provision that requires the Company to make annual special payments equal to a percentage ranging from 65% to 75% of the available free cash flow from the related entity’s operations (as defined in the respective loan agreements), subject to certain limitations, generally provided, however, that if such payment would result in a covenant default under the respective loan agreements, the amount of the payment shall be reduced to an amount which would not result in a covenant default.
o
Free cash flow payments are discontinued when the aggregate total received from such payments meets the following amounts:
§
Green Plains Bluffton
$16.0 million
§
Green Plains Obion
$18.0 million
§
Green Plains Shenandoah
$8.0 million
§
Green Plains Superior
$10.0 million
15
·
Revolving Term Loans – The revolving term loans are generally available for advances throughout the life of the commitment. Allowable advances under the Green Plains Shenandoah Loan Agreement are reduced by $2.4 million each six-month period commencing on the first day of the month beginning approximately six months after repayment of the term loan, but in no event later than November 1, 2014. Allowable advances under the Green Plains Superior Loan Agreement are reduced by $2.5 million each six-month period commencing on the first day of the month beginning approximately six months after repayment of the term loan, but in no event later than July 1, 2015. Interest-only payments are due each month on all revolving term loans until the final maturity date, with the exception of the Green Plains Obion Loan Agreement, which requires additional semi-annual payments of $4.675 million beginning November 1, 2015.
o
Final maturity dates (at the latest) are as follows:
·
Green Plains Bluffton
November 1, 2013
·
Green Plains Obion
November 1, 2018
·
Green Plains Shenandoah
November 1, 2017
·
Green Plains Superior
July 1, 2017
Pricing and Fees
·
The loans bear interest at either the Agent Base Rate (prime) plus from 0.0% to 1.0% or short-term fixed rates at LIBOR plus 2.5% to 4.35% (each based on a ratio of total equity to total assets). In some cases, the lender may allow us to elect to pay interest at a fixed interest rate to be determined.
·
Certain loans were charged an application fee and have an annual recurring administrative fee.
·
Unused commitment fees, when charged, range from 0.375% to 0.75%.
·
Origination and other fees have been recorded in financing costs in the consolidated balance sheets.
Security
As security for the loans, the lenders received a first-position lien on all personal property and real estate owned by the respective entity borrowing the funds, including an assignment of all contracts and rights pertinent to construction and on-going operations of the plant. These borrowing entities are also required to maintain certain financial and non-financial covenants during the terms of the loans.
Representations, Warranties and Covenants
The loan agreements contain representations, warranties, conditions precedent, affirmative covenants (including financial covenants) and negative covenants including:
·
Maintenance of working capital as follows:
o
Green Plains Bluffton
$10.0 million (increasing to $12.0 million by September 11, 2009)
o
Green Plains Obion
$5.4 million (increasing to $9.0 million on April 30, 2010)
o
Green Plains Shenandoah
$4.0 million (increasing to $6.0 million on September 1, 2009)
o
Green Plains Superior
$(5.5) million (increasing periodically until reaching $3.0 million by December 1, 2012)
·
Maintenance of net worth as follows:
o
Green Plains Bluffton
$72.0 million (increasing to $78.8 million on January 1, 2010)
o
Green Plains Obion
$77.0 million
o
Green Plains Shenandoah
$51.0 million
o
Green Plains Superior
$18.0 million (increasing periodically until reaching $23.0 million by December 1, 2011)
·
Maintenance of tangible owner’s equity as follows:
o
Green Plains Bluffton
at least 40% (increasing to 50% by December 31, 2009)
16
·
Maintenance of debt service coverage ratio as follows:
o
Green Plains Bluffton
1.25 to 1.0
o
Green Plains Obion
1.25 to 1.0
o
Green Plains Shenandoah
1.50 to 1.0
o
Green Plains Superior
1.25 to 1.0
·
Dividends or other annual distributions to the equity holder will be limited, subject to certain additional restrictions including maintenance with all loan covenants, terms and conditions, as follows:
o
Green Plains Bluffton
50% of profit, net of income taxes
o
Green Plains Obion
40% of profit, net of income taxes
o
Green Plains Shenandoah
40% of profit, net of income taxes
o
Green Plains Superior
40% of profit, net of income taxes
As of June 30, 2009, the net worth balance at Green Plains Superior was less than required by its financial covenant. The lender has provided a waiver accepting our compliance with the financial covenant as of that date.
Bluffton Revenue Bond
·
Bluffton Revenue Bond – Green Plains Bluffton also received $22.0 million in Subordinate Solid Waste Disposal Facility Revenue Bond funds from the City of Bluffton, IN. The revenue bond requires: (1) semi-annual interest only payments of $825,000 through September 1, 2009, (2) semi-annual principal and interest payments of approximately $1.5 million during the period commencing on March 1, 2010 through March 1, 2019, and (3) a final principal and interest payment of $3.745 million on September 1, 2019.
·
The revenue bond bears interest at 7.50% per annum.
·
Revenue bond issuance costs have been recorded in financing costs in the consolidated balance sheets.
Capitalized Interest
The Company capitalized $0 and $2.4 million of interest and debt issuance costs during the first six months of 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Agribusiness Segment
The Green Plains Grain loan is comprised of a $9.0 million amortizing term loan and a $35.0 million revolving term facility (individually and collectively, the “Green Plains Grain Loan Agreement”). Loan proceeds are used primarily for working capital purposes.
Key Loan Information
·
The term loan expires on April 3, 2013 and the revolving loan expires on September 30, 2010.
·
Payments of $225,000 under the term loan are due on the last business day of each calendar quarter, with any remaining amount payable at the expiration of the loan term.
·
The loans bear interest at LIBOR plus 3.5%, subject to an interest rate “floor” of 4.5%.
·
As security for the loans, the lender received a first-position lien on real estate, equipment, inventory and accounts receivable owned by Green Plains Grain.
·
Unused commitment fees are 0.375% on the unused portion.
The loan agreements contain certain financial covenants and restrictions, including the following:
·
Maintenance of working capital of at least $7.0 million through 2009, increasing to $9.0 million thereafter.
·
Maintenance of tangible net worth of at least $15.0 million.
17
·
Maintenance of a fixed charge ratio of 1.10x or more and a senior leverage ratio that does not exceed 2.25x.
·
Capital expenditures for Green Plains Grain are restricted to $2.0 million per year. However, any unused portion from any fiscal year may be added to the limit for the next succeeding year.
As of June 30, 2009, Green Plains Grain was in compliance with all financial covenants in the loan agreements.
Equipment Financing Loans
Green Plains Grain has two separate equipment financing agreements with AXIS Capital Inc. totaling $1.75 million (individually and collectively, the “Equipment Financing Loans”). The Equipment Financing Loans provide financing for designated vehicles, implements and machinery. The Company agreed to guaranty the Equipment Financing Loans. Pursuant to the terms of the agreements, Green Plains Grain is required to make 48 monthly principal and interest payments of $43,341, which commenced in April 2008.
Marketing and Distribution Segment
On June 30, 2009, Blendstar entered into a loan agreement for $0.5 million. Monthly payments of $16,698 begin in July 2009, with the loan maturing in June 2012. This loan bears a fixed annual interest rate of 7% and is guaranteed by the Company.
10.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company accounts for all share-based compensation transactions pursuant to SFAS No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment,” which requires entities to record noncash compensation expense related to payment for employee services by an equity award in their financial statements over the requisite service period. The Company measures share-based compensation grants at fair value on the grant date, adjusted for estimated forfeitures.
The Company had a 2007 Equity Incentive Plan which reserved a total of 1.0 million shares of common stock for issuance pursuant to the plan. On May 7, 2009, the shareholders of the Company approved the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan which provides for the granting of an additional 1.0 million shares for stock-based compensation, including options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights tied to the value of common stock, restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards to eligible employees, non-employee directors and consultants. All shares remaining under the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan rolled into the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan on May 7, 2009. Additionally, outstanding stock options were assumed as part of the Merger.
Grants under the Equity Incentive Plan may include:
·
Options– Stock options may be granted that are currently exercisable, that become exercisable in installments, or that are not exercisable until a fixed future date. Certain options that have been issued are exercisable during their term regardless of termination of employment while other options have been issued that terminate at a designated time following the date employment is terminated. Options issued to date may be exercised immediately and/or at future vesting dates, and must be exercised no later than five to eight years after the grant date or they will expire.
·
Stock Awards– Stock awards may be granted to directors and key employees with ownership of the common stock vesting immediately or over a period determined by the Compensation Committee and stated in the award. Stock awards granted to date vested in some cases immediately and at other times over a period determined by the Compensation Committee and were restricted as to sales for a specified period. Compensation expense was recognized upon the grant award.
·
Deferred Stock Units– Deferred stock units may be granted to directors and key employees with ownership of the common stock vesting immediately or over a period determined by the Compensation Committee and stated in the award. As determined by the Compensation Committee, deferred stock units granted to date vest over a specific period and are issuable in a period beyond the vesting date. Compensation expense was recognized upon the grant award.
For stock options granted during the first six months of 2009, the fair value of options granted was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, a pricing model acceptable under SFAS No. 123R, with the following weighted-average assumptions:
Expected life |
| 6.9 |
Interest rate |
| 2.7% |
Volatility |
| 70.0% |
Dividend yield |
| — |
18
The expected life of options granted represents the period of time in years that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The interest rate represents the annual interest rate a risk-free investment could potentially earn during the expected life of the option grant. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of our common stock and other companies within our industry. We currently use a forfeiture rate of zero percent for all existing share-based compensation awards since we have no historical forfeiture experience under our share-based payment plans.
All of our existing share-based compensation awards have been determined to be equity awards. We recognize compensation costs for stock option awards which vest with the passage of time with only service conditions on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
A summary of stock options as of June 30, 2009 and changes during the six-month period then ended are as follows:
|
|
| Shares |
| Weighted-Average Exercise Price |
| Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |
| Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2008 |
| 1,311,528 |
| $ | 12.59 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Granted |
| 12,500 |
|
| 5.99 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Exercised |
| (240,096) |
|
| 0.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cancellations |
| - |
|
| - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at June 30, 2009 |
| 1,083,932 |
| $ | 15.27 |
|
| 5.8 |
| $ | - | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable at June 30, 2009 |
| 704,765 |
| $ | 19.69 |
|
| 5.0 |
| $ | - |
All fully-vested stock options as of June 30, 2009 are exercisable and are included in the above table. Since weighted-average option prices exceeded the closing stock price at June 30, 2009, the aggregate intrinsic value was zero. The Company’s stock awards allow employees to exercise options through cash payment to us for the shares of common stock or through a simultaneous broker-assisted cashless exercise of a share option, through which the employee authorizes the exercise of an option and the immediate sale of the option shares in the open market. The Company uses original issuances of common stock to satisfy our share-based payment obligations.
Compensation costs expensed for share-based payment plans described above were approximately $0.4 million and $0.1 million during the six-month periods ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The potential tax benefit realizable for the anticipated tax deductions of the exercise of share-based payment arrangements generally would approximate 40% of these expense amounts. However, due to uncertainty that the tax benefits will be realized, these potential benefits were not recognized currently.
11.
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per common shares (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for the dilutive effect of any outstanding dilutive securities. The calculation of diluted earnings per share gives effect to common stock equivalents. For periods prior to the Merger, to determine the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, the number of Green Plains common shares issued for outstanding VBV member shares was equated to member shares issued and outstanding.
12.
INCOME TAXES
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
The provision for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008 has been determined to be zero as the Company had net operating losses for tax purposes and has determined that any benefit from these tax losses may not be realized prior to their expiration. Accordingly, no tax provision or benefit was recognized during each of the periods presented.
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13.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Operating Leases
The Company currently leases or is committed to paying operating leases extending to 2019 that have been executed by the Company. For accounting purposes, rent expense is based on a straight-line amortization of the total payments required over the lease term. The Company incurred lease expenses of $3.1 million and approximately $28,000 during the six-month periods ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Aggregate minimum lease payments under these agreements for the remainder of 2009 and in future fiscal years are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31, |
| Amount | ||
| 2009 |
| $ | 3,146 |
| 2010 |
|
| 5,516 |
| 2011 |
|
| 2,904 |
| 2012 |
|
| 2,601 |
| 2013 |
|
| 2,217 |
| Thereafter |
|
| 5,052 |
| Total |
| $ | 21,436 |
Commodities – Corn, Natural Gas, Ethanol and Distillers Grains
As of June 30, 2009, we had contracted for future corn deliveries valued at $63.6 million, natural gas deliveries valued at approximately $11.9 million, ethanol product deliveries valued at approximately $11.1 million and distillers grains product deliveries valued at approximately $8.3 million.
14.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Grain Origination Contracts
Obion Grain, Green Plains Obion’s exclusive supplier of corn produced in the seven counties surrounding the plant, had an ownership interest in EGP prior to the Merger, and will hold a subordinated lien on Green Plains Obion’s leased real property if Green Plains Obion defaults under its corn purchase agreement. Green Plains Obion paid $14.6 million under this arrangement for the six months ended June 30, 2009, of which $0.1 million was for origination fees, and the remainder was payments for corn; and $5.0 million under this arrangement for the three months ended June 30, 2009, of which less than $0.1 million was for origination fees, and the remainder was payments for corn. No costs were incurred related to this arrangement for the three or six months ended June 30, 2008 as the plant was still under construction. Included in current liabilities were amounts due to Obion Grain totaling $1.1 million at June 30, 2009 and $0.4 million at December 31, 2008.
Sales and Financing Contracts
Green Plains Grain executed two separate financing agreements for equipment with AXIS Capital Inc. Gordon F. Glade, President and Chief Executive Officer of AXIS Capital, is a member of our Board of Directors. A total of $1.3 million and $1.5 million is included in debt at June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively under these financing arrangements. On March 31, 2009, Green Plains Superior entered into a capital lease for equipment with AXIS Capital. The present value of the lease payments totaled $0.3 million, and payments of $18,450 were made during the six-month period ended June 30, 2009.
The Company has entered into fixed-price ethanol purchase and sale agreements with Center Oil Company. Gary R. Parker, President and Chief Executive Officer of Center Oil, is a member of our Board of Directors. The sales agreements are executed to hedge prices on a portion of our expected ethanol production. Rather than delivering all of the ethanol, offsetting purchase agreements for a portion of this ethanol production have also been entered into with Center Oil. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, cash receipts from Center Oil totaled $25.8 million and $52.8 million, respectively and payments to Center Oil totaled $10.4 million and $10.7 million, respectively, on these contracts. The Company had $0.1 million in current liabilities and $1.5 million included in current assets at June 30, 2009 under these purchase and sale agreements. At December 31, 2008, the Company did not have any outstanding payables or receivables related to these p urchase and sale agreements.
Blendstar Acquisition
As discussed inNote 4 – Acquisition, on January 20, 2009, the Company acquired 51% of Blendstar LLC from Bioverda U.S. Holdings LLC, an affiliate of NTR, for $9.0 million. The purchase price of $9.0 million is comprised of a $7.5 million January 2009 payment and the assumption of a liability to the former owners of this 51% interest, payable in three annual installments of $0.5 million, beginning in July 2009.
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Blendstar Debt
As discussed inNote 9 – Long Term Debt and Lines of Credit, Blendstar entered into a loan agreement for $0.5 million loan on June 30, 2009. Monthly payments of $16,698 begin in July 2009, with the loan maturing in June 2012. The Company has fully guaranteed the loan.
In addition, the Company has agreed to lend Blendstar an amount up to $2.0 million. At June 30, 2009, $0.5 million was outstanding related to this loan agreement. The loan matures in May 2010 with the option to renew.
15.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated subsequent events through the date the accompanying consolidated financial statements were issued, which was August 10, 2009.
Acquisitions of Ord and Central City Ethanol Plants
On July 2, 2009, the Company, pursuant to two Membership Interest Purchase Agreements (“the Purchase Agreements”) with AgStar Financial Services as Seller agent, and certain other entities (the “Sellers”), acquired all of the membership interests in RBF Acquisition VI, LLC (“RBF VI”) and RBF Acquisition II, LLC (“RBF II), two limited liability companies that own ethanol plants in Ord, NE and Central City, NE, respectively from a lender group led by Ag Star (the “Lenders”). RBF VI and RBF II were renamed at closing to Green Plains Ord LLC and Green Plains Central City LLC, respectively.
Pursuant to the terms of the relevant Purchase Agreements, the Company acquired the membership interests of RBF VI for a purchase price of $38.0 million, and the membership interests of RBF II for a purchase price of $85.5 million, for an aggregate purchase price of $123.5 million. The Lenders provided debt financing of $123.5 million to fund the purchase and $16.0 million in seasonal revolving loans to provide working capital for the plants. The Ord and Central City facilities have annual expected operating capacities of 50 million and 100 million gallons, respectively.
Related Party Capital Lease
In July 2009, Green Plains Central City LLC entered into a capital lease for equipment with AXIS Capital, Gordon F. Glade, President and Chief Executive Officer of AXIS Capital, is a member of our Board of Directors. The present value of the lease payments, which begin in August 2009, totaled $0.3 million.
Expiration of Marketing Agreement
We had previously entered into an exclusive marketing agreement with CHS Inc. for the sale of dried distillers grains produced at our Superior plant. This marketing agreement expired in July 2009 and was not renewed. Green Plains Trade now markets all of the dried distillers grains that are produced at our plants.
Blendstar Debt and Related Party Guaranty
In July 2009, a Blendstar subsidiary entered into a loan for $1.2 million with a commercial bank which is guaranteed by Green Plains Renewable Energy, Inc. The loan matures in January 2010. In addition, Blendstar’s $2.0 million revolving line of credit agreement with Green Plains was amended during July 2009 to provide security on this guaranty exposure.
Receivables Financing
On July 30, 2009, Green Plains Trade entered into a senior secured revolving credit facility with a major commercial lender. Under the credit agreement, the lender will loan up to $30.0 million, subject to a borrowing base up to 85% of eligible receivables and a current availability block of $5.0 million. Green Plains Renewable Energy, Inc. has guaranteed $10.0 million of this facility. The revolving credit facility matures in July 2012 and bears interest at either: (1) Base Rate (lender’s commercial floating rate plus 2.5%); or, (2) EuroDollar Rate (30, 60 or 90 day EuroDollar lending rate plus 3.5%). Green Plains Trade will use this facility to fund its working capital needs.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
General
References to “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company” in this report refer to Green Plains Renewable Energy, Inc., an Iowa corporation, and its subsidiaries. The following discussion and analysis provides information which management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included herewith, and our annual report filed on Form 10-K for the nine-month transition period ended December 31, 2008, including the consolidated financial statements, accompanying notes and the risk factors contained therein.
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements based on current expectations that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally do not relate strictly to historical or current facts, but rather to plans and objectives for future operations based upon management’s reasonable estimates of future results or trends, and include words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “continue,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “may,” “should,” “will,” and words and phrases of similar impact, and include, but are not limited to, statements regarding future operating or financial performance, business strategy, business environment, key trends, and benefits of actual or planned acquisitions. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are made pursuant to safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Although we believe that our expectations regarding future events are based on reasonable assumptions, any or all forward-looking statements in this report may turn out to be incorrect. They may be based on inaccurate assumptions or may not account for known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Consequently, no forward-looking statement is guaranteed, and actual future results may vary materially from the results expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. We may experience significant fluctuations in future operating results due to a number of economic conditions, including, but not limited to, competition in the ethanol industry, commodity market risks, financial market risks, counter-party risks, risks associated with changes to federal policy and/or regulation and other risk fact ors detailed in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The cautionary statements in this report expressly qualify all of our forward-looking statements. In addition, the Company is not obligated, and does not intend, to update any of its forward-looking statements at any time unless an update is required by applicable securities laws. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors of this report in Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors of our annual report on Form 10-K for the nine-month transition period ended December 31, 2008 and in Part II, Item IA of our report Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2009.
Overview
Green Plains was formed in June 2004 to construct and operate dry mill, fuel-grade ethanol production facilities. To add shareholder value, we have expanded our business operations beyond ethanol production to integrate a full-service grain and agronomy business, ethanol marketing services, terminal and distribution assets, and next generation research and development in algae production.
Ethanol is a renewable, environmentally clean fuel source that is produced at numerous facilities in the United States, mostly in the Midwest. In the U.S., ethanol is produced primarily from corn and then blended with unleaded gasoline in varying percentages. The ethanol industry in the U.S. has grown significantly over the last few years as its use reduces harmful auto emissions, enhances octane ratings of the gasoline with which it is blended, offers consumers a cost-effective choice, and decreases the amount of crude oil the U.S. needs to import from foreign sources. Ethanol is most commonly sold as E10, the 10 percent blend of ethanol for use in all American automobiles. Increasingly, ethanol is also available as E85, a higher percentage ethanol blend for use in flexible fuel vehicles.
Operations commenced at our first ethanol plant, located in Shenandoah, IA, in August 2007; at our second ethanol plant, located in Superior, IA, in July 2008; at our third ethanol plant, located in Bluffton, IN, in September 2008; and at our fourth ethanol plant, located in Obion, TN, in November 2008. At capacity, our four ethanol plants produce a total of approximately 330 million gallons of fuel-grade ethanol annually. Operations commenced at our fifth and sixth ethanol plants in Ord, NE and Central City, NE in July 2009, subsequent to the close of the quarter. The addition of the two plants will bring our expected annual operating capacity to a total of approximately 480 million gallons of fuel-grade ethanol.
22
Previously, Green Plains Superior, Green Plains Bluffton and Green Plains Obion had contracted with independent marketers to purchase all of their ethanol production. Under the agreements, we sold our ethanol production exclusively to the independent marketers at a price per gallon based on a market price at the time of sale, less certain costs for each gallon sold. These agreements terminated in January 2009 and February 2009 and as a result, a one-time charge of approximately $4.6 million is reflected in the six-month period ended June 30, 2009 related to the termination of these agreements and certain related matters. The termination of the agreements allows us to market all of our own ethanol through Green Plains Trade, and we believe it will allow us to reduce our costs for leased railcars, provide us a better opportunity to employ our risk management processes, mitigate our risks of counterparty concentration and accelerate our collection of receivables. We expect savings in marketing fees and lower leased railcar costs totaling approximately $4.8 million per year for each of the three years following termination of these agreements, with a reduced yearly benefit thereafter.
Green Plains Trade is now responsible for the sales, marketing and distribution of all ethanol produced at our production facilities. The majority of our ethanol is sold to regional and national markets. The exception to this is at our Obion plant where we expect to market up to 50% of the production into the local Tennessee market. Through Green Plains Trade, we also market and distribute ethanol for three third-party ethanol producers with expected annual production totaling approximately 305 mmgy.
Our ethanol plants produce wet, modified wet and dried distillers grains. We had previously entered into exclusive marketing agreements with CHS Inc., a Minnesota cooperative corporation, for the sale of dried distillers grains produced at our Shenandoah and Superior plants. The agreement with CHS Inc. related to the Shenandoah plant terminated in July 2008 and the agreement related to the Superior plant terminated in July 2009. Green Plains Trade now markets all of the dried distillers grains that are produced at our plants.
Our operations are highly dependent on commodity prices, especially prices for corn, ethanol, distillers grains and natural gas. As a result of price volatility for these commodities, our operating results may fluctuate substantially. The price and availability of corn are subject to significant fluctuations depending upon a number of factors that affect commodity prices in general, including crop conditions, weather, federal policy and foreign trade. Because the market price of ethanol is not always directly related to corn prices, at times ethanol prices may lag movements in corn prices and, in an environment of higher prices, compress the overall margin structure at the plants. As a result, at times, we may operate our plants at negative operating margins.
We attempt to hedge the majority of our positions by buying, selling and holding inventories of various commodities, some of which are readily traded on commodity futures exchanges. We focus on locking in margins based on an “earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”)” model that continually monitors market prices of corn, natural gas and other input costs against prices for ethanol and distillers grains at each of our production facilities. We create offsetting positions by using a combination of derivative instruments, fixed-price purchases and sales, or a combination of strategies in order to manage risk associated with commodity price fluctuations. Our primary focus is not to manage general price movements, for example minimize the cost of corn consumed, but rather to lock in favorable EBITDA margins whenever possible. We also employ a value-at-risk model with strict limits established by our Board of Directors to minimize commodity market exposures from open positions.
In particular, there has been a great deal of volatility in corn markets. The average Chicago Board of Trade (“CBOT”) near-month corn price during 2008 was $5.27 per bushel, with highs reaching nearly $8.00 per bushel and retreating to $4.07 per bushel as of December 31, 2008. Corn prices have dropped during the first six months of 2009; the average CBOT near-month corn price for the six-month period ended June 30, 2009 was $3.93. We believe that market volatility is attributable to a number of factors, including but not limited to export demand, speculation, currency valuation, global economic conditions, ethanol demand and current production concerns. This corn market volatility poses a significant risk to our operations. We use hedging strategies to lock in margins, attempting to leave the Company less exposed to losses resulting from market fluctuations.
During 2008, the average U.S. ethanol price, based on the Oil Price Information Service (“Opis”) Spot Ethanol Assessment, was $2.33 per gallon. For the same time period, the average U.S. gasoline price, based on New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”) reformulated blendstock for oxygen blending (“RBOB”) contracts was $2.49 per gallon, or approximately $0.16 per gallon above ethanol prices. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2008, gasoline prices fell at a faster rate than ethanol prices. Gasoline prices continued to be below ethanol prices in the first quarter of 2009. This relationship, along with corn values, tightened crush spreads at plants and forced production to slow. During the second quarter, the relationship started to reverse as corn prices declined with the anticipation of a good crop this coming year. For the quarter ended June 30, 2009, the average Opis Spot Ethanol Assessment was $1.67 per gallon and the average NYMEX RBOB was $1.72 per gallon, or approximately $0.05 per gallon higher than ethanol prices. This relationship during the second quarter incentivized incremental blending but did not increase the value of the ethanol because of increased production coming back on-line. Idle production has begun to come back on-line for numerous reasons, including but not limited to corn prices dropping at the same time enabling better crush margins at production facilities.
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Federal policy has a significant impact on ethanol market demand. Ethanol blenders benefit from incentives that encourage usage and a tariff on imported ethanol supports the domestic industry. Additionally, the renewable fuels standard (“RFS”) mandates increased level of usage of both corn-based and cellulosic ethanol. Growth Energy, an ethanol industry trade organization, has requested a waiver from the EPA to increase the amount of ethanol blended into gasoline from the 10 percent blend up to a 15 percent blend (E15). We believe there is a reasonable possibility to see increased blends without having to increase the RFS mandate. We believe such a waiver, if granted, would have a positive and material impact on the business.
We believe the ethanol industry will continue to expand due to federal mandates and policies. However, we expect the rate of industry expansion to slow significantly because of the amount of ethanol production added during the past two years or to be added by plants currently under construction. This additional supply, along with a compressed margin structure, has resulted in reduced availability of capital for additional ethanol plant construction or expansion.
We believe that any reversal in federal policy could have a profound impact on the ethanol industry. Recently, a political debate has developed related to the alleged adverse impact that increased ethanol production has had on food prices. The high-profile debate focuses on conflicting economic theories explaining increased commodity prices and consumer costs. The food versus fuel debate has waned as of late with the significant reduction in commodity prices in food and feedstocks around the world. Political candidates and elected officials have responded with proposals to reduce, limit or eliminate the RFS mandate, blender’s credit and tariff on imported ethanol. While at present no policy change appears imminent, we believe that the debates have created uncertainty and increased the ethanol industry’s exposure to political risk.
On April 23, 2009, the California Air Resources Board adopted the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (“LCFS”) requiring a 10% reduction in greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions from transportation fuels by 2020. On May 5, 2009, the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) released proposed rulemaking for the second stage of the RFS requiring a 20% reduction in GHG emissions produced at ethanol production, transportation and distribution facilities constructed after December 31, 2007. Both the EPA and the California Air Resources Board propose an Indirect Land Use Changes (“ILUC”) component in the lifecycle GHG emissions calculation. Eleven additional states are currently considering similar ILUC standards. The methodology for determining the ILUC standard has yet to be determined. However, the ILUC standard will possibly penalize corn-based ethanol as a cause of deforestation and displacement of non-intensive agricultural acre age. There is the risk that the market for corn-based ethanol could be negatively impacted if it is determined that corn-based ethanol fails to achieve lifecycle GHG emission reductions. EPA proposed rulemaking potentially “grandfathers” Green Plains’ ethanol plants from the GHG emission requirements because of the timing of their construction. However, we believe the long-term impact of the ILUC standard may result in a fragmented ethanol market where low carbon ethanol from sugarcane or other alternative feedstocks carries a premium value. Passage of the second stage of the RFS could act as a barrier of entry to new construction or expansion of existing corn based ethanol plants, as these plants would not qualify for the 20% reduction exemption unless construction had begun before December 2007.
Companies involved in the production of ethanol have historically been merging to increase efficiency and capture economies of scale. We have adopted a vertical-integration strategy and business model. Vertical integration has often been an effective strategy for reducing risk and increasing profits in other commodity-driven businesses. In recent years, many ethanol companies have focused primarily on ethanol refining and production. The overall ethanol value chain, however, consists of multiple steps involving agribusinesses, such as grain elevators, agronomy services, distributors of distillers grains, and downstream operations such as ethanol marketers and fuel blenders. By simultaneously engaging in multiple steps in the ethanol value chain, we believe we can increase efficiency, diversify cash flows and manage commodity price and supply risk. We are seeking strategic opportunities to further consolidate and integrate firms involved in the ethanol val ue chain.
The ethanol industry has seen significant distress over the last year. There have been several well-publicized bankruptcies announced, including VeraSun Energy Corporation and Aventine Renewable Energy, which had been two of the largest producers of ethanol in the U.S. In addition, several other ethanol producers have also declared bankruptcy or indicated they were in financial distress. We believe that margin compression and ineffective commodity price risk management were the main reasons for this. In addition, destination market and non-advantaged location plants have seen additional hardship. Ethanol producers of all sizes were caught with corn contracts or inventory ownership in the significant price decline in the corn market without corresponding amounts of ethanol sold against those positions. We believe a disciplined risk management program helps mitigate these occurrences. Green Plains utilizes a disciplined risk management program with a compre hensive policy to monitor and measure the risk of commodity price movements. We attempt to match within a close tolerance our ethanol sales and corn purchases, and monitor the “value at risk” of our open, unhedged position within limits established by our Board of Directors. In addition, our multiple business lines and revenue streams help diversify the Company’s operations and profitability.
Merger and Acquisition Activities
To add shareholder value, we have expanded our business operations beyond ethanol production to integrate a full-service grain and agronomy business, ethanol marketing services, terminal and distribution assets, and next generation research and development in algae-based biofuels.
24
Merger with VBV LLC
In May 2008, we entered into definitive merger agreements with VBV LLC and its subsidiaries. At that time, VBV held majority interest in two companies that were constructing ethanol plants. These two companies were Indiana Bio-Energy, LLC of Bluffton, IN, an Indiana limited liability company which was formed in December 2004; and Ethanol Grain Processors, LLC, of Obion, TN, a Tennessee limited liability company which was formed in October 2004. Additionally, VBV was developing an ethanol marketing and distribution business at the time of the merger announcement. The Merger was completed on October 15, 2008. For accounting purposes, the Merger has been accounted for as a reverse merger. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger, equity holders of VBV, IBE and EGP received Company common stock and options totaling 11,139,000 shares. Upon closing of the Merger, VBV, IBE and EGP were merged into subsidiaries of the Company. Simultaneously with the closing of t he Merger, NTR, the majority equity holder of VBV prior to the Merger, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, invested $60.0 million in Company common stock at a price of $10 per share, or an additional 6.0 million shares. This additional investment is being used for general corporate purposes and to finance future acquisitions.
Operations commenced at the Bluffton and Obion plants in September 2008 and November 2008, respectively. The VBV plants are each expected to produce approximately 110 million of gallons of ethanol and 340,000 tons of distillers grains annually.
Acquisition of Majority Interest in Blendstar LLC
On January 20, 2009, the Company acquired majority interest in Blendstar LLC, a biofuel terminal operator. The transaction involved a membership interest purchase whereby Green Plains acquired 51% of Blendstar from Bioverda U.S. Holdings LLC, an affiliate of NTR, for $9.0 million. The purchase price of $9.0 million is comprised of a $7.5 million January 2009 payment and the assumption of a liability to the former owners of this 51% interest, payable in three annual installments of $0.5 million, beginning in July 2009. These future annual payments were recorded in debt at a present value of $1.4 million. The allocation of the purchase price to specific assets and liabilities was based, in part, on outside appraisals of the fair value of certain assets acquired. Approximately $21.6 million is attributed to assets acquired, of which $5.3 million is allocated to goodwill. Liabilities and a noncontrolling interest total approximately $6.2 million and $7.9 mill ion, respectively.
The acquisition of Blendstar is a strategic investment within the ethanol value chain. Blendstar operates terminal facilities in Oklahoma City, Little Rock, Nashville, Knoxville, Louisville and Birmingham and has announced commitments to build terminals in two additional cities. Blendstar facilities currently have splash blending and full-load terminal throughput capacity of over 200 million gallons per year.
Acquisitions of Ord and Central City Ethanol Plants
On July 2, 2009, the Company, pursuant to two Membership Interest Purchase Agreements (“the Purchase Agreements”) with AgStar Financial Services as Seller agent, and certain other entities (the “Sellers”), acquired all of the membership interests in RBF Acquisition VI, LLC (“RBF VI”) and RBF Acquisition II, LLC (“RBF II), two limited liability companies that own ethanol plants in Ord, NE and Central City, NE, respectively from a lender group led by Ag Star (the “Lenders”). RBF VI and RBF II were renamed at closing to Green Plains Ord LLC and Green Plains Central City LLC, respectively.
Pursuant to the terms of the relevant Purchase Agreements, the Company acquired the membership interests of RBF VI for a purchase price of $38.0 million, and the membership interests of RBF II for a purchase price of $85.5 million, for an aggregate purchase price of $123.5 million. The Lenders provided debt financing of $123.5 million to fund the purchase and $16.0 million in seasonal revolving loans to provide working capital for the plants. The Ord and Central City facilities have annual expected operating capacities of 50 million and 100 million gallons, respectively. Operations commenced at the Ord plant on July 12, 2009 and at the Central City plant on July 29, 2009.
General
Green Plains now has operations throughout the ethanol value chain, beginning “upstream” with our agronomy and grain handling operations, continuing through substantial ethanol production facilities and ending “downstream” with our ethanol marketing, distribution and blending facilities. We intend to continue to explore potential merger or acquisition opportunities, including those involving other ethanol producers and developers, other renewable fuels-related technologies, and grain and fuel logistics facilities. We believe that our vertical-integration model offers strategic advantages over participants operating in only one facet of the industry, such as production, and we continue to seek opportunities to incorporate upstream and downstream ethanol-related firms into our operations. We believe that we are well positioned to be a consolidator of strategic ethanol assets.
25
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are proper and reasonable under the circumstances. We continually evaluate the appropriateness of estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Key accounting policies, including but not limited to those relating to revenue recognition, cost of goods sold, property and equipment, impairment of long-lived assets, share-based compensation, derivative financial instruments and income taxes, are impacted significantly by judgments, assumptions and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. See further discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, as well as significant accounting policies, in our Form 10-K for the nine-month transition period ended December 31, 2008.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 165,“Subsequent Events.” SFAS No. 165 establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. Although the standard is based on the same principles as those that currently exist in accounting and auditing standards, it includes a new required disclosure of the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events. The Company adopted SFAS No. 165 during the quarter ended June 30, 2009, and its application had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company evaluated subsequent events through the date the accompanying financial statements were issued, which was August 10, 2009.
In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 168, “The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles – A Replacement of FASB Statement No. 162.” SFAS No. 168 establishes the FASB Accounting Standards Codification as the single source of authoritative nongovernmental U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. SFAS No. 168 is effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. The adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on our financial statements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
Results of Operations
Prior to completion of the merger with Green Plains, VBV had a controlling interest in two development stage ethanol plants. Operations commenced at these plants in September 2008 and November 2008. Accordingly, VBV, the acquiring entity for accounting purposes, was a development stage company until September 2008. Pursuant to reverse acquisition accounting rules, results of operations include the financial results of VBV from its period of inception, along with the financial results of Green Plains since October 15, 2008.
The Company’s chief operating decision makers review our operations in three separate operating segments. For additional information related to operating segments, seeNote 5 – Segment Information included herein as part of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. These segments are: (1) production of ethanol and related by-products (which we collectively refer to as “Ethanol Production”), (2) grain warehousing and marketing, as well as sales and related services of agronomy and petroleum products (which we collectively refer to as “Agribusiness”), and (3) marketing and distribution of Company-produced and third-party ethanol and distillers grains (which we refer to as “Marketing and Distribution”). Corporate operating expenses, primarily consisting of compensation, professional fees and overhead costs not directly related to a specific operating segment, are reflected in the table below as “c orporate activities.”
26
The following are revenues, gross profit and operating income (loss) for our operating segments for the periods indicated (in thousands):
|
|
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Six Months Ended | ||||||||
|
|
|
| June 30, |
| June 30, | ||||||||
|
|
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2009 |
| 2008 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
| Ethanol Production |
| $ | 152,053 |
| $ | - |
| $ | 289,557 |
| $ | - | |
| Agribusiness |
|
| 58,758 |
|
| - |
|
| 104,968 |
|
| - | |
| Marketing and Distribution |
| 231,208 |
|
| 259 |
|
| 409,562 |
|
| 259 | ||
| Intersegment eliminations |
|
| (157,364) |
|
| - |
|
| (298,350) |
|
| - | |
|
|
|
| $ | 284,655 |
| $ | 259 |
| $ | 505,737 |
| $ | 259 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
| Ethanol Production |
| $ | 4,664 |
| $ | - |
| $ | 1,903 |
| $ | - | |
| Agribusiness |
|
| 7,343 |
|
| - |
|
| 10,089 |
|
| - | |
| Marketing and Distribution |
| 2,839 |
|
| 94 |
|
| 4,682 |
|
| 94 | ||
| Intersegment eliminations |
|
| 37 |
|
| - |
|
| 88 |
|
| - | |
|
|
|
| $ | 14,883 |
| $ | 94 |
| $ | 16,762 |
| $ | 94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income (loss): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
| Ethanol Production |
| $ | 2,589 |
| $ | - |
| $ | (2,053) |
| $ | - | |
| Agribusiness |
|
| 4,114 |
|
| - |
|
| 4,040 |
|
| - | |
| Marketing and Distribution |
| 587 |
|
| - |
|
| 433 |
|
| - | ||
| Intersegment eliminations |
|
| 37 |
|
| - |
|
| 88 |
|
| - | |
| Corporate activities |
|
| (3,191) |
|
| (1,367) |
|
| (5,552) |
|
| (3,320) | |
|
|
|
| $ | 4,136 |
| $ | (1,367) |
| $ | (3,044) |
| $ | (3,320) |
Revenues during the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 were $284.7 million and $505.7 million, respectively, as compared to $0.3 million for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2008. VBV was a development stage company until the Bluffton ethanol plant commenced production in September 2008. In June 2008, VBV established a marketing and distribution business unit whereby VBV purchased, sold and marketed ethanol.
Previously, Green Plains Superior, Green Plains Bluffton and Green Plains Obion had contracted with third-party marketers to purchase all of their ethanol production. Under the agreements, we sold our ethanol production exclusively to them at a price per gallon based on a market price at the time of sale, less certain marketing, storage, and transportation costs, as well as a profit margin for each gallon sold. These agreements terminated during the first quarter of 2009. Following completion of the Merger and prior to the termination of the agreements, nearly all of our ethanol that was sold to one of the third-party marketers was repurchased by Green Plains Trade, reflected in the Marketing and Distribution segment, and resold to other customers. Corresponding revenues and related costs of goods sold were eliminated in consolidation.
Cost of goods sold during the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 was $269.8 million and $489.0 million, respectively, resulting in a gross profit of $14.9 million and $16.8 million, respectively. We had $0.2 million in cost of goods sold during both the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 as VBV was still a development stage company at that time, and they had just begun to market ethanol in June 2008. Included in cost of goods sold during the six months ended June 30, 2009 is a one-time charge of $4.6 million related to the cancellation of the third-party ethanol marketing agreements, as discussed above.
27
Operating expenses were $10.8 million, and $19.8 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively. Operating expenses during the corresponding time periods of 2008 were $1.5 million and $3.4 million, respectively. Operating expenses for the three and six months ending June 30, 2009 include the operations of the Bluffton and Obion ethanol production plants and Green Plains Trade, along with the acquired operations of Green Plains Grain and the Shenandoah and Superior ethanol production plants. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, operating expenses include development-stage expenses only as the Bluffton and Obion plants were under construction, and do not include the operating expenses of the Shenandoah and Superior plants (as this period is pre-Merger). The $16.4 million increase in operating expenses during the six-month period ended June 30, 2009, as compared to the same period during 2008, is mainly due to an increase in employee salaries, incentives, benefits and other expenses resulting from the increase in employees hired to operate our ethanol plants in Bluffton and Obion, stock-based compensation costs, professional services and inclusion of operating expenses for the predecessor Green Plains companies. Our operating expenses are primarily general and administrative expenses for employee salaries, incentives and benefits; stock-based compensation expenses; office expenses; board fees; and professional fees for accounting, legal, consulting, and investor relations activities. Personnel costs, which include employee salaries, incentives and benefits, are the largest single category of expenditures in operating expenses.
Interest expense was $3.8 million and $6.3 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively, and less than $0.1 million for each of the corresponding periods in 2008. Interest expense during the period of plant construction was capitalized to construction in progress. With our plants now operational, interest on debt is charged to interest expense. However, interest expense during the first six months of 2009 was reduced by $1.1 million due to patronage refunds received from two of our lenders, all of which was received during the first quarter of 2009.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
On June 30, 2009, we had $55.3 million in cash and equivalents and $13.2 million available under committed loan agreements (subject to satisfaction of specified lending conditions). Cash and cash equivalents increased from levels at the end of the first quarter primarily as a result of cash provided by operating activities, less cash used by the Company for scheduled debt and interest payments.
On July 30, 2009 Green Plains Trade entered into a senior secured revolving credit facility with a major commercial lender. Under the credit agreement, the lender will loan up to $30.0 million, subject to a borrowing base up to 85% of eligible receivables and a current availability block of $5.0 million. The revolving credit facility matures in July 2012 and bears interest at either: (1) Base Rate (lender’s commercial floating rate plus 2.5%); or, (2) EuroDollar Rate (30, 60 or 90 day EuroDollar lending rate plus 3.5%). Green Plains Trade will use this facility to fund its working capital needs.
Our business is highly impacted by commodity prices, including prices for corn, ethanol and natural gas. We attempt to reduce the market risk associated with fluctuations in commodity prices through the use of derivative financial instruments. Sudden changes in commodity prices may require cash deposits with brokers, or margin calls. Depending on our open derivative positions we may require significant liquidity with little advanced notice to meet margin calls. With the additional funding received in July 2009, which is secured by eligible Company receivables, we believe we have sufficient cash on hand or available under committed loan agreements to support our current risk management activities.
In May and June 2009, loan agreements for Green Plains Bluffton, Green Plains Obion and Green Plains Superior were amended to reduce certain financial covenants related to working capital and net worth balances. Current forecasts for our ethanol plants indicate that we may fail to meet required working capital, net worth and/or debt service coverage ratios at those subsidiaries unless the loan agreements are amended. In that event, we may seek additional waivers from the lenders or may inject additional capital into those subsidiaries, as necessary, to become compliant, though we have no obligation to make such an injection. Because of the volatility of our income and cash flow, we are unable to accurately predict whether any of our subsidiaries will be able to independently comply with their respective covenants in the future. In the event a subsidiary is unable to comply with its respective debt covenants, the subsidiary’s lenders may determine tha t an event of default has occurred. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, and following notice, the lenders may terminate any commitment and declare the entire unpaid balance due and payable. Based upon our current forecasts, we believe we have sufficient liquidity available on a consolidated basis to resolve a subsidiary’s noncompliance; however, no obligation exists to provide such liquidity. Furthermore, no assurance can be provided that actual operating results will approximate our forecasts or that we will inject the necessary capital into a subsidiary to maintain compliance.
28
We believe that the Company has sufficient working capital for its existing operations. However, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to secure additional funding for any of our operations, if necessary, given the current state of credit markets. A sustained period of unprofitable operations may strain our liquidity and make it difficult to maintain compliance with our financing arrangements. While we may seek additional sources of working capital in response, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to secure this funding, if necessary. In the future, we may decide to improve or preserve our liquidity through the issuance of common stock in exchange for materials and services. We may also sell additional equity or borrow additional amounts to expand our ethanol plants; build additional or acquire existing ethanol plants; and/or build additional or acquire existing corn storage facilities. We can provide no as surance that we will be able to secure the funding necessary for these additional projects or for additional working capital needs at reasonable terms, if at all.
Long-Term Debt
For additional information related to the Company’s long-term debt, seeNote 9 – Long-Term Debt and Lines of Credit included herein as part of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Ethanol Production Segment
Each of our Ethanol Production segment subsidiaries have credit facilities with lender groups that provided for term and revolving term loans to finance construction and operation of the production facilities.
The Green Plains Bluffton loan is comprised of a $70.0 million amortizing term loan and a $20.0 million revolving term loan. At June 30, 2009, $66.5 million related to the term loan was outstanding, along with $19.4 million on the revolving term loan. The term loan requires quarterly principal payments of $1.75 million. The loans mature on November 1, 2013.
The Green Plains Obion loan is comprised of a $60.0 million amortizing term loan, a revolving term loan of $37.4 million and a $2.6 million statused revolving credit supplement (seasonal borrowing capacity). At June 30, 2009, $57.6 million related to the term loan was outstanding, along with a combined $38.8 million on the revolving term loan and revolving credit supplement. The term loan requires quarterly principal payments of $2.4 million. The term loan matures on May 20, 2015 and the revolving loans mature on November 1, 2018.
The Green Plains Shenandoah loan is comprised of a $30.0 million amortizing term loan, a $17.0 million revolving term loan, and a statused revolving credit supplement (seasonal borrowing capability) of up to $4.3 million. At June 30, 2009, $22.0 million related to the term loan was outstanding, along with the entire $17.0 million on the revolving term loan, and $3.3 million on the seasonal borrowing agreement. The term loan requires quarterly principal payments of $1.2 million. The term loan matures on May 20, 2014 and the revolving loan matures on November 1, 2017.
The Green Plains Superior loan is comprised of a $40.0 million amortizing term loan and a $10.0 million revolving term facility. At June 30, 2009, $34.5 million related to the term loan was outstanding, along with the entire $10.0 million on the revolving term loan. The term loan requires quarterly principal payments of $1.375 million. The term loan matures on July 20, 2015 and the revolving loan matures on July 1, 2017.
Each term loan has a provision that requires the Company to make annual special payments equal to a percentage ranging from 65% to 75% of the available free cash flow from the related entity’s operations (as defined in the respective loan agreements), subject to certain limitations.
With certain exceptions, the revolving term facilities are generally available for advances throughout the life of the commitment. Interest-only payments are due each month on all revolving term facilities until the final maturity date, with the exception of Green Plains Obion’s agreement, which requires additional semi-annual payments of $4.675 million beginning November 1, 2015.
The term loans and revolving facilities bear interest at either the Agent Base Rate (prime) plus from 0.0% to 1.0% or short-term fixed rates at LIBOR plus 250 to 435 basis points (each based on a ratio of total equity to total assets). As security for the loans, the lenders received a first-position lien on all personal property and real estate owned by the respective entity borrowing the funds, including an assignment of all contracts and rights pertinent to construction and on-going operations of the plant. These borrowing entities are also required to maintain certain financial and non-financial covenants during the terms of the loans.
Bluffton Revenue Bond – Green Plains Bluffton also received $22.0 million in Subordinate Solid Waste Disposal Facility Revenue Bond funds from the City of Bluffton, IN. The revenue bond requires: (1) semi-annual interest only payments of $825,000 through September 1, 2009, (2) semi-annual principal and interest payments of approximately $1.5 million during the period commencing on March 1, 2010 through March 1, 2019, and (3) a final principal and interest payment of $3.745 million on September 1, 2019. The revenue bond bears interest at 7.50% per annum.
29
Agribusiness Segment
The Green Plains Grain loan is comprised of a $9.0 million amortizing term loan and a $35.0 million revolving term loan. Loan proceeds are used primarily for working capital purposes. At June 30, 2009, $7.9 million on the term loan and $23.4 million on the revolving term loan was outstanding. The term loan expires on April 3, 2013 and the revolving loan expires on September 30, 2010. Payments of $225,000 under the term loan are due on the last business day of each calendar quarter, with any remaining amount payable at the expiration of the loan term. The loans bear interest at either the Agent Base Rate (prime) minus 0.25% to plus 0.75% or short-term fixed rates at LIBOR plus 175 to 275 basis points (each depending on Green Plains Grain’s fixed charge ratio for the preceding four fiscal quarters). As security for the loans, the lender received a first-position lien on real estate, equipment, inventory and accounts receivable owned by Green Plains Gra in. In addition, Green Plain Grain had outstanding equipment financing term loans totaling $1.5 million at June 30, 2009.
Marketing and Distribution Segment
The Blendstar loan is comprised of a $0.5 million loan maturing in 2012. Payments of $16,698 are due monthly and the loan is guaranteed by the Company. In addition, the Company has agreed to lend Blendstar an amount up to $2.0 million. At June 30, 2009, $0.5 million was outstanding related to this loan agreement. The loan matures in May 2010 with the option to renew. Amounts outstanding under this loan are eliminated in consolidation.
Contractual Obligations
Our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2009 were as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
| Payments Due By Period | |||||||||||||
Contractual Obligations(1) |
| Total |
| Less than 1 year |
| 1-3 years |
| 3-5 years |
| More than 5 years | ||||||||
| Long-term debt obligations(2) |
| $ | 330,673 |
| $ | 36,761 |
| $ | 86,010 |
| $ | 111,863 |
| $ | 96,039 | ||
| Operating lease obligations(3) |
|
| 21,436 |
|
| 6,217 |
|
| 6,664 |
|
| 4,507 |
|
| 4,048 | ||
| Purchase obligations(4) |
|
| 203,601 |
|
| 188,774 |
|
| 5,566 |
|
| 4,398 |
|
| 4,863 | ||
|
| Total |
| $ | 555,710 |
| $ | 231,752 |
| $ | 98,240 |
| $ | 120,768 |
| $ | 104,950 |
_______________________________________
(1) Obligations related to the Ord and Central City plants are not included in the above table as the acquisitions of these plants occurred in July 2009.
(2) Includes current portion of long-term debt.
(3) Operating lease costs are primarily for railcars and office space.
(4) Includes forward corn purchase contracts.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are subject to market risks concerning our long-term debt, future prices of corn, natural gas, ethanol and distillers grains. From time to time, we may purchase corn futures and options to hedge a portion of the corn we anticipate we will need. In addition, we have contracted for future physical delivery of corn. We are exposed to the full impact of market fluctuations associated with interest rates and commodity prices as discussed below. At this time, we do not expect to have exposure to foreign currency risk as we expect to conduct all of our business in U.S. dollars.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates. Exposure to interest rate risk results primarily from holding term and revolving loans that bear variable interest rates. Specifically, we have $330.7 million outstanding in long-term debt as of June 30, 2009, $300.4 million of which is variable-rate in nature. Interest rates on our variable-rate debt are determined based upon the market interest rate of either the lender’s prime rate or LIBOR, as applicable. A 10% change in interest rates would affect our interest cost on such debt by approximately $3.0 million per year in the aggregate. Other details of our outstanding debt are discussed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included later as a part of this report.
30
Commodity Price Risk
We produce ethanol and distillers grains from corn and our business is sensitive to changes in the prices of each of these commodities. The price of corn is subject to fluctuations due to unpredictable factors such as weather; corn planted and harvested acreage; changes in national and global supply and demand; and government programs and policies. We use natural gas in the ethanol production process and, as a result, our business is also sensitive to changes in the price of natural gas. The price of natural gas is influenced by such weather factors as extreme heat or cold in the summer and winter, or other natural events like hurricanes in the spring, summer and fall. Other natural gas price factors include North American exploration and production, and the amount of natural gas in underground storage during both the injection and withdrawal seasons. Ethanol prices are sensitive to world crude-oil supply and demand; crude-oil refining capacity and utiliz ation; government regulation; and consumer demand for alternative fuels. Distillers grains prices are sensitive to various demand factors such as numbers of livestock on feed, prices for feed alternatives, and supply factors, primarily production by ethanol plants and other sources.
We attempt to reduce the market risk associated with fluctuations in the price of corn and natural gas by employing a variety of risk management and hedging strategies. Strategies include the use of derivative financial instruments, such as futures and options executed on the Chicago Board of Trade and/or the New York Mercantile Exchange, as well as the daily management of our physical corn and natural gas procurement relative to plant requirements for each commodity. The management of our physical corn procurement may incorporate the use of forward fixed-price contracts and basis contracts.
We attempt to hedge the majority of our positions by buying, selling and holding inventories of various commodities, some of which are readily traded on commodity futures exchanges. We focus on locking in net margins based on an “earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”)” model that continually monitors market prices of corn, natural gas and other input costs against prices for ethanol and distillers grains at each of our production facilities. We create offsetting positions by using a combination of derivative instruments, fixed-price purchases and sales, or a combination of strategies in order to manage risk associated with commodity price fluctuations. Our primary focus is not to manage general price movements, for example minimize the cost of corn consumed, but rather to lock in favorable EBITDA margins whenever possible. We also employ a value-at-risk model with strict limits established by our Boar d of Directors to minimize commodity market exposures from open positions.
Ethanol Production Segment
A sensitivity analysis has been prepared to estimate our Ethanol Production segment exposure to ethanol, corn, distillers grains and natural gas price risk. Market risk related to these factors is estimated as the potential change in pre-tax income resulting from hypothetical 10% adverse changes in prices of our expected corn and natural gas requirements, and ethanol and distillers grains output for a one-year period from June 30, 2009. This analysis excludes the impact of risk management activities that result from our use of fixed-price purchase and sale contracts and derivatives. The results of this analysis, which may differ from actual results, are as follows (in thousands):
Commodity |
| Estimated Total Volume Requirements for the Next 12 Months(1) |
| Unit of Measure |
| Approximate Adverse Change to Income | |
Ethanol |
| 467,752 |
| Gallons |
| $ | 72,901 |
Corn |
| 170,797 |
| Bushels |
| $ | 44,605 |
Distillers grains |
| 1,468 |
| Tons (2) |
| $ | 15,905 |
Natural gas |
| 12,599 |
| MMBTU |
| $ | 6,426 |
_______________________________________
(1) Estimated volume requirements for the next 12 months, including Ord and Central City plants.
(2) Distillers grains quantities are stated on an equivalent dried ton basis.
At June 30, 2009, approximately 15% of our forecasted ethanol production during the next 12 months has been sold under fixed-price contracts. As a result of these positions, the effect of a 10% adverse move in the price of ethanol shown above would be reduced by approximately $11.0 million.
At June 30, 2009, approximately 17% of our estimated corn usage for the next 12 months was subject to fixed-price contracts. As a result of these positions, the effect of a 10% adverse move in the price of corn shown above would be reduced by approximately $7.4 million.
At June 30, 2009, approximately 14% of our forecasted distillers grain production for the next 12 months was subject to fixed-price contracts. As a result of these positions, the effect of a 10% adverse move in the price of distillers grains shown above would be reduced by approximately $2.1 million.
31
At June 30, 2009, approximately 21% of our forecasted natural gas requirements for the next 12 months have been purchased under fixed-price contracts. As a result of these positions, the effect of a 10% adverse move in the price of natural gas shown above would be reduced by approximately $1.3 million.
Agribusiness Segment
The availability and price of agricultural commodities are subject to wide fluctuations due to unpredictable factors such as weather, plantings, foreign and domestic government farm programs and policies, changes in global demand created by population changes and changes in standards of living, and global production of similar and competitive crops. To reduce price risk caused by market fluctuations in purchase and sale commitments for grain and grain held in inventory, we enter into exchange-traded futures and options contracts that function as economic hedges. The market value of exchange-traded futures and options used for economic hedging has a high, but not perfect correlation, to the underlying market value of grain inventories and related purchase and sale contracts. The less correlated portion of inventory and purchase and sale contract market value (known as basis) is much less volatile than the overall market value of exchange-traded futures and tends to follow historical patterns. We manage this less volatile risk by constantly monitoring our position relative to the price changes in the market. In addition, inventory values are affected by the month-to-month spread relationships in the regulated futures markets, as we carry inventories over time. These spread relationships are also less volatile than the overall market value and tend to follow historical patterns, but also represent a risk that cannot be directly offset. Our accounting policy for our futures and options, as well as the underlying inventory positions and purchase and sale contracts, is to mark them to the market and include gains and losses in the consolidated statement of operations in sales and merchandising revenues.
A sensitivity analysis has been prepared to estimate Agribusiness segment exposure to market risk of our commodity position (exclusive of basis risk). Our daily net commodity position consists of inventories related to purchase and sale contracts and exchange-traded contracts. The fair value of our position is a summation of the fair values calculated for each commodity by valuing each net position at quoted futures market prices. Market risk is estimated as the potential loss in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in such prices. The result of this analysis, which may differ from actual results, is as follows (in thousands):
Fair Value | $ | 150 |
Market Risk | $ | 15 |
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required financial disclosure.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision of and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act). Due to the numerous pervasive changes that occurred in the Company’s control environment as a result of the October 2008 Merger, and enhancements that were made but not yet tested during the quarter ended June 30, 2009, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer were unable to conclude at the time of this evaluation that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this report, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Co mpany in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, completely and accurately, within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. As discussed in further detail in our Form 10-K for the nine-month transition period ended December 31, 2008, numerous pervasive changes occurred to the Company’s internal control environment as a result of the October 2008 Merger. Enhancements have been made to the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the second quarter ended June 30, 2009 to address the Company’s post-merger internal control environment. Those enhancements include improved documentation of control procedures through expanded inquiry and observation. In addition, the Company implemented standardizat ion of inventory costing and account reconciliation processes. There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this quarterly report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
None.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our investors should consider the risks that could affect us and our business as set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the nine-month transition period ended December 31, 2008 and in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2009. Although we have attempted to discuss key factors, our investors need to be aware that other risks may prove to be important in the future. New risks may emerge at any time and we cannot predict such risks or estimate the extent to which they may affect our financial performance. As a result of our merger with VBV, IBE and EGP (the “Mergers”), we are subject to a number of risks, which have been previously disclosed, associated with the transactions contemplated by the Mergers. Investors should carefully consider the discussion of risks and the other information included or incorporated by re ference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including Forward-Looking Information, which is included in Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
The Company held its annual meeting of stockholders on May 7, 2009. The matters voted upon at such meeting and the number of shares cast for, against or withheld, and abstained are as follows:
1. Proposal to elect four directors to serve three-year terms that expire at the 2012 annual meeting.
Nominee |
| For |
| Withheld |
Jim Barry |
| 15,729,362 |
| 10,251 |
Todd Becker |
| 15,724,187 |
| 15,426 |
Brian Peterson |
| 15,669,168 |
| 70,445 |
Alain Truer |
| 15,686,337 |
| 53,276 |
2. Proposal to ratify and approve adoption of the Green Plains Renewable Energy, Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan.
For: | 15,652,548 |
| Against: | 86,909 |
| Abstain: | 156 |
| Broker Non-Vote: | 0 |
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. | Description |
10.1 | Membership Interest Purchase Agreement by and between the Entities listed on Schedule 1 hereto, AgStar Financial Services, PCA, as Seller Agent, and Green Plains Holdings dated as of May 20, 2009 |
10.2 | Membership Interest Purchase Agreement by and between the Entities listed on Schedule 1 hereto, AgStar Financial Services, PCA, as Seller Agent, and Green Plains Holdings dated as of May 20, 2009 |
10.3 | Refundable Deposit and Escrow Agreement dated May 20, 2009 by and among Green Plains Holdings LLC, AgStar Financial Services, PCA, as Seller Agent and Springdale Title Company |
10.4 | Refundable Deposit and Escrow Agreement dated May 20, 2009 by and among Green Plains Holdings LLC, AgStar Financial Services, PCA, as Seller Agent and Springdale Title Company |
10.5 | Credit Agreement by and among Green Plains Ord LLC, Green Plains Holdings LLC, AgStar Financial Services, PCA as Administrative Agent and the Banks named therein, dated July 2, 2009 |
10.6 | Credit Agreement by and among Green Plains Central City LLC, Green Plains Holdings LLC, AgStar Financial Services, PCA as Administrative Agent and the Banks named therein, dated July 2, 2009 |
10.7 | Revolving Credit and Security Agreement by and between PNC Bank, National Association (as Lender and Agent) and Green Plains Trade Group LLC, dated July 30, 2009 |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to S.E.C. Rule 13a-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to S.E.C. Rule 13a-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| GREEN PLAINS RENEWABLE ENERGY, INC. (Registrant) | ||
|
| ||
Date: August 10 , 2009 | By: | /s/ Todd A. Becker |
|
|
| Todd A. Becker President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |
|
|
| |
Date: August 10, 2009 | By: | /s/ Jerry L. Peters |
|
|
| Jerry L. Peters Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
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