Green Plains (GPRE) 10-Q 31 Oct 23 2023 Q3 Quarterly report Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 26, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-32924
Entity Registrant Name	GREEN PLAINS INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	IA
Entity Tax Identification Number	84-1652107
Entity Address, Address Line One	1811 Aksarben Drive
Entity Address, City or Town	Omaha
Entity Address, State or Province	NE
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	68106
City Area Code	402
Local Phone Number	884-8700
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
Trading Symbol	GPRE
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		59,511,339
Entity Central Index Key	0001309402
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 326,701	$ 444,661
Restricted cash	39,459	55,615
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $85 and $429, respectively	142,790	108,610
Income taxes receivable	1,097	1,286
Inventories	208,061	278,950
Prepaid expenses and other	23,164	19,837
Derivative financial instruments	16,271	19,791
Total current assets	757,543	928,750
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation ‎and amortization of $669,936 and $632,298, respectively	1,011,287	1,029,327
Operating lease right-of-use assets	79,376	73,244
Other assets	102,938	91,810
Total assets	1,951,144	2,123,131
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	138,350	234,301
Accrued and other liabilities	57,276	44,443
Derivative financial instruments	21,828	47,941
Operating lease current liabilities	23,335	20,721
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings	159,747	137,678
Current maturities of long-term debt	1,936	1,838
Total current liabilities	402,472	486,922
Long-term debt	491,945	495,243
Operating lease long-term liabilities	59,297	55,515
Other liabilities	22,934	24,385
Total liabilities	976,648	1,062,065
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized; ‎62,318,266 and 62,100,555 shares issued, and 59,513,207 ‎and 59,295,496 shares outstanding, respectively	62	62
Additional paid-in capital	1,110,425	1,110,151
Retained deficit	(243,034)	(142,417)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(8,130)	(26,591)
Treasury stock, 2,805,059 shares	(31,174)	(31,174)
Total Green Plains stockholders' equity	828,149	910,031
Noncontrolling interests	146,347	151,035
Total stockholders' equity	974,496	1,061,066
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 1,951,144	$ 2,123,131

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, allowances	$ 85	$ 429
Property and equipment, accumulated depreciation and amortization	$ 669,936	$ 632,298
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	62,318,266	62,100,555
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	59,513,207	59,295,496
Treasury stock (in shares)		2,805,059

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 892,770	$ 954,977	$ 2,583,351	$ 2,748,806
Costs and expenses
Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses reflected below)	811,299	956,857	2,471,395	2,650,680
Operations and maintenance expenses	6,709	6,287	21,032	18,012
Selling, general and administrative expenses	35,340	29,066	100,510	90,042
Gain on sale of assets	(5,651)	0	(5,651)	0
Depreciation and amortization expenses	23,899	24,647	73,911	66,013
Total costs and expenses	871,596	1,016,857	2,661,197	2,824,747
Operating income (loss)	21,174	(61,880)	(77,846)	(75,941)
Other income (expense)
Interest income	2,467	1,763	8,403	2,640
Interest expense	(9,550)	(9,576)	(29,029)	(26,182)
Other, net	4,282	(182)	4,310	28,394
Total other income (expense)	(2,801)	(7,995)	(16,316)	4,852
Income (loss) before income taxes and income (loss) from equity method investees	18,373	(69,875)	(94,162)	(71,089)
Income tax benefit	7,763	1,888	5,353	146
Income (loss) from equity method investees	156	84	532	(112)
Net income (loss)	26,292	(67,903)	(88,277)	(71,055)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	3,981	5,623	12,340	17,547
Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains	$ 22,311	$ (73,526)	$ (100,617)	$ (88,602)
Earnings per share
Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains - basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.38	$ (1.27)	$ (1.71)	$ (1.62)
EPS - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.35	$ (1.27)	$ (1.71)	$ (1.62)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic (in shares)	58,910,000	57,677,000	58,780,000	54,550,000
Diluted (in shares)	67,402,000	57,677,000	58,780,000	54,550,000

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ 26,292	$ (67,903)	$ (88,277)	$ (71,055)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gains on derivatives arising during the period, net of tax expense of ($4,547), ($2,494), ($746) and ($836), respectively	14,469	7,740	2,391	2,591
Reclassification of realized losses (gains) on derivatives, net of tax expense (benefit) of ($3,384), $536, ($5,053) and $359, respectively	10,767	(1,662)	16,070	(1,112)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	25,236	6,078	18,461	1,479
Comprehensive income (loss)	51,528	(61,825)	(69,816)	(69,576)
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	3,981	5,623	12,340	17,547
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Green Plains	$ 47,547	$ (67,448)	$ (82,156)	$ (87,123)

Consolidated Statements of Co_2

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Tax (expense) benefit on unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives arising during the period	$ (4,547)	$ (2,494)	$ (746)	$ (836)
Tax (expense) benefit on reclassification of realized losses (gains) on derivatives	$ (3,384)	$ 536	$ (5,053)	$ 359

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$ (88,277)	$ (71,055)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	73,911	66,013
Amortization of debt issuance costs and non-cash interest expense	2,172	3,214
Gain (loss) on sale	(5,651)	0
Inventory lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment	1,663	11,177
Loss on extinguishment debt	0	419
Deferred income taxes	(5,799)	(477)
Stock-based compensation	9,413	6,646
Loss (income) from equity method investees	(532)	112
Other	1,374	1,212
Changes in operating assets and liabilities before effects of asset disposition
Accounts receivable	(34,180)	(1,063)
Inventories	65,480	(2,191)
Derivative financial instruments	2,187	(19,985)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(3,635)	2,911
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(76,134)	(30,283)
Current income tax expense (benefit)	1,094	(51)
Other	1,528	(1,065)
Net cash used in operating activities	(55,386)	(34,466)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment, net	(77,876)	(183,225)
Proceeds from Sale of Productive Assets	25,106	0
Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities	0	99,917
Investment in equity method investees	(16,299)	(6,976)
Net cash used in investing activities	(69,069)	(90,284)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt	0	45,000
Payments of principal on long-term debt	(4,325)	(1,347)
Proceeds from short-term borrowings	1,027,268	1,649,828
Payments on short-term borrowings	(1,006,163)	(1,616,226)
Debt prepayment cost	0	(1,766)
Payments of dividends and distributions	(17,465)	(16,498)
Payments of loan fees	(16)	(2,522)
Payments related to tax withholdings for stock-based compensation	(8,960)	(3,806)
Other financing activities	0	(1,424)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(9,661)	51,239
Net change in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(134,116)	(73,511)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	500,276	560,959
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	366,160	487,448
Reconciliation of total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents	326,701	420,838
Restricted cash	39,459	66,610
Total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash	366,160	487,448
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow
Cash paid for income taxes, net	787	381
Cash paid for interest	28,160	26,126
Capital expenditures in accounts payable	$ 3,940	$ 10,289

Basis of Presentation, Descript

Basis of Presentation, Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation, Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	BASIS OF PRESENTATION, DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES References to the Company References to “Green Plains” or the “company” in the consolidated financial statements and in these notes to the consolidated financial statements refer to Green Plains Inc., an Iowa corporation, and its subsidiaries. Consolidated Financial Statements The consolidated financial statements include the company’s accounts and all significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated. Unconsolidated entities are included in the financial statements on an equity basis. As of September 30, 2023, the company owns a 48.8% limited partner interest and a 2.0% general partner interest in Green Plains Partners LP. Public investors own the remaining 49.2% limited partner interest in the partnership. The company determined that the limited partners in the partnership with equity at risk lack the power, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities that most significantly impact the partnership’s economic performance; therefore, the partnership is considered a variable interest entity. The company, through its ownership of the general partner interest in the partnership, has the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect economic performance and is obligated to absorb losses and has the right to receive benefits that could be significant to the partnership. Therefore, the company is considered the primary beneficiary and consolidates the partnership in the company’s financial statements. The assets of the partnership cannot be used by the company for general corporate purposes. The partnership’s consolidated total assets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, excluding intercompany balances, are $108.8 million and $108.7 million, respectively, and primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets and goodwill. The partnership’s consolidated total liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, excluding intercompany balances, are $121.0 million and $119.5 million, respectively, which primarily consist of long-term debt as discussed in Note 8 – Debt and operating lease liabilities. The liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating the partnership do not represent additional claims on the company’s general assets. On September 16, 2023, a definitive agreement and plan of merger was entered into by and among the company, GPLP Holdings Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the company, GPLP Merger Sub LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of GPLP Holdings Inc., the partnership, and Green Plains Holdings LLC. Refer to Note 3 - Merger and Disposition included herein for more information. The company also owns a majority interest in FQT, with their results being consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Because they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements, the unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 10, 2023. The unaudited financial information reflects adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented. The adjustments are normal and recurring in nature, unless otherwise noted. Interim period results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The company bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions it believes are proper and reasonable under the circumstances and regularly evaluates the appropriateness of its estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain accounting policies, including but not limited to those relating to impairment of goodwill, derivative financial instruments and accounting for income taxes, are impacted significantly by judgments, assumptions and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Description of Business The company operates within three operating segments: (1) ethanol production, which includes the production of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil, (2) agribusiness and energy services, which includes grain handling and storage, commodity marketing and merchant trading for company-produced and third-party ethanol, distillers grains, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities and (3) partnership, which includes fuel storage and transportation services. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents includes bank deposits as well as short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Restricted Cash The company has restricted cash, which can only be used for funding letters of credit and for payment towards a credit agreement. Restricted cash also includes cash margins and securities pledged to commodity exchange clearinghouses and at times, funds in escrow related to acquisition and disposition activities. To the degree these segregated balances are cash and cash equivalents, they are considered restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets. Marketable Securities Marketable securities include highly liquid, fixed maturity investments with original maturities ranging from three to twelve months and are carried at amortized cost, reflecting the ability and intent to hold the securities to maturity. Revenue Recognition The company recognizes revenue when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Sales, value add, and other taxes the company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Sales of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities by the company’s marketing business are recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services. Revenues related to marketing for third parties are presented on a gross basis as the company controls the product prior to the sale to the end customer, takes title of the product and has inventory risk. Unearned revenue is recorded for goods in transit when the company has received payment but control has not yet been transferred to the customer. Revenues for receiving, storing, transferring and transporting ethanol and other fuels are recognized when the product is delivered to the customer. The company routinely enters into physical-delivery energy commodity purchase and sale agreements. At times, the company settles these transactions by transferring its obligations to other counterparties rather than delivering the physical commodity. Revenues include net gains or losses from derivatives related to products sold while cost of goods sold includes net gains or losses from derivatives related to commodities purchased. Revenues also include realized gains and losses on related derivative financial instruments and reclassifications of realized gains and losses on cash flow hedges from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Sales of products, including agricultural commodities, are recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer, which depends on the agreed upon shipment or delivery terms. Revenues related to grain merchandising are presented gross and include shipping and handling, which is also a component of cost of goods sold. A substantial portion of the partnership revenues are derived from fixed-fee commercial agreements for storage, terminal or transportation services. The partnership recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of product from its storage tanks and fuel terminals, when railcar volumetric capacity is provided, and as truck transportation services are performed. To the extent shortfalls associated with minimum volume commitments in the previous four quarters continue to exist, volumes in excess of the minimum volume commitment are applied to those shortfalls. Remaining excess volumes generating operating lease revenue are recognized as incurred. Shipping and Handling Costs The company accounts for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill its promise to transfer the associated products. Accordingly, the company records customer payments associated with shipping and handling costs as a component of revenue, and classifies such costs as a component of cost of goods sold. Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold includes materials, direct labor, shipping and plant overhead costs. Materials include the cost of corn feedstock, denaturant, and process chemicals. Corn feedstock costs include gains and losses on related derivative financial instruments not designated as cash flow hedges, inbound freight charges, inspection costs and transfer costs, as well as reclassifications of gains and losses on cash flow hedges from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Direct labor includes all compensation and related benefits of non-management personnel involved in ethanol production. Shipping costs incurred by the company, including railcar costs, are also reflected in cost of goods sold. Plant overhead consists primarily of plant utilities, repairs and maintenance and outbound freight charges. The company uses exchange-traded futures and options contracts and forward purchase and sale contracts to attempt to minimize the effect of price changes on ethanol, renewable corn oil, grain and natural gas. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued at quoted market prices and settled predominantly in cash. The company is exposed to loss when counterparties default on forward purchase and sale contracts. Grain inventories held for sale and forward purchase and sale contracts are valued at market prices when available or other market quotes adjusted for basis differences, primarily in transportation, between the exchange-traded market and local market where the terms of the contract is based. Changes in forward purchase contracts and exchange-traded futures and options contracts are recognized as a component of cost of goods sold. Operations and Maintenance Expenses In the partnership segment, transportation expenses represent the primary component of operations and maintenance expenses. Transportation expenses include railcar leases, freight and shipping of the company’s ethanol and co-products, as well as costs incurred storing ethanol at destination terminals. Derivative Financial Instruments The company uses various derivative financial instruments, including exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and over-the-counter options contracts, to attempt to minimize risk and the effect of commodity price changes including but not limited to, corn, ethanol, natural gas and other agricultural and energy products. The company monitors and manages this exposure as part of its overall risk management policy to reduce the adverse effect market volatility may have on its operating results. The company may hedge these commodities as one way to mitigate risk; however, there may be situations when these hedging activities themselves result in losses. By using derivatives to hedge exposures to changes in commodity prices, the company is exposed to credit and market risk. The company’s exposure to credit risk includes the counterparty’s failure to fulfill its performance obligations under the terms of the derivative contract. The company minimizes its credit risk by entering into transactions with high quality counterparties, limiting the amount of financial exposure it has with each counterparty and monitoring their financial condition. Market risk is the risk that the value of the financial instrument might be adversely affected by a change in commodity prices or interest rates. The company manages market risk by incorporating parameters to monitor exposure within its risk management strategy, which limits the types of derivative instruments and strategies the company can use and the degree of market risk it can take using derivative instruments. Forward contracts are recorded at fair value unless the contracts qualify for, and the company elects, normal purchase or sale exceptions. Changes in fair value are recorded in operating income unless the contracts qualify for, and the company elects, cash flow hedge accounting treatment. Certain qualifying derivatives related to ethanol production and agribusiness and energy services are designated as cash flow hedges. The company evaluates the derivative instrument to ascertain its effectiveness prior to entering into cash flow hedges. Unrealized gains and losses are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss until the gain or loss from the underlying hedged transaction is realized and the physical transaction is completed. When it becomes probable a forecasted transaction will not occur, the cash flow hedge treatment is discontinued, which affects earnings. These derivative financial instruments are recognized in current assets or current liabilities at fair value.

Revenue

Revenue	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue	REVENUE Revenue by Source The following tables disaggregate revenue by major source (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Partnership Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 22,664 — — — 22,664 Renewable corn oil — — — — — Other 5,855 3,437 954 — 10,246 Intersegment revenues — 151 1,280 (1,431) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 28,519 3,588 2,234 (1,431) 32,910 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 607,113 99,008 — — 706,121 Distillers grains 81,288 5,900 — — 87,188 Renewable corn oil 49,872 7,327 — — 57,199 Other 6,575 2,777 — — 9,352 Intersegment revenues — 6,481 — (6,481) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 744,848 121,493 — (6,481) 859,860 Leasing revenues under ASC 842 (2) — — 17,911 (17,911) — Total Revenues $ 773,367 $ 125,081 $ 20,145 $ (25,823) $ 892,770 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Partnership Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 65,258 — — — 65,258 Renewable corn oil — — — — — Other 22,732 13,709 3,136 — 39,577 Intersegment revenues — 151 4,589 (4,740) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 87,990 13,860 7,725 (4,740) 104,835 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 1,656,688 306,134 — — 1,962,822 Distillers grains 297,189 28,715 — — 325,904 Renewable corn oil 131,893 8,048 — — 139,941 Other 21,840 28,009 — — 49,849 Intersegment revenues — 18,524 — (18,524) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 2,107,610 389,430 — (18,524) 2,478,516 Leasing revenues under ASC 842 (2) — — 53,718 (53,718) — Total Revenues $ 2,195,600 $ 403,290 $ 61,443 $ (76,982) $ 2,583,351 Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Partnership Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 3,219 — — — 3,219 Renewable corn oil — — — — — Other 7,347 2,211 1,036 — 10,594 Intersegment revenues — — 1,850 (1,850) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 10,566 2,211 2,886 (1,850) 13,813 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 619,665 127,344 — — 747,009 Distillers grains 123,892 11,330 — — 135,222 Renewable corn oil 47,668 — — — 47,668 Other 9,224 2,041 — — 11,265 Intersegment revenues — 6,836 — (6,836) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 800,449 147,551 — (6,836) 941,164 Leasing revenues under ASC 842 (2) — — 17,180 (17,180) — Total Revenues $ 811,015 $ 149,762 $ 20,066 $ (25,866) $ 954,977 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Partnership Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 19,982 — — — 19,982 Renewable corn oil — — — — — Other 27,984 5,160 2,953 — 36,097 Intersegment revenues — 234 5,788 (6,022) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 47,966 5,394 8,741 (6,022) 56,079 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 1,736,228 361,036 — — 2,097,264 Distillers grains 365,839 34,629 — — 400,468 Renewable corn oil 140,513 3,957 — — 144,470 Other 19,188 31,337 — — 50,525 Intersegment revenues — 19,680 — (19,680) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 2,261,768 450,639 — (19,680) 2,692,727 Leasing revenues under ASC 842 (2) — — 50,079 (50,079) — Total Revenues $ 2,309,734 $ 456,033 $ 58,820 $ (75,781) $ 2,748,806 (1) Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives represent physically settled derivative sales that are outside the scope of ASC 606. (2) Leasing revenues do not represent revenues recognized from contracts with customers under ASC 606, and are accounted for under ASC 842, Leases . Major Customers Revenues from Customer A represented 14% of total revenues for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, recorded within the ethanol production segment. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, Customer A represented 14% and 13% of total revenues, respectively, recorded within the ethanol production segment.

MERGER AND DISPOSITION

MERGER AND DISPOSITION	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
MERGER AND DISPOSITION	MERGER AND DISPOSITION Green Plains Partners Definitive Merger Agreement On September 16, 2023, the company, GPLP Holdings Inc. (“Holdings”), GPLP Merger Sub LLC (“Merger Sub”), the partnership, and Green Plains Holdings LLC, the general partner of the partnership (the “General Partner”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into the partnership, with the partnership surviving as an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of the company (the “Merger”). Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), each outstanding common unit representing a limited partner interest in the partnership (each, a “Partnership Common Unit”) other than partnership common units owned by the company, the General Partner and their respective affiliates (each, a “Public Common Unit”) will be converted into the right to receive, subject to adjustment as described in the Merger Agreement, (i) 0.405 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the company (the “Company Common Stock” and the shares of the company common stock to be issued in the Merger, the “Stock Consideration”) and (ii) an amount of cash equal to the sum of (a) $2.00 plus (b) the product of (x) $0.455 divided by 90, multiplied by (y) the number of days from, but excluding, the last day of the calendar quarter with respect to which the General Partner has declared a quarterly cash distribution to the holders of partnership common units of no less than $0.455 per Partnership Common Unit with a record date prior to the date of the closing of the Merger (the “Closing Date”), to, but excluding, the Closing Date, computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months and the actual number of days for any period less than a calendar month, and rounded to the nearest whole cent, without interest (the “Cash Consideration” and, together with the Stock Consideration, the “Merger Consideration”). In addition, at the Effective Time, each of the outstanding awards relating to a Partnership Common Unit issued under a partnership long-term incentive plan (as defined in the Merger Agreement) will become fully vested and will be automatically canceled and converted into the right to receive, with respect to each Partnership Common Unit subject thereto, the Merger Consideration (plus any accrued but unpaid amounts in relation to distribution equivalent rights). Except for the incentive distribution rights representing limited partner interests in the partnership, which will be automatically canceled immediately prior to the Effective Time for no consideration in accordance with the First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the partnership, dated as of July 1, 2015 (as amended, the “Partnership Agreement”), the limited partner interests in the partnership owned by the company, the General Partner and their respective affiliates prior to the Effective Time will remain outstanding as limited partner interests in the surviving entity. The economic general partner interest in the partnership will remain outstanding as a general partner interest in the surviving entity immediately following the Effective Time, and the General Partner will continue as the sole general partner of the surviving entity. The Conflicts Committee (the "Conflicts Committee") of the board of directors of the General Partner has (i) determined that the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger, are in the best interests of the partnership, including the holders of public common units, (ii) approved the Transaction Documents related to the Merger (the "Transaction Documents") and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Transaction Documents (the foregoing constituting “Special Approval” as defined in the Partnership Agreement) and (iii) recommended to the board of directors of the General Partner the approval by the board of directors of the General Partner of the Transaction Documents and the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger. The board of directors of the General Partner (acting, in part, based upon the recommendation of the Conflicts Committee) has (i) determined that the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger, are in the best interests of the partnership, including the holders of Public Common Units, (ii) approved the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger, (iii) authorized the execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Transaction Documents and (iv) directed that the Merger Agreement and the Merger be submitted to a vote of the limited partners of the partnership (the “Limited Partners”) for approval pursuant to Section 14.3 of the Partnership Agreement and authorized the limited partners to act by written consent pursuant to Section 13.11 of the partnership agreement. The board of directors of the company (the “Company Board”) has (i) determined that the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger and the issuance of the company Common Stock as part of the Merger Consideration (the “Company Stock Issuance”), are in the best interests of the company and its shareholders and (ii) approved and authorized the execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger and the company stock issuance, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Transaction Documents. The Merger Agreement contains customary representations and warranties from the parties, and each party has agreed to customary covenants applicable to such party, including, among others, covenants relating to (i) the company’s and the partnership’s conduct of business during the interim period between the execution of the Merger Agreement and the Effective Time and (ii) the obligation to use reasonable best efforts to cause the Merger to be consummated. Completion of the Merger is subject to certain customary conditions, including, among others: (i) the receipt of the written consent as contemplated by the Merger Agreement; (ii) there being no law or injunction prohibiting consummation of the transactions contemplated under the Merger Agreement; (iii) the effectiveness of a registration statement on Form S-4 relating to the shares of the company Common Stock to be issued as the Stock Consideration (the “Registration Statement”); (iv) approval for listing on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC of the shares of the company common stock to be issued as the Stock Consideration; (v) subject to specified materiality standards, the accuracy of certain representations and warranties of each party; and (vi) compliance by each party in all material respects with its covenants. The Merger Agreement provides for certain termination rights for both the company and the partnership, including in the event that (i) the parties agree by mutual written consent (duly authorized by the Conflicts Committee and the Company Board) to terminate the Merger Agreement, (ii) the Merger is not consummated by March 16, 2024, (iii) a law or injunction prohibiting the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement is in effect and has become final and non-appealable, or (iv) the other party is in material breach of the Merger Agreement. The Merger Agreement provides that upon termination of the Merger Agreement under certain circumstances, (i) the company will be obligated to reimburse the partnership for its out-of-pocket fees and expenses and (ii) the partnership will be obligated to reimburse the company for its out-of-pocket fees and expenses, in each case, in an amount not to exceed $5 million. Disposition of Green Plains Atkinson LLC On September 7, 2023, the company completed the sale of the plant located in Atkinson, Nebraska and certain related assets and transfer of liabilities ("the Atkinson Transaction") for a sale price of $22.9 million, plus working capital of $1.0 million. Correspondingly, the company entered into a separate asset purchase agreement with the partnership for $2.1 million to acquire the storage assets and the associated railcar operating leases. The divested assets were reported within the company's ethanol production, agribusiness and energy services and partnership segments. The company recorded a pretax gain on the sale of the Atkinson plant of $4.6 million recorded within corporate activities. The assets sold and liabilities transferred of the Atkinson plant at closing on September 7, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Amounts of Identifiable Assets Disposed and Liabilities Relinquished Inventories $ 3,226 Prepaid expenses and other 308 Property, plant and equipment 15,199 Operating lease right-of-use assets 3,428 Accrued and other liabilities (367) Operating lease current liabilities (1,332) Operating lease long-term liabilities (2,096) Other liabilities (189) Total identifiable net assets disposed $ 18,177 The amounts reflected above represent working capital estimates, which are considered preliminary until contractual post-closing working capital adjustments are finalized, which had not yet occurred as of September 30, 2023.

Fair Value Disclosures

Fair Value Disclosures	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Disclosures	FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES The following methods, assumptions and valuation techniques were used in estimating the fair value of the company’s financial instruments: Level 1 – unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities the company can access at the measurement date. Level 2 – directly or indirectly observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets other than quoted prices included within Level 1, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or can be substantially corroborated by observable market data through correlation or other means. Grain inventories held for sale in the agribusiness and energy services segment as well as forward commodity purchase and sale contracts are valued at nearby futures values, plus or minus nearby basis values, which represent differences in local markets, including transportation or commodity quality or grade differences. Level 3 – unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and comprise a significant component of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The company currently does not have any recurring Level 3 financial instruments. Derivative contracts include exchange-traded commodity futures and options contracts and forward commodity purchase and sale contracts. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are classified in Level 1. The majority of the company’s exchange-traded futures and options contracts are cash-settled on a daily basis. There have been no changes in valuation techniques and inputs used in measuring fair value. The company’s assets and liabilities by level are as follows (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2023 Quoted Prices in Significant Other Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 326,701 $ — $ 326,701 Restricted cash 39,459 — 39,459 Inventories carried at market — 18,758 18,758 Derivative financial instruments - assets — 14,037 14,037 Other assets 110 1 111 Total assets measured at fair value $ 366,270 $ 32,796 $ 399,066 Liabilities Accounts payable (1) $ — $ 20,093 $ 20,093 Accrued and other liabilities (2) — 6,269 6,269 Derivative financial instruments - liabilities — 21,577 21,577 Other liabilities (2) — 3,411 3,411 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ — $ 51,350 $ 51,350 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Quoted Prices in Significant Other Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 444,661 $ — $ 444,661 Restricted cash 55,615 — 55,615 Inventories carried at market — 61,885 61,885 Derivative financial instruments - assets — 16,420 16,420 Other assets 110 1 111 Total assets measured at fair value $ 500,386 $ 78,306 $ 578,692 Liabilities Accounts payable (1) $ — $ 31,925 $ 31,925 Accrued and other liabilities (2) — 1,909 1,909 Derivative financial instruments - liabilities — 44,686 44,686 Other liabilities (2) — 6,640 6,640 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ — $ 85,160 $ 85,160 (1) Accounts payable is generally stated at historical amounts with the exception of $20.1 million and $31.9 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, related to certain delivered inventory for which the payable fluctuates based on changes in commodity prices. These payables are hybrid financial instruments for which the company has elected the fair value option. (2) As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, accrued and other liabilities includes $6.3 million and $1.9 million and other liabilities includes $3.2 million and $6.6 million of consideration related to potential earn-out payments recorded at fair value. As of September 30, 2023, the fair value of the company’s debt was approximately $663.5 million compared with a book value of $653.6 million. At December 31, 2022, the fair value of the company’s debt was approximately $654.5 million compared with a book value of $634.8 million. The company estimated the fair value of its outstanding debt using Level 2 inputs. The company believes the fair value of its accounts receivable approximated book value, which was $142.8 million and $108.6 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Although the company currently does not have any recurring Level 3 financial measurements, the fair values of tangible assets and goodwill acquired represent Level 3 measurements which were derived using a combination of the income approach, market approach and cost approach for the specific assets or liabilities being valued.

Segment Information

Segment Information	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Information	SEGMENT INFORMATION The company reports the financial and operating performance for the following three operating segments: (1) ethanol production, which includes the production of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil, (2) agribusiness and energy services, which includes grain handling and storage, commodity marketing and merchant trading for company-produced and third-party ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities, and (3) partnership, which includes fuel storage and transportation services. Corporate activities include selling, general and administrative expenses, consisting primarily of compensation, professional fees and overhead costs not directly related to a specific operating segment. During the normal course of business, the operating segments conduct business with each other. For example, the agribusiness and energy services segment procures grain and natural gas and sells products, including ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil for the ethanol production segment. The partnership segment provides fuel storage and transportation services for the ethanol production segment. These intersegment activities are treated like third-party transactions with origination, marketing and storage fees charged at estimated market values. Consequently, these transactions affect segment performance; however, they do not impact the company’s consolidated results since the revenues and corresponding costs are eliminated. The following tables set forth certain financial data for the company’s operating segments (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Revenues Ethanol production Revenues from external customers $ 773,367 $ 811,015 $ 2,195,600 $ 2,309,734 Intersegment revenues — — — — Total segment revenues 773,367 811,015 2,195,600 2,309,734 Agribusiness and energy services Revenues from external customers 118,449 142,926 384,615 436,119 Intersegment revenues 6,632 6,836 18,675 19,914 Total segment revenues 125,081 149,762 403,290 456,033 Partnership Revenues from external customers 954 1,036 3,136 2,953 Intersegment revenues 19,191 19,030 58,307 55,867 Total segment revenues 20,145 20,066 61,443 58,820 Revenues including intersegment activity 918,593 980,843 2,660,333 2,824,587 Intersegment eliminations (25,823) (25,866) (76,982) (75,781) $ 892,770 $ 954,977 $ 2,583,351 $ 2,748,806 Refer to Note 2 - Revenue , for further disaggregation of revenue by operating segment. Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Cost of goods sold Ethanol production $ 728,360 $ 843,843 $ 2,176,253 $ 2,310,224 Agribusiness and energy services 109,292 139,922 371,981 418,017 Intersegment eliminations (26,353) (26,908) (76,839) (77,561) $ 811,299 $ 956,857 $ 2,471,395 $ 2,650,680 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Gross margin Ethanol production $ 45,007 $ (32,828) $ 19,347 $ (490) Agribusiness and energy services 15,789 9,840 31,309 38,016 Partnership 20,145 20,066 61,443 58,820 Intersegment eliminations 530 1,042 (143) 1,780 $ 81,471 $ (1,880) $ 111,956 $ 98,126 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Operating income (loss) Ethanol production (1) $ 11,973 $ (64,121) $ (77,759) $ (87,773) Agribusiness and energy services 11,313 5,205 17,612 25,894 Partnership 11,428 11,993 34,744 35,906 Intersegment eliminations 530 1,042 (143) 1,780 Corporate activities (2) (14,070) (15,999) (52,300) (51,748) $ 21,174 $ (61,880) $ (77,846) $ (75,941) (1) Operating income (loss) for ethanol production includes an inventory lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment of $1.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, and $11.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. (2) Corporate activities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 includes the $5.7 million pretax gain on sale of assets. Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Depreciation and amortization Ethanol production $ 21,816 $ 21,555 $ 67,179 $ 59,101 Agribusiness and energy services 534 1,280 1,883 2,214 Partnership 780 1,194 2,424 2,915 Corporate activities 769 618 2,425 1,783 $ 23,899 $ 24,647 $ 73,911 $ 66,013 The following table sets forth total assets by operating segment (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Total assets (1) Ethanol production $ 1,158,191 $ 1,157,791 Agribusiness and energy services 481,793 489,083 Partnership 108,773 108,680 Corporate assets 216,649 386,437 Intersegment eliminations (14,262) (18,860) $ 1,951,144 $ 2,123,131

Inventories

Inventories	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Inventories	INVENTORIES Inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value, except fair-value hedged inventories. The company recorded a $1.7 million and $12.3 million lower of cost or net realizable value inventory adjustment associated with finished goods in cost of goods sold within the ethanol production segment as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The components of inventories are as follows (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Finished goods $ 83,214 $ 97,719 Commodities held for sale 18,758 61,885 Raw materials 42,211 55,983 Work-in-process 15,568 18,499 Supplies and parts 48,310 44,864 $ 208,061 $ 278,950

Derivative Financial Instrument

Derivative Financial Instruments	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Financial Instruments	DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSAt September 30, 2023, the company’s consolidated balance sheet reflected unrealized losses of $8.1 million, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The company expects these items will be reclassified as operating income (loss) over the next 12 months as a result of hedged transactions that are forecasted to occur. The amount realized in operating income (loss) will differ as commodity prices change. Fair Values of Derivative Instruments The fair values of the company’s derivative financial instruments and the line items on the consolidated balance sheets where they are reported are as follows (in thousands): Asset Derivatives' Liability Derivatives' September 30, December 31, September 30, December 31, Derivative financial instruments - forwards $ 14,037 (1) $ 16,420 (2) $ 21,577 (3) $ 44,686 (4) Other assets 1 1 — — Other liabilities — — 234 — Total $ 14,038 $ 16,421 $ 21,811 $ 44,686 (1) At September 30, 2023, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized gains on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $2.2 million, which included $0.1 million of unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments, and the balance representing economic hedges. (2) At December 31, 2022, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized gains on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $3.4 million, which included $9.0 million of unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments, partially offset by $2.0 million of net unrealized losses on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, and the balance representing economic hedges. (3) At September 30, 2023, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized losses on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $0.3 million, which included $5.1 million of net unrealized losses on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, $0.2 million of net unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments, and the balance representing economic hedges. (4) At December 31, 2022, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized losses on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $3.3 million, which included $0.6 million of net unrealized losses on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments and the balance representing economic hedges. Refer to Note 4 - Fair Value Disclosures , which contains fair value information related to derivative financial instruments. Effect of Derivative Instruments on Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income The gains or losses recognized in income and other comprehensive income related to the company’s derivative financial instruments and the line items on the consolidated financial statements where they are reported are as follows (in thousands): Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Revenues $ (917) $ 6,958 $ (2,435) $ 5,219 Cost of goods sold (13,234) (4,760) (18,688) (3,748) Net gain (loss) recognized in income (loss) before income taxes $ (14,151) $ 2,198 $ (21,123) $ 1,471 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Commodity contracts $ 19,016 $ 10,234 $ 3,137 $ 3,427 A portion of the company’s derivative instruments are considered economic hedges and as such are not designated as hedging instruments. The company uses exchange-traded futures and options contracts to manage its net position of product inventories and forward cash purchase and sales contracts to reduce price risk caused by market fluctuations. Derivatives, including exchange traded contracts and forward commodity purchase or sale contracts, and inventories of certain agricultural products, which include amounts acquired under deferred pricing contracts, are stated at fair value. Fair value estimates are based on exchange-quoted prices, adjusted as appropriate for regional location basis value, which represent differences in local markets including transportation as well as quality or grade differences. Amount of Gain (Loss) Derivatives Not Designated as Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Exchange-traded futures and options Revenues $ 3,484 $ 1,302 $ (7,661) $ 1,271 Forwards Revenues 121 (4,775) 4,747 (508) Exchange-traded futures and options Cost of goods sold 295 (13,455) 34,028 (53,663) Forwards Cost of goods sold 23,347 16,231 (8,940) (2,066) Net gain (loss) recognized in income (loss) before income taxes $ 27,247 $ (697) $ 22,174 $ (54,966) The following amounts were recorded on the consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for the fair value hedged items (in thousands): September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Line Item in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in Which the Hedged Item is Included Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Inventories $ 18,758 $ 1,188 $ 61,885 $ (13,776) Effect of Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedge Accounting on the Statements of Operations Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedging Relationships for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 Revenue Cost of Revenue Cost of Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Amount of gain (loss) on exchange-traded futures reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income $ (917) $ (13,234) $ 6,958 $ (4,760) Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships Commodity contracts Fair-value hedged inventories — 1,135 — 1,656 Exchange-traded futures designated as hedging instruments — (1,122) — (4,262) Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded $ (917) $ (13,221) $ 6,958 $ (7,366) Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedging Relationships for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 Revenue Cost of Revenue Cost of Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Amount of gain (loss) on exchange traded futures reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income $ (2,435) $ (18,688) $ 5,219 $ (3,748) Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships Commodity contracts Fair-value hedged inventories — (9,286) — 11,492 Exchange-traded futures designated as hedging instruments — 10,803 — (8,973) Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded $ (2,435) $ (17,171) $ 5,219 $ (1,229) The notional volume of open commodity derivative positions as of September 30, 2023, are as follows (in thousands): Exchange-Traded (1) Non-Exchange-Traded (2) Derivative Net Long & Long (Short) Unit of Commodity Futures (13,750) Bushels Corn Futures (420) (4) Bushels Corn Futures (5,880) Gallons Ethanol Futures (1,315) MmBTU Natural Gas Futures 6,080 (3) MmBTU Natural Gas Futures (5,895) (4) MmBTU Natural Gas Options (1,283) Bushels Corn Options 2,339 Gallons Ethanol Options 1 Tons Soybean Meal Options 10,079 Pounds Soybean Oil Options 1,839 MmBTU Natural Gas Forwards 25,672 3 Bushels Corn Forwards 6,844 (230,170) Gallons Ethanol Forwards 86 (337) Tons Distillers Grains Forwards — (81,881) Pounds Renewable Corn Oil Forwards 10,816 (439) MmBTU Natural Gas (1) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures and options are presented on a net long and (short) position basis. Options are presented on a delta-adjusted basis. (2) Notional volume of non-exchange-traded forward physical contracts are presented on a gross long and (short) position basis, including both fixed-price and basis contracts, for which only the basis portion of the contract price is fixed. (3) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures used for cash flow hedges. (4) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures used for fair value hedges. Energy trading contracts that do not involve physical delivery are presented net in revenues on the consolidated statements of operations. Included in revenues are net losses of $0.1 million and net gains of $4.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and net losses of $0.1 million and net gains of $1.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, on energy trading contracts.

Debt

Debt	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	DEBT The components of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Corporate 2.25% convertible notes due 2027 (1) $ 230,000 $ 230,000 Green Plains SPE LLC $125.0 million junior secured mezzanine notes due 2026 (2) 125,000 125,000 Green Plains Wood River and Green Plains Shenandoah $75.0 million loan agreement (3) 73,500 74,625 Green Plains Partners $60.0 million term loan (4) 55,969 58,969 Other 14,830 15,097 Total book value of long-term debt 499,299 503,691 Unamortized debt issuance costs (5,418) (6,610) Less: current maturities of long-term debt (1,936) (1,838) Total long-term debt $ 491,945 $ 495,243 (1) Includes $4.3 million and $5.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. (2) Includes $0.5 million and $0.7 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. (3) Includes $0.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. (4) Includes $0.3 million and $0.4 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The components of short-term notes payable and other borrowings are as follows (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Green Plains Finance Company, Green Plains Grain and Green Plains Trade $350.0 million revolver $ 150,000 $ 115,000 Green Plains Commodity Management $40.0 million hedge line 9,747 22,678 $ 159,747 $ 137,678 Corporate Activities In March 2021, the company issued an aggregate $230.0 million of 2.25% convertible senior notes due in 2027, or the 2.25% notes. The 2.25% notes bear interest at a rate of 2.25% per year, payable on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning September 15, 2021, and mature on March 15, 2027. The 2.25% notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the company. The 2.25% notes are convertible, at the option of the holders, into consideration consisting of, at the company’s election, cash, shares of the company’s common stock, or a combination of cash and stock (and cash in lieu of fractional shares). However, before September 15, 2026, the 2.25% notes will not be convertible unless certain conditions are satisfied. The initial conversion rate is 31.6206 shares of the company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2.25% notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $31.62 per share of the company’s common stock), representing an approximately 37.5% premium over the offering price of the company’s common stock. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, including but not limited to; the event of a stock dividend or stock split; the issuance of additional rights, options and warrants; spinoffs; or a tender or exchange offering. In addition, the company may be obligated to increase the conversion rate for any conversion that occurs in connection with certain corporate events, including the company’s calling the 2.25% notes for redemption. On and after March 15, 2024, and prior to the maturity date, the company may redeem, for cash, all, but not less than all, of the 2.25% notes if the last reported sale price of the company’s common stock equals or exceeds 140% of the applicable conversion price on (i) at least 20 trading days during a 30 consecutive trading day period ending on the trading day immediately prior to the date the company delivers notice of the redemption; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date of the redemption notice. The redemption price will equal 100% of the principal amount of the 2.25% notes to be redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, upon the occurrence of a “fundamental change” (as defined in the indenture for the 2.25% notes), holders of the 2.25% notes will have the right, at their option, to require the company to repurchase their 2.25% notes for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2.25% notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. During June 2019, the company issued an aggregate $115.0 million of 4.00% convertible senior notes due in 2024, or the 4.00% notes. The 4.00% notes were senior, unsecured obligations of the company, with interest payable on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning January 1, 2020, at a rate of 4.00% per annum. The 4.00% notes were convertible, at the option of the holders, into consideration consisting of, at the company’s election, cash, shares of the company’s common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the company’s common stock until the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. The initial conversion rate was 64.1540 shares of common stock per $1,000 of principal, which was equal to a conversion price of approximately $15.59 per share. During May 2021, the company entered into a privately negotiated agreement with certain noteholders of the company’s 4.00% notes. Under this agreement, approximately 3.6 million shares of the company’s common stock were exchanged for $51.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 4.00% notes. On May 25, 2022, the company gave notice calling for the redemption of its outstanding 4.00% notes, totaling an aggregate principal amount of $64.0 million. The final conversion rate was 66.4178 shares of common stock per $1,000 of principal. From July 1, 2022 through July 8, 2022, the remaining $64.0 million of the 4.00% notes were converted into approximately 4.3 million shares of common stock. Common stock held as treasury shares were exchanged for the 4.00% notes. Pursuant to the guidance within ASC 470, Debt , the company recorded the exchanges as a conversion. The 4.00% notes were retired effective July 8, 2022. In August 2016, the company issued $170.0 million of 4.125% convertible senior notes due in 2022, or the 4.125% notes. The 4.125% notes were senior, unsecured obligations of the company, with interest payable on March 1 and September 1 of each year. The notes were convertible at the Holder’s option. The initial conversion rate was 35.7143 shares of common stock per $1,000 of principal, which was equal to a conversion price of approximately $28.00 per share. In March 2021, concurrent with the issuance of the 2.25% notes, the company used approximately $156.5 million of the net proceeds of the 2.25% notes to repurchase approximately $135.7 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.125% notes, in privately negotiated transactions. During August 2022, the company entered into four privately negotiated exchange agreements with certain noteholders of the 4.125% notes to exchange approximately $32.6 million aggregate principal amount for approximately 1.2 million shares of the company's common stock. Pursuant to the guidance within ASC 470, Debt , the company recorded the exchanges as a conversion and recorded a loss of $419 thousand, which was recorded as a charge to interest expense in the consolidated financial statements during the year ended December 31, 2022. Additionally, on September 1, 2022, approximately $1.7 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.125% notes were settled through a combination of $1.7 million in cash and approximately 15 thousand shares of the company's common stock. The remaining $23 thousand aggregate principal amount and accrued interest were settled in cash. The 4.125% notes were fully retired effective September 1, 2022. Ethanol Production Segment On February 9, 2021, Green Plains SPE LLC, a wholly-owned special purpose subsidiary and parent of Green Plains Obion and Green Plains Mount Vernon, issued $125.0 million of junior secured mezzanine notes due 2026 (the “Junior Notes”) with BlackRock, a holder of a portion of the company’s common stock. The Junior Notes will mature on February 9, 2026 and are secured by a pledge of the membership interests in and the real property owned by Green Plains Obion and Green Plains Mount Vernon. The proceeds of the Junior Notes were used to construct high protein processing systems at the Green Plains Obion and Green Plains Mount Vernon facilities. The Junior Notes accrue interest at an annual rate of 11.75%. However, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, the Green Plains SPE LLC may elect to pay an amount in cash equal to interest accruing at a rate of 6.00% per annum plus an amount equal to interest accruing at a rate of 6.75% per annum to be paid in kind. The entire outstanding principal balance, plus any accrued and unpaid interest is due upon maturity. Green Plains SPE LLC is required to comply with certain financial covenants regarding minimum liquidity at Green Plains and a maximum aggregate loan to value. The Junior Notes can be retired or refinanced after 42 months with no prepayment premium. The Junior Notes have an unsecured parent guarantee from the company and have certain limitations on distributions, dividends or loans to the company unless there will not exist any event of default. At September 30, 2023, the interest rate on the Junior Notes was 11.75%. On September 3, 2020, Green Plains Wood River and Green Plains Shenandoah, wholly-owned subsidiaries of the company, entered into a loan agreement with MetLife Real Estate Lending LLC. The $75.0 million loan matures on September 1, 2035 and is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Wood River and Shenandoah facilities. The proceeds from the loan were used to add MSC™ technology at the Wood River and Shenandoah facilities as well as other capital expenditures. The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.02%, plus an interest rate premium of 1.5% until the loan is fully drawn. The remaining availability was drawn in the first quarter of 2022. Beginning in the second quarter of 2022, the interest rate premium may be adjusted quarterly from 0.00% to 1.50% based on the leverage ratio of total funded debt to EBITDA of Wood River and Shenandoah. Principal payments of $1.5 million per year began 24 months from the closing date. Prepayments are prohibited until September 2024. Financial covenants of the loan agreement include a minimum loan to value ratio of 50%, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.25x, a total debt service reserve of six months of future principal and interest payments and a minimum working capital requirement at Green Plains of not less than $0.10 per gallon of nameplate capacity or $95.8 million. The loan is guaranteed by the company and has certain limitations on distributions, dividends or loans to Green Plains by Wood River and Shenandoah unless immediately after giving effect to such action, there will not exist any event of default. At September 30, 2023, the interest rate on the loan was 6.52%. The company also has small equipment financing loans, finance leases on equipment or facilities, and other forms of debt financing. Agribusiness and Energy Services Segment On March 25, 2022, Green Plains Finance Company, Green Plains Grain and Green Plains Trade (collectively, the “Borrowers”), all wholly owned subsidiaries of the company, together with the company, as guarantor, entered into a five-year, $350.0 million senior secured sustainability-linked revolving Loan and Security Agreement (the “Facility”) with a group of financial institutions. This transaction refinanced the separate credit facilities previously held by Green Plains Grain and Green Plains Trade. The Facility matures on March 25, 2027. The Facility includes revolving commitments totaling $350.0 million and an accordion feature whereby amounts available under the Facility may be increased by up to $100.0 million of new lender commitments subject to certain conditions. Each SOFR rate loan shall bear interest for each day at a rate per annum equal to the Term SOFR rate for the outstanding period plus a Term SOFR adjustment and an applicable margin of 2.25% to 2.50%, which is dependent on undrawn availability under the Facility. Each base rate loan shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the base rate plus the applicable margin of 1.25% to 1.50%, which is dependent on undrawn availability under the Facility. The unused portion of the Facility is also subject to a commitment fee of 0.275% to 0.375%, dependent on undrawn availability. Additionally, the applicable margin and commitment fee are subject to certain increases or decreases of up to 0.10% and 0.025%, respectively, tied to the company’s achievement of certain sustainability criteria, including the reduction of GHG emissions, recordable incident rate reduction, increased renewable corn oil production and the implementation of technology to produce sustainable ingredients. The Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, as well as the following financial covenants to be calculated as of the last day of any month: the current ratio of the Borrowers shall not be less than 1.00 to 1.00; the collateral coverage ratio of the Borrowers shall not be less than 1.20 to 1.00; and the debt to capitalization ratio of the company shall not be greater than 0.60 to 1.00. The Facility also includes customary events of default, including without limitation, failure to make required payments of principal or interest, material incorrect representations and warranties, breach of covenants, events of bankruptcy and other certain matters. The Facility is secured by the working capital assets of the Borrowers and is guaranteed by the company. At September 30, 2023, the interest rate on the Facility was 8.74%. Green Plains Commodity Management has an uncommitted $40.0 million revolving credit facility to finance margins related to its hedging programs. During the first quarter of 2023, this revolving credit facility was extended five years to mature on April 30, 2028. Advances are subject to variable interest rates equal to SOFR plus 1.75%. At September 30, 2023, the interest rate on the facility was 7.06%. Green Plains Grain has a short-term inventory financing agreement with a financial institution. The company has accounted for the agreement as short-term notes, rather than revenues, and has elected the fair value option to offset fluctuations in market prices of the inventory. This agreement is subject to negotiated variable interest rates. The company had no outstanding short-term notes payable related to the inventory financing agreement as of September 30, 2023. Partnership Segment Green Plains Partners has a term loan to fund working capital, capital expenditures and other general partnership purposes. The term loan has a maturity date of July 20, 2026. Interest on the term loan is based on 3-month SOFR plus 8.26%, and is payable on the 15th day of each March, June, September and December. The term loan does not require any principal payments; however, the partnership has the option to prepay $1.5 million per quarter beginning twelve months after the closing date. The partnership repurchased $1.0 million of the outstanding notes during the six months ended September 30, 2022. Prepayments totaling $1.5 million and $3.0 million were made during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The partnership’s obligations under the term loan are secured by a first priority lien on (i) the equity interests of the partnership’s present and future subsidiaries, (ii) all of the partnership’s present and future personal property, such as investment property, general intangibles and contract rights, including rights under any agreements with Green Plains Trade, (iii) all proceeds and products of the equity interests of the partnership’s present and future subsidiaries and its personal property and (iv) substantially all of the partnership’s real property and material leases of real property. The terms impose affirmative and negative covenants, including restrictions on the partnership’s ability to incur additional debt, acquire and sell assets, create liens, invest capital, pay distributions and materially amend the partnership’s commercial agreements with Green Plains Trade. The term loan also requires the partnership to maintain a maximum consolidated leverage ratio and a minimum consolidated debt service coverage ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter, each of which is calculated on a pro forma basis with respect to acquisitions and divestitures occurring during the applicable period. The maximum consolidated leverage ratio is required to be no more than 2.50x. The minimum debt service coverage ratio is required to be no less than 1.10x. The consolidated leverage ratio is calculated by dividing total funded indebtedness by the sum of the four preceding fiscal quarters’ consolidated EBITDA. The consolidated debt service coverage ratio is calculated by taking the sum of the four preceding fiscal quarters’ consolidated EBITDA minus income taxes and consolidated capital expenditures for such period divided by the sum of the four preceding fiscal quarters’ consolidated interest charges plus consolidated scheduled funded debt payments for such period. Under the terms of the loan, the partnership has no restrictions on the amount of quarterly distribution payments, so long as (i) no default has occurred and is continuing, or would result from payment of the distribution, and (ii) the partnership and its subsidiaries are in compliance with its financial covenants and remain in compliance after payment of the distribution. The term loan is not guaranteed by the company. At September 30, 2023, the interest rate on the term loan was 13.67%. On October 30, 2023, the partnership entered into an amendment to the term loan to include written consent from the lenders to permit the Merger to be completed. On April 19, 2023, the term loan was amended to change the underlying floating interest rate to a SOFR-based rate from a LIBOR-based rate. The impact of the amendment was not material to interest expense. Covenant Compliance The company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of September 30, 2023. Restricted Net Assets At September 30, 2023, there were approximately $121.9 million of net assets at the company’s subsidiaries that could not be transferred to the parent company in the form of dividends, loans or advances due to restrictions contained in the credit facilities of these subsidiaries.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation	STOCK-BASED COMPENSATIONThe company has an equity incentive plan which reserved a total of 5.7 million shares of common stock for issuance pursuant to the plan, of which 1.4 million shares remain available for issuance. The plan provides for shares, including options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights tied to the value of common stock, restricted stock, performance share awards, and restricted and deferred stock unit awards, to be granted to eligible employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The company measures stock-based compensation at fair value on the grant date, with no adjustments for estimated forfeitures. The company records noncash compensation expense related to equity awards in its consolidated financial statements over the requisite period on a straight-line basis. Restricted Stock Awards and Deferred Stock Units The restricted non-vested stock awards and deferred stock units activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, is as follows: Non-Vested Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2022 813,033 $ 19.98 Granted 288,755 34.07 Forfeited (42,078) 29.42 Vested (457,502) 13.63 Non-Vested at September 30, 2023 602,208 $ 30.90 1.5 Performance Share Awards On March 9, 2023, March 14, 2022, and February 18, 2021, the board of directors granted performance shares to be awarded in the form of common stock to certain participants of the plan. These performance shares vest based on the level of achievement of certain performance goals, including the incremental value achieved from the company's high-protein initiatives, annual production levels and return on investment (ROI). Performance shares granted in 2023, 2022 and 2021 do not contain market based factors requiring a Monte Carlo valuation model. The performance shares were granted at a target of 100%, but each performance share can be reduced or increased depending on results for the performance period. If the company achieves the maximum performance goals, the maximum amount of shares available to be issued pursuant to the 2023, 2022 and 2021 awards are 904,418 performance shares which represents approximately 223% of the 404,740 performance shares which remain outstanding. The actual number of performance shares that will ultimately vest is based on the actual performance targets achieved at the end of the performance period. On March 18, 2020, the board of directors granted performance shares to be awarded in the form of common stock to certain participants of the plan. The performance shares were granted at a target of 100%, but each performance share was reduced or increased depending on results for the performance period for the company’s total shareholder return relative to that of the company’s performance peer group. On March 17, 2023, based on the criteria discussed above, the 196,382 2020 performance shares vested at approximately 123%, which resulted in the issuance of 241,589 shares of common stock. The non-vested performance share award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, is as follows: Performance Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2022 482,811 $ 18.22 Granted 200,294 27.74 Forfeited (13,069) 27.50 Vested (265,296) 6.21 Non-Vested at September 30, 2023 404,740 $ 30.51 1.5 Green Plains Partners Green Plains Partners has a long-term incentive plan (LTIP) intended to promote the interests of the partnership, its general partner and affiliates by providing unit-based incentive compensation awards to employees, consultants and directors to encourage superior performance. The LTIP reserves 2.5 million common limited partner units for issuance in the form of options, restricted units, phantom units, distribution equivalent rights, substitute awards, unit appreciation rights, unit awards, profit interest units or other unit-based awards. The partnership measures unit-based compensation related to equity awards in its consolidated financial statements over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis. The non-vested unit-based awards activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, is as follows: Non-Vested Units Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2022 19,707 $ 12.18 Granted 18,549 12.94 Vested (19,707) 12.18 Non-Vested at September 30, 2023 (1) 18,549 $ 12.94 0.8 (1) Per the Merger Agreement, each of these unvested awards will become fully vested at the Effective Time of the Merger. Stock-Based and Unit Based Compensation Expense Compensation costs for stock-based and unit-based payment plans were $2.7 million and $9.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $2.4 million and $6.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. At September 30, 2023, there was $18.6 million of unrecognized compensation costs from stock-based and unit-based compensation related to non-vested awards. This compensation is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.5 years. The potential tax benefit related to stock-based payment is approximately 23.9% of these expenses.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings Per Share	EARNINGS PER SHARE Basic earnings per share, or EPS, is calculated by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The company computes diluted EPS by dividing net income on an if-converted basis, adjusted to add back net interest expense related to the convertible debt instruments, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, adjusted to include the shares that would be issued if the convertible debt instruments were converted to common shares and the effect of any outstanding dilutive securities. The basic and diluted EPS are calculated as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 EPS - basic Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains $ 22,311 $ (73,526) $ (100,617) $ (88,602) Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 58,910 57,677 58,780 54,550 EPS - basic $ 0.38 $ (1.27) $ (1.71) $ (1.62) EPS - diluted Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains $ 22,311 $ (73,526) $ (100,617) $ (88,602) Interest and amortization on 2.25% convertible notes due 2027, net of tax effect 1,201 — — — Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains - diluted $ 23,512 $ (73,526) $ (100,617) $ (88,602) Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 58,910 57,677 58,780 54,550 Effect of dilutive 2.25% convertible notes due 2027 7,273 — — — Effect of dilutive warrants 837 — — — Effect of dilutive stock-based compensation awards 382 — — — Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted $ 67,402 $ 57,677 $ 58,780 $ 54,550 EPS - diluted $ 0.35 $ (1.27) $ (1.71) $ (1.62) Anti-dilutive weighted-average convertible debt, warrants and stock-based compensation (1) — 8,660 8,516 8,571 (1) For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the effects related to the company’s 2.25% convertible notes due in 2027, warrants and certain stock-based compensation awards have been excluded from diluted EPS as the inclusion of these shares would have been anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the effects related to the company's 2.25% convertible notes due in 2027, warrants and certain stock-based compensation awards were excluded from diluted EPS as the inclusion of these shares would have been anti-dilutive.

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Convertible Note Exchange On May 25, 2022, the company gave notice calling for the redemption of all its outstanding 4.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024, totaling an aggregate principal amount of $64.0 million. The conversion rate was 66.4178 shares of common stock per $1,000 of principal. From July 1, 2022 through July 8, 2022, all $64.0 million of the 4.00% convertible notes were converted into approximately 4.3 million shares of common stock. During August 2022, the company entered into four privately negotiated exchange agreements with certain noteholders of the 4.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 to exchange approximately $32.6 million aggregate principal amount for approximately 1.2 million shares of the company's common stock. Additionally, on September 1, 2022, approximately $1.7 million aggregate principal amount was settled through a combination of $1.7 million in cash and approximately 15 thousand shares of the company's common stock. Components of stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands): Common Stock Additional Retained Deficit Accumulated Other Treasury Stock Total Non- Total Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance, December 31, 2022 62,101 $ 62 $ 1,110,151 $ (142,417) $ (26,591) 2,805 $ (31,174) $ 910,031 $ 151,035 $ 1,061,066 Net loss — — — (70,324) — — — (70,324) 4,075 (66,249) Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (5,305) (5,305) Other comprehensive loss before reclassification — — — — (12,788) — — (12,788) — (12,788) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 1,701 — — 1,701 — 1,701 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax — — — — (11,087) — — (11,087) — (11,087) Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 185 185 Stock-based compensation 217 — (5,632) — — — — (5,632) 59 (5,573) Balance, March 31, 2023 62,318 62 1,104,519 (212,741) (37,678) 2,805 (31,174) 822,988 150,049 973,037 Net loss — — — (52,604) — — — (52,604) 4,284 (48,320) Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (6,497) (6,497) Other comprehensive loss before reclassification — — — — 710 — — 710 — 710 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 3,602 — — 3,602 — 3,602 Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — 4,312 — — 4,312 — 4,312 Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 8 8 Stock-based compensation 15 — 3,252 — — — — 3,252 60 3,312 Balance, June 30, 2023 62,333 62 1,107,771 (265,345) (33,366) 2,805 (31,174) 777,948 147,904 925,852 Net income — — — 22,311 — — — 22,311 3,981 26,292 Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (5,663) (5,663) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification — — — — 14,469 — — 14,469 — 14,469 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — — — — 10,767 — — 10,767 — 10,767 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax — — — — 25,236 — — 25,236 — 25,236 Investment in subsidiary — — — — — — — — 65 65 Stock-based compensation (15) — 2,654 — — — — 2,654 60 2,714 Balance, September 30, 2023 62,318 $ 62 $ 1,110,425 $ (243,034) $ (8,130) 2,805 $ (31,174) $ 828,149 $ 146,347 $ 974,496 Common Stock Additional Retained Deficit Accumulated Other Treasury Stock Total Non- Total Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance, December 31, 2021 61,840 $ 62 $ 1,069,573 $ (15,199) $ (12,310) 8,244 $ (91,626) $ 950,500 $ 151,519 $ 1,102,019 Net income (loss) — — — (61,474) — — — (61,474) 5,602 (55,872) Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (5,122) (5,122) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification — — — — 5,386 — — 5,386 — 5,386 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — — — — (1,965) — — (1,965) — (1,965) Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — 3,421 — — 3,421 — 3,421 Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 24 24 Stock-based compensation 226 — (1,922) — — — — (1,922) 59 (1,863) Balance, March 31, 2022 62,066 62 1,067,651 (76,673) (8,889) 8,244 (91,626) 890,525 152,082 1,042,607 Net income — — — 46,398 — — — 46,398 6,322 52,720 Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (8,098) (8,098) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification — — — — (10,535) — — (10,535) — (10,535) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — — — — 2,515 — — 2,515 — 2,515 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax — — — — (8,020) — — (8,020) — (8,020) Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 190 190 Stock-based compensation 21 — 2,270 — — — — 2,270 60 2,330 Balance, June 30, 2022 62,087 62 1,069,921 (30,275) (16,909) 8,244 (91,626) 931,173 150,556 1,081,729 Net income (loss) — — — (73,526) — — — (73,526) 5,623 (67,903) Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (5,247) (5,247) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification — — — — 7,740 — — 7,740 — 7,740 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — — — — (1,662) — — (1,662) — (1,662) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax — — — — 6,078 — — 6,078 — 6,078 Exchange of 4.125% convertible notes due 2022 — — 19,756 — — (1,188) 13,211 32,967 — 32,967 Redemption of 4.00% convertible notes due 2024 — — 15,797 — — (4,251) 47,241 63,038 — 63,038 Investment in subsidiary — — — — — — — — 199 199 Stock-based compensation 1 — 2,312 — — — — 2,312 61 2,373 Balance, September 30, 2022 62,088 $ 62 $ 1,107,786 $ (103,801) $ (10,831) 2,805 $ (31,174) $ 962,042 $ 151,192 $ 1,113,234 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Statements of 2023 2022 2023 2022 Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges Commodity derivatives $ (917) $ 6,958 $ (2,435) $ 5,219 (1) Commodity derivatives (13,234) (4,760) (18,688) (3,748) (2) Total gains (losses) on cash flow hedges (14,151) 2,198 (21,123) 1,471 (3) Income tax benefit (expense) 3,384 (536) 5,053 (359) (4) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (10,767) $ 1,662 $ (16,070) $ 1,112 (1) Revenues (2) Costs of goods sold (3) Income (loss) before income taxes and income (loss) from equity method investees (4) Income tax benefit (expense)

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	INCOME TAXES The company records actual income tax expense or benefit during interim periods rather than on an annual effective tax rate method. Certain items are given discrete period treatment and the tax effect of those items are reported in full in the relevant interim period. Green Plains Partners is a limited partnership, which is treated as a flow-through entity for federal income tax purposes and is not subject to federal income taxes. As a result, the consolidated financial statements do not reflect such income taxes on pre-tax income or loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest in the partnership. The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), was signed into law on August 16, 2022. The IRA includes significant law changes relating to tax, climate change, energy and health care. The IRA significantly expands clean energy incentives by providing an estimated $370 billion of new energy related tax credits over the next ten years. It also permits more flexibility for taxpayers to use the credits with direct-pay and transferable credit options. In addition, the IRA includes key revenue-raising provisions which include a 15% book-income alternative minimum tax on corporations with adjusted financial statement income over $1 billion, a 1% excise tax on the value of certain net stock repurchases by publicly traded companies, and the reinstatement of Superfund excise taxes. The company expects it will benefit from certain energy related tax credits in future years and not be negatively impacted by the revenue raising provisions; however, the company does not have enough information to provide a reasonable estimate of future tax benefits at this time. The company recorded income tax benefit of $7.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared with income tax benefit of $1.9 million for the same period in 2022. The increase in the amount of tax benefit recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to a decrease in the valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets related to gains (losses) on derivatives. The effective tax rate can be affected by variances in the estimates and amounts of taxable income among the various states, entities and activity types, realization of tax credits, adjustments from resolution of tax matters under review, valuation allowances and the company’s assessment of its liability for uncertain tax positions.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Lease Expense The company leases certain facilities, parcels of land, and equipment, with remaining terms ranging from less than one year to approximately 14.1 years. The land and facility leases include renewal options. The renewal options are included in the lease term only for those sites or locations in which they are reasonably certain to be renewed. Equipment renewals are not considered reasonably certain to be exercised as they typically renew with significantly different underlying terms. The components of lease expense are as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Lease expense Operating lease expense $ 7,155 $ 5,220 $ 20,744 $ 15,608 Variable lease expense (benefit) (1) 211 776 (96) 1,181 Total lease expense $ 7,366 $ 5,996 $ 20,648 $ 16,789 (1) Represents amounts incurred in excess of the minimum payments required for a certain building lease and for the handling and unloading of railcars for a certain land lease, offset by railcar lease abatements provided by the lessor when railcars are out of service during periods of maintenance or upgrade. Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 7,075 $ 4,949 $ 19,914 $ 14,823 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations Operating leases 4,330 1,428 27,786 13,151 Right-of-use assets and lease obligations derecognized due to lease modifications: Operating leases (1) 3,428 — 3,428 — (1) As part of the Atkinson disposition, the company derecognized $3.4 million of right-of-use assets and lease obligations related to railcar operating leases. Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases is as follows: September 30, December 31, Weighted average remaining lease term 4.6 years 4.9 years Weighted average discount rate 5.09 % 4.32 % Aggregate minimum lease payments under the operating lease agreements for the remainder of 2023 and in future years are as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31, Amount 2023 $ 7,334 2024 25,824 2025 21,256 2026 14,808 2027 11,312 Thereafter 12,809 Total 93,343 Less: Present value discount (10,711) Lease liabilities $ 82,632 Lease Revenue As described in Note 2 – Revenue , the majority of the partnership’s segment revenue is generated through their storage and throughput services and rail transportation services agreements with Green Plains Trade and are accounted for as lease revenue. Leasing revenues do not represent revenues recognized from contracts with customers under ASC 606, and are accounted for under ASC 842, Leases . Lease revenue associated with agreements with Green Plains Trade is eliminated upon consolidation. The remaining lease revenue is not material to the company. Commodities, Storage and Transportation As of September 30, 2023, the company had contracted future purchases of grain, ethanol, distillers grains, and natural gas valued at approximately $205.8 million and future commitments for storage and transportation valued at approximately $27.2 million. Legal The company is currently involved in litigation that has arisen in the ordinary course of business, but does not believe any pending litigation will have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Basis of Presentation, Descri_2

Basis of Presentation, Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Consolidated Financial Statements	Consolidated Financial Statements The consolidated financial statements include the company’s accounts and all significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated. Unconsolidated entities are included in the financial statements on an equity basis. As of September 30, 2023, the company owns a 48.8% limited partner interest and a 2.0% general partner interest in Green Plains Partners LP. Public investors own the remaining 49.2% limited partner interest in the partnership. The company determined that the limited partners in the partnership with equity at risk lack the power, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities that most significantly impact the partnership’s economic performance; therefore, the partnership is considered a variable interest entity. The company, through its ownership of the general partner interest in the partnership, has the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect economic performance and is obligated to absorb losses and has the right to receive benefits that could be significant to the partnership. Therefore, the company is considered the primary beneficiary and consolidates the partnership in the company’s financial statements. The assets of the partnership cannot be used by the company for general corporate purposes. The partnership’s consolidated total assets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, excluding intercompany balances, are $108.8 million and $108.7 million, respectively, and primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets and goodwill. The partnership’s consolidated total liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, excluding intercompany balances, are $121.0 million and $119.5 million, respectively, which primarily consist of long-term debt as discussed in Note 8 – Debt and operating lease liabilities. The liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating the partnership do not represent additional claims on the company’s general assets. On September 16, 2023, a definitive agreement and plan of merger was entered into by and among the company, GPLP Holdings Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the company, GPLP Merger Sub LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of GPLP Holdings Inc., the partnership, and Green Plains Holdings LLC. Refer to Note 3 - Merger and Disposition included herein for more information. The company also owns a majority interest in FQT, with their results being consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Because they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements, the unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 10, 2023. The unaudited financial information reflects adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented. The adjustments are normal and recurring in nature, unless otherwise noted. Interim period results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements	Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The company bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions it believes are proper and reasonable under the circumstances and regularly evaluates the appropriateness of its estimates and assumptions. Actual
Description of Business	Description of Business The company operates within three operating segments: (1) ethanol production, which includes the production of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil, (2) agribusiness and energy services, which includes grain handling and storage, commodity marketing and merchant trading for company-produced and third-party ethanol, distillers grains, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities and (3) partnership, which includes fuel storage and transportation services.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents includes bank deposits as well as short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Restricted Cash	Restricted Cash The company has restricted cash, which can only be used for funding letters of credit and for payment towards a credit agreement. Restricted cash also includes cash margins and securities pledged to commodity exchange clearinghouses and at times, funds in escrow related to acquisition and disposition activities. To the degree these segregated balances are cash and cash equivalents, they are considered restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets.
Marketable Securities	Marketable SecuritiesMarketable securities include highly liquid, fixed maturity investments with original maturities ranging from three to twelve months and are carried at amortized cost, reflecting the ability and intent to hold the securities to maturity.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition The company recognizes revenue when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Sales, value add, and other taxes the company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Sales of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities by the company’s marketing business are recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services. Revenues related to marketing for third parties are presented on a gross basis as the company controls the product prior to the sale to the end customer, takes title of the product and has inventory risk. Unearned revenue is recorded for goods in transit when the company has received payment but control has not yet been transferred to the customer. Revenues for receiving, storing, transferring and transporting ethanol and other fuels are recognized when the product is delivered to the customer. The company routinely enters into physical-delivery energy commodity purchase and sale agreements. At times, the company settles these transactions by transferring its obligations to other counterparties rather than delivering the physical commodity. Revenues include net gains or losses from derivatives related to products sold while cost of goods sold includes net gains or losses from derivatives related to commodities purchased. Revenues also include realized gains and losses on related derivative financial instruments and reclassifications of realized gains and losses on cash flow hedges from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Sales of products, including agricultural commodities, are recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer, which depends on the agreed upon shipment or delivery terms. Revenues related to grain merchandising are presented gross and include shipping and handling, which is also a component of cost of goods sold. A substantial portion of the partnership revenues are derived from fixed-fee commercial agreements for storage, terminal or transportation services. The partnership recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of product from its storage tanks and fuel terminals, when railcar volumetric capacity is provided, and as truck transportation services are performed. To the extent shortfalls associated with minimum volume commitments in the previous four quarters continue to exist, volumes in excess of the minimum volume commitment are applied to those shortfalls. Remaining excess volumes generating operating lease revenue are recognized as incurred.
Shipping and Handling Costs	Shipping and Handling Costs The company accounts for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill its promise to transfer the associated products. Accordingly, the company records customer payments associated with shipping and handling costs as a component of revenue, and classifies such costs as a component of cost of goods sold.
Cost of Goods Sold	Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold includes materials, direct labor, shipping and plant overhead costs. Materials include the cost of corn feedstock, denaturant, and process chemicals. Corn feedstock costs include gains and losses on related derivative financial instruments not designated as cash flow hedges, inbound freight charges, inspection costs and transfer costs, as well as reclassifications of gains and losses on cash flow hedges from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Direct labor includes all compensation and related benefits of non-management personnel involved in ethanol production. Shipping costs incurred by the company, including railcar costs, are also reflected in cost of goods sold. Plant overhead consists primarily of plant utilities, repairs and maintenance and outbound freight charges. The company uses exchange-traded futures and options contracts and forward purchase and sale contracts to attempt to minimize the effect of price changes on ethanol, renewable corn oil, grain and natural gas. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued at quoted market prices and settled predominantly in cash. The company is exposed to loss when counterparties default on forward purchase and sale contracts. Grain inventories held for sale and forward purchase and sale contracts are valued at market prices when available or other market quotes adjusted for basis differences, primarily in transportation, between the exchange-traded market and local market where the terms of the contract is based. Changes in forward purchase contracts and exchange-traded futures and options contracts are recognized as a component of cost of goods sold.
Operations and Maintenance Expenses	Operations and Maintenance Expenses In the partnership segment, transportation expenses represent the primary component of operations and maintenance expenses. Transportation expenses include railcar leases, freight and shipping of the company’s ethanol and co-products, as well as costs incurred storing ethanol at destination terminals.
Derivative Financial Instruments	Derivative Financial Instruments The company uses various derivative financial instruments, including exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and over-the-counter options contracts, to attempt to minimize risk and the effect of commodity price changes including but not limited to, corn, ethanol, natural gas and other agricultural and energy products. The company monitors and manages this exposure as part of its overall risk management policy to reduce the adverse effect market volatility may have on its operating results. The company may hedge these commodities as one way to mitigate risk; however, there may be situations when these hedging activities themselves result in losses. By using derivatives to hedge exposures to changes in commodity prices, the company is exposed to credit and market risk. The company’s exposure to credit risk includes the counterparty’s failure to fulfill its performance obligations under the terms of the derivative contract. The company minimizes its credit risk by entering into transactions with high quality counterparties, limiting the amount of financial exposure it has with each counterparty and monitoring their financial condition. Market risk is the risk that the value of the financial instrument might be adversely affected by a change in commodity prices or interest rates. The company manages market risk by incorporating parameters to monitor exposure within its risk management strategy, which limits the types of derivative instruments and strategies the company can use and the degree of market risk it can take using derivative instruments. Forward contracts are recorded at fair value unless the contracts qualify for, and the company elects, normal purchase or sale exceptions. Changes in fair value are recorded in operating income unless the contracts qualify for, and the company elects, cash flow hedge accounting treatment. Certain qualifying derivatives related to ethanol production and agribusiness and energy services are designated as cash flow hedges. The company evaluates the derivative instrument to ascertain its effectiveness prior to entering into cash flow hedges. Unrealized gains and losses are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss until the gain or loss from the underlying hedged transaction is realized and the physical transaction is completed. When it becomes probable a forecasted transaction will not occur, the cash flow hedge treatment is discontinued, which affects earnings. These derivative financial instruments are recognized in current assets or current liabilities at fair value.

Revenue (Tables)

Revenue (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Disaggregation of Revenue by Major Source	The following tables disaggregate revenue by major source (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Partnership Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 22,664 — — — 22,664 Renewable corn oil — — — — — Other 5,855 3,437 954 — 10,246 Intersegment revenues — 151 1,280 (1,431) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 28,519 3,588 2,234 (1,431) 32,910 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 607,113 99,008 — — 706,121 Distillers grains 81,288 5,900 — — 87,188 Renewable corn oil 49,872 7,327 — — 57,199 Other 6,575 2,777 — — 9,352 Intersegment revenues — 6,481 — (6,481) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 744,848 121,493 — (6,481) 859,860 Leasing revenues under ASC 842 (2) — — 17,911 (17,911) — Total Revenues $ 773,367 $ 125,081 $ 20,145 $ (25,823) $ 892,770 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Partnership Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 65,258 — — — 65,258 Renewable corn oil — — — — — Other 22,732 13,709 3,136 — 39,577 Intersegment revenues — 151 4,589 (4,740) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 87,990 13,860 7,725 (4,740) 104,835 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 1,656,688 306,134 — — 1,962,822 Distillers grains 297,189 28,715 — — 325,904 Renewable corn oil 131,893 8,048 — — 139,941 Other 21,840 28,009 — — 49,849 Intersegment revenues — 18,524 — (18,524) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 2,107,610 389,430 — (18,524) 2,478,516 Leasing revenues under ASC 842 (2) — — 53,718 (53,718) — Total Revenues $ 2,195,600 $ 403,290 $ 61,443 $ (76,982) $ 2,583,351 Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Partnership Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 3,219 — — — 3,219 Renewable corn oil — — — — — Other 7,347 2,211 1,036 — 10,594 Intersegment revenues — — 1,850 (1,850) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 10,566 2,211 2,886 (1,850) 13,813 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 619,665 127,344 — — 747,009 Distillers grains 123,892 11,330 — — 135,222 Renewable corn oil 47,668 — — — 47,668 Other 9,224 2,041 — — 11,265 Intersegment revenues — 6,836 — (6,836) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 800,449 147,551 — (6,836) 941,164 Leasing revenues under ASC 842 (2) — — 17,180 (17,180) — Total Revenues $ 811,015 $ 149,762 $ 20,066 $ (25,866) $ 954,977 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Partnership Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 19,982 — — — 19,982 Renewable corn oil — — — — — Other 27,984 5,160 2,953 — 36,097 Intersegment revenues — 234 5,788 (6,022) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 47,966 5,394 8,741 (6,022) 56,079 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 1,736,228 361,036 — — 2,097,264 Distillers grains 365,839 34,629 — — 400,468 Renewable corn oil 140,513 3,957 — — 144,470 Other 19,188 31,337 — — 50,525 Intersegment revenues — 19,680 — (19,680) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 2,261,768 450,639 — (19,680) 2,692,727 Leasing revenues under ASC 842 (2) — — 50,079 (50,079) — Total Revenues $ 2,309,734 $ 456,033 $ 58,820 $ (75,781) $ 2,748,806 (1) Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives represent physically settled derivative sales that are outside the scope of ASC 606. (2) Leasing revenues do not represent revenues recognized from contracts with customers under ASC 606, and are accounted for under ASC 842, Leases .

Business Combinations and Asset

Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Assets sold and liabilities transferred	The assets sold and liabilities transferred of the Atkinson plant at closing on September 7, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Amounts of Identifiable Assets Disposed and Liabilities Relinquished Inventories $ 3,226 Prepaid expenses and other 308 Property, plant and equipment 15,199 Operating lease right-of-use assets 3,428 Accrued and other liabilities (367) Operating lease current liabilities (1,332) Operating lease long-term liabilities (2,096) Other liabilities (189) Total identifiable net assets disposed $ 18,177

Fair Value Disclosures (Tables)

Fair Value Disclosures (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value	The company’s assets and liabilities by level are as follows (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2023 Quoted Prices in Significant Other Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 326,701 $ — $ 326,701 Restricted cash 39,459 — 39,459 Inventories carried at market — 18,758 18,758 Derivative financial instruments - assets — 14,037 14,037 Other assets 110 1 111 Total assets measured at fair value $ 366,270 $ 32,796 $ 399,066 Liabilities Accounts payable (1) $ — $ 20,093 $ 20,093 Accrued and other liabilities (2) — 6,269 6,269 Derivative financial instruments - liabilities — 21,577 21,577 Other liabilities (2) — 3,411 3,411 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ — $ 51,350 $ 51,350 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Quoted Prices in Significant Other Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 444,661 $ — $ 444,661 Restricted cash 55,615 — 55,615 Inventories carried at market — 61,885 61,885 Derivative financial instruments - assets — 16,420 16,420 Other assets 110 1 111 Total assets measured at fair value $ 500,386 $ 78,306 $ 578,692 Liabilities Accounts payable (1) $ — $ 31,925 $ 31,925 Accrued and other liabilities (2) — 1,909 1,909 Derivative financial instruments - liabilities — 44,686 44,686 Other liabilities (2) — 6,640 6,640 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ — $ 85,160 $ 85,160 (1) Accounts payable is generally stated at historical amounts with the exception of $20.1 million and $31.9 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, related to certain delivered inventory for which the payable fluctuates based on changes in commodity prices. These payables are hybrid financial instruments for which the company has elected the fair value option. (2) As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, accrued and other liabilities includes $6.3 million and $1.9 million and other liabilities includes $3.2 million and $6.6 million of consideration related to potential earn-out payments recorded at fair value.

Segment Information (Tables)

Segment Information (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Financial Data of Operating Segments	The following tables set forth certain financial data for the company’s operating segments (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Revenues Ethanol production Revenues from external customers $ 773,367 $ 811,015 $ 2,195,600 $ 2,309,734 Intersegment revenues — — — — Total segment revenues 773,367 811,015 2,195,600 2,309,734 Agribusiness and energy services Revenues from external customers 118,449 142,926 384,615 436,119 Intersegment revenues 6,632 6,836 18,675 19,914 Total segment revenues 125,081 149,762 403,290 456,033 Partnership Revenues from external customers 954 1,036 3,136 2,953 Intersegment revenues 19,191 19,030 58,307 55,867 Total segment revenues 20,145 20,066 61,443 58,820 Revenues including intersegment activity 918,593 980,843 2,660,333 2,824,587 Intersegment eliminations (25,823) (25,866) (76,982) (75,781) $ 892,770 $ 954,977 $ 2,583,351 $ 2,748,806 Refer to Note 2 - Revenue , for further disaggregation of revenue by operating segment. Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Cost of goods sold Ethanol production $ 728,360 $ 843,843 $ 2,176,253 $ 2,310,224 Agribusiness and energy services 109,292 139,922 371,981 418,017 Intersegment eliminations (26,353) (26,908) (76,839) (77,561) $ 811,299 $ 956,857 $ 2,471,395 $ 2,650,680 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Gross margin Ethanol production $ 45,007 $ (32,828) $ 19,347 $ (490) Agribusiness and energy services 15,789 9,840 31,309 38,016 Partnership 20,145 20,066 61,443 58,820 Intersegment eliminations 530 1,042 (143) 1,780 $ 81,471 $ (1,880) $ 111,956 $ 98,126 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Operating income (loss) Ethanol production (1) $ 11,973 $ (64,121) $ (77,759) $ (87,773) Agribusiness and energy services 11,313 5,205 17,612 25,894 Partnership 11,428 11,993 34,744 35,906 Intersegment eliminations 530 1,042 (143) 1,780 Corporate activities (2) (14,070) (15,999) (52,300) (51,748) $ 21,174 $ (61,880) $ (77,846) $ (75,941) (1) Operating income (loss) for ethanol production includes an inventory lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment of $1.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, and $11.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. (2) Corporate activities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 includes the $5.7 million pretax gain on sale of assets. Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Depreciation and amortization Ethanol production $ 21,816 $ 21,555 $ 67,179 $ 59,101 Agribusiness and energy services 534 1,280 1,883 2,214 Partnership 780 1,194 2,424 2,915 Corporate activities 769 618 2,425 1,783 $ 23,899 $ 24,647 $ 73,911 $ 66,013
Total Assets for Operating Segments	The following table sets forth total assets by operating segment (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Total assets (1) Ethanol production $ 1,158,191 $ 1,157,791 Agribusiness and energy services 481,793 489,083 Partnership 108,773 108,680 Corporate assets 216,649 386,437 Intersegment eliminations (14,262) (18,860) $ 1,951,144 $ 2,123,131

Inventories (Tables)

Inventories (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Components of Inventories	The components of inventories are as follows (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Finished goods $ 83,214 $ 97,719 Commodities held for sale 18,758 61,885 Raw materials 42,211 55,983 Work-in-process 15,568 18,499 Supplies and parts 48,310 44,864 $ 208,061 $ 278,950

Derivative Financial Instrume_2

Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments	The fair values of the company’s derivative financial instruments and the line items on the consolidated balance sheets where they are reported are as follows (in thousands): Asset Derivatives' Liability Derivatives' September 30, December 31, September 30, December 31, Derivative financial instruments - forwards $ 14,037 (1) $ 16,420 (2) $ 21,577 (3) $ 44,686 (4) Other assets 1 1 — — Other liabilities — — 234 — Total $ 14,038 $ 16,421 $ 21,811 $ 44,686 (1) At September 30, 2023, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized gains on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $2.2 million, which included $0.1 million of unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments, and the balance representing economic hedges. (2) At December 31, 2022, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized gains on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $3.4 million, which included $9.0 million of unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments, partially offset by $2.0 million of net unrealized losses on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, and the balance representing economic hedges. (3) At September 30, 2023, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized losses on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $0.3 million, which included $5.1 million of net unrealized losses on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, $0.2 million of net unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments, and the balance representing economic hedges. (4) At December 31, 2022, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized losses on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $3.3 million, which included $0.6 million of net unrealized losses on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments and the balance representing economic hedges.
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) in Statement of Financial Performance	The gains or losses recognized in income and other comprehensive income related to the company’s derivative financial instruments and the line items on the consolidated financial statements where they are reported are as follows (in thousands): Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Revenues $ (917) $ 6,958 $ (2,435) $ 5,219 Cost of goods sold (13,234) (4,760) (18,688) (3,748) Net gain (loss) recognized in income (loss) before income taxes $ (14,151) $ 2,198 $ (21,123) $ 1,471 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Commodity contracts $ 19,016 $ 10,234 $ 3,137 $ 3,427 Amount of Gain (Loss) Derivatives Not Designated as Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Exchange-traded futures and options Revenues $ 3,484 $ 1,302 $ (7,661) $ 1,271 Forwards Revenues 121 (4,775) 4,747 (508) Exchange-traded futures and options Cost of goods sold 295 (13,455) 34,028 (53,663) Forwards Cost of goods sold 23,347 16,231 (8,940) (2,066) Net gain (loss) recognized in income (loss) before income taxes $ 27,247 $ (697) $ 22,174 $ (54,966) The following amounts were recorded on the consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for the fair value hedged items (in thousands): September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Line Item in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in Which the Hedged Item is Included Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Inventories $ 18,758 $ 1,188 $ 61,885 $ (13,776) Effect of Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedge Accounting on the Statements of Operations Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedging Relationships for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 Revenue Cost of Revenue Cost of Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Amount of gain (loss) on exchange-traded futures reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income $ (917) $ (13,234) $ 6,958 $ (4,760) Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships Commodity contracts Fair-value hedged inventories — 1,135 — 1,656 Exchange-traded futures designated as hedging instruments — (1,122) — (4,262) Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded $ (917) $ (13,221) $ 6,958 $ (7,366) Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedging Relationships for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 Revenue Cost of Revenue Cost of Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Amount of gain (loss) on exchange traded futures reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income $ (2,435) $ (18,688) $ 5,219 $ (3,748) Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships Commodity contracts Fair-value hedged inventories — (9,286) — 11,492 Exchange-traded futures designated as hedging instruments — 10,803 — (8,973) Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded $ (2,435) $ (17,171) $ 5,219 $ (1,229)
Open Position Derivative Financial Instruments	The notional volume of open commodity derivative positions as of September 30, 2023, are as follows (in thousands): Exchange-Traded (1) Non-Exchange-Traded (2) Derivative Net Long & Long (Short) Unit of Commodity Futures (13,750) Bushels Corn Futures (420) (4) Bushels Corn Futures (5,880) Gallons Ethanol Futures (1,315) MmBTU Natural Gas Futures 6,080 (3) MmBTU Natural Gas Futures (5,895) (4) MmBTU Natural Gas Options (1,283) Bushels Corn Options 2,339 Gallons Ethanol Options 1 Tons Soybean Meal Options 10,079 Pounds Soybean Oil Options 1,839 MmBTU Natural Gas Forwards 25,672 3 Bushels Corn Forwards 6,844 (230,170) Gallons Ethanol Forwards 86 (337) Tons Distillers Grains Forwards — (81,881) Pounds Renewable Corn Oil Forwards 10,816 (439) MmBTU Natural Gas (1) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures and options are presented on a net long and (short) position basis. Options are presented on a delta-adjusted basis. (2) Notional volume of non-exchange-traded forward physical contracts are presented on a gross long and (short) position basis, including both fixed-price and basis contracts, for which only the basis portion of the contract price is fixed. (3) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures used for cash flow hedges. (4) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures used for fair value hedges.

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Components of Long-Term Debt	The components of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Corporate 2.25% convertible notes due 2027 (1) $ 230,000 $ 230,000 Green Plains SPE LLC $125.0 million junior secured mezzanine notes due 2026 (2) 125,000 125,000 Green Plains Wood River and Green Plains Shenandoah $75.0 million loan agreement (3) 73,500 74,625 Green Plains Partners $60.0 million term loan (4) 55,969 58,969 Other 14,830 15,097 Total book value of long-term debt 499,299 503,691 Unamortized debt issuance costs (5,418) (6,610) Less: current maturities of long-term debt (1,936) (1,838) Total long-term debt $ 491,945 $ 495,243 (1) Includes $4.3 million and $5.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. (2) Includes $0.5 million and $0.7 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. (3) Includes $0.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. (4) Includes $0.3 million and $0.4 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Components of Short-term Notes Payable and Other Borrowings	The components of short-term notes payable and other borrowings are as follows (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Green Plains Finance Company, Green Plains Grain and Green Plains Trade $350.0 million revolver $ 150,000 $ 115,000 Green Plains Commodity Management $40.0 million hedge line 9,747 22,678 $ 159,747 $ 137,678

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Non-Vested Stock Award and Deferred Stock Unit Activity	The restricted non-vested stock awards and deferred stock units activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, is as follows: Non-Vested Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2022 813,033 $ 19.98 Granted 288,755 34.07 Forfeited (42,078) 29.42 Vested (457,502) 13.63 Non-Vested at September 30, 2023 602,208 $ 30.90 1.5
Non-Vested Performance Share Award Activity	The non-vested performance share award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, is as follows: Performance Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2022 482,811 $ 18.22 Granted 200,294 27.74 Forfeited (13,069) 27.50 Vested (265,296) 6.21 Non-Vested at September 30, 2023 404,740 $ 30.51 1.5 The non-vested unit-based awards activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, is as follows: Non-Vested Units Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2022 19,707 $ 12.18 Granted 18,549 12.94 Vested (19,707) 12.18 Non-Vested at September 30, 2023 (1) 18,549 $ 12.94 0.8 (1) Per the Merger Agreement, each of these unvested awards will become fully vested at the Effective Time of the Merger.

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

Earnings Per Share (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share	The basic and diluted EPS are calculated as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 EPS - basic Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains $ 22,311 $ (73,526) $ (100,617) $ (88,602) Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 58,910 57,677 58,780 54,550 EPS - basic $ 0.38 $ (1.27) $ (1.71) $ (1.62) EPS - diluted Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains $ 22,311 $ (73,526) $ (100,617) $ (88,602) Interest and amortization on 2.25% convertible notes due 2027, net of tax effect 1,201 — — — Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains - diluted $ 23,512 $ (73,526) $ (100,617) $ (88,602) Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 58,910 57,677 58,780 54,550 Effect of dilutive 2.25% convertible notes due 2027 7,273 — — — Effect of dilutive warrants 837 — — — Effect of dilutive stock-based compensation awards 382 — — — Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted $ 67,402 $ 57,677 $ 58,780 $ 54,550 EPS - diluted $ 0.35 $ (1.27) $ (1.71) $ (1.62) Anti-dilutive weighted-average convertible debt, warrants and stock-based compensation (1) — 8,660 8,516 8,571 (1) For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the effects related to the company’s 2.25% convertible notes due in 2027, warrants and certain stock-based compensation awards have been excluded from diluted EPS as the inclusion of these shares would have been anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the effects related to the company's 2.25% convertible notes due in 2027, warrants and certain stock-based compensation awards were excluded from diluted EPS as the inclusion of these shares would have been anti-dilutive.

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Schedule of Stockholders' Equity	Components of stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands): Common Stock Additional Retained Deficit Accumulated Other Treasury Stock Total Non- Total Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance, December 31, 2022 62,101 $ 62 $ 1,110,151 $ (142,417) $ (26,591) 2,805 $ (31,174) $ 910,031 $ 151,035 $ 1,061,066 Net loss — — — (70,324) — — — (70,324) 4,075 (66,249) Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (5,305) (5,305) Other comprehensive loss before reclassification — — — — (12,788) — — (12,788) — (12,788) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 1,701 — — 1,701 — 1,701 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax — — — — (11,087) — — (11,087) — (11,087) Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 185 185 Stock-based compensation 217 — (5,632) — — — — (5,632) 59 (5,573) Balance, March 31, 2023 62,318 62 1,104,519 (212,741) (37,678) 2,805 (31,174) 822,988 150,049 973,037 Net loss — — — (52,604) — — — (52,604) 4,284 (48,320) Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (6,497) (6,497) Other comprehensive loss before reclassification — — — — 710 — — 710 — 710 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 3,602 — — 3,602 — 3,602 Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — 4,312 — — 4,312 — 4,312 Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 8 8 Stock-based compensation 15 — 3,252 — — — — 3,252 60 3,312 Balance, June 30, 2023 62,333 62 1,107,771 (265,345) (33,366) 2,805 (31,174) 777,948 147,904 925,852 Net income — — — 22,311 — — — 22,311 3,981 26,292 Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (5,663) (5,663) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification — — — — 14,469 — — 14,469 — 14,469 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — — — — 10,767 — — 10,767 — 10,767 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax — — — — 25,236 — — 25,236 — 25,236 Investment in subsidiary — — — — — — — — 65 65 Stock-based compensation (15) — 2,654 — — — — 2,654 60 2,714 Balance, September 30, 2023 62,318 $ 62 $ 1,110,425 $ (243,034) $ (8,130) 2,805 $ (31,174) $ 828,149 $ 146,347 $ 974,496 Common Stock Additional Retained Deficit Accumulated Other Treasury Stock Total Non- Total Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance, December 31, 2021 61,840 $ 62 $ 1,069,573 $ (15,199) $ (12,310) 8,244 $ (91,626) $ 950,500 $ 151,519 $ 1,102,019 Net income (loss) — — — (61,474) — — — (61,474) 5,602 (55,872) Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (5,122) (5,122) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification — — — — 5,386 — — 5,386 — 5,386 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — — — — (1,965) — — (1,965) — (1,965) Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — 3,421 — — 3,421 — 3,421 Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 24 24 Stock-based compensation 226 — (1,922) — — — — (1,922) 59 (1,863) Balance, March 31, 2022 62,066 62 1,067,651 (76,673) (8,889) 8,244 (91,626) 890,525 152,082 1,042,607 Net income — — — 46,398 — — — 46,398 6,322 52,720 Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (8,098) (8,098) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification — — — — (10,535) — — (10,535) — (10,535) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — — — — 2,515 — — 2,515 — 2,515 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax — — — — (8,020) — — (8,020) — (8,020) Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 190 190 Stock-based compensation 21 — 2,270 — — — — 2,270 60 2,330 Balance, June 30, 2022 62,087 62 1,069,921 (30,275) (16,909) 8,244 (91,626) 931,173 150,556 1,081,729 Net income (loss) — — — (73,526) — — — (73,526) 5,623 (67,903) Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (5,247) (5,247) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification — — — — 7,740 — — 7,740 — 7,740 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — — — — (1,662) — — (1,662) — (1,662) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax — — — — 6,078 — — 6,078 — 6,078 Exchange of 4.125% convertible notes due 2022 — — 19,756 — — (1,188) 13,211 32,967 — 32,967 Redemption of 4.00% convertible notes due 2024 — — 15,797 — — (4,251) 47,241 63,038 — 63,038 Investment in subsidiary — — — — — — — — 199 199 Stock-based compensation 1 — 2,312 — — — — 2,312 61 2,373 Balance, September 30, 2022 62,088 $ 62 $ 1,107,786 $ (103,801) $ (10,831) 2,805 $ (31,174) $ 962,042 $ 151,192 $ 1,113,234
Reclassification From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Statements of 2023 2022 2023 2022 Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges Commodity derivatives $ (917) $ 6,958 $ (2,435) $ 5,219 (1) Commodity derivatives (13,234) (4,760) (18,688) (3,748) (2) Total gains (losses) on cash flow hedges (14,151) 2,198 (21,123) 1,471 (3) Income tax benefit (expense) 3,384 (536) 5,053 (359) (4) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (10,767) $ 1,662 $ (16,070) $ 1,112 (1) Revenues (2) Costs of goods sold (3) Income (loss) before income taxes and income (loss) from equity method investees (4) Income tax benefit (expense)

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Components of Lease Expense	The components of lease expense are as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Lease expense Operating lease expense $ 7,155 $ 5,220 $ 20,744 $ 15,608 Variable lease expense (benefit) (1) 211 776 (96) 1,181 Total lease expense $ 7,366 $ 5,996 $ 20,648 $ 16,789 (1) Represents amounts incurred in excess of the minimum payments required for a certain building lease and for the handling and unloading of railcars for a certain land lease, offset by railcar lease abatements provided by the lessor when railcars are out of service during periods of maintenance or upgrade.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Operating Leases	Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 7,075 $ 4,949 $ 19,914 $ 14,823 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations Operating leases 4,330 1,428 27,786 13,151 Right-of-use assets and lease obligations derecognized due to lease modifications: Operating leases (1) 3,428 — 3,428 — (1) As part of the Atkinson disposition, the company derecognized $3.4 million of right-of-use assets and lease obligations related to railcar operating leases.
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Operating Leases	Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases is as follows: September 30, December 31, Weighted average remaining lease term 4.6 years 4.9 years Weighted average discount rate 5.09 % 4.32 %
Aggregate Minimum Lease Payments	Aggregate minimum lease payments under the operating lease agreements for the remainder of 2023 and in future years are as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31, Amount 2023 $ 7,334 2024 25,824 2025 21,256 2026 14,808 2027 11,312 Thereafter 12,809 Total 93,343 Less: Present value discount (10,711) Lease liabilities $ 82,632

Basis of Presentation, Descri_3

Basis of Presentation, Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 1,951,144	$ 2,123,131
Total liabilities	$ 976,648	1,062,065
Number of operating segments | segment	3
Green Plains Partners L.P.
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 108,800	108,700
Total liabilities	$ 121,000	$ 119,500
IPO | Limited Partner
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership interest, percentage	48.80%
IPO | Limited Partner | Parent Company
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership interest, public, percentage	49.20%
IPO | General Partner | Parent Company
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership interest, percentage	2%

Revenue - Disaggregation of Rev

Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue by Major Source (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	$ 32,910	$ 13,813	$ 104,835	$ 56,079
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	859,860	941,164	2,478,516	2,692,727
Leasing revenues under ASC 842	0	0	0	0
Total Revenues	892,770	954,977	2,583,351	2,748,806
Ethanol
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	706,121	747,009	1,962,822	2,097,264
Distillers grains
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	22,664	3,219	65,258	19,982
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	87,188	135,222	325,904	400,468
Renewable corn oil
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	57,199	47,668	139,941	144,470
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	10,246	10,594	39,577	36,097
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	9,352	11,265	49,849	50,525
Ethanol Production
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Total Revenues	773,367	811,015	2,195,600	2,309,734
Ethanol Production | Ethanol
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	607,113	619,665	1,656,688	1,736,228
Ethanol Production | Distillers grains
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	22,664	3,219	65,258	19,982
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	81,288	123,892	297,189	365,839
Ethanol Production | Renewable corn oil
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	49,872	47,668	131,893	140,513
Ethanol Production | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	5,855	7,347	22,732	27,984
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	6,575	9,224	21,840	19,188
Agribusiness & Energy Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	(6,481)	(6,836)	(18,524)	(19,680)
Total Revenues	118,449	142,926	384,615	436,119
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Ethanol
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	99,008	127,344	306,134	361,036
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Distillers grains
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	5,900	11,330	28,715	34,629
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Renewable corn oil
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	7,327	0	8,048	3,957
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	3,437	2,211	13,709	5,160
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	2,777	2,041	28,009	31,337
Partnership
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Total Revenues	954	1,036	3,136	2,953
Partnership | Ethanol
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Partnership | Distillers grains
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Partnership | Renewable corn oil
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Partnership | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	954	1,036	3,136	2,953
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	918,593	980,843	2,660,333	2,824,587
Operating Segments | Ethanol Production
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	28,519	10,566	87,990	47,966
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	744,848	800,449	2,107,610	2,261,768
Leasing revenues under ASC 842	0	0	0	0
Total Revenues	773,367	811,015	2,195,600	2,309,734
Operating Segments | Agribusiness & Energy Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	3,588	2,211	13,860	5,394
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	121,493	147,551	389,430	450,639
Leasing revenues under ASC 842	0	0	0	0
Total Revenues	125,081	149,762	403,290	456,033
Operating Segments | Partnership
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	2,234	2,886	7,725	8,741
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Leasing revenues under ASC 842	17,911	17,180	53,718	50,079
Total Revenues	20,145	20,066	61,443	58,820
Intersegment Eliminations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	(1,431)	(1,850)	(4,740)	(6,022)
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	(6,481)	(6,836)	(18,524)	(19,680)
Leasing revenues under ASC 842	(17,911)	(17,180)	(53,718)	(50,079)
Total Revenues	(25,823)	(25,866)	(76,982)	(75,781)
Intersegment Eliminations | Ethanol
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Intersegment Eliminations | Distillers grains
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Intersegment Eliminations | Renewable corn oil
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Intersegment Eliminations | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Intersegment Eliminations | Ethanol Production
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total Revenues	0	0	0	0
Intersegment Eliminations | Agribusiness & Energy Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	(151)	0	(151)	(234)
Total Revenues	(6,632)	(6,836)	(18,675)	(19,914)
Intersegment Eliminations | Partnership
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	(1,280)	(1,850)	(4,589)	(5,788)
Total Revenues	$ (19,191)	$ (19,030)	$ (58,307)	$ (55,867)

Revenue - Narrative (Details)

Revenue - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue Benchmark | Customer A | Customer Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk	14%	14%	13%

MERGER AND DISPOSITION - Narrat

MERGER AND DISPOSITION - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 07, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 16, 2023 day $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.001			$ 0.001
Gain (loss) on sale | $		$ 5,651	$ 0
Green Plains Partners Merger
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Cash consideration (in dollars per share)				$ 2
Numerator used to determine cash consideration (in dollars per share)				$ 0.455
Denominator used for cash consideration (in days) | day				90
Quarterly cash dividend threshold (in dollars per share)				$ 0.455
Green Plains Partners Merger | Common Stock
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Entity shares issued per acquire share (in shares)				0.405
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)				$ 0.001
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations | Atkinson Transaction
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Consideration received | $	$ 22,900
Working capital | $	1,000
Gain (loss) on sale | $	4,600
Storage Assets And Railcar Leases Related To Atkinson Plant
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Consideration transferred | $	$ 2,100

MERGER AND DISPOSITION - Assets

MERGER AND DISPOSITION - Assets Sold and Liabilities Transferred (Details) - Atkinson Transaction - Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations $ in Thousands	Sep. 07, 2023 USD ($)
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Inventories	$ 3,226
Prepaid expenses and other	308
Property, plant and equipment	15,199
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3,428
Accrued and other liabilities	(367)
Operating lease current liabilities	(1,332)
Operating lease long-term liabilities	(2,096)
Other liabilities	(189)
Total identifiable net assets disposed	$ 18,177

Fair Value Disclosures - Assets

Fair Value Disclosures - Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 326,701	$ 444,661
Restricted cash	39,459	55,615
Inventories carried at market	18,758	61,885
Derivative financial instruments - assets	14,037	16,420
Other assets	111	111
Total assets measured at fair value	399,066	578,692
Liabilities
Accounts payable	20,093	31,925
Accrued and other liabilities	6,269	1,909
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities	21,577	44,686
Other liabilities	3,411	6,640
Total liabilities measured at fair value	51,350	85,160
Potential Earn-Out Payments
Liabilities
Accrued and other liabilities	6,300	1,900
Other liabilities	3,200	6,600
Quoted Prices in ‎ Active Markets for ‎Identical Assets (Level 1)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	326,701	444,661
Restricted cash	39,459	55,615
Inventories carried at market	0	0
Derivative financial instruments - assets	0	0
Other assets	110	110
Total assets measured at fair value	366,270	500,386
Liabilities
Accounts payable	0	0
Accrued and other liabilities	0	0
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities	0	0
Other liabilities	0	0
Total liabilities measured at fair value	0	0
Significant Other ‎Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Restricted cash	0	0
Inventories carried at market	18,758	61,885
Derivative financial instruments - assets	14,037	16,420
Other assets	1	1
Total assets measured at fair value	32,796	78,306
Liabilities
Accounts payable	20,093	31,925
Accrued and other liabilities	6,269	1,909
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities	21,577	44,686
Other liabilities	3,411	6,640
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$ 51,350	$ 85,160

Fair Value Disclosures - Narrat

Fair Value Disclosures - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair value of debt	$ 663.5	$ 654.5
Book value of debt	653.6	634.8
Fair value of accounts receivable	$ 142.8	$ 108.6

Segment Information - Narrative

Segment Information - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	3

Segment Information - Financial

Segment Information - Financial Data of Operating Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 892,770	$ 954,977	$ 2,583,351	$ 2,748,806
Cost of goods sold	811,299	956,857	2,471,395	2,650,680
Gross margin	81,471	(1,880)	111,956	98,126
Operating income (loss)	21,174	(61,880)	(77,846)	(75,941)
Inventory adjustments	1,700		1,700
Depreciation and amortization	23,899	24,647	73,911	66,013
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	918,593	980,843	2,660,333	2,824,587
Intersegment Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	(25,823)	(25,866)	(76,982)	(75,781)
Cost of goods sold	(26,353)	(26,908)	(76,839)	(77,561)
Gross margin	(530)	(1,042)	143	1,780
Operating income (loss)	(530)	(1,042)	143	1,780
Corporate Activities
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	(14,070)	(15,999)	(52,300)	(51,748)
Depreciation and amortization	769	618	2,425	1,783
Ethanol Production
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	773,367	811,015	2,195,600	2,309,734
Ethanol Production | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	773,367	811,015	2,195,600	2,309,734
Cost of goods sold	728,360	843,843	2,176,253	2,310,224
Gross margin	45,007	(32,828)	19,347	(490)
Operating income (loss)	11,973	(64,121)	(77,759)	(87,773)
Depreciation and amortization	21,816	21,555	67,179	59,101
Ethanol Production | Intersegment Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0	0
Agribusiness & Energy Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	118,449	142,926	384,615	436,119
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	125,081	149,762	403,290	456,033
Cost of goods sold	109,292	139,922	371,981	418,017
Gross margin	15,789	9,840	31,309	38,016
Operating income (loss)	11,313	5,205	17,612	25,894
Depreciation and amortization	534	1,280	1,883	2,214
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Intersegment Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	(6,632)	(6,836)	(18,675)	(19,914)
Partnership
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	954	1,036	3,136	2,953
Partnership | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	20,145	20,066	61,443	58,820
Gross margin	20,145	20,066	61,443	58,820
Operating income (loss)	11,428	11,993	34,744	35,906
Depreciation and amortization	780	1,194	2,424	2,915
Partnership | Intersegment Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ (19,191)	$ (19,030)	$ (58,307)	$ (55,867)

Segment Information - Total Ass

Segment Information - Total Assets for Operating Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 1,951,144	$ 2,123,131
Operating Segments | Ethanol Production
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	1,158,191	1,157,791
Operating Segments | Agribusiness & Energy Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	481,793	489,083
Operating Segments | Partnership
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	108,773	108,680
Corporate assets
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	216,649	386,437
Intersegment Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	$ (14,262)	$ (18,860)

Inventories - Narrative (Detail

Inventories - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Lower of cost or market adjustment	$ 1.7	$ 12.3

Inventories - Components of Inv

Inventories - Components of Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished goods	$ 83,214	$ 97,719
Commodities held for sale	18,758	61,885
Raw materials	42,211	55,983
Work-in-process	15,568	18,499
Supplies and parts	48,310	44,864
Inventories	$ 208,061	$ 278,950

Derivative Financial Instrume_3

Derivative Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ 8,130		$ 8,130		$ 26,591
Energy trading contracts gain	$ (100)	$ (100)	$ 4,100	$ 1,200

Derivative Financial Instrume_4

Derivative Financial Instruments - Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives, Fair Value	$ 14,038	$ 16,421
Liability Derivatives, Fair Value	21,811	44,686
Derivative Financial Instruments, Assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives, Fair Value	14,037	16,420
Net unrealized gains on exchange traded futures and options contracts included in balance sheet	2,200	3,400
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments	100	(9,000)
Derivative Financial Instruments, Assets | Fair Value Hedging
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Unrealized gains (loss) on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value instruments		(2,000)
Derivative Financial Instruments, Liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Liability Derivatives, Fair Value	21,577	44,686
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments	(5,100)	(600)
Net unrealized loss on exchange traded futures and options contracts	300
Net unrealized losses on exchange traded futures and options contracts		3,300
Derivative Financial Instruments, Liabilities | Fair Value Hedging
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Unrealized gains (loss) on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value instruments	200
Other assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives, Fair Value	1	1
Other liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Liability Derivatives, Fair Value	$ 234	$ 0

Derivative Financial Instrume_5

Derivative Financial Instruments - Gain (Loss) in Statement of Financial Performance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	$ (14,151)	$ 2,198	$ (21,123)	$ 1,471
Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets	18,758		18,758		$ 61,885
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets	1,188		1,188		$ (13,776)
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	27,247	(697)	22,174	(54,966)
Revenues
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	(917)	6,958	(2,435)	5,219
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded	(917)	6,958	(2,435)	5,219
Cost of goods sold
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	(13,234)	(4,760)	(18,688)	(3,748)
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded	(13,221)	(7,366)	(17,171)	(1,229)
Commodity contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives	19,016	10,234	3,137	3,427
Commodity contracts | Revenues
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedges Recognized in Earnings	0	0	0	0
Commodity contracts | Cost of goods sold
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedges Recognized in Earnings	1,135	1,656	(9,286)	11,492
Exchange-traded futures and options | Revenues | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	3,484	1,302	(7,661)	1,271
Exchange-traded futures and options | Cost of goods sold | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	295	(13,455)	34,028	(53,663)
Forwards | Revenues | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	121	(4,775)	4,747	(508)
Forwards | Cost of goods sold | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	23,347	16,231	(8,940)	(2,066)
Exchange Future | Revenues
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	(917)	6,958	(2,435)	5,219
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedges Recognized in Earnings	0	0	0	0
Exchange Future | Cost of goods sold
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	(13,234)	(4,760)	(18,688)	(3,748)
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedges Recognized in Earnings	$ (1,122)	$ (4,262)	$ 10,803	$ (8,973)

Derivative Financial Instrume_6

Derivative Financial Instruments - Open Position Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) contract in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023 contract
Corn | Exchange Traded | Short | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(13,750)
Corn | Exchange Traded | Short | Fair Value Hedging | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(420)
Corn | Exchange Traded | Short | Fair Value Hedging | Equity Option
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	1,283
Corn | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(25,672)
Corn | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(3)
Ethanol | Exchange Traded | Short | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(5,880)
Ethanol | Exchange Traded | Short | Fair Value Hedging | Equity Option
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(2,339)
Ethanol | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(6,844)
Ethanol | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(230,170)
Natural Gas | Exchange Traded | Long | Cash Flow Hedging | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	6,080
Natural Gas | Exchange Traded | Long | Fair Value Hedging | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(5,895)
Natural Gas | Exchange Traded | Short | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	1,315
Natural Gas | Exchange Traded | Short | Fair Value Hedging | Equity Option
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	1,839
Natural Gas | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(10,816)
Natural Gas | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(439)
Distillers Grains in Tons | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(86)
Distillers Grains in Tons | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(337)
Corn Oil | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	0
Corn Oil | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(81,881)
Soybean Meal in Tons | Exchange Traded | Long | Fair Value Hedging | Equity Option
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(1)
Soybean Oil in Pounds | Exchange Traded | Long | Fair Value Hedging | Equity Option
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(10,079)

Debt - Components of Long-Term

Debt - Components of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 01, 2022	Aug. 24, 2022	Jul. 08, 2022	May 25, 2022	May 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021	Feb. 09, 2021	Jun. 30, 2019	May 31, 2019	Aug. 31, 2016
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total book value of long-term debt	$ 499,299	$ 503,691
Unamortized debt issuance costs	5,418	6,610
Less: current maturities of long-term debt	(1,936)	(1,838)
Total long-term debt	$ 491,945	495,243
Convertible Notes | 2.25% Convertible Notes Due 2027 | Corporate Activities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	2.25%		2.25%						2.25%
Face amount									$ 230,000
Total book value of long-term debt	$ 230,000	230,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	$ 4,300	5,200
Convertible Notes | 4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024 | Corporate Activities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage						4%		4%			4%	4%
Face amount							$ 64,000				$ 115,000
Convertible Notes | 4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage				4.125%
Face amount				$ 23
Convertible Notes | 4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022 | Corporate Activities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage					4.125%						4.125%		4.125%
Face amount													$ 170,000
$75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	6.52%
Other Debt Obligations
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total book value of long-term debt	$ 14,830	15,097
Green Plains SPE LLC | $125.0 Million Junior Secured Mezzanine Notes Due 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	11.75%
Face amount	$ 125,000									$ 125,000
Total book value of long-term debt	125,000	125,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	$ 500	700
Green Plains Wood River and Green Plains Shenandoah | $75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	5.02%
Face amount	$ 75,000
Total book value of long-term debt	73,500	74,625
Unamortized debt issuance costs	300	300
Partnership | $60.0 Million Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total book value of long-term debt	55,969	58,969
Credit Facility | Partnership
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	$ 60,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs		$ 400

Debt - Components of Short-term

Debt - Components of Short-term Notes Payable and Other Borrowings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings	$ 159,747	$ 137,678
$350.0 million revolver
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	350,000
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings	150,000	115,000
Green Plains Commodity Management | $40.0 million hedge line
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	40,000
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings	$ 9,747	$ 22,678

Debt - Corporate Activities Nar

Debt - Corporate Activities Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands					1 Months Ended					9 Months Ended
	Sep. 01, 2022 USD ($) shares	Jul. 08, 2022 USD ($) shares	May 25, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 25, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	May 31, 2021 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($) day $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares	Aug. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 24, 2022	May 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loss on extinguishment debt										$ 0	$ 419
4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024 | Convertible Notes | Corporate Activities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount			$ 64,000					$ 115,000
Interest rate, stated percentage		4%				4%		4%					4%
Convertible rate				6.64178%				6.4154%
Debt conversion price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares								$ 15.59
Common stock for conversion (in shares) | shares		4,300,000				3,600,000
Debt conversion amount		$ 64,000	$ 64,000			$ 51,000
Debt amount converted		64,000
Loss on extinguishment debt		$ 419
4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022 | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	$ 23
Interest rate, stated percentage	4.125%
Common stock for conversion (in shares) | shares	15,000				1,200,000
Debt amount converted	$ 1,700
Aggregate principal					$ 32,600
Payments on extinguishment of convertible debt	$ 1,700
4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022 | Convertible Notes | Corporate Activities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount									$ 170,000
Interest rate, stated percentage								4.125%	4.125%			4.125%
Convertible rate									3.57143%
Debt conversion price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares									$ 28
Common stock for conversion (in shares) | shares	15,000				1,200,000
Debt conversion amount	$ 1,700				$ 32,600
Outstanding amount repurchased							$ 135,700
2.25% Convertible Notes Due 2027 | Convertible Notes | Corporate Activities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount							$ 230,000
Interest rate, stated percentage							2.25%			2.25%	2.25%
Convertible rate							3.16206%
Debt conversion price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares							$ 31.62
Debt conversion price percentage							37.50%
Percent of excess of applicable conversion price							140%
Convertible threshold trading days (in days) | day							20
Consecutive convertible threshold trading days (in days) | day							30
Redemption price, percentage							100%
Percent of principal amount, cash price for repurchase							100%
Net proceeds from debt							$ 156,500
Convertible Notes4.00 Due2022 | Convertible Notes | Corporate Activities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Convertible rate									6.64178%

Debt - Agribusiness And Energy

Debt - Agribusiness And Energy Services Segment Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
	Mar. 25, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term note payable		$ 159,747	$ 137,678
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Green Plains Commodity Management | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity		$ 40,000
Interest rate, stated percentage		7.06%
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Green Plains Commodity Management | Revolving Credit Facility | LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage		1.75%
$350.0 million revolver
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount		$ 350,000
Short-term note payable		$ 150,000	$ 115,000
$350.0 million revolver | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage		8.74%
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Minimum current ratio required		1
Minimum collateral coverage ratio required		1.20
Maximum debt to capitalization ratio required		0.60
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, term	5 years
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 350,000
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity		$ 350,000
Additional amounts available under facility, accordion feature		$ 100,000
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused capacity fee, percentage		0.275%
Change in control percentage benchmark		(0.025%)
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage		2.25%
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum | Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage		1.25%
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused capacity fee, percentage		0.375%
Change in control percentage benchmark		0.10%
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage		2.50%
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum | Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage		1.50%
Inventory Financing, $50.0 Million | Green Plains Grain
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term note payable		$ 0

Debt - Ethanol Production Segme

Debt - Ethanol Production Segment, Partnership Segment, Covenant Compliance, and Restricted Net Assets Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 20, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / gal	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Feb. 11, 2022 USD ($)	Feb. 09, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount of restricted net assets		$ 121,900	$ 121,900
Debt prepayment cost			0	$ 1,766
BlackRock | Partnership | Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, debt purchased					$ 1,000
$125.0 Million Junior Secured Mezzanine Notes Due 2026 | Green Plains SPE LLC
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount		$ 125,000	$ 125,000			$ 125,000
Interest rate, stated percentage		11.75%	11.75%
Debt instrument, retired or refinanced term with no prepayment premium			42 months
$125.0 Million Junior Secured Mezzanine Notes Due 2026 | Green Plains SPE LLC | Elect To Pay In Cash
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage			6%
$125.0 Million Junior Secured Mezzanine Notes Due 2026 | Green Plains SPE LLC | Paid In Kind
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage			6.75%
$75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage		6.52%	6.52%
$75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement | Green Plains Wood River and Green Plains Shenandoah
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount		$ 75,000	$ 75,000
Interest rate, stated percentage		5.02%	5.02%
Interest rate premium		1.50%	1.50%
Annual principal payments		$ 1,500	$ 1,500
Months before first payment after closing			24 months
Minimum loan to value ratio, percent			50%
Fixed charge coverage ratio		1.25	1.25
Debt service reserve term of future payments			6 months
Minimum working capital required for compliance, per gallon (in dollars per gallon) | $ / gal			0.10
Minimum working capital required for compliance			$ 95,800
$75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement | Green Plains Wood River and Green Plains Shenandoah | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused capacity fee, percentage			0%
$75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement | Green Plains Wood River and Green Plains Shenandoah | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused capacity fee, percentage			1.50%
$60.0 Million Term Loan | Partnership
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Option to prepay per quarter, amount	$ 1,500
Option for prepayment, period after closing date	12 months
Debt prepayment cost		$ 1,500	$ 1,500
$60.0 Million Term Loan | Minimum | Partnership
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Minimum debt service coverage ratio		1.10	1.10
$60.0 Million Term Loan | Maximum | Partnership
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum consolidated leverage ratio		2.50	2.50
$60.0 Million Term Loan | LIBOR | Partnership
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage		13.67%	13.67%
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage	8.26%

Stock-Based Compensation - Narr

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Feb. 19, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized		5,700,000		5,700,000
Number of shares remaining available		1,400,000		1,400,000
Compensation costs expensed		$ 2.7	$ 2.4	$ 9.4	$ 6.6
Unrecognized compensation costs		$ 18.6		$ 18.6
Compensation expected to be recognized, weighted-average period in years				1 year 6 months
Potential tax benefit, percentage				23.90%
Green Plains Partners Long-Term Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized		2,500,000		2,500,000
Performance Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Non-vested, shares outstanding (in shares)		404,740		404,740		482,811
Vested (in shares)				265,296
Performance Shares | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Target percentage				100%
Number of Shares authorized, achievement of maximum goals				904,418
Achievement of maximum goals percentage				223%
Non-vested, shares outstanding (in shares)		404,740		404,740
Performance Shares | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Target percentage				100%
Vested (in shares)	196,382
Vested target percentage	123%
Issuance of common stock (in shares)	241,589

Stock-Based Compensation - Non-

Stock-Based Compensation - Non-Vested Stock Award and Deferred Stock Unit Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Awards And Deferred Stock Units	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Non-Vested ‎ Shares and ‎ Deferred Stock ‎Units
Non-vested, beginning balance (in shares) | shares	813,033
Granted (in shares) | shares	288,755
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(42,078)
Vested (in shares) | shares	(457,502)
Non-vested, ending balance (in shares) | shares	602,208
Weighted- ‎Average Grant- ‎Date Fair Value
Non-vested, beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 19.98
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	34.07
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	29.42
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	13.63
Non-vested, ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 30.90
Non-vested, weighted-average remaining vesting term (in years)	1 year 6 months

Stock-Based Compensation - No_2

Stock-Based Compensation - Non-Vested Performance Share Award Activity (Details) - Performance Shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Performance ‎Shares
Non-vested, beginning balance (in shares) | shares	482,811
Granted (in shares) | shares	200,294
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(13,069)
Vested (in shares) | shares	(265,296)
Non-vested, ending balance (in shares) | shares	404,740
Weighted- ‎Average Grant- ‎Date Fair Value
Non-vested, beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 18.22
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	27.74
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	27.50
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	6.21
Non-vested, ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 30.51
Non-vested, weighted-average remaining vesting term (in years)	1 year 6 months

Stock-Based Compensation - No_3

Stock-Based Compensation - Non-Vested Unit-based Awards Activity (Details) - Non-vested Unit Based Awards Activity	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Performance ‎Shares
Non-vested, beginning balance (in shares) | shares	19,707
Granted (in shares) | shares	18,549
Vested (in shares) | shares	(19,707)
Non-vested, ending balance (in shares) | shares	18,549
Weighted- ‎Average Grant- ‎Date Fair Value
Non-vested, beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 12.18
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	12.94
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	12.18
Non-vested, ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 12.94
Non-vested, weighted-average remaining vesting term (in years)	9 months 18 days

Earnings Per Share (Details)

Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 01, 2022	Aug. 24, 2022	Jul. 08, 2022	May 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2019	May 31, 2019	Aug. 31, 2016
EPS - basic
Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains	$ 22,311	$ (73,526)	$ (100,617)	$ (88,602)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	58,910,000	57,677,000	58,780,000	54,550,000
EPS - basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.38	$ (1.27)	$ (1.71)	$ (1.62)
EPS - diluted:
Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains	$ 22,311	$ (73,526)	$ (100,617)	$ (88,602)
Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains - diluted	$ 23,512	$ (73,526)	$ (100,617)	$ (88,602)
Effect of dilutive convertible debt:
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	67,402,000	57,677,000	58,780,000	54,550,000
EPS - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.35	$ (1.27)	$ (1.71)	$ (1.62)
Anti-dilutive weighted-average convertible debt, warrants and stock-based compensation (in shares)	0	8,660,000	8,516,000	8,571,000
Warrants
Effect of dilutive convertible debt:
Effect of dilutive debt, warrants, stock based compensation awards awards (in shares)	837,000	0	0	0
Share-Based Payment Arrangement
Effect of dilutive convertible debt:
Effect of dilutive debt, warrants, stock based compensation awards awards (in shares)	382,000	0	0	0
4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022 | Convertible Notes
Earnings Per Share, Diluted, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage					4.125%
4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022 | Convertible Notes | Corporate Activities
Earnings Per Share, Diluted, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage						4.125%				4.125%		4.125%
4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024 | Convertible Notes | Corporate Activities
Earnings Per Share, Diluted, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage							4%	4%		4%	4%
2.25% Convertible Notes Due 2027 | Convertible Notes | Corporate Activities
Earnings Per Share, Diluted, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	2.25%	2.25%	2.25%	2.25%					2.25%
EPS - diluted:
Convertible notes	$ 1,201	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Effect of dilutive convertible debt:
Effect of dilutive debt, warrants, stock based compensation awards awards (in shares)	7,273,000	0	0	0

Stockholders' Equity - Narrativ

Stockholders' Equity - Narrative (Details) - Convertible Notes - USD ($) $ in Millions					1 Months Ended
	Sep. 01, 2022	Jul. 08, 2022	May 25, 2022	Mar. 25, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022	May 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2019	Aug. 31, 2016	Aug. 24, 2022	May 31, 2019
4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	4.125%
Common stock for conversion (in shares)	15,000				1,200,000
Exchange of convertible notes due	$ 1.7
Corporate Activities | 4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage		4%				4%	4%			4%
Debt conversion amount		$ 64	$ 64			$ 51
Convertible rate				6.64178%			6.4154%
Common stock for conversion (in shares)		4,300,000				3,600,000
Exchange of convertible notes due		$ 64
Corporate Activities | 4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage							4.125%	4.125%	4.125%
Debt conversion amount	$ 1.7				$ 32.6
Convertible rate								3.57143%
Common stock for conversion (in shares)	15,000				1,200,000
Corporate Activities | 4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022 | Cash Settlement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exchange of convertible notes due	$ 1.7

Stockholders' Equity - Schedule

Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Stockholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 925,852	$ 973,037	$ 1,061,066	$ 1,081,729	$ 1,042,607	$ 1,102,019	$ 1,061,066	$ 1,102,019
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares)			2,805,059				2,805,059
Net loss	26,292	(48,320)	$ (66,249)	(67,903)	52,720	(55,872)	$ (88,277)	(71,055)
Cash dividends and distributions declared	(5,663)	(6,497)	(5,305)	(5,247)	(8,098)	(5,122)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification	14,469	710	(12,788)	7,740	(10,535)	5,386
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	10,767	3,602	1,701	(1,662)	2,515	(1,965)	16,070	(1,112)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	25,236	4,312	(11,087)	6,078	(8,020)	3,421	18,461	1,479
Exchange of convertible notes due 2022				32,967
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Redemption of 4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024				63,038
Investment in subsidiaries	65	8
Investment in subsidiaries			185	199	190	24
Stock-based compensation	2,714	3,312	(5,573)	2,373	2,330	(1,863)
Ending balance	974,496	925,852	973,037	1,113,234	1,081,729	1,042,607	974,496	1,113,234
Total Green Plains Stockholders' Equity
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	777,948	822,988	910,031	931,173	890,525	950,500	910,031	950,500
Net loss	22,311	(52,604)	(70,324)	(73,526)	46,398	(61,474)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification	14,469	710	(12,788)	7,740	(10,535)	5,386
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	10,767	3,602	1,701	(1,662)	2,515	(1,965)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	25,236	4,312	(11,087)	6,078	(8,020)	3,421
Exchange of convertible notes due 2022				32,967
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Redemption of 4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024				63,038
Stock-based compensation	2,654	3,252	(5,632)	2,312	2,270	(1,922)
Ending balance	$ 828,149	$ 777,948	$ 822,988	$ 962,042	$ 931,173	$ 890,525	$ 828,149	$ 962,042
Common Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Common stock, beginning balance (shares)	62,333,000	62,318,000	62,101,000	62,087,000	62,066,000	61,840,000	62,101,000	61,840,000
Beginning balance	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62
Stock-based compensation (in shares)	(15,000)	15,000	217,000	1,000	21,000	226,000
Common stock, ending balance (shares)	62,318,000	62,333,000	62,318,000	62,088,000	62,087,000	62,066,000	62,318,000	62,088,000
Ending balance	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62
Additional Paid-in Capital
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	1,107,771	1,104,519	1,110,151	1,069,921	1,067,651	1,069,573	1,110,151	1,069,573
Exchange of convertible notes due 2022				19,756
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Redemption of 4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024				15,797
Stock-based compensation	2,654	3,252	(5,632)	2,312	2,270	(1,922)
Ending balance	1,110,425	1,107,771	1,104,519	1,107,786	1,069,921	1,067,651	1,110,425	1,107,786
Retained Deficit
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(265,345)	(212,741)	(142,417)	(30,275)	(76,673)	(15,199)	(142,417)	(15,199)
Net loss	22,311	(52,604)	(70,324)	(73,526)	46,398	(61,474)
Ending balance	(243,034)	(265,345)	(212,741)	(103,801)	(30,275)	(76,673)	(243,034)	(103,801)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(33,366)	(37,678)	(26,591)	(16,909)	(8,889)	(12,310)	(26,591)	(12,310)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification	14,469	710	(12,788)	7,740	(10,535)	5,386
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	10,767	3,602	1,701	(1,662)	2,515	(1,965)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	25,236	4,312	(11,087)	6,078	(8,020)	3,421
Ending balance	(8,130)	(33,366)	(37,678)	(10,831)	(16,909)	(8,889)	(8,130)	(10,831)
Treasury Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (91,626)	$ (91,626)	$ (91,626)	$ (31,174)	$ (91,626)
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares)	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000	8,244,000	8,244,000	8,244,000	2,805,000	8,244,000
Redemption of 4.00% convertible notes due 2024 (in shares)				(4,251,000)
Exchange of convertible notes due 2022				$ 13,211
Exchange of convertible notes due 2022 (in shares)				(1,188,000)
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Redemption of 4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024				$ 47,241
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares)	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000	8,244,000	8,244,000	2,805,000	2,805,000
Ending balance	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (91,626)	$ (91,626)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)
Non- Controlling Interests
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	147,904	150,049	151,035	150,556	152,082	151,519	151,035	151,519
Net loss	3,981	4,284	4,075	5,623	6,322	5,602
Cash dividends and distributions declared	(5,663)	(6,497)	(5,305)	(5,247)	(8,098)	(5,122)
Investment in subsidiaries	65	8
Investment in subsidiaries			185	199	190	24
Stock-based compensation	60	60	59	61	60	59
Ending balance	$ 146,347	$ 147,904	$ 150,049	$ 151,192	$ 150,556	$ 152,082	$ 146,347	$ 151,192

Stockholders' Equity - Reclassi

Stockholders' Equity - Reclassification From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 892,770			$ 954,977			$ 2,583,351	$ 2,748,806
Income tax expense (benefit)	(7,763)			(1,888)			(5,353)	(146)
Net income (loss)	26,292	$ (48,320)	$ (66,249)	(67,903)	$ 52,720	$ (55,872)	(88,277)	(71,055)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Income tax expense (benefit)	3,384			(536)			5,053	(359)
Net income (loss)	(10,767)			1,662			(16,070)	1,112
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Accumulated Gain (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Including Noncontrolling Interest
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Income (loss) before income taxes and income from equity method investees	(14,151)			2,198			(21,123)	1,471
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Commodity contracts | Accumulated Gain (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Including Noncontrolling Interest
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Revenues	(917)			6,958			(2,435)	5,219
Cost of goods sold	$ (13,234)			$ (4,760)			$ (18,688)	$ (3,748)

Income Taxes (Details)

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 16, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Incentives related tax credits	$ 370,000,000
Income tax benefit		$ 7,763	$ 1,888	$ 5,353	$ 146
Prior period reclassification adjustment	$ 1,000,000

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Trading Activity, Gains and Losses, Net [Line Items]
Contracted future purchases	$ 205.8
Future commitments for storage and transportation value	$ 27.2
Minimum
Trading Activity, Gains and Losses, Net [Line Items]
Operating lease remaining lease term	1 year
Maximum
Trading Activity, Gains and Losses, Net [Line Items]
Operating lease remaining lease term	14 years 1 month 6 days

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 7,155	$ 5,220	$ 20,744	$ 15,608
Variable lease expense (benefit)	211	776	(96)	1,181
Total lease expense	$ 7,366	$ 5,996	$ 20,648	$ 16,789

Commitments and Contingencies_3

Commitments and Contingencies - Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related To Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 07, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flow from operating leases		$ 7,075	$ 4,949	$ 19,914	$ 14,823
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating leases		4,330	1,428	27,786	13,151
Right-of-use assets and lease obligations derecognized due to lease modifications: Operating leases		3,428	0	3,428	0
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Right-of-use assets and lease obligations derecognized due to lease modifications: Operating leases		$ 3,428	$ 0	$ 3,428	$ 0
Atkinson Transaction | Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Right-of-use assets and lease obligations derecognized due to lease modifications: Operating leases	$ 3,400
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Right-of-use assets and lease obligations derecognized due to lease modifications: Operating leases	$ 3,400

Commitments and Contingencies_4

Commitments and Contingencies - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Operating Leases (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term	4 years 7 months 6 days	4 years 10 months 24 days
Weighted average discount rate	5.09%	4.32%

Commitments and Contingencies_5

Commitments and Contingencies - Aggregate Minimum Lease Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2022	$ 7,334
2023	25,824
2024	21,256
2025	14,808
2026	11,312
Thereafter	12,809
Total	93,343
Less: Present value discount	(10,711)
Lease liabilities	$ 82,632