Green Plains (GPRE) 10-Q 31 Oct 24 2024 Q3 Quarterly report Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Oct. 28, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-32924
Entity Registrant Name	GREEN PLAINS INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	IA
Entity Tax Identification Number	84-1652107
Entity Address, Address Line One	1811 Aksarben Drive
Entity Address, City or Town	Omaha
Entity Address, State or Province	NE
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	68106
City Area Code	402
Local Phone Number	884-8700
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
Trading Symbol	GPRE
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		64,651,183
Entity Central Index Key	0001309402
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 227,460	$ 349,574
Restricted cash	24,500	29,188
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $293 and $85, respectively	74,738	94,446
Income taxes receivable	737	822
Inventories	193,596	215,810
Prepaid expenses and other	16,352	23,118
Derivative financial instruments	23,984	19,772
Total current assets	561,367	732,730
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation ‎and amortization of $730,948 and $686,077, respectively	1,025,448	1,021,928
Operating lease right-of-use assets	71,066	73,993
Other assets	102,073	110,671
Total assets	1,759,954	1,939,322
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	108,227	186,643
Accrued and other liabilities	50,081	57,029
Derivative financial instruments	9,169	10,577
Operating lease current liabilities	23,654	22,908
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings	123,116	105,973
Current maturities of long-term debt	1,875	1,832
Total current liabilities	316,122	384,962
Long-term debt	431,189	491,918
Operating lease long-term liabilities	49,194	53,879
Other liabilities	24,488	18,507
Total liabilities	820,993	949,266
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized; ‎67,457,478 and 62,326,622 shares issued, and 64,652,419 ‎and 59,521,563 shares outstanding, respectively	67	62
Additional paid-in capital	1,216,399	1,113,806
Retained deficit	(263,363)	(235,801)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	3,583	(3,160)
Treasury stock, 2,805,059 shares	(31,174)	(31,174)
Total Green Plains stockholders' equity	925,512	843,733
Noncontrolling interests	13,449	146,323
Total stockholders' equity	938,961	990,056
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 1,759,954	$ 1,939,322

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, allowances	$ 293	$ 85
Property and equipment, accumulated depreciation and amortization	$ 730,948	$ 686,077
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	67,457,478	62,326,622
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	64,652,419	59,521,563
Treasury stock (in shares)		2,805,059

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 658,735	$ 892,770	$ 1,874,774	$ 2,583,351
Costs and expenses
Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses reflected below)	580,626	818,008	1,750,475	2,492,427
Selling, general and administrative expenses	26,710	35,340	92,429	100,510
Gain on sale of assets	(30,723)	(5,651)	(30,723)	(5,651)
Depreciation and amortization expenses	26,070	23,899	69,141	73,911
Total costs and expenses	602,683	871,596	1,881,322	2,661,197
Operating income (loss)	56,052	21,174	(6,548)	(77,846)
Other income (expense)
Interest income	1,737	2,467	5,737	8,403
Interest expense	(10,089)	(9,550)	(25,369)	(29,029)
Other, net	478	4,282	1,272	4,310
Total other income (expense)	(7,874)	(2,801)	(18,360)	(16,316)
Income (loss) before income taxes and income (loss) from equity method investees	48,178	18,373	(24,908)	(94,162)
Income tax benefit	825	7,763	769	5,353
Income (loss) from equity method investees, net of income taxes	(366)	156	(2,384)	532
Net income (loss)	48,637	26,292	(26,523)	(88,277)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	437	3,981	1,039	12,340
Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains	$ 48,200	$ 22,311	$ (27,562)	$ (100,617)
Earnings per share
Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains - basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.75	$ 0.38	$ (0.43)	$ (1.71)
EPS - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.69	$ 0.35	$ (0.43)	$ (1.71)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic (in shares)	63,946	58,910	63,741	58,780
Diluted (in shares)	71,660	67,402	63,741	58,780

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ 48,637	$ 26,292	$ (26,523)	$ (88,277)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives arising during the period, net of tax benefit (expense) of ($121), ($4,547), $2,001 and ($746), respectively	338	14,469	(6,362)	2,391
Reclassification of realized losses on derivatives, net of tax benefit of ($1,890), ($3,384), ($4,122) and ($5,053), respectively	6,052	10,767	13,105	16,070
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	6,390	25,236	6,743	18,461
Comprehensive income (loss)	55,027	51,528	(19,780)	(69,816)
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	437	3,981	1,039	12,340
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Green Plains	$ 54,590	$ 47,547	$ (20,819)	$ (82,156)

Consolidated Statements of Co_2

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Tax (expense) benefit on unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives arising during the period	$ (121)	$ (4,547)	$ 2,001	$ (746)
Tax (expense) benefit on reclassification of realized losses (gains) on derivatives	$ (1,890)	$ (3,384)	$ (4,122)	$ (5,053)

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$ (26,523)	$ (88,277)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	69,141	73,911
Amortization of debt issuance costs and non-cash interest expense	1,758	2,172
Gain on sale of assets	(30,723)	(5,651)
Inventory lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment	10,086	1,663
Loss on extinguishment debt	1,763	0
Deferred income taxes	(2,122)	(5,799)
Stock-based compensation	10,162	9,413
Loss (income) from equity method investees, net of income taxes	2,384	(532)
Other	404	1,374
Changes in operating assets and liabilities before effects of asset dispositions
Accounts receivable	19,185	(34,180)
Inventories	12,837	65,480
Derivative financial instruments	3,245	2,187
Prepaid expenses and other assets	5,541	(3,635)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(80,514)	(76,134)
Current income taxes	577	1,094
Other	(197)	1,528
Net cash used in operating activities	(2,996)	(55,386)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment, net	(67,825)	(77,876)
Proceeds from the sale of assets	48,879	25,106
Investment in equity method investees	(15,672)	(16,299)
Net cash used in investing activities	(34,618)	(69,069)
Cash flows from financing activities
Payments of principal on long-term debt	(61,230)	(4,325)
Proceeds from short-term borrowings	544,525	1,027,268
Payments on short-term borrowings	(528,128)	(1,006,163)
Debt prepayment cost	(29,196)	0
Payments of transaction costs	(5,951)	0
Payments of dividends and distributions	0	(17,465)
Payments of loan fees	(1,544)	(16)
Payments related to tax withholdings for stock-based compensation	(4,604)	(8,960)
Other financing activities	(3,060)	0
Net cash used in financing activities	(89,188)	(9,661)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(126,802)	(134,116)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	378,762	500,276
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	251,960	366,160
Reconciliation of total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents	227,460	326,701
Restricted cash	24,500	39,459
Total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash	251,960	366,160
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow
Assets disposed of in sale	21,358	22,314
Less: liabilities relinquished	(3,456)	(3,984)
Net assets disposed	17,902	18,330
Cash paid for income taxes, net	631	787
Cash paid for interest	25,608	28,160
Capital expenditures in accounts payable	6,103	3,940
Capital expenditures in other liabilities	7,213	0
Issuance of common stock as a result of the Merger	5	0
Non-cash extinguishment of non-controlling interest within additional paid-in capital	133,765	0
Non-cash ARO additions	$ 1,460	$ 2,777

Basis of Presentation, Descript

Basis of Presentation, Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation, Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	BASIS OF PRESENTATION, DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES References to the Company References to “Green Plains” or the “company” in the consolidated financial statements and in these notes to the consolidated financial statements refer to Green Plains Inc., an Iowa corporation, and its subsidiaries. Consolidated Financial Statements The consolidated financial statements include the company’s accounts, and all significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated. Unconsolidated entities are included in the financial statements on an equity basis. On January 9, 2024, the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement were completed and the company acquired all of the publicly held common units of the partnership not already owned by the company and its affiliates. Refer to Note 3 – Merger and Dispositions included herein for more information. The company also owns a majority interest in FQT, with their results being consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Because they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements, the unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 9, 2024. The unaudited financial information reflects adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented. The adjustments are normal and recurring in nature, unless otherwise noted. Interim period results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year. Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications did not affect total revenues, costs and expenses or net income, but increased cost of goods sold and decreased gross margin, within the ethanol production segment. Costs historically reported as operations and maintenance expenses in the consolidated statements of operations are now being reported within cost of goods sold. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The company bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions it believes are proper and reasonable under the circumstances and regularly evaluates the appropriateness of its estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain accounting policies, including but not limited to those relating to derivative financial instruments and accounting for income taxes, are impacted significantly by judgments, assumptions and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Description of Business The company operates within two operating segments: (1) ethanol production, which includes the production, storage and transportation of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil and (2) agribusiness and energy services, which includes grain handling and storage, commodity marketing and merchant trading for company-produced and third-party ethanol, distillers grains, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities. As a result of the Merger, the partnership's operations are included in the ethanol production operating segment. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include bank deposits as well as short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Restricted Cash The company has restricted cash, which can only be used for funding letters of credit and for payment towards a credit agreement. Restricted cash also includes cash margins and securities pledged to commodity exchange clearinghouses. To the degree these segregated balances are cash and cash equivalents, they are considered restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets. Revenue Recognition The company recognizes revenue when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Sales, value add, and other taxes the company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Sales of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities by the company’s marketing business are recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services. Revenues related to marketing for third parties are presented on a gross basis as the company controls the product prior to the sale to the end customer, takes title of the product and has inventory risk. Unearned revenue is recorded for goods in transit when the company has received payment, but control has not yet been transferred to the customer. Revenues for receiving, storing, transferring and transporting ethanol and other fuels are recognized when the product is delivered to the customer. The company routinely enters into physical-delivery energy commodity purchase and sale agreements. At times, the company settles these transactions by transferring its obligations to other counterparties rather than delivering the physical commodity. Revenues include net gains or losses from derivatives related to products sold while cost of goods sold includes net gains or losses from derivatives related to commodities purchased. Revenues also include realized gains and losses on related derivative financial instruments and reclassifications of realized gains and losses on cash flow hedges from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Sales of products are recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer, which depends on the agreed upon shipment or delivery terms. Shipping and Handling Costs The company accounts for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill its promise to transfer the associated products. Accordingly, the company records customer payments associated with shipping and handling costs as a component of revenue and classifies such costs as a component of cost of goods sold. Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold includes materials, direct labor, shipping, plant overhead and transportation costs. Materials include the cost of corn feedstock, denaturant, and process chemicals. Corn feedstock costs include gains and losses on related derivative financial instruments not designated as cash flow hedges, inbound freight charges, inspection costs and transfer costs, as well as reclassifications of gains and losses on cash flow hedges from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Direct labor includes all compensation and related benefits of non-management personnel involved in production. Shipping costs incurred by the company, including railcar costs, are also reflected in cost of goods sold. Plant overhead consists primarily of plant utilities, repairs and maintenance and outbound freight charges. Transportation costs include railcar leases, freight and shipping of the company's products, as well as storage costs incurred at destination terminals. The company uses exchange-traded futures and options contracts and forward purchase and sale contracts to attempt to minimize the effect of price changes on ethanol, renewable corn oil, grain and natural gas. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued at quoted market prices and settled predominantly in cash. The company is exposed to loss when counterparties default on forward purchase and sale contracts. Grain inventories held for sale and forward purchase and sale contracts are valued at market prices when available or other market quotes adjusted for basis differences, primarily in transportation, between the exchange-traded market and local market where the terms of the contract are based. Changes in forward purchase contracts and exchange-traded futures and options contracts are recognized as a component of cost of goods sold. Derivative Financial Instruments The company uses various derivative financial instruments, including exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and over-the-counter options contracts, to attempt to minimize risk and the effect of commodity price changes including but not limited to, corn, ethanol, natural gas and other agricultural and energy products. The company monitors and manages this exposure as part of its overall risk management policy to reduce the adverse effect market volatility may have on its operating results. The company may hedge these commodities as one way to mitigate risk; however, there may be situations when these hedging activities themselves result in losses. By using derivatives to hedge exposures to changes in commodity prices, the company is exposed to credit and market risk. The company’s exposure to credit risk includes the counterparty’s failure to fulfill its performance obligations under the terms of the derivative contract. The company minimizes its credit risk by entering into transactions with high quality counterparties, limiting the amount of financial exposure it has with each counterparty and monitoring their financial condition. Market risk is the risk that the value of the financial instrument might be adversely affected by a change in commodity prices or interest rates. The company manages market risk by incorporating parameters to monitor exposure within its risk management strategy, which limits the types of derivative instruments and strategies the company can use and the degree of market risk it can take using derivative instruments. Forward contracts are recorded at fair value unless the contracts qualify for, and the company elects, normal purchase or sale exceptions. Changes in fair value are recorded in operating income unless the contracts qualify for, and the company elects, cash flow hedge accounting treatment. Certain qualifying derivatives related to ethanol production and agribusiness and energy services are designated as cash flow hedges. The company evaluates the derivative instrument to ascertain its effectiveness prior to entering into cash flow hedges. Unrealized gains and losses are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss until the gain or loss from the underlying hedged transaction is realized and the physical transaction is completed. When it becomes probable a forecasted transaction will not occur, the cash flow hedge treatment is discontinued, which affects earnings. These derivative financial instruments are recognized in current assets or current liabilities at fair value. At times, the company hedges its exposure to changes in inventory values and designates qualifying derivatives as fair value hedges. The carrying amount of the hedged inventory is adjusted in the current period for changes in fair value. Estimated fair values carried at market are based on exchange-quoted prices, adjusted as appropriate for regional location basis values which represent differences in local markets including transportation as well as quality or grade differences. Basis values are generally determined using inputs from broker quotations or other market transactions. However, a portion of the value may be derived using unobservable inputs. Ineffectiveness of the hedges is recognized in the current period to the extent the change in fair value of the inventory is not offset by the change in fair value of the derivative. Investments in Equity Method Investees The company's equity method investments, which consist primarily of the company's 50% investment in GP Turnkey Tharaldson, including additional contributions during 2024, totaled $53.3 million and $41.7 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and are reflected in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. Interest capitalized related to our equity method investments for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $0.8 million.

Revenue

Revenue	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue	REVENUE Revenue by Source The following tables disaggregate revenue by major source (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 19,597 4,521 — 24,118 Renewable corn oil — — — — Other 12,919 2,015 — 14,934 Intersegment revenues 1,075 69 (1,144) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 33,591 6,605 (1,144) 39,052 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 439,981 76,014 — 515,995 Distillers grains 53,915 8,618 — 62,533 Renewable corn oil 35,859 3,346 — 39,205 Other 1,293 657 — 1,950 Intersegment revenues — 6,620 (6,620) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 531,048 95,255 (6,620) 619,683 Total Revenues $ 564,639 $ 101,860 $ (7,764) $ 658,735 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 67,676 5,039 — 72,715 Renewable corn oil — — — — Other 42,536 6,483 — 49,019 Intersegment revenues 3,467 233 (3,700) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 113,679 11,755 (3,700) 121,734 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 1,177,189 235,512 — 1,412,701 Distillers grains 195,683 23,871 — 219,554 Renewable corn oil 103,424 3,346 — 106,770 Other 5,766 8,249 — 14,015 Intersegment revenues — 19,072 (19,072) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 1,482,062 290,050 (19,072) 1,753,040 Total Revenues $ 1,595,741 $ 301,805 $ (22,772) $ 1,874,774 Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 22,664 — — 22,664 Renewable corn oil — — — — Other 6,809 3,437 — 10,246 Intersegment revenues 1,208 57 (1,265) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 30,681 3,494 (1,265) 32,910 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 607,113 99,008 — 706,121 Distillers grains 81,288 5,900 — 87,188 Renewable corn oil 49,872 7,327 — 57,199 Other 6,575 2,777 — 9,352 Intersegment revenues — 6,575 (6,575) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 744,848 121,587 (6,575) 859,860 Total Revenues $ 775,529 $ 125,081 $ (7,840) $ 892,770 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 65,258 — — 65,258 Renewable corn oil — — — — Other 25,868 13,709 — 39,577 Intersegment revenues 3,446 151 (3,597) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 94,572 13,860 (3,597) 104,835 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 1,656,688 306,134 — 1,962,822 Distillers grains 297,189 28,715 — 325,904 Renewable corn oil 131,893 8,048 — 139,941 Other 21,840 28,009 — 49,849 Intersegment revenues — 18,524 (18,524) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 2,107,610 389,430 (18,524) 2,478,516 Total Revenues $ 2,202,182 $ 403,290 $ (22,121) $ 2,583,351 (1) Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives represent physically settled derivative sales that are outside the scope of ASC 606. Major Customers Revenues from Customer A represented 13% of total revenues for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 recorded within the ethanol production segment. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, Customer A represented 14% of total revenues recorded within the ethanol production segment.

ACQUISITION

ACQUISITION	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]
ACQUISITION	MERGER AND DISPOSITIONS Green Plains Partners Merger On January 9, 2024, the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement were completed and the company issued approximately 4.7 million shares of common stock to acquire all of the publicly held common units of the partnership not already owned by the company prior to the Merger at a fixed exchange ratio of 0.405 shares of the company's common stock, par value $0.001 per share, along with $2.50 of cash consideration for each partnership common unit. The total consideration as a result of the Merger was $143.1 million, which was comprised of $29.2 million in cash and $113.9 million of common stock exchanged. As a result of the Merger, the partnership's common units are no longer publicly traded. The interests in the partnership owned by the company and its subsidiaries remain outstanding as limited partner interests in the surviving entity. The General Partner of the partnership will continue to own the non-economic general partner interest in the surviving entity. Since the company controlled the partnership prior to the Merger and continues to control the partnership after the Merger, the company accounted for the change in its ownership interest in the partnership as an equity transaction during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which is reflected as a reduction of non-controlling interest with a corresponding increase to common stock and additional paid-in capital. No gain or loss was recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as a result of the Merger. Prior to the effective time of the Merger on January 9, 2024, public unitholders owned a 49.2% limited partner interest, the company owned a 48.8% limited partner interest and a 2.0% general partner interest in the partnership. The earnings of the partnership that were attributed to its common units held by the public for the year ended December 31, 2023 are reflected in net income attributable to non-controlling interest in the consolidated statements of operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the non-controlling interest attributed to the partnership common units held by the public of $133.8 million were recorded as a reduction of non-controlling interest with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital. The company incurred transaction costs of $5.5 million related to the Merger during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $2.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. These costs were directly related to the Merger consisting primarily of financial advisory services, legal services and other professional fees, and were recorded as an offset to the issuance of common stock within additional paid-in capital. Disposition of Birmingham Terminal On September 30, 2024, the company completed the sale of the terminal located in Birmingham, Alabama and certain related assets and transfer of liabilities (the "Birmingham Transaction") for a sale price of $47.5 million, plus working capital of $1.4 million. The company recorded a pretax gain on the sale of $30.7 million. The proceeds from the sale were used to repay the outstanding balance of the Green Plains Partners term loan due July 20, 2026. The assets sold and liabilities transferred of the Birmingham Transaction at closing on September 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands): Amounts of Identifiable Assets Disposed and Liabilities Relinquished Accounts receivable $ 315 Prepaid expenses and other 1,225 Property and equipment 7,012 Operating lease right-of-use assets 2,208 Goodwill 10,598 Accounts payable (112) Accrued and other liabilities (49) Operating lease current liabilities (427) Operating lease long-term liabilities (2,312) Other liabilities (556) Total identifiable net assets disposed 17,902 The amounts reflected above represent amounts subject to post-closing working capital adjustments, which had not yet occurred as of September 30, 2024. Disposition of the Atkinson Ethanol Plant On September 7, 2023, the company completed the sale of the plant located in Atkinson, Nebraska and certain related assets and transfer of liabilities (the "Atkinson Transaction") for a sale price of $22.9 million, plus working capital of $1.1 million. Correspondingly, the company entered into a separate asset purchase agreement with the partnership for $2.1 million to acquire the storage assets and the associated railcar operating leases. The divested assets were reported within the company’s ethanol production and agribusiness and energy services segments. The company recorded a pretax gain on the sale of the Atkinson plant of $4.1 million recorded within corporate activities. The assets sold and liabilities transferred of the Atkinson Transaction at closing on September 7, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Amounts of Identifiable Assets Disposed and Liabilities Relinquished Inventories 3,164 Prepaid expenses and other 423 Property and equipment 15,199 Operating lease right-of-use assets 3,428 Accrued and other liabilities (162) Operating lease current liabilities (1,332) Operating lease long-term liabilities (2,096) Other liabilities (189) Total identifiable net assets disposed 18,435

Fair Value Disclosures

Fair Value Disclosures	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Disclosures	FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES The following methods, assumptions and valuation techniques were used in estimating the fair value of the company’s financial instruments: Level 1 – unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities the company can access at the measurement date. Level 2 – directly or indirectly observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets other than quoted prices included within Level 1, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or can be substantially corroborated by observable market data through correlation or other means. Grain inventories held for sale in the agribusiness and energy services segment as well as forward commodity purchase and sale contracts are valued at nearby futures values, plus or minus nearby basis values, which represent differences in local markets, including transportation or commodity quality or grade differences. Level 3 – unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and comprise a significant component of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The company currently does not have any recurring Level 3 financial instruments. Derivative contracts include exchange-traded commodity futures and options contracts and forward commodity purchase and sale contracts. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are classified in Level 1. The majority of the company’s exchange-traded futures and options contracts are cash-settled on a daily basis. There have been no changes in valuation techniques and inputs used in measuring fair value. The company’s assets and liabilities by level are as follows (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2024 Quoted Prices in Significant Other Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 227,460 $ — $ 227,460 Restricted cash 24,500 — 24,500 Inventories carried at market — 32,336 32,336 Derivative financial instruments - assets — 6,554 6,554 Other assets — 15 15 Total assets measured at fair value $ 251,960 $ 38,905 $ 290,865 Liabilities Accounts payable (1) $ — $ 20,794 $ 20,794 Accrued and other liabilities (2) — 2,094 2,094 Derivative financial instruments - liabilities — 9,169 9,169 Other liabilities (2) — 1,138 1,138 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ — $ 33,195 $ 33,195 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023 Quoted Prices in Significant Other Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 349,574 $ — $ 349,574 Restricted cash 29,188 — 29,188 Inventories carried at market — 45,898 45,898 Derivative financial instruments - assets — 13,311 13,311 Total assets measured at fair value $ 378,762 $ 59,209 $ 437,971 Liabilities Accounts payable (1) $ — $ 54,716 $ 54,716 Accrued and other liabilities (2) — 9,917 9,917 Derivative financial instruments - liabilities — 10,577 10,577 Other liabilities (2) — 659 659 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ — $ 75,869 $ 75,869 (1) Accounts payable is generally stated at historical amounts with the exception of $20.8 million and $54.7 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, related to certain delivered inventory for which the payable fluctuates based on changes in commodity prices. These payables are hybrid financial instruments for which the company has elected the fair value option. (2) As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, accrued and other liabilities includes $2.1 million and $9.9 million and other liabilities includes $1.0 million and $0.7 million of consideration related to potential earn-out payments recorded at fair value. As of September 30, 2024, the fair value of the company’s debt was approximately $509.8 million compared with a book value of $556.2 million. At December 31, 2023, the fair value of the company’s debt was approximately $585.0 million compared with a book value of $599.7 million. The company estimated the fair value of its outstanding debt using Level 2 inputs. The company believes the fair value of its accounts receivable approximated book value, which was $74.7 million and $94.4 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Although the company currently does not have any recurring Level 3 financial measurements, the fair values of tangible assets and goodwill acquired represent Level 3 measurements which were derived using a combination of the income approach, market approach and cost approach for the specific assets or liabilities being valued.

Segment Information

Segment Information	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Information	SEGMENT INFORMATION The company reports the financial and operating performance for the following two operating segments: (1) ethanol production, which includes the production, storage and transportation of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil and (2) agribusiness and energy services, which includes grain handling and storage, commodity marketing and merchant trading for company-produced and third-party ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities. As a result of the Merger, the partnership's operations are included in the ethanol production operating segment. The following changes were made to the company's operating segments: • The revenue and operating results from fuel storage and transportation services previously disclosed within the partnership segment are now included within the ethanol production segment. • Intersegment activities between the partnership and Green Plains Trade associated with ethanol storage and transportation services previously treated like third-party transactions and eliminated on a consolidated level are now eliminated within the ethanol production segment. Intersegment activities between the partnership and Green Plains Trade associated with terminal services transacted with the agribusiness and energy services segment will continue to be eliminated on a consolidated level. Corporate activities include selling, general and administrative expenses, consisting primarily of compensation, professional fees and overhead costs not directly related to a specific operating segment, as well as gain on sale of assets. During the normal course of business, the operating segments conduct business with each other. For example, the agribusiness and energy services segment procures grain and natural gas and sells products, including ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil for the ethanol production segment. These intersegment activities are treated like third-party transactions with origination, marketing and storage fees charged at estimated market values. Consequently, these transactions affect segment performance; however, they do not impact the company’s consolidated results since the revenues and corresponding costs are eliminated. The following tables set forth certain financial data for the company’s operating segments (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenues Ethanol production Revenues from external customers $ 563,564 $ 774,321 $ 1,592,274 $ 2,198,736 Intersegment revenues 1,075 1,208 3,467 3,446 Total segment revenues 564,639 775,529 1,595,741 2,202,182 Agribusiness and energy services Revenues from external customers 95,171 118,449 282,500 384,615 Intersegment revenues 6,689 6,632 19,305 18,675 Total segment revenues 101,860 125,081 301,805 403,290 Revenues including intersegment activity 666,499 900,610 1,897,546 2,605,472 Intersegment eliminations (7,764) (7,840) (22,772) (22,121) $ 658,735 $ 892,770 $ 1,874,774 $ 2,583,351 Refer to Note 2 – Revenue , for further disaggregation of revenue by operating segment. Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Cost of goods sold Ethanol production (1) $ 498,326 $ 716,556 $ 1,501,681 $ 2,142,567 Agribusiness and energy services 90,064 109,292 271,566 371,981 Intersegment eliminations (7,764) (7,840) (22,772) (22,121) $ 580,626 $ 818,008 $ 1,750,475 $ 2,492,427 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Gross margin Ethanol production (1) (3) $ 66,313 $ 58,973 $ 94,060 $ 59,615 Agribusiness and energy services 11,796 15,789 30,239 31,309 $ 78,109 $ 74,762 $ 124,299 $ 90,924 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Depreciation and amortization Ethanol production $ 21,444 $ 22,596 $ 62,522 $ 69,603 Agribusiness and energy services 505 534 1,507 1,883 Corporate activities (2) 4,121 769 5,112 2,425 $ 26,070 $ 23,899 $ 69,141 $ 73,911 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Operating income (loss) Ethanol production (3) $ 35,240 $ 23,931 $ (626) $ (43,158) Agribusiness and energy services 7,830 11,313 16,000 17,612 Corporate activities (4) 12,982 (14,070) (21,922) (52,300) $ 56,052 $ 21,174 $ (6,548) $ (77,846) (1) Costs historically reported as operations and maintenance expenses in the consolidated statements of operations are now being reported within cost of goods sold, resulting in increased cost of goods sold and decreased gross margin within the ethanol production segment. (2) Depreciation and amortization for corporate activities includes impairment of a research and development technology intangible asset of $3.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. (3) Ethanol production includes an inventory lower of average cost or net realizable value adjustment of $10.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and of $1.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. (4) Corporate activities include a pretax gain on sale of assets of $30.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and of $5.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The following table sets forth total assets by operating segment (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Total assets (1) Ethanol production $ 1,300,845 $ 1,275,562 Agribusiness and energy services 301,409 413,937 Corporate assets 159,870 254,300 Intersegment eliminations (2,170) (4,477) $ 1,759,954 $ 1,939,322 (1)

Inventories

Inventories	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Inventories	INVENTORIES Inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value, except fair-value hedged inventories. Raw materials and finished goods inventories are valued under the first in, first out (FIFO) or weighted average cost method at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. The company recorded a $10.1 million and $2.6 million lower of cost or net realizable value inventory adjustment associated with finished goods in cost of goods sold within the ethanol production segment as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The components of inventories are as follows (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Finished goods $ 63,327 $ 73,975 Commodities held for sale 32,336 45,898 Raw materials 29,430 32,820 Work-in-process 12,677 14,454 Supplies and parts 55,826 48,663 $ 193,596 $ 215,810

Derivative Financial Instrument

Derivative Financial Instruments	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Financial Instruments	DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS At September 30, 2024, the company’s consolidated balance sheet reflected unrealized gains of $3.6 million, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income. The company expects these items will be reclassified as operating income over the next 12 months as a result of hedged transactions that are forecasted to occur. The amount realized in operating income will differ as commodity prices change. Fair Values of Derivative Instruments The fair values of the company’s derivative financial instruments and the line items on the consolidated balance sheets where they are reported are as follows (in thousands): Asset Derivatives' Liability Derivatives' September 30, December 31, September 30, December 31, Derivative financial instruments - forwards $ 6,554 (1) $ 13,311 (2) $ 9,169 $ 10,577 Other assets 15 — — — Other liabilities — — 174 2 Total $ 6,569 $ 13,311 $ 9,343 $ 10,579 (1) At September 30, 2024, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized gains on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $17.4 million, which included $6.5 million of net unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, $1.3 million of unrealized losses on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments, and the balance representing economic hedges. (2) At December 31, 2023, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized gains on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $6.5 million, which include $0.7 million of net unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, $0.7 million of unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments, and the balance representing economic hedges. Refer to Note 4 – Fair Value Disclosures , which contains fair value information related to derivative financial instruments. Effect of Derivative Instruments on Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income The gains or losses recognized in income and other comprehensive income related to the company’s derivative financial instruments and the line items on the consolidated financial statements where they are reported are as follows (in thousands): Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenues $ 5,146 $ (917) $ 8,882 $ (2,435) Cost of goods sold (13,088) (13,234) (26,109) (18,688) Net loss recognized in income (loss) before income taxes $ (7,942) $ (14,151) $ (17,227) $ (21,123) Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Commodity contracts $ 459 $ 19,016 $ (8,363) $ 3,137 A portion of the company’s derivative instruments are considered economic hedges and as such are not designated as hedging instruments. The company uses exchange-traded futures and options contracts to manage its net position of product inventories and forward cash purchase and sales contracts to reduce price risk caused by market fluctuations. Derivatives, including exchange traded contracts and forward commodity purchase or sale contracts, and inventories of certain agricultural products, which include amounts acquired under deferred pricing contracts, are stated at fair value. Fair value estimates are based on exchange-quoted prices, adjusted as appropriate for regional location basis value, which represent differences in local markets including transportation as well as quality or grade differences. Amount of Gain (Loss) Derivatives Not Designated as Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Exchange-traded futures and options Revenues $ 10,253 $ 3,484 $ 9,034 $ (7,661) Forwards Revenues 708 121 (3,736) 4,747 Exchange-traded futures and options Cost of goods sold 4,555 295 16,209 34,028 Forwards Cost of goods sold 6,781 23,347 90 (8,940) Net gain (loss) recognized in income (loss) before income taxes $ 22,297 $ 27,247 $ 21,597 $ 22,174 The following amounts were recorded on the consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for the fair value hedged items (in thousands): September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Line Item in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in Which the Hedged Item is Included Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liabilities Inventories $ 32,336 $ 3,182 $ 45,898 $ (1,104) Effect of Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedge Accounting on the Statements of Operations Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedging Relationships for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 Revenue Cost of Revenue Cost of Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Gain (loss) on exchange-traded futures reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income $ 5,146 $ (13,088) $ (917) $ (13,234) Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships Commodity contracts Fair-value hedged inventories — 3,611 — 1,135 Exchange-traded futures designated as hedging instruments — (2,485) — (1,122) Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded $ 5,146 $ (11,962) $ (917) $ (13,221) Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedging Relationships for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 Revenue Cost of Revenue Cost of Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Gain (loss) on exchange traded futures reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income $ 8,882 $ (26,109) $ (2,435) $ (18,688) Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships Commodity contracts Fair-value hedged inventories — 264 — (9,286) Exchange-traded futures designated as hedging instruments — (81) — 10,803 Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded $ 8,882 $ (25,926) $ (2,435) $ (17,171) The notional volume of open commodity derivative positions as of September 30, 2024, are as follows (in thousands): Exchange-Traded (1) Non-Exchange-Traded (2) Derivative Net Long & Long (Short) Unit of Commodity Futures (2,245) Bushels Corn Futures 23,210 (3) Bushels Corn Futures (3,520) (4) Bushels Corn Futures (75,474) Gallons Ethanol Futures (71,820) (3) Gallons Ethanol Futures (458) MmBTU Natural Gas Futures 7,210 (3) MmBTU Natural Gas Futures (5,873) (4) MmBTU Natural Gas Futures (2) Tons Soybean Meal Options 2,229 Bushels Corn Options (3,384) Bushels Soybeans Options 3 Tons Soybean Meal Options 765 MmBTU Natural Gas Forwards 26,120 — Bushels Corn Forwards 16,704 (202,175) Gallons Ethanol Forwards 101 (300) Tons Distillers Grains Forwards — (52,163) Pounds Renewable Corn Oil Forwards 8,329 (317) MmBTU Natural Gas (1) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures and options are presented on a net long and (short) position basis. Options are presented on a delta-adjusted basis. (2) Notional volume of non-exchange-traded forward physical contracts are presented on a gross long and (short) position basis, including both fixed-price and basis contracts, for which only the basis portion of the contract price is fixed. (3) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures used for cash flow hedges. (4) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures used for fair value hedges. Energy trading contracts that do not involve physical delivery are presented net in revenues on the consolidated statements of operations. Included in revenues are net gains of $1.0 million and $3.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and net losses of $0.1 million and net gains of $4.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, on energy trading contracts.

Debt

Debt	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	DEBT The components of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Corporate 2.25% convertible notes due 2027 (1) $ 230,000 $ 230,000 Green Plains SPE LLC $125.0 million junior secured mezzanine notes due 2026 (2) 125,000 125,000 Green Plains Shenandoah $75.0 million loan agreement (3) 72,000 73,125 Green Plains Partners $60.0 million term loan (4) — 55,969 Other 9,647 14,669 Total book value of long-term debt 436,647 498,763 Unamortized debt issuance costs (3,583) (5,013) Less: current maturities of long-term debt (1,875) (1,832) Total long-term debt $ 431,189 $ 491,918 (1) The 2.25% notes had $3.0 million and $4.0 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. (2) The junior notes had $0.3 million and $0.4 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. (3) The loan had $0.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. (4) Proceeds from the Birmingham Transaction were used to repay the outstanding balance of the term loan on September 30, 2024. The term loan had $0.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2023. The components of short-term notes payable and other borrowings are as follows (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Green Plains Finance Company, Green Plains Grain and Green Plains Trade $350.0 million revolver $ 109,000 $ 99,000 Green Plains Commodity Management $40.0 million hedge line 14,116 6,973 $ 123,116 $ 105,973 Corporate Activities In March 2021, the company issued an aggregate $230.0 million of 2.25% convertible senior notes due on March 15, 2027, or the 2.25% notes. The 2.25% notes bear interest at a rate of 2.25% per year, payable on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The 2.25% notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the company. The 2.25% notes are convertible, at the option of the holders, into consideration consisting of, at the company’s election, cash, shares of the company’s common stock, or a combination of cash and stock (and cash in lieu of fractional shares). However, before September 15, 2026, the 2.25% notes will not be convertible unless certain conditions are satisfied. The initial conversion rate is 31.6206 shares of the company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2.25% notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $31.62 per share of the company’s common stock), representing an approximately 37.5% premium over the offering price of the company’s common stock. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, including but not limited to; the event of a stock dividend or stock split; the issuance of additional rights, options and warrants; spinoffs; or a tender or exchange offering. In addition, the company may be obligated to increase the conversion rate for any conversion that occurs in connection with certain corporate events, including the company’s calling the 2.25% notes for redemption. On and after March 15, 2024, and prior to the maturity date, the company may redeem, for cash, all, but not less than all, of the 2.25% notes if the last reported sale price of the company’s common stock equals or exceeds 140% of the applicable conversion price on (i) at least 20 trading days during a 30 consecutive trading day period ending on the trading day immediately prior to the date the company delivers notice of the redemption; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date of the redemption notice. The redemption price will equal 100% of the principal amount of the 2.25% notes to be redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, upon the occurrence of a “fundamental change” (as defined in the indenture for the 2.25% notes), holders of the 2.25% notes will have the right, at their option, to require the company to repurchase their 2.25% notes for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2.25% notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. Ethanol Production Segment On February 9, 2021, Green Plains SPE LLC, a wholly-owned special purpose subsidiary and parent of Green Plains Obion and Green Plains Mount Vernon, issued $125.0 million of junior secured mezzanine notes due 2026 (the “Junior Notes”) with BlackRock, a holder of a portion of the company’s common stock. The Junior Notes will mature on February 9, 2026 and are secured by a pledge of the membership interests in and the real property owned by Green Plains Obion and Green Plains Mount Vernon. The proceeds of the Junior Notes were used to construct high protein processing systems at the Green Plains Obion and Green Plains Mount Vernon facilities. The Junior Notes accrue interest at an annual rate of 11.75%. However, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, Green Plains SPE LLC may elect to pay an amount in cash equal to interest accruing at a rate of 6.00% per annum plus an amount equal to interest accruing at a rate of 6.75% per annum to be paid in kind. The entire outstanding principal balance, plus any accrued and unpaid interest is due upon maturity. Green Plains SPE LLC is required to comply with certain financial covenants regarding minimum liquidity at Green Plains and a maximum aggregate loan to value. The Junior Notes can be retired or refinanced after 42 months with no prepayment premium. The Junior Notes have an unsecured parent guarantee from the company and have certain limitations on distributions, dividends or loans to the company unless there will not exist any event of default. On September 3, 2020, Green Plains Wood River and Green Plains Shenandoah, wholly-owned subsidiaries of the company, entered into a $75.0 million loan agreement with MetLife Real Estate Lending LLC. The loan matures on September 1, 2035 and is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Shenandoah facility. During the second quarter of 2024, the agreement was modified to remove the Wood River facility from the assets considered to be secured under the loan agreement and Green Plains Wood River was removed as a counterparty to the loan agreement. The proceeds from the loan were used to add MSC™ technology at the Wood River and Shenandoah facilities as well as other capital expenditures. The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.02% plus an interest rate premium, subject to quarterly adjustments, of 0.00% to 1.50% based on the leverage ratio of total funded debt to EBITDA of Shenandoah. Principal payments of $1.5 million per year began in October 2022. Prepayments were prohibited until September 2024. Financial covenants of the loan agreement include a minimum loan to value ratio of 50%, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.25x, a total debt service reserve of six months of future principal and interest payments and a minimum working capital requirement at Green Plains of not less than $0.10 per gallon of nameplate capacity or $90.3 million. The loan is guaranteed by the company and has certain limitations on distributions, dividends or loans to Green Plains by Shenandoah unless immediately after giving effect to such action, there will not exist any event of default. At September 30, 2024, the interest rate on the loan was 5.52%. Green Plains Partners had a term loan to fund working capital, capital expenditures and other general partnership purposes. Interest on the term loan was based on 3-month SOFR plus 8.26% . At September 30, 2024, the interest rate on the term loan was 13.21%. On September 30, 2024, the proceeds from the Birmingham Transaction were used to repay the outstanding principal and interest of the loan in full. Prepayments totalin g $53.0 million and $56.0 million were made during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $1.5 million and $3.0 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The company also has small equipment financing loans, finance leases on equipment or facilities, and other forms of debt financing. Agribusiness and Energy Services Segment On March 25, 2022, Green Plains Finance Company, Green Plains Grain and Green Plains Trade (collectively, the “Borrowers”), all wholly owned subsidiaries of the company, together with the company, as guarantor, entered into a five-year, $350.0 million senior secured sustainability-linked revolving Loan and Security Agreement (the “Facility”) with a group of financial institutions. This transaction refinanced the separate credit facilities previously held by Green Plains Grain and Green Plains Trade. The Facility matures on March 25, 2027. The Facility includes revolving commitments totaling $350.0 million and an accordion feature whereby amounts available under the Facility may be increased by up to $100.0 million of new lender commitments subject to certain conditions. Each SOFR rate loan shall bear interest for each day at a rate per annum equal to the Term SOFR rate for the outstanding period plus a Term SOFR adjustment and an applicable margin of 2.25% to 2.50%, which is dependent on undrawn availability under the Facility. Each base rate loan shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the base rate plus the applicable margin of 1.25% to 1.50%, which is dependent on undrawn availability under the Facility. The unused portion of the Facility is also subject to a commitment fee of 0.275% to 0.375%, dependent on undrawn availability. Additionally, the applicable margin and commitment fee are subject to certain increases or decreases of up to 0.10% and 0.025%, respectively, tied to the company’s achievement of certain sustainability criteria, including the reduction of GHG emissions, recordable incident rate reduction, increased renewable corn oil production and the implementation of technology to produce sustainable ingredients. The Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, as well as the following financial covenants to be calculated as of the last day of any month: the current ratio of the Borrowers shall not be less than 1.00 to 1.00; the collateral coverage ratio of the Borrowers shall not be less than 1.20 to 1.00; and the debt to capitalization ratio of the company shall not be greater than 0.60 to 1.00. The Facility also includes customary events of default, including without limitation, failure to make required payments of principal or interest, material incorrect representations and warranties, breach of covenants, events of bankruptcy and other certain matters. The Facility is secured by the working capital assets of the Borrowers and is guaranteed by the company. At September 30, 2024, the interest rate on the Facility was 8.11%. Green Plains Commodity Management has an uncommitted $40.0 million revolving credit facility to finance margins related to its hedging programs, which is secured by cash and securities held in its brokerage accounts. During the first quarter of 2023, this revolving credit facility was extended five years to mature on April 30, 2028. Advances are subject to variable interest rates equal to SOFR plus 1.75%. At September 30, 2024, the interest rate on the facility was 6.59%. Green Plains Grain has a short-term inventory financing agreement with a financial institution. The company has accounted for the agreement as short-term notes, rather than revenues, and has elected the fair value option to offset fluctuations in market prices of the inventory. This agreement is subject to negotiated variable interest rates. The company had no outstanding short-term notes payable related to the inventory financing agreement as of September 30, 2024. Covenant Compliance The company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of September 30, 2024. Restricted Net Assets At September 30, 2024, there were approximately $92.0 million of net assets at the company’s subsidiaries that could not be transferred to the parent company in the form of dividends, loans or advances due to restrictions contained in the credit facilities of these subsidiaries.

GOODWILL

GOODWILL	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
GOODWILL	GOODWILL On September 30, 2024, goodwill of $10.6 million was disposed of in the Birmingham Transaction, which previously was recorded within the ethanol production segment. The carrying amount of goodwill attributable to the ethanol production segment as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, was $18.5 million and $29.1 million, respectively. The company records goodwill within other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation	STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The company has an equity incentive plan which reserved a total of 6.9 million shares of common stock for issuance pursuant to the plan, of which 2.2 million shares remain available for issuance. The plan provides for shares, including options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights tied to the value of common stock, restricted stock, performance share awards, and restricted and deferred stock unit awards, to be granted to eligible employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The company measures stock-based compensation at fair value on the grant date, with no adjustments for estimated forfeitures. The company records noncash compensation expense related to equity awards in its consolidated financial statements over the requisite period on a straight-line basis. Restricted Stock Awards and Deferred Stock Units The restricted non-vested stock awards and deferred stock units activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows: Non-Vested Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2023 607,894 $ 30.79 Granted 454,875 20.32 Forfeited (7,324) 24.92 Vested (350,436) 29.42 Non-Vested at September 30, 2024 705,009 $ 24.78 1.9 Performance Share Awards On March 13, 2024, March 9, 2023, and March 14, 2022, the board of directors granted performance shares to be awarded in the form of common stock to certain participants of the plan. These performance shares vest based on the level of achievement of certain performance goals, including the incremental value achieved from the company's high-protein and clean sugar initiatives, annual production levels and return on investment (ROI). Performance shares granted in 2024 include certain market-based factors requiring a Monte Carlo valuation model to estimate the fair value of the performance shares on the date of the grant. The weighted average assumptions used by the company in applying the Monte Carlo valuation model for performance share grants and related valuation include a risk-free interest rate of 4.44%, dividend yields of 0%, expected volatility of 54.6% and a closing stock price on the date of grant of $20.21, resulting in an estimated fair value of $25.23 per share. Performance shares granted in 2023 and 2022 do not contain market-based factors requiring a Monte Carlo valuation model. The performance shares were granted at a target of 100%, but each performance share can be reduced or increased depending on results for the performance period. If the company achieves the maximum performance goals, the maximum amount of shares available to be issued pursuant to the 2024, 2023 and 2022 awards are 1,077,144 performance shares which represents 200% of the 538,572 performance shares which remain outstanding. The actual number of performance shares that will ultimately vest is based on the actual performance targets achieved at the end of the performance period. On February 18, 2021, the board of directors granted performance shares to be awarded in the form of common stock to certain participants of the plan. The performance shares were granted at a target of 100%, but each performance share was reduced or increased depending on results for the performance period. On February 16, 2024, based on the criteria discussed above, the 118,673 2021 performance shares vested at 115%, which resulted in the issuance of 136,475 shares of common stock. The non-vested performance share award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, is as follows: Performance Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2023 404,740 $ 30.51 Granted 270,307 23.00 Vested (136,475) 26.22 Non-Vested at September 30, 2024 538,572 $ 27.82 1.7 Green Plains Partners Green Plains Partners had a long-term incentive plan (LTIP) intended to promote the interests of the partnership, its general partner and affiliates by providing unit-based incentive compensation awards to employees, consultants and directors to encourage superior performance. As a result of the Merger, the LTIP units available for issuance were converted to 1.2 million shares available for issuance under the company's equity incentive plan. The non-vested unit-based awards activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, is as follows: Non-Vested Units Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2023 18,549 $ 12.94 Vested (1) (18,549) 12.94 Non-Vested at September 30, 2024 (1) — $ — 0.0 (1) Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each of these awards became fully vested at the effective time of the Merger on January 9, 2024. Stock-Based Compensation Expense Compensation costs for the stock-based payment plan were $3.6 million and $10.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $2.7 million and $9.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. At September 30, 2024, there was $20.4 million of unrecognized compensation costs from stock-based compensation related to non-vested awards. This compensation is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.8 years. The potential tax benefit related to stock-based payment is approximately 23.9% of these expenses.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings Per Share	EARNINGS PER SHARE Basic earnings per share, or EPS, is calculated by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The company computes diluted EPS by dividing net income on an if-converted basis, adjusted to add back net interest expense related to the convertible debt instruments, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, adjusted to include the shares that would be issued if the convertible debt instruments were converted to common shares and the effect of any outstanding dilutive securities. The basic and diluted EPS are calculated as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 EPS - basic Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains $ 48,200 $ 22,311 $ (27,562) $ (100,617) Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 63,946 58,910 63,741 58,780 EPS - basic $ 0.75 $ 0.38 $ (0.43) $ (1.71) EPS - diluted Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains $ 48,200 $ 22,311 $ (27,562) $ (100,617) Interest and amortization on 2.25% convertible notes due 2027, net of tax effect 1,209 1,201 — — Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains - diluted $ 49,409 $ 23,512 $ (27,562) $ (100,617) Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 63,946 58,910 63,741 58,780 Effect of dilutive 2.25% convertible notes due 2027 7,273 7,273 — — Effect of dilutive warrants — 837 — — Effect of dilutive stock-based compensation awards 441 382 — — Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted 71,660 67,402 63,741 58,780 EPS - diluted $ 0.69 $ 0.35 $ (0.43) $ (1.71) Anti-dilutive weighted-average convertible debt, warrants and stock-based compensation (1) — — 7,687 8,516 (1) For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively, the effects related to the company's 2.25% convertible notes due in 2027, warrants and certain stock-based compensation awards were excluded from diluted EPS as the inclusion of these shares would have been anti-dilutive.

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY As a result of the Merger, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the company issued approximately 4.7 million shares of common stock and recorded par value $0.001 per share, paid cash consideration of $29.2 million, extinguished the non-controlling interest attributed to the partnership common units held by the public of $133.8 million, and capitalized transaction costs of $7.5 million, within additional paid-in capital. Refer to Note 3 – Merger and Dispositions included herein for more information. Components of stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows (in thousands): Common Stock Additional Retained Deficit Accumulated Other Treasury Stock Total Non- Total Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance, December 31, 2023 62,327 $ 62 $ 1,113,806 $ (235,801) $ (3,160) 2,805 $ (31,174) $ 843,733 $ 146,323 $ 990,056 Net loss — — — (51,412) — — — (51,412) 290 (51,122) Other comprehensive loss before reclassification — — — — (6,043) — — (6,043) — (6,043) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 5,305 — — 5,305 — 5,305 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax — — — — (738) — — (738) — (738) Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 166 166 Partnership Merger 4,746 5 97,035 — — — — 97,040 (133,765) (36,725) Stock-based compensation 349 — (1,169) — — — — (1,169) — (1,169) Balance, March 31, 2024 67,422 67 1,209,672 (287,213) (3,898) 2,805 (31,174) 887,454 13,014 900,468 Net loss — $ — $ — $ (24,350) $ — — $ — $ (24,350) $ 312 $ (24,038) Other comprehensive loss before reclassification — — — — (657) — — (657) — (657) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 1,748 — — 1,748 — 1,748 Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — 1,091 — — 1,091 — 1,091 Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 167 167 Stock-based compensation 39 — 3,173 — — — — 3,173 — 3,173 Balance, June 30, 2024 67,461 67 1,212,845 (311,563) (2,807) 2,805 (31,174) 867,368 13,493 880,861 Net income — — — 48,200 — — — 48,200 437 48,637 Other comprehensive income before reclassification — — — — 338 — — 338 — 338 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 6,052 — — 6,052 — 6,052 Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — 6,390 — — 6,390 — 6,390 Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — (481) (481) Stock-based compensation (4) — 3,554 — — — — 3,554 — 3,554 Balance, September 30, 2024 67,457 $ 67 $ 1,216,399 $ (263,363) $ 3,583 2,805 $ (31,174) $ 925,512 $ 13,449 $ 938,961 Common Stock Additional Retained Deficit Accumulated Other Treasury Stock Total Non- Total Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance, December 31, 2022 62,101 $ 62 $ 1,110,151 $ (142,417) $ (26,591) 2,805 $ (31,174) $ 910,031 $ 151,035 $ 1,061,066 Net loss — — — (70,324) — — — (70,324) 4,075 (66,249) Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (5,305) (5,305) Other comprehensive loss before reclassification — — — — (12,788) — — (12,788) — (12,788) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 1,701 — — 1,701 — 1,701 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax — — — — (11,087) — — (11,087) — (11,087) Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 185 185 Stock-based compensation 217 — (5,632) — — — — (5,632) 59 (5,573) Balance, March 31, 2023 62,318 62 1,104,519 (212,741) (37,678) 2,805 (31,174) 822,988 150,049 973,037 Net loss — $ — $ — $ (52,604) $ — — $ — $ (52,604) $ 4,284 $ (48,320) Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (6,497) (6,497) Other comprehensive income before reclassification — — — — 710 — — 710 — 710 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 3,602 — — 3,602 — 3,602 Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — 4,312 — — 4,312 — 4,312 Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 8 8 Stock-based compensation 15 — 3,252 — — — — 3,252 60 3,312 Balance, June 30, 2023 62,333 62 1,107,771 (265,345) (33,366) 2,805 (31,174) 777,948 147,904 925,852 Net income — $ — $ — $ 22,311 $ — — $ — $ 22,311 $ 3,981 $ 26,292 Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (5,663) (5,663) Other comprehensive income before reclassification — — — — 14,469 — — 14,469 — 14,469 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 10,767 — — 10,767 — 10,767 Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — 25,236 — — 25,236 — 25,236 Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 65 65 Stock-based compensation (15) — 2,654 — — — — 2,654 60 2,714 Balance, September 30, 2023 62,318 62 1,110,425 (243,034) (8,130) 2,805 (31,174) 828,149 146,347 974,496 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Statements of 2024 2023 2024 2023 Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges Commodity derivatives $ 5,146 $ (917) $ 8,882 $ (2,435) (1) Commodity derivatives (13,088) (13,234) (26,109) (18,688) (2) Total gains (losses) on cash flow hedges (7,942) (14,151) (17,227) (21,123) (3) Income tax benefit 1,890 3,384 4,122 5,053 (4) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (6,052) $ (10,767) $ (13,105) $ (16,070) (1) Revenues (2) Costs of goods sold (3) Income (loss) before income taxes and income (loss) from equity method investees (4) Income tax benefit

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	INCOME TAXES The company records actual income tax expense or benefit during interim periods rather than on an annual effective tax rate method. Certain items are given discrete period treatment, and the tax effect of those items are reported in full in the relevant interim period. Green Plains Partners is a limited partnership, which is treated as a flow-through entity for federal income tax purposes and is not subject to federal income taxes. The IRA was signed into law on August 16, 2022. The IRA includes significant law changes relating to tax, climate change, energy and health care. The IRA significantly expands clean energy incentives by providing an estimated $370 billion of new energy related tax credits over the next ten years. It also permits more flexibility for taxpayers to use the credits with direct-pay and transferable credit options. In addition, the IRA includes key revenue-raising provisions which include a 15% book-income alternative minimum tax on corporations with adjusted financial statement income over $1 billion, a 1% excise tax on the value of certain net stock repurchases by publicly traded companies, and the reinstatement of Superfund excise taxes. On January 9, 2024, the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement were completed as described in more detail in Note 3 – Merger and Dispositions included herein. For income tax purposes, the total consideration given by the company in exchange for the remaining interest in the partnership, creates a tax basis in the acquired interest. Because the GAAP basis in the acquired interest is less than the total consideration, a new deferred tax asset was created. The company's valuation allowance on deferred tax assets increased by a corresponding amount, which did not have a material impact on the company's consolidated financial statements. The company recorded income tax benefit, including income tax benefit from equity method investments, of $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared with income tax benefit of $7.8 million for the same period in 2023. The decrease in the amount of tax benefit recorded was primarily due to a decrease in the valuation allowance recorded against certain deferred tax assets for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The effective tax rate can be affected by variances in the estimates and amounts of taxable income among the various states, entities and activity types, realization of tax credits, adjustments from resolution of tax matters under review, valuation allowances and the company’s assessment of its liability for uncertain tax positions.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Leases The company leases certain facilities, parcels of land, and equipment, with remaining terms ranging from less than one year to approximately 13.1 years. The land and facility leases include renewal options. The renewal options are included in the lease term only for those sites or locations in which they are reasonably certain to be renewed. Equipment renewals are not considered reasonably certain to be exercised as they typically renew with significantly different underlying terms. The components of lease expense are as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Lease expense Operating lease expense $ 7,173 $ 7,155 $ 21,272 $ 20,744 Variable lease expense (benefit) (1) 551 211 1,234 (96) Total lease expense $ 7,724 $ 7,366 $ 22,506 $ 20,648 (1) Represents amounts incurred in excess of the minimum payments required for a certain building lease and for the handling and unloading of railcars for a certain land lease, offset by railcar lease abatements provided by the lessor when railcars are out of service during periods of maintenance or upgrade. Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 7,540 $ 7,075 $ 21,737 $ 19,914 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations Operating leases 7,753 4,330 17,491 27,786 Right-of-use assets and lease obligations derecognized due to lease modifications: Right-of-use assets (1) 2,208 3,428 2,208 3,428 Lease obligations (1) 2,739 3,428 2,739 3,428 (1) Amounts presented in 2024 are related to the Birmingham Transaction, while amounts in 2023 relate to the Atkinson Transaction. Derecognition of right-of-use assets and lease obligations for both dispositions is related to railcar operating leases. Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases is as follows: September 30, December 31, Weighted average remaining lease term 4.1 years 4.5 years Weighted average discount rate 5.32 % 5.16 % Aggregate minimum lease payments under the operating lease agreements for the remainder of 2024 and in future years are as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31, Amount 2024 $ 7,211 2025 25,420 2026 18,627 2027 14,356 2028 6,648 Thereafter 9,129 Total 81,391 Less: Present value discount (8,543) Lease liabilities $ 72,848 Other Commitments As of September 30, 2024, the company had contracted future purchases of grain, ethanol, distillers grains and natural gas valued at approximately $187.8 million and future commitments for storage and transportation, valued at approximately $26.3 million. The company has entered into contracts with Tallgrass High Plains Carbon Storage, LLC and its affiliates, related to the construction, development and operation of carbon capture and sequestration projects at our three Nebraska plants, which are expected to be completed in 2025. Payments associated with these contracts are due monthly over a period of twelve years, commencing after the capture facilities are considered in-service. Amounts due under the contracts are based on the achievement of certain project milestones and are subject to termination of all or portions of the contracts. Certain of the future obligations to Tallgrass High Plains Carbon Storage LLC are secured by a leasehold deed of trust, security agreement and assignment of rents and leases. As of September 30, 2024, the company had incurred $7.2 million of accumulated construction costs in relation to the projects, presented as property, plant and equipment on the consolidated balance sheet, with an equal and offsetting liability presented as other liabilities. Legal The company is currently involved in litigation that has arisen in the ordinary course of business, but does not believe any pending litigation will have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net loss attributable to Green Plains	$ 48,200	$ 22,311	$ (27,562)	$ (100,617)

Insider Trading Arrangements

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Basis of Presentation, Descri_2

Basis of Presentation, Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Consolidated Financial Statements	Consolidated Financial Statements The consolidated financial statements include the company’s accounts, and all significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated. Unconsolidated entities are included in the financial statements on an equity basis. On January 9, 2024, the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement were completed and the company acquired all of the publicly held common units of the partnership not already owned by the company and its affiliates. Refer to Note 3 – Merger and Dispositions included herein for more information. The company also owns a majority interest in FQT, with their results being consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Because they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements, the unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 9, 2024. The unaudited financial information reflects adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented. The adjustments are normal and recurring in nature, unless otherwise noted. Interim period results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications did not affect total revenues, costs and expenses or net income, but increased cost of goods sold and decreased gross margin, within the ethanol production segment. Costs historically reported as operations and maintenance expenses in the consolidated statements of operations are now being reported within cost of goods sold.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements	Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The company bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions it believes are proper and reasonable under the circumstances and regularly evaluates the appropriateness of its estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain accounting policies, including but not limited to those relating to derivative financial instruments and accounting for income taxes, are impacted significantly by judgments, assumptions and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.
Description of Business	Description of Business The company operates within two operating segments: (1) ethanol production, which includes the production, storage and transportation of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil and (2) agribusiness and energy services, which includes grain handling and storage, commodity marketing and merchant trading for company-produced and third-party ethanol, distillers grains, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities. As a result of the Merger, the partnership's operations are included in the ethanol production operating segment.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include bank deposits as well as short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Restricted Cash	Restricted Cash
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition The company recognizes revenue when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Sales, value add, and other taxes the company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Sales of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities by the company’s marketing business are recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services. Revenues related to marketing for third parties are presented on a gross basis as the company controls the product prior to the sale to the end customer, takes title of the product and has inventory risk. Unearned revenue is recorded for goods in transit when the company has received payment, but control has not yet been transferred to the customer. Revenues for receiving, storing, transferring and transporting ethanol and other fuels are recognized when the product is delivered to the customer. The company routinely enters into physical-delivery energy commodity purchase and sale agreements. At times, the company settles these transactions by transferring its obligations to other counterparties rather than delivering the physical commodity. Revenues include net gains or losses from derivatives related to products sold while cost of goods sold includes net gains or losses from derivatives related to commodities purchased. Revenues also include realized gains and losses on related derivative financial instruments and reclassifications of realized gains and losses on cash flow hedges from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Sales of products are recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer, which depends on the agreed upon shipment or delivery terms.
Shipping and Handling Costs	Shipping and Handling Costs
Cost of Goods Sold	Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold includes materials, direct labor, shipping, plant overhead and transportation costs. Materials include the cost of corn feedstock, denaturant, and process chemicals. Corn feedstock costs include gains and losses on related derivative financial instruments not designated as cash flow hedges, inbound freight charges, inspection costs and transfer costs, as well as reclassifications of gains and losses on cash flow hedges from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Direct labor includes all compensation and related benefits of non-management personnel involved in production. Shipping costs incurred by the company, including railcar costs, are also reflected in cost of goods sold. Plant overhead consists primarily of plant utilities, repairs and maintenance and outbound freight charges. Transportation costs include railcar leases, freight and shipping of the company's products, as well as storage costs incurred at destination terminals. The company uses exchange-traded futures and options contracts and forward purchase and sale contracts to attempt to minimize the effect of price changes on ethanol, renewable corn oil, grain and natural gas. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued at quoted market prices and settled predominantly in cash. The company is exposed to loss when counterparties default on forward purchase and sale contracts. Grain inventories held for sale and forward purchase and sale contracts are valued at market prices when available or other market quotes adjusted for basis differences, primarily in transportation, between the exchange-traded market and local market where the terms of the contract are based. Changes in forward purchase contracts and exchange-traded futures and options contracts are recognized as a component of cost of goods sold.
Derivative Financial Instruments	Derivative Financial Instruments The company uses various derivative financial instruments, including exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and over-the-counter options contracts, to attempt to minimize risk and the effect of commodity price changes including but not limited to, corn, ethanol, natural gas and other agricultural and energy products. The company monitors and manages this exposure as part of its overall risk management policy to reduce the adverse effect market volatility may have on its operating results. The company may hedge these commodities as one way to mitigate risk; however, there may be situations when these hedging activities themselves result in losses. By using derivatives to hedge exposures to changes in commodity prices, the company is exposed to credit and market risk. The company’s exposure to credit risk includes the counterparty’s failure to fulfill its performance obligations under the terms of the derivative contract. The company minimizes its credit risk by entering into transactions with high quality counterparties, limiting the amount of financial exposure it has with each counterparty and monitoring their financial condition. Market risk is the risk that the value of the financial instrument might be adversely affected by a change in commodity prices or interest rates. The company manages market risk by incorporating parameters to monitor exposure within its risk management strategy, which limits the types of derivative instruments and strategies the company can use and the degree of market risk it can take using derivative instruments. Forward contracts are recorded at fair value unless the contracts qualify for, and the company elects, normal purchase or sale exceptions. Changes in fair value are recorded in operating income unless the contracts qualify for, and the company elects, cash flow hedge accounting treatment. Certain qualifying derivatives related to ethanol production and agribusiness and energy services are designated as cash flow hedges. The company evaluates the derivative instrument to ascertain its effectiveness prior to entering into cash flow hedges. Unrealized gains and losses are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss until the gain or loss from the underlying hedged transaction is realized and the physical transaction is completed. When it becomes probable a forecasted transaction will not occur, the cash flow hedge treatment is discontinued, which affects earnings. These derivative financial instruments are recognized in current assets or current liabilities at fair value. At times, the company hedges its exposure to changes in inventory values and designates qualifying derivatives as fair value hedges. The carrying amount of the hedged inventory is adjusted in the current period for changes in fair value. Estimated fair values carried at market are based on exchange-quoted prices, adjusted as appropriate for regional location basis values which represent differences in local markets including transportation as well as quality or grade differences. Basis values are generally determined using inputs from broker quotations or other market transactions. However, a portion of the value may be derived using unobservable inputs. Ineffectiveness of the hedges is recognized in the current period to the extent the change in fair value of the inventory is not offset by the change in fair value of the derivative.

Revenue (Tables)

Revenue (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Disaggregation of Revenue by Major Source	The following tables disaggregate revenue by major source (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 19,597 4,521 — 24,118 Renewable corn oil — — — — Other 12,919 2,015 — 14,934 Intersegment revenues 1,075 69 (1,144) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 33,591 6,605 (1,144) 39,052 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 439,981 76,014 — 515,995 Distillers grains 53,915 8,618 — 62,533 Renewable corn oil 35,859 3,346 — 39,205 Other 1,293 657 — 1,950 Intersegment revenues — 6,620 (6,620) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 531,048 95,255 (6,620) 619,683 Total Revenues $ 564,639 $ 101,860 $ (7,764) $ 658,735 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 67,676 5,039 — 72,715 Renewable corn oil — — — — Other 42,536 6,483 — 49,019 Intersegment revenues 3,467 233 (3,700) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 113,679 11,755 (3,700) 121,734 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 1,177,189 235,512 — 1,412,701 Distillers grains 195,683 23,871 — 219,554 Renewable corn oil 103,424 3,346 — 106,770 Other 5,766 8,249 — 14,015 Intersegment revenues — 19,072 (19,072) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 1,482,062 290,050 (19,072) 1,753,040 Total Revenues $ 1,595,741 $ 301,805 $ (22,772) $ 1,874,774 Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 22,664 — — 22,664 Renewable corn oil — — — — Other 6,809 3,437 — 10,246 Intersegment revenues 1,208 57 (1,265) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 30,681 3,494 (1,265) 32,910 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 607,113 99,008 — 706,121 Distillers grains 81,288 5,900 — 87,188 Renewable corn oil 49,872 7,327 — 57,199 Other 6,575 2,777 — 9,352 Intersegment revenues — 6,575 (6,575) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 744,848 121,587 (6,575) 859,860 Total Revenues $ 775,529 $ 125,081 $ (7,840) $ 892,770 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 65,258 — — 65,258 Renewable corn oil — — — — Other 25,868 13,709 — 39,577 Intersegment revenues 3,446 151 (3,597) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 94,572 13,860 (3,597) 104,835 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 1,656,688 306,134 — 1,962,822 Distillers grains 297,189 28,715 — 325,904 Renewable corn oil 131,893 8,048 — 139,941 Other 21,840 28,009 — 49,849 Intersegment revenues — 18,524 (18,524) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 2,107,610 389,430 (18,524) 2,478,516 Total Revenues $ 2,202,182 $ 403,290 $ (22,121) $ 2,583,351 (1) Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives represent physically settled derivative sales that are outside the scope of ASC 606.

ACQUISITION (Tables)

ACQUISITION (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]
Assets sold and liabilities transferred	The assets sold and liabilities transferred of the Birmingham Transaction at closing on September 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands): Amounts of Identifiable Assets Disposed and Liabilities Relinquished Accounts receivable $ 315 Prepaid expenses and other 1,225 Property and equipment 7,012 Operating lease right-of-use assets 2,208 Goodwill 10,598 Accounts payable (112) Accrued and other liabilities (49) Operating lease current liabilities (427) Operating lease long-term liabilities (2,312) Other liabilities (556) Total identifiable net assets disposed 17,902 The assets sold and liabilities transferred of the Atkinson Transaction at closing on September 7, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Amounts of Identifiable Assets Disposed and Liabilities Relinquished Inventories 3,164 Prepaid expenses and other 423 Property and equipment 15,199 Operating lease right-of-use assets 3,428 Accrued and other liabilities (162) Operating lease current liabilities (1,332) Operating lease long-term liabilities (2,096) Other liabilities (189) Total identifiable net assets disposed 18,435

Fair Value Disclosures (Tables)

Fair Value Disclosures (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value	The company’s assets and liabilities by level are as follows (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2024 Quoted Prices in Significant Other Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 227,460 $ — $ 227,460 Restricted cash 24,500 — 24,500 Inventories carried at market — 32,336 32,336 Derivative financial instruments - assets — 6,554 6,554 Other assets — 15 15 Total assets measured at fair value $ 251,960 $ 38,905 $ 290,865 Liabilities Accounts payable (1) $ — $ 20,794 $ 20,794 Accrued and other liabilities (2) — 2,094 2,094 Derivative financial instruments - liabilities — 9,169 9,169 Other liabilities (2) — 1,138 1,138 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ — $ 33,195 $ 33,195 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023 Quoted Prices in Significant Other Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 349,574 $ — $ 349,574 Restricted cash 29,188 — 29,188 Inventories carried at market — 45,898 45,898 Derivative financial instruments - assets — 13,311 13,311 Total assets measured at fair value $ 378,762 $ 59,209 $ 437,971 Liabilities Accounts payable (1) $ — $ 54,716 $ 54,716 Accrued and other liabilities (2) — 9,917 9,917 Derivative financial instruments - liabilities — 10,577 10,577 Other liabilities (2) — 659 659 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ — $ 75,869 $ 75,869 (1) Accounts payable is generally stated at historical amounts with the exception of $20.8 million and $54.7 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, related to certain delivered inventory for which the payable fluctuates based on changes in commodity prices. These payables are hybrid financial instruments for which the company has elected the fair value option. (2) As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, accrued and other liabilities includes $2.1 million and $9.9 million and other liabilities includes $1.0 million and $0.7 million of consideration related to potential earn-out payments recorded at fair value.

Segment Information (Tables)

Segment Information (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Financial Data of Operating Segments	The following tables set forth certain financial data for the company’s operating segments (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenues Ethanol production Revenues from external customers $ 563,564 $ 774,321 $ 1,592,274 $ 2,198,736 Intersegment revenues 1,075 1,208 3,467 3,446 Total segment revenues 564,639 775,529 1,595,741 2,202,182 Agribusiness and energy services Revenues from external customers 95,171 118,449 282,500 384,615 Intersegment revenues 6,689 6,632 19,305 18,675 Total segment revenues 101,860 125,081 301,805 403,290 Revenues including intersegment activity 666,499 900,610 1,897,546 2,605,472 Intersegment eliminations (7,764) (7,840) (22,772) (22,121) $ 658,735 $ 892,770 $ 1,874,774 $ 2,583,351 Refer to Note 2 – Revenue , for further disaggregation of revenue by operating segment. Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Cost of goods sold Ethanol production (1) $ 498,326 $ 716,556 $ 1,501,681 $ 2,142,567 Agribusiness and energy services 90,064 109,292 271,566 371,981 Intersegment eliminations (7,764) (7,840) (22,772) (22,121) $ 580,626 $ 818,008 $ 1,750,475 $ 2,492,427 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Gross margin Ethanol production (1) (3) $ 66,313 $ 58,973 $ 94,060 $ 59,615 Agribusiness and energy services 11,796 15,789 30,239 31,309 $ 78,109 $ 74,762 $ 124,299 $ 90,924 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Depreciation and amortization Ethanol production $ 21,444 $ 22,596 $ 62,522 $ 69,603 Agribusiness and energy services 505 534 1,507 1,883 Corporate activities (2) 4,121 769 5,112 2,425 $ 26,070 $ 23,899 $ 69,141 $ 73,911 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Operating income (loss) Ethanol production (3) $ 35,240 $ 23,931 $ (626) $ (43,158) Agribusiness and energy services 7,830 11,313 16,000 17,612 Corporate activities (4) 12,982 (14,070) (21,922) (52,300) $ 56,052 $ 21,174 $ (6,548) $ (77,846) (1) Costs historically reported as operations and maintenance expenses in the consolidated statements of operations are now being reported within cost of goods sold, resulting in increased cost of goods sold and decreased gross margin within the ethanol production segment. (2) Depreciation and amortization for corporate activities includes impairment of a research and development technology intangible asset of $3.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. (3) Ethanol production includes an inventory lower of average cost or net realizable value adjustment of $10.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and of $1.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. (4) Corporate activities include a pretax gain on sale of assets of $30.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and of $5.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Total Assets for Operating Segments	The following table sets forth total assets by operating segment (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Total assets (1) Ethanol production $ 1,300,845 $ 1,275,562 Agribusiness and energy services 301,409 413,937 Corporate assets 159,870 254,300 Intersegment eliminations (2,170) (4,477) $ 1,759,954 $ 1,939,322 (1)

Inventories (Tables)

Inventories (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Components of Inventories	The components of inventories are as follows (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Finished goods $ 63,327 $ 73,975 Commodities held for sale 32,336 45,898 Raw materials 29,430 32,820 Work-in-process 12,677 14,454 Supplies and parts 55,826 48,663 $ 193,596 $ 215,810

Derivative Financial Instrume_2

Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments	The fair values of the company’s derivative financial instruments and the line items on the consolidated balance sheets where they are reported are as follows (in thousands): Asset Derivatives' Liability Derivatives' September 30, December 31, September 30, December 31, Derivative financial instruments - forwards $ 6,554 (1) $ 13,311 (2) $ 9,169 $ 10,577 Other assets 15 — — — Other liabilities — — 174 2 Total $ 6,569 $ 13,311 $ 9,343 $ 10,579 (1) At September 30, 2024, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized gains on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $17.4 million, which included $6.5 million of net unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, $1.3 million of unrealized losses on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments, and the balance representing economic hedges. (2) At December 31, 2023, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized gains on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $6.5 million, which include $0.7 million of net unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, $0.7 million of unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments, and the balance representing economic hedges.
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) in Statement of Financial Performance	The gains or losses recognized in income and other comprehensive income related to the company’s derivative financial instruments and the line items on the consolidated financial statements where they are reported are as follows (in thousands): Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenues $ 5,146 $ (917) $ 8,882 $ (2,435) Cost of goods sold (13,088) (13,234) (26,109) (18,688) Net loss recognized in income (loss) before income taxes $ (7,942) $ (14,151) $ (17,227) $ (21,123) Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Commodity contracts $ 459 $ 19,016 $ (8,363) $ 3,137 Amount of Gain (Loss) Derivatives Not Designated as Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Exchange-traded futures and options Revenues $ 10,253 $ 3,484 $ 9,034 $ (7,661) Forwards Revenues 708 121 (3,736) 4,747 Exchange-traded futures and options Cost of goods sold 4,555 295 16,209 34,028 Forwards Cost of goods sold 6,781 23,347 90 (8,940) Net gain (loss) recognized in income (loss) before income taxes $ 22,297 $ 27,247 $ 21,597 $ 22,174 The following amounts were recorded on the consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for the fair value hedged items (in thousands): September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Line Item in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in Which the Hedged Item is Included Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liabilities Inventories $ 32,336 $ 3,182 $ 45,898 $ (1,104) Effect of Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedge Accounting on the Statements of Operations Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedging Relationships for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 Revenue Cost of Revenue Cost of Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Gain (loss) on exchange-traded futures reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income $ 5,146 $ (13,088) $ (917) $ (13,234) Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships Commodity contracts Fair-value hedged inventories — 3,611 — 1,135 Exchange-traded futures designated as hedging instruments — (2,485) — (1,122) Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded $ 5,146 $ (11,962) $ (917) $ (13,221) Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedging Relationships for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 Revenue Cost of Revenue Cost of Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Gain (loss) on exchange traded futures reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income $ 8,882 $ (26,109) $ (2,435) $ (18,688) Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships Commodity contracts Fair-value hedged inventories — 264 — (9,286) Exchange-traded futures designated as hedging instruments — (81) — 10,803 Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded $ 8,882 $ (25,926) $ (2,435) $ (17,171)
Open Position Derivative Financial Instruments	The notional volume of open commodity derivative positions as of September 30, 2024, are as follows (in thousands): Exchange-Traded (1) Non-Exchange-Traded (2) Derivative Net Long & Long (Short) Unit of Commodity Futures (2,245) Bushels Corn Futures 23,210 (3) Bushels Corn Futures (3,520) (4) Bushels Corn Futures (75,474) Gallons Ethanol Futures (71,820) (3) Gallons Ethanol Futures (458) MmBTU Natural Gas Futures 7,210 (3) MmBTU Natural Gas Futures (5,873) (4) MmBTU Natural Gas Futures (2) Tons Soybean Meal Options 2,229 Bushels Corn Options (3,384) Bushels Soybeans Options 3 Tons Soybean Meal Options 765 MmBTU Natural Gas Forwards 26,120 — Bushels Corn Forwards 16,704 (202,175) Gallons Ethanol Forwards 101 (300) Tons Distillers Grains Forwards — (52,163) Pounds Renewable Corn Oil Forwards 8,329 (317) MmBTU Natural Gas (1) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures and options are presented on a net long and (short) position basis. Options are presented on a delta-adjusted basis. (2) Notional volume of non-exchange-traded forward physical contracts are presented on a gross long and (short) position basis, including both fixed-price and basis contracts, for which only the basis portion of the contract price is fixed. (3) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures used for cash flow hedges. (4) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures used for fair value hedges.

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Components of Long-Term Debt	The components of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Corporate 2.25% convertible notes due 2027 (1) $ 230,000 $ 230,000 Green Plains SPE LLC $125.0 million junior secured mezzanine notes due 2026 (2) 125,000 125,000 Green Plains Shenandoah $75.0 million loan agreement (3) 72,000 73,125 Green Plains Partners $60.0 million term loan (4) — 55,969 Other 9,647 14,669 Total book value of long-term debt 436,647 498,763 Unamortized debt issuance costs (3,583) (5,013) Less: current maturities of long-term debt (1,875) (1,832) Total long-term debt $ 431,189 $ 491,918 (1) The 2.25% notes had $3.0 million and $4.0 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. (2) The junior notes had $0.3 million and $0.4 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. (3) The loan had $0.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. (4) Proceeds from the Birmingham Transaction were used to repay the outstanding balance of the term loan on September 30, 2024. The term loan had $0.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2023.
Components of Short-term Notes Payable and Other Borrowings	The components of short-term notes payable and other borrowings are as follows (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Green Plains Finance Company, Green Plains Grain and Green Plains Trade $350.0 million revolver $ 109,000 $ 99,000 Green Plains Commodity Management $40.0 million hedge line 14,116 6,973 $ 123,116 $ 105,973

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Non-Vested Stock Award and Deferred Stock Unit Activity	The restricted non-vested stock awards and deferred stock units activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows: Non-Vested Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2023 607,894 $ 30.79 Granted 454,875 20.32 Forfeited (7,324) 24.92 Vested (350,436) 29.42 Non-Vested at September 30, 2024 705,009 $ 24.78 1.9
Non-Vested Performance Share Award Activity	The non-vested performance share award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, is as follows: Performance Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2023 404,740 $ 30.51 Granted 270,307 23.00 Vested (136,475) 26.22 Non-Vested at September 30, 2024 538,572 $ 27.82 1.7 The non-vested unit-based awards activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, is as follows: Non-Vested Units Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2023 18,549 $ 12.94 Vested (1) (18,549) 12.94 Non-Vested at September 30, 2024 (1) — $ — 0.0 (1) Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each of these awards became fully vested at the effective time of the Merger on January 9, 2024.

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

Earnings Per Share (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share	The basic and diluted EPS are calculated as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 EPS - basic Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains $ 48,200 $ 22,311 $ (27,562) $ (100,617) Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 63,946 58,910 63,741 58,780 EPS - basic $ 0.75 $ 0.38 $ (0.43) $ (1.71) EPS - diluted Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains $ 48,200 $ 22,311 $ (27,562) $ (100,617) Interest and amortization on 2.25% convertible notes due 2027, net of tax effect 1,209 1,201 — — Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains - diluted $ 49,409 $ 23,512 $ (27,562) $ (100,617) Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 63,946 58,910 63,741 58,780 Effect of dilutive 2.25% convertible notes due 2027 7,273 7,273 — — Effect of dilutive warrants — 837 — — Effect of dilutive stock-based compensation awards 441 382 — — Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted 71,660 67,402 63,741 58,780 EPS - diluted $ 0.69 $ 0.35 $ (0.43) $ (1.71) Anti-dilutive weighted-average convertible debt, warrants and stock-based compensation (1) — — 7,687 8,516 (1) For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively, the effects related to the company's 2.25% convertible notes due in 2027, warrants and certain stock-based compensation awards were excluded from diluted EPS as the inclusion of these shares would have been anti-dilutive.

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Schedule of Stockholders' Equity	Components of stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows (in thousands): Common Stock Additional Retained Deficit Accumulated Other Treasury Stock Total Non- Total Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance, December 31, 2023 62,327 $ 62 $ 1,113,806 $ (235,801) $ (3,160) 2,805 $ (31,174) $ 843,733 $ 146,323 $ 990,056 Net loss — — — (51,412) — — — (51,412) 290 (51,122) Other comprehensive loss before reclassification — — — — (6,043) — — (6,043) — (6,043) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 5,305 — — 5,305 — 5,305 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax — — — — (738) — — (738) — (738) Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 166 166 Partnership Merger 4,746 5 97,035 — — — — 97,040 (133,765) (36,725) Stock-based compensation 349 — (1,169) — — — — (1,169) — (1,169) Balance, March 31, 2024 67,422 67 1,209,672 (287,213) (3,898) 2,805 (31,174) 887,454 13,014 900,468 Net loss — $ — $ — $ (24,350) $ — — $ — $ (24,350) $ 312 $ (24,038) Other comprehensive loss before reclassification — — — — (657) — — (657) — (657) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 1,748 — — 1,748 — 1,748 Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — 1,091 — — 1,091 — 1,091 Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 167 167 Stock-based compensation 39 — 3,173 — — — — 3,173 — 3,173 Balance, June 30, 2024 67,461 67 1,212,845 (311,563) (2,807) 2,805 (31,174) 867,368 13,493 880,861 Net income — — — 48,200 — — — 48,200 437 48,637 Other comprehensive income before reclassification — — — — 338 — — 338 — 338 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 6,052 — — 6,052 — 6,052 Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — 6,390 — — 6,390 — 6,390 Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — (481) (481) Stock-based compensation (4) — 3,554 — — — — 3,554 — 3,554 Balance, September 30, 2024 67,457 $ 67 $ 1,216,399 $ (263,363) $ 3,583 2,805 $ (31,174) $ 925,512 $ 13,449 $ 938,961 Common Stock Additional Retained Deficit Accumulated Other Treasury Stock Total Non- Total Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance, December 31, 2022 62,101 $ 62 $ 1,110,151 $ (142,417) $ (26,591) 2,805 $ (31,174) $ 910,031 $ 151,035 $ 1,061,066 Net loss — — — (70,324) — — — (70,324) 4,075 (66,249) Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (5,305) (5,305) Other comprehensive loss before reclassification — — — — (12,788) — — (12,788) — (12,788) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 1,701 — — 1,701 — 1,701 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax — — — — (11,087) — — (11,087) — (11,087) Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 185 185 Stock-based compensation 217 — (5,632) — — — — (5,632) 59 (5,573) Balance, March 31, 2023 62,318 62 1,104,519 (212,741) (37,678) 2,805 (31,174) 822,988 150,049 973,037 Net loss — $ — $ — $ (52,604) $ — — $ — $ (52,604) $ 4,284 $ (48,320) Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (6,497) (6,497) Other comprehensive income before reclassification — — — — 710 — — 710 — 710 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 3,602 — — 3,602 — 3,602 Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — 4,312 — — 4,312 — 4,312 Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 8 8 Stock-based compensation 15 — 3,252 — — — — 3,252 60 3,312 Balance, June 30, 2023 62,333 62 1,107,771 (265,345) (33,366) 2,805 (31,174) 777,948 147,904 925,852 Net income — $ — $ — $ 22,311 $ — — $ — $ 22,311 $ 3,981 $ 26,292 Cash dividends and distributions declared — — — — — — — — (5,663) (5,663) Other comprehensive income before reclassification — — — — 14,469 — — 14,469 — 14,469 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — — — 10,767 — — 10,767 — 10,767 Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — 25,236 — — 25,236 — 25,236 Investment in subsidiaries — — — — — — — — 65 65 Stock-based compensation (15) — 2,654 — — — — 2,654 60 2,714 Balance, September 30, 2023 62,318 62 1,110,425 (243,034) (8,130) 2,805 (31,174) 828,149 146,347 974,496
Reclassification From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Statements of 2024 2023 2024 2023 Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges Commodity derivatives $ 5,146 $ (917) $ 8,882 $ (2,435) (1) Commodity derivatives (13,088) (13,234) (26,109) (18,688) (2) Total gains (losses) on cash flow hedges (7,942) (14,151) (17,227) (21,123) (3) Income tax benefit 1,890 3,384 4,122 5,053 (4) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (6,052) $ (10,767) $ (13,105) $ (16,070) (1) Revenues (2) Costs of goods sold (3) Income (loss) before income taxes and income (loss) from equity method investees (4) Income tax benefit

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Components of Lease Expense	The components of lease expense are as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Lease expense Operating lease expense $ 7,173 $ 7,155 $ 21,272 $ 20,744 Variable lease expense (benefit) (1) 551 211 1,234 (96) Total lease expense $ 7,724 $ 7,366 $ 22,506 $ 20,648 (1) Represents amounts incurred in excess of the minimum payments required for a certain building lease and for the handling and unloading of railcars for a certain land lease, offset by railcar lease abatements provided by the lessor when railcars are out of service during periods of maintenance or upgrade.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Operating Leases	Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 7,540 $ 7,075 $ 21,737 $ 19,914 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations Operating leases 7,753 4,330 17,491 27,786 Right-of-use assets and lease obligations derecognized due to lease modifications: Right-of-use assets (1) 2,208 3,428 2,208 3,428 Lease obligations (1) 2,739 3,428 2,739 3,428 (1) Amounts presented in 2024 are related to the Birmingham Transaction, while amounts in 2023 relate to the Atkinson Transaction. Derecognition of right-of-use assets and lease obligations for both dispositions is related to railcar operating leases.
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Operating Leases	Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases is as follows: September 30, December 31, Weighted average remaining lease term 4.1 years 4.5 years Weighted average discount rate 5.32 % 5.16 %
Aggregate Minimum Lease Payments	Aggregate minimum lease payments under the operating lease agreements for the remainder of 2024 and in future years are as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31, Amount 2024 $ 7,211 2025 25,420 2026 18,627 2027 14,356 2028 6,648 Thereafter 9,129 Total 81,391 Less: Present value discount (8,543) Lease liabilities $ 72,848

Basis of Presentation, Descri_3

Basis of Presentation, Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 1,759,954	$ 1,939,322
Total liabilities	$ 820,993	949,266
Number of operating segments | segment	2
GP Turnkey Tharaldson LLC
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	50%
Equity method investments	$ 53,300	$ 41,700
Interest capitalized	$ 800

Revenue - Disaggregation of Rev

Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue by Major Source (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	$ 39,052	$ 32,910	$ 121,734	$ 104,835
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	619,683	859,860	1,753,040	2,478,516
Total Revenues	658,735	892,770	1,874,774	2,583,351
Ethanol
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	515,995	706,121	1,412,701	1,962,822
Distillers grains
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	24,118	22,664	72,715	65,258
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	62,533	87,188	219,554	325,904
Renewable corn oil
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	39,205	57,199	106,770	139,941
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	14,934	10,246	49,019	39,577
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	1,950	9,352	14,015	49,849
Ethanol Production
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Total Revenues	563,564	774,321	1,592,274	2,198,736
Ethanol Production | Ethanol
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	439,981	607,113	1,177,189	1,656,688
Ethanol Production | Distillers grains
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	19,597	22,664	67,676	65,258
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	53,915	81,288	195,683	297,189
Ethanol Production | Renewable corn oil
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	35,859	49,872	103,424	131,893
Ethanol Production | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	12,919	6,809	42,536	25,868
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	1,293	6,575	5,766	21,840
Agribusiness & Energy Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	(6,620)	(6,575)	(19,072)	(18,524)
Total Revenues	95,171	118,449	282,500	384,615
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Ethanol
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	76,014	99,008	235,512	306,134
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Distillers grains
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	4,521	0	5,039	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	8,618	5,900	23,871	28,715
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Renewable corn oil
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	3,346	7,327	3,346	8,048
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	2,015	3,437	6,483	13,709
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	657	2,777	8,249	28,009
Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	666,499	900,610	1,897,546	2,605,472
Operating Segments | Ethanol Production
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	33,591	30,681	113,679	94,572
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	531,048	744,848	1,482,062	2,107,610
Total Revenues	564,639	775,529	1,595,741	2,202,182
Operating Segments | Agribusiness & Energy Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	6,605	3,494	11,755	13,860
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	95,255	121,587	290,050	389,430
Total Revenues	101,860	125,081	301,805	403,290
Intersegment Eliminations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	(1,144)	(1,265)	(3,700)	(3,597)
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	(6,620)	(6,575)	(19,072)	(18,524)
Total Revenues	(7,764)	(7,840)	(22,772)	(22,121)
Intersegment Eliminations | Ethanol
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Intersegment Eliminations | Distillers grains
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Intersegment Eliminations | Renewable corn oil
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Intersegment Eliminations | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0	0
Intersegment Eliminations | Ethanol Production
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	(1,075)	(1,208)	(3,467)	(3,446)
Total Revenues	(1,075)	(1,208)	(3,467)	(3,446)
Intersegment Eliminations | Agribusiness & Energy Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	(69)	(57)	(233)	(151)
Total Revenues	$ (6,689)	$ (6,632)	$ (19,305)	$ (18,675)

Revenue - Narrative (Details)

Revenue - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue Benchmark | Customer A | Customer Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk	13%	14%	13%	14%

ACQUISITION - Narrative (Detail

ACQUISITION - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands, shares in Millions					3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jan. 09, 2024	Jan. 08, 2024	Sep. 07, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001				$ 0.001			$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Partnership Merger						$ (36,725)
Gain on sale of assets					$ 30,723		$ 5,651	$ 30,723	$ 5,651
Birmingham Terminal | Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Gain on sale of assets	$ 30,700
Working capital	1,400				1,400			1,400
Consideration received	47,500				47,500			$ 47,500
Ord Ethanol Plant | Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Gain on sale of assets				$ 4,100
Working capital				1,100
Consideration received				22,900
Ord Ethanol Plant | Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale | Partnership Segment [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Consideration received				$ 2,100
Common Stock
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Partnership Merger						$ 5
Green Plains Partners Merger
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Shares issued		4.7						4.7
Cash consideration per partnership common unit (in dollars per share)		$ 2.50
Consideration transferred		$ 143,100
Consideration paid for business acquisition		29,200						$ 29,200
Common stock exchanged		$ 113,900
Partnership Merger								133,800
Estimated fees	$ 5,500				$ 5,500			$ 5,500		$ 2,000
Green Plains Partners Merger | Green Plains Partners LP
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Limited partner interest			48.80%
General partnership interest			2%
Green Plains Partners Merger | Common Stock
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001			$ 0.001			$ 0.001
Entity shares issued per acquire share (in shares)		$ 0.405
Green Plains Partners Merger | Public Unitholders | Green Plains Partners LP
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Limited partner interest			49.20%

Acquisitions and Dispositions -

Acquisitions and Dispositions - Amounts Of Identifiable Assets Disposed And Liabilities Relinquished (Details) - Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 07, 2023
Birmingham Terminal
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Prepaid expenses and other	$ 1,225
Property, plant and equipment	7,012
Operating lease right-of-use assets	2,208
Goodwill	10,598
Accrued and other liabilities	(49)
Operating lease current liabilities	(427)
Operating lease long-term liabilities	(2,312)
Other liabilities	(556)
Total identifiable net assets disposed	17,902
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Accounts, Notes and Loans Receivable, Net	315
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Accounts Payable, Current	$ (112)
Ord Ethanol Plant
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Inventories		$ 3,164
Prepaid expenses and other		423
Property, plant and equipment		15,199
Operating lease right-of-use assets		3,428
Accrued and other liabilities		(162)
Operating lease current liabilities		(1,332)
Operating lease long-term liabilities		(2,096)
Other liabilities		(189)
Total identifiable net assets disposed		$ 18,435

Fair Value Disclosures - Assets

Fair Value Disclosures - Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 227,460	$ 349,574
Restricted cash	24,500	29,188
Inventories carried at market	32,336	45,898
Derivative financial instruments - assets	6,554	13,311
Other assets	15
Total assets measured at fair value	290,865	437,971
Liabilities
Accounts payable	20,794	54,716
Accrued and other liabilities	2,094	9,917
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities	9,169	10,577
Other liabilities	1,138	659
Total liabilities measured at fair value	33,195	75,869
Potential Earn-Out Payments
Liabilities
Accrued and other liabilities	2,100	9,900
Other liabilities	1,000	700
Quoted Prices in ‎ Active Markets for ‎Identical Assets (Level 1)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	227,460	349,574
Restricted cash	24,500	29,188
Inventories carried at market	0	0
Derivative financial instruments - assets	0	0
Other assets	0
Total assets measured at fair value	251,960	378,762
Liabilities
Accounts payable	0	0
Accrued and other liabilities	0	0
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities	0	0
Other liabilities	0	0
Total liabilities measured at fair value	0	0
Significant Other ‎Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Restricted cash	0	0
Inventories carried at market	32,336	45,898
Derivative financial instruments - assets	6,554	13,311
Other assets	15
Total assets measured at fair value	38,905	59,209
Liabilities
Accounts payable	20,794	54,716
Accrued and other liabilities	2,094	9,917
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities	9,169	10,577
Other liabilities	1,138	659
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$ 33,195	$ 75,869

Fair Value Disclosures - Narrat

Fair Value Disclosures - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair value of debt	$ 509.8	$ 585
Book value of debt	556.2	599.7
Fair value of accounts receivable	$ 74.7	$ 94.4

Segment Information - Narrative

Segment Information - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	2

Segment Information - Financial

Segment Information - Financial Data of Operating Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 658,735	$ 892,770	$ 1,874,774	$ 2,583,351
Cost of goods sold	580,626	818,008	1,750,475	2,492,427
Gross margin	78,109	74,762	124,299	90,924
Operating income (loss)	56,052	21,174	(6,548)	(77,846)
Depreciation and amortization	26,070	23,899	69,141	73,911
Lower of cost or market adjustment	10,100	1,700	10,100	1,700	$ 2,600
Gain on sale of assets	30,723	5,651	30,723	5,651
Technology-Based Intangible Assets
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Impairment of Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)	3,500		3,500
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	666,499	900,610	1,897,546	2,605,472
Intersegment Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	(7,764)	(7,840)	(22,772)	(22,121)
Cost of goods sold	(7,764)	(7,840)	(22,772)	(22,121)
Corporate Activities
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	12,982	(14,070)	(21,922)	(52,300)
Depreciation and amortization	4,121	769	5,112	2,425
Gain on sale of assets	30,700	5,700	30,700	5,700
Ethanol Production
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	563,564	774,321	1,592,274	2,198,736
Ethanol Production | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	564,639	775,529	1,595,741	2,202,182
Cost of goods sold	498,326	716,556	1,501,681	2,142,567
Gross margin	66,313	58,973	94,060	59,615
Operating income (loss)	35,240	23,931	(626)	(43,158)
Depreciation and amortization	21,444	22,596	62,522	69,603
Ethanol Production | Intersegment Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	(1,075)	(1,208)	(3,467)	(3,446)
Agribusiness & Energy Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	95,171	118,449	282,500	384,615
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	101,860	125,081	301,805	403,290
Cost of goods sold	90,064	109,292	271,566	371,981
Gross margin	11,796	15,789	30,239	31,309
Operating income (loss)	7,830	11,313	16,000	17,612
Depreciation and amortization	505	534	1,507	1,883
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Intersegment Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ (6,689)	$ (6,632)	$ (19,305)	$ (18,675)

Segment Information - Total Ass

Segment Information - Total Assets for Operating Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 1,759,954	$ 1,939,322
Operating Segments | Ethanol Production
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	1,300,845	1,275,562
Operating Segments | Agribusiness & Energy Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	301,409	413,937
Corporate assets
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	159,870	254,300
Intersegment Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	$ (2,170)	$ (4,477)

Inventories - Narrative (Detail

Inventories - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Lower of cost or market adjustment	$ 10.1	$ 1.7	$ 10.1	$ 1.7	$ 2.6

Inventories - Components of Inv

Inventories - Components of Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished goods	$ 63,327	$ 73,975
Commodities held for sale	32,336	45,898
Raw materials	29,430	32,820
Work-in-process	12,677	14,454
Supplies and parts	55,826	48,663
Inventories	$ 193,596	$ 215,810

Derivative Financial Instrume_3

Derivative Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ (3,583)		$ (3,583)		$ 3,160
Energy trading contracts gain	$ 1,000	$ (100)	$ 3,300	$ 4,100

Derivative Financial Instrume_4

Derivative Financial Instruments - Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives, Fair Value		$ 6,569	$ 13,311
Liability Derivatives, Fair Value		9,343	10,579
Fair Value Hedging
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments		1,300
Unrealized gains (loss) on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value instruments	$ 700
Cash Flow Hedging
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments	$ 700	(6,500)
Derivative Financial Instruments, Assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives, Fair Value		6,554	13,311
Net unrealized gains on exchange traded futures and options contracts included in balance sheet		17,400	6,500
Derivative Financial Instruments, Liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Liability Derivatives, Fair Value		9,169	10,577
Other assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives, Fair Value		15	0
Liability Derivatives, Fair Value		0	0
Other liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives, Fair Value		0	0
Liability Derivatives, Fair Value		$ 174	$ 2

Derivative Financial Instrume_5

Derivative Financial Instruments - Gain (Loss) in Statement of Financial Performance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	$ (7,942)	$ (14,151)	$ (17,227)	$ (21,123)
Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets	32,336		32,336		$ 45,898
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets	3,182		3,182		$ (1,104)
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	22,297	27,247	21,597	22,174
Revenues
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	5,146	(917)	8,882	(2,435)
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded	5,146	(917)	8,882	(2,435)
Cost of goods sold
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	(13,088)	(13,234)	(26,109)	(18,688)
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded	(11,962)	(13,221)	(25,926)	(17,171)
Commodity contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives	459	19,016	(8,363)	3,137
Commodity contracts | Revenues
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedges Recognized in Earnings	0	0	0	0
Commodity contracts | Cost of goods sold
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedges Recognized in Earnings	3,611	1,135	264	(9,286)
Exchange-traded futures and options | Revenues | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	10,253	3,484	9,034	(7,661)
Exchange-traded futures and options | Cost of goods sold | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	4,555	295	16,209	34,028
Forwards | Revenues | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	708	121	(3,736)	4,747
Forwards | Cost of goods sold | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	6,781	23,347	90	(8,940)
Exchange Future | Revenues
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	5,146	(917)	8,882	(2,435)
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedges Recognized in Earnings	0	0	0	0
Exchange Future | Cost of goods sold
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	(13,088)	(13,234)	(26,109)	(18,688)
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedges Recognized in Earnings	$ (2,485)	$ (1,122)	$ (81)	$ 10,803

Derivative Financial Instrume_6

Derivative Financial Instruments - Open Position Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) contract in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024 contract
Corn | Exchange Traded | Long | Equity Option
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(2,229)
Corn | Exchange Traded | Long | Cash Flow Hedging | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(23,210)
Corn | Exchange Traded | Short | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(2,245)
Corn | Exchange Traded | Short | Fair Value Hedging | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(3,520)
Corn | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(26,120)
Corn | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	0
Ethanol | Exchange Traded | Short | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(75,474)
Ethanol | Exchange Traded | Short | Cash Flow Hedging | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(71,820)
Ethanol | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(16,704)
Ethanol | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(202,175)
Natural Gas | Exchange Traded | Long | Equity Option
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(765)
Natural Gas | Exchange Traded | Long | Cash Flow Hedging | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(7,210)
Natural Gas | Exchange Traded | Short | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(458)
Natural Gas | Exchange Traded | Short | Fair Value Hedging | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(5,873)
Natural Gas | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(8,329)
Natural Gas | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(317)
Soybeans In Bushels | Exchange Traded | Long | Equity Option
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(3,384)
Soybean Meal in Tons | Exchange Traded | Long | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(2)
Soybean Meal in Tons | Exchange Traded | Long | Equity Option
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(3)
Distillers Grains in Tons | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(101)
Distillers Grains in Tons | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(300)
Corn Oil | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	0
Corn Oil | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Open commodity derivative positions, long (short) (in contracts)	(52,163)

Debt - Components of Long-Term

Debt - Components of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2021	Feb. 09, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total book value of long-term debt	$ 436,647	$ 498,763
Less: current maturities of long-term debt	(1,875)	(1,832)
Total long-term debt	431,189	491,918
Unamortized debt issuance costs	$ (3,583)	(5,013)
Convertible Notes | 2.25% Convertible Notes Due 2027 | Corporate Activities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	2.25%		2.25%
Face amount			$ 230,000
Total book value of long-term debt	$ 230,000	230,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	$ (3,000)	(4,000)
$75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	5.52%
Other Debt Obligations
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total book value of long-term debt	$ 9,647	14,669
Green Plains SPE LLC | $125.0 Million Junior Secured Mezzanine Notes Due 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	11.75%
Face amount	$ 125,000			$ 125,000
Total book value of long-term debt	125,000	125,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	$ (300)	(400)
Green Plains Shenandoah | $75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	5.02%
Face amount	$ 75,000
Total book value of long-term debt	72,000	73,125
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(300)	(300)
Partnership Segment [Member] | $60.0 Million Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total book value of long-term debt	0	55,969
Credit Facility | Partnership Segment [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	$ 60,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs		$ (300)

Debt - Components of Short-term

Debt - Components of Short-term Notes Payable and Other Borrowings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings	$ 123,116	$ 105,973
$350.0 million revolver
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	350,000
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings	109,000	99,000
Green Plains Commodity Management | $40.0 million hedge line
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	40,000
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings	$ 14,116	$ 6,973

Debt - Corporate Activities Nar

Debt - Corporate Activities Narrative (Details) - 2.25% Convertible Notes Due 2027 - Convertible Notes - Corporate Activities $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($) day $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount | $	$ 230
Interest rate, stated percentage	2.25%	2.25%
Debt conversion price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 31.62
Debt conversion price percentage	37.50%
Percent of excess of applicable conversion price	140%
Convertible threshold trading days (in days)	20
Consecutive convertible threshold trading days (in days)	30
Redemption price, percentage	100%
Percent of principal amount, cash price for repurchase	100%
Convertible rate	3.16206%

Debt - Ethanol Production Segme

Debt - Ethanol Production Segment, Partnership Segment, Covenant Compliance, and Restricted Net Assets Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 20, 2021	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / gal	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Feb. 09, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount of restricted net assets		$ 92,000		$ 92,000
Debt prepayment cost				29,196	$ 0
$125.0 Million Junior Secured Mezzanine Notes Due 2026 | Green Plains SPE LLC
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount		$ 125,000		$ 125,000		$ 125,000
Interest rate, stated percentage		11.75%		11.75%
Debt instrument, retired or refinanced term with no prepayment premium				42 months
$125.0 Million Junior Secured Mezzanine Notes Due 2026 | Green Plains SPE LLC | Elect To Pay In Cash
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage				6%
$125.0 Million Junior Secured Mezzanine Notes Due 2026 | Green Plains SPE LLC | Paid In Kind
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage				6.75%
$75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage		5.52%		5.52%
$75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement | Green Plains Shenandoah
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount		$ 75,000		$ 75,000
Interest rate, stated percentage		5.02%		5.02%
Annual principal payments		$ 1,500		$ 1,500
Minimum loan to value ratio, percent				50%
Fixed charge coverage ratio		1.25		1.25
Debt service reserve term of future payments				6 months
Minimum working capital required for compliance, per gallon (in dollars per gallon) | $ / gal				0.10
Minimum working capital required for compliance				$ 90,300
$75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement | Green Plains Shenandoah | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused capacity fee, percentage				0%
$75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement | Green Plains Shenandoah | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused capacity fee, percentage				1.50%
$60.0 Million Term Loan | Partnership Segment [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage		13.21%		13.21%
Option to prepay per quarter, amount			$ 1,500		$ 3,000
Debt prepayment cost		$ 53,000		$ 56,000
$60.0 Million Term Loan | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) | Partnership Segment [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage	8.26%

Debt - Agribusiness And Energy

Debt - Agribusiness And Energy Services Segment Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
	Mar. 25, 2022	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term note payable		$ 123,116	$ 105,973
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Green Plains Commodity Management | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity		$ 40,000
Interest rate, stated percentage		6.59%
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Green Plains Commodity Management | Revolving Credit Facility | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage		1.75%
$350.0 million revolver
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term note payable		$ 109,000	$ 99,000
$350.0 million revolver | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage		8.11%
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Minimum current ratio required		1
Minimum collateral coverage ratio required		1.20
Maximum debt to capitalization ratio required		0.60
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, term	5 years
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 350,000
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity		$ 350,000
Additional amounts available under facility, accordion feature		$ 100,000
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused capacity fee, percentage		0.275%
Change in control percentage benchmark		(0.025%)
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage		2.25%
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum | Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage		1.25%
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused capacity fee, percentage		0.375%
Change in control percentage benchmark		0.10%
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage		2.50%
$350.0 million revolver | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum | Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage		1.50%
Inventory Financing, $50.0 Million | Green Plains Grain
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term note payable		$ 0

GOODWILL (Details)

GOODWILL (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale | Birmingham Terminal
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 10,598
Ethanol
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 18,500	$ 29,100

Stock-Based Compensation - Narr

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Feb. 16, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized		6,900,000		6,900,000
Number of shares remaining available		2,200,000		2,200,000
Compensation costs expensed		$ 3.6	$ 2.7	$ 10.2	$ 9.4
Unrecognized compensation costs		$ 20.4		$ 20.4
Compensation expected to be recognized, weighted-average period in years				1 year 9 months 18 days
Potential tax benefit, percentage				23.90%
Green Plains Partners Long-Term Incentive Plan | Green Plains Partners Merger
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common Stock, Capital Shares Reserved for Future Issuance		1,200,000		1,200,000
Performance Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk free interest rate				4.44%
Dividend yield				0%
Expected volatility				54.60%
Closing stock price (in dollars per share)		$ 20.21		$ 20.21
Fair value (in dollars per share)		$ 25.23		$ 25.23
Non-vested, shares outstanding (in shares)		538,572		538,572		404,740
Vested (in shares)				136,475
Performance Shares | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Target percentage				100%
Number of Shares authorized, achievement of maximum goals				1,077,144
Achievement of maximum goals percentage				200%
Non-vested, shares outstanding (in shares)		538,572		538,572
Performance Shares | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Target percentage				100%
Vested (in shares)	118,673
Vested target percentage	115%
Issuance of common stock (in shares)	136,475

Stock-Based Compensation - Non-

Stock-Based Compensation - Non-Vested Stock Award and Deferred Stock Unit Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Awards And Deferred Stock Units	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
Non-Vested ‎ Shares and ‎ Deferred Stock ‎Units
Non-vested, beginning balance (in shares) | shares	607,894
Granted (in shares) | shares	454,875
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(7,324)
Vested (in shares) | shares	(350,436)
Non-vested, ending balance (in shares) | shares	705,009
Weighted- ‎Average Grant- ‎Date Fair Value
Non-vested, beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 30.79
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	20.32
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	24.92
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	29.42
Non-vested, ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 24.78
Non-vested, weighted-average remaining vesting term (in years)	1 year 10 months 24 days

Stock-Based Compensation - No_2

Stock-Based Compensation - Non-Vested Performance Share Award Activity (Details) - Performance Shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
Performance ‎Shares
Non-vested, beginning balance (in shares) | shares	404,740
Granted (in shares) | shares	270,307
Vested (in shares) | shares	(136,475)
Non-vested, ending balance (in shares) | shares	538,572
Weighted- ‎Average Grant- ‎Date Fair Value
Non-vested, beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 30.51
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	23
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	26.22
Non-vested, ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 27.82
Non-vested, weighted-average remaining vesting term (in years)	1 year 8 months 12 days

Stock-Based Compensation - No_3

Stock-Based Compensation - Non-Vested Unit-based Awards Activity (Details) - Non-vested Unit Based Awards Activity	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
Performance ‎Shares
Non-vested, beginning balance (in shares) | shares	18,549
Vested (in shares) | shares	(18,549)
Non-vested, ending balance (in shares) | shares	0
Weighted- ‎Average Grant- ‎Date Fair Value
Non-vested, beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 12.94
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	12.94
Non-vested, ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0
Non-vested, weighted-average remaining vesting term (in years)	0 years

Earnings Per Share (Details)

Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2021
EPS - basic
Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains	$ 48,200	$ 22,311	$ (27,562)	$ (100,617)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	63,946	58,910	63,741	58,780
EPS - basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.75	$ 0.38	$ (0.43)	$ (1.71)
EPS - diluted:
Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains	$ 48,200	$ 22,311	$ (27,562)	$ (100,617)
Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains - diluted	$ 49,409	$ 23,512	$ (27,562)	$ (100,617)
Effect of dilutive convertible debt:
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	71,660	67,402	63,741	58,780
EPS - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.69	$ 0.35	$ (0.43)	$ (1.71)
Anti-dilutive weighted-average convertible debt, warrants and stock-based compensation (in shares)	0	0	7,687	8,516
Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Share-Based Payment Arrangements	441	382	0	0
Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Conversion of Debt Securities	7,273	7,273	0	0
Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Call Options and Warrants	0	837	0	0
2.25% Convertible Notes Due 2027 | Convertible Notes
Effect of dilutive convertible debt:
Interest on Convertible Debt, Net of Tax	$ 1,209	$ 1,201	$ 0	$ 0
Corporate Activities | 2.25% Convertible Notes Due 2027 | Convertible Notes
Effect of dilutive convertible debt:
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	2.25%		2.25%		2.25%

Stockholders' Equity - Narrativ

Stockholders' Equity - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands, shares in Millions		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jan. 09, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)			$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Partnership Merger		$ (36,725)
Green Plains Partners Merger
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares issued	4.7		4.7
Consideration paid for business acquisition	$ 29,200		$ 29,200
Partnership Merger			133,800
Accumulated estimated fees			$ 7,500
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Partnership Merger		$ 5
Common Stock | Green Plains Partners Merger
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001		$ 0.001

Stockholders' Equity - Schedule

Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Stockholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 880,861	$ 900,468	$ 990,056	$ 925,852	$ 973,037	$ 1,061,066	$ 990,056	$ 1,061,066
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares)			2,805,059				2,805,059
Net loss	48,637	(24,038)	$ (51,122)	26,292	(48,320)	(66,249)	$ (26,523)	(88,277)
Noncontrolling Interest, Decrease from Distributions to Noncontrolling Interest Holders				(5,663)	(6,497)	(5,305)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification	338	(657)	(6,043)	14,469	710	(12,788)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	6,052	1,748	5,305	10,767	3,602	1,701	13,105	16,070
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	6,390	1,091	(738)	25,236	4,312	(11,087)	6,743	18,461
Investment in subsidiaries		167	166	65	8	185
Partnership Merger			(36,725)
Stock-based compensation	3,554	3,173	(1,169)	2,714	3,312	(5,573)
Investment in subsidiaries	(481)
Ending balance	938,961	880,861	900,468	974,496	925,852	973,037	938,961	974,496
Total Green Plains Stockholders' Equity
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	867,368	887,454	843,733	777,948	822,988	910,031	843,733	910,031
Net loss	48,200	(24,350)	(51,412)	22,311	(52,604)	(70,324)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification	338	(657)	(6,043)	14,469	710	(12,788)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	6,052	1,748	5,305	10,767	3,602	1,701
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	6,390	1,091	(738)	25,236	4,312	(11,087)
Partnership Merger			97,040
Stock-based compensation	3,554	3,173	(1,169)	2,654	3,252	(5,632)
Ending balance	$ 925,512	$ 867,368	$ 887,454	$ 828,149	$ 777,948	$ 822,988	$ 925,512	$ 828,149
Common Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Common stock, beginning balance (shares)	67,461,000	67,422,000	62,327,000	62,333,000	62,318,000	62,101,000	62,327,000	62,101,000
Beginning balance	$ 67	$ 67	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62
Partnership Merger (in shares)			4,746,000
Partnership Merger			$ 5
Stock-based compensation (in shares)	(4,000)	39,000	349,000	(15,000)	15,000	217,000
Common stock, ending balance (shares)	67,457,000	67,461,000	67,422,000	62,318,000	62,333,000	62,318,000	67,457,000	62,318,000
Ending balance	$ 67	$ 67	$ 67	$ 62	$ 62	$ 62	$ 67	$ 62
Additional Paid-in Capital
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	1,212,845	1,209,672	1,113,806	1,107,771	1,104,519	1,110,151	1,113,806	1,110,151
Partnership Merger			97,035
Stock-based compensation	3,554	3,173	(1,169)	2,654	3,252	(5,632)
Ending balance	1,216,399	1,212,845	1,209,672	1,110,425	1,107,771	1,104,519	1,216,399	1,110,425
Retained Deficit
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(311,563)	(287,213)	(235,801)	(265,345)	(212,741)	(142,417)	(235,801)	(142,417)
Net loss	48,200	(24,350)	(51,412)	22,311	(52,604)	(70,324)
Ending balance	(263,363)	(311,563)	(287,213)	(243,034)	(265,345)	(212,741)	(263,363)	(243,034)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(2,807)	(3,898)	(3,160)	(33,366)	(37,678)	(26,591)	(3,160)	(26,591)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification	338	(657)	(6,043)	14,469	710	(12,788)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	6,052	1,748	5,305	10,767	3,602	1,701
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	6,390	1,091	(738)	25,236	4,312	(11,087)
Ending balance	3,583	(2,807)	(3,898)	(8,130)	(33,366)	(37,678)	3,583	(8,130)
Treasury Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares)	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares)	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000	2,805,000
Ending balance	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)	$ (31,174)
Non- Controlling Interests
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	13,493	13,014	146,323	147,904	150,049	151,035	146,323	151,035
Net loss	437	312	290	3,981	4,284	4,075
Noncontrolling Interest, Decrease from Distributions to Noncontrolling Interest Holders				(5,663)	(6,497)	(5,305)
Investment in subsidiaries		167	166	65	8	185
Partnership Merger			(133,765)
Stock-based compensation				60	60	59
Investment in subsidiaries	(481)
Ending balance	$ 13,449	$ 13,493	$ 13,014	$ 146,347	$ 147,904	$ 150,049	$ 13,449	$ 146,347

Stockholders' Equity - Reclassi

Stockholders' Equity - Reclassification From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 658,735			$ 892,770			$ 1,874,774	$ 2,583,351
Income tax expense (benefit)	(825)			(7,763)			(769)	(5,353)
Net income (loss)	48,637	$ (24,038)	$ (51,122)	26,292	$ (48,320)	$ (66,249)	(26,523)	(88,277)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Income tax expense (benefit)	1,890			3,384			4,122	5,053
Net income (loss)	(6,052)			(10,767)			(13,105)	(16,070)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Accumulated Gain (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Including Noncontrolling Interest
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Income (loss) before income taxes and income from equity method investees	(7,942)			(14,151)			(17,227)	(21,123)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Commodity contracts | Accumulated Gain (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Including Noncontrolling Interest
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Revenues	5,146			(917)			8,882	(2,435)
Cost of goods sold	$ (13,088)			$ (13,234)			$ (26,109)	$ (18,688)

Income Taxes (Details)

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 16, 2022	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Incentives related tax credits	$ 370,000,000
Income tax benefit		$ 825	$ 7,763	$ 769	$ 5,353
Prior period reclassification adjustment	$ 1,000,000
Unrecognized tax benefits		51,400		$ 51,400
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Including Equity Method Investments		$ 1,500

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) d	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Trading Activity, Gains and Losses, Net [Line Items]
Contracted future purchases	$ 187,800
Future commitments for storage and transportation value	26,300
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation ‎and amortization of $730,948 and $686,077, respectively	$ 1,025,448	$ 1,021,928
Tallgrass High Plains Carbon Storage, LLC
Trading Activity, Gains and Losses, Net [Line Items]
Other Commitment, Period	12 years
Other Commitment, Number Of Plants Constructed | d	3
Construction in Progress
Trading Activity, Gains and Losses, Net [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation ‎and amortization of $730,948 and $686,077, respectively	$ 7,200
Minimum
Trading Activity, Gains and Losses, Net [Line Items]
Operating lease remaining lease term	1 year
Maximum
Trading Activity, Gains and Losses, Net [Line Items]
Operating lease remaining lease term	13 years 1 month 6 days

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 7,173	$ 7,155	$ 21,272	$ 20,744
Variable lease expense (benefit)	551	211	1,234	(96)
Total lease expense	$ 7,724	$ 7,366	$ 22,506	$ 20,648

Commitments and Contingencies_3

Commitments and Contingencies - Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related To Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flow from operating leases	$ 7,540	$ 7,075	$ 21,737	$ 19,914
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating leases	7,753	4,330	17,491	27,786
Right-Of-Use Assets Derecognized Due To Lease Modifications	2,208	3,428	2,208	3,428
Lease Obligations Derecognized Due To Lease Modifications	$ 2,739	$ 3,428	$ 2,739	$ 3,428

Commitments and Contingencies_4

Commitments and Contingencies - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Operating Leases (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term	4 years 1 month 6 days	4 years 6 months
Weighted average discount rate	5.32%	5.16%

Commitments and Contingencies_5

Commitments and Contingencies - Aggregate Minimum Lease Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 7,211
2025	25,420
2026	18,627
2027	14,356
2028	6,648
Thereafter	9,129
Total	81,391
Less: Present value discount	(8,543)
Lease liabilities	$ 72,848