Green Plains (GPRE) 10-K 7 Feb 25 2024 FY Annual report Financial data

Cover

Cover - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Feb. 04, 2025	Jun. 28, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-32924
Entity Registrant Name	GREEN PLAINS INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	IA
Entity Tax Identification Number	84-1652107
Entity Address, Address Line One	1811 Aksarben Drive
Entity Address, City or Town	Omaha
Entity Address, State or Province	NE
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	68106
City Area Code	402
Local Phone Number	884-8700
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
Trading Symbol	GPRE
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 1,000.7
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		64,729,446
Documents Incorporated by Reference	DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Entity Central Index Key	0001309402
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	KPMG LLP
Auditor Location	Omaha, NE
Auditor Firm ID	185

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 173,041	$ 349,574
Restricted cash	36,354	29,188
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $80 and $85, respectively	94,901	94,446
Inventories	227,444	215,810
Prepaid expenses and other	27,138	23,940
Derivative financial instruments	10,154	19,772
Total current assets	569,032	732,730
Property and equipment, net	1,042,460	1,021,928
Operating lease right-of-use assets	72,161	73,993
Other assets	98,521	110,671
Total assets	1,782,174	1,939,322
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	154,817	186,643
Accrued and other liabilities	53,712	57,029
Derivative financial instruments	9,500	10,577
Operating lease current liabilities	24,711	22,908
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings	140,829	105,973
Current maturities of long-term debt	2,118	1,832
Total current liabilities	385,687	384,962
Long-term debt	432,460	491,918
Operating lease long-term liabilities	49,190	53,879
Other liabilities	40,300	18,507
Total liabilities	907,637	949,266
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized; ‎67,512,282 and 62,326,622 shares issued, and 64,707,223 ‎and 59,521,563 shares outstanding, respectively	68	62
Additional paid-in capital	1,213,646	1,113,806
Retained deficit	(318,298)	(235,801)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	973	(3,160)
Treasury stock, 2,805,059 shares	(31,174)	(31,174)
Total Green Plains stockholders' equity	865,215	843,733
Noncontrolling interests	9,322	146,323
Total stockholders' equity	874,537	990,056
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 1,782,174	$ 1,939,322

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, allowances	$ 80	$ 85
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	150,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	67,512,282	62,326,622
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	64,707,223	59,521,563
Treasury stock, common (in shares)	2,805,059

Consolidated Statements Of Oper

Consolidated Statements Of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 2,458,796	$ 3,295,743	$ 3,662,849
Costs and expenses
Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses reflected below)	2,328,346	3,130,992	3,550,169
Selling, general and administrative expenses	118,045	133,350	118,930
Gain on sale of assets	(30,723)	(5,265)	0
Depreciation and amortization expenses	90,587	98,244	92,698
Total costs and expenses	2,506,255	3,357,321	3,761,797
Operating loss	(47,459)	(61,578)	(98,948)
Other income (expense)
Interest income	7,560	11,707	5,277
Interest expense	(33,095)	(37,703)	(32,642)
Other, net	1,696	5,225	27,612
Total other income (expense)	(23,839)	(20,771)	247
Loss before income taxes and income (loss) from equity method investees	(71,298)	(82,349)	(98,701)
Income tax benefit (expense)	(6,212)	5,617	(4,747)
Income (loss) from equity method investees, net of income taxes	(3,679)	433	71
Net loss	(81,189)	(76,299)	(103,377)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,308	17,085	23,841
Net loss attributable to Green Plains	$ (82,497)	$ (93,384)	$ (127,218)
Earnings per share
Net loss attributable to Green Plains - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (1.29)	$ (1.59)	$ (2.29)
Net loss attributable to Green Plains - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1.29)	$ (1.59)	$ (2.29)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	63,796,000	58,814,000	55,541,000
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	63,796,000	58,814,000	55,541,000

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (81,189)	$ (76,299)	$ (103,377)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives arising during the period, net of tax benefit (expense) of $1,919, ($2,021) and $5,092, respectively	(6,082)	6,348	(16,109)
Reclassification of realized losses on derivatives, net of tax benefit of ($3,223), ($5,438) and ($578), respectively	10,215	17,083	1,828
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	4,133	23,431	(14,281)
Comprehensive loss	(77,056)	(52,868)	(117,658)
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,308	17,085	23,841
Comprehensive loss attributable to Green Plains	$ (78,364)	$ (69,953)	$ (141,499)

Consolidated Statements of Co_2

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Tax (expense) benefit on unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives arising during the period	$ 1,919	$ (2,021)	$ 5,092
Tax expense (benefit) on reclassification of realized losses (gains) on derivatives	$ (3,223)	$ (5,438)	$ (578)

Consolidated Statements Of Stoc

Consolidated Statements Of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022	4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024	4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024 Convertible Notes Corporate Activities	4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022 Convertible Notes Corporate Activities	Total Green Plains Stockholders' Equity	Total Green Plains Stockholders' Equity 4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022	Total Green Plains Stockholders' Equity 4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Additional Paid-in Capital 4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022	Additional Paid-in Capital 4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024	Retained (Deficit)	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Treasury Stock	Treasury Stock 4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022	Treasury Stock 4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024	Non- Controlling Interests
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021									61,840,000
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 1,102,019					$ 950,500			$ 62	$ 1,069,573			$ (15,199)	$ (12,310)	$ (91,626)			$ 151,519
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021															8,244,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	(103,377)					(127,218)							(127,218)					23,841
Cash dividends and distributions declared	(25,240)																	(25,240)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	(16,109)					(16,109)								(16,109)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	1,828					1,828								1,828
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(14,281)					(14,281)								(14,281)
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Redemption Of Convertible Securities												$ 15,797
Stock Issued During Period, Share, Redemption Of Convertible Securities																	(4,251,000)
Stock-based compensation (in shares)									261,000
Stock-based compensation	5,265					5,025				5,025								240
Exchange of convertible notes (in shares)																(1,188,000)
Exchange of convertible notes		$ 32,967	$ 63,038				$ 32,967	$ 63,038			$ 19,756					$ 13,211	$ 47,241
Investment in subsidiaries	675																	675
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022									62,101,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	1,061,066					910,031			$ 62	1,110,151			(142,417)	(26,591)	$ (31,174)			151,035
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022															2,805,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	(76,299)					(93,384)							(93,384)					17,085
Cash dividends and distributions declared	(22,728)																	(22,728)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	6,348					6,348								6,348
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	17,083					17,083								17,083
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	23,431					23,431								23,431
Stock-based compensation (in shares)									226,000
Stock-based compensation	4,014					3,655				3,655								359
Investment in subsidiaries	$ 572																	572
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	59,521,563								62,327,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 990,056					843,733			$ 62	1,113,806			(235,801)	(3,160)	$ (31,174)			146,323
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023															2,805,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage				4%	4.125%
Net income (loss)	(81,189)					(82,497)							(82,497)					1,308
Cash dividends and distributions declared	(5,165)																	(5,165)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	(6,082)					(6,082)								(6,082)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	10,215					10,215								10,215
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	4,133					4,133								4,133
Partnership Merger (in shares)									4,746,000
Partnership Merger	(36,725)					97,040			$ 5	97,035								(133,765)
Stock-based compensation (in shares)									439,000
Stock-based compensation	3,575					3,575			$ 1	3,574								0
Investment in subsidiaries	$ (148)					(769)				(769)								621
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	64,707,223								67,512,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2024	$ 874,537					$ 865,215			$ 68	$ 1,213,646			$ (318,298)	$ 973	$ (31,174)			$ 9,322
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	2,805,059														2,805,000

Consolidated Statements Of St_2

Consolidated Statements Of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - Convertible Notes - Corporate Activities	Dec. 31, 2023
4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024
Interest rate, stated percentage	4%
4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022
Interest rate, stated percentage	4.125%

Consolidated Statements Of Cash

Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (81,189)	$ (76,299)	$ (103,377)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	90,587	98,244	92,698
Amortization of debt issuance costs and non-cash interest expense	2,277	2,693	3,894
Gain on the sale of assets	(30,723)	(5,265)	0
Inventory lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment	2,143	2,627	12,323
Loss on extinguishment of debt	1,763	0	419
Deferred income taxes	3,944	(6,855)	4,515
Stock-based compensation	8,274	13,032	9,071
Loss (income) from equity method investees, net of income taxes	3,679	(433)	(71)
Distribution from equity method investees	575	0	637
Other	165	2,203	(786)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities before effects of asset dispositions
Accounts receivable	(455)	14,164	8,519
Inventories	(12,745)	53,472	(23,435)
Derivative financial instruments	13,980	(2,919)	(7,145)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(5,165)	(3,704)	(3,354)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(27,907)	(34,573)	75,311
Current income taxes	(285)	497	841
Other	1,117	(538)	(351)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(29,965)	56,346	69,709
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment, net	(95,084)	(108,093)	(212,366)
Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities	0	0	124,523
Proceeds from the sale of assets, net	48,704	25,403	0
Investment in equity method investees	(15,672)	(24,206)	(17,156)
Other investing activities	0	0	(253)
Net cash used in investing activities	(62,052)	(106,896)	(105,252)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt	0	0	45,000
Payments of principal on long-term debt	(61,697)	(4,838)	(1,751)
Proceeds from short-term borrowings	758,095	1,190,999	1,863,315
Payments on short-term borrowings	(724,133)	(1,223,785)	(1,898,414)
Payments on extinguishment of convertible debt	0	0	(1,766)
Payments on extinguishment of non-controlling interest	(29,196)	0	0
Payments of dividends and distributions	(5,165)	(22,728)	(22,555)
Payments of transaction costs	(5,951)	0	0
Payments of loan fees	(1,544)	(16)	(2,522)
Payments related to tax withholdings for stock-based compensation	(4,699)	(9,018)	(3,806)
Other financing activities	(3,060)	(1,578)	(2,641)
Net cash used in financing activities	(77,350)	(70,964)	(25,140)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(169,367)	(121,514)	(60,683)
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period	378,762	500,276	560,959
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period	209,395	378,762	500,276
Reconciliation of total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents	173,041	349,574	444,661
Restricted cash	36,354	29,188	55,615
Total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash	209,395	378,762	500,276
Non-cash financing activity
Issuance of common stock as a result of the Merger	5	0	0
Extinguishment of non-controlling interest within additional paid-in capital	133,765	0	0
Exchange of 4.00% convertible notes due 2024 for shares of common stock held in treasury stock	0	0	64,000
Exchange of 4.125% convertible notes due 2022 for shares of common stock held in treasury stock	0	0	32,550
Cash Flow, Noncash Investing and Financing Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Assets disposed of in sale	21,027	22,351	0
Less: liabilities relinquished	(3,295)	(3,779)	0
Net assets disposed	17,732	18,572	0
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow
Cash paid for income taxes, net	486	1,242	583
Cash paid for interest	31,314	35,161	30,889
Capital expenditures in accounts payable	5,502	7,001	17,140
Capital expenditures in other liabilities	$ 17,918	$ 0	$ 0

Consolidated Statements Of Ca_2

Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Capital expenditures in other liabilities	$ 17,918	$ 0	$ 0
Non-cash asset retirement obligation additions	$ 1,492	$ 3,013	$ 2,018
Convertible Notes | 4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024 | Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	4%
Convertible Notes | 4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022 | Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	4.125%

Basis of Presentation and Descr

Basis of Presentation and Description of Business	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation and Description of Business	BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS References to the Company References to “Green Plains” or the “company” in the consolidated financial statements and in these notes to the consolidated financial statements refer to Green Plains Inc., an Iowa corporation, and its subsidiaries. Consolidated Financial Statements The consolidated financial statements include the company’s accounts, and all significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated. Unconsolidated entities are included in the financial statements on an equity basis. On January 9, 2024, the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement were completed and the company acquired all of the publicly held common units of the partnership not already owned by the company and its affiliates. Refer to Note 4 – Merger and Dispositions included herein for more information. The company also owns a majority interest in FQT, with their results being consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications did not affect total revenues, costs and expenses or net income, but increased cost of goods sold and decreased gross margin, within the ethanol production segment. Costs historically reported as operations and maintenance expenses in the consolidated statements of operations are now being reported within cost of goods sold. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The company bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions it believes are proper and reasonable under the circumstances and regularly evaluates the appropriateness of its estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain accounting policies, including but not limited to those relating to derivative financial instruments and accounting for income taxes, are impacted significantly by judgments, assumptions and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Description of Business The company operates within two operating segments: (1) ethanol production, which includes the production, storage and transportation of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil and (2) agribusiness and energy services, which includes grain handling and storage, commodity marketing and merchant trading for company-produced and third-party ethanol, distillers grains, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities. • Ethanol Production. Our ethanol production segment includes the production, storage and transportation of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil at ten biorefineries in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska and Tennessee. At capacity, our facilities are capable of processing approximately 310 million bushels of corn per year and producing approximately 903 million gallons of ethanol, 2.2 million tons of distillers grains and Ultra-High Protein, and 310 million pounds of renewable corn oil, a low-carbon feedstock for biodiesel and renewable diesel. We are one of the largest ethanol producers in North America. • Agribusiness and Energy Services. Our agribusiness and energy services segment includes grain procurement, with approximately 20.2 million bushels of grain storage capacity, and our commodity marketing business, which markets, sells and distributes the ethanol, distillers grains and renewable corn oil produced at our ethanol plants. We also market ethanol for a third-party producer as well as buy and sell ethanol, distillers grains, renewable corn oil, grain, natural gas and other commodities in various markets. As a result of the Merger, the partnership's operations are included in the ethanol production operating segment.

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include bank deposits as well as short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Restricted Cash The company has restricted cash, which can only be used for funding letters of credit and for payment towards a credit agreement. Restricted cash also includes cash margins and securities pledged to commodity exchange clearinghouses. To the degree these segregated balances are cash and cash equivalents, they are considered restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets. Revenue Recognition The company recognizes revenue when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Sales, value add, and other taxes the company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Sales of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities by the company’s marketing business are recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services. Revenues related to marketing for third parties are presented on a gross basis as the company controls the product prior to the sale to the end customer, takes title of the product and has inventory risk. Unearned revenue is recorded for goods in transit when the company has received payment but control has not yet been transferred to the customer. Revenues for receiving, storing, transferring and transporting ethanol and other fuels are recognized when the product is delivered to the customer. The company routinely enters into physical-delivery energy commodity purchase and sale agreements. At times, the company settles these transactions by transferring its obligations to other counterparties rather than delivering the physical commodity. Revenues include net gains or losses from derivatives related to products sold while cost of goods sold includes net gains or losses from derivatives related to commodities purchased. Revenues also include realized gains and losses on related derivative financial instruments and reclassifications of realized gains and losses on cash flow hedges from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Sales of products are recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer, which depends on the agreed upon shipment or delivery terms. Shipping and Handling Costs The company accounts for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill its promise to transfer the associated products. Accordingly, the company records customer payments associated with shipping and handling costs as a component of revenue, and classifies such costs as a component of cost of goods sold. Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold includes materials, direct labor, shipping, plant overhead and transportation costs. Materials include the cost of corn feedstock, denaturant, and process chemicals. Corn feedstock costs include gains and losses on related derivative financial instruments not designated as cash flow hedges, inbound freight charges, inspection costs and transfer costs, as well as reclassifications of gains and losses on cash flow hedges from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Direct labor includes all compensation and related benefits of non-management personnel involved in production. Shipping costs incurred by the company, including railcar costs, are also reflected in cost of goods sold. Plant overhead consists primarily of plant utilities, repairs and maintenance and outbound freight charges. Transportation costs include railcar leases, freight and shipping of the company's products, as well as storage costs incurred at destination terminals. The company uses exchange-traded futures and options contracts and forward purchase and sale contracts to attempt to minimize the effect of price changes on ethanol, renewable corn oil, grain and natural gas. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued at quoted market prices and settled predominantly in cash. The company is exposed to loss when counterparties default on forward purchase and sale contracts. Grain inventories held for sale and forward purchase and sale contracts are valued at market prices when available or other market quotes adjusted for basis differences, primarily in transportation, between the exchange-traded market and local market where the terms of the contract are based. Changes in forward purchase contracts and exchange-traded futures and options contracts are recognized as a component of cost of goods sold. Derivative Financial Instruments The company uses various derivative financial instruments, including exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and over-the-counter options contracts, to attempt to minimize risk and the effect of commodity price changes including but not limited to, corn, ethanol, natural gas and other agricultural and energy products. The company monitors and manages this exposure as part of its overall risk management policy to reduce the adverse effect market volatility may have on its operating results. The company may hedge these commodities as one way to mitigate risk; however, there may be situations when these hedging activities themselves result in losses. By using derivatives to hedge exposures to changes in commodity prices, the company is exposed to credit and market risk. The company’s exposure to credit risk includes the counterparty’s failure to fulfill its performance obligations under the terms of the derivative contract. The company minimizes its credit risk by entering into transactions with high quality counterparties, limiting the amount of financial exposure it has with each counterparty and monitoring their financial condition. Market risk is the risk that the value of the financial instrument might be adversely affected by a change in commodity prices or interest rates. The company manages market risk by incorporating parameters to monitor exposure within its risk management strategy, which limits the types of derivative instruments and strategies the company can use and the degree of market risk it can take using derivative instruments. Forward contracts are recorded at fair value unless the contracts qualify for, and the company elects, normal purchase or sale exceptions. Changes in fair value are recorded in operating income unless the contracts qualify for, and the company elects, cash flow hedge accounting treatment. Certain qualifying derivatives related to ethanol production and agribusiness and energy services are designated as cash flow hedges. The company evaluates the derivative instrument to ascertain its effectiveness prior to entering into cash flow hedges. Unrealized gains and losses are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss until the gain or loss from the underlying hedged transaction is realized and the physical transaction is completed. When it becomes probable a forecasted transaction will not occur, the cash flow hedge treatment is discontinued, which affects earnings. These derivative financial instruments are recognized in current assets or current liabilities at fair value. At times, the company hedges its exposure to changes in inventory values and designates qualifying derivatives as fair value hedges. The carrying amount of the hedged inventory is adjusted in the current period for changes in fair value. Estimated fair values carried at market are based on exchange-quoted prices, adjusted as appropriate for regional location basis values which represent differences in local markets including transportation as well as quality or grade differences. Basis values are generally determined using inputs from broker quotations or other market transactions. However, a portion of the value may be derived using unobservable inputs. Ineffectiveness of the hedges is recognized in the current period to the extent the change in fair value of the inventory is not offset by the change in fair value of the derivative. Concentrations of Credit Risk The company is exposed to credit risk resulting from the possibility that another party may fail to perform according to the terms of the company’s contract. The company sells ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil and markets products for third parties, which can result in concentrations of credit risk from a variety of customers, including major integrated oil companies, large independent refiners, petroleum wholesalers and other marketers. The company also sells grain to large commercial buyers. Although payments are typically received within fifteen days of the sale, the company continually monitors its exposure. The company is also exposed to credit risk on prepayments of undelivered inventories with a few major suppliers of petroleum products and agricultural inputs. The company has master netting arrangements with various counterparties for the purchase and sale of natural gas. On the consolidated balance sheets, the associated net amount for each counterparty is reflected as either an accounts receivable or accounts payable. If the amount for each counterparty were reflected on a gross basis, the company's accounts receivable and accounts payable would increase by $0.5 million and $1.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Inventories Corn held for ethanol production, ethanol, distillers grain, Ultra-High Protein, and renewable corn oil inventories are recorded at the lower of average cost or net realizable value, except fair-value hedged inventories. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is generally calculated using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful life of the assets: Years Buildings and improvements 10-40 Plant equipment 15-40 Other machinery and equipment 5-7 Land improvements 15-40 Railroad track and equipment 20-30 Computer hardware and software 3-5 Office furniture and equipment 5-7 Property and equipment is capitalized at cost. Land improvements, interest incurred during construction and other property improvements are capitalized and depreciated. Betterment of property assets are those that extend the useful life, increase the capacity or improve the operating efficiency or improve the safety of our operations. Costs of repairs and normal maintenance are charged to expense when incurred. The company periodically evaluates whether events and circumstances have occurred that warrant a revision of the estimated useful life of its fixed assets. Intangible Assets Our intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships, intellectual property, and licenses. These intangible assets were capitalized at fair market value and are being amortized over their estimated useful lives. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The company reviews its long-lived assets, currently consisting of property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, intangible assets and equity method investments, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Significant management judgment is required to determine the fair value of our long-lived assets and measure impairment, which includes projected cash flows. Fair value is determined by using various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, sales of comparable properties and third-party independent appraisals. Changes in estimated fair value could result in an impairment of the asset. There were no material impairment charges recorded for the periods reported. Goodwill Goodwill is an asset representing the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized. The determination of goodwill takes into consideration the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets. The company’s goodwill is related to an acquisition within our ethanol production segment. The company is required to perform impairment tests related to goodwill annually, which it performs as of October 1, or if an indicator of impairment occurs. Circumstances that may indicate impairment include a decline in the company’s future projected cash flows, a decision to suspend plant operations for an extended period of time, sustained decline in the company’s market capitalization or market prices for similar assets or businesses, or a significant adverse change in legal or regulatory matters or business climate. Significant management judgment is required to determine the fair value of goodwill and measure impairment, which include, but are not limited to, market capitalization, prospective financial information, growth rates, discount rates, inflationary factors, and cost of capital. Fair value is determined by using various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, sales of comparable properties and third-party independent appraisals. Changes in estimated fair value could result in a write-down of the asset. Leases The company leases certain facilities, parcels of land, and equipment. These leases are accounted for as operating leases, with lease expense recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The term of the lease may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that such options will be exercised. For leases with initial terms greater than 12 months, the company records operating lease right-of-use assets and corresponding operating lease liabilities. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. The company did not incur any material short-term lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022. Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the right to control an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. These assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the incremental borrowing rate is used based on information available at commencement date to determine the present value of future payments. The company elected to utilize a portfolio approach for lease classification, which allows for an entity to group together leases with similar characteristics provided that its application does not create a material difference when compared to accounting for the leases at a contract level. For railcar leases, the company elected to combine the railcars within each rider and account for each rider as an individual lease. From a lessee perspective, the company combines both the lease and non-lease components and accounts for them as one lease. Certain of the company’s railcar agreements provide for maintenance costs to be the responsibility of the company as incurred or charged by the lessor. This maintenance cost is a non-lease component that the company combines with the monthly rental payment and accounts for the total cost as operating lease expense. In addition, the company has a land lease that contains a non-lease component for the handling and unloading services the landlord provides. The company combines the cost of services with the land lease cost and accounts for the total as operating lease expense. Investments in Equity Method Investees The company accounts for investments in which the company exercises significant influence using the equity method so long as the company (i) does not control the investee and (ii) is not the primary beneficiary of the entity. The company recognizes these investments as a separate line item in the consolidated balance sheets and its proportionate share of earnings on a separate line item in the consolidated statements of operations. The company recognizes losses in the value of equity method investments when there is evidence of an other-than-temporary decrease in value. Evidence of a loss might include, but would not necessarily be limited to, the inability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the inability of the equity method investee to sustain an earnings capacity that justifies the carrying amount of the investment. The current fair value of an investment that is less than its carrying amount may indicate a loss in value of the investment. The company evaluates equity method investments for impairment if there is evidence an investment may be impaired. Distributions paid to the company from unconsolidated affiliates are classified as operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows until the cumulative distributions exceed the company’s proportionate share of income from the unconsolidated affiliate since the date of initial investment. The amount of cumulative distributions paid to the company that exceeds the cumulative proportionate share of income in each period represents a return of investment, which is classified as an investing activity in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Our equity method investments, which consist primarily of our 50% investment in GP Turnkey Tharaldson LLC, totaled $51.6 million and $41.7 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are reflected in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. Interest capitalized related to our equity method investments during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled $0.8 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Financing Costs Fees and costs related to securing debt are recorded as financing costs. Debt issuance costs are stated at cost and are amortized using the effective interest method for term loans and the straight-line basis over the life of the agreements for revolving credit arrangements and convertible notes. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of various expenses including employee salaries, incentives and benefits; office expenses; director compensation; professional fees for accounting, legal, consulting, and investor relations activities. Stock-Based Compensation The company recognizes compensation cost using a fair value based method whereby compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the market price of the award on the date of the award agreement, or an estimated fair value for market-based awards, and is recognized over the service period on a straight-line basis, which is usually the vesting period. Income Taxes The provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial reporting carrying amount of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operating results in the period of enactment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The company recognizes uncertainties in income taxes within the financial statements under a process by which the likelihood of a tax position is gauged based upon the technical merits of the position, and then a subsequent measurement relates the maximum benefit and the degree of likelihood to determine the amount of benefit recognized in the financial statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which provides clarity in assessing an entity's performance and prospects for future cash flows by disclosure of more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. ASU 2024-03 is effective for the company's fiscal year-ended December 31, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the company's fiscal year-ended December 31, 2025. The ASU indicates that all entities will apply its guidance prospectively with an option for retroactive application to each period in the financial statements. The company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures , which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The company adopted the amended guidance for the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2024. Refer to Note 6 – Segment Information included in the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements included herein for more information about our segment reporting.

Revenue

Revenue	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue	REVENUE Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Sales, value add, and other taxes the company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Revenue by Source The following tables disaggregate revenue by major source (in thousands): Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2024 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Services Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 88,660 10,015 — 98,675 Renewable corn oil — — — — Other 55,613 8,685 — 64,298 Intersegment revenues 3,707 287 (3,994) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 147,980 18,987 (3,994) 162,973 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 1,522,215 329,768 — 1,851,983 Distillers grains 252,694 28,630 — 281,324 Renewable corn oil 136,671 3,346 — 140,017 Other 7,529 14,970 — 22,499 Intersegment revenues — 25,406 (25,406) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 1,919,109 402,120 (25,406) 2,295,823 Total Revenues $ 2,067,089 $ 421,107 $ (29,400) $ 2,458,796 Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Services Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 85,474 — — 85,474 Renewable corn oil — — — — Other 35,222 15,593 — 50,815 Intersegment revenues 4,555 239 (4,794) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 125,251 15,832 (4,794) 136,289 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 2,117,296 388,764 — 2,506,060 Distillers grains 377,357 34,818 — 412,175 Renewable corn oil 179,424 8,048 — 187,472 Other 25,213 28,534 — 53,747 Intersegment revenues — 24,907 (24,907) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 2,699,290 485,071 (24,907) 3,159,454 Total Revenues $ 2,824,541 $ 500,903 $ (29,701) $ 3,295,743 Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2022 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Services Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 28,634 — — 28,634 Renewable corn oil — — — — Other 42,135 7,787 — 49,922 Intersegment revenues 4,445 229 (4,674) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 75,214 8,016 (4,674) 78,556 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 2,286,886 481,392 — 2,768,278 Distillers grains 493,605 45,766 — 539,371 Renewable corn oil 195,114 3,954 — 199,068 Other 27,821 49,755 — 77,576 Intersegment revenues — 26,732 (26,732) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 3,003,426 607,599 (26,732) 3,584,293 Total Revenues $ 3,078,640 $ 615,615 $ (31,406) $ 3,662,849 (1) Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives represent physically settled derivative sales that are outside the scope of ASC 606. Major Customer Revenues from Customer A represented 13% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024, which are recorded within the ethanol production segment. Revenues from Customer A and Customer B represented 15% and 10% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023, respectively, which are recorded within the ethanol production segment. Customer A represented 13% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022, which are recorded within the ethanol production segment. Payment Terms The company has standard payment terms, which vary depending upon the nature of the services provided, with the majority falling within 10 to 30 days after transfer of control or completion of services. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the company has determined that contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. Contract Liabilities The company records unearned revenue when consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of service agreements. Unearned revenue from service agreements, which represents a contract liability, is recorded for fees that have been charged to the customer prior to the completion of performance obligations. Unearned revenue is generally recognized in the subsequent period and is not material to the company. The company expects to recognize all of the unearned revenue associated with service agreements as of December 31, 2024 when the services are provided.

Acquisitions and Dispositions

Acquisitions and Dispositions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Business Combinations [Abstract]
Acquisitions and Dispositions	AND DISPOSITIONS Green Plains Partners Merger On January 9, 2024, the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement were completed and the company issued approximately 4.7 million shares of common stock to acquire all of the publicly held common units of the partnership not already owned by the company prior to the Merger at a fixed exchange ratio of 0.405 shares of the company's common stock, par value $0.001 per share, along with $2.50 of cash consideration for each partnership common unit. The total consideration as a result of the Merger was $143.1 million, which was comprised of $29.2 million in cash and $113.9 million of common stock exchanged. As a result of the Merger, the partnership's common units are no longer publicly traded. The interests in the partnership owned by the company and its subsidiaries remained outstanding as limited partner interests in the surviving entity until the partnership was dissolved in the fourth quarter of 2024. Since the company controlled the partnership prior to the Merger and continued to control the partnership after the Merger, the company accounted for the change in its ownership interest in the partnership as an equity transaction during the year ended December 31, 2024, which is reflected as a reduction of non-controlling interest with a corresponding increase to common stock and additional paid-in capital. No gain or loss was recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as a result of the Merger. Prior to the effective time of the Merger on January 9, 2024, public unitholders owned a 49.2% limited partner interest, the company owned a 48.8% limited partner interest and a 2.0% general partner interest in the partnership. The earnings of the partnership that were attributed to its common units held by the public for the year ended December 31, 2023 are reflected in net income attributable to non-controlling interest in the consolidated statements of operations. In 2024, the non-controlling interest attributed to the partnership common units held by the public of $133.8 million were recorded as a reduction of non-controlling interest with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital. The company incurred transaction costs of $5.5 million related to the Merger during the year ended December 31, 2024 and $2.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. These costs were directly related to the Merger consisting primarily of financial advisory services, legal services and other professional fees, and were recorded as an offset to the issuance of common stock within additional paid-in capital. Disposition of Birmingham Terminal On September 30, 2024, the company completed the sale of the terminal located in Birmingham, Alabama and certain related assets and transfer of liabilities (the "Birmingham Transaction") for a sale price of $47.5 million, plus working capital of $1.2 million. The company recorded a pretax gain on the sale of $30.7 million. The proceeds from the sale were used to repay the outstanding balance of the Green Plains Partners term loan due July 20, 2026. The assets sold and liabilities transferred of the Birmingham Transaction at closing on September 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands): Amounts of Identifiable Assets Disposed and Liabilities Relinquished Prepaid expenses and other 1,209 Property and equipment 7,012 Operating lease right-of-use assets 2,208 Goodwill 10,598 Operating lease current liabilities (427) Operating lease long-term liabilities (2,312) Other liabilities (556) Total identifiable net assets disposed $ 17,732 Disposition of the Atkinson Ethanol Plant On September 7, 2023, the company completed the sale of the plant located in Atkinson, Nebraska and certain related assets and transfer of liabilities ("the Atkinson Transaction") for a sale price of $22.9 million, plus working capital of $1.1 million. Correspondingly, the company entered into a separate asset purchase agreement with the partnership for $2.1 million to acquire the storage assets and the associated railcar operating leases. The divested assets were reported within the company’s ethanol production, agribusiness and energy services and partnership segments. The company recorded a pretax gain on the sale of the Atkinson plant of $4.1 million recorded within corporate activities. The assets sold and liabilities transferred of the Atkinson plant at closing on September 7, 2023 were as follows: (in thousands): Amounts of Identifiable Assets Disposed and Liabilities Relinquished Inventories $ 3,164 Prepaid expenses and other 423 Property, plant and equipment 15,199 Operating lease right-of-use assets 3,428 Accrued and other liabilities (162) Operating lease current liabilities (1,332) Operating lease long-term liabilities (2,096) Other liabilities (189) Total identifiable net assets disposed $ 18,435

Fair Value Disclosures

Fair Value Disclosures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Disclosures	FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES The following methods, assumptions and valuation techniques were used in estimating the fair value of the company’s financial instruments: Level 1 – unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities the company can access at the measurement date. Level 2 – directly or indirectly observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets other than quoted prices included within Level 1, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or can be substantially corroborated by observable market data through correlation or other means. Fair value hedged inventories in the agribusiness and energy services segment as well as forward commodity purchase and sale contracts are valued at nearby futures values, plus or minus nearby basis values, which represent differences in local markets including transportation or commodity quality or grade differences. Level 3 – unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and comprise a significant component of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The company currently does not have any recurring Level 3 financial instruments. Derivative contracts include exchange-traded commodity futures and options contracts and forward commodity purchase and sale contracts. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are classified in Level 1. The majority of the company’s exchange-traded futures and options contracts are cash-settled on a daily basis. There have been no changes in valuation techniques and inputs used in measuring fair value. The company’s assets and liabilities by level are as follows (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Quoted Prices in Significant Other Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 173,041 $ — $ 173,041 Restricted cash 36,354 — 36,354 Inventories carried at market — 48,500 48,500 Derivative financial instruments - assets — 10,154 10,154 Total assets measured at fair value $ 209,395 $ 58,654 $ 268,049 Liabilities Accounts payable (1) $ — $ 23,208 $ 23,208 Accrued and other liabilities (2) — 2,094 2,094 Derivative financial instruments - liabilities — 4,791 4,791 Other liabilities (2) — 979 979 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ — $ 31,072 $ 31,072 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023 Quoted Prices in Significant Other Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 349,574 $ — $ 349,574 Restricted cash 29,188 — 29,188 Inventories carried at market — 45,898 45,898 Derivative financial instruments - assets — 13,311 13,311 Total assets measured at fair value $ 378,762 $ 59,209 $ 437,971 Liabilities Accounts payable (1) $ — $ 54,716 $ 54,716 Accrued and other liabilities (2) — 9,917 9,917 Derivative financial instruments - liabilities — 10,577 10,577 Other liabilities (2) — 659 659 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ — $ 75,869 $ 75,869 (1) Accounts payable is generally stated at historical amounts with the exception of $23.2 million and $54.7 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to certain delivered inventory for which the payable fluctuates based on changes in commodity prices. These payables are hybrid financial instruments for which the company has elected the fair value option. (2) As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, accrued and other liabilities includes $2.1 million and $9.9 million and other liabilities includes $1.0 million and $0.7 million of consideration related to potential earn-out payments recorded at fair value. The fair value of the company’s debt was approximately $518.6 million compared with a book value of $575.4 million at December 31, 2024. The fair value of the company’s debt was approximately $585.0 million compared with a book value of $599.7 million at December 31, 2023. The company estimated the fair value of its outstanding debt using Level 2 inputs. The company believes the fair value of its accounts receivable approximated book value, which was $94.9 million and $94.4 million, respectively, at December 31, 2024 and 2023. Although the company currently does not have any recurring Level 3 financial measurements, the fair values of tangible assets and goodwill acquired represent Level 3 measurements which were derived using a combination of the income approach, market approach and cost approach for the specific assets or liabilities being valued.

Segment Information

Segment Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Information	SEGMENT INFORMATION The company reports the financial and operating performance for the following two operating segments: (1) ethanol production, which includes the production, storage and transportation of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil and (2) agribusiness and energy services, which includes grain handling and storage, commodity marketing and merchant trading for company-produced and third-party ethanol, distillers grains, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities. As a result of the Merger, the partnership's operations are included in the ethanol production operating segment. The following changes were made to the company's operating segments: • The revenue and operating results from fuel storage and transportation services previously disclosed within the partnership segment are now included within the ethanol production segment. • Intersegment activities between the partnership and Green Plains Trade associated with ethanol storage and transportation services previously treated like third-party transactions and eliminated on a consolidated level are now eliminated within the ethanol production segment. Intersegment activities between the remaining terminal and Green Plains Trade associated with terminal services transacted with the agribusiness and energy services segment will continue to be eliminated on a consolidated level. Corporate activities include selling, general and administrative expenses, consisting primarily of compensation, professional fees and overhead costs not directly related to a specific operating segment, as well as gain on sale of assets. During the normal course of business, the operating segments conduct business with each other. For example, the agribusiness and energy services segment procures grain and natural gas and sells products, including ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil for the ethanol production segment. These intersegment activities are treated like third-party transactions with origination, marketing and storage fees charged at estimated market values. Consequently, these transactions affect segment performance; however, they do not impact the company’s consolidated results since the revenues and corresponding costs are eliminated. The Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") for the company is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM utilizes EBITDA to assess segment performance, which is derived from revenue less cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses. The CODM manages and allocates resources to the operations of the Company's two segments. This enables the CEO to assess the Company’s overall level of available resources and determine how best to deploy these resources for capital expenditure, research and development projects, and other strategic opportunities that are in line with our long-term strategic goals. The CODM is regularly provided with consolidated expense information or forecasted expense information for the applicable reportable segment. The following tables set forth certain financial data for the company’s operating segments (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Revenues Ethanol production Revenues from external customers $ 2,063,382 $ 2,819,986 $ 3,074,195 Intersegment revenues 3,707 4,555 4,445 Total segment revenues 2,067,089 2,824,541 3,078,640 Agribusiness and energy services Revenues from external customers 395,414 475,757 588,654 Intersegment revenues 25,693 25,146 26,961 Total segment revenues 421,107 500,903 615,615 Revenues including intersegment activity 2,488,196 3,325,444 3,694,255 Intersegment eliminations (29,400) (29,701) (31,406) $ 2,458,796 $ 3,295,743 $ 3,662,849 Refer to Note 3 – Revenue , for further disaggregation of revenue by operating segment. Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Cost of goods sold Ethanol production (1)(2) $ 1,983,460 $ 2,705,917 $ 3,018,625 Agribusiness and energy services 374,286 454,776 562,950 Intersegment eliminations (29,400) (29,701) (31,406) $ 2,328,346 $ 3,130,992 $ 3,550,169 Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Gross margin Ethanol production (1)(2) $ 83,629 $ 118,624 $ 60,015 Agribusiness and energy services 46,821 46,127 52,665 $ 130,450 $ 164,751 $ 112,680 Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Depreciation and amortization Ethanol production $ 82,784 $ 92,712 $ 85,638 Agribusiness and energy services 2,185 2,360 3,466 Corporate activities (3) 5,618 3,172 3,594 $ 90,587 $ 98,244 $ 92,698 Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Operating income (loss) Ethanol production (2) $ (40,758) $ (19,958) $ (66,485) Agribusiness and energy services 28,156 28,100 36,415 Corporate activities (4) (34,857) (69,720) (68,878) $ (47,459) $ (61,578) $ (98,948) (1) Costs historically reported as operations and maintenance expenses in the consolidated statements of operations are now being reported within cost of goods sold, resulting in increased cost of goods sold and decreased gross margin within the ethanol production segment. (2) Ethanol production includes an inventory lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment of $2.1 million, $2.6 million, and $12.3 million for the years-ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 , respectively. (3) Depreciation and amortization (4) Corporate activities for the years-ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 include a $30.7 million and $4.1 million gain on sale of assets, respectively. The following tables reconcile EBITDA, our segment measure of profit or loss, to net loss (in thousands). EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization excluding the amortization of right-of-use assets and debt issuance costs. Year Ended December 31, 2024 Ethanol production Agribusiness and energy services Subtotal EBITDA $ 39,645 $ 31,935 $ 71,580 Depreciation and amortization (82,784) (2,185) (84,969) Interest expense (22,056) (4,722) (26,778) Subtotal $ (65,195) $ 25,028 $ (40,167) Unallocated corporate expenses (1) (35,869) Income tax expense, net of equity method income taxes (5,153) Net loss $ (81,189) Year Ended December 31, 2023 Ethanol production Agribusiness and energy services Subtotal EBITDA $ 78,561 $ 31,689 $ 110,250 Depreciation and amortization (92,712) (2,360) (95,072) Interest expense (23,545) (7,723) (31,268) Subtotal $ (37,696) $ 21,606 $ (16,090) Unallocated corporate expenses (1) (65,826) Income tax benefit, net of equity method income taxes 5,617 Net loss $ (76,299) Year Ended December 31, 2022 Ethanol production Agribusiness and energy services Subtotal EBITDA $ 47,390 $ 39,798 $ 87,188 Depreciation and amortization (85,638) (3,466) (89,104) Interest expense (14,310) (8,922) (23,232) Subtotal $ (52,558) $ 27,410 $ (25,148) Unallocated corporate expenses (1) (73,482) Income tax expense, net of equity method income taxes (4,747) Net loss $ (103,377) (1) Corporate expenses include selling, general administrative expenses, gain on sale of assets, depreciation and amortization, and interest expense. The following table sets forth capital expenditures by operating segment (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Capital expenditures Ethanol production $ 89,230 $ 107,468 $ 210,897 Agribusiness and energy services 833 512 1,647 Corporate activities 5,021 494 75 $ 95,084 $ 108,474 $ 212,619 The following table sets forth total assets by operating segment (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Total assets (1) Ethanol production $ 1,234,635 $ 1,275,562 Agribusiness and energy services 412,006 413,937 Corporate assets 143,716 254,300 Intersegment eliminations (8,183) (4,477) $ 1,782,174 $ 1,939,322 (1)

Inventories

Inventories	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Inventories	INVENTORIES Inventories are carried at the lower of average cost or net realizable value, except fair-value hedged inventories. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, the company recorded a $2.1 million and $2.6 million lower of cost or net realizable value inventory adjustment associated with finished goods in cost of goods sold within the ethanol production segment. The components of inventories are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2024 2023 Finished goods $ 72,863 $ 73,975 Commodities held for sale 48,500 45,898 Raw materials 37,334 32,820 Work-in-process 13,569 14,454 Supplies and parts 55,178 48,663 $ 227,444 $ 215,810

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment	PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT The components of property and equipment are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2024 2023 Plant equipment $ 1,200,795 $ 1,175,566 Buildings and improvements 218,660 218,269 Land and improvements 107,543 107,399 Railroad track and equipment 32,137 32,752 Construction-in-progress 174,151 115,243 Computer hardware and software 27,829 23,645 Office furniture and equipment 3,422 3,580 Leasehold improvements and other 27,516 31,551 Total property and equipment 1,792,053 1,708,005 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (749,593) (686,077) Property and equipment, net $ 1,042,460 $ 1,021,928 Interest capitalized during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 totaled $4.4 million, $3.6 million and $11.3 million, respectively.

Goodwill And Intangible Assets

Goodwill And Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill The company has one reporting unit to which goodwill was assigned. We are required to perform impairment tests related to our goodwill annually, which we perform as of October 1, or if an indicator of impairment occurs. The company performed its annual goodwill assessments as of October 1, 2024 and 2023 using qualitative assessments, which resulted in no indication of goodwill impairment. On September 30, 2024, goodwill of $10.6 million was disposed of in the Birmingham Transaction, which previously was recorded within the ethanol production segment. The carrying amount of goodwill attributable to the ethanol production segment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $18.5 million and $29.1 million, respectively. The company records goodwill within other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Intangible Assets The company recognized certain intangible assets in connection with the FQT acquisition during the fourth quarter of 2020. The components of the intangible assets are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2024 2023 Customer relationships and backlog $ 17,628 $ 17,628 Intellectual property 9,700 9,700 Trade name 1,300 1,300 Total 28,628 28,628 Accumulated amortization (15,962) (13,483) Total intangible assets, net $ 12,666 $ 15,145 Weighted average remaining amortization period 8.9 years 9.9 years The company recogni zed $2.5 million, $2.8 million, and $4.8 million of amortization expense associated with these intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The company expects estimated amortization expense of $2.2 million, $2.0 million, $1.8 million, $1.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028 and 2029, as well as $4.6 million thereafter. The company’s intangible assets are recorded within other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Derivative Financial Instrument

Derivative Financial Instruments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Financial Instruments	DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS At December 31, 2024, the company’s consolidated balance sheet reflected unrealized gains of $1.0 million, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income. The company expects these items will be reclassified as operating income over the next 12 months as a result of hedged transactions that are forecasted to occur. The amount realized in operating income will differ as commodity prices change. Fair Values of Derivative Instruments The fair values of the company’s derivative financial instruments and the line items on the consolidated balance sheets where they are reported are as follows (in thousands): Asset Derivatives' Fair Value at December 31, Liability Derivatives' Fair Value at December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Derivative financial instruments - forwards $ 10,154 $ 13,311 (2) $ 4,791 (1) $ 10,577 Other liabilities — — 15 2 Total $ 10,154 $ 13,311 $ 4,806 $ 10,579 (1) At December 31, 2024, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized losses on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $4.7 million, which include $0.5 million of net unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, $3.0 million of unrealized losses on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments, and the balance representing economic hedges. (2) At December 31, 2023, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized gains on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $6.5 million, which include $0.7 million of net unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, $0.7 million of unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments, and the balance representing economic hedges. Refer to Note 5 - Fair Value Disclosures , which contains fair value information related to derivative financial instruments. Effect of Derivative Instruments on Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss The gains or losses recognized in income and other comprehensive income related to the company’s derivative financial instruments and the line items on the consolidated financial statements where they are reported are as follows (in thousands): Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Revenues $ 9,832 $ 2,482 $ 3,347 Cost of goods sold (23,270) (25,003) (5,753) Net loss recognized in loss before income taxes $ (13,438) $ (22,521) $ (2,406) Gain (Loss) Recognized in Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Commodity Contracts $ (8,001) $ 8,369 $ (21,201) A portion of the company's derivative instruments are considered economic hedges and as such are not designated as hedging instruments. The company uses exchange-traded futures and options contracts to manage its net position of product inventories and forward cash purchase and sales contracts to reduce price risk caused by market fluctuations. Derivatives, including exchange traded contracts and forward commodity purchase or sale contracts, and inventories of certain agricultural products, which include amounts acquired under deferred pricing contracts, are stated at fair value. Fair value estimates are based on exchange-quoted prices, adjusted as appropriate for regional location basis value, which represent differences in local markets including transportation as well as quality or grade differences. Derivatives Not Designated Location of Gain (Loss) Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Exchange-traded futures and options Revenues $ 4,246 $ (2,552) $ 2,470 Forwards Revenues (4,446) 4,842 (7,404) Exchange-traded futures and options Cost of goods sold 24,045 45,065 (59,697) Forwards Cost of goods sold 5,442 (4,265) (6,381) Net gain (loss) recognized in loss before income taxes $ 29,287 $ 43,090 $ (71,012) The following amounts were recorded on the consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for the fair value hedged items (in thousands): December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Line Item in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in Which the Hedged Item is Included Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liabilities Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liabilities Inventories $ 48,500 $ 8,166 $ 45,898 $ (1,104) Effect of Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedge Accounting on the Statements of Operations Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedging Relationships for the Year Ended December 31, 2024 Revenue Cost of Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Amount of gain (loss) on exchange-traded futures reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income $ 9,832 $ (23,270) Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships Commodity contracts Fair value hedged inventories — 6,398 Exchange-traded futures designated as hedging instruments — (6,039) Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded $ 9,832 $ (22,911) Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedging Relationships for the Year Ended December 31, 2023 Revenue Cost of Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Amount of gain (loss) on exchange traded futures reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income $ 2,482 $ (25,003) Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships Commodity contracts Fair value hedged inventories — (11,657) Exchange-traded futures designated as hedging instruments — 14,417 Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded $ 2,482 $ (22,243) Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedging Relationships for the Year Ended December 31, 2022 Revenue Cost of Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Amount of gain (loss) on exchange-traded futures reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income $ 3,347 $ (5,753) Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships Commodity contracts Fair value hedged inventories — 735 Exchange-traded futures designated as hedging instruments — 5,677 Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded $ 3,347 $ 659 The notional volume of open commodity derivative positions as of December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands): Exchange-Traded (1) Non-Exchange-Traded (2) Derivative Instruments Net Long & (Short) Long (Short) Unit of Measure Commodity Futures (2,570) Bushels Corn Futures 280 (3) Bushels Corn Futures (6,915) (4) Bushels Corn Futures (46,536) Gallons Ethanol Futures (840) (3) Gallons Ethanol Futures 388 MmBTU Natural Gas Futures 3,205 (3) MmBTU Natural Gas Futures (4,390) (4) MmBTU Natural Gas Futures (8) Tons Soybean Meal Options (6) Tons Soybean Meal Options 2,384 Bushels Corn Options 378 MmBTU Natural Gas Forwards 31,742 — Bushels Corn Forwards 2,784 (202,522) Gallons Ethanol Forwards 90 (212) Tons Distillers Grains Forwards — (48,733) Pounds Renewable Corn Oil Forwards 7,991 (1,569) MmBTU Natural Gas (1) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures and options are presented on a net long and (short) position basis. Options are presented on a delta-adjusted basis. (2) Notional volume of non-exchange-traded forward physical contracts are presented on a gross long and (short) position basis, including both fixed-price and basis contracts, for which only the basis portion of the contract price is fixed. (3) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures used for cash flow hedges. (4) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures used for fair value hedges. Energy trading contracts that do not involve physical delivery are presented net in revenues on the consolidated statements of operations. Included in revenues are net gains of $4.1 million, $4.8 million, and $4.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, on energy trading contracts.

Debt

Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Long-Term Debt, Current and Noncurrent [Abstract]
Debt	DEBT The components of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2024 2023 Corporate 2.25% convertible notes due 2027 (1) $ 230,000 $ 230,000 Green Plains SPE LLC $125.0 million junior secured mezzanine notes due 2026 (2) 125,000 125,000 Green Plains Shenandoah $75.0 million loan agreement (3) 71,625 73,125 Green Plains Partners $60.0 million term loan (4) — 55,969 Other 11,163 14,669 Total book value of long-term debt 437,788 498,763 Unamortized debt issuance costs (3,210) (5,013) Less: current maturities of long-term debt (2,118) (1,832) Total long-term debt $ 432,460 $ 491,918 (1) The 2.25% notes had $2.7 million and $4.0 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. (2) The junior notes had $0.2 million and $0.4 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. (3) The loan had $0.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of both December 31, 2024 and 2023. (4) The term loan had $0.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2023. Scheduled long-term debt repayments excluding the effects of debt issuance costs, are as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31, Amount 2025 $ 2,207 2026 127,222 2027 232,231 2028 2,169 2029 2,192 Thereafter 71,767 Total $ 437,788 The components of short-term notes payable and other borrowings are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2024 2023 Green Plains Finance Company, Green Plains Grain and Green Plains Trade $350.0 million revolver $ 133,500 $ 99,000 Green Plains Commodity Management $40.0 million hedge line 7,329 6,973 $ 140,829 $ 105,973 Corporate Activities In March 2021, the company issued an aggregate $230.0 million of 2.25% convertible senior notes due on March 15, 2027, or the 2.25% notes. The 2.25% notes bear interest at a rate of 2.25% per year, payable on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The 2.25% notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the company. The 2.25% notes are convertible, at the option of the holders, into consideration consisting of, at the company’s election, cash, shares of the company’s common stock, or a combination of cash and stock (and cash in lieu of fractional shares). However, before September 15, 2026, the 2.25% notes will not be convertible unless certain conditions are satisfied. The initial conversion rate is 31.6206 shares of the company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2.25% notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $31.62 per share of the company’s common stock), representing an approximately 37.5% premium over the offering price of the company’s common stock. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, including but not limited to; the event of a stock dividend or stock split; the issuance of additional rights, options and warrants; spinoffs; or a tender or exchange offering. In addition, the company may be obligated to increase the conversion rate for any conversion that occurs in connection with certain corporate events, including the company’s calling the 2.25% notes for redemption. On and after March 15, 2024, and prior to the maturity date, the company may redeem, for cash, all, but not less than all, of the 2.25% notes if the last reported sale price of the company’s common stock equals or exceeds 140% of the applicable conversion price on (i) at least 20 trading days during a 30 consecutive trading day period ending on the trading day immediately prior to the date the company delivers notice of the redemption; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date of the redemption notice. The redemption price will equal 100% of the principal amount of the 2.25% notes to be redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, upon the occurrence of a “fundamental change” (as defined in the indenture for the 2.25% notes), holders of the 2.25% notes will have the right, at their option, to require the company to repurchase their 2.25% notes for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2.25% notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In June 2019, the company issued $115.0 million of 4.00% convertible senior notes due in 2024, or the 4.00% notes. On May 25, 2022, the company gave notice calling for the redemption of its outstanding 4.00% notes, totaling an aggregate principal amount of $64.0 million. The final conversion rate was 66.4178 shares of common stock per $1,000 of principal. From July 1, 2022 through July 8, 2022, the remaining $64.0 million of the 4.00% notes were converted into approximately 4.3 million shares of common stock. Common stock held as treasury shares were exchanged for the 4.00% notes. Pursuant to the guidance within ASC 470, Debt, the company recorded the exchanges as a conversion. The 4.00% notes were retired effective July 8, 2022. In August 2016, the company issued $170.0 million of 4.125% convertible senior notes due in 2022, or the 4.125% notes. The 4.125% notes were senior, unsecured obligations of the company. During August 2022, the company entered into four privately negotiated exchange agreements with certain noteholders of the 4.125% notes to exchange approximately $32.6 million aggregate principal amount for approximately 1.2 million shares of the company's common stock. Pursuant to the guidance within ASC 470, Debt , the company recorded the exchanges as a conversion and recorded a loss of $419 thousand, which was recorded as a charge to interest expense in the consolidated financial statements during the year ended December 31, 2022. Additionally, on September 1, 2022, approximately $1.7 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.125% notes were settled through a combination of $1.7 million in cash and approximately 15 thousand shares of the company's common stock. The remaining $23 thousand aggregate principal amount and accrued interest were settled in cash. The 4.125% notes were fully retired effective September 1, 2022. Ethanol Production Segment On February 9, 2021, Green Plains SPE LLC, a wholly-owned special purpose subsidiary and parent of Green Plains Obion and Green Plains Mount Vernon, issued $125.0 million of junior secured mezzanine notes due 2026 (the “Junior Notes”) with BlackRock, a holder of a portion of the company’s common stock. The Junior Notes will mature on February 9, 2026 and are secured by a pledge of the membership interests in and the real property owned by Green Plains Obion and Green Plains Mount Vernon. The proceeds of the Junior Notes were used to construct Ultra-High Protein processing systems at the Green Plains Obion and Green Plains Mount Vernon facilities. The Junior Notes accrue interest at an annual rate of 11.75%. However, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, Green Plains SPE LLC may elect to pay an amount in cash equal to interest accruing at a rate of 6.00% per annum plus an amount equal to interest accruing at a rate of 6.75% per annum to be paid in kind. The entire outstanding principal balance, plus any accrued and unpaid interest is due upon maturity. Green Plains SPE LLC is required to comply with certain financial covenants regarding minimum liquidity at Green Plains and a maximum aggregate loan to value. The Junior Notes can be retired or refinanced after 42 months with no prepayment premium. The Junior Notes have an unsecured parent guarantee from the company and have certain limitations on distributions, dividends or loans to the company unless there will not exist any event of default. On September 3, 2020, Green Plains Wood River and Green Plains Shenandoah, wholly-owned subsidiaries of the company, entered into a $75.0 million loan agreement with MetLife Real Estate Lending LLC. The loan matures on September 1, 2035 and is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Shenandoah facility. During the second quarter of 2024, the agreement was modified to remove the Wood River facility from the assets considered to be secured under the loan agreement and Green Plains Wood River was removed as a counterparty to the loan agreement. The proceeds from the loan were used to add MSC™ technology at the Wood River and Shenandoah facilities as well as other capital expenditures. The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.02%, plus an interest rate premium, subject to quarterly adjustments, of 0.00% to 1.50% based on the leverage ratio of total funded debt to EBITDA of Shenandoah. Principal payments of $1.5 million per year began in October 2022. Prepayments were prohibited until September 2024. Financial covenants of the loan agreement include a minimum loan to value ratio of 50%, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.25x, a total debt service reserve of six months of future principal and interest payments and a minimum working capital requirement at Green Plains of not less than $0.10 per gallon of nameplate capacity or $90.3 million. The loan is guaranteed by the company and has certain limitations on distributions, dividends or loans to Green Plains by Shenandoah unless immediately after giving effect to such action, there will not exist any event of default. At December 31, 2024, the interest rate on the loan was 5.77%. Green Plains Partners had a term loan to fund working capital, capital expenditures and other general partnership purposes. Interest on the term loan was based on 3-month SOFR plus 8.26%. On September 30, 2024, the proceeds from the Birmingham Transaction were used to repay the outstanding principal and interest of the loan in full. Prepayments totaling $56.0 million, $3.0 million and $1.0 million were made during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The company also has small equipment financing loans, finance leases on equipment or facilities, and other forms of debt financing. Agribusiness and Energy Services Segment On March 25, 2022, Green Plains Finance Company, Green Plains Grain and Green Plains Trade (collectively, the “Borrowers”), all wholly owned subsidiaries of the company, together with the company, as guarantor, entered into a five-year, $350.0 million senior secured sustainability-linked revolving Loan and Security Agreement (the “Facility”) with a group of financial institutions. This transaction refinanced the separate credit facilities previously held by Green Plains Grain and Green Plains Trade. The Facility matures on March 25, 2027. The Facility includes revolving commitments totaling $350.0 million and an accordion feature whereby amounts available under the Facility may be increased by up to $100.0 million of new lender commitments subject to certain conditions. Each SOFR rate loan shall bear interest for each day at a rate per annum equal to the Term SOFR rate for the outstanding period plus a Term SOFR adjustment and an applicable margin of 2.25% to 2.50%, which is dependent on undrawn availability under the Facility. Each base rate loan shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the base rate plus the applicable margin of 1.25% to 1.50%, which is dependent on undrawn availability under the Facility. The unused portion of the Facility is also subject to a commitment fee of 0.275% to 0.375%, dependent on undrawn availability. Additionally, the applicable margin and commitment fee are subject to certain increases or decreases of up to 0.10% and 0.025%, respectively, tied to the company’s achievement of certain sustainability criteria, including the reduction of GHG emissions, recordable incident rate reduction, increased renewable corn oil production and the implementation of technology to produce sustainable ingredients. The Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, as well as the following financial covenants to be calculated as of the last day of any month: the current ratio of the Borrowers shall not be less than 1.00 to 1.00; the collateral coverage ratio of the Borrowers shall not be less than 1.20 to 1.00; and the debt to capitalization ratio of the company shall not be greater than 0.60 to 1.00. The Facility also includes customary events of default, including without limitation, failure to make required payments of principal or interest, material incorrect representations and warranties, breach of covenants, events of bankruptcy and other certain matters. The Facility is secured by the working capital assets of the Borrowers and is guaranteed by the company. At December 31, 2024, the interest rate on the Facility was 7.88%. Green Plains Commodity Management has an uncommitted $40.0 million revolving credit facility to finance margins related to its hedging programs, which is secured by cash and securities held in its brokerage accounts. During the first quarter of 2023, this revolving credit facility was extended five years to mature on April 30, 2028. Advances are subject to variable interest rates equal to SOFR plus 1.75%. At December 31, 2024, the interest rate on the facility was 6.12%. Green Plains Grain has a short-term inventory financing agreement with a financial institution. The company has accounted for the agreement as short-term notes, rather than revenues, and has elected the fair value option to offset fluctuations in market prices of the inventory. This agreement is subject to negotiated variable interest rates. The company had no outstanding short-term notes payable related to the inventory financing agreement as of December 31, 2024. Covenant Compliance The company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of December 31, 2024. Restricted Net Assets At December 31, 2024, there were approximately $12.8 million of net assets at the company’s subsidiaries that could not be transferred to the parent company in the form of dividends, loans or advances due to restrictions contained in the credit facilities of these subsidiaries.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation	STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The company has an equity incentive plan, which reserved a total of 6.9 million shares of common stock for issuance pursuant to the plan, of which 2.1 million shares remain available for issuance as of December 31, 2024. The plan provides for shares, including options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights tied to the value of common stock, restricted stock, performance share awards, and restricted and deferred stock unit awards, to be granted to eligible employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The company measures stock-based compensation at fair value on the grant date, with no adjustments for estimated forfeitures. The company records noncash compensation expense related to equity awards in its consolidated financial statements over the requisite period on a straight-line basis. Grants under the equity incentive plans may include stock options, stock awards, performance share awards or deferred stock units: • Restricted Stock Awards – Restricted stock awards may be granted to directors and employees that vest immediately or over a period of time as determined by the compensation committee. Stock awards granted to date vested immediately and over a period of time, and included sale restrictions. Compensation expense is recognized on the grant date if fully vested or over the requisite vesting period. • Deferred Stock Units – Deferred stock units may be granted to directors and employees that vest immediately or over a period of time as determined by the compensation committee. Deferred stock units granted to date vest over a period of time with underlying shares of common stock that are issuable after the vesting date. Compensation expense is recognized on the grant date if fully vested, or over the requisite vesting period. • Performance Share Awards – Performance share awards may be granted to directors and employees that cliff-vest after a period of time as determined by the compensation committee. Performance share awards granted to date cliff-vest after a period of time, and include sale restrictions. Compensation expense is recognized over the requisite vesting period. • Stock Options – Stock options may be granted that can be exercised immediately in installments or at a fixed future date. Certain options are exercisable regardless of employment status while others expire following termination. Options issued to date could have been exercised immediately or at future vesting dates, and expired five years to eight years after the grant date. Compensation expense for stock options that vest over time was recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Restricted Stock Awards and Deferred Stock Units The restricted non-vested stock awards and deferred stock units activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows: Non-Vested Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2023 607,894 $ 30.79 Granted 523,402 19.14 Forfeited (10,915) 25.01 Vested (384,868) 29.14 Non-Vested at December 31, 2024 735,513 $ 23.45 1.7 Performance Share Awards On March 13, 2024, March 9, 2023, and March 14, 2022, the board of directors granted performance shares to be awarded in the form of common stock to certain participants of the plan. These performance shares vest based on the level of achievement of certain performance goals, including the incremental value achieved from the company's high-protein and clean sugar initiatives, annual production levels and return on investment (ROI). Performance shares granted in 2024 include certain market-based factors requiring a Monte Carlo valuation model to estimate the fair value of the performance shares on the date of the grant. The weighted average assumptions used by the company in applying the Monte Carlo valuation model for performance share grants and related valuation include a risk-free interest rate of 4.44%, dividend yields of 0%, expected volatility of 54.6% and a closing stock price on the date of grant of $20.21, resulting in an estimated fair value of $25.23 per share. Performance shares granted in 2023 and 2022 do not contain market-based factors requiring a Monte Carlo valuation model. The performance shares were granted at a target of 100%, but each performance share can be reduced or increased depending on results for the performance period. If the company achieves the maximum performance goals, the maximum amount of shares available to be issued pursuant to the 2024, 2023 and 2022 awards are 1,077,144 performance shares which represents 200% of the 538,572 performance shares which remain outstanding. The actual number of performance shares that will ultimately vest is based on the actual performance targets achieved at the end of the performance period. On February 18, 2021, the board of directors granted performance shares to be awarded in the form of common stock to certain participants of the plan. The performance shares were granted at a target of 100%, but each performance share was reduced or increased depending on results for the performance period. On February 16, 2024, based on the criteria discussed above, the 118,673 2021 performance shares vested at 115%, which resulted in the issuance of 136,475 shares of common stock. The non-vested performance share award activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows: Performance Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2023 404,740 $ 30.51 Granted 270,307 23.00 Vested (136,475) 26.22 Non-Vested at December 31, 2024 538,572 $ 27.82 1.4 Green Plains Partners Green Plains Partners had a long-term incentive plan (LTIP) intended to promote the interests of the partnership, its general partner and affiliates by providing unit-based incentive compensation awards to employees, consultants and directors to encourage superior performance. As a result of the Merger, the LTIP units available for issuance were converted to 1.2 million shares available for issuance under the company's equity incentive plan. The non-vested unit-based awards activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 are as follows: Non-Vested Units Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2023 18,549 $ 12.94 Vested (1) (18,549) 12.94 Non-Vested at December 31, 2024 (1) — $ — 0.0 (1) Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each of these unvested awards became fully vested at the effective time of the Merger on January 9, 2024. Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings Per Share	EARNINGS PER SHARE Basic earnings per share, or EPS, is calculated by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The company computes diluted EPS by dividing net income on an if-converted basis, adjusted to add back net interest expense related to the convertible debt instruments, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, adjusted to include the shares that would be issued if the convertible debt instruments were converted to common shares and the effect of any outstanding dilutive securities. The basic and diluted EPS are calculated as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Net loss attributable to Green Plains $ (82,497) $ (93,384) $ (127,218) Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted 63,796 58,814 55,541 EPS - basic and diluted $ (1.29) $ (1.59) $ (2.29) Anti-dilutive weighted-average convertible debt, warrants and stock-based compensation (1) 7,696 8,419 8,556 (1) The effect related to the company's convertible debt, warrants and certain stock-based compensation award has been excluded from diluted EPS for the periods presented as the inclusion of these shares would have been antidilutive.

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY As a result of the Merger, for the year ended December 31, 2024, the company issued approximately 4.7 million shares of common stock and recorded par value $0.001 per share, paid cash consideration of $29.2 million, extinguished the non-controlling interest attributed to the partnership common units held by the public of $133.8 million, and recorded transaction costs of $7.5 million within additional paid-in capital. Refer to Note 4 – Merger and Dispositions included herein for more information. Warrants During the three months ended March 31, 2021, in connection with certain agreements, the company issued warrants in a private placement to purchase shares of its common stock. The company measures the fair value of the warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model as of the issuance date. Exercisable warrants are equity based and recorded as a reduction in additional paid-in capital. The company has reserved 2,550,000 shares of common stock for the exercise of warrants to non-employees, of which 2,275,000 are exercisable, treated as equity based awards and recorded as a reduction in additional paid-in capital. The remaining 275,000 warrants, of which 194,444 are exercisable as a result of achieving certain earn-out provisions and 80,556 are contingent upon certain earn-out provisions, are treated as liability based awards, and valued quarterly using the company’s stock price. These warrants could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in future periods. The exercise price of the warrants is $22.00 and expiration dates are December 8, 2025 for 275,000 warrants, February 9, 2026 for 275,000 warrants and April 28, 2026 for 2,000,000 warrants. Convertible Note Exchange On May 25, 2022, the company gave notice calling for the redemption of all its outstanding 4.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024, totaling an aggregate principal amount of $64.0 million. The conversion rate was 66.4178 shares of common stock per $1,000 of principal. From July 1, 2022 through July 8, 2022, all $64.0 million of the 4.00% convertible notes were converted into approximately 4.3 million shares of common stock. During August 2022, the company entered into four privately negotiated exchange agreements with certain noteholders of the 4.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 to exchange approximately $32.6 million aggregate principal amount for approximately 1.2 million shares of the company's common stock. Additionally, on September 1, 2022, approximately $1.7 million aggregate principal amount was settled through a combination of $1.7 million in cash and approximately 15 thousand shares of the company's common stock. Treasury Stock The company holds 2.8 million shares of its common stock at a cost of $31.2 million. Treasury stock is recorded at cost and reduces stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets. When shares are reissued, the company will use the weighted average cost method for determining the cost basis. The difference between the cost and the issuance price is added or deducted from additional paid-in capital. Share Repurchase Program The company’s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $200.0 million. Under the program, the company may repurchase shares in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, accelerated share buyback programs, tender offers or by other means. The timing and amount of repurchase transactions are determined by its management based on market conditions, share price, legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The company did not repurchase any shares of common stock during 2024, 2023 or 2022. Since inception, the company has repurchased 7.4 million shares of common stock for approximately $92.8 million under the program. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are associated primarily with gains and losses on derivative financial instruments. Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, Statements of Operations 2024 2023 2022 Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges Commodity derivatives $ 9,832 $ 2,482 $ 3,347 (1) Commodity derivatives (23,270) (25,003) (5,753) (2) Total losses on cash flow hedges (13,438) (22,521) (2,406) (3) Income tax benefit (3,223) (5,438) (578) (4) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (10,215) $ (17,083) $ (1,828) (1) Revenues (2) Cost of goods sold (3) Loss before income taxes and income from equity method investees (4) Income tax benefit (expense) At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the company’s consolidated balance sheets reflected unrealized gains of $1.0 million and unrealized losses of $3.2 million, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive loss, respectively.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	INCOME TAXES Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and net operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted rates expected to be applicable to taxable income in the years those temporary differences are recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rates is recognized in income during the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded by the company when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. On January 9, 2024, the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement were completed as described in more detail in Note 4 – Merger and Dispositions included herein. For income tax purposes, the total consideration given by the company in exchange for the remaining interest in the partnership, creates a tax basis in the acquired interest. Because the GAAP basis in the acquired interest is less than the total consideration, a new deferred tax asset was created. The company's valuation allowance on deferred tax assets increased by a corresponding amount, which did not have a material impact on the company's consolidated financial statements. In November 2024, the company reached an agreement in-principle with the IRS Independent Office of Appeals related to our federal R&D tax credit audit covering tax years 2013 through 2018. As a result of the agreement in-principle, the company increased our reserve for unrecognized tax benefits by $28.2 million to reflect the estimated tax credit carryforward post settlement. This increase in unrecognized tax benefits was recorded in income tax expense net of previously recorded valuation allowance. The IRA was signed into law on August 16, 2022. The IRA includes significant law changes relating to tax, climate change, energy and health care. The IRA significantly expands clean energy incentives by providing an estimated $370 billion of new energy related tax credits over the next ten years. It also permits more flexibility for taxpayers to use the credits with direct-pay and transferable credit options. In addition, the IRA includes key revenue-raising provisions which include a 15% book-income alternative minimum tax on corporations with adjusted financial statement income over $1 billion, a 1% excise tax on the value of certain net stock repurchases by publicly traded companies, and the reinstatement of Superfund excise taxes. Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Current $ 2,268 $ 1,238 $ 232 Deferred 3,944 (6,855) 4,515 Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 6,212 $ (5,617) $ 4,747 Differences between income tax expense (benefit) at the statutory federal income tax rate and as presented on the consolidated statements of operations are summarized as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Tax expense at federal statutory rate $ (14,750) $ (17,293) $ (21,222) State income tax expense (benefit), net of federal benefit 1,123 (662) 746 Nondeductible compensation 1,388 2,787 1,221 Noncontrolling interests (150) (3,660) (5,245) Dissolution of MLP 23,919 — — R&D tax credit audit agreement in-principle (232) — — Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance (5,491) 15,892 27,778 Stock compensation 278 (4,440) 1,105 Other 127 1,759 364 Income tax expense (benefit) $ 6,212 $ (5,617) $ 4,747 Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2024 2023 Deferred tax assets Net operating loss carryforwards - Federal $ 26,104 $ 7,824 Net operating loss carryforwards - State 15,777 12,909 Tax credit carryforwards - Federal 35,098 63,050 Tax credit carryforwards - State 1,359 5,225 Section 174 capitalized expenses 54,470 63,267 Interest expense carryforward 20,003 16,996 Investment in partnerships and joint ventures 3,807 49,735 Inventory valuation 983 2,079 Stock-based compensation 1,377 2,371 Accrued expenses 7,818 5,200 Lease obligations 18,693 9,514 Organizational and start-up costs 379 335 Other 1,580 824 Total 187,448 239,329 Valuation allowance (77,657) (117,258) Total deferred tax assets 109,791 122,071 Deferred tax liabilities Fixed assets (98,485) (114,690) Derivative financial instruments (78) (1,238) Right-of-use assets (17,081) (6,746) Total deferred tax liabilities (115,644) (122,674) Deferred income taxes $ (5,853) $ (603) At December 31, 2024, the company has federal research and development credits of $35.1 million which will begin to expire in 2033. The company also has $1.4 million of state credits which will expire, subject to taxable income, beginning in 2025. The company has federal net operating losses of $26.1 million which do not have an expiration date. The company has established a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets due to uncertainty that it will realize these assets in the future. The valuation allowance on deferred tax assets was recognized as a result of negative evidence, including cumulative losses in recent years, outweighing the more subjective positive evidence. Management considers whether it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized, which is dependent on the generation of future taxable income and other tax attributes during the periods those temporary differences become deductible. Scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies are considered to make this assessment. The company will continue to regularly assess the realizability of deferred tax assets. Changes in earnings performance and future earnings projections, among other factors, may cause the company to adjust its valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, which would impact the company’s results of operations in the period it is determined that these factors have changed. In November 2024, the company reached an agreement in-principle with the IRS Independent Office of Appeals for the tax years ended December 31, 2013 through 2018. The audit will be closed upon issuance of the final audit report by the IRS. The company’s federal income tax returns for the tax years ended December 31, 2019 through 2023 are still subject to audit. The company has unrecognized tax benefits of $79.5 million and $51.4 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Unrecognized tax benefits were recorded as a reduction of the deferred tax asset associated with the federal tax credit carryforwards. Interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions are accrued as part of income taxes payable. In November 2024, t he company reached an agreement in-principle with the IRS Independent Office of Appeals covering the tax years 2013 through 2018 resulting in an increase to the previously established reserve for unrecognized tax benefits.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Lease Expense The company leases certain facilities, parcels of land, and equipment, with remaining terms ranging from less than one year to 12.9 years. The land and facility leases include renewal options. The renewal options are included in the lease term only for those sites or locations in which they are reasonably certain to be renewed. Equipment renewals are not considered reasonably certain to be exercised as they typically renew with significantly different underlying terms. The company may sublease certain of its railcars to third parties on a short-term basis. The subleases are classified as operating leases, with the associated sublease income being recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The components of lease expense are as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Lease expense Operating lease expense $ 29,061 $ 27,773 $ 22,116 Variable lease expense (benefit) (1) 1,075 (97) 1,394 Total lease expense $ 30,136 $ 27,676 $ 23,510 (1) Represents amounts incurred in excess of the minimum payments required for a certain building lease and for the handling and unloading of railcars for a certain land lease, offset by railcar lease abatements provided by the lessor when railcars are out of service during periods of maintenance or upgrade. Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 29,568 $ 27,275 $ 21,459 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations Operating leases 25,403 28,471 28,565 Right-of-use assets and lease obligations derecognized due to lease modifications Right-of-use assets (1) 2,208 3,428 — Lease obligations (1) 2,739 3,428 — (1) Amounts presented in 2024 are related to the Birmingham Transaction, while amounts in 2023 relate to the Atkinson Transaction. Derecognition of right-of-use assets and lease obligations for both dispositions is related to railcar operating leases. Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases is as follows: 2024 2023 Weighted average remaining lease term 4.0 years 4.5 years Weighted average discount rate 5.36% 5.16% Aggregate minimum lease payments under the operating lease agreements for future fiscal years as of December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31, Amount 2025 $ 27,822 2026 20,595 2027 16,225 2028 7,685 2029 4,344 Thereafter 5,655 Total 82,326 Less: Present value discount (8,425) Lease liabilities $ 73,901 Other Commitments As of December 31, 2024, the company had contracted future purchases of grain, ethanol, distillers grains, and natural gas valued at approximately $196.6 million and future commitments for storage and transportation, valued at approximately $38.9 million. The company has entered into contracts with Tallgrass High Plains Carbon Storage, LLC and its affiliates, related to the construction, development and operation of carbon capture and sequestration projects at our three Nebraska plants, which are expected to be completed in 2025. Payments associated with these contracts are due monthly over a period of twelve years, commencing after the capture facilities are considered in-service. Amounts due under the contracts are based on the achievement of certain project milestones and are subject to termination of all or portions of the contracts. Certain of the future obligations to Tallgrass High Plains Carbon Storage, LLC are secured by a leasehold deed of trust, security agreement and assignment of rents and leases. As of December 31, 2024, the company had incurred $17.9 million of accumulated construction costs in relation to these projects, presented as property, plant and equipment on the consolidated balance sheet, with an equal and offsetting liability presented as other liabilities. Government Assistance During the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, the company received relief grants of $3.4 million and $27.7 million from the USDA related to the Biofuel Producer Program. The grants received were recorded as other income and the company has no further reporting or other obligations related to the receipt of these grants. Legal The company is currently involved in litigation that has arisen in the ordinary course of business, but does not believe any pending litigation will have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Abstract]
Employee Benefit Plans	EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS The company offers eligible employees a comprehensive employee benefits plan that includes health, dental, vision, life and accidental death, short-term disability and long-term disability insurance, and flexible spending accounts. The company also offers a 401(k) plan enabling eligible employees to save for retirement on a tax-deferred basis up to the limits allowed under the Internal Revenue Code. During 2022, the company increased the employer match from 4% to 6% of eligible employee contributions for employees with less than 5 years of service, and up to 8% of eligible employee contributions after 5 years of service. Effective January 1, 2025, the company decreased the employer match for employees with 5 years of service from 8% to 6% of eligible employee contributions. Employee and employer contributions are 100% vested immediately. Employer contributions to the 401(k) plan for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $4.5 million, $3.9 million and $3.5 million, respectively. The company contributes to a defined benefit pension plan. Since January 2009, the benefits under the plan were frozen; however, the company remains obligated to ensure the plan is funded according to its requirements. As of December 31, 2024, the plan’s assets were $4.5 million and liabilities were $5.2 million. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, net liabilities of

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net loss attributable to Green Plains	$ (82,497)	$ (93,384)	$ (127,218)

Insider Trading Arrangements

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Insider Trading Policies and Pr

Insider Trading Policies and Procedures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted	true

Cybersecurity Risk Management a

Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance [Line Items]
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Threats [Text Block]	We promote a company-wide culture of cybersecurity risk management to ensure that cybersecurity risk considerations are an integral part of decision-making at all organizational levels. To protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our data and information systems, we have implemented cyber defenses and continuously enhance them to address evolving threats. Our information technology (IT) department actively monitors and evaluates our cybersecurity practices to ensure alignment with our business objectives and operational needs. Our cybersecurity program is comprehensive in scope and covers the systems supporting all our business operations. Our program is built on industry-standard frameworks, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. We also follow applicable federal and state statutory and regulatory guidance and have adopted internal policies and standards in alignment with these federal and state requirements. Furthermore, we collaborate with external experts, consultants and auditors in routinely evaluating and testing our information systems controls. We also perform an annual pen-testing, cyber table-top exercise to help us test and refine our formal Cyber Incident Response Plan. We maintain a well-documented process to oversee cybersecurity risks associated with our third-party service providers. We evaluate our third parties prior to any engagements and review their System and Organization Controls reports to obtain reasonable assurance that their controls meet our security standards.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Text Block]	We promote a company-wide culture of cybersecurity risk management to ensure that cybersecurity risk considerations are an integral part of decision-making at all organizational levels. To protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our data and information systems, we have implemented cyber defenses and continuously enhance them to address evolving threats. Our information technology (IT) department actively monitors and evaluates our cybersecurity practices to ensure alignment with our business objectives and operational needs. Our cybersecurity program is comprehensive in scope and covers the systems supporting all our business operations.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Third Party Engaged [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Third Party Oversight and Identification Processes [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Flag]	false
Cybersecurity Risk Board of Directors Oversight [Text Block]	The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has oversight of management's efforts with respect to IT systems and cybersecurity. As part of this oversight, the company's IT leader meets on a quarterly basis with the Audit Committee and on an annual basis with the company's Board of Directors. During these update meetings, IT provides the Audit Committee and Board of Directors updates regarding any changes around our cyber defenses, ongoing IT initiatives, and emerging threats and plans to pro-actively counter these threats. Management continuously monitors the effectiveness of our cybersecurity defenses. We invest in regular and ongoing cybersecurity training for our IT department and company overall. Our Senior Vice President Business Technology has IT industry certifications and brings over 30 years of IT background spanning all facets of technology, including applications, infrastructure and cybersecurity. Our Director of IT Security has over 20 years of experience in cybersecurity, including duties as an Information Security Officer in the United States Air Force.
Cybersecurity Risk Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]	The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has oversight of management's efforts with respect to IT systems and cybersecurity.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]	The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has oversight of management's efforts with respect to IT systems and cybersecurity. As part of this oversight, the company's IT leader meets on a quarterly basis with the Audit Committee and on an annual basis with the company's Board of Directors. During these update meetings, IT provides the Audit Committee and Board of Directors updates regarding any changes around our cyber defenses, ongoing IT initiatives, and emerging threats and plans to pro-actively counter these threats.
Cybersecurity Risk Role of Management [Text Block]	The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has oversight of management's efforts with respect to IT systems and cybersecurity. As part of this oversight, the company's IT leader meets on a quarterly basis with the Audit Committee and on an annual basis with the company's Board of Directors. During these update meetings, IT provides the Audit Committee and Board of Directors updates regarding any changes around our cyber defenses, ongoing IT initiatives, and emerging threats and plans to pro-actively counter these threats. Management continuously monitors the effectiveness of our cybersecurity defenses. We invest in regular and ongoing cybersecurity training for our IT department and company overall. Our Senior Vice President Business Technology has IT industry certifications and brings over 30 years of IT background spanning all facets of technology, including applications, infrastructure and cybersecurity. Our Director of IT Security has over 20 years of experience in cybersecurity, including duties as an Information Security Officer in the United States Air Force.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Text Block]	Management continuously monitors the effectiveness of our cybersecurity defenses. We invest in regular and ongoing cybersecurity training for our IT department and company overall. Our Senior Vice President Business Technology has IT industry certifications and brings over 30 years of IT background spanning all facets of technology, including applications, infrastructure and cybersecurity. Our Director of IT Security has over 20 years of experience in cybersecurity, including duties as an Information Security Officer in the United States Air Force.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Expertise of Management Responsible [Text Block]	Our Senior Vice President Business Technology has IT industry certifications and brings over 30 years of IT background spanning all facets of technology, including applications, infrastructure and cybersecurity. Our Director of IT Security has over 20 years of experience in cybersecurity, including duties as an Information Security Officer in the United States Air Force.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Management or Committees Responsible [Text Block]	The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has oversight of management's efforts with respect to IT systems and cybersecurity. As part of this oversight, the company's IT leader meets on a quarterly basis with the Audit Committee and on an annual basis with the company's Board of Directors. During these update meetings, IT provides the Audit Committee and Board of Directors updates regarding any changes around our cyber defenses, ongoing IT initiatives, and emerging threats and plans to pro-actively counter these threats.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible Report to Board [Flag]	true

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policy)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Consolidated Financial Statements	Consolidated Financial Statements The consolidated financial statements include the company’s accounts, and all significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated. Unconsolidated entities are included in the financial statements on an equity basis. On January 9, 2024, the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement were completed and the company acquired all of the publicly held common units of the partnership not already owned by the company and its affiliates. Refer to Note 4 – Merger and Dispositions included herein for more information. The company also owns a majority interest in FQT, with their results being consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications did not affect total revenues, costs and expenses or net income, but increased cost of goods sold and decreased gross margin, within the ethanol production segment. Costs historically reported as operations and maintenance expenses in the consolidated statements of operations are now being reported within cost of goods sold.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements	Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements
Description of Business	Description of Business The company operates within two operating segments: (1) ethanol production, which includes the production, storage and transportation of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil and (2) agribusiness and energy services, which includes grain handling and storage, commodity marketing and merchant trading for company-produced and third-party ethanol, distillers grains, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities. • Ethanol Production. Our ethanol production segment includes the production, storage and transportation of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil at ten biorefineries in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska and Tennessee. At capacity, our facilities are capable of processing approximately 310 million bushels of corn per year and producing approximately 903 million gallons of ethanol, 2.2 million tons of distillers grains and Ultra-High Protein, and 310 million pounds of renewable corn oil, a low-carbon feedstock for biodiesel and renewable diesel. We are one of the largest ethanol producers in North America. • Agribusiness and Energy Services. Our agribusiness and energy services segment includes grain procurement, with approximately 20.2 million bushels of grain storage capacity, and our commodity marketing business, which markets, sells and distributes the ethanol, distillers grains and renewable corn oil produced at our ethanol plants. We also market ethanol for a third-party producer as well as buy and sell ethanol, distillers grains, renewable corn oil, grain, natural gas and other commodities in various markets. As a result of the Merger, the partnership's operations are included in the ethanol production operating segment.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include bank deposits as well as short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Restricted Cash	Restricted Cash The company has restricted cash, which can only be used for funding letters of credit and for payment towards a credit agreement. Restricted cash also includes cash margins and securities pledged to commodity exchange clearinghouses. To the degree these segregated balances are cash and cash equivalents, they are considered restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition The company recognizes revenue when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Sales, value add, and other taxes the company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Sales of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities by the company’s marketing business are recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services. Revenues related to marketing for third parties are presented on a gross basis as the company controls the product prior to the sale to the end customer, takes title of the product and has inventory risk. Unearned revenue is recorded for goods in transit when the company has received payment but control has not yet been transferred to the customer. Revenues for receiving, storing, transferring and transporting ethanol and other fuels are recognized when the product is delivered to the customer. The company routinely enters into physical-delivery energy commodity purchase and sale agreements. At times, the company settles these transactions by transferring its obligations to other counterparties rather than delivering the physical commodity. Revenues include net gains or losses from derivatives related to products sold while cost of goods sold includes net gains or losses from derivatives related to commodities purchased. Revenues also include realized gains and losses on related derivative financial instruments and reclassifications of realized gains and losses on cash flow hedges from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Sales of products are recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer, which depends on the agreed upon shipment or delivery terms.
Shipping and Handling Costs	Shipping and Handling Costs The company accounts for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill its promise to transfer the associated products. Accordingly, the company records customer payments associated with shipping and handling costs as a component of revenue, and classifies such costs as a component of cost of goods sold.
Cost of Goods Sold	Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold includes materials, direct labor, shipping, plant overhead and transportation costs. Materials include the cost of corn feedstock, denaturant, and process chemicals. Corn feedstock costs include gains and losses on related derivative financial instruments not designated as cash flow hedges, inbound freight charges, inspection costs and transfer costs, as well as reclassifications of gains and losses on cash flow hedges from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Direct labor includes all compensation and related benefits of non-management personnel involved in production. Shipping costs incurred by the company, including railcar costs, are also reflected in cost of goods sold. Plant overhead consists primarily of plant utilities, repairs and maintenance and outbound freight charges. Transportation costs include railcar leases, freight and shipping of the company's products, as well as storage costs incurred at destination terminals. The company uses exchange-traded futures and options contracts and forward purchase and sale contracts to attempt to minimize the effect of price changes on ethanol, renewable corn oil, grain and natural gas. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued at quoted market prices and settled predominantly in cash. The company is exposed to loss when counterparties default on forward purchase and sale contracts. Grain inventories held for sale and forward purchase and sale contracts are valued at market prices when available or other market quotes adjusted for basis differences, primarily in transportation, between the exchange-traded market and local market where the terms of the contract are based. Changes in forward purchase contracts and exchange-traded futures and options contracts are recognized as a component of cost of goods sold.
Derivative Financial Instruments	Derivative Financial Instruments The company uses various derivative financial instruments, including exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and over-the-counter options contracts, to attempt to minimize risk and the effect of commodity price changes including but not limited to, corn, ethanol, natural gas and other agricultural and energy products. The company monitors and manages this exposure as part of its overall risk management policy to reduce the adverse effect market volatility may have on its operating results. The company may hedge these commodities as one way to mitigate risk; however, there may be situations when these hedging activities themselves result in losses. By using derivatives to hedge exposures to changes in commodity prices, the company is exposed to credit and market risk. The company’s exposure to credit risk includes the counterparty’s failure to fulfill its performance obligations under the terms of the derivative contract. The company minimizes its credit risk by entering into transactions with high quality counterparties, limiting the amount of financial exposure it has with each counterparty and monitoring their financial condition. Market risk is the risk that the value of the financial instrument might be adversely affected by a change in commodity prices or interest rates. The company manages market risk by incorporating parameters to monitor exposure within its risk management strategy, which limits the types of derivative instruments and strategies the company can use and the degree of market risk it can take using derivative instruments. Forward contracts are recorded at fair value unless the contracts qualify for, and the company elects, normal purchase or sale exceptions. Changes in fair value are recorded in operating income unless the contracts qualify for, and the company elects, cash flow hedge accounting treatment. Certain qualifying derivatives related to ethanol production and agribusiness and energy services are designated as cash flow hedges. The company evaluates the derivative instrument to ascertain its effectiveness prior to entering into cash flow hedges. Unrealized gains and losses are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss until the gain or loss from the underlying hedged transaction is realized and the physical transaction is completed. When it becomes probable a forecasted transaction will not occur, the cash flow hedge treatment is discontinued, which affects earnings. These derivative financial instruments are recognized in current assets or current liabilities at fair value. At times, the company hedges its exposure to changes in inventory values and designates qualifying derivatives as fair value hedges. The carrying amount of the hedged inventory is adjusted in the current period for changes in fair value. Estimated fair values carried at market are based on exchange-quoted prices, adjusted as appropriate for regional location basis values which represent differences in local markets including transportation as well as quality or grade differences. Basis values are generally determined using inputs from broker quotations or other market transactions. However, a portion of the value may be derived using unobservable inputs. Ineffectiveness of the hedges is recognized in the current period to the extent the change in fair value of the inventory is not offset by the change in fair value of the derivative.
Concentrations of Credit Risk	Concentrations of Credit Risk The company is exposed to credit risk resulting from the possibility that another party may fail to perform according to the terms of the company’s contract. The company sells ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil and markets products for third parties, which can result in concentrations of credit risk from a variety of customers, including major integrated oil companies, large independent refiners, petroleum wholesalers and other marketers. The company also sells grain to large commercial buyers. Although payments are typically received within fifteen days of the sale, the company continually monitors its exposure. The company is also exposed to credit risk on prepayments of undelivered inventories with a few major suppliers of petroleum products and agricultural inputs. The company has master netting arrangements with various counterparties for the purchase and sale of natural gas. On the consolidated balance sheets, the associated net amount for each counterparty is reflected as either an accounts receivable or accounts payable. If the amount for each counterparty were reflected on a gross basis, the company's accounts receivable and accounts payable would increase by $0.5 million and $1.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Inventories	Inventories Corn held for ethanol production, ethanol, distillers grain, Ultra-High Protein, and renewable corn oil inventories are recorded at the lower of average cost or net realizable value, except fair-value hedged inventories.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is generally calculated using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful life of the assets: Years Buildings and improvements 10-40 Plant equipment 15-40 Other machinery and equipment 5-7 Land improvements 15-40 Railroad track and equipment 20-30 Computer hardware and software 3-5 Office furniture and equipment 5-7
Intangible Assets	Intangible Assets Our intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships, intellectual property, and licenses. These intangible assets were capitalized at fair market value and are being amortized over their estimated useful lives.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The company reviews its long-lived assets, currently consisting of property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, intangible assets and equity method investments, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Significant management judgment is required to determine the fair value of our long-lived assets and measure impairment, which includes projected cash flows. Fair value is determined by using various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, sales of comparable properties and third-party independent appraisals. Changes in estimated fair value could result in an impairment of the asset. There were no material impairment charges recorded for the periods reported.
Goodwill	Goodwill Goodwill is an asset representing the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized. The determination of goodwill takes into consideration the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets. The company’s goodwill is related to an acquisition within our ethanol production segment. The company is required to perform impairment tests related to goodwill annually, which it performs as of October 1, or if an indicator of impairment occurs. Circumstances that may indicate impairment include a decline in the company’s future projected cash flows, a decision to suspend plant operations for an extended period of time, sustained decline in the company’s market capitalization or market prices for similar assets or businesses, or a significant adverse change in legal or regulatory matters or business climate. Significant management judgment is required to determine the fair value of goodwill and measure impairment, which include, but are not limited to, market capitalization, prospective financial information, growth rates, discount rates, inflationary factors, and cost of capital. Fair value is determined by using various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, sales of comparable properties and third-party independent appraisals. Changes in estimated fair value could result in a write-down of the asset.
Leases	Leases The company leases certain facilities, parcels of land, and equipment. These leases are accounted for as operating leases, with lease expense recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The term of the lease may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that such options will be exercised. For leases with initial terms greater than 12 months, the company records operating lease right-of-use assets and corresponding operating lease liabilities. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. The company did not incur any material short-term lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022. Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the right to control an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. These assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the incremental borrowing rate is used based on information available at commencement date to determine the present value of future payments. The company elected to utilize a portfolio approach for lease classification, which allows for an entity to group together leases with similar characteristics provided that its application does not create a material difference when compared to accounting for the leases at a contract level. For railcar leases, the company elected to combine the railcars within each rider and account for each rider as an individual lease. From a lessee perspective, the company combines both the lease and non-lease components and accounts for them as one lease. Certain of the company’s railcar agreements provide for maintenance costs to be the responsibility of the company as incurred or charged by the lessor. This maintenance cost is a non-lease component that the company combines with the monthly rental payment and accounts for the total cost as operating lease expense. In addition, the company has a land lease that contains a non-lease component for the handling and unloading services the landlord provides. The company combines the cost of services with the land lease cost and accounts for the total as operating lease expense.
Investments in Equity Method Investees	Investments in Equity Method Investees The company accounts for investments in which the company exercises significant influence using the equity method so long as the company (i) does not control the investee and (ii) is not the primary beneficiary of the entity. The company recognizes these investments as a separate line item in the consolidated balance sheets and its proportionate share of earnings on a separate line item in the consolidated statements of operations.
Financing Costs	Financing Costs
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses	Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of various expenses including employee salaries, incentives and benefits; office expenses; director compensation; professional fees for accounting, legal, consulting, and investor relations activities.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation The company recognizes compensation cost using a fair value based method whereby compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the market price of the award on the date of the award agreement, or an estimated fair value for market-based awards, and is recognized over the service period on a straight-line basis, which is usually the vesting period.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial reporting carrying amount of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operating results in the period of enactment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which provides clarity in assessing an entity's performance and prospects for future cash flows by disclosure of more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. ASU 2024-03 is effective for the company's fiscal year-ended December 31, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the company's fiscal year-ended December 31, 2025. The ASU indicates that all entities will apply its guidance prospectively with an option for retroactive application to each period in the financial statements. The company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures , which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The company adopted the amended guidance for the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2024. Refer to Note 6 – Segment Information included in the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements included herein for more information about our segment reporting.

Summary of Significant Accoun_3

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives of Assets	Depreciation is generally calculated using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful life of the assets: Years Buildings and improvements 10-40 Plant equipment 15-40 Other machinery and equipment 5-7 Land improvements 15-40 Railroad track and equipment 20-30 Computer hardware and software 3-5 Office furniture and equipment 5-7

Revenue (Tables)

Revenue (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Disaggregation of Revenue by Major Source	The following tables disaggregate revenue by major source (in thousands): Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2024 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Services Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 88,660 10,015 — 98,675 Renewable corn oil — — — — Other 55,613 8,685 — 64,298 Intersegment revenues 3,707 287 (3,994) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 147,980 18,987 (3,994) 162,973 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 1,522,215 329,768 — 1,851,983 Distillers grains 252,694 28,630 — 281,324 Renewable corn oil 136,671 3,346 — 140,017 Other 7,529 14,970 — 22,499 Intersegment revenues — 25,406 (25,406) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 1,919,109 402,120 (25,406) 2,295,823 Total Revenues $ 2,067,089 $ 421,107 $ (29,400) $ 2,458,796 Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Services Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 85,474 — — 85,474 Renewable corn oil — — — — Other 35,222 15,593 — 50,815 Intersegment revenues 4,555 239 (4,794) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 125,251 15,832 (4,794) 136,289 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 2,117,296 388,764 — 2,506,060 Distillers grains 377,357 34,818 — 412,175 Renewable corn oil 179,424 8,048 — 187,472 Other 25,213 28,534 — 53,747 Intersegment revenues — 24,907 (24,907) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 2,699,290 485,071 (24,907) 3,159,454 Total Revenues $ 2,824,541 $ 500,903 $ (29,701) $ 3,295,743 Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2022 Ethanol Production Agribusiness & Energy Services Eliminations Total Revenues Revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606 Ethanol $ — $ — $ — $ — Distillers grains 28,634 — — 28,634 Renewable corn oil — — — — Other 42,135 7,787 — 49,922 Intersegment revenues 4,445 229 (4,674) — Total revenues from contracts with customers 75,214 8,016 (4,674) 78,556 Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 (1) Ethanol 2,286,886 481,392 — 2,768,278 Distillers grains 493,605 45,766 — 539,371 Renewable corn oil 195,114 3,954 — 199,068 Other 27,821 49,755 — 77,576 Intersegment revenues — 26,732 (26,732) — Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives 3,003,426 607,599 (26,732) 3,584,293 Total Revenues $ 3,078,640 $ 615,615 $ (31,406) $ 3,662,849 (1) Revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives represent physically settled derivative sales that are outside the scope of ASC 606.

Acquisitions and Dispositions (

Acquisitions and Dispositions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Business Combinations [Abstract]
Amounts Of Identifiable Assets Disposed And Liabilities Relinquished	The assets sold and liabilities transferred of the Birmingham Transaction at closing on September 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands): Amounts of Identifiable Assets Disposed and Liabilities Relinquished Prepaid expenses and other 1,209 Property and equipment 7,012 Operating lease right-of-use assets 2,208 Goodwill 10,598 Operating lease current liabilities (427) Operating lease long-term liabilities (2,312) Other liabilities (556) Total identifiable net assets disposed $ 17,732 The assets sold and liabilities transferred of the Atkinson plant at closing on September 7, 2023 were as follows: (in thousands): Amounts of Identifiable Assets Disposed and Liabilities Relinquished Inventories $ 3,164 Prepaid expenses and other 423 Property, plant and equipment 15,199 Operating lease right-of-use assets 3,428 Accrued and other liabilities (162) Operating lease current liabilities (1,332) Operating lease long-term liabilities (2,096) Other liabilities (189) Total identifiable net assets disposed $ 18,435

Fair Value Disclosures (Tables)

Fair Value Disclosures (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Fair Value	The company’s assets and liabilities by level are as follows (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Quoted Prices in Significant Other Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 173,041 $ — $ 173,041 Restricted cash 36,354 — 36,354 Inventories carried at market — 48,500 48,500 Derivative financial instruments - assets — 10,154 10,154 Total assets measured at fair value $ 209,395 $ 58,654 $ 268,049 Liabilities Accounts payable (1) $ — $ 23,208 $ 23,208 Accrued and other liabilities (2) — 2,094 2,094 Derivative financial instruments - liabilities — 4,791 4,791 Other liabilities (2) — 979 979 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ — $ 31,072 $ 31,072 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023 Quoted Prices in Significant Other Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 349,574 $ — $ 349,574 Restricted cash 29,188 — 29,188 Inventories carried at market — 45,898 45,898 Derivative financial instruments - assets — 13,311 13,311 Total assets measured at fair value $ 378,762 $ 59,209 $ 437,971 Liabilities Accounts payable (1) $ — $ 54,716 $ 54,716 Accrued and other liabilities (2) — 9,917 9,917 Derivative financial instruments - liabilities — 10,577 10,577 Other liabilities (2) — 659 659 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ — $ 75,869 $ 75,869 (1) Accounts payable is generally stated at historical amounts with the exception of $23.2 million and $54.7 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to certain delivered inventory for which the payable fluctuates based on changes in commodity prices. These payables are hybrid financial instruments for which the company has elected the fair value option. (2) As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, accrued and other liabilities includes $2.1 million and $9.9 million and other liabilities includes $1.0 million and $0.7 million of consideration related to potential earn-out payments recorded at fair value.

Segment Information (Tables)

Segment Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Schedule Of Financial Data	The following tables set forth certain financial data for the company’s operating segments (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Revenues Ethanol production Revenues from external customers $ 2,063,382 $ 2,819,986 $ 3,074,195 Intersegment revenues 3,707 4,555 4,445 Total segment revenues 2,067,089 2,824,541 3,078,640 Agribusiness and energy services Revenues from external customers 395,414 475,757 588,654 Intersegment revenues 25,693 25,146 26,961 Total segment revenues 421,107 500,903 615,615 Revenues including intersegment activity 2,488,196 3,325,444 3,694,255 Intersegment eliminations (29,400) (29,701) (31,406) $ 2,458,796 $ 3,295,743 $ 3,662,849 Refer to Note 3 – Revenue , for further disaggregation of revenue by operating segment. Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Cost of goods sold Ethanol production (1)(2) $ 1,983,460 $ 2,705,917 $ 3,018,625 Agribusiness and energy services 374,286 454,776 562,950 Intersegment eliminations (29,400) (29,701) (31,406) $ 2,328,346 $ 3,130,992 $ 3,550,169 Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Gross margin Ethanol production (1)(2) $ 83,629 $ 118,624 $ 60,015 Agribusiness and energy services 46,821 46,127 52,665 $ 130,450 $ 164,751 $ 112,680 Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Depreciation and amortization Ethanol production $ 82,784 $ 92,712 $ 85,638 Agribusiness and energy services 2,185 2,360 3,466 Corporate activities (3) 5,618 3,172 3,594 $ 90,587 $ 98,244 $ 92,698 Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Operating income (loss) Ethanol production (2) $ (40,758) $ (19,958) $ (66,485) Agribusiness and energy services 28,156 28,100 36,415 Corporate activities (4) (34,857) (69,720) (68,878) $ (47,459) $ (61,578) $ (98,948) (1) Costs historically reported as operations and maintenance expenses in the consolidated statements of operations are now being reported within cost of goods sold, resulting in increased cost of goods sold and decreased gross margin within the ethanol production segment. (2) Ethanol production includes an inventory lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment of $2.1 million, $2.6 million, and $12.3 million for the years-ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 , respectively. (3) Depreciation and amortization (4) Corporate activities for the years-ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 include a $30.7 million and $4.1 million gain on sale of assets, respectively. The following table sets forth capital expenditures by operating segment (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Capital expenditures Ethanol production $ 89,230 $ 107,468 $ 210,897 Agribusiness and energy services 833 512 1,647 Corporate activities 5,021 494 75 $ 95,084 $ 108,474 $ 212,619
Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated	The following tables reconcile EBITDA, our segment measure of profit or loss, to net loss (in thousands). EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization excluding the amortization of right-of-use assets and debt issuance costs. Year Ended December 31, 2024 Ethanol production Agribusiness and energy services Subtotal EBITDA $ 39,645 $ 31,935 $ 71,580 Depreciation and amortization (82,784) (2,185) (84,969) Interest expense (22,056) (4,722) (26,778) Subtotal $ (65,195) $ 25,028 $ (40,167) Unallocated corporate expenses (1) (35,869) Income tax expense, net of equity method income taxes (5,153) Net loss $ (81,189) Year Ended December 31, 2023 Ethanol production Agribusiness and energy services Subtotal EBITDA $ 78,561 $ 31,689 $ 110,250 Depreciation and amortization (92,712) (2,360) (95,072) Interest expense (23,545) (7,723) (31,268) Subtotal $ (37,696) $ 21,606 $ (16,090) Unallocated corporate expenses (1) (65,826) Income tax benefit, net of equity method income taxes 5,617 Net loss $ (76,299) Year Ended December 31, 2022 Ethanol production Agribusiness and energy services Subtotal EBITDA $ 47,390 $ 39,798 $ 87,188 Depreciation and amortization (85,638) (3,466) (89,104) Interest expense (14,310) (8,922) (23,232) Subtotal $ (52,558) $ 27,410 $ (25,148) Unallocated corporate expenses (1) (73,482) Income tax expense, net of equity method income taxes (4,747) Net loss $ (103,377) (1) Corporate expenses include selling, general administrative expenses, gain on sale of assets, depreciation and amortization, and interest expense.
Schedule Of Total Assets For Operating Segments	The following table sets forth total assets by operating segment (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Total assets (1) Ethanol production $ 1,234,635 $ 1,275,562 Agribusiness and energy services 412,006 413,937 Corporate assets 143,716 254,300 Intersegment eliminations (8,183) (4,477) $ 1,782,174 $ 1,939,322 (1)

Inventories (Tables)

Inventories (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Inventories	The components of inventories are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2024 2023 Finished goods $ 72,863 $ 73,975 Commodities held for sale 48,500 45,898 Raw materials 37,334 32,820 Work-in-process 13,569 14,454 Supplies and parts 55,178 48,663 $ 227,444 $ 215,810

Property and Equipment (Tables)

Property and Equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Schedule of Components of Property and Equipment	The components of property and equipment are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2024 2023 Plant equipment $ 1,200,795 $ 1,175,566 Buildings and improvements 218,660 218,269 Land and improvements 107,543 107,399 Railroad track and equipment 32,137 32,752 Construction-in-progress 174,151 115,243 Computer hardware and software 27,829 23,645 Office furniture and equipment 3,422 3,580 Leasehold improvements and other 27,516 31,551 Total property and equipment 1,792,053 1,708,005 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (749,593) (686,077) Property and equipment, net $ 1,042,460 $ 1,021,928

Goodwill And Intangible Assets

Goodwill And Intangible Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Components of the FQT Intangible Assets	The components of the intangible assets are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2024 2023 Customer relationships and backlog $ 17,628 $ 17,628 Intellectual property 9,700 9,700 Trade name 1,300 1,300 Total 28,628 28,628 Accumulated amortization (15,962) (13,483) Total intangible assets, net $ 12,666 $ 15,145 Weighted average remaining amortization period 8.9 years 9.9 years

Derivative Financial Instrume_2

Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Fair Values of Derivative Financial Instruments	The fair values of the company’s derivative financial instruments and the line items on the consolidated balance sheets where they are reported are as follows (in thousands): Asset Derivatives' Fair Value at December 31, Liability Derivatives' Fair Value at December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Derivative financial instruments - forwards $ 10,154 $ 13,311 (2) $ 4,791 (1) $ 10,577 Other liabilities — — 15 2 Total $ 10,154 $ 13,311 $ 4,806 $ 10,579 (1) At December 31, 2024, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized losses on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $4.7 million, which include $0.5 million of net unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, $3.0 million of unrealized losses on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments, and the balance representing economic hedges. (2) At December 31, 2023, derivative financial instruments, as reflected on the balance sheet, includes net unrealized gains on exchange-traded futures and options contracts of $6.5 million, which include $0.7 million of net unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, $0.7 million of unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments, and the balance representing economic hedges.
Schedule of Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) in Statement of Financial Performance	The gains or losses recognized in income and other comprehensive income related to the company’s derivative financial instruments and the line items on the consolidated financial statements where they are reported are as follows (in thousands): Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Revenues $ 9,832 $ 2,482 $ 3,347 Cost of goods sold (23,270) (25,003) (5,753) Net loss recognized in loss before income taxes $ (13,438) $ (22,521) $ (2,406) Gain (Loss) Recognized in Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Commodity Contracts $ (8,001) $ 8,369 $ (21,201) A portion of the company's derivative instruments are considered economic hedges and as such are not designated as hedging instruments. The company uses exchange-traded futures and options contracts to manage its net position of product inventories and forward cash purchase and sales contracts to reduce price risk caused by market fluctuations. Derivatives, including exchange traded contracts and forward commodity purchase or sale contracts, and inventories of certain agricultural products, which include amounts acquired under deferred pricing contracts, are stated at fair value. Fair value estimates are based on exchange-quoted prices, adjusted as appropriate for regional location basis value, which represent differences in local markets including transportation as well as quality or grade differences. Derivatives Not Designated Location of Gain (Loss) Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Exchange-traded futures and options Revenues $ 4,246 $ (2,552) $ 2,470 Forwards Revenues (4,446) 4,842 (7,404) Exchange-traded futures and options Cost of goods sold 24,045 45,065 (59,697) Forwards Cost of goods sold 5,442 (4,265) (6,381) Net gain (loss) recognized in loss before income taxes $ 29,287 $ 43,090 $ (71,012) The following amounts were recorded on the consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for the fair value hedged items (in thousands): December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Line Item in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in Which the Hedged Item is Included Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liabilities Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liabilities Inventories $ 48,500 $ 8,166 $ 45,898 $ (1,104) Effect of Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedge Accounting on the Statements of Operations Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedging Relationships for the Year Ended December 31, 2024 Revenue Cost of Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Amount of gain (loss) on exchange-traded futures reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income $ 9,832 $ (23,270) Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships Commodity contracts Fair value hedged inventories — 6,398 Exchange-traded futures designated as hedging instruments — (6,039) Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded $ 9,832 $ (22,911) Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedging Relationships for the Year Ended December 31, 2023 Revenue Cost of Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Amount of gain (loss) on exchange traded futures reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income $ 2,482 $ (25,003) Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships Commodity contracts Fair value hedged inventories — (11,657) Exchange-traded futures designated as hedging instruments — 14,417 Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded $ 2,482 $ (22,243) Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedging Relationships for the Year Ended December 31, 2022 Revenue Cost of Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Amount of gain (loss) on exchange-traded futures reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income $ 3,347 $ (5,753) Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships Commodity contracts Fair value hedged inventories — 735 Exchange-traded futures designated as hedging instruments — 5,677 Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded $ 3,347 $ 659
Schedule of Open Position Derivative Financial Instruments	The notional volume of open commodity derivative positions as of December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands): Exchange-Traded (1) Non-Exchange-Traded (2) Derivative Instruments Net Long & (Short) Long (Short) Unit of Measure Commodity Futures (2,570) Bushels Corn Futures 280 (3) Bushels Corn Futures (6,915) (4) Bushels Corn Futures (46,536) Gallons Ethanol Futures (840) (3) Gallons Ethanol Futures 388 MmBTU Natural Gas Futures 3,205 (3) MmBTU Natural Gas Futures (4,390) (4) MmBTU Natural Gas Futures (8) Tons Soybean Meal Options (6) Tons Soybean Meal Options 2,384 Bushels Corn Options 378 MmBTU Natural Gas Forwards 31,742 — Bushels Corn Forwards 2,784 (202,522) Gallons Ethanol Forwards 90 (212) Tons Distillers Grains Forwards — (48,733) Pounds Renewable Corn Oil Forwards 7,991 (1,569) MmBTU Natural Gas (1) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures and options are presented on a net long and (short) position basis. Options are presented on a delta-adjusted basis. (2) Notional volume of non-exchange-traded forward physical contracts are presented on a gross long and (short) position basis, including both fixed-price and basis contracts, for which only the basis portion of the contract price is fixed. (3) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures used for cash flow hedges. (4) Notional volume of exchange-traded futures used for fair value hedges.

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Long-Term Debt, Current and Noncurrent [Abstract]
Schedule of the Components of Long-Term Debt	The components of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2024 2023 Corporate 2.25% convertible notes due 2027 (1) $ 230,000 $ 230,000 Green Plains SPE LLC $125.0 million junior secured mezzanine notes due 2026 (2) 125,000 125,000 Green Plains Shenandoah $75.0 million loan agreement (3) 71,625 73,125 Green Plains Partners $60.0 million term loan (4) — 55,969 Other 11,163 14,669 Total book value of long-term debt 437,788 498,763 Unamortized debt issuance costs (3,210) (5,013) Less: current maturities of long-term debt (2,118) (1,832) Total long-term debt $ 432,460 $ 491,918 (1) The 2.25% notes had $2.7 million and $4.0 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. (2) The junior notes had $0.2 million and $0.4 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. (3) The loan had $0.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of both December 31, 2024 and 2023. (4) The term loan had $0.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2023.
Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt	Scheduled long-term debt repayments excluding the effects of debt issuance costs, are as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31, Amount 2025 $ 2,207 2026 127,222 2027 232,231 2028 2,169 2029 2,192 Thereafter 71,767 Total $ 437,788
Schedule of Short-term Notes Payable and Other Borrowings	The components of short-term notes payable and other borrowings are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2024 2023 Green Plains Finance Company, Green Plains Grain and Green Plains Trade $350.0 million revolver $ 133,500 $ 99,000 Green Plains Commodity Management $40.0 million hedge line 7,329 6,973 $ 140,829 $ 105,973

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Schedule of Non-Vested Stock Award and DSU Activity	The restricted non-vested stock awards and deferred stock units activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows: Non-Vested Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2023 607,894 $ 30.79 Granted 523,402 19.14 Forfeited (10,915) 25.01 Vested (384,868) 29.14 Non-Vested at December 31, 2024 735,513 $ 23.45 1.7
Schedule of Non-Vested Performance Share Award Activity	The non-vested performance share award activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows: Performance Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2023 404,740 $ 30.51 Granted 270,307 23.00 Vested (136,475) 26.22 Non-Vested at December 31, 2024 538,572 $ 27.82 1.4 The non-vested unit-based awards activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 are as follows: Non-Vested Units Weighted- Weighted-Average Non-Vested at December 31, 2023 18,549 $ 12.94 Vested (1) (18,549) 12.94 Non-Vested at December 31, 2024 (1) — $ — 0.0 (1) Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each of these unvested awards became fully vested at the effective time of the Merger on January 9, 2024.

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

Earnings Per Share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule Of Basic And Diluted Earnings Per Share	The basic and diluted EPS are calculated as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Net loss attributable to Green Plains $ (82,497) $ (93,384) $ (127,218) Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted 63,796 58,814 55,541 EPS - basic and diluted $ (1.29) $ (1.59) $ (2.29) Anti-dilutive weighted-average convertible debt, warrants and stock-based compensation (1) 7,696 8,419 8,556 (1) The effect related to the company's convertible debt, warrants and certain stock-based compensation award has been excluded from diluted EPS for the periods presented as the inclusion of these shares would have been antidilutive.

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Schedule of Reclassification From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, Statements of Operations 2024 2023 2022 Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges Commodity derivatives $ 9,832 $ 2,482 $ 3,347 (1) Commodity derivatives (23,270) (25,003) (5,753) (2) Total losses on cash flow hedges (13,438) (22,521) (2,406) (3) Income tax benefit (3,223) (5,438) (578) (4) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (10,215) $ (17,083) $ (1,828) (1) Revenues (2) Cost of goods sold (3) Loss before income taxes and income from equity method investees (4) Income tax benefit (expense)

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Income Tax Expense	Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Current $ 2,268 $ 1,238 $ 232 Deferred 3,944 (6,855) 4,515 Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 6,212 $ (5,617) $ 4,747
Schedule of Differences Between the Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Computed at the Statutory Federal income Tax Rate and as Presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations	Differences between income tax expense (benefit) at the statutory federal income tax rate and as presented on the consolidated statements of operations are summarized as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Tax expense at federal statutory rate $ (14,750) $ (17,293) $ (21,222) State income tax expense (benefit), net of federal benefit 1,123 (662) 746 Nondeductible compensation 1,388 2,787 1,221 Noncontrolling interests (150) (3,660) (5,245) Dissolution of MLP 23,919 — — R&D tax credit audit agreement in-principle (232) — — Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance (5,491) 15,892 27,778 Stock compensation 278 (4,440) 1,105 Other 127 1,759 364 Income tax expense (benefit) $ 6,212 $ (5,617) $ 4,747
Schedule of Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities	Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2024 2023 Deferred tax assets Net operating loss carryforwards - Federal $ 26,104 $ 7,824 Net operating loss carryforwards - State 15,777 12,909 Tax credit carryforwards - Federal 35,098 63,050 Tax credit carryforwards - State 1,359 5,225 Section 174 capitalized expenses 54,470 63,267 Interest expense carryforward 20,003 16,996 Investment in partnerships and joint ventures 3,807 49,735 Inventory valuation 983 2,079 Stock-based compensation 1,377 2,371 Accrued expenses 7,818 5,200 Lease obligations 18,693 9,514 Organizational and start-up costs 379 335 Other 1,580 824 Total 187,448 239,329 Valuation allowance (77,657) (117,258) Total deferred tax assets 109,791 122,071 Deferred tax liabilities Fixed assets (98,485) (114,690) Derivative financial instruments (78) (1,238) Right-of-use assets (17,081) (6,746) Total deferred tax liabilities (115,644) (122,674) Deferred income taxes $ (5,853) $ (603)

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Components of Lease Expense	The components of lease expense are as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Lease expense Operating lease expense $ 29,061 $ 27,773 $ 22,116 Variable lease expense (benefit) (1) 1,075 (97) 1,394 Total lease expense $ 30,136 $ 27,676 $ 23,510 (1) Represents amounts incurred in excess of the minimum payments required for a certain building lease and for the handling and unloading of railcars for a certain land lease, offset by railcar lease abatements provided by the lessor when railcars are out of service during periods of maintenance or upgrade.
Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Operating Leases	Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 29,568 $ 27,275 $ 21,459 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations Operating leases 25,403 28,471 28,565 Right-of-use assets and lease obligations derecognized due to lease modifications Right-of-use assets (1) 2,208 3,428 — Lease obligations (1) 2,739 3,428 — (1) Amounts presented in 2024 are related to the Birmingham Transaction, while amounts in 2023 relate to the Atkinson Transaction. Derecognition of right-of-use assets and lease obligations for both dispositions is related to railcar operating leases.
Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Operating Leases	Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases is as follows: 2024 2023 Weighted average remaining lease term 4.0 years 4.5 years Weighted average discount rate 5.36% 5.16%
Schedule of Aggregate Minimum Lease Payments	Aggregate minimum lease payments under the operating lease agreements for future fiscal years as of December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31, Amount 2025 $ 27,822 2026 20,595 2027 16,225 2028 7,685 2029 4,344 Thereafter 5,655 Total 82,326 Less: Present value discount (8,425) Lease liabilities $ 73,901

Basis of Presentation and Des_2

Basis of Presentation and Description of Business - Narrative (Details) lb in Millions, gal in Millions, bu in Millions, T in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 segment ethanolPlant T lb bu gal
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Number of operating segments | segment	2
Ethanol Production
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Number of ethanol plants | ethanolPlant	10
Annual corn consumption capacity bushels	310
Expected annual ethanol production | gal	903
Annual distillers grains production capacity, tons | T	2.2
Annual corn oil production pounds | lb	310
Agribusiness & Energy Services
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ethanol plant storage capacity	20.2

Summary of Significant Accoun_4

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Concentration of Risk, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity	$ 874,537	$ 990,056	$ 1,061,066	$ 1,102,019
Long-term debt	432,460	491,918
Equity method investments	51,600	41,700
Interest costs related to equity method investments	800	1,400
Fair Value, Concentration of Credit Risk, Master Netting Arrangements
Fair Value, Concentration of Risk, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair value, concentration of risk, accounts payable	$ 500	1,200
GP Turnkey Tharaldson LLC
Fair Value, Concentration of Risk, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Equity method investment percentage	50%
Additional Paid-in Capital
Fair Value, Concentration of Risk, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity	$ 1,213,646	1,113,806	1,110,151	1,069,573
Retained (Deficit)
Fair Value, Concentration of Risk, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity	$ (318,298)	$ (235,801)	$ (142,417)	$ (15,199)

Summary of Significant Accoun_5

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule Of Estimated Useful Lives Of Assets (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024
Buildings and improvements | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	10 years
Buildings and improvements | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	40 years
Plant equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	15 years
Plant equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	40 years
Other machinery and equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	5 years
Other machinery and equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	7 years
Land improvements | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	15 years
Land improvements | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	40 years
Railroad track and equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	20 years
Railroad track and equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	30 years
Computer hardware and software | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	3 years
Computer hardware and software | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	5 years
Office furniture and equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	5 years
Office furniture and equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	7 years

Revenue - Disaggregation Of Rev

Revenue - Disaggregation Of Revenue By Major Source (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	$ 162,973	$ 136,289	$ 78,556
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	2,295,823	3,159,454	3,584,293
Total Revenues	2,458,796	3,295,743	3,662,849
Ethanol
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	1,851,983	2,506,060	2,768,278
Distillers grains
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	98,675	85,474	28,634
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	281,324	412,175	539,371
Renewable corn oil
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	140,017	187,472	199,068
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	64,298	50,815	49,922
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	22,499	53,747	77,576
Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	2,488,196	3,325,444	3,694,255
Eliminations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	(3,994)	(4,794)	(4,674)
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	(25,406)	(24,907)	(26,732)
Total Revenues	(29,400)	(29,701)	(31,406)
Eliminations | Ethanol
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0
Eliminations | Distillers grains
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0
Eliminations | Renewable corn oil
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0
Eliminations | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0
Eliminations | Intersegment revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	(3,994)	(4,794)	(4,674)
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	(25,406)	(24,907)	(26,732)
Ethanol Production
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	2,063,382	2,819,986	3,074,195
Ethanol Production | Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	147,980	125,251	75,214
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	1,919,109	2,699,290	3,003,426
Total Revenues	2,067,089	2,824,541	3,078,640
Ethanol Production | Operating Segments | Ethanol
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	1,522,215	2,117,296	2,286,886
Ethanol Production | Operating Segments | Distillers grains
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	88,660	85,474	28,634
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	252,694	377,357	493,605
Ethanol Production | Operating Segments | Renewable corn oil
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	136,671	179,424	195,114
Ethanol Production | Operating Segments | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	55,613	35,222	42,135
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	7,529	25,213	27,821
Ethanol Production | Operating Segments | Intersegment revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	3,707	4,555	4,445
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	0	0	0
Ethanol Production | Eliminations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	3,707	4,555	4,445
Agribusiness & Energy Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	395,414	475,757	588,654
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	18,987	15,832	8,016
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	402,120	485,071	607,599
Total Revenues	421,107	500,903	615,615
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Operating Segments | Ethanol
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	329,768	388,764	481,392
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Operating Segments | Distillers grains
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	10,015	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	28,630	34,818	45,766
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Operating Segments | Renewable corn oil
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0	0
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	3,346	8,048	3,954
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Operating Segments | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	8,685	15,593	7,787
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	14,970	28,534	49,755
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Operating Segments | Intersegment revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	287	239	229
Total revenues from contracts accounted for as derivatives	25,406	24,907	26,732
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Eliminations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	$ 25,693	$ 25,146	$ 26,961

Revenue - Narrative (Details)

Revenue - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Minimum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, performance obligation, payment terms	10 days
Maximum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, performance obligation, payment terms	30 days
Revenue Benchmark | Customer A | Customer Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	13%	15%	13%
Revenue Benchmark | Customer B | Customer Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		10%

Acquisitions and Dispositions -

Acquisitions and Dispositions - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands					12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jan. 09, 2024	Jan. 08, 2024	Sep. 07, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)					$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets					$ 30,723	$ 5,265	$ 0
Partnership Merger					(36,725)
Common Stock
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Partnership Merger					$ 5
Birmingham Terminal | Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Assets to be disposed of in the sale	$ 47,500
Working capital	1,200
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets	$ 30,700
Ord Ethanol Plant | Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Assets to be disposed of in the sale				$ 22,900
Working capital				1,100
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets				4,100
Ord Ethanol Plant | Partnership Segment | Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Assets to be disposed of in the sale				$ 2,100
Green Plains Partners Merger
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Shares issued					4,700,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)					$ 0.001
Cash consideration per partnership common unit		$ 2.50
Consideration transferred		$ 143,100
Consideration paid for business acquisition					$ 29,200
Common stock exchanged		$ 113,900
Estimated fees					5,500	$ 2,000
Partnership Merger					$ 133,800
Green Plains Partners Merger | Green Plains Partners LP
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Limited partner interest			48.80%
General partnership interest			2%
Green Plains Partners Merger | Common Stock
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Equity Interests Issued and Issuable, Entity Shares Issued Per Acquiree Share		$ 0.405
Green Plains Partners Merger | Public Unitholders | Green Plains Partners LP
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Limited partner interest			49.20%

Acquisitions and Dispositions_2

Acquisitions and Dispositions - Amounts Of Identifiable Assets Disposed And Liabilities Relinquished (Details) - Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 07, 2023
Birmingham Terminal
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Prepaid expenses and other	$ 1,209
Property, plant and equipment	7,012
Operating lease right-of-use assets	2,208
Goodwill	10,598
Operating lease current liabilities	(427)
Operating lease long-term liabilities	(2,312)
Other liabilities	(556)
Total identifiable net assets disposed	$ 17,732
Ord Ethanol Plant
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Inventories		$ 3,164
Prepaid expenses and other		423
Property, plant and equipment		15,199
Operating lease right-of-use assets		3,428
Accrued and other liabilities		(162)
Operating lease current liabilities		(1,332)
Operating lease long-term liabilities		(2,096)
Other liabilities		(189)
Total identifiable net assets disposed		$ 18,435

Fair Value Disclosures - Schedu

Fair Value Disclosures - Schedule Of Assets And Liabilities Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets
Derivative financial instruments	$ 10,154	$ 19,772
Liabilities
Accounts payable	23,200	54,700
Derivative financial instruments	9,500	10,577
Fair Value, Recurring
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	173,041	349,574
Restricted cash	36,354	29,188
Inventories carried at market	48,500	45,898
Derivative financial instruments	10,154	13,311
Total assets measured at fair value	268,049	437,971
Liabilities
Accounts payable	23,208	54,716
Accured and other liabilities	2,094	9,917
Derivative financial instruments	4,791	10,577
Other liabilities	979	659
Total liabilities measured at fair value	31,072	75,869
Potential Earn-Out Payments
Liabilities
Accured and other liabilities	2,100	9,900
Other liabilities	1,000	700
Quoted Prices in ‎Active Markets for ‎Identical Assets (Level 1) | Fair Value, Recurring
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	173,041	349,574
Restricted cash	36,354	29,188
Inventories carried at market	0	0
Derivative financial instruments	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value	209,395	378,762
Liabilities
Accounts payable	0	0
Accured and other liabilities	0	0
Derivative financial instruments	0	0
Other liabilities	0	0
Total liabilities measured at fair value	0	0
Significant Other ‎Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Fair Value, Recurring
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Restricted cash	0	0
Inventories carried at market	48,500	45,898
Derivative financial instruments	10,154	13,311
Total assets measured at fair value	58,654	59,209
Liabilities
Accounts payable	23,208	54,716
Accured and other liabilities	2,094	9,917
Derivative financial instruments	4,791	10,577
Other liabilities	979	659
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$ 31,072	$ 75,869

Fair Value Disclosures - Narrat

Fair Value Disclosures - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair value of debt	$ 518.6	$ 585
Book value of debt	575.4	599.7
Fair value of accounts receivable	$ 94.9	$ 94.4

Segment Information - Narrative

Segment Information - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	2

Segment Information - Summary O

Segment Information - Summary Of Financial Data (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 2,458,796,000	$ 3,295,743,000	$ 3,662,849,000
Cost of goods sold	2,328,346,000	3,130,992,000	3,550,169,000
Gross Profit	130,450,000	164,751,000	112,680,000
Operating income (loss)	(47,459,000)	(61,578,000)	(98,948,000)
Lower of cost or market adjustment	2,100,000	2,600,000	12,300,000
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets	30,723,000	5,265,000	0
Depreciation and amortization	90,587,000	98,244,000	92,698,000
Capital expenditures	95,084,000	108,474,000	212,619,000
Technology-Based Intangible Assets
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Impairment of Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)	$ 3,500,000
Impairment, Intangible Asset, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Depreciation and amortization
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 2,488,196,000	3,325,444,000	3,694,255,000
Depreciation and amortization	84,969,000	95,072,000	89,104,000
Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	(29,400,000)	(29,701,000)	(31,406,000)
Cost of goods sold	(29,400,000)	(29,701,000)	(31,406,000)
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	(34,857,000)	(69,720,000)	(68,878,000)
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets	30,700,000	4,100,000
Depreciation and amortization	5,618,000	3,172,000	3,594,000
Capital expenditures	5,021,000	494,000	75,000
Ethanol Production
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	2,063,382,000	2,819,986,000	3,074,195,000
Ethanol Production | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	2,067,089,000	2,824,541,000	3,078,640,000
Cost of goods sold	1,983,460,000	2,705,917,000	3,018,625,000
Gross Profit	83,629,000	118,624,000	60,015,000
Operating income (loss)	(40,758,000)	(19,958,000)	(66,485,000)
Depreciation and amortization	82,784,000	92,712,000	85,638,000
Capital expenditures	89,230,000	107,468,000	210,897,000
Ethanol Production | Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	3,707,000	4,555,000	4,445,000
Agribusiness & Energy Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	395,414,000	475,757,000	588,654,000
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	421,107,000	500,903,000	615,615,000
Cost of goods sold	374,286,000	454,776,000	562,950,000
Gross Profit	46,821,000	46,127,000	52,665,000
Operating income (loss)	28,156,000	28,100,000	36,415,000
Depreciation and amortization	2,185,000	2,360,000	3,466,000
Capital expenditures	833,000	512,000	1,647,000
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 25,693,000	$ 25,146,000	$ 26,961,000

Segment Information - Summary_2

Segment Information - Summary of Reconciled EBITDA (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expenses	$ (90,587)	$ (98,244)	$ (92,698)
Interest expense	(33,095)	(37,703)	(32,642)
Net loss	(81,189)	(76,299)	(103,377)
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
EBITDA	71,580	110,250	87,188
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(84,969)	(95,072)	(89,104)
Interest expense	(26,778)	(31,268)	(23,232)
Subtotal	(40,167)	(16,090)	(25,148)
Unallocated corporate expenses	(35,869)	(65,826)	(73,482)
Income tax benefit	(5,153)	5,617	(4,747)
Net loss	(81,189)	(76,299)	(103,377)
Ethanol Production | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
EBITDA	39,645	78,561	47,390
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(82,784)	(92,712)	(85,638)
Interest expense	(22,056)	(23,545)	(14,310)
Subtotal	(65,195)	(37,696)	(52,558)
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
EBITDA	31,935	31,689	39,798
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(2,185)	(2,360)	(3,466)
Interest expense	(4,722)	(7,723)	(8,922)
Subtotal	$ 25,028	$ 21,606	$ 27,410

Segment Information - Summary_3

Segment Information - Summary Of Total Assets For Operating Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 1,782,174	$ 1,939,322
Operating Segments | Ethanol Production
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	1,234,635	1,275,562
Operating Segments | Agribusiness & Energy Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	412,006	413,937
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	143,716	254,300
Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	$ (8,183)	$ (4,477)

Inventories - Narrative (Detail

Inventories - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Lower of cost or market adjustment	$ 2,100,000	$ 2,600,000	$ 12,300,000

Inventories - Schedule Of Inven

Inventories - Schedule Of Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished goods	$ 72,863	$ 73,975
Commodities held for sale	48,500	45,898
Raw materials	37,334	32,820
Work-in-process	13,569	14,454
Supplies and parts	55,178	48,663
Inventories	$ 227,444	$ 215,810

Property and Equipment - Schedu

Property and Equipment - Schedule Of Components Of Property And Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 1,792,053	$ 1,708,005
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(749,593)	(686,077)
Property and equipment, net	1,042,460	1,021,928
Plant equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	1,200,795	1,175,566
Buildings and improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	218,660	218,269
Land and improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	107,543	107,399
Railroad track and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	32,137	32,752
Construction-in-progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	174,151	115,243
Property and equipment, net	17,900
Computer hardware and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	27,829	23,645
Office furniture and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	3,422	3,580
Leasehold improvements and other
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 27,516	$ 31,551

Property and Equipment - Narrat

Property and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Capitalized interest	$ 4.4	$ 3.6	$ 11.3

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_2

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) reportingUnit	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Goodwill [Line Items]
Number of reporting units | reportingUnit	1
Finite-lived intangible assets, accumulated amortization	$ 15,962	$ 13,483
Weighted average remaining amortization period	8 years 10 months 24 days	9 years 10 months 24 days
Ethanol Production
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 18,500	$ 29,100
Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale | Birmingham Terminal
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill				$ 10,598
Fluid Quip Technologies, LLC
Goodwill [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	2,500	$ 2,800	$ 4,800
Finite-lived intangible asset, expected amortization, year one	2,200
Finite-lived intangible asset, expected amortization, year two	2,000
Finite-lived intangible asset, expected amortization, year three	1,800
Finite-lived intangible asset, expected amortization, year four	1,600
Finite-lived intangible asset, expected amortization, year five	500
Finite-lived intangible asset, expected amortization, after year five	$ 4,600

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_3

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Components of the FQT Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total	$ 28,628	$ 28,628
Accumulated amortization	(15,962)	(13,483)
Total intangible assets, net	$ 12,666	$ 15,145
Weighted average remaining amortization period	8 years 10 months 24 days	9 years 10 months 24 days
Customer relationships and backlog
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total	$ 17,628	$ 17,628
Intellectual property
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total	9,700	9,700
Trade name
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total	$ 1,300	$ 1,300

Derivative Financial Instrume_3

Derivative Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ (973)	$ 3,160
Energy trading contracts, gain (loss)	$ 4,100	$ 4,800	$ 4,000

Derivative Financial Instrume_4

Derivative Financial Instruments - Schedule Of Fair Values Of Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset derivatives, fair value	$ 10,154	$ 13,311
Liability derivatives, fair value	4,806	10,579
Net unrealized gains on exchange traded futures and options contracts included in balance sheet	4,700
Net unrealized loss on derivative financial instruments	3,000	700
Net Unrealized Gains On Exchange Traded Futures And Options Contracts Included In Balance Sheet	6,500
Fair Value Hedging
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives	500	700
Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset derivatives, fair value	10,154	13,311
Liability derivatives, fair value	4,791	10,577
Other Liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset derivatives, fair value	0	0
Liability derivatives, fair value	$ 15	$ 2

Derivative Financial Instrume_5

Derivative Financial Instruments - Schedule Of Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) in Statement of Financial Performance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	$ (13,438)	$ (22,521)	$ (2,406)
Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets	48,500	45,898
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liabilities	$ 8,166	$ (1,104)
Hedged Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Inventories Carrying Amount	Inventories Carrying Amount
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	$ 29,287	$ 43,090	(71,012)
Revenue
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	9,832	2,482	3,347
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded	$ 9,832	$ 2,482	$ 3,347
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Revenues	Revenues	Revenues
Cost of Goods Sold
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	$ (23,270)	$ (25,003)	$ (5,753)
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of operations in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded	$ (22,911)	$ (22,243)	$ 659
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses reflected below)	Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses reflected below)	Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses reflected below)
Commodity derivatives
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives	$ (8,001)	$ 8,369	$ (21,201)
Commodity derivatives | Revenue | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	4,246	(2,552)	2,470
Commodity derivatives | Cost of Goods Sold | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	5,442	(4,265)	(6,381)
Commodity derivatives | Fair Value Hedging | Revenue
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on fair value hedges recognized in earnings	0	0	0
Commodity derivatives | Fair Value Hedging | Cost of Goods Sold
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on fair value hedges recognized in earnings	6,398	(11,657)	735
Commodity derivatives | Fair Value Hedging | Cost of Goods Sold | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on fair value hedges recognized in earnings		14,417	5,677
Forwards | Revenue | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	(4,446)	4,842	(7,404)
Exchange Traded Futures and Options | Cost of Goods Sold | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	24,045	45,065	(59,697)
Exchange Future | Fair Value Hedging | Revenue | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on fair value hedges recognized in earnings	0	$ 0	$ 0
Exchange Future | Fair Value Hedging | Cost of Goods Sold | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on fair value hedges recognized in earnings	$ (6,039)

Derivative Financial Instrume_6

Derivative Financial Instruments - Schedule Of Open Position Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) lb in Thousands, gal in Thousands, bu in Thousands, T in Thousands, MMBTU in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 MMBTU gal bu lb T
Corn | Exchange Traded | Short | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives	2,570
Corn | Exchange Traded | Short | Cash Flow Hedges | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives	280
Corn | Exchange Traded | Short | Fair Value Hedging | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives	6,915
Corn | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives	0
Corn | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives	31,742
Ethanol | Exchange Traded | Short | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | gal	46,536
Ethanol | Exchange Traded | Short | Cash Flow Hedges | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | gal	840
Ethanol | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | gal	202,522
Ethanol | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | gal	2,784
Natural Gas | Exchange Traded | Short | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | MMBTU	388
Natural Gas | Exchange Traded | Short | Fair Value Hedging | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | MMBTU	4,390
Natural Gas | Exchange Traded | Long | Options
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | MMBTU	378
Natural Gas | Exchange Traded | Long | Cash Flow Hedges | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | MMBTU	3,205
Natural Gas | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | MMBTU	1,569
Natural Gas | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | MMBTU	7,991
Corn | Exchange Traded | Long | Options
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | lb	2,384
Distillers Grains | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | T	212
Distillers Grains | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | T	90
Renewable Corn Oil | Non-Exchange Traded | Short | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | lb	48,733
Renewable Corn Oil | Non-Exchange Traded | Long | Forwards
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives | lb	0
Soybean Meal | Exchange Traded | Short | Futures
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives	8
Soybean Meal | Exchange Traded | Short | Options
Derivative [Line Items]
Volumes of open commodity derivatives	6

Debt - Narrative (Details)

Debt - Narrative (Details)				1 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	Sep. 01, 2022 USD ($) shares	Jul. 08, 2022 USD ($) shares	May 25, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($) item $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2019 shares	Aug. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity								$ 874,537,000	$ 990,056,000	$ 1,061,066,000	$ 1,102,019,000
Long-term debt								432,460,000	491,918,000
Loss on extinguishment debt								1,763,000	0	419,000
Exchange of 4.00% convertible notes due 2024 for shares of common stock held in treasury stock								0	0	64,000,000
Payment for Debt Extinguishment or Debt Prepayment Cost								29,196,000	0	0
Additional Paid-in Capital
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity								1,213,646,000	1,113,806,000	1,110,151,000	1,069,573,000
Retained (Deficit)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity								$ (318,298,000)	(235,801,000)	(142,417,000)	$ (15,199,000)
Ethanol Production Segment
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt interest rate								5.77%
Ethanol Production Segment | Medium-Term Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payment for Debt Extinguishment or Debt Prepayment Cost								$ 56,000,000	$ 3,000,000	$ 1,000,000
2.25% Convertible Notes Due 2027 | Corporate Activities | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount					$ 230,000,000
Interest rate, stated percentage					2.25%			2.25%
Debt instrument convertible rate					3.16206%
Debt conversion price | $ / shares					$ 31.62
Conversion price percentage					37.50%
Percent of excess of applicable conversion price					140%
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading days | item					20
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days | item					30
Redemption price, percentage					100%
Percent of principal amount, cash price for repurchase					100%
4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024 | Convertible Notes | Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount		$ 64,000,000	$ 64,000,000									$ 115,000,000
Interest rate, stated percentage		4%				4%		4%				4%
Debt instrument convertible rate			6.64178%
Common stock for conversion, shares | shares		4,300,000
Debt conversion amount		$ 64,000,000	$ 64,000,000
Loss on extinguishment debt								$ 419,000
4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024 | Corporate Activities | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage									4%
Debt instrument convertible rate			6.64178%
Common stock for conversion, shares | shares						0.066154
4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022 | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount	$ 23,000
Interest rate, stated percentage	4.125%
Common stock for conversion, shares | shares	15,000			1,200,000
Debt instrument, exchange amount				$ 32,600,000
Exchange of 4.00% convertible notes due 2024 for shares of common stock held in treasury stock	$ 1,700,000
4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022 | Convertible Notes | Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage				4.125%		4.125%		4.125%
Common stock for conversion, shares | shares	15,000			1,200,000
Debt conversion amount	$ 1,700,000			$ 32,600,000
4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022 | Corporate Activities | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount							$ 170,000,000
Interest rate, stated percentage							4.125%
Debt instrument convertible rate							3.57143%

Debt - Schedule Of The Componen

Debt - Schedule Of The Components Of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 01, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Feb. 09, 2021	Aug. 31, 2016
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total book value of long-term debt	$ 437,788,000	$ 498,763,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	3,210,000	5,013,000
Less: current maturities of long-term debt	(2,118,000)	(1,832,000)
Total long-term debt	$ 432,460,000	491,918,000
Convertible Notes | 2.25% Convertible Notes Due 2027 | Corporate Activities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	2.25%			2.25%
Debt instrument, face amount				$ 230,000,000
Total book value of long-term debt	$ 230,000,000	230,000,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(2,700,000)	$ (4,000,000)
Convertible Notes | 4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024 | Corporate Activities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage		4%
Convertible Notes | 4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage			4.125%
Debt instrument, face amount			$ 23,000
Convertible Notes | 4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022 | Corporate Activities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage						4.125%
Debt instrument, face amount						$ 170,000,000
Other Debt Obligations
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total book value of long-term debt	11,163,000	$ 14,669,000
Green Plains SPE LLC | $125.0 Million Junior Secured Mezzanine Notes Due 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage					11.75%
Debt instrument, face amount	125,000,000
Total book value of long-term debt	125,000,000	125,000,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	200,000	400,000
Green Plains Wood River and Green Plains Shenandoah | $75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount	75,000,000
Total book value of long-term debt	71,625,000	73,125,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	300,000	300,000
Credit Facility | Partnership Segment
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount	60,000,000
Total book value of long-term debt	0	$ 55,969,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	$ 300,000

Debt - Schedule Of Maturities O

Debt - Schedule Of Maturities Of Long-Term Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2025	$ 2,207
2026	127,222
2027	232,231
2028	2,169
2029	2,192
Thereafter	71,767
Total	$ 437,788

Debt - Schedule Of Short-term N

Debt - Schedule Of Short-term Notes Payable And Other Borrowings (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings	$ 140,829,000	$ 105,973,000
Revolver350.0 Million
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings	133,500,000	99,000,000
Debt instrument, face amount	350,000,000
$40.0 Million Hedge Line | Green Plains Commodity Management
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings	7,329,000	$ 6,973,000
Debt instrument, face amount	$ 40,000,000

Debt - Ethanol Production Segme

Debt - Ethanol Production Segment, Partnership Segment, Covenant Compliance, and Restricted Net Assets Narrative (Details)	Jul. 20, 2021	Feb. 09, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 03, 2020 USD ($) $ / gal	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Restricted assets				$ 12,800,000
Green Plains SPE LLC | $125.0 Million Junior Secured Mezzanine Notes Due 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount				125,000,000
Debt maturity dates		Feb. 09, 2026
Interest rate, stated percentage		11.75%
Debt instrument, term		42 months
Green Plains SPE LLC | $125.0 Million Junior Secured Mezzanine Notes Due 2026 | Elect To Pay In Cash
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage		6%
Green Plains SPE LLC | $125.0 Million Junior Secured Mezzanine Notes Due 2026 | Paid In Kind
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage		6.75%
Green Plains Wood River and Green Plains Shenandoah | $75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount				$ 75,000,000
Ethanol Production Segment | Green Plains SPE LLC | $125.0 Million Junior Secured Mezzanine Notes Due 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount		$ 125,000,000
Ethanol Production Segment | Green Plains Wood River and Green Plains Shenandoah | $75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount			$ 75,000,000
Debt maturity dates			Sep. 01, 2035
Interest rate, stated percentage			5.02%
Annual principal payments			$ 1,500,000
Minimum loan to value ratio, percent			50%
Fixed charge coverage ratio			1.25
Debt service reserve term of future payments			6 months
Minimum working capital required for compliance, per gallon | $ / gal			0.10
Minimum working capital required for compliance			$ 90,300,000
Ethanol Production Segment | Green Plains Wood River and Green Plains Shenandoah | $75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate premium			0%
Ethanol Production Segment | Green Plains Wood River and Green Plains Shenandoah | $75.0 Million Delayed Draw Loan Agreement | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate premium			1.50%
Partnership Segment | Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage	8.26%

Debt - Agribusiness And Energy

Debt - Agribusiness And Energy Services Segment (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 25, 2022	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings		$ 140,829,000	$ 105,973,000
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Facility's interest rate		0.0788
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Green Plains Commodity Management | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity		40,000,000
Facility's interest rate		$ 0.0612
Agribusiness & Energy Services | Green Plains Commodity Management | Revolving Credit Facility | SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage		1.75%
Revolver350.0 Million
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount		$ 350,000,000
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings		133,500,000	$ 99,000,000
Revolver350.0 Million | Agribusiness & Energy Services
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Minimum current ratio required	1
Minimum collateral coverage ratio required	1.20
Maximum debt to capitalization ratio required	0.60
Revolver350.0 Million | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, term	5 years
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 350,000,000
Revolver350.0 Million | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Additional amounts available under facility, accordion feature	$ 100,000,000
Revolver350.0 Million | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused capacity fee, percentage	0.275%
Change in control percentage benchmark	0.025%
Revolver350.0 Million | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum | SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage	2.25%
Revolver350.0 Million | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum | Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage	1.25%
Revolver350.0 Million | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused capacity fee, percentage	0.375%
Change in control percentage benchmark	0.10%
Revolver350.0 Million | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum | SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage	2.50%
Revolver350.0 Million | Agribusiness & Energy Services | Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum | Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, basis spread on variable rate, percentage	1.50%
Inventory Financing, $50.0 Million | Green Plains Grain
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term notes payable and other borrowings		$ 0

Stock-Based Compensation - Narr

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Feb. 16, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	May 06, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares or units authorized					6,900,000
Compensation costs expensed		$ 8.3	$ 13	$ 9.1
Unrecognized compensation costs		$ 14.2
Compensation expected to be recognized, weighted-average period in years		1 year 8 months 12 days
Potential tax benefit, percentage		24%
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant		2,100,000
Green Plains Partners Merger | Green Plains Partners Long-Term Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common Stock, Capital Shares Reserved for Future Issuance		1,200,000
Performance Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vested (in shares)		136,475
Non-vested, shares outstanding		538,572	404,740
Risk-free interest rate		4.44%
Dividend yield		0%
Expected volatility		54.60%
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Exercise Price		$ 20.21
Share Price		$ 25.23
Performance Shares | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted shares		100%
Maximum amount of shares available to be issued		1,077,144
Maximum amount of shares available to be issued (in percent)		200%
Non-vested, shares outstanding		538,572
Performance Shares | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted shares		100%
Vested (in shares)	118,673
Issuance of common stock (in shares)	136,475
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Vested Target Percentage	115%
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration period		5 years
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration period		8 years

Stock-Based Compensation - Sche

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule Of Non-Vested Stock Award And DSU Activity (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock Awards And Deferred Stock Units
Non-Vested ‎Shares and ‎Deferred ‎Stock Units
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 (in shares) | shares	607,894
Granted (in shares) | shares	523,402
Forfeited(in shares) | shares	(10,915)
Vested (in shares) | shares	(384,868)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 (in shares) | shares	735,513
Weighted- ‎Average Grant- ‎Date Fair Value
Outstanding, Weighted average grant date fair value at December 31, 2021 ($ per share) | $ / shares	$ 30.79
Granted, Weighted average grant date fair value ($ per share) | $ / shares	19.14
Forfeited, Weighted average grant date fair value ($ per share) | $ / shares	25.01
Vested, Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | $ / shares	29.14
Outstanding, Weighted average grant date fair value at December 31, 2022 ($ per share) | $ / shares	$ 23.45
Non-vested, Weighted-Average Remaining Vesting Term (in years)	1 year 8 months 12 days
Long Term Incentive Plan | Green Plains Partners LP
Non-Vested ‎Shares and ‎Deferred ‎Stock Units
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 (in shares) | shares	18,549
Vested (in shares) | shares	(18,549)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 (in shares) | shares	0
Weighted- ‎Average Grant- ‎Date Fair Value
Outstanding, Weighted average grant date fair value at December 31, 2021 ($ per share) | $ / shares	$ 12.94
Vested, Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | $ / shares	12.94
Outstanding, Weighted average grant date fair value at December 31, 2022 ($ per share) | $ / shares	$ 0
Non-vested, Weighted-Average Remaining Vesting Term (in years)	0 years

Stock-Based Compensation - Sc_2

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule Of Non-Vested Performance Share Award Activity (Details) - Performance Shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Performance ‎Shares
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 (in shares) | shares	404,740
Granted (in shares) | shares	270,307
Vested (in shares) | shares	(136,475)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 (in shares) | shares	538,572
Weighted- ‎Average Grant- ‎Date Fair Value
Outstanding, Weighted average grant date fair value at December 31, 2021 ($ per share) | $ / shares	$ 30.51
Granted, Weighted average grant date fair value ($ per share) | $ / shares	23
Vested, Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | $ / shares	26.22
Outstanding, Weighted average grant date fair value at December 31, 2022 ($ per share) | $ / shares	$ 27.82
Non-vested, Weighted-Average Remaining Vesting Term (in years)	1 year 4 months 24 days

Earnings Per Share - Schedule O

Earnings Per Share - Schedule Of Basic And Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss attributable to Green Plains	$ (82,497)	$ (93,384)	$ (127,218)
Net loss attributable to Green Plains	$ (82,497)	$ (93,384)	$ (127,218)
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	63,796,000	58,814,000	55,541,000
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	63,796,000	58,814,000	55,541,000
EPS - basic	$ (1.29)	$ (1.59)	$ (2.29)
EPS - diluted	$ (1.29)	$ (1.59)	$ (2.29)
Anti-dilutive weighted-average convertible debt, warrants and stock-based compensation	7,696,000	8,419,000	8,556,000

Stockholders' Equity - Narrativ

Stockholders' Equity - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands				1 Months Ended				12 Months Ended			101 Months Ended
	Sep. 01, 2022	Jul. 08, 2022	May 25, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2019	Aug. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2020
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity								$ 874,537	$ 990,056	$ 1,061,066	$ 1,061,066	$ 1,102,019
Long-term debt								$ 432,460	$ 491,918
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)								$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Exchange of 4.00% convertible notes due 2024 for shares of common stock held in treasury stock								$ 0	$ 0	64,000
Amount of treasury hold shares								31,174	31,174
Amount of authorized stock repurchase								200,000
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)											7,400,000
Repurchase of common stock											$ 92,800
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)								$ 973	$ (3,160)
Treasury stock, common (in shares)								2,805,059
Green Plains Partners Merger
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)								$ 0.001
Business Combination, Accumulated Fees to Offset Equity Interests Issued and Issuable								$ 7,500
Convertible Notes | 4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024 | Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage		4%				4%		4%					4%
Debt conversion amount		$ 64,000	$ 64,000
Common stock for conversion, shares		4,300,000
Debt instrument convertible rate			6.64178%
Convertible Notes | 4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	4.125%
Common stock for conversion, shares	15,000			1,200,000
Exchange of 4.00% convertible notes due 2024 for shares of common stock held in treasury stock	$ 1,700
Convertible Notes | 4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022 | Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage				4.125%		4.125%		4.125%
Debt conversion amount	$ 1,700			$ 32,600
Common stock for conversion, shares	15,000			1,200,000
Convertible Notes | 4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022 | Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment | Cash Settlement
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Exchange of 4.00% convertible notes due 2024 for shares of common stock held in treasury stock	$ 1,700
Corporate Activities | Convertible Notes | 4.00% Convertible Notes Due 2024
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage									4%
Common stock for conversion, shares						0.066154
Debt instrument convertible rate			6.64178%
Corporate Activities | Convertible Notes | 4.125% Convertible Notes Due 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage							4.125%
Debt instrument convertible rate							3.57143%
Common Stock
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity								$ 68	$ 62	62	62	62
Warrants
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock reserved for exercise of warrants					2,550,000
Number of common stock reserved for exercise of warrants, exercisable					2,275,000
Remaining warrants number					275,000
Remaining warrants, contingent upon certain earn-out provisions, exercisable					194,444
Remaining warrants, contingent upon certain earn-out provisions					80,556
Exercise price (in dollars per share)					$ 22
Warrants | Exercise Price One
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock reserved for exercise of warrants					275,000
Warrants | Exercise Price Two
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock reserved for exercise of warrants					275,000
Warrants | Exercise Price Three
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock reserved for exercise of warrants					2,000,000
Additional Paid-in Capital
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity								1,213,646	1,113,806	1,110,151	1,110,151	1,069,573
Retained (Deficit)
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity								$ (318,298)	$ (235,801)	$ (142,417)	$ (142,417)	$ (15,199)

Stockholders' Equity - Reclassi

Stockholders' Equity - Reclassification From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 2,458,796	$ 3,295,743	$ 3,662,849
Cost of goods sold	2,328,346	3,130,992	3,550,169
Loss before income taxes and income (loss) from equity method investees	(71,298)	(82,349)	(98,701)
Income tax benefit	6,212	(5,617)	4,747
Net loss	(81,189)	(76,299)	(103,377)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Revenues	9,832	2,482	3,347
Cost of goods sold	(23,270)	(25,003)	(5,753)
Loss before income taxes and income (loss) from equity method investees	(13,438)	(22,521)	(2,406)
Income tax benefit	(3,223)	(5,438)	(578)
Net loss	$ (10,215)	$ (17,083)	$ (1,828)

Income Taxes - Narrative (Detai

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Unrecognized tax benefits increase from settlement	$ 28,200
Tax credit carryforwards - Federal	35,098	$ 63,050
Tax credit carryforwards - State	1,359	5,225
Net operating loss carryforwards - Federal	26,104	7,824
Unrecognized tax benefits	79,500	$ 51,400
Begin To Expire In 2033
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards - Federal	35,100
Begin To Expire In 2022
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards - State	$ 1,400

Income Taxes - Schedule Of Inco

Income Taxes - Schedule Of Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Current	$ 2,268	$ 1,238	$ 232
Deferred	3,944	(6,855)	4,515
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$ 6,212	$ (5,617)	$ 4,747

Income Taxes - Schedule Of Diff

Income Taxes - Schedule Of Differences Between The Income Tax Expense (Benefit)Computed At The Statutory Federal income Tax Rate And As Presented On The Consolidated Statements Of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Tax expense at federal statutory rate	$ (14,750)	$ (17,293)	$ (21,222)
State income tax expense (benefit), net of federal benefit	1,123	(662)	746
Nondeductible compensation	1,388	2,787	1,221
Noncontrolling interests	(150)	(3,660)	(5,245)
Dissolution of MLP	23,919	0	0
R&D tax credit audit agreement in-principle	(232)	0	0
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance	(5,491)	15,892	27,778
Stock compensation	278	(4,440)	1,105
Other	127	1,759	364
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 6,212	$ (5,617)	$ 4,747

Income Taxes - Schedule Of Sign

Income Taxes - Schedule Of Significant Components Of Deferred Tax Assets And Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets
Net operating loss carryforwards - Federal	$ 26,104	$ 7,824
Net operating loss carryforwards - State	15,777	12,909
Tax credit carryforwards - Federal	35,098	63,050
Tax credit carryforwards - State	1,359	5,225
Section 174 capitalized expenses	54,470	63,267
Interest expense carryforward	20,003	16,996
Investment in partnerships and joint ventures	3,807	49,735
Inventory valuation	983	2,079
Stock-based compensation	1,377	2,371
Accrued expenses	7,818	5,200
Lease obligations	18,693	9,514
Organizational and start-up costs	379	335
Other	1,580	824
Total	187,448	239,329
Valuation allowance	(77,657)	(117,258)
Total deferred tax assets	109,791	122,071
Deferred tax liabilities
Fixed assets	(98,485)	(114,690)
Derivative financial instruments	(78)	(1,238)
Right-of-use assets	(17,081)	(6,746)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(115,644)	(122,674)
Deferred income taxes	$ (5,853)	$ (603)

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Trading Activity, Gains and Losses, Net [Line Items]
Contracted future purchases	$ 196.6
Amount of future commitments for storage and transportation	38.9
Cash grant received	$ 3.4	$ 27.7
Minimum
Trading Activity, Gains and Losses, Net [Line Items]
Remaining lease term	1 year
Maximum
Trading Activity, Gains and Losses, Net [Line Items]
Remaining lease term	12 years 10 months 24 days

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Components Of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 29,061	$ 27,773	$ 22,116
Variable Lease, Cost (Benefit)	1,075	(97)	1,394
Total lease expense	$ 30,136	$ 27,676	$ 23,510

Commitments and Contingencies_3

Commitments and Contingencies - Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related To Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 29,568	$ 27,275	$ 21,459
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating leases	25,403	28,471	28,565
Right-of-use assets and lease obligations derecognized due to lease modifications
Right-of-use assets	2,208	3,428	0
Lease obligations	$ 2,739	$ 3,428	$ 0

Commitments and Contingencies_4

Commitments and Contingencies - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related To Operating Leases (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term	4 years	4 years 6 months
Weighted average discount rate	5.36%	5.16%

Commitments and Contingencies_5

Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule Of Aggregate Minimum Lease Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2025	$ 27,822
2026	20,595
2027	16,225
2028	7,685
2029	4,344
Thereafter	5,655
Total	82,326
Less: Present value discount	(8,425)
Lease liabilities	$ 73,901

Employee Benefit Plans - Narrat

Employee Benefit Plans - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent	6%	4%
Defined contribution plan, vesting percentage	100%
Employer contributions to 401(k) plan	$ 4.5	$ 3.9	$ 3.5
Defined benefit pension plan, assets	4.5
Net liabilities included on the balance sheet	0.7	$ 1
Defined benefit pension plan, liabilities	$ 5.2
Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent	8%