Loans | Loans The following disclosure reports the Company’s loan portfolio segments and classes. Segments are groupings of similar loans at a level in which the Company has adopted systematic methods of documentation for determining its allowance for loan and credit losses. Classes are a disaggregation of the portfolio segments. The Company’s loan portfolio segments are: Real estate loans. Real estate includes loans for which the Company holds one-to-four family, multi-family, commercial and construction real property as collateral. Commercial real estate lending activity is typically restricted to owner-occupied properties or to investor properties that are owned by customers with a current banking relationship. The primary risks of real estate mortgage loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate that is being held as collateral and significant increases in interest rates, which may make the real estate mortgage loan unprofitable. Real estate loans also may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Commercial and industrial . Commercial and industrial loans consist of loans and lines of credit to small and medium-sized businesses in a wide variety of industries, including distributors, manufacturers, software developers, business services companies and independent finance companies. Commercial and industrial loans are generally collateralized by accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, loan and lease receivables, and other commercial assets, and may be supported by other credit enhancements such as personal guarantees. Risk may arise from differences between expected and actual cash flows and/or liquidity levels of the borrowers, as well as the type of collateral securing these loans and the reliability of the conversion thereof to cash. Since the March 2019 sale of the business loan portfolio, commercial and industrial loans consist primarily of asset based loans. In the first quarter of 2020, the Company began offering a new pilot product called SEN Leverage, which will allow Silvergate customers to obtain U.S. dollar loans collateralized by bitcoin held at select digital currency exchanges or custodians that are also Silvergate customers. The Company plans to expand this offering in the latter part of 2020. The outstanding balance of SEN Leverage loans was $20.0 million as of June 30, 2020 . Consumer and other. Consumer loans consist of consumer loans and other loans secured by personal property. Reverse mortgage. From 2012 to 2014, the Company purchased home equity conversion mortgage (“HECM”) loans (also known as reverse mortgage loans) which are a special type of home loan, for homeowners aged 62 years or older, that requires no monthly mortgage payments. Reverse mortgage loan insurance is provided by the U.S. Federal Housing Administration through the HECM program which protects lenders from losses due to non-repayment of the loans. In mid-2014, the Company ceased purchases of reverse mortgage loans and, began selling its remaining loans in the secondary market. Mortgage warehouse. The Company’s mortgage warehouse lending division provides short-term interim funding for single-family residential mortgage loans originated by mortgage bankers or other lenders pending the sale of such loans in the secondary market. The Company’s risk is mitigated by comprehensive policies, procedures, and controls governing this activity, partial loan funding by the originating lender, guaranties or additional monies pledged to the Company as security, and the short holding period of funded loans on the Company’s balance sheet. In addition, the loss rates of this portfolio have historically been minimal, and these loans are all subject to written purchase commitments from takeout investors or are hedged. The Company’s mortgage warehouse loans may either be held-for-investment or held-for-sale depending on the underlying contract. The Company sold approximately $20.2 million and $36.8 million of loans to participants during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 , respectively. The Company sold approximately $41.9 million and $100.6 million of loans to participants during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 , respectively. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , gross mortgage warehouse loans were approximately $477.1 million and $405.0 million , respectively. A summary of loans as of the periods presented are as follows: June 30, December 31, (Dollars in thousands) Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 216,038 $ 193,367 Multi-family 72,007 81,233 Commercial 316,815 331,052 Construction 10,822 7,213 Commercial and industrial 24,707 14,440 Consumer and other 243 122 Reverse mortgage 1,309 1,415 Mortgage warehouse 155,308 39,247 Total gross loans held-for-investment 797,249 668,089 Deferred fees, net 3,062 2,724 Total loans held-for-investment 800,311 670,813 Allowance for loan losses (6,763 ) (6,191 ) Total loans held-for-investment, net $ 793,548 $ 664,622 Total loans held-for-sale (1) $ 321,835 $ 375,922 ________________________ (1) Loans held-for-sale included $321.8 million and $365.8 million of mortgage warehouse loans at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , approximately $617.0 million and $614.3 million , respectively, of the Company’s loan portfolio were collateralized by various forms of real estate. A significant percentage of such loans are collateralized by properties located in California ( 74.1% and 64.8% as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively) and Arizona ( 6.5% and 10.2% as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively) with no other state greater than 5%. The Company attempts to address and mitigate concentrations of credit risk by making loans that are diversified by collateral type, placing limits on the amounts of various categories of loans relative to total Company capital, and conducting quarterly reviews of its portfolio by collateral type, geography, and other characteristics. While management believes that the collateral presently securing its portfolio and the recorded allowance for loan losses are adequate to absorb potential losses, there can be no assurances that significant deterioration in the California and Arizona real estate markets would not expose the Company to significantly greater credit risk. Recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable, loan origination fees, net and unamortized premium or discount, net due to immateriality. Accrued interest on loans held-for-investment totaled approximately $2.6 million and $2.2 million and deferred fees totaled approximately $3.1 million and $2.7 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. Allowance for Loan Losses During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded a provision for loan losses of $0.2 million and $0.6 million , respectively, and t he ratio of the allowance for loan losses to gross loans held-for-investment at June 30, 2020 was 0.85% . The level of the allowance was based on modest increases in loan portfolio balances, Silvergate’s historically strong credit quality and minimal loan charge-offs, and the low to moderate loan-to-value margins in the Company's commercial, multi-family and one-to-four family real estate loans, as evidenced by weighted average loan-to-value ratios, based on last required appraisal value, in the low- to mid-50% range as of June 30, 2020. Although there is significant uncertainty in the current economic environment due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company believes the relatively low to moderate loan-to-value ratios provides a lower probability of loss in the event of defaults in the Company’s loan portfolio. The Company will continue to monitor trends in its portfolio segments for any known or probable adverse conditions with an emphasis on retail and hospitality loans within the commercial real estate loan portfolio. As of June 30, 2020, the Company enhanced its qualitative adjustment framework within the calculation of the allowance for loan losses to ensure consistency in the calculation. The change provided a structured framework using Company and peer historical data covering a full credit cycle to determine the range of potential loss for each qualitative adjustment. The overall change was not material to the overall allowance, however within loan segments the allowance was reallocated based on the weighted qualitative adjustment specific for each loan segment. The following tables present the allocation of the allowance for loan losses, as well as the activity in the allowance by loan class, and recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of and for the periods presented: Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 One-to Multi- Commercial Construction Commercial Consumer Reverse Mortgage Total (Dollars in thousands) Balance, March 31, 2020 $ 1,971 $ 689 $ 2,957 $ 258 $ 426 $ 1 $ 38 $ 218 $ 6,558 Charge-offs (17 ) — — — — — — — (17 ) Recoveries — — — — — — — — — Provision for loan losses (440 ) 133 (1,010 ) 760 337 — 1 441 222 Balance, June 30, 2020 $ 1,514 $ 822 $ 1,947 $ 1,018 $ 763 $ 1 $ 39 $ 659 $ 6,763 Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 One-to Multi- Commercial Construction Commercial Consumer Reverse Mortgage Total (Dollars in thousands) Balance, March 31, 2019 $ 1,889 $ 511 $ 3,937 $ 108 $ 256 $ — $ 54 $ 235 $ 6,990 Charge-offs (93 ) — — — — — — — (93 ) Recoveries — — — — — — — — — Provision for loan losses (27 ) 368 (176 ) (29 ) (19 ) 1 (18 ) 52 152 Balance, June 30, 2019 $ 1,769 $ 879 $ 3,761 $ 79 $ 237 $ 1 $ 36 $ 287 $ 7,049 Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 One-to Multi- Commercial Construction Commercial Consumer Reverse Mortgage Total (Dollars in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2019 $ 2,051 $ 653 $ 2,791 $ 96 $ 312 $ 1 $ 37 $ 250 $ 6,191 Charge-offs (17 ) — — — — — — — (17 ) Recoveries — — — — — — — — — Provision for loan losses (520 ) 169 (844 ) 922 451 — 2 409 589 Balance, June 30, 2020 $ 1,514 $ 822 $ 1,947 $ 1,018 $ 763 $ 1 $ 39 $ 659 $ 6,763 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 One-to Multi- Commercial Construction Commercial Consumer Reverse Mortgage Total (Dollars in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2018 $ 1,848 $ 483 $ 3,854 $ 98 $ 156 $ 1 $ 54 $ 229 $ 6,723 Charge-offs (93 ) — — — — — — — (93 ) Recoveries — — — — — — — — — Provision for loan losses 14 396 (93 ) (19 ) 81 — (18 ) 58 419 Balance, June 30, 2019 $ 1,769 $ 879 $ 3,761 $ 79 $ 237 $ 1 $ 36 $ 287 $ 7,049 June 30, 2020 One-to Multi- Commercial Construction Commercial Consumer Reverse Mortgage Total (Dollars in thousands) Amount of allowance attributed to: Specifically evaluated impaired loans $ 10 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 29 $ — $ 39 General portfolio allocation 1,504 822 1,947 1,018 763 1 10 659 6,724 Total allowance for loan losses $ 1,514 $ 822 $ 1,947 $ 1,018 $ 763 $ 1 $ 39 $ 659 $ 6,763 Loans evaluated for impairment: Specifically evaluated $ 3,412 $ — $ 1,941 $ — $ 1,870 $ — $ 857 $ — $ 8,080 Collectively evaluated 212,626 72,007 314,874 10,822 22,837 243 452 155,308 789,169 Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 216,038 $ 72,007 $ 316,815 $ 10,822 $ 24,707 $ 243 $ 1,309 $ 155,308 $ 797,249 December 31, 2019 One-to Multi- Commercial Construction Commercial Consumer Reverse Mortgage Total (Dollars in thousands) Amount of allowance attributed to: Specifically evaluated impaired loans $ 10 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 29 $ — $ 39 General portfolio allocation 2,041 653 2,791 96 312 1 8 250 6,152 Total allowance for loan losses $ 2,051 $ 653 $ 2,791 $ 96 $ 312 $ 1 $ 37 $ 250 $ 6,191 Loans evaluated for impairment: Specifically evaluated $ 4,222 $ — $ 7,353 $ — $ 2,714 $ — $ 848 $ — $ 15,137 Collectively evaluated 189,145 81,233 323,699 7,213 11,726 122 567 39,247 652,952 Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 193,367 $ 81,233 $ 331,052 $ 7,213 $ 14,440 $ 122 $ 1,415 $ 39,247 $ 668,089 Impaired Loans The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s investment in impaired loans as of and for the periods presented: June 30, 2020 Unpaid Recorded Related (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 4,044 $ 3,347 $ — Commercial 1,941 1,941 — Commercial and industrial 2,117 1,870 — Reverse mortgage 517 517 — 8,619 7,675 — With an allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family 65 65 10 Reverse mortgage 340 340 29 405 405 39 Total impaired loans $ 9,024 $ 8,080 $ 39 December 31, 2019 Unpaid Recorded Related (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 4,792 $ 4,156 $ — Commercial 7,632 7,353 — Commercial and industrial 2,929 2,714 — Reverse mortgage 510 511 — 15,863 14,734 — With an allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family 66 66 10 Reverse mortgage 337 337 29 403 403 39 Total impaired loans $ 16,266 $ 15,137 $ 39 Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 2019 Average Interest Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 3,390 $ 71 $ 4,133 $ 81 Commercial 1,941 22 7,836 99 Commercial and industrial 2,043 31 1,926 17 Reverse mortgage 515 — 807 — 7,889 124 14,702 197 With an allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family 65 2 — — Reverse mortgage 340 — 363 — 405 2 363 — Total impaired loans $ 8,294 $ 126 $ 15,065 $ 197 Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 2019 Average Interest Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 3,560 $ 97 $ 3,836 $ 129 Commercial 1,941 43 7,857 196 Commercial and industrial 2,186 72 2,407 70 Reverse mortgage 513 — 802 — 8,200 212 14,902 395 With an allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family 65 3 4 — Reverse mortgage 340 — 397 — 405 3 401 — Total impaired loans $ 8,605 $ 215 $ 15,303 $ 395 For purposes of this disclosure, the unpaid principal balance is not reduced for partial charge-offs. Cash basis interest income is not materially different than interest income recognized. Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans Nonperforming loans include individually evaluated impaired loans. Nonperforming loans consist of loans on nonaccrual status for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest. The following tables present by loan class the aging analysis based on contractual terms, nonaccrual loans, and the Company’s recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of the periods presented: June 30, 2020 30-59 60-89 Greater Total Current Total Nonaccruing Loans (Dollars in thousands) Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 2,639 $ 1,462 $ 1,523 $ 5,624 $ 210,414 $ 216,038 $ 3,174 $ — Multi-family — — — — 72,007 72,007 — — Commercial — — — — 316,815 316,815 — — Construction — — — — 10,822 10,822 — — Commercial and industrial — — — — 24,707 24,707 498 — Consumer and other — — — — 243 243 — — Reverse mortgage — — — — 1,309 1,309 856 — Mortgage warehouse — — — — 155,308 155,308 — — Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 2,639 $ 1,462 $ 1,523 $ 5,624 $ 791,625 $ 797,249 $ 4,528 $ — December 31, 2019 30-59 60-89 Greater Total Current Total Nonaccruing Loans (Dollars in thousands) Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 3,573 $ 96 $ 3,302 $ 6,971 $ 186,396 $ 193,367 $ 3,963 $ — Multi-family — — — — 81,233 81,233 — — Commercial — — — — 331,052 331,052 — — Construction — — — — 7,213 7,213 — — Commercial and industrial — — — — 14,440 14,440 1,098 — Consumer and other — — — — 122 122 — — Reverse mortgage — — — — 1,415 1,415 848 — Mortgage warehouse — — — — 39,247 39,247 — — Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 3,573 $ 96 $ 3,302 $ 6,971 $ 661,118 $ 668,089 $ 5,909 $ — Troubled Debt Restructurings A loan is identified as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and, for economic or legal reasons related to these difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower in the restructuring that it would not otherwise consider. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. The Company has granted a concession when, as a result of the restructuring, it does not expect to collect all amounts due or within the time periods originally due under the original contract, including one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; or a temporary forbearance with regard to the payment of principal or interest. All troubled debt restructurings are reviewed for potential impairment. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that is restructured remains on nonaccrual status for a minimum period of six months to demonstrate that the borrower can perform under the restructured terms. If the borrower’s performance under the new terms is not reasonably assured, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan. Loans classified as TDRs are reported as impaired loans. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , the Company had a recorded investment in TDR’s of $1.6 million and $1.8 million , respectively. The Company has not allocated any amount of specific allowance for those loans at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 . The Company has not committed to lend additional amounts to these TDRs. No loans were modified as TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 . Modifications of loans classified as TDRs during the periods presented, are as follows: Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Number of Pre- Post- (Dollars in thousands) Troubled debt restructurings: Real estate loans: One-to-four family 2 $ 1,018 $ 1,114 Commercial and industrial 1 494 494 3 1,512 1,608 The TDR’s described above had no impact the allowance for loan losses and charge-offs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 . A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms. There were no loans modified as TDRs for which there was a payment default within twelve months during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 or 2019 . There was no provision for loan loss or charge-offs for TDR’s that subsequently defaulted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 or 2019 . COVID-19 Related Modifications In March 2020, various regulatory agencies, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, (“the agencies”) issued an interagency statement on loan modifications for financial institutions working with customers affected by the Coronavirus. The interagency statement was effective immediately and impacted accounting for loan modifications. Under Accounting Standards Codification 310-40, “Receivables—Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors” a restructuring of debt constitutes a TDR if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. The agencies confirmed with the staff of the FASB that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief, are not to be considered TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. Loans qualifying for these modifications will not be required to be reported as delinquent, nonaccrual, impaired or criticized solely as a result of a COVID-19 loan modification for the months of payment deferrals. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their modified contractual payments. A revised statement issued in April 2020, further clarified the interaction between the interagency statement and the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) that was signed into law in March 2020. The Company elected to adopt these provisions of the CARES Act for the temporary modifications described above. In April 2020, the Company implemented a short-term loan modification program for customers impacted financially by the COVID-19 pandemic to provide temporary relief to certain borrowers who meet the program’s qualifications. The program was offered to borrowers to modify their existing loans to temporarily defer principal and/or interest payments for a specified period of time, extend loan maturity dates and/or waive certain loan covenants. Deferred payments may be extended for continued hardship but are not to exceed a total of six months. The majority of short-term loan modifications for commercial real estate loan borrowers consist of deferred payments which may include principal, interest and escrow. Deferred interest is capitalized to the loan balance and deferred principal is added to the maturity or payoff date. For one-to-four family loans, the majority of short-term modifications consist of deferring full monthly payment of principal, interest and escrow, with deferred payments due at maturity or payoff of the loan. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company modified 49 loans representing $136.8 million in loan balances, or 17% , of total gross loans held-for-investment as of June 30, 2020. All loans modified under these programs are maintained on full accrual status during the deferral period. No specific loan loss reserve allocation was deemed necessary for these modified loans. None of the modified loans met the criteria of a TDR under the CARES Act or the related interagency statement. Loans modified that were not classified as TDRs during the period presented, are as follows: Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 Number of Loan Balance At Period End (Dollars in thousands) COVID-19 related modifications: Real estate loans: One-to-four family 19 $ 11,970 Commercial 28 123,499 Commercial and industrial 2 1,373 Total COVID-19 related modifications 49 $ 136,842 Credit Quality Indicators The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. This analysis typically includes larger, nonhomogeneous loans such as commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass : Loans in all classes that are not adversely rated, are contractually current as to principal and interest, and are otherwise in compliance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management believes that there is a low likelihood of loss related to those loans that are considered pass. Special mention : Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. Substandard : Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful : Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loss : Credits rated as loss are charged-off. Management has no expectation of the recovery of any payments in respect of credits rated as loss. The following tables present by portfolio class the Company’s internal risk grading system as well as certain other information concerning the credit quality of the Company’s recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of the periods presented. No assets were classified as loss or doubtful during the periods presented. Credit Risk Grades Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total (Dollars in thousands) June 30, 2020 Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 212,864 $ — $ 3,174 $ — $ 216,038 Multi-family 72,007 — — — 72,007 Commercial 309,358 7,457 — — 316,815 Construction 10,822 — — — 10,822 Commercial and industrial 22,837 — 1,870 — 24,707 Consumer and other 243 — — — 243 Reverse mortgage 453 — 856 — 1,309 Mortgage warehouse 155,308 — — — 155,308 Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 783,892 $ 7,457 $ 5,900 $ — $ 797,249 Credit Risk Grades Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 189,405 $ — $ 3,962 $ — $ 193,367 Multi-family 81,233 — — — 81,233 Commercial 322,671 8,381 — — 331,052 Construction 7,213 — — — 7,213 Commercial and industrial 11,726 — 2,714 — 14,440 Consumer and other 122 — — — 122 Reverse mortgage 435 132 848 — 1,415 Mortgage warehouse 39,247 — — — 39,247 Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 652,052 $ 8,513 $ 7,524 $ — $ 668,089 Related Party Loans The Company had related party loans with an outstanding balance of $4.6 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 . During the six months ended June 30, 2020 , the balance of related party loans decreased by $40,000 due to principal payments. |