Loans | Loans The following disclosure reports the Company’s loan portfolio segments and classes. Segments are groupings of similar loans at a level in which the Company has adopted systematic methods of documentation for determining its allowance for loan and credit losses. Classes are a disaggregation of the portfolio segments. The Company’s loan portfolio segments are: Real estate. Real estate loans includes loans for which the Company holds one-to-four family, multi-family, commercial and construction real property as collateral. Commercial real estate lending activity is typically restricted to owner-occupied properties or to investor properties that are owned by customers with a current banking relationship. The primary risks of real estate mortgage loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate that is being held as collateral and significant increases in interest rates, which may make the real estate mortgage loan unprofitable. Real estate loans also may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Commercial and industrial . Commercial and industrial loans consist of loans and lines of credit to businesses that are generally collateralized by accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, loan and lease receivables, digital currency assets such as bitcoin and other commercial assets, and may be supported by other credit enhancements such as personal guarantees. Risks may arise from differences between expected and actual cash flows and/or liquidity levels of the borrowers, as well as the type of collateral securing these loans and the reliability of the conversion thereof to cash. Currently, commercial and industrial loans consist primarily of asset based loans. In January 2020, the Company began offering a new lending product called SEN Leverage, which allows Silvergate customers to obtain U.S. dollar loans collateralized by bitcoin held at select digital currency exchanges and other custodians that are also customers of the Bank. The outstanding balance of SEN Leverage loans was $117.3 million and $77.2 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Reverse mortgage and other. From 2012 to 2014, the Company purchased home equity conversion mortgage (“HECM”) loans (also known as reverse mortgage loans) which are a special type of home loan, for homeowners aged 62 years or older, that requires no monthly mortgage payments and allows the borrower to receive payments from the lender. Reverse mortgage loan insurance is provided by the U.S. Federal Housing Administration through the HECM program which protects lenders from losses due to non-repayment of the loans when the outstanding loan balance exceeds collateral value at the time the loan is required to be repaid. Other loans consist of consumer loans and loans secured by personal property. Mortgage warehouse. The Company’s mortgage warehouse lending division provides short-term interim funding for single-family residential mortgage loans originated by mortgage bankers or other lenders pending the sale of such loans in the secondary market. The Company’s risk is mitigated by comprehensive policies, procedures, and controls governing this activity, partial loan funding by the originating lender, guaranties or additional monies pledged to the Company as security, and the short holding period of funded loans on the Company’s balance sheet. In addition, the loss rates of this portfolio have historically been minimal, and these loans are all subject to written purchase commitments from takeout investors or are hedged. The Company’s mortgage warehouse loans may either be held-for-investment or held-for-sale depending on the underlying contract. The Company sold approximately $0.8 million and $21.7 million of loans to participants during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, gross mortgage warehouse loans were approximately $973.2 million and $963.9 million, respectively. A summary of loans as of the periods presented are as follows: March 31, December 31, (Dollars in thousands) Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 171,045 $ 187,855 Multi-family 74,003 77,126 Commercial 287,411 301,901 Construction 5,172 6,272 Commercial and industrial 118,598 78,909 Reverse mortgage and other 1,346 1,495 Mortgage warehouse 76,014 97,903 Total gross loans held-for-investment 733,589 751,461 Deferred fees, net 1,717 2,206 Total loans held-for-investment 735,306 753,667 Allowance for loan losses (6,916) (6,916) Total loans held-for-investment, net $ 728,390 $ 746,751 Total loans held-for-sale (1) $ 897,227 $ 865,961 ________________________ (1) Loans held-for-sale are comprised entirely of mortgage warehouse loans for all periods presented. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, approximately $539.0 million and $574.5 million, respectively, of the Company’s loan portfolio was collateralized by various forms of real estate. A significant percentage of such loans are collateralized by properties located in California (64.7% and 68.8% as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively) and Arizona (4.4% and 5.9% as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively) with no other state greater than 5%. The Company attempts to address and mitigate concentrations of credit risk by making loans that are diversified by collateral type, placing limits on the amounts of various categories of loans relative to total Company capital, and conducting quarterly reviews of its portfolio by collateral type, geography, and other characteristics. While management believes that the collateral presently securing its portfolio and the recorded allowance for loan losses are adequate to absorb potential losses, there can be no assurances that significant deterioration in the California and Arizona real estate markets would not expose the Company to significantly greater credit risk. Recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable, loan origination fees, net and unamortized premium or discount, net due to immateriality. Accrued interest on loans held-for-investment totaled approximately $3.1 million and $2.7 million and deferred fees totaled approximately $1.7 million and $2.2 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Allowance for Loan Losses At March 31, 2021, the Company’s total allowance for loan losses remained flat at $6.9 million, compared to December 31, 2020. The overall level of the allowance was based on Silvergate’s historically strong credit quality and minimal loan charge-offs, and the loan-to-value ratios in the low- to mid-50% range, based on last required appraisal value, in the Company's commercial, multi-family and one-to-four family real estate loans as of March 31, 2021. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company updated the allowance for loan loss model to remove no longer relevant historical loss data for the commercial and industrial loan segment, reflecting the growth of digital collateralized loans that are now the majority of the loan segment balance. In addition, the Company added a COVID-19 loan modification qualitative factor adjustment to the commercial and one-to-four family real estate loan segments to recognize the modifications granted over the previous twelve months and additional risks of default in these loan segments. The following tables present the allocation of the allowance for loan losses, as well as the activity in the allowance by loan class, and recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of and for the periods presented: Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 One-to Multi- Commercial Construction Commercial Reverse Mortgage Total (Dollars in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2020 $ 1,245 $ 878 $ 1,810 $ 590 $ 1,931 $ 39 $ 423 $ 6,916 Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Provision for loan losses 389 (50) 1,441 (97) (1,571) (21) (91) — Balance, March 31, 2021 $ 1,634 $ 828 $ 3,251 $ 493 $ 360 $ 18 $ 332 $ 6,916 Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 One-to Multi- Commercial Construction Commercial and Reverse Mortgage Total (Dollars in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2019 $ 2,051 $ 653 $ 2,791 $ 96 $ 312 $ 38 $ 250 $ 6,191 Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Provision for loan losses (80) 36 166 162 114 1 (32) 367 Balance, March 31, 2020 $ 1,971 $ 689 $ 2,957 $ 258 $ 426 $ 39 $ 218 $ 6,558 March 31, 2021 One-to Multi- Commercial Construction Commercial Reverse Mortgage Total (Dollars in thousands) Amount of allowance attributed to: Specifically evaluated impaired loans $ 12 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 7 $ — $ 19 General portfolio allocation 1,622 828 3,251 493 360 11 332 6,897 Total allowance for loan losses $ 1,634 $ 828 $ 3,251 $ 493 $ 360 $ 18 $ 332 $ 6,916 Loans evaluated for impairment: Specifically evaluated $ 5,141 $ — $ 9,830 $ — $ 237 $ 876 $ — $ 16,084 Collectively evaluated 165,904 74,003 277,581 5,172 118,361 470 76,014 717,505 Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 171,045 $ 74,003 $ 287,411 $ 5,172 $ 118,598 $ 1,346 $ 76,014 $ 733,589 December 31, 2020 One-to Multi- Commercial Construction Commercial Reverse Mortgage Total (Dollars in thousands) Amount of allowance attributed to: Specifically evaluated impaired loans $ 11 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 29 $ — $ 40 General portfolio allocation 1,234 878 1,810 590 1,931 10 423 6,876 Total allowance for loan losses $ 1,245 $ 878 $ 1,810 $ 590 $ 1,931 $ 39 $ 423 $ 6,916 Loans evaluated for impairment: Specifically evaluated $ 5,780 $ — $ 9,722 $ — $ 274 $ 869 $ — $ 16,645 Collectively evaluated 182,075 77,126 292,179 6,272 78,635 626 97,903 734,816 Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 187,855 $ 77,126 $ 301,901 $ 6,272 $ 78,909 $ 1,495 $ 97,903 $ 751,461 Impaired Loans The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s investment in impaired loans as of and for the periods presented: March 31, 2021 Unpaid Recorded Related (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 5,742 $ 5,077 $ — Commercial 9,830 9,830 — Commercial and industrial 237 237 — Reverse mortgage and other 801 800 — 16,610 15,944 — With an allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family 64 64 12 Reverse mortgage and other 76 76 7 140 140 19 Total impaired loans $ 16,750 $ 16,084 $ 19 December 31, 2020 Unpaid Recorded Related (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 6,432 $ 5,716 $ — Commercial 9,723 9,722 — Commercial and industrial 274 274 — Reverse mortgage and other 523 523 — 16,952 16,235 — With an allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family 64 64 11 Reverse mortgage and other 346 346 29 410 410 40 Total impaired loans $ 17,362 $ 16,645 $ 40 Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 2020 Average Interest Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 4,979 $ 77 $ 3,731 $ 26 Commercial 9,795 128 1,941 21 Commercial and industrial 249 5 2,329 42 Reverse mortgage and other 616 — 511 — 15,639 210 8,512 89 With an allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family 64 1 66 1 Reverse mortgage and other 258 — 338 — 322 1 404 1 Total impaired loans $ 15,961 $ 211 $ 8,916 $ 90 For purposes of this disclosure, the unpaid principal balance is not reduced for partial charge-offs. Cash basis interest income is not materially different than interest income recognized. Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans Nonperforming loans include individually evaluated impaired loans, loans for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest. The following tables present by loan class the aging analysis based on contractual terms, nonaccrual loans, and the Company’s recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of the periods presented: March 31, 2021 30-59 60-89 Greater Total Current Total Nonaccruing Loans (Dollars in thousands) Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 2,773 $ 2,187 $ 2,834 $ 7,794 $ 163,251 $ 171,045 $ 4,457 $ — Multi-family — — — — 74,003 74,003 — — Commercial — — — — 287,411 287,411 — — Construction — — — — 5,172 5,172 — — Commercial and industrial — — — — 118,598 118,598 — — Reverse mortgage and other — — — — 1,346 1,346 876 — Mortgage warehouse — — — — 76,014 76,014 — — Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 2,773 $ 2,187 $ 2,834 $ 7,794 $ 725,795 $ 733,589 $ 5,333 $ — December 31, 2020 30-59 60-89 Greater Total Current Total Nonaccruing Loans (Dollars in thousands) Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 992 $ 85 $ 3,820 $ 4,897 $ 182,958 $ 187,855 $ 4,113 $ — Multi-family 206 — — 206 76,920 77,126 — — Commercial — — — — 301,901 301,901 — — Construction — — — — 6,272 6,272 — — Commercial and industrial — — — — 78,909 78,909 — — Reverse mortgage and other — — — — 1,495 1,495 869 — Mortgage warehouse — — — — 97,903 97,903 — — Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 1,198 $ 85 $ 3,820 $ 5,103 $ 746,358 $ 751,461 $ 4,982 $ — Troubled Debt Restructurings A loan is identified as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and, for economic or legal reasons related to these difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower in the restructuring that it would not otherwise consider. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. The Company has granted a concession when, as a result of the restructuring, it does not expect to collect all amounts due or within the time periods originally due under the original contract, including one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; or a temporary forbearance with regard to the payment of principal or interest. All troubled debt restructurings are reviewed for potential impairment. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that is restructured remains on nonaccrual status for a minimum period of six months to demonstrate that the borrower can perform under the restructured terms. If the borrower’s performance under the new terms is not reasonably assured, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan. Loans classified as TDRs are reported as impaired loans. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had a recorded investment in TDRs of $1.5 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The Company has allocated $11,000 of specific allowance for those loans at March 31, 2021 and $11,000 December 31, 2020. The Company has not committed to lend additional amounts to these TDRs. No loans were modified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2021 or 2020. A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms. There were no loans modified as TDRs for which there was a payment default within twelve months during the three months ended March 31, 2021 or 2020. There was no provision for loan loss or charge-offs for TDR’s that subsequently defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2021 or 2020. COVID-19 Related Modifications In March 2020, Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) addressed COVID-19 related modifications and specified that such modifications made on loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are not TDRs. In December 2020, CARES Act was extended to allow eligible loan modifications until the earlier of January 1, 2022 or the date that is 60 days after the termination date of the national emergency. In accordance with interagency guidance issued in April 2020, short-term modifications made to a borrower affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and governmental shutdown orders, such as payment deferrals, fee waivers and extensions of repayment terms, do not need to be identified as TDRs if the loans were current at the time a modification plan was implemented. The Company elected to adopt the provisions of the CARES Act for modifications that meet the requirements described above. In April 2020, the Company implemented a short-term loan modification program for customers impacted financially by the COVID-19 pandemic to provide temporary relief to certain borrowers who meet the program’s qualifications. The program was offered to borrowers to modify their existing loans to temporarily defer principal and/or interest payments for a specified period of time, extend loan maturity dates and/or waive certain loan covenants. Deferred payments may be extended for continued hardship, on a case by case basis, where COVID-19 related issues continue to persist. Due to the fluid nature of COVID-19, this program has been evolving in order to provide maximum relief to bank borrowers. The majority of short-term loan modifications for commercial real estate loan borrowers consist of deferred payments which may include principal, interest and escrow. Deferred interest is capitalized to the loan balance and deferred principal is added to the maturity or payoff date. For one-to-four family residential real estate loans, the majority of short-term modifications consist of deferring full monthly payment of principal, interest and escrow, with deferred payments due at maturity or payoff of the loan. Loans qualifying for these modifications are not required to be reported as a TDR, delinquent, nonaccrual, impaired or criticized solely as a result of a COVID-19 loan modification for the months of payment deferrals. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their modified contractual payments. None of the modified loans met the criteria of a TDR under the CARES Act or the related interagency statement. As of March 31, 2021, loans representing $65.3 million in loan balances, or 8.9% of total gross loans held-for-investment, with the majority of the balance consisting of $40.0 million of commercial real estate loans in the hospitality sector, were still under modification, deferring a portion or all of the contractual payments. Credit Quality Indicators The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. This analysis typically includes larger, nonhomogeneous loans such as commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass : Loans in all classes that are not adversely rated, are contractually current as to principal and interest, and are otherwise in compliance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management believes that there is a low likelihood of loss related to those loans that are considered pass. Special mention : Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. Substandard : Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful : Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loss : Credits rated as loss are charged-off. Management has no expectation of the recovery of any payments in respect of credits rated as loss. The following tables present by portfolio class the Company’s internal risk grading system as well as certain other information concerning the credit quality of the Company’s recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of the periods presented. No assets were classified as loss or doubtful during the periods presented. Credit Risk Grades Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2021 Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 163,313 $ 3,275 $ 4,457 $ — $ 171,045 Multi-family 74,003 — — — 74,003 Commercial 265,135 14,402 7,874 — 287,411 Construction 5,172 — — — 5,172 Commercial and industrial 118,361 — 237 — 118,598 Reverse mortgage and other 470 — 876 — 1,346 Mortgage warehouse 76,014 — — — 76,014 Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 702,468 $ 17,677 $ 13,444 $ — $ 733,589 Credit Risk Grades Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2020 Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 180,458 $ 3,284 $ 4,113 $ — $ 187,855 Multi-family 77,126 — — — 77,126 Commercial 288,309 5,825 7,767 — 301,901 Construction 6,272 — — — 6,272 Commercial and industrial 78,635 — 274 — 78,909 Reverse mortgage and other 626 — 869 — 1,495 Mortgage warehouse 97,903 — — — 97,903 Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 729,329 $ 9,109 $ 13,023 $ — $ 751,461 Related Party Loans The Company had related party loans with an outstanding balance of $5.5 million and $5.0 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company advanced $2.0 million of related party loans and received $1.5 million in principal payments. |