Loans | Loans The following disclosure reports the Company’s loan portfolio segments and classes. Segments are groupings of similar loans at a level in which the Company has adopted systematic methods of documentation for determining its allowance for loan and credit losses. Classes are a disaggregation of the portfolio segments. The Company’s loan portfolio segments are: Real estate. Real estate loans include loans for which the Company holds one-to-four family, multi-family, commercial and construction real property as collateral. One-to-four family real estate loans primarily consist of non-qualified single-family residential mortgage loans and purchases of loan pools. Multi-family real estate loans have been offered for the purchase or refinancing of apartment properties located primarily in the Southern California market area. Commercial real estate lending activity has historically been primarily focused on investor properties that are owned by customers with a current banking relationship. The primary risks of real estate mortgage loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate that is being held as collateral and significant increases in interest rates, which may make the real estate mortgage loan unprofitable. Real estate loans also may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Commercial and industrial . Commercial and industrial loans consist of U.S. dollar denominated loans to businesses that are collateralized almost exclusively by bitcoin or U.S. dollars, also known as our core lending product, SEN Leverage. Commercial and industrial loans may also consist of loans and lines of credit to businesses that are generally collateralized by accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, loan and lease receivables and other commercial assets, and may be supported by other credit enhancements such as personal guarantees. Risks may arise from differences between expected and actual cash flows and/or liquidity levels of the borrowers, as well as the type of collateral securing these loans and the reliability of the conversion thereof to cash. Borrowers accessing SEN Leverage provide bitcoin or U.S. dollars as collateral in an amount greater than the line of credit eligible to be advanced. The Bank works with regulated digital currency exchanges and other indirect lenders, as the case may be, to both act as its collateral custodian for such loans, and to liquidate the collateral in the event of a decline in collateral coverage below levels required in the borrower’s loan agreement. At no time does the Bank directly hold the pledged bitcoin digital currency. The Bank sets collateral coverage ratios at levels intended to yield collateral liquidation proceeds in excess of the borrower’s loan amount, but the borrower remains obligated for the payment of any deficiency notwithstanding any change in the condition of the exchange, financial or otherwise. The outstanding balance of gross SEN Leverage loans was $335.9 million and $77.2 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Reverse mortgage and other. From 2012 to 2014, the Company purchased home equity conversion mortgage (“HECM”) loans (also known as reverse mortgage loans) which are a special type of home loan, for homeowners aged 62 years or older, that requires no monthly mortgage payments and allows the borrower to receive payments from the lender. Reverse mortgage loan insurance is provided by the U. S. Federal Housing Administration through the HECM program which protects lenders from losses due to non-repayment of the loans when the outstanding loan balance exceeds collateral value at the time the loan is required to be repaid. Other loans consist of consumer loans and loans secured by personal property. Mortgage warehouse. The Company’s mortgage warehouse lending division provides short-term interim funding primarily for single-family residential mortgage loans originated by mortgage bankers or other lenders. The Company holds legal title to such loans from the date they are funded by the Company until the loans are sold to secondary market investors pursuant to pre-existing take out commitments, generally within a few weeks of origination, with loan sale proceeds applied to pay down Company funding. The Company’s mortgage warehouse loans may either be held-for-investment or held-for-sale depending on the underlying contract. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, gross mortgage warehouse loans were approximately $1.1 billion and $963.9 million, respectively. A summary of loans as of the periods presented are as follows: December 31, 2021 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 105,098 $ 187,855 Multi-family 56,751 77,126 Commercial 210,136 301,901 Construction 7,573 6,272 Commercial and industrial 335,862 78,909 Reverse mortgage and other 1,410 1,495 Mortgage warehouse 177,115 97,903 Total gross loans held-for-investment 893,945 751,461 Deferred fees, net 275 2,206 Total loans held-for-investment 894,220 753,667 Allowance for loan losses (6,916) (6,916) Total loans held-for-investment, net $ 887,304 $ 746,751 Total loans held-for-sale (1) $ 893,194 $ 865,961 ________________________ (1) Loans held-for-sale are comprised entirely of mortgage warehouse loans for all periods presented At December 31, 2021 and 2020, approximately $381.0 million and $574.5 million, respectively, of the Company’s gross loans held-for-investment was collateralized by various forms of real estate, primarily located in California. Real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, approximately $335.9 million and $77.2 million, respectively, of the Company’s gross loans held-for-investment was collateralized primarily by bitcoin and U.S. dollars. The loan to value ratio of these loans fluctuates in relation to value of bitcoin held as collateral, which may be volatile and there is no assurance that customers will be able to timely provide additional collateral under these loans in a scenario where the value of the bitcoin drops precipitously. The Company monitors and manages concentrations of credit risk by making loans that are diversified by collateral type, placing limits on the amounts of various categories of loans relative to total Company capital, and conducting quarterly reviews of its portfolio by collateral type, geography, and other characteristics. Recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable due to immateriality. Accrued interest on loans held-for-investment totaled approximately $3.3 million and $2.7 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Allowance for Loan Losses The following tables present the allocation of the allowance for loan losses, as well as the activity in the allowance by loan class, and recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of and for the periods presented: Year Ended December 31, 2021 One-to Multi- Commercial Construction Commercial Reverse Mortgage Total (Dollars in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2020 $ 1,245 $ 878 $ 1,810 $ 590 $ 1,931 $ 39 $ 423 $ 6,916 Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Provision for loan losses (222) (196) 207 186 (365) (27) 417 — Balance, December 31, 2021 $ 1,023 $ 682 $ 2,017 $ 776 $ 1,566 $ 12 $ 840 $ 6,916 December 31, 2021 One-to Multi- Commercial Construction Commercial Reverse Mortgage Total (Dollars in thousands) Amount of allowance attributed to: Specifically evaluated impaired loans $ 29 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 29 General portfolio allocation 994 682 2,017 776 1,566 12 840 6,887 Total allowance for loan losses $ 1,023 $ 682 $ 2,017 $ 776 $ 1,566 $ 12 $ 840 $ 6,916 Loans evaluated for impairment: Specifically evaluated $ 4,229 $ — $ 1,956 $ — $ — $ 923 $ — $ 7,108 Collectively evaluated 101,609 56,855 208,170 7,502 335,362 499 177,115 887,112 Total loans held-for-investment $ 105,838 $ 56,855 $ 210,126 $ 7,502 $ 335,362 $ 1,422 $ 177,115 $ 894,220 Year Ended December 31, 2020 One-to Multi- Commercial Construction Commercial and Reverse Mortgage Total (Dollars in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2019 $ 2,051 $ 653 $ 2,791 $ 96 $ 312 $ 38 $ 250 $ 6,191 Charge-offs (17) — — — — — — (17) Recoveries — — — — — — — — Provision for loan losses (789) 225 (981) 494 1,619 1 173 742 Balance, December 31, 2020 $ 1,245 $ 878 $ 1,810 $ 590 $ 1,931 $ 39 $ 423 $ 6,916 December 31, 2020 One-to Multi- Commercial Construction Commercial Reverse Mortgage Total (Dollars in thousands) Amount of allowance attributed to: Specifically evaluated impaired loans $ 11 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 29 $ — $ 40 General portfolio allocation 1,234 878 1,810 590 1,931 10 423 6,876 Total allowance for loan losses $ 1,245 $ 878 $ 1,810 $ 590 $ 1,931 $ 39 $ 423 $ 6,916 Loans evaluated for impairment: Specifically evaluated $ 5,795 $ — $ 9,713 $ — $ 274 $ 879 $ — $ 16,661 Collectively evaluated 184,405 77,288 292,367 6,137 78,275 631 97,903 737,006 Total loans held-for-investment $ 190,200 $ 77,288 $ 302,080 $ 6,137 $ 78,549 $ 1,510 $ 97,903 $ 753,667 Impaired Loans The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s investment in impaired loans as of and for the year then ended: December 31, 2021 Unpaid Recorded Related Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 4,616 $ 3,927 $ — $ 5,719 $ 303 Commercial 1,955 1,956 — 7,906 477 Commercial and industrial — — — 182 15 Reverse mortgage and other 914 923 — 825 — 7,485 6,806 — 14,632 795 With an allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family 323 302 29 258 12 Reverse mortgage and other — — — 65 — 323 302 29 323 12 Total impaired loans $ 7,808 $ 7,108 $ 29 $ 14,955 $ 807 December 31, 2020 Unpaid Recorded Related Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 6,432 $ 5,730 $ — $ 3,748 $ 215 Commercial 9,723 9,713 — 4,620 522 Commercial and industrial 274 274 — 1,680 25 Reverse mortgage and other 523 531 — 516 — 16,952 16,248 — 10,564 762 With an allowance recorded: Real estate loans: One-to-four family 64 65 11 65 5 Reverse mortgage and other 346 348 29 342 — 410 413 40 407 5 Total impaired loans $ 17,362 $ 16,661 $ 40 $ 10,971 $ 767 For purposes of this disclosure, the unpaid principal balance is not reduced for partial charge-offs. Cash basis interest income is not materially different than interest income recognized. Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans Nonperforming loans include individually evaluated impaired loans, loans for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest. The following tables present by loan class the aging analysis based on contractual terms, nonaccrual loans, and the Company’s recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of the periods presented: December 31, 2021 30-59 60-89 Greater Total Current Total Nonaccruing Loans (Dollars in thousands) Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 1,176 $ — $ 2,985 $ 4,161 $ 101,677 $ 105,838 $ 3,080 $ — Multi-family — — — — 56,855 56,855 — — Commercial — — — — 210,126 210,126 — — Construction — — — — 7,502 7,502 — — Commercial and industrial — — — — 335,362 335,362 — — Reverse mortgage and other — — — — 1,422 1,422 923 — Mortgage warehouse — — — — 177,115 177,115 — — Total loans held-for-investment $ 1,176 $ — $ 2,985 $ 4,161 $ 890,059 $ 894,220 $ 4,003 $ — December 31, 2020 30-59 60-89 Greater Total Current Total Nonaccruing Loans (Dollars in thousands) Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 1,006 $ 26 $ 3,866 $ 4,898 $ 185,302 $ 190,200 $ 4,105 $ — Multi-family 206 — — 206 77,082 77,288 — — Commercial — — — — 302,080 302,080 — — Construction — — — — 6,137 6,137 — — Commercial and industrial — — — — 78,549 78,549 — — Reverse mortgage and other — — — — 1,510 1,510 879 — Mortgage warehouse — — — — 97,903 97,903 — — Total loans held-for-investment $ 1,212 $ 26 $ 3,866 $ 5,104 $ 748,563 $ 753,667 $ 4,984 $ — Troubled Debt Restructurings A loan is identified as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and, for economic or legal reasons related to these difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower in the restructuring that it would not otherwise consider. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. The Company has granted a concession when, as a result of the restructuring, it does not expect to collect all amounts due or within the time periods originally due under the original contract, including one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; or a temporary forbearance with regard to the payment of principal or interest. All troubled debt restructurings are reviewed for potential impairment. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that is restructured remains on nonaccrual status for a minimum period of six months to demonstrate that the borrower can perform under the restructured terms. If the borrower’s performance under the new terms is not reasonably assured, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan. Loans classified as TDRs are reported as impaired loans. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had a recorded investment in TDRs of $1.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The Company has allocated $29,000 of specific allowance for those loans at December 31, 2021 and $11,000 at December 31, 2020. The Company has not committed to advance additional amounts on the se TDRs. No loans were modified as TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2020 . Modifications of loans classified as TDRs during the periods presented, are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2021 Number of Pre- Post- (Dollars in thousands) Troubled debt restructurings: Real estate loans: One-to-four family 2 $ 547 $ 590 The TDR’s described above increased the allowance for loan losses by $19,000 and had no impact to charge-offs during the year ended December 31, 2021. A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms. There were no loans modified as TDRs for which there was a payment default within twelve months during the year ended December 31, 2021 or 2020. There was no provision for loan loss or charge offs for TDR’s that subsequently defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2021 or 2020. Credit Quality Indicators The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. This analysis typically includes larger, nonhomogeneous loans such as commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass : Loans in all classes that are not adversely rated, are contractually current as to principal and interest, and are otherwise in compliance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management believes that there is a low likelihood of loss related to those loans that are considered pass. Special mention : Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. Substandard : Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful : Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loss : Credits rated as loss are charged-off. Management has no expectation of the recovery of any payments in respect of credits rated as loss. The following tables present by portfolio class the Company’s internal risk grading system as well as certain other information concerning the credit quality of the Company’s recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of the periods presented. No assets were classified as loss or doubtful during the periods presented. Credit Risk Grades Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2021 Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 102,307 $ 451 $ 3,080 $ — $ 105,838 Multi-family 56,855 — — — 56,855 Commercial 199,598 10,528 — — 210,126 Construction 7,502 — — — 7,502 Commercial and industrial 335,362 — — — 335,362 Reverse mortgage and other 499 — 923 — 1,422 Mortgage warehouse 177,115 — — — 177,115 Total loans held-for-investment $ 879,238 $ 10,979 $ 4,003 $ — $ 894,220 Credit Risk Grades Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2020 Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ 182,760 $ 3,335 $ 4,105 $ — $ 190,200 Multi-family 77,288 — — — 77,288 Commercial 288,471 5,854 7,755 — 302,080 Construction 6,137 — — — 6,137 Commercial and industrial 78,275 — 274 — 78,549 Reverse mortgage and other 631 — 879 — 1,510 Mortgage warehouse 97,903 — — — 97,903 Total loans held-for-investment $ 731,465 $ 9,189 $ 13,013 $ — $ 753,667 Purchases and Sales The following table presents loans held-for-investment purchased and/or sold during the year by portfolio segment: December 31, 2021 2020 Purchases Sales Purchases Sales (Dollars in thousands) Real estate loans: One-to-four family $ — $ — $ 89,873 $ — Multi-family 1,040 — — — $ 1,040 $ — $ 89,873 $ — Related Party Loans The Company had related-party loans with an outstanding balance of $7.7 million and $5.0 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company advanced $5.3 million of related party loans and received $2.7 million in principal payments. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company advanced $0.5 million of related party loans and received $0.1 million in principal payments. |