The Audit Committee shall consist of at least three members appointed by the Board. The Board may replace members of the Audit Committee for any reason.
No member of the Audit Committee shall be an "interested person" of the Fund, as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, nor shall any member receive any compensation from the Fund except compensation for service as a member of the Fund’s Board of Directors ("Board") or a committee of the Board.
The Board shall determine annually whether any member of the Audit Committee is an "audit committee financial expert" as defined in Item 3 of Form N-CSR. Any Audit Committee member who has been designated as an “audit committee financial expert” shall not, as a result of such designation, have any responsibilities, duties, obligations or liabilities supplemental to those such member already has undertaken as a member of the Audit Committee. Likewise, the presence of a designated audit committee financial expert on the Audit Committee does not otherwise affect the responsibilities, duties, obligations or liabilities of any other member of the Audit Committee. The designation of any member as an audit committee financial expert shall not make such person an expert for any purpose, including without limitation under Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 or under applicable fiduciary laws. The designation by the Board of any person as an audit committee financial expert is solely disclosure-based and made for purposes of complying with Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
to oversee the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Fund and each of its series and its internal control over financial reporting and, as the Committee deems appropriate, to inquire into the internal control over financial reporting of certain third-party service providers;
to oversee, or, as appropriate, assist Board oversight of, the quality and integrity of the Fund’s financial statements and the independent audit thereof;
to oversee, or, as appropriate, assist Board oversight of, the Fund’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting, internal control over financial reporting and independent audits;
to approve prior to appointment the engagement of the Fund’s independent auditors and, in connection therewith, to review and evaluate the qualifications, independence and performance of the Fund’s independent auditors; and
to act as a liaison between the Fund’s independent auditors and the full Board.
The independent auditors for the Fund shall report directly to the Audit Committee.
III.
Duties and Powers of the Audit Committee
To carry out its purposes, the Audit Committee shall have the following duties and powers:
(a)
to approve prior to appointment the engagement of auditors to annually audit and provide their opinion on the Fund’s financial statements, to recommend to those Board members who are not "interested persons" (as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act) the selection, retention or termination of the Fund’s independent auditors and, in connection therewith, to review and evaluate matters potentially affecting the independence and capabilities of the auditors;
(b)
to approve prior to appointment the engagement of the auditor to provide other audit services to the Fund or to provide non-audit services to the Fund, its investment adviser or any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment adviser ("adviser affiliate") that provides ongoing services to the Fund, if the engagement relates directly to the operations and financial reporting of the Fund;
(c)
to develop, to the extent deemed appropriate by the Audit Committee, policies and procedures for pre-approval of the engagement of the Fund’s auditors to provide any of the services described in (b) above;
(d)
to consider the controls applied by the auditors and any measures taken by management in an effort to assure that all items requiring preapproval by the Audit Committee are identified and referred to the Committee in a timely fashion;
(e)
to consider whether the non-audit services provided by the Fund’s auditor to the Fund’s investment adviser or any adviser affiliate that provides ongoing services to the Fund, which services were not preapproved by the Audit Committee, are compatible with maintaining the auditor's independence;
(f)
to review the arrangements for and scope of the annual audit and any special audits;
(g)
to review and approve the fees proposed to be charged to the Fund by the auditors for each audit and non-audit service;
(h)
to consider information and comments from the auditors with respect to the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting policies, procedures and internal control over financial reporting (including the Fund’s critical accounting policies and practices), to consider management's responses to any such comments and, to the extent the Audit Committee deems necessary or appropriate, to promote improvements in the quality of the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting;
(i)
to consider information and comments from the auditors with respect to, and meet with the auditors to discuss any matters of concern relating to, the Fund’s financial statements, including any adjustments to such statements recommended by the auditors, and to review the auditors' opinion on the Fund’s financial statements;
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(j)
to resolve disagreements between management and the auditors regarding financial reporting;
(k)
to consider any reports of difficulties that may have arisen in the course of the audit, including any limitations on the scope of the audit, and management's response thereto;
(l)
to review with the Fund’s principal executive officer and/or principal financial officer in connection with required certifications on Form N-CSR any significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting or material weaknesses therein and any reported evidence of fraud involving management or other employees who have a significant role in the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting;
(m)
to establish procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Fund relating to accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters, and the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of the Fund, its investment advisers, administrator, principal underwriter, or any other provider of accounting related services for the Fund of concerns about accounting or auditing matters, and to address reports from attorneys or auditors of possible violations of federal or state law or fiduciary duty;
(n)
to investigate or initiate an investigation of reports of improprieties or suspected improprieties in connection with the Fund’s accounting or financial reporting;
(o)
to report its activities to the full Board on a regular basis and to make such recommendations with respect to the above and other matters as the Audit Committee may deem necessary or appropriate; and
(p)
to perform such other functions and to have such powers as may be necessary or appropriate in the efficient and lawful discharge of the powers provided in this Charter.
The Audit Committee shall have the resources and authority appropriate to discharge its responsibilities, including appropriate funding, as determined by the Committee, for payment of compensation to the auditors for the purpose of conducting the audit and rendering their audit report, the authority to retain and compensate special counsel and other experts or consultants as the Committee deems necessary, and the authority to obtain specialized training for Audit Committee members, at the expense of the Fund or series, as appropriate.
The Audit Committee may delegate any portion of its authority, including the authority to grant pre-approvals of audit and permitted non-audit services, to a subcommittee of one or more members. Any decisions of the subcommittee to grant pre-approvals shall be presented to the full Audit Committee at its next regularly scheduled meeting.
IV.
Role and Responsibilities of the Audit Committee
The function of the Audit Committee is oversight; it is management's responsibility to maintain appropriate systems for accounting and internal control over financial reporting, and the auditor's responsibility to plan and carry out a proper audit. Specifically, Fund’s management is responsible for: (1) the preparation, presentation and integrity of the Fund’s financial statements; (2) the maintenance of appropriate accounting and financial reporting principles and policies;
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and (3) the maintenance of internal control over financial reporting and other procedures designed to assure compliance with accounting standards and related laws and regulations. The independent auditors are responsible for planning and carrying out an audit consistent with applicable legal and professional standards and the terms of their engagement letter. Nothing in this Charter shall be construed to reduce the responsibilities or liabilities of the Fund’s service providers, including the auditors.
Although the Audit Committee is expected to take a detached and questioning approach to the matters that come before it, the review of a Fund's financial statements by the Audit Committee is not an audit, nor does the Committee's review substitute for the responsibilities of the Fund’s management for preparing, or the independent auditors for auditing, the financial statements. Members of the Audit Committee are not full-time employees of the Fund and, in serving on this Committee, are not, and do not hold themselves out to be, acting as accountants or auditors. As such, it is not the duty or responsibility of the Committee or its members to conduct "field work" or other types of auditing or accounting reviews or procedures.
In discharging their duties the members of the Audit Committee are entitled to rely on information, opinions, reports, or statements, including financial statements and other financial data, if prepared or presented by: (1) one or more officers of the Fund whom the director reasonably believes to be reliable and competent in the matters presented; (2) legal counsel, public accountants, or other persons as to matters the director reasonably believes are within the person's professional or expert competence; or (3) a Board committee of which the director is not a member.
V.
Operations of the Audit Committee
(a)
The Audit Committee shall meet on a regular basis but at least annually and is empowered to hold special meetings as circumstances require. The chair or a majority of the members shall be authorized to call a meeting of the Audit Committee and send notice thereof.
(b)
The Audit Committee shall ordinarily meet in person; however, members may attend telephonically, and the Committee may act by written consent, to the extent permitted by law and by the Fund’s bylaws.
(c)
The Audit Committee shall have the authority to meet privately and to admit non-members individually by invitation.
(d)
The Audit Committee shall regularly meet, in separate executive sessions, with representatives of Fund management, and the Fund’s independent auditors. The Committee may also request to meet with internal legal counsel and compliance personnel of the Fund’s investment adviser and with entities that provide significant accounting or administrative services to the Fund to discuss matters relating to the Fund’s accounting and compliance as well as other Fund-related matters.
(e)
The Audit Committee shall prepare and retain minutes of its meetings and appropriate documentation of decisions made outside of meetings by delegated authority.
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(f)
The Audit Committee may select one of its members to be the chair and may select a vice chair.
(g)
A majority of the members of the Audit Committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Committee. The action of a majority of the members of the Audit Committee present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the action of the Committee.
(h)
The Board shall adopt and approve this Charter and may amend it on the Board's own motion. The Audit Committee shall review this Charter at least annually and recommend to the full Board any changes the Committee deems appropriate.
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EXHIBIT 3
AUDIT COMMITTEE PRE-APPROVAL POLICIES
| | | | |
Service Category | Service Category Description | Specific Pre-Approved Service Subcategories | Audit Committee Approval Policy | Audit Committee Reporting Policy |
1. Audit Services | Services that are directly related to performing the independent audit of the Fund | · Accounting research assistance · SEC consultation, registration statements, and reporting · Tax accrual related matters · Implementation of new accounting standards · Compliance letters (e.g., rating agency letters) · Regulatory reviews and interpretive assistance regarding financial matters · Semi-annual report reviews (if requested) · Attest and agreed upon procedures required by statute · Irish resident custody certification | “One-time” pre-approval for the audit period for all pre-approved specific service subcategories. Approval of the independent auditors as auditors for the Fund shall constitute pre-approval for these services. | A summary of all such services and related fees reported at each regularly scheduled Audit Committee meeting. |
2. Audit-Related Services | Services which are not prohibited under Rule 2-01(C)(4) (the “Rule”) and are related extensions of the audit services, support the audit, or use the knowledge/expertise gained from the audit procedures as a foundation to complete the project. In most cases, if the Audit-Related Services are not performed by the Audit firm, the scope of the Audit Services would likely increase. The Services are typically well-defined and governed by accounting professional standards (AICPA, SEC, etc.) | · AICPA attest and agreed-upon procedures · Attest or agreed-upon procedures not required by statute or SEC or accounting regulations · Technology control assessments · Financial reporting control assessments · Enterprise security architecture assessment · Advice to Fund management as to accounting or disclosure treatment of transactions or events · [Advice to management as to accounting or disclosure treatment, or actual or potential impact of final or | “One-time” pre-approval for the Fund fiscal year within a specified dollar limit ($25,000 in the aggregate for all pre-approved specific service subcategories).
Specific approval is needed to exceed the pre-approved dollar limit for these services (see general Audit Committee approval policy below for details on obtaining specific approvals).
Specific approval | A summary of all such services and related fees (including comparison to specified dollar limits) reported quarterly. |
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| | | | |
Service Category | Service Category Description | Specific Pre-Approved Service Subcategories | Audit Committee Approval Policy | Audit Committee Reporting Policy |
| | proposed rules, standards or interpretations of the SEC, FASB or other regulatory or standard setting bodies] | “One-time” pre-approval for the Fund fiscal year within a specified dollar limit ($25,000 in the aggregate for all pre-approved specific service subcategories).
is needed to use the Fund’s auditors for Audit-Related Services not denoted as “pre-approved” to the left, or to add a specific service subcategory as “pre-approved.” | |
3. Tax Services | Tax services which are not prohibited by the Rule, if an officer of the Fund determines that using the Fund’s auditor to provide these services creates significant synergy in the form of efficiency, minimized disruption, or the ability to maintain a desired level of confidentiality. | · Tax planning and support · Tax controversy assistance · Tax compliance, tax returns, excise tax returns and support · Tax opinions · Tax analysis regarding possible proposals for fund liquidations or reorganizations · Tax analysis relating to particular types of securities or corporate action events · Tax services relating to RIC qualification, member reporting, information reporting, determining distributable income and gain, tax elections · Tax services related to addition of new funds (i.e., start up issues, initial diversification and related matters) | “One-time” pre-approval for the Fund fiscal year within a specified dollar limit ($25,000 in the aggregate for all pre-approved specific service subcategories).
Specific approval is needed to exceed the pre-approved dollar limits for these services (see general Audit Committee approval policy below for details on obtaining specific approvals).
Specific approval is needed to use the Fund’s auditors for tax services not denoted as pre-approved to the left, or to add a specific service subcategory as “pre-approved.” | A summary of all such services and related fees (including comparison to specified dollar limits) reported quarterly. |
4. Other Services | Other services which are not prohibited by the Rule, if an officer of the Fund | · Business Risk Management support · Other control and | “One-time” pre-approval for the fund fiscal year | A summary of all such services and related fees |
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| | | | |
Service Category | Service Category Description | Specific Pre-Approved Service Subcategories | Audit Committee Approval Policy | Audit Committee Reporting Policy |
| determines that using the Fund’s auditor to provide these services creates significant synergy in the form of efficiency, minimized disruption, the ability to maintain a desired level of confidentiality, or where the Fund’s auditors possess unique or superior qualifications to provide these services, resulting in superior value and results for the Fund. | regulatory compliance projects, including Rule 17f-2 “self-custody” verification for the Fund | within a specified dollar limit ($25,000 in the aggregate for all pre-approved specific service subcategories).
Specific approval is needed to exceed the pre-approved dollar limits for these services (see general Audit Committee approval policy below for details on obtaining specific approvals).
Specific approval is needed to use the Fund’s auditors for “Synergistic” or “Unique Qualifications” or Other Services not denoted as pre-approved to the left, or to add a specific service subcategory as “pre-approved.” | (including comparison to specified dollar limits) reported quarterly. |
| | | | |
Service Category | Service Category Description | Specific Prohibited Service Subcategories | Audit Committee Approval Policy | Audit Committee Reporting Policy |
Prohibited Services | Services which result in the auditors losing independence status under the Rule. | 1. Bookkeeping or other services related to the accounting records or financial statements of the audit client* 2. Financial information | These services arenot to be performed with the exception of the (*) services (subcategories 1 | A summary of all services and related fees reported at each regularly scheduled Audit |
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| | | | |
Service Category | Service Category Description | Specific Prohibited Service Subcategories | Audit Committee Approval Policy | Audit Committee Reporting Policy |
| | systems design and implementation* 3. Appraisal or valuation services, fairness* opinions, or contribution-in-kind reports 4. Actuarial services (i.e., setting actuarial reserves versus actuarial audit work)* 5. Internal audit outsourcing services* 6. Management functions or human resources 7. Broker or dealer, investment advisor, or investment banking services 8. Legal services and expert services unrelated to the audit 9. Any other service that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board determines, by regulation, is impermissible | through 5 on the left) that may be permitted if they would not be subject to audit procedures at the audit client (as defined in Rule 2-01(f)(4)) level by the firm providing the service. | Committee meeting will serve as continual confirmation that has not provided any restricted services. |
General Audit Committee Approval Policy:
·
For all projects, the officers of the Fund and the Fund’s auditors will each make an assessment to determine that any proposed projects will not impair independence.
·
Potential services will be classified into the four non-restricted service categories and the “Approval of Audit, Audit-Related, Tax and Other Services” Policy above will be applied. Any services outside the specific pre-approved service subcategories set forth above must be specifically approved by the Audit Committee.
At least quarterly, the Audit Committee shall review a report summarizing the services by service category, including fees, provided by the Audit firm as set forth in the above policy.
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