Stock-based Compensation | 6. Stock-based Compensation On March 28, 2022, Marc DeBevoise began as the Company’s CEO. Effective February 8, 2022, the Company adopted the 2022 Inducement Plan (“2022 Plan”). The 2022 Plan provides for the grant of “employment inducement awards” within the meaning of NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c)(4). In connection with the commencement of his employment, the Company granted 800,000 restricted stock units to the CEO under the 2022 Plan, of which 300,000 are subject solely to service-based vesting conditions (the “RSUs”) and 500,000 are subject to both market-based and service-based vesting conditions (the “PSUs”). The RSUs vest in equal annual installments over three years following March 28, 2022. The market-based vesting conditions applicable to the PSUs are achieved only if the volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock during any 20 consecutive trading day period in the four year performance period following the CEO’s start date, March 28, 2022, equals or exceeds stock price hurdles ranging from $ 12.50 to $ 30.00 , increasing in seven increments of $ 2.50 . The percentage of the award that is earned upon achievement of each stock price hurdle is 10 % of the PSUs for each of the first two achievement tiers, 12.5 % for each of the next four achievement tiers and 15 % for each of the final two achievement tiers. The PSUs vest 50 % upon achievement of a stock price hurdle and 50 % upon the earlier of the one-year anniversary of such achievement date or March 28, 2025, subject to the CEO’s continued employment through the applicable vesting date. For restricted stock units with market-based performance conditions, the cost of the awards is recognized as the requisite service is rendered by the employee, regardless of when, if ever, the market-based performance conditions are satisfied. The Monte-Carlo simulation model is used to estimate fair value of market-based performance restricted stock units. The Monte-Carlo simulation model calculates multiple potential outcomes for an award and establishes a fair value based on the most likely outcome. Key assumptions for the Monte-Carlo simulation model include the risk-free rate, expected volatility, expected dividends and the correlation coefficient. The weighted-average assumptions utilized to determine the weighted-average fair value of options are presented in the following table: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 Weighted-average fair value of options granted during the period $ — $ 7.51 Risk-free interest rate — 1.16 % Expected volatility — 48 % Expected life (in years) — 6.2 Expected dividend yield — — As of September 30, 2022, there was $ 34.5 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock-based awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.57 years. The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense as included in the consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 (in thousands) Stock-based compensation: Cost of subscription and support revenue $ 132 $ 157 $ 385 $ 501 Cost of professional services and other revenue 76 113 334 299 Research and development 378 408 2,035 1,261 Sales and marketing 1,015 583 2,857 2,082 General and administrative 1,245 1,072 4,109 3,091 Other expense (benefit) - — 249 0 $ 2,846 $ 2,333 $ 9,969 $ 7,234 The following is a summary of the stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Number of Weighted-Average Weighted-Average (In Years) Aggregate Outstanding at December 31, 2021 1,681,477 $ 9.59 Granted — — Exercised ( 22,650 ) 6.25 $ 37,545 Canceled ( 196,291 ) 11.32 Outstanding at September 30, 2022 1,462,536 $ 9.39 5.06 $ 75,429 Exercisable at September 30, 2022 1,316,567 $ 9.08 4.73 $ 75,429 (1) The aggregate intrinsic value was calculated based on the positive difference between the fair value of the Company’s common stock on September 30, 2022 of $ 6.30 per share, or the date of exercise, as appropriate, and the exercise price of the underlying options. The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity for our service-based awards (“S-RSU”) and our performance-based awards (“P-RSU”) during the nine months ended September 30, 2022: S-RSU Shares Weighted Grant Fair Value P-RSU Shares Weighted Grant Fair Value Total RSU Shares Weighted Grant Fair Value Unvested at December 31, 2021 2,915,720 $ 11.66 1,021,172 $ 11.04 3,936,892 $ 11.50 Granted 3,292,536 7.20 500,000 8.11 3,792,536 7.32 Vested and issued ( 573,704 ) 11.91 — — ( 573,704 ) 11.91 Canceled ( 1,107,609 ) 10.20 ( 343,176 ) 13.04 ( 1,450,785 ) 10.87 Unvested at September 30, 2022 4,526,943 $ 8.74 1,177,996 $ 9.22 5,704,939 $ 8.84 |