Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the application of certain significant accounting policies as described below and elsewhere in these notes to the consolidated financial statements. The Company believes that a significant accounting policy is one that is both important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results, and requires management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as the result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative United States generally accepted accounting principles as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) and Accounting Standards Update (ASU) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Use of Estimates and Uncertainties The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts expensed during the reporting period. Significant estimates relied upon in preparing these consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition and variable consideration, contingent liabilities, intangible asset valuations, and the realizability of the Company’s deferred tax assets. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from management’s estimates if these results differ from historical experience, or other assumptions do not turn out to be substantially accurate, even if such assumptions are reasonable when made. The Company is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties common to companies in similar industries and stages of development including, but not limited to, rapid technological changes, competition from substitute products and services from larger companies, customers switching to in-house solutions, customer concentration, management of international activities, protection of proprietary rights, patent litigation, and dependence on key individuals. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Foreign Currency Translation The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the local currency of each subsidiary. All assets and liabilities in the balance sheets of entities whose functional currency is a currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollar equivalents at exchange rates as follows: (1) asset and liability accounts at period-end rates, (2) income statement accounts at weighted-average exchange rates for the period, and (3) stockholders’ equity accounts at historical exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are excluded from income (loss) and reflected as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in net loss for the period. The Company may periodically have certain intercompany foreign currency transactions that are deemed to be of a long-term investment nature; exchange adjustments related to those transactions are made directly to other comprehensive loss, a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Management determines the appropriate classification of investments at the time of purchase, and re-evaluates such determination at each balance sheet date. The Company did no t have any short-term or long-term investments at December 31, 2022 or 2021. Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash on deposit with banks and amounts held in interest-bearing money market accounts. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates their fair market value. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related asset. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of, and the related accumulated depreciation, are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is included in the determination of net income or loss in the period of retirement. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, whereas major improvements are capitalized as additions to property and equipment. The Company estimates the useful life of property and equipment as follows: Estimated Useful Life Computer equipment 3 Software 3 - 6 Furniture and fixtures 5 Leasehold improvements Shorter of lease term or the estimated useful life Fair Value of Financial Instruments ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures , establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. ASC 820 identifies fair value as an exit price, representing the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants based on the highest and best use of the asset or liability. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The Company uses valuation techniques to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized as follows: • Level 1: Observable inputs, such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; • Level 2: Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, or market-corroborated inputs; and • Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions about how market participants would price the assets or liabilities. The valuation techniques that may be used to measure fair value are as follows: A. Market approach — Uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. B. Income approach — Uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on current market expectations about those future amounts, including present value techniques, option-pricing models, and excess earnings method. C. Cost approach — Based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). The Company measures eligible assets and liabilities at fair value, with changes in value recognized in earnings. Fair value treatment may be elected either upon initial recognition of an eligible asset or liability or, for an existing asset or liability, if an event triggers a new basis of accounting. The Company did not elect to remeasure any of its existing financial assets or liabilities, and did not elect the fair value option for any financial assets and liabilities transacted in the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021. Realized gains and losses from sales of the Company’s investments are included in “Other (expense) income, net”. The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, which include cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses, approximated their fair values at December 31, 2022 and 2021, due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company has evaluated the estimated fair value of financial instruments using available market information and management’s estimates. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies could have a significant impact on the estimated fair value amounts. The Company’s financial instruments carried at fair value were less than $ 100 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 . Revenue ASC 606 outlines a comprehensive five-step revenue recognition model based on the principle that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. 1) Identify the contract with a customer 2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract 3) Determine the transaction price 4) Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract 5) Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation The Company satisfies performance obligations as discussed in further detail below. Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised service to a customer. The transaction price is the total amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised services to the customer. The Company has elected to exclude from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by the Company from a customer (e.g. sales and use tax). Disaggregation of Revenue Subscription and Support The Company’s subscription arrangements provide customers the right to access its hosted software applications. Customers do not have the right to take possession of the Company’s software during the hosting arrangement. Contracts for premium customers generally have a term of one year and are non-cancellable. These contracts generally provide the customer with a maximum annual level of entitlement, and provide the rate at which the customer pays for actual usage above the annual entitlement allowance. These subscription arrangements are considered stand ready obligations that are providing a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are transferred with the same pattern to the customer. As such, these subscription arrangements are treated as a single performance obligation and the related fees are recognized as revenue ratably over the term of the underlying arrangement. When the transaction price includes a variable amount of consideration, an entity is required to estimate the consideration that is expected to be received for a particular customer arrangement. The Company evaluates variable consideration for usage-based fees at contract inception and re-evaluates quarterly over the course of the contract. Specifically, the Company estimates the revenue pertaining to a customer’s usage that is expected to exceed the annual entitlement allowance and allocates such revenue to the distinct service within the related contract that gives rise to the variable payment. Estimates of variable consideration include analyzing customer usage against the applicable entitlement limit at the end of each reporting period and estimating the amount and timing of additional amounts to be invoiced in connection with projected usage. Estimates of variable consideration relating to customer usage do not include amounts for which it is probable that a significant reversal will occur. Determining the amount of variable consideration to recognize as revenue involves significant judgment on the part of management and it is possible that actual revenue will deviate from estimates over the course of a customer’s committed contract term. Contracts with customers that are month-to-month arrangements (volume customers) have a maximum monthly level of usage and provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the monthly allowable usage. The monthly volume subscription and support and usage fees are recognized as revenue during the related period of performance. Contracts with customers that are invoiced on a pay-as-you-go basis, where there is no monthly or annual commitment for usage, provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage for a particular period. Fees that are invoiced on a pay-as-you-go basis are recognized as revenue during the period of performance. Professional Services and Other Revenue Professional services and other revenue consist of services such as implementation, software customizations and project management for customers who subscribe to our premium editions. These arrangements are priced either on a fixed fee basis with a portion due upon contract signing and the remainder due when the related services have been completed, or on a time and materials basis. Professional services and other revenue sold on a stand-alone basis are recognized as the services are performed, subject to any refund or other obligation. Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations The Company periodically enters into multiple-element service arrangements that include platform subscription fees, support fees, and, in certain cases, other professional services. These contracts include multiple promises that the Company evaluates to determine if the promises are separate performance obligations. Performance obligations are identified based on services to be transferred to a customer that are both capable of being distinct and are distinct within the context of the contract. Once the Company determines the performance obligations, the Company determines the transaction price, which includes estimating the amount of variable consideration to be included in the transaction price, if any. The Company then allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract based on a relative stand-alone selling price method. The transaction price post allocation is recognized as revenue as the related performance obligation is satisfied. Costs to Obtain a Contract Commissions are paid to internal sales representatives as compensation for obtaining contracts. Under the new guidance, the Company capitalizes commissions that are incremental, as a result of costs incurred to obtain a customer contract, if those costs are not within the scope of another topic within the accounting literature and meet the specified criteria. Assets recognized for costs to obtain a contract are amortized over the period of performance for the underlying customer contracts. The commission expense on contracts with new customers is recorded over the average life of a customer given the commission amount associated with sales to new customers is not commensurate with the commission amount associated with the contract renewal for those same customers. The commission amount associated with the renewal of a contract in addition to any commission amount related to incremental sales are recorded as expense over the term of the renewed contract. These assets are periodically assessed for impairment. Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue primarily consists of costs related to supporting and hosting the Company’s product offerings and delivering professional services. These costs include salaries, benefits, incentive compensation and stock-based compensation expense related to the management of the Company’s data centers, customer support team and the Company’s professional services staff, in addition to third-party service provider costs such as data center and networking expenses, allocated overhead, amortization of capitalized internal-use software development costs and intangible assets and depreciation expense. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company offsets gross trade accounts receivable with an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable and is based upon historical loss patterns, the number of days that billings are past due, and an evaluation of the potential risk of loss associated with specific accounts. Account balances are charged against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Provisions for allowances for doubtful accounts are recorded in general and administrative expense. Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASC 326, which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. Estimating credit losses based on risk characteristics requires significant judgment by the Company. Significant judgments include, but are not limited to: assessing current economic conditions and the extent to which they would be relevant to the existing characteristics of the Company’s financial assets, the estimated life of financial assets, and the level of reliance on historical experience in light of economic conditions. The Company reviews and updates, when necessary, its historical risk characteristics that are meaningful to estimating credit losses, any new risk characteristics that arise in the natural course of business, and the estimated life of its financial assets. The Company uses the aging method to estimate its expected credit losses on trade accounts receivable (“AR”) and unbilled trade accounts receivable (“UAR”). As of December 31, 2022, the financial assets of the Company within the scope of the assessment comprised AR and UAR. UAR is reflected in Other current assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and was $ 1.8 million and $ 2.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Estimated credit losses for UAR were not material. The information obtained from assessing historical experience, current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts were used to identify risk characteristics that can affect future credit loss experience. The historical analysis yielded one material risk factor, the geographical location of the customer. Specifically, historical experience showed that AR that was due from customers in the Asia Pacific region had experienced more credit losses than the other geographic areas listed in Note 15. Europe and Japan had significantly less credit loss experience when compared to Asia Pacific while North America’s credit loss experience was commensurate with the proportion of total AR that North America’s AR comprised. There were no other significant risk characteristics identified in the review of historical experience. Below is a summary of the changes in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020: Balance at Beginning of Period Provision Write-offs Balance at End of Period Year ended December 31, 2022 $ 353 $ 118 $ ( 177 ) $ 294 Year ended December 31, 2021 648 159 ( 454 ) 353 Year ended December 31, 2020 904 648 ( 904 ) 648 Off-Balance Sheet Risk and Concentration of Credit Risk The Company has no significant off-balance sheet risk, such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts, or other foreign hedging arrangements. Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents principally with accredited financial institutions of high credit standing. Although the Company deposits its cash with multiple financial institutions, its deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company generally has not experienced any material losses related to receivables from individual customers, or groups of customers. The Company does not require collateral. Due to these factors, no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection losses is believed by management to be probable in the Company’s accounts receivable. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, no individual customer accounted for more than 10 % of total revenue. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 , no individual customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable, net. Concentration of Other Risks The Company is dependent on certain content delivery network providers who provide digital media delivery functionality enabling the Company’s on-demand application service to function as intended for the Company’s customers and ultimate end-users. The disruption of these services could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, and results of operations. Software Development Costs Costs incurred to develop software applications used in the Company’s on-demand application services consist of (a) certain external direct costs of materials and services incurred in developing or obtaining internal-use computer software, and (b) payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associated with, and who devote time to, the project. These costs generally consist of internal labor during configuration, coding, and testing activities. Research and development costs incurred during the preliminary project stage or costs incurred for data conversion activities, training, maintenance and general and administrative or overhead costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalization begins when the preliminary project stage is complete, management, with the relevant authority, authorizes and commits to the funding of the software project, it is probable the project will be completed, the software will be used to perform the functions intended and certain functional and quality standards have been met. Qualified costs incurred during the operating stage of the Company’s software applications relating to upgrades and enhancements are capitalized to the extent it is probable that they will result in added functionality, while costs that cannot be separated between maintenance of, and minor upgrades and enhancements to, internal-use software are expensed as incurred. These capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected useful life of the software, which is estimated to be three years . Capitalized internal-use software development costs are classified as “Software” within “Property and Equipment, net” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company capitalized $ 15.5 million, $ 7.7 million, and $ 6.7 million, respectively, of internal-use software development costs. The Company recorded amortization expense associated with its capitalized internal-use software development costs of $ 5.2 million, $ 3.6 million and $ 4.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Leases Under ASC 842, a right-of-use asset and lease liability is recorded for all leases and the statement of operations reflects the lease expense for operating leases and amortization/interest expense for financing leases. The Company does not apply the recognition requirements in the standard to a lease that at commencement date has a lease term of twelve months or less and does not contain a purchase option that it is reasonably certain to exercise and to not separate lease and related non-lease components. The Company leases its facilities under non-cancelable operating leases. Right-of-use assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Many of the Company’s lessee agreements include options to extend the lease, which are not included in the minimum lease terms unless they are reasonably certain to be exercised. Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. During this review, the Company re-evaluates the significant assumptions used in determining the original cost and estimated lives of long-lived assets. Although the assumptions may vary from asset to asset, they generally include operating results, changes in the use of the asset, cash flows, and other indicators of value. Management then determines whether the remaining useful life continues to be appropriate, or whether there has been an impairment of long-lived assets based primarily upon whether expected future undiscounted cash flows are sufficient to support the assets’ recovery. If impairment exists, the Company adjusts the carrying value of the asset to fair value, generally determined by a discounted cash flow analysis. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company has not identified any impairment of its long-lived assets. Business Combinations The Company records tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations under the purchase method of accounting. Amounts paid for each acquisition are allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company then allocates the purchase price in excess of net tangible assets acquired to identifiable intangible assets based on detailed valuations that use information and assumptions provided by management. Any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed is allocated to goodwill. If the fair value of the assets acquired exceeds the purchase price, the excess is recognized as a gain. Significant management judgments and assumptions are required in determining the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities, particularly acquired intangible assets. The valuation of purchased intangible assets is based upon estimates of the future performance and cash flows from the acquired business. Each asset is measured at fair value from the perspective of a market participant. If different assumptions are used, it could materially impact the purchase price allocation and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. For further discussion of the Company’s accounting policies related to business combinations, see Note 3. Intangible Assets and Goodwill Intangible assets that have finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives based on the pattern of consumption of the economic benefit or, if that pattern cannot be readily determined, on a straight-line basis and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, as discussed above. Goodwill is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Conditions that could trigger a more frequent impairment assessment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in certain agreements, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, an economic downturn in customers’ industries, increased competition, a significant reduction in our stock price for a sustained period or a reduction of our market capitalization relative to net book value. If there is an impairment, the amount of the impairment is on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value. The Company has determined, based on its organizational structure, that it had one reporting unit as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 . The Company evaluates impairment by comparing the estimated fair value of its reporting unit to its carrying value. The Company estimates fair value primarily utilizing the market approach and no impairments of goodwill have been identified. Comprehensive (Loss) Income Comprehensive (loss) income is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions, other events, and circumstances from non-owner sources. Accumulated other comprehensive loss is presented separately on the consolidated balance sheets and consists entirely of cumulative foreign translation adjustments as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 . Net (Loss) Income per Share The Company calculates basic and diluted (loss) earnings per common share by dividing the (loss) earnings amount by the number of common shares outstanding during the period. The calculation of diluted earnings per common share includes the effects of the assumed exercise of any outstanding stock options and the assumed vesting of shares of restricted stock awards, where dilutive. The following table set forth the computations of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands, except per share data) 2022 2021 2020 Net (loss) income $ ( 9,015 ) $ 5,397 $ ( 5,813 ) Weighted average shares used in computing basic earnings per share 41,831 40,717 39,473 Effect of weighted average dilutive stock-based awards - 1,483 - Weighted average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share 41,831 42,200 39,473 Net (loss) income per share—basic and diluted Basic $ ( 0.22 ) $ 0.13 $ ( 0.15 ) Diluted $ ( 0.22 ) $ 0.13 $ ( 0.15 ) The following outstanding common shares have been excluded from the computation of dilutive (loss) earnings per share as of the periods indicated because such securities are anti-dilutive: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Options outstanding 1,420 1,681 2,110 Restricted stock units outstanding 5,212 3,937 3,588 Total options and restricted stock units outstanding 6,632 5,618 5,698 Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using statutory rates. In addition, this method requires a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions recognized in the consolidated financial statements by prescribing a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Interest and penalties, if applicable, related to uncertain tax positions would be recognized as a component of income tax expense. The Company has no recorded liabilities for uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2022 or 2021 . Stock-Based Compensation At December 31, 2022 , the Company had seven stock-based compensation plans, which are more fully described in Note 11. The Company values its shares of common stock in connection with the issuance of stock-based equity awards using the closing price of the Company’s shares of common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market on the date of the grant. Accounting guidance requires stock-based payments to be accounted for under the fair value method. Under this method, the Company is required to record compensation cost based on the estimated |