Stock-based Compensation | 6. Stock-based Compensation In 2022, the Company adopted the 2022 Inducement Plan (“2022 Plan”). The 2022 Plan provides for the grant of “employment inducement awards” within the meaning of NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c)(4). In connection with the commencement of his employment, the Company granted 800,000 restricted stock units to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer under the 2022 Plan, of which 300,000 are subject solely to service-based vesting conditions (the “RSUs”) and 500,000 are subject to both market-based and service-based vesting conditions (the “PSUs”). The RSUs vest in equal annual installments over three years following March 28, 2022. For restricted stock units with market-based performance conditions, the cost of the awards is recognized as the requisite service is rendered by the employee, regardless of when, if ever, the market-based performance conditions are satisfied. The Monte-Carlo simulation model is used to estimate fair value of market-based performance restricted stock units. The Monte-Carlo simulation model calculates multiple potential outcomes for an award and establishes a fair value based on the most likely outcome. Key assumptions for the Monte-Carlo simulation model include the risk-free rate, expected volatility, expected dividends and the correlation coefficient. On March 20, 2023, the Company granted 1,563,688 premium-priced options to some of its employees under its 2021 Stock Incentive Plan. The options have a strike price of $ 7.00 and vest in equal installments over three years following March 10, 2023. The binomial lattice model is used to estimate the fair value of the premium-priced options. The binomial lattice model calculates multiple potential outcomes for option exercises and establishes a fair value based on the most likely outcome. Key assumptions for the binomial lattice model include share price, volatility, the early exercise multiple, risk-free rate, expected dividends, and number of time steps. The weighted-average assumptions utilized to determine the weighted-average fair value of options are presented in the following table: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Weighted-average fair value of options granted during the period $ — $ 1.75 $ — $ 1.75 Risk-free interest rate — 3.4 - 4.8 % — 3.4 - 4.8 % Expected volatility — 47.9 - 55.5 % — 47.9 - 55.5 % Expected dividend yield — — — — As of June 30, 2024, there was $ 22.6 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock-based awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.27 years. The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense as included in the consolidated statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 (in thousands) Stock-based compensation: Cost of subscription and support revenue $ 122 $ 129 $ 228 $ 267 Cost of professional services and other revenue 71 92 111 192 Research and development 476 551 791 1,239 Sales and marketing 1,183 931 1,537 2,100 General and administrative 1,307 1,784 2,705 3,232 $ 3,159 $ 3,487 $ 5,372 $ 7,030 The following is a summary of the stock option activity during the six months ended June 30, 2024. Number of Weighted-Average Weighted-Average (In Years) Aggregate Outstanding at December 31, 2023 2,247,951 $ 7.73 7.11 $ — Granted — — Exercised — — — Canceled ( 153,746 ) 9.78 Outstanding at June 30, 2024 2,094,205 $ 7.58 6.93 — Exercisable at June 30, 2024 1,143,051 $ 7.98 5.47 $ — (1) The aggregate intrinsic value was calculated based on the positive difference between the fair value of the Company’s common stock on June 30, 2024 of $ 2.37 per share, or the date of exercise, as appropriate, and the exercise price of the underlying options. The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity for our service-based awards (“S-RSU”) and our performance-based awards (“P-RSU”) during the six months ended June 30, 2024: S-RSU Shares Weighted Grant Fair Value P-RSU Shares Weighted Grant Fair Value Total RSU Shares Weighted Grant Fair Value Unvested at December 31, 2023 5,102,268 $ 6.04 517,170 $ 4.54 5,619,438 $ 5.90 Granted 4,238,499 1.89 — — 4,238,499 1.89 Vested and issued ( 1,213,777 ) 6.54 — — ( 1,213,777 ) 6.54 Canceled ( 1,012,110 ) 5.39 ( 17,186 ) 18.33 ( 1,029,296 ) 5.60 Unvested at June 30, 2024 7,114,880 $ 3.57 499,984 $ 4.06 7,614,864 $ 3.60 |