Gravity (GRVY) 6-K Separate Financial Statements

Exhibit 99.2

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

ConsolidatedFinancial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Index

December 31, 2018 and 2017

	Page(s)
Independent Auditor’s Report	1-3
Separate Financial Statements
Separate Statements of Financial Position	4-5
Separate Statements of Comprehensive Income	6
Separate Statements of Changes in Equity	7
Separate Statements of Cash Flows	8
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements	9-49

Independent Auditor’s Report

(English Translation of a Report Originally Issued in Korean)

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Gravity Co., Ltd.

Opinion

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Gravity Co., Ltd. (the Company), which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, consolidated statements of changes in equity and consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the Republic of Korea (Korean IFRS).

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audits in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements of the Republic of Korea that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the ethical requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Other Matter

Auditing standards and their application in practice vary among countries. The procedures and practices used in the Republic of Korea to audit such financial statements may differ from those generally accepted and applied in other countries.

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with Korean IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Samil PricewaterhouseCoopers, 100 Hangang-daero, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04386, Korea, www.samil.com

1

In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations.

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process.

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

● Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

● Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control.

● Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.

● Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.

● Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

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Seoul, Korea

March 25, 2019

This report is effective as of March 25, 2019, the audit report date. Certain subsequent events or circumstances, which may occur between the audit report date and the time of reading this report, could have a material impact on the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Accordingly, the readers of the audit report should understand that there is a possibility that the above audit report may have to be revised to reflect the impact of such subsequent events or circumstances, if any.

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GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

December 31, 2018 and 2017

(In thousands of Korean won)		Notes	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Assets
Current assets
	Cash and cash equivalents	4,5	￦	86,050,738	￦	39,095,216
	Short-term financial instruments	5		9,500,000		22,500,000
	Accounts receivables, net	5,6		60,663,917		42,167,869
	Other receivables, net	5,6		254,540		698,059
	Prepaid expenses	11		2,515,511		3,026,966
	Other current assets	5		1,182,249		1,382,758
				160,166,955		108,870,868
Non-current assets
	Property and equipment, net	7		1,498,486		945,943
	Intangible assets, net	8		1,163,001		1,036,049
	Deferred tax assets	17		7,413,402		3,036,165
	Other non-current financial assets	5		1,494,032		1,394,347
	Other non-current assets	10		1,437,953		599,766
				13,006,874		7,012,270
Total assets			￦	173,173,829	￦	115,883,138
Liabilities
Current liabilities
	Account payables	5	￦	71,928,274	￦	44,409,786
	Deferred revenue	11		16,476,351		16,100,168
	Withholdings			2,018,894		1,438,723
	Accrued expenses	5		1,030,598		1,037,440
	Income tax payable	17		1,943,994		1,628,368
	Other current liabilities	5		122,928		129,926
				93,521,039		64,744,411
Non-current liabilities
Long-term deferred revenue		11		3,598,140		6,580,815
Other non-current liabilities		5		502,865		559,461
				4,101,005		7,140,276
Total liabilities			￦	97,622,044	￦	71,884,687
(Continued)

The above consolidated statements of financial position should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

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GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

December 31, 2018 and 2017

(In thousands of Korean won)		Notes	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Equity		12
Equity attributable to owners of the Parent Company
	Share capital
	Common shares		￦	3,474,450	￦	3,474,450
	Capital surplus	12		27,140,255		27,163,600
	Other components of equity	12		138,433		(39,679)
	Retained earnings (Accumulated deficit)	12		45,404,608		13,961,805
Non-controlling interest				(605,961)		(561,725)
Total equity				75,551,785		43,998,451
Total liabilities and equity			￦	173,173,829	￦	115,883,138

The above consolidated statements of financial position should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

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GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

(in thousands of Korean won, except per share amounts)	Notes	2018			2017
Revenues	21,22
Online games – subscription revenue		￦	25,897,784	￦	36,428,402
Online games – royalties and license fees			13,555,827		16,244,377
Mobile games			239,488,896		82,624,332
Other revenue			7,827,918		6,326,370
			286,770,425		141,623,481
Cost of revenues	13		210,043,556		94,234,263
Gross profit			76,726,869		47,389,218
Selling, general and administrative expenses	13,14		42,837,372		33,250,837
Operating profit	21		33,889,497		14,138,381
Non-operating income and expenses
Finance income	5,15		825,982		594,574
Finance costs	5,15		(92,202)		(209,969)
Other non-operating income	5,16		1,369,819		1,444,954
Other non-operating expenses	5,16		(1,553,598)		(1,509,826)
Profit before income tax expense			34,439,498		14,458,114
Income tax expense	17		3,053,167		1,144,177
Profit for the year		￦	31,386,331	￦	13,313,937
Profit (loss) attributable to:
Owners of the Parent Company			31,442,803		13,319,047
Non-controlling interests			(56,472)		(5,110)
Other comprehensive income
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss
Foreign currency translation adjustments	12		178,112		37,087
Total comprehensive income for the year		￦	31,564,443	￦	13,351,024
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to:
Owners of the Parent Company			31,620,915		13,356,134
Non-controlling interests			(56,472)		(5,110)
Earnings per share attributable to the equity holders of the Parent Company
Basic earnings per share	18		4,525		1,917
Diluted earnings per share	18		4,525		1,917

The above consolidated statements of comprehensive income should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

6

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

(in thousands of Korean won)			Attributable to owners of the Parent Company										Non-controlling interest		Total Equity
	Notes		Share capital		Capital surplus		Other components of equity		Retained earnings (Accumulated deficit)		Total
Balance at January 1, 2017		￦	3,474,450	￦	27,900,199	￦	(76,766)	￦	(93,841)	￦	31,204,042	￦	(556,615)	￦	30,647,427
Profit for the year			-		-		-		13,319,047		13,319,047		(5,110)		13,313,937
Disposition of deficit with capital surplus			-		(736,599)		-		736,599		-		-		-
Foreign currency translation adjustments	12		-		-		37,087		-		37,087		-		37,087
Balance at December 31, 2017		￦	3,474,450	￦	27,163,600	￦	(39,679)	￦	13,961,805	￦	44,560,176	￦	(561,725)	￦	43,998,451
Balance at January 1, 2018		￦	3,474,450	￦	27,163,600	￦	(39,679)	￦	13,961,805	￦	44,560,176	￦	(561,725)	￦	43,998,451
Profit for the year			-		-		-		31,442,803		31,442,803		(56,472)		31,386,331
Equity transaction			-		(23,345)		-		-		(23,345)		12,236		(11,109)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	12		-		-		178,112		-		178,112		-		178,112
Balance at December 31, 2018		￦	3,474,450	￦	27,140,255	￦	138,433	￦	45,404,608	￦	76,157,746	￦	(605,961)	￦	75,551,785

The above consolidated statements of changes in equity should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

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GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow

Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

(in thousands of Korean won)	Notes	2018		2017
Cash flows from operating activities
Profit for the year		￦	31,386,331	￦	13,313,937
Adjustments	19		4,480,905		1,997,679
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	19		6,703,895		12,877,744
Interest received			680,501		554,362
Income taxes paid			(7,279,170)		(2,607,286)
Net cash inflow from operating activities			35,972,462		26,136,436
Cash flows from investing activities
Decrease in short-term financial instruments, net			13,000,000		-
Decrease in other non-current financial assets			-		7,014
Decrease in other current assets			3,333		3,333
Disposal of property and equipment	7		69,318		1,656
Increase in short-term financial instruments, net			-		(500,000)
Increase in other non-current financial assets			-		(430,117)
Acquisition of property and equipment	7		(1,141,440)		(899,011)
Acquisition of intangible assets	8		(1,108,876)		(1,165,069)
Net cash inflow(outflow) from investing activities			10,822,335		(2,982,194)
Cash flows from financing activities
Redemption of lease liabilities			(197,159)		-
Net cash outflow from financing activities			(197,159)		-
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents			357,884		(778,698)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents			46,955,522		22,375,544
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year			39,095,216		16,719,672
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year in the statements of financial position		￦	86,050,738	￦	39,095,216

The above consolidated statements of cash flows in should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

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GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

1. General Information

GRAVITY CO., LTD. (“Gravity”) was incorporated on April 4, 2000, to engage in developing and distributing online games and other related business. Gravity’s headquarters is located at 15F, 396 World Cup buk‑ro, Mapo‑gu, Seoul, Korea. On November 17, 2016, Gravity has established a Gravity Taiwan Branch in Taipei City, Taiwan. On April 13, 2018, Gravity has established Gravity Communications Co., Ltd. in Taipei City, Taiwan. Gravity’s principal game product, “Ragnarok”, a massive multi-player online role-playing game, was commercially launched in August 2002, and currently operated internationally 81 markets. The Company also operates many other games.

On February 8, 2005, Gravity listed its shares on NASDAQ in the United States, and issued 1,400,000 shares of ordinary shares by means ofAmerican Depositary Shares.

Gravity started with total paid-in capital amount of ￦500,000 thousand, and as at December 31, 2018, the total paid-in capital amounts to ￦3,474,450 thousand. Gravity’s major shareholders and their respective percentage of ownership as at December 31, 2018, are as follows:

Shareholder	Number of shares	Ownership (%)
GungHo Online Entertainment, Inc.	4,121,737	59.31
Others	2,827,163	40.69
	6,948,900	100.00

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Gravity and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”). Details of the consolidated subsidiaries as at December 31, 2018, are as follows:

Subsidiaries	Location	Ownership interest held by the Company (%)	Main business
NeoCyon, Inc. 1	Korea	98.73%	Mobile game development and services
Gravity Interactive, Inc.	United States	100%	Online and mobile game services
Gravity Games Corp. 2	Korea	-	Online game development
Gravity Entertainment Corp.	Japan	100%	Animation production, distribution and game services
Gravity Communications Co.,Ltd. 3	Taiwan	100%	Online and mobile game services

¹ Percentage of ownership increased as Gravity participated in capital increase with consideration by NeoCyon, Inc.

² Excluded from the consolidation as liquidated in current year.

³ Newly established in current year with 100% ownership of Gravity.

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GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

Summarized financial information of consolidated subsidiaries as at and for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018
Subsidiaries	Assets		Liabilities		Sales		Profit (loss) for the period
NeoCyon, Inc.	￦	6,619,844	￦	5,209,590	￦	22,782,618	￦	(2,056,820)
Gravity Interactive, Inc.		79,806,232		80,016,529		84,329,085		(2,511,020)
Gravity Entertainment Corp.		509,183		96,184		157,425		29,797
Gravity Communications Co.,Ltd.		8,231,267		2,352,489		2,200,724		204,883
Gravity Games Corp.		-		-		11,641		4,164,622

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2017
Subsidiaries	Assets		Liabilities		Sales		Profit (loss) for the period
NeoCyon, Inc.	￦	6,855,116	￦	5,376,927	￦	23,601,638	￦	18,143
Gravity Interactive, Inc.		2,152,360		10,087,107		5,418,466		(638,112)
Gravity Games Corp.		3,403,607		4,442,408		307,842		(40,100)
Gravity Entertainment Corp.		361,573		3,077		16		(8,305)

2. Significant Accounting Polices

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

2.1 Basis of Presentation

The Company has first adopted International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the Republic of Korea (Korean IFRS). Korean IFRS are the standards, subsequent amendments and related interpretations issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) that have been adopted by the Republic of Korea.

The preparation of the separate financial statements requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgment in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgment or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the separate financial statements are disclosed in Note 3.

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GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2.2 Changes in Accounting Policies and Disclosures

(a) New and amended standards adopted by the Company

The Group has applied the following standards and amendments for the first time for their annual reporting period commencing January 1, 2018. The amendment does not have a significant impact on the financial statements.

- Amendment to Korean IFRS 1028 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures

When an investment in an associate or a joint venture is held by, or is held indirectly through, an entity that is a venture capital organization, or a mutual fund, unit trust and similar entities including investment-linked insurance funds, the entity may elect to measure each investment separately at fair value through profit or loss in accordance with Korean IFRS 1109. The amendment does not have a significant impact on the financial statements because the Company is not a venture capital organization.

- Amendment to Korean IFRS 1040 Transfers of Investment Property

The amendment to Korean IFRS 1040 clarifies that a transfer to, or from, investment property, including property under construction, can only be made if there has been a change in use that is supported by evidence, and the list of evidence for a change of use in the standard was re-characterized as a non-exclusive list of example. The amendment does not have a significant impact on the financial statements.

- Amendment to Korean IFRS 1102 Share-based Payment

Amendments to Korean IFRS 1102 clarify accounting for a modification to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment that changes the classification of the transaction from cash-settled to equity-settled. Amendments also clarify that the measurement approach should treat the terms and conditions of a cash-settled award in the same way as for an equity-settled award. The amendment does not have a significant impact on the financial statements.

- Enactment of Interpretation 2122 Foreign Currency Transaction and Advance Consideration

According to the enactment, the date of the transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income (or part of it) is the date on which an entity initially recognizes the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from the payment or receipt of advance consideration. The enactment does not have a significant impact on the financial statements.

- Korean IFRS 1109 Financial Instruments

The Company has applied Korean IFRS 1109 Financial Instruments on January 1, 2018, the date of initial application. In accordance with the transitional provisions in Korean IFRS 1109, comparative figures have not been restated, and the differences between previous book amounts and book amounts at the date of initial application are recognized to retained earnings (or equity). Application of IFRS 1109 does not have a significant impact on the financial statements.

- Korean IFRS 1115 Revenue from Contracts with Customers

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GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

The Company has applied to apply Korean IFRS 1115 Revenue from Contracts with Customers. In accordance with the transition provisions in Korean IFRS 1115, comparative figures have not been restated. The Company elected the modified retrospective approach, and recognized the cumulative impact of initially applying the revenue standard as an adjustment to retained earnings (or equity) as at January 1, 2018, the period of initial application. Application of IFRS 1115 does not have a significant impact on the financial statements.

(b) New and amended standards not yet adopted by the Company

Certain new accounting standards and interpretations that have been published that are not mandatory for annual reporting period commencing January 1, 2018 and have not been early adopted by the Company are set out below.

- Korean IFRS 1116 Leases

Korean IFRS 1116 Leases issued on May 22, 2017 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. This standard will replace Korean IFRS 1017 Leases, Interpretation 2104 Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease, Interpretation 2015 Operating Leases-Incentives, and Interpretation 2027 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease.

At inception of a contract, the entity shall assess whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. Also, at the date of initial application, the entity shall assess whether the contract is, or contains, a lease in accordance with the standard. However, the entity will not need to reassess all contracts with applying the practical expedient because the entity elected to apply the practical expedient only to contracts entered before the date of initial application.

For a contract that is, or contains, a lease, the entity shall account for each lease component within the contract as a lease separately from non-lease components of the contract. A lessee is required to recognize a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying leased asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments. The lessee may elect not to apply the requirements to short-term lease (a lease term of 12 months or less at the commencement date) and low value assets (e.g. underlying assets below $ 5,000). In addition, as a practical expedient, the lessee may elect, by class of underlying asset, not to separate non-lease components from lease components, and instead account for each lease component and any associated non-lease components as a single lease component. The accounting treatment as a lessor did not change significantly from the one under IAS 1017 Leases.

Lease accounting as a lessee

The Company plans to apply Korean IFRS 1116 retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard as at January 1, 2019. The cumulative effect of applying the standard will be recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at the date of initial application. The assessment was performed based on available information as at December 31, 2018 to identify effects on 2018 consolidated financial statements.

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GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

The total minimum lease payment expected to be paid by the Company in relation to operating leases before discounted to their present value is ￦4,725,933 thousand. When the payment is discounted at incremental borrowing rate of the lessee, the total minimum lease payment amounts to ￦4,357,664 thousand. For a contract that is, or contains, a lease, the Company plans to apply the practical expedient to account for each lease component and any associated non-lease components as a single lease component.

The Company is analysing the effects on the financial statement; however, it is difficult to provided reasonable estimates of financial effects until the analysis is complete.

Lease accounting as a lessor

The Company is not engaged in any contracts as a lessor as at December 31, 2018.

2.3 Consolidation

The Company has prepared the consolidated financial statements in accordance with Korean IFRS 1110 Consolidated Financial Statements.

(a) Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Company has control. The Company controls an entity when the Company is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power to direct the activities of the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Company. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases.

The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for business combinations by the Company. The consideration transferred is measured at the fair values of the assets transferred, and identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. The Company recognizes any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the acquired entity’s net identifiable assets. All other non-controlling interests are measured at fair values, unless otherwise required by other standards. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

The excess of consideration transferred, amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity and acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquired entity over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired is recoded as goodwill. If those amounts are less than the fair value of the net identifiable assets of the business acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the profit or loss as a bargain purchase.

Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealized gains on transactions between consolidated companies are eliminated. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the transferred asset. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Company.

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GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2.4 Segment Reporting

Information of each operating segment is reported in a manner consistent with the internal business segment reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (Note 21). The chief operating decision-maker is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments.

2.5 Foreign Currency Translation

(a) Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Company’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which each entity operates (the “functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Korean won (KRW), which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency

(b) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are generally recognized in profit or loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. For example, translation differences on non-monetary assets and liabilities such as equities held at fair value through profit or loss are recognized in profit or loss as part of the fair value gain or loss and translation differences on non-monetary assets such as equities classified as available-for-sale financial assets are recognized in other comprehensive income.

2.6 Statement of Cash flow

The statement of cash flows are prepared using the indirect method, and cash flows denominated in foreign currencies are translated at average exchange rates for the period.

2.7 Cash and Cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, and other short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash without significant transaction costs.

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GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2.8 Financial Assets

(a) Classification

From January 1, 2018, the Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

● those to be measured at fair value through profit or loss

● those to be measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, and

● those to be measured at amortized cost.

The classification depends on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

For financial assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in profit or loss or other comprehensive income. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which the investment is held. The Company reclassifies debt investments when, and only when its business model for managing those assets changes.

For investments in equity instruments that are not held for trading, this will depend on whether the Company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income. Changes in fair value of equity instruments not elected as equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income will be recognized in profit or loss.

(b) Measurement

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss.

Financial assets with embedded derivatives are considered in their entirety when determining whether their cash flows are solely payment of principal and interest.

A. Debt instruments

Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Company’s business model for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. The Company classifies its debt instruments into one of the following three measurement categories:

● Amortized cost: Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortized cost. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortized cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in ‘finance income’ using the effective interest rate method.

15

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

● Fair value through other comprehensive income: Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. Movements in the carrying amount are taken through other comprehensive income, except for the recognition of impairment loss (reversal of impairment loss), interest income and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognized in profit or loss. When the financial asset is derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to profit or loss. Interest income from these financial assets is included in ‘finance income’ using the effective interest rate method. Foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in ‘finance income or costs’ and impairment losses are presented in ‘other non-operating expenses’.

● Fair value through profit or loss: Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortized cost or fair value through other comprehensive income are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in profit or loss and presented net in the statement of profit or loss within ‘other non-operating income or expenses’in the year in which it arises.

B. Equity instruments

The Company subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value. Where the Company’s management has elected to present fair value gains and losseson equity investments, which held for long-term investment or strategic purpose, in other comprehensive income, there is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss following the derecognition of the investment. Dividend income from such investments continue to be recognized in profit or loss as ‘finance income’ when the right to receive payments is established.

Changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognized in ‘other income and expenses’ in the statement of profit or loss as applicable. Impairment loss (reversal of impairment loss) on equity investments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.

(c) Impairment

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its debt instruments carried at amortized cost and fair value through other comprehensive income. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. For trade receivables and lease receivables, the Company applies the simplified approach, which requires expected lifetime credit losses to be recognized from initial recognition of the receivables.

16

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

(d) Recognition and Derecognition

Regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognized or derecognized on trade-date, the date on which the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset. Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or have been transferred and the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership.

If a transfer does not result in derecognition because the Company has retained substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the transferred asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset in its entirety and recognizes a financial liability for the consideration received.

(e) Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the statements of financial position where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realize the assets and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

2.9 Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, which includes acquisition cost, production cost and other costs required to prepare the asset for its intended use. It also includes the present value of the estimated cost of dismantling and removing the asset, and restoring the site after the termination of the asset's useful life, provided it meets the criteria for recognition of provisions.

Depreciation is calculated under straight-line method over estimated useful lives as follows:

	Estimated Useful Lives
Computer and other equipment	4 years
Furniture and fixture	4 years
Leasehold improvements	4 years

Expenditures incurred after the acquisition or completion of assets are capitalized only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company, which includes the enhancement of the value of the related assets over their recently appraised value or extension of the useful life of the related assets, and the fair value for the related cost can be reliably measured. All other routine maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.

17

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2.10 Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, except for goodwill, are initially recognized at its historical cost, and carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.

Development costs that are internally generated by the Company are recognized when the criteria; such as, technically feasible, generate probable future economic benefits and other, are met. Membership rights that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization because there is no foreseeable limit to the period over which the assets are expected to be utilized.

The Company entered into a game licensing agreement with a number of third parties to gain exclusive rights to the games developed by other companies. The license fee payments are recognized as other intangible assets and amortized over the term of the contract.

The Company amortizes intangible assets with a limited useful life using the straight-line method over the following periods:

	Estimated Useful Lives
Software	2~3 years
Patents	10 years
Other intangible assets	2 years

2.11 Impairment of Non-financial Assets

Intangible assets not yet available for use are tested annually for impairment. Goodwill acquired in a business combination is tested for impairment at the end of each reporting period by assessing its recoverable amount. Assets that are subject to amortization or depreciation are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment under the above circumstances and when gross estimated future cash flows expected from the use and disposal of property and equipment (individual assets or cash-generating units) is less than the carrying amount. Impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and its value-in-use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels (cash-generating units) for which there are separate and identifiable cash flows.

2.12 Financial Liabilities

(a) Classification and measurement

The Company’s financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are financial instruments held for trading. A financial liability is held for trading if it is incurred principally for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. A derivative that is not a designated as hedging instruments and an embedded derivative that is separated are also classified as held for trading.

18

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

The Company classifies non-derivative financial liabilities, except for financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, financial guarantee contracts and financial liabilities that arise when a transfer of financial assets does not qualify for derecognition, as financial liabilities carried at amortized cost and present as ‘account payables’, ‘other current liabilities’ and ‘other non-current liabilities’ in the consolidated statement of financial position.

(b) Derecognition

Financial liabilities are removed from the statement of financial position when it is extinguished; for example, when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expired or when the terms of an existing financial liability are substantially modified. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid (including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed) is recognized in profit or loss

2.13 Provisions and Contingent Liabilities

Provisions for legal claims, service warranties and make good obligations are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated.

Provisions are measured at the present value of management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.

In addition, when there is a possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity or a present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation or the amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability, a disclosure regarding the contingent liabilities is made in the notes to the financial statements.

2.14 Current and Deferred Tax

The tax expense for the period consists of current and deferred tax. Current and deferred tax is recognized in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. The tax expense is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation authorities, using the tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the separate financial statements. However, deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss.

Deferred tax assets are recognized only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilize those temporary differences and losses.

19

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

The Company recognizes a deferred tax liability all taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates, and interests in joint arrangements, except to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. In addition, the Company recognizes a deferred tax asset for all deductible temporary differences arising from such investments to the extent that it is probable the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis.

2.15 Employee Benefits

(a) Annual paid leave obligations

The Company recognizes expenses and liabilities related to annual paid leave during an accounting period when an employee has rendered service that gives rise to employee’s entitlement to future annual paid leave.

(b) Defined contribution pension plan

The Company has a defined contribution pension plan with the related contribution to the pension plan recorded as severance benefit expenses for the employees with service period over a year. The Company recognizes provision for severance benefits for the employees with service period less than a year.

2.16 Revenue Recognition

From January 1, 2018, the Company has applied Korean IFRS 1115 Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

The Company engages in game licensing, IP licensing and game publishing business. Upon application of IFRS 1115, the Company identifies services promised in a contract as a single performance obligation.

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the sale of goods or rendering of services arising from the normal course of the business. Amounts disclosed as revenue are net of value added taxes, returns, rebates and discounts and after elimination of inter-company transactions.

(a) Subscription revenue (Online and Mobile)

The Company recognizes online and mobile subscription revenue on accrual basis when players make use of in-game premium features.

20

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

Players can access certain games free of charge, but may purchase game points to acquire in-game premium features. The Company defer revenue recognition for the unused game points at the end of reporting period. Consumable in-game items are deferred when such in-game items are purchased by users with game points and recognized as revenue when the purchased in-game items are used in the games. In-game items with limited time period are deferred and recognized as revenue in proportion to the number of days lapsed while permanent in-game items are recognized ratably as revenues over the estimated life cycle of game users.

(b) Royalties and license fees

According to IFRS 15, revenue is recognized over time when there is reasonable expectation of ongoing activities that may have a significant effect on the customers during the duration of the contracts and the customers are exposed to the effect by the activities and there is no additional goods or services offered to the customers from the activities.

The nature of licensing promise is to provide a right to access the entity’s intellectual property as it exists throughout the license period. The Company determines performance obligation satisfied over time and recognizes revenue over a period of time.

The prepaid license fee revenues are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized on a straight-line method over the license period. The running royalties are recognized monthly on accrual basis as royalty payments are determined based on the conditions of contracts. The minimum guarantee (“MG”) royalties are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized on a straight-line method over the license period. If actual cumulative royalties exceed the cumulative revenue amount recognized under the straight-line method, the Company recognizes the excess amount as revenue.

2.17 Lease

A lease is an agreement, whereby the lessor conveys to the lessee, in return for a payment or series of payments, the right to use an asset for an agreed period of time. Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Company are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charge to expenses on a straight-line basis over the period of lease.

2.18 Approval of the Financial Statements

The consolidated financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on March 8, 2019.

21

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

3. Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions concerning the future. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.

(a) Deferred taxes

In assessing the realizability of the deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is probable that a portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. When the Company assessed the realizability of the deferred tax assets, the Company considered its performance, general economic environment, projected future taxable income, periods available to deduct tax loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards and etc. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on whether the Company is able to generate future taxable income in specific tax jurisdictions during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible. However, the amount of deferred tax assets may be different if we do not realize estimated future taxable income during the carry forward periods as originally expected.

4. Cash and cash equivalent

Cash and cash equivalents as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, consist of:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash in bank, etc.	￦	86,050,738	￦	39,095,216

Restricted cash and cash equivalents as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Deposits for membership	￦	-	￦	20,120

22

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

5. Financial Instruments by Category

5.1 Carrying Amounts of Financial Instruments by Category

Carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities by category as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	Financial assets at amortized cost
	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents	￦	86,050,738		￦	39,095,216
Short-term financial assets		9,500,000			22,500,000
Accounts receivables, net		60,663,917			42,167,869
Other receivables, net		254,540			698,059
Other current assets		191,342			155,257
Other non-current financial assets		1,494,032			1,394,347
	￦	158,154,569		￦	106,010,748

(in thousands of Korean won)	Financial liabilities at amortized cost
	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Account payables	￦	71,928,274		￦	44,409,786
Accrued expenses		1,030,598			322,288
Other current liabilities		112,673			106,660
Other non-current liabilities		34,413			140,943
	￦	73,105,958		￦	44,979,677

5.2 Net Gains or Losses by Category of Financial Instruments

Net gains or losses on each category of financial instruments for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	Financial assets at amortized cost
	2018			2017
Interest Income	￦	819,397		￦	553,844
Gain on foreign currency transaction		158,644			230,300

23

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

(in thousands of Korean won)	Financial liabilities at amortized cost
	2018			2017
Gain (loss) on foreign currency transaction	￦	105,009		￦	(349,043)

5.3 Fair value of Financial Instruments by Category

The carrying amount and fair value of financial assets and liabilities as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)
	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Carrying amount		Fair Value		Carrying amount		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	￦	86,050,738	￦	86,050,738	￦	39,095,216	￦	39,095,216
Short-term financial instruments		9,500,000		9,500,000		22,500,000		22,500,000
Accounts receivable, net		60,663,917		(*)		42,167,869		(*)
Other receivables, net		254,540		(*)		698,059		(*)
Other current assets		191,342		(*)		155,257		(*)
Other non-current assets		1,494,032		(*)		1,394,347		(*)
	￦	158,154,569	￦		￦	106,010,748	￦
Account payables	￦	71,928,274	￦	(*)	￦	44,409,786	￦	(*)
Accrued expenses		1,030,598				322,288
Other current liabilities		112,673		(*)		106,660		(*)
Other non-current liabilities		34,413				140,943
	￦	73,105,958	￦		￦	44,979,677	￦

(*) As the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value, it is excluded from fair value disclosure.

24

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

5.4 Fair value Hierarchy

Fair value hierarchy classifications of the financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value or its fair value is disclosed as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	￦	48,004,506	￦	38,046,232	￦	-	￦	86,050,738
Short-term financial assets		5,500,000		4,000,000		-		9,500,000
	￦	53,504,506	￦	42,046,232	￦	-	￦	95,550,738

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	￦	24,431,061	￦	14,664,155	￦	-	￦	39,095,216
Short-term financial assets		11,000,000		11,500,000		-		22,500,000
	￦	35,431,061	￦	26,164,155	￦	-	￦	61,595,216

Assets measured at fair value or for which the fair value is disclosed are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, and the defined levels are as follows:

● Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1)

● All inputs other than quoted prices included in level 1 that are observable (either directly that is, prices, or indirectly that is, derived from prices) for the asset or liability (Level 2)

● Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability (Level 3)

The fair value of financial instruments traded in an active market is determined based on the quoted market price as of the end of the reporting period. If the quoted prices are readily and regularly available through exchanges, sellers, brokers, industry groups, rating agencies or regulators and such prices represent actual market transactions that occur regularly between independent parties, they are considered active markets These products are included in Level 1. Most of the products included in Level 1 consist of ordinary deposits and time deposits.

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using valuation techniques. These valuation techniques use as much market observable information as possible and use the least amount of company-specific information. At this time, if all the significant input variables required to measure the fair value of a good are observable, the good is included in Level 2.

If more than one significant input variable is not based on observable market information, the item is included in Level 3.

25

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of a financial instrument include:

- Disclosure of similar goods Market price or dealer price

- The fair value of derivative instruments is determined by discounting the amount at present value using the leading exchange rate as of the end of the reporting period

For other financial instruments, we use other techniques, such as a discounted cash flow method. For accounts and other receivables classified as current assets, the carrying amount is estimated as a reasonable approximation of fair value.

6. Accounts and Other Receivables

Accounts receivables as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)		December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Non-related party	￦	59,633,006		￦	41,515,693
Related party		1,052,723			775,498
Less: provision for impairment		(21,812)			(123,322)
Accounts receivables, net	￦	60,663,917		￦	42,167,869

Other receivables as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Non-related party	￦	338,444		￦	744,456
Related party		-			-
Less: provision for impairment		(83,904)			(46,397)
Other receivables - net	￦	254,540		￦	698,059

Above accounts and other receivables are classified as loans and receivables and are subsequently measured at amortized cost.

26

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

The aging analysis of accounts receivables as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Receivables not past due	￦	60,641,917		￦	42,145,869
Past due but not impaired		22,000			22,000
Impaired		21,812			123,322
Total	￦	60,685,729		￦	42,291,191

The aging analysis of other receivables as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Receivables not past due	￦	254,540		￦	698,020
Past due but not impaired		-			39
Impaired		83,904			46,397
Total	￦	338,444		￦	744,456

The Company calculates recoverable amount of receivables for which loss event has been individually identified through individual analysis and recognizes the difference between such calculated recoverable amount and book value as impairment loss.

As for the receivables for which loss event has not been individually identified, the Company classifies such receivables based on the contractual collection period, and receivables whose collection period has not expired yet are deemed as receivables not past due. With regard to the receivables past due, the Company makes adjustments to provision for impairment by applying certain specified rate of impaired receivables in consideration of the credit risk based on the overdue period.

Movements in the provision for impairment of accounts and other receivables for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018				2017
	Accounts		Other		Accounts		Other
Balance as at January 1	￦	123,322	￦	46,397	￦	125,985	￦	44,673
Provisions for impaired receivables/ (reversals of unused amounts)		54,982		39,707		(2,663)		1,724
Receivables written off during the year as uncollectible		(156,492)		(2,200)		-		-
Balance as at December 31	￦	21,812	￦	83,904	￦	123,322	￦	46,397

27

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

In assessing the recoverability of accounts receivables, etc., the Company takes into consideration changes in the credit rating of accounts receivables from commencement of the credit granting to end of the reporting period.

7. Property and Equipment

Details of property and equipment as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Cost		Accumulated depreciation		Book amount		Cost		Accumulated depreciation		Book amount
Computer and other equipment	￦	7,125,083	￦	(6,237,454)	￦	887,629	￦	6,794,885	￦	(6,140,582)	￦	654,303
Furniture and fixture		1,924,324		(1,440,008)		484,316		1,866,871		(1,702,000)		164,871
Leasehold improvements		1,124,298		(997,757)		126,541		1,080,809		(954,040)		126,769
	￦	10,173,705	￦	(8,675,219)	￦	1,498,486	￦	9,742,565	￦	(8,796,622)	￦	945,943

Changes in property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)		December 31, 2018
		Computer and other equipment		Furniture and fixture		Leasehold improvements			Total
Opening net book amount		￦	654,303	￦	164,871	￦	126,769		￦	945,943
Acquisitions			550,134		472,280		119,026			1,141,440
Depreciation			(297,448)		(133,196)		(115,351)			(545,995)
Disposals			(32,634)		(21,188)		(5,275)			(59,097)
Exchange differences			13,274		1,549		1,372			16,195
Closing net book amount	￦	￦	887,629	￦	484,316	￦	126,541		￦	1,498,486

28

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2017
	Computer and other equipment		Furniture and Fixture		Leasehold improvements		Total
Opening net book amount	￦	231,381	￦	103,271	￦	143,421	￦	478,073
Acquisitions		616,677		165,222		117,112		899,011
Depreciation		(174,193)		(102,935)		(98,281)		(375,409)
Disposals		-		(806)		(36,540)		(37,346)
Exchange differences		(19,562)		119		1,057		(18,386)
Closing net book amount	￦	654,303	￦	164,871	￦	126,769	￦	945,943

Line items including depreciation in the statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018		2017
Cost of revenue	￦	260,164	￦	182,509
Selling, general and administrative expenses		285,831		192,900
	￦	545,995	￦	375,409

At the end of the reporting period, there are no tangible assets of the Company that are pledged as collaterals for the Company’s debts.

8. Intangible Assets

Details of intangible assets as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Cost		Accumulated amortization1		Book amount		Cost		Accumulated amortization1		Book amount
Software	￦	11,341,174	￦	(10,349,891)	￦	991,283	￦	10,536,363	￦	(10,472,095)	￦	64,268
Patents		532,832		(461,451)		71,381		516,861		(440,326)		76,535
Other intangible assets		3,409,886		(3,309,549)		100,337		3,331,438		(2,436,192)		895,246
	￦	15,283,891	￦	(14,120,891)	￦	1,163,001	￦	14,384,662	￦	(13,348,613)	￦	1,036,049

¹ Accumulated amortization includes the amount of accumulated impairment loss

29

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

Changes in intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018
	Software		Patents		Other intangible assets		Total
Beginning balance	￦	64,268	￦	76,535	￦	895,246	￦	1,036,049
Acquisitions		1,523,161		15,971		78,447		1,617,579
Amortization		(596,974)		(21,125)		(250,216)		(868,315)
Disposals		-		-		-		-
Impairment loss1		-		-		(623,140)		(623,140)
Exchange differences		828		-		-		828
Ending balance	￦	991,283	￦	71,381	￦	100,337	￦	1,163,001

¹ Impairment loss of \ 623,141 thousand was recognized as carrying amount of other intangible assets exceeded recoverable amount.

(in thousands of Korean won)	2017
	Software		Patents		Other intangible assets		Total
Beginning balance	￦	114,993	￦	88,966	￦	30,038	￦	233,997
Acquisitions		35,759		11,936		1,129,310		1,177,005
Amortization		(86,291)		(24,367)		(34,102)		(144,760)
Disposals		-		-		-		-
Impairment loss		-		-		(230,000)		(230,000)
Exchange differences		(193)		-		-		(193)
Ending balance	￦	64,268	￦	76,535	￦	895,246	￦	1,036,049

The amortization expenses of intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are charged to the following accounts:

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018		2017
Cost of revenue	￦	251,180	￦	40,306
Selling, general and administrative expenses		617,135		104,454
	￦	868,315	￦	144,760

9. Employee Benefit

The expense recognized in relation to defined contribution plan for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, are ￦1,459,083 thousand and ￦931,782 thousand, respectively.

30

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

10. Commitments

The Company has entered into exclusive license agreement with foreign licensees, such as GungHo Online Entertainment, Inc., and Electronics Extreme Ltd. etc., to provide exclusive license to distribute and sell online games and receives a certain portion of each licensee’s revenues (20-40%) as royalties.

In March 2016, the Company and Shanghai The Dream Network Technology Co., Ltd. entered existing development agreements to grant them an exclusive right to develop mobile games and web games in China based on the contents of Ragnarok Online and distribute such games in mainland China for five years.

As at December 31, 2018, the Company has entered into license agreements with various third party game developers to secure exclusive right to publish the games developed by third party developers. Upfront license fees paid are capitalized as other intangible assets and minimum guaranteed royalties are capitalized as other non-current asset. As at December 31, 2018, purchase obligations for future payment related to above agreements is ￦ 1,089,297 thousand (As at December 31, 2017 : ￦1,436,167 thousand).

The Company entered into lease agreements for principal office in Seoul, its overseas branch office, etc. as at December 31, 2018.

Future minimum lease payments for the operating leases as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Within one year	￦	2,592,311		￦	2,332,900
Later than one year but not later than three years		2,737,922			357,850
Total	￦	5,330,233		￦	2,690,750

The lease payments recognized as expenses resulting from operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018		2017
Lease payments	￦	2,603,623	￦	2,204,854

31

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

11. Contract Assets and Liabilities

As explained in Note 2, the Company has applied Korean IFRS 1115 Revenue from Contracts with Customers on January 1, 2018, the date of initial application.

Details of the incremental costs of obtaining a contract and contract liabilities are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018			January 1, 2018
Incremental costs of obtaining a contract (Prepaid expenses)	￦	2,036,015		￦	2,230,595
Contact liabilities(Deferred revenue)	￦	20,074,491		￦	22,680,983
Subscription revenue		12,016,773			12,409,010
Royalties and license fees		7,223,183			10,243,589
App development and service revenue		834,535			28,384

Changes in contract liabilities for for the years ended December 31, 2018, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	Contract liabilities
Balance as at January 1, 2018	￦	22,680,983
Increase due to subscription revenue		12,016,773
Increase due to royalties and license fees		540,460
Increase due to app development and service revenue		834,535
Decrease due to satisfaction of performance obligation – subscription revenue		(12,409,010)
Decrease due to satisfaction of performance obligation – royalties and license fees		(3,065,443)
Decrease due to satisfaction of performance obligation – app development and service revenue		(495,423)
Decrease due to termination of contracts		(28,384)
Balance as at December 31, 2018	￦	20,074,491

Meanwhile, there is no revenue in the reporting period which arises from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.

32

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

Transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations as at December 31, 2018, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	Closing Balance
Subscription revenue	￦	12,016,773
Royalties and license fees		7,223,183
App development and service revenue		834,535

The Company expects to recognize 82%(￦16,476,352 thousand) of transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance in the following reporting period. The Company expects the remaining 18% (￦3,598,139 thousand) to be recognized after the following reporting period. Above amounts do not include estimation on variable consideration.

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract as at December 31, 2018, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	Closing balance
Assets recognized from the costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer	￦	2,036,015
Amortization recognized as cost of revenue		2,230,595

12. Share Capital and Share Premium

Details of common shares as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in Korean won and in number of shares)	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Shares authorized		40,000,000			40,000,000
Value per share	￦	500		￦	500
Number of shares issued		6,948,900			6,948,900
Common shares	￦	3,474,450,000		￦	3,474,450,000

Details of capital surplus as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Share premium	￦	25,334,202		\	25,357,547
Other capital surplus		1,806,053			1,806,053
	￦	27,140,255		\	27,163,600

33

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

Details of other components of equity at the end of reporting periods are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Foreign currency translation adjustments	￦	138,433	￦	(39,679)

Details of retained earnings (accumulated deficit) at the end of reporting periods are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Unappropriated retained earnings	￦	45,404,608	￦	13,961,805

According to the Company's Articles of Incorporation, the Company may issue 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock without voting rights, and there are no preferred shares issued as at December 31, 2018.

13. Classification of expenses by nature

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018			2017
Fees and commissions	￦	195,173,112		￦	83,356,234
Advertising expenses		17,262,943			12,525,124
Salaries		23,137,389			17,847,223
Outsourcing expenses		6,175,990			5,188,650
Rent		2,603,623			2,204,854
Employee benefits		2,655,375			2,168,789
Expenses related to defined contribution plan		1,545,612			1,218,666
Depreciation		545,995			375,409
Amortization		868,315			144,760
Other expenses		2,912,574			2,455,391
Total1	￦	252,880,928		￦	127,485,100

¹ Total cost of revenue and selling, general and administrative expenses per the statement of comprehensive income.

34

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

14. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018			2017
Advertising expenses	￦	17,262,943		￦	12,525,124
Fees and commissions		5,727,264			6,594,426
Research and development		7,079,825			5,467,507
Salaries		8,018,311			5,239,234
Employee benefits		1,140,450			919,054
Rent		941,451			686,443
Expenses related to defined contribution plan		386,921			356,538
Depreciation		232,504			149,528
Amortization		581,197			67,726
Other expenses		1,466,506			1,245,257
	￦	42,837,372		￦	33,250,837

15. Finance Income and Costs

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018			2017
Finance income
Interest Income	￦	819,397		￦	553,844
Unrealized foreign currency gain		379			1,289
Gain on foreign currency transaction		6,206			39,441
	￦	825,982		￦	594,574

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018			2017
Finance costs
Unrealized foreign currency loss	￦	72,733		￦	185,367
Loss on foreign currency transaction		7,295			11,594
Other		12,174			13,008
	￦	92,202		￦	209,969

35

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

16. Other Non-Operating Income and Expenses

Details of other non-operating income for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018			2017
Unrealized foreign currency gain	￦	81,615		￦	286,785
Gain on foreign currency transaction		1,166,665			993,352
Gain on disposal of property and equipment		15,497			1,655
Others		106,042			163,162
	￦	1,369,819		￦	1,444,954

Details of other non-operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018			2017
Unrealized foreign currency loss	￦	27,736		￦	485,449
Loss on foreign currency transaction		883,446			757,199
Loss on retirement of property and equipment		5,275			36,540
Impairment loss on intangible assets		623,141			230,000
Donations		3,871			-
Others		10,129			638
	￦	1,553,598		￦	1,509,826

17. Tax Expense and Deferred Tax

Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, consists of:

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018		2017
Current tax:
Current tax on profits for the year	￦	7,430,404	￦	4,180,342
Deferred tax:
Origination and reversal of temporary differences		(4,377,237)		(3,036,165)
Income tax expense	￦	3,053,167	￦	1,144,177

36

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

The tax on the Company’s profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the effective tax rate applicable to profits of the consolidated entities as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018			2017
Profit before income tax expense	￦	34,439,498		￦	14,458,114
Tax at domestic tax rates applicable to profits in the respective countries		8,993,807			3,232,649
Tax effects of:
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes		61,893			136,336
Tax amounts paid in a foreign country		5,195,891			3,962,769
Utilization of previously unrecognized tax losses		(4,694,338)			(2,673,552)
Utilization of previously unrecognized tax credits		(652,938)			(633,273)
Change in deferred tax due to temporary differences		-			(3,036,165)
Change in deferred tax due to carry-forward deficits		(1,950,584)			-
Change in deferred tax due to tax credit carry-forward		(4,314,883)			-
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations		(220,795)			495,364
Others		635,114			(339,951)
Income tax expense	￦	3,053,167		￦	1,144,177

   The effective average tax rate of the Company was 9% (2017: 8%).

37

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

The movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, without taking into consideration the offsetting of balances within the same tax jurisdiction, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018								2017
	Beginning balance			Increase (Decrease)			Ending balance		Beginning balance			Increase (Decrease)			Ending balance
Deferred tax assets
Intangible assets	￦	88,706		￦	155,527		￦	244,233	￦	197,511		￦	(108,805)		￦	88,706
Other non-current asset		49,498			(41,058)			8,440		110,093			(60,595)			49,498
Accounts Payable		1,439,985			3,259,696			4,699,681		590,085			849,900			1,439,985
Accrued expenses		88,134			15,692			103,826		51,473			36,661			88,134
Deferred revenue		812,490			125,339			937,829		(20,095)			832,585			812,490
Provision for impaired receivables		216,553			40,860			257,413		270,762			(54,209)			216,553
Asset retirement obligation		39,205			7,059			46,264		31,505			7,700			39,205
Investment in subsidiaries		2,747,475			(2,747,475)			-		2,747,475			-			2,747,475
Other		27,888			(45,080)			(17,192)		67,988			(40,100)			27,888
Deferred tax liabilities
Tax paid in a foreign country		(13,178)			38,165			24,987		(13,021)			(157)			(13,178)
Property and equipment		(32,636)			13,219			(19,417)		38,183			(70,819)			(32,636)
Subtotal(Ⅰ)	￦	5,464,120		￦	821,944		￦	6,286,064	￦	4,071,959		￦	1,392,161		￦	5,464,120
Deferred tax due to carry-forward deficits(Ⅱ)		14,001,968			(10,132,977)			3,868,991		20,662,150			(6,660,182)			14,001,968
Deferred tax due to tax credit carry-forward(Ⅲ)		8,089,715			(2,405,781)			5,683,934		6,696,572			1,393,143			8,089,715
Evaluation of realization(Ⅳ)		(24,519,638)			16,094,051			(8,425,587)		(31,430,681)			6,911,043			(24,519,638)
Deferred tax asset after evaluating realization (Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ+Ⅳ) 1	￦	3,036,165		￦	4,377,237		￦	7,413,402	￦	-		￦	3,036,165		￦	3,036,165

38

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

¹ The future realizability of deferred income tax assets is assessed by taking into consideration various factors such as the Company's performance, the overall economic environment and industry outlook, expected future earnings, tax credits. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has recognized full deferred tax assets related to temporary differences, carry-forward deficits and tax credit carry-forward, which can be utilized based on the likelihood of future taxable income. This amount may change if the estimate for future taxable income changes.

39

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

Details of unrecognized deductible (taxable) temporary differences, carry-forward deficits and tax credit carry-forward as deferred tax assets (liabilities) as at December 31, 2018 is as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)
Maturity	Carry-forward deficits		Tax credit carry-forward
2019	￦	-	￦	297,979
2020		-		212,374
2021		-		175,371
2022		-		162,959
2023		1,043,279		520,368
After 2023		7,677,898		-
Total	￦	8,721,177	￦	1,369,051

As at December 31, 2018, the Company did not recognize deferred tax asset for deductible temporary differences of \ 18,452,540 thousand (As at December 31, 2017: \ 10,325,477 thousand) and deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries of \ 25,536,203 thousand (As at December 31, 2017: \ 13,051,886 thousand) because it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the forseeable future.

The analysis of deferred tax assets and liabilities as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, is as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018		December, 31 2017
Deferred tax assets
Deferred tax asset to be recovered after more than 12 months	￦	1,465,927	￦	262,946
Deferred tax asset to be recovered within 12 months		5,993,009		2,819,033
	￦	7,458,936	￦	3,081,979
Deferred tax liabilities
Deferred tax liability to be recovered after more than 12 months		-		(32,636)
Deferred tax liability to be recovered within 12 months	￦	(45,534)	￦	(13,178)
		(45,534)		(45,814)
Deferred tax assets, net	￦	7,413,402	￦	3,036,165

40

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

18. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income of the controlling company’s common stock by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

18.1 Basic earnings per share

(in thousands of Korean won, except per share data)	2018			2017
Profit attributable to controlling shareholders (A)	￦	31,442,803		￦	13,319,047
Weighted average outstanding shares of common shares (B)		6,948,900 shares			6,948,900 shares
Basic earnings per share (A/B)	￦	4,525		￦	1,917

18.2 Diluted earnings per share

The Company did not issue any potential ordinary shares. Therefore, basic earnings per share is identical to diluted earnings per share.

19. Cash Generated from Operations

(a) Cash generated from operations

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018			2017
Adjustments for:
Depreciation	￦	545,995		￦	375,409
Amortization		868,315			144,760
Impairment loss on receivables		151,497			74,187
Unrealized foreign currency loss		100,469			670,816
Loss on retirement of property and plant		5,275			36,540
Impairment loss on intangible asset		623,141			230,000
Post-employment benefit expenses		49,934			164,459
Income tax expense		3,053,167			1,144,177
Unrealized foreign currency gain		(81,994)			(288,074)
Gain on disposal of property and plant		(15,497)			(1,656)
Interest income		(819,397)			(553,844)
Other		-			905
Cash generated from operations	￦	4,480,905		￦	1,997,679

41

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

(b) Changes in assets and liabilities arising from operating activities

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018			2017
Change in accounts receivable	￦	(18,573,734)		￦	(27,786,585)
Change in other receivable		406,304			11,945
Change in prepaid expenses		544,025			(1,390,092)
Change in other current assets		192,249			(400,291)
Change in other non-current assets		(1,137,778)			(449,210)
Change in account payables		27,319,034			35,046,175
Change in deferred revenue		(2,706,900)			1,980,127
Change in withholdings		580,171			1,239,295
Change in accrued expenses		(6,873)			186,624
Change in other current liabilities		(13,012)			67,684
Change in long-term deferred revenue		100,409			4,110,733
Change in other non-current liabilities		-			261,339
Cash generated from operations	￦	6,703,895		￦	12,877,744

(c) Non-cash transactions

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018			2017
Reclassification of long-term deferred revenue to deferred revenue	￦	3,392,146		￦	4,190,829
Reclassification of long-term loan to short-term loan		-			3,333
Reclassification of other non-current assets to intangible assets		-			11,936
Increase in account payabledue to purchase software		225,710			-

42

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

20. Financial Risk Management

The Company’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize any adverse effects on the financial performance of the Company. The Company operates financial risk management policies and programs that closely monitor and respond to each risk factor.

20.1 Capital Risk Management

The Company’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, so the Company can continue to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. The Company monitors capital on the basis of the debt ratio. This ratio is calculated as total debt divided by total capital. The debt ratios at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Total debt	￦	97,622,044	￦	71,884,687
Total capital		75,551,785		43,998,451
Debt ratio		129%		163%

20.2 Market Risk

(a) Foreign exchange risk

The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from royalty revenues and commission payment primarily with respect to the US dollar. The Company’s financial assets and liabilities exposed to foreign currency risk as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018
	Assets in foreign currency		Liabilities in foreign currency		Assets in Korean Won		Liabilities in Korean Won
USD		9,623,496		7,486,441	￦	10,760,964	￦	8,373,417
JPY		103,945,453		1,042,657		1,053,242		10,564
EUR		359,772		-		460,206		-
IDR		172,822,025		3,098,944		13,273		238
THB		34,633		173,389		1,190		5,956
TWD		36,311,172		6,597,223		1,328,263		241,326
VND		9,270,000		3,243,600		447		156
HKD		2,731		-		390		-
					￦	13,617,975	￦	8,631,657

43

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2017
	Assets in foreign currency		Liabilities in foreign currency		Assets in Korean Won		Liabilities in Korean Won
USD		33,614,259		31,553,072	￦	36,025,978	￦	33,815,040
JPY		93,528,526		294,217		887,689		2,792
BRL		161,846		-		52,349		-
EUR		354,019		-		452,879		-
IDR		901,342,531		17,291		71,206		1
THB		334,038		35,317		10,946		1,157
TWD		147,972,077		29,537,654		5,315,157		1,060,993
VND		84,010,000		22,830,100		396,527		107,758
HKD		304,033		4,967		42,985		681
					￦	43,255,716	￦	34,988,422

The Company measures foreign exchange risk at the exchange rate of 10% for each foreign currency, and the rate of change reflects the management's assessment of the risk of exchange rate fluctuation that can be reasonably experienced. The effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rate on profit before tax for the years ended of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)		Impact on pre-tax profit
		2018		2017
USD	Strengthened	￦	238,755	￦	221,094
	Weakened		(238,755)		(221,094)
JPY	Strengthened		104,268		88,490
	Weakened		(104,268)		(88,490)
Others	Strengthened		155,609		517,146
	Weakened		(155,609)		(517,146)

The sensitivity analysis is based on monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies other than the functional currency at the end of the reporting period.

(b) Interest rate risk

As of the end of the reporting period, there are no borrowings under variable interest rate conditions.

(c) Price risk

There are no assets and liabilities exposed to price risk as at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

44

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

20.3 Credit Risk

Credit risk arises from normal trading and investing activities and occurs when a customer or a counterparty fails to comply with the terms of the contract. In order to manage these credit risks, the Company regularly evaluate the creditworthiness of customers based on their financial condition, past experience and other factors.

The carrying amount of a financial asset represents the maximum exposure to credit risk. The maximum exposure to credit risk of the Company at the end of the reporting period, is as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents	￦	86,050,738	￦	39,095,216
Short-term financial instruments		9,500,000		22,500,000
Account receivables, net		60,663,917		42,167,869
Other receivables, net		254,540		698,059
Other current assets		191,342		155,257
Oher non-current assets		1,494,032		1,394,347
	￦	158,154,569	￦	106,010,748

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term financial instruments are deposited in financial institutions with strong credit ratings. Accounts receivables are mainly due from payment processing companies and platform service providers, which results in low levels of credit risk.

20.4 Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk management includes the maintenance of sufficient cash and marketable securities, the availability of funds from appropriately committed credit lines, and the ability to settle market positions. The following table summarizes the financial liabilities of the Company by maturity according to the remaining period from the end of the reporting period to the contractual maturity date.

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2018
	Less than 3 months			Between 3 months and 1 year			More than 1 year			Between 2 and 5 years
Account payables	￦	70,381,483		￦	1,546,791		￦	-		￦	71,928,274
Accrued expenses		1,030,598			-			-			1,030,598
Other liabilities		-			112,673			34,413			147,086
	￦	71,412,081		￦	1,659,464		￦	34,413		￦	73,105,958

45

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

(in thousands of Korean won)	December 31, 2017
	Less than 3 months			Between 3 months and 1 year			More than 1 year			Between 2 and 5 years
Account payables	￦	42,790,140		￦	1,619,646		￦	-		￦	44,409,786
Accrued expenses		322,288			-			-			322,288
Other liabilities		-			106,660			140,943			247,603
	￦	43,112,428		￦	1,726,306		￦	140,943		￦	44,979,677

The above cash flow is not discounted and the amount due within 12 months is the same as the carrying amount since the effect of the discount is not material.

21. Segment Information

The Company determines the operating segments of the Company by establishing strategic decisions. Chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews operating profit by each segment in order to make decisions regarding the resources to be allocated to the segment and to evaluate the performance of the segment.

The reporting entity of the Company is in line with the organizational structure and CODM's review of operations, and the reportable segments as of the end of the reporting period are mobile, online, and others.

The Company assesses the performance of its operating segments based on its operating profit or loss, which does not differ from operating profit reported on the Statement of Comprehensive Income except for inter-segment transactions. The following information is available for each business segment for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

	December 31, 2018
(in thousands of Korean won)		Sales		Depreciation and amortization		Operating profit (loss)2
Online	￦	41,288,178	￦	238,650	￦	4,640,895
Mobile		257,364,411		473,167		24,863,202
Others		9,526,416		714,716		1,184,434
		308,179,005		1,426,533		30,688,531
Inter-company eliminations1		(21,408,580)		(12,222)		3,200,966
	￦	286,770,425	￦	1,414,311	￦	33,889,497

46

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

	December 31, 2017
(in thousands of Korean won)		Sales		Depreciation and amortization		Operating profit (loss)2
Online	￦	53,790,092	￦	222,170	￦	14,572,751
Mobile		87,193,559		267,889		(2,416,218)
Others		7,532,491		35,666		1,000,192
		148,516,142		525,725		13,156,725
Inter-company eliminations1		(6,892,661)		(5,556)		981,656
	￦	141,623,481	￦	520,169	￦	14,138,381

¹ Intercompany eliminations are reflected as adjustments.

² Other profit or loss items that do not constitute operating profit (loss) are not separately disclosed because they are not reviewed by the chief operating decision maker.

Revenue from external customers broken down by location of the customers are shown as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)
Countries		2018		2017
Korea	￦	80,814,090	￦	28,707,706
Taiwan		98,210,301		76,120,668
Japan		9,766,958		9,491,401
United States of America		10,423,377		7,773,552
Thailand		43,846,433		6,569,561
Philippines		15,539,154		883,239
Indonesia		9,358,982		1,074,797
Other		18,811,130		11,002,557
	￦	286,770,425	￦	141,623,481

Total of non-current assets broken down by location are shown as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)
Countries		20181		20171
Korea	￦	3,054,142	￦	2,113,712
Other		1,045,297		468,047
	￦	4,099,439	￦	2,581,759

¹ Excludes financial assets and deferred tax assets.

There were no external customers, who contributed more than 10% of the Company's revenue for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

47

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

22. Related Party Transactions

Related parties of the Company are entities and individuals capable of exercising control or significant influence over the Company. Related parties include GungHo Online Entertainment, Inc. (the largest shareholder of Gravity through its 59.31% common shares) and its subsidiaries, members of board of directors, and executives with strategic responsibilities and their immediate families.

22.1 Balances of Receivables and Payables

Balances of receivables and payables arising from sales and purchase of goods and services as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

Type

Name of entity

Receivables1

Payables

Receivables1

Payables

Parent company

GungHo Online Entertainment, Inc.

￦

1,052,723

￦

2,981

￦

775,498

￦

2,792

￦

1,052,723

￦

2,981

￦

775,498

￦

2,792

22.2 Sale and Purchase Transactions

Sale and purchase transactions with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands of Korean won)
Type	Name of entity	2018				2017
		Sales		Purchases		Sales		Purchases
Parent company	GungHo Online Entertainment, Inc.	￦	10,516,380	￦	2,635	￦	10,528,846	￦	35,917
		￦	10,516,380	￦	2,635	￦	10,528,846	￦	35,917

22.3 Funds transactions

There are no fund transactions with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.:

48

GRAVITY CO., LTD. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

22.4 Key Management Compensation

The compensation for the key management personnel (registered directors) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 consists of:

(in thousands of Korean won)	2018			2017
Salaries	￦	690,059		￦	628,750
Post-employment benefits		-			-
	￦	690,059		￦	628,750

23. Events After the Reporting Period

On January 29, 2019, the Company newly established a subsidiary named Gravity Game Tech. Co.,Ltd. in Thailand, and on February 7, 2019, the Company newly established joint venture named Gravity Game Link Co.,Ltd. in Indonesia.

49