| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation – The consolidated financial statements of the Company presented herein include all of the accounts of Sotherly Hotels Inc., the Operating Partnership, MHI TRS and subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The consolidated financial statements of the Operating Partnership presented herein include all of the accounts of Sotherly Hotels LP, MHI TRS and subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. Additionally, all administrative expenses of the Company and those expenditures made by the Company on behalf of the Operating Partnership are reflected as the administrative expenses, expenditures and obligations thereto of the Operating Partnership, pursuant to the terms of the Partnership Agreement. Variable Interest Entities – The Operating Partnership is a variable interest entity. The Company’s only significant asset is its investment in the Operating Partnership, and consequently, substantially all of the Company’s assets and liabilities represent those assets and liabilities of the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. All of the Company’s debt is an obligation of the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. Investment in Hotel Properties – Investments in hotel properties include investments in operating properties which are recorded at fair value on acquisition date and allocated to land, property and equipment and identifiable intangible assets. If substantially all the fair value of the gross assets acquired are concentrated in a single identifiable asset, the asset is not considered a business. When we conclude that an acquisition meets this threshold, acquisition costs will be capitalized as part of our allocation of the purchase price of the acquired asset. We capitalize the costs of significant additions and improvements that materially upgrade, increase the value of or extend the useful life of the property. These costs may include refurbishment, renovation, and remodeling expenditures, as well as certain direct internal costs related to construction projects. Upon the sale or retirement of a fixed asset, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from our accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the statements of operations. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally 7 to 39 years for buildings and building improvements and 3 to 10 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the useful lives of the related assets. The Company assesses the carrying values of its investments in hotel properties whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the hotel properties may not be recoverable. Events or circumstances that may cause a review include, but are not limited to, adverse permanent changes in the demand for lodging at the properties due to declining national or local economic conditions and/or new hotel construction in markets where the hotels are located. When such conditions exist, management performs an analysis to determine if the estimated undiscounted future cash flows from operations and the proceeds from the ultimate disposition of a hotel property exceeds its carrying value. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are found to be less than the carrying amount of the asset, an adjustment to reduce the carrying amount to the related hotel property’s estimated fair market value would be recorded and an impairment loss recognized. The Company recognized no impairment losses for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2022 or 2021. Assets Held For Sale – The Company records assets as held for sale when management has committed to a plan to sell the assets, actively seeks a buyer for the assets, and the consummation of the sale is considered probable and is expected within one year . Cash and Cash Equivalents – We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Restricted Cash – Restricted cash includes real estate tax escrows, insurance escrows and reserves for replacements of furniture, fixtures and equipment pursuant to certain requirements in our various mortgage agreements.
As of As of
September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents $ 23,011,471 $ 19,540,790
Restricted cash 7,006,371 13,233,977
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period $ 30,017,842 $ 32,774,767 Concentration of Credit Risk – We hold cash accounts at several institutions in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) protection limits of $ 250,000 . Our exposure to credit loss in the event of the failure of these institutions is represented by the difference between the FDIC protection limit and the total amounts on deposit. Management monitors, on a regular basis, the financial condition of the financial institutions along with the balances there on deposit to minimize our potential risk. Accounts Receivable – Accounts receivable consists primarily of hotel guest and banqueting receivables. Ongoing evaluations of collectability are performed and an allowance for potential credit losses is provided against the portion of accounts receivable that is estimated to be uncollectible. Inventories – Inventories, consisting primarily of food and beverages, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a method that approximates first-in, first-out basis. Franchise License Fees – Fees expended to obtain or renew a franchise license are amortized over the life of the license or renewal. The unamortized franchise fees as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were $ 253,320 and $ 294,390 , respectively. Amortization expense for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 , totaled $ 12,282 and $ 14,871 , respectively, and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, totaled $ 36,570 and $ 44,612 , respectively . Deferred Financing Costs – Deferred financing costs are recorded at cost and consist of loan fees and other costs incurred in issuing debt and are reflected in mortgage loans, net and unsecured notes, net on the consolidated balance sheets. Deferred offering costs are recorded at cost and consist of offering fees and other costs incurred in advance of issuing equity and are reflected in prepaid expenses, inventory and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of deferred financing costs is computed using a method that approximates the effective interest method over the term of the related debt and is included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Derivative Instruments – Our derivative instruments are reflected as assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and measured at fair value. Derivative instruments used to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as an interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivative instruments used to hedge exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. For a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge, the change in fair value each period is reported in accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity and partners’ capital to the extent the hedge is effective. For a derivative instrument designated as a fair value hedge, the change in fair value each period is reported in earnings along with the change in fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged. For a derivative instrument that does not qualify for hedge accounting or is not designated as a hedge, the change in fair value each period is reported in earnings. We use derivative instruments to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest-rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we currently use interest rate caps and an interest rate swaps which act as cash flow hedges and are not designated as hedges. We value our interest-rate caps and interest rate swap at fair value, which we define as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). We do not enter into contracts to purchase or sell derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes. Fair Value Measurements – We classify the inputs used to measure fair value into the following hierarchy:
Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
Level 3 Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. We endeavor to utilize the best available information in measuring fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following table represents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value and the basis for that measurement (our interest rate caps and interest rate swap are the only assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, there were no non-recurring assets or liabilities for fair value measurements as of September 30, 2022 and there were two non-recurring assets and no non-recurring liabilities for fair value measurements as of December 31, 2021, respectively):
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
December 31, 2021
Interest Rate Cap (1) $ — $ 47 $ —
Interest Rate Swap (2) $ — $ ( 1,537,319 ) $ —
Mortgage loans (3) $ — $ ( 355,496,444 ) $ —
Investment in Hotel Properties, net (4) $ — $ 23,000,000 $ —
Investment in Hotel Properties Held for Sale, net (5) $ — $ 11,063,952 $ —
September 30, 2022
Interest Rate Swaps (2) $ — $ 1,362,265 $ —
Mortgage loans (3) $ — $ ( 310,999,015 ) $ — (1) Interest rate cap, which cap the 1-month LIBOR rate at 3.25 %. (2) Interest rate swaps, one of which swaps the Loan Rate for a fixed interest rate of 5.237 % for the DoubleTree by Hilton Philadelphia Airport mortgage and is valued at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and the other which swaps the Loan Rate for a fixed rate of 5.576 % for the Hotel Alba Tampa mortgage and is valued only at September 30, 2022. Notional amounts of the swaps approximate the declining balance of the loan. (3) Mortgage loans are reflected at outstanding principal balance, net of deferred financing costs on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. (4) Investment in hotel properties, net, a non-recurring asset, is reflected at appraised value as of December 31, 2021. (5) Investment in hotel properties held for sale, net, a non-recurring asset, is reflected at net realizable value as of December 31, 2021. Noncontrolling Interest in Operating Partnership – Certain hotel properties were acquired, in part, by the Operating Partnership through the issuance of limited partnership units of the Operating Partnership. The noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership is: (i) increased or decreased by the limited partners’ pro-rata share of the Operating Partnership’s net income or net loss, respectively; (ii) decreased by distributions; (iii) decreased by redemption of partnership units for the Company’s common stock; and (iv) adjusted to equal the net equity of the Operating Partnership multiplied by the limited partners’ ownership percentage immediately after each issuance of units of the Operating Partnership and/or the Company’s common stock through an adjustment to additional paid-in capital. Net income or net loss is allocated to the noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership based on the weighted average percentage ownership throughout the period. Revenue Recognition – Revenue consists of amounts derived from hotel operations, including the sales of rooms, food and beverage, and other ancillary services. Room revenue is recognized over a customer’s hotel stay. Revenue from food and beverage and other ancillary services is generated when a customer chooses to purchase goods or services separately from a hotel room and revenue is recognized on these distinct goods and services at the point in time or over the time period that goods or services are provided to the customer. Some contracts for rooms or food and beverage services require an upfront deposit which is recorded as advanced deposits (or contract liabilities) shown on our consolidated balance sheets and recognized once the performance obligations are satisfied. Certain ancillary services are provided by third parties and the Company assesses whether it is the principal or agent in these arrangements. If the Company is the agent, revenue is recognized based upon the gross commission earned from the third party. If the Company is the principal, the Company recognizes revenue based upon the gross sales price. With respect to the hotel condominium rental programs that the Company operates at the Hyde Resort and Hyde Beach House, the Company has determined that it is an agent and recognizes revenue based on its share of revenue earned under the rental agency agreement. Certain of the Company’s hotels have retail spaces, restaurants or other spaces which the Company leases to third parties. Lease revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease and included in other operating revenues in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company collects sales, use, occupancy and similar taxes at its hotels which are presented on a net basis on the consolidated statements of operations. Lease Revenue – Several of our properties generate revenue from leasing commercial space adjacent to the hotel, the restaurant space within the hotel, apartment units and space on the roofs of our hotels for antennas and satellite dishes. We account for the lease income as revenue from other operating departments within the consolidated statements of operations pursuant to the terms of each lease. Lease revenue was approximately $ 0.2 million and $ 0.4 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and approximately $ 0.9 million and $ 1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively . A schedule of minimum future lease payments receivable for the remaining three and twelve-month periods is as follows:
Remaining three months ending December 31, 2022 $ 304,103
December 31, 2023 1,202,326
December 31, 2024 1,199,584
December 31, 2025 1,171,782
December 31, 2026 1,162,514
December 31, 2027 and thereafter 16,419,019
Total $ 21,459,328 Income Taxes – The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax. MHI TRS, our wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiary which leases our hotels from subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership, is subject to federal and state income taxes. We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is required for deferred tax assets if, based on all available evidence, it is “more-likely-than-not” that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset will or will not be realized due to the inability to generate sufficient taxable income in certain financial statement periods. The “more-likely-than-not” analysis means the likelihood of realization is greater than 50 %, that we either will or will not be able to fully utilize the deferred tax assets against future taxable income. The net amount of deferred tax assets that are recorded on the financial statements must reflect the tax benefits that are expected to be realized using these criteria. As of September 30, 2022, we have determined that it is more-likely-than-not that we will not be able to fully utilize our deferred tax assets for future tax consequences, therefore a 100 % valuation allowance is required. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, deferred tax assets each totaled $ 0 , respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 , we had no uncertain tax positions. Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. As of September 30, 2022, the tax years that remain subject to examination by the major tax jurisdictions to which the Company is subject generally include 2014 through 2021. In addition, as of September 30, 2022, the tax years that remain subject to examination by the major tax jurisdictions to which MHI TRS is subject, because of open NOL carryforwards, generally include 2014 through 2021. The Operating Partnership is generally not subject to federal and state income taxes as the unit holders of the Partnership are subject to tax on their respective shares of the Partnership’s taxable income. Stock-based Compensation – The Company’s 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”), which the Company’s stockholders approved in April 2013, permits the grant of stock options, restricted stock, unrestricted stock and performance share compensation awards to its employees and directors for up to 750,000 shares of common stock. The Company believes that such awards better align the interests of its employees with those of its stockholders. As of September 30, 2022, under the 2013 Plan, the Company has made cumulative stock awards totaling 745,160 shares, including 680,160 unrestricted shares and 65,000 restricted shares issued to certain executives and employees and to its independent directors. All awards have vested except for: 50,000 shares issued to certain employees, which will vest over the next eight years and 15,000 shares issued to the Company’s independent directors, which will vest by December 31, 2022 . Under the 2013 Plan, the Company was able to issue a variety of performance-based stock awards, including nonqualified stock options. The value of the awards is charged to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting or service period based on the value of the award as determined by the Company’s stock price on the date of grant or issuance. As of September 30, 2022 , no performance-based stock awards have been granted. Total compensation cost recognized under the 2013 Plan for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $ 364,692 and $ 18,195 , respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $ 853,271 and $ 499,351 , respectively . The Company’s 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”), which the Company’s stockholders approved in April 2022, permits the grant of stock options, restricted stock, unrestricted stock and performance share compensation awards to its employees and directors for up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock. All future awards will be made under the 2022 Plan. Under the 2022 Plan, the Company may issue a variety of performance-based stock awards, including nonqualified stock options. The value of the awards is charged to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting or service period based on the value of the award as determined by the Company’s stock price on the date of grant or issuance. As of September 30, 2022 , 167,390 performance-based stock awards have been granted. Additionally, the Company sponsors and maintains an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) and related trust for the benefit of its eligible employees. We reflect unearned ESOP shares as a reduction of stockholders’ equity. Dividends on unearned ESOP shares, when paid, are considered compensation expense. The Company recognizes compensation expense equal to the fair value of the Company’s ESOP shares during the periods in which they are committed to be released. For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the ESOP compensation cost was $ 13,871 and $ 21,538 , respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the ESOP compensation cost was $ 42,674 and $ 65,709 , respectively. To the extent that the fair value of the Company’s ESOP shares differs from the cost of such shares, the differential is recognized as additional paid in capital. Because the ESOP is internally leveraged through a loan from the Company to the ESOP, the loan receivable by the Company from the ESOP is not reported as an asset nor is the debt of the ESOP shown as a liability in the consolidated financial statements. Advertising – Advertising costs, including internet advertising, were $ 559,981 , and $ 473,024 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $ 1,717,399 and $ 1,248,607 , respectively . Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Involuntary Conversion of Assets – We record gains or losses on involuntary conversions of assets due to recovered insurance proceeds to the extent the undepreciated cost of a nonmonetary asset differs from the amount of monetary proceeds received. The gain on involuntary conversion of assets, is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Comprehensive Income – Comprehensive income as defined, includes all changes in equity during a period from non-owner sources. We do not have any items of comprehensive income other than net income. Segment Information – We have determined that our business is conducted in one reportable segment: hotel ownership. Use of Estimates – The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. New Accounting Pronouncements – In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform – Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting , which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the existing guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). The update provides guidance in accounting for changes in contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions as a result of this reference rate reform. The option expedients and exceptions contained within this update, in general, only apply to contract amendments and modifications entered into prior to January 1, 2023. The provisions of this update will most likely affect our financial reporting process relating to modifications of contracts with lenders and the hedging contracts associated with each respective modified borrowing contract. In general, the provision of the update would benefit us by allowing modifications of debt contracts with lenders that fall under the guidance of ASC Topic 740 to be accounted for as a non-substantial modification and not be considered debt extinguishment. As of September 30, 2022, we may have an additional contract modification as it directly relates to reference rate reform, with the exception of modifications to the mortgages on the Whitehall in Houston, Texas, which changed the reference rate from LIBOR to the New York Prime Rate, and on Hotel Alba Tampa, Tapestry Collection in Tampa, Florida, which changed the reference rate from LIBOR to SOFR. We adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2022. |
