Roblox (RBLX) 10-K 28 Feb 23 2022 FY Annual report Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Feb. 15, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-04321
Entity Registrant Name	Roblox Corporation
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-0991664
Entity Address, Address Line One	970 Park Place
Entity Address, City or Town	San Mateo
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94403
City Area Code	888
Local Phone Number	858-2569
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A common stock, par value of $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	RBLX
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 12
Documents Incorporated by Reference	DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Registrants’ definitive proxy statement relating to its 2023 annual meeting of shareholders (the “2023 Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. The 2023 Proxy Statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.
Entity Central Index Key	0001315098
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false
Common Class A
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		553,798,118
Common Class B
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		51,337,302

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Auditor Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Auditor Location	San Jose, California
Auditor Firm ID	34

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,977,474	$ 3,004,300
Accounts receivable—net of allowances	379,353	307,349
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	61,641	32,091
Deferred cost of revenue, current portion	420,136	406,025
Total current assets	3,838,604	3,749,765
Property and equipment—net	592,346	271,352
Operating lease right-of-use assets	526,030	221,285
Deferred cost of revenue, long-term	225,132	137,524
Intangible assets, net	54,717	59,666
Goodwill	134,335	118,071
Other assets	4,323	2,933
Total assets	5,375,487	4,560,596
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	71,182	64,395
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	236,006	180,769
Developer exchange liability	231,704	163,906
Deferred revenue—current portion	1,941,943	1,758,022
Total current liabilities	2,480,835	2,167,092
Deferred revenue—net of current portion	1,095,291	616,834
Operating lease liabilities	494,590	194,616
Long-term debt, net	988,984	987,723
Other long-term liabilities	10,752	1,408
Total liabilities	5,070,452	3,967,673
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock issued, value	59	58
Additional paid-in capital	2,213,603	1,568,638
Accumulated other comprehensive income	671	62
Accumulated deficit	(1,908,307)	(983,941)
Total Roblox Corporation Stockholders’ equity	306,026	584,817
Noncontrolling interests	(991)	8,106
Total Stockholders’ equity	305,035	592,923
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ equity	$ 5,375,487	$ 4,560,596

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	604,674	585,878
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	604,674	585,878
Common Class A
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	4,935,000	4,935,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	553,337	534,541
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	553,337	534,541
Common Class B
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	65,000	65,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	51,337	51,337
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	51,337	51,337

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue		$ 2,225,052	$ 1,919,181	$ 923,885
Cost and expenses:
Cost of revenue	[1]	547,658	496,870	239,898
Developer exchange fees		623,855	538,321	328,740
Infrastructure and trust & safety		689,081	456,498	264,226
Research and development		873,477	533,207	201,433
General and administrative		297,317	303,020	97,341
Sales and marketing		117,448	86,363	58,384
Total cost and expenses		3,148,836	2,414,279	1,190,022
Loss from operations		(923,784)	(495,098)	(266,137)
Interest income		38,842	92	1,822
Interest expense		(39,903)	(6,998)	0
Other income/(expense), net		(5,744)	(1,796)	(32)
Loss before income taxes		(930,589)	(503,800)	(264,347)
Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes		3,552	(320)	(6,656)
Consolidated net loss		(934,141)	(503,480)	(257,691)
Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest		(9,775)	(11,829)	(4,437)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders		$ (924,366)	$ (491,651)	$ (253,254)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)		$ (1.55)	$ (0.97)	$ (1.39)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)		$ (1.55)	$ (0.97)	$ (1.39)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders—basic (in shares)		595,559,000	505,858,000	182,108,000
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders—diluted (in shares)		595,559,000	505,858,000	182,108,000
[1]Depreciation of servers and infrastructure equipment included in infrastructure and trust & safety.

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Consolidated net loss	$ (934,141)	$ (503,480)	$ (257,691)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	1,287	(55)	168
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale marketable securities	0	0	(33)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	1,287	(55)	135
Total comprehensive loss, including noncontrolling interests	(932,854)	(503,535)	(257,556)
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(9,775)	(11,829)	(4,437)
Less: cumulative translation adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests	678	(27)	84
Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax	(9,097)	(11,856)	(4,353)
Total comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (923,757)	$ (491,679)	$ (253,203)

Consolidated Statements of Conv

Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity/(Deficit) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		Total	Series A Preferred Stock	Series D Preferred Stock	Convertible Preferred Stock	Convertible Preferred Stock Series D One Warrants	Convertible Preferred Stock Series G Preferred Stock	Convertible Preferred Stock Series A Preferred Stock	Convertible Preferred Stock Series D Preferred Stock	Convertible Preferred Stock Series H Preferred Stock	Class A and Class B Common Stock	Class A and Class B Common Stock Series A Preferred Stock	Class A and Class B Common Stock Series D Preferred Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Additional Paid-In Capital Series A Preferred Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital Series D Preferred Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Accumulated Deficit	Non- Controlling Interest
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019					324,304
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019					$ 187,191
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of preferred stock (in shares)							23,645
Issuance of preferred stock							$ 149,669
Issuance of Series D-1 warrants upon exercise of warrants for cash (in shares)	[1]					1,573
Issuance of Series D-1 warrants upon exercise of warrants for cash	[1]					$ 8,225
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock (in shares)								(11,642)	(645)
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock								$ (233)	$ (25)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		337,235			337,235
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2020					$ 344,827
Balance beginning (Shares) at Dec. 31, 2019											166,768
Balance beginning at Dec. 31, 2019		$ (112,949)									$ 17			$ 101,671			$ 39	$ (239,036)	$ 24,360
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options and settlement of RSUs (in shares)											20,871
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options and settlement of RSUs		15,158									$ 2			15,156
Issuance of common stock from asset purchase (in shares)											80
Issuance of common stock from asset purchase		$ 2,854												2,854
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)		20,590
Issuance of common stock in connection with the acquisition of a business (in shares)											933
Issuance of unregistered restricted stock awards in connection with the acquisition of a business		$ 35,203												35,203
Issuance of unregistered restricted stock awards granted in conjunction with a business combination (in shares)											388
Issuance of unregistered restricted stock awards granted in conjunction with a business combination		5,493												5,493
Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock in connection with the direct listing (in shares)												11,642	645
Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock in connection with the direct listing			$ 233	$ 25								$ 1			$ 232	$ 25
Stock-based compensation		79,158												79,158
Other		(33)															(33)
Cumulative translation adjustments		168															84		84
Consolidated net loss		(257,691)																(253,254)	(4,437)
Balance ending (Shares) at Dec. 31, 2020											201,327
Balance ending at Dec. 31, 2020		$ (232,381)									$ 20			239,792			90	(492,290)	20,007
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of preferred stock (in shares)										11,889
Issuance of preferred stock										$ 534,286
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock (in shares)					(349,124)
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock					$ (879,113)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021					0
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021					$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)		33,373									33,372
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options		$ 65,242									$ 3			65,284					(45)
Issuance of common stock in connection with the acquisition of a business (in shares)											487
Issuance of unregistered restricted stock awards in connection with the acquisition of a business		31,274												31,274
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)											191
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan		11,268												11,268
Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock in connection with the direct listing (in shares)											349,124
Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock in connection with the direct listing		879,113									$ 35			879,078
Stock-based compensation		341,942												341,942
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)											1,376
Others (in shares)											1
Other		0																	0
Cumulative translation adjustments		(55)															(28)		(27)
Consolidated net loss		(503,480)																(491,651)	(11,829)
Balance ending (Shares) at Dec. 31, 2021											585,878
Balance ending at Dec. 31, 2021		$ 592,923									$ 58			1,568,638			62	(983,941)	8,106
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022					0
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022					$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)		9,615									9,615
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options		$ 22,778									$ 1			22,777					0
Issuance of common stock in connection with the acquisition of a business (in shares)											385
Issuance of unregistered restricted stock awards in connection with the acquisition of a business		10,138												10,138
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)											575
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan		22,702												22,702
Stock-based compensation		589,498												589,498
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)											8,169
Withholding taxes related to net share settlement of restricted stock units (in shares)											(3)
Withholding taxes related to net share settlement of restricted stock units		(150)												(150)
Others (in shares)											55
Other		0
Cumulative translation adjustments		1,287															609		678
Consolidated net loss		(934,141)																(924,366)	(9,775)
Balance ending (Shares) at Dec. 31, 2022											604,674
Balance ending at Dec. 31, 2022		$ 305,035									$ 59			$ 2,213,603			$ 671	$ (1,908,307)	$ (991)
[1]Exercise of warrants for gross proceeds of $0.1 million and a reclassification of warrant liability fair market value of $8.1 million as of the exercise date

Consolidated Statements of Co_2

Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity/(Deficit) (Parenthetical) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	$ 0.1
Reclassification of warrant liability fair market value	$ 8.1

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Consolidated net loss	$ (934,141)	$ (503,480)	$ (257,691)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss including noncontrolling interests to net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by operations:
Depreciation and amortization	130,083	75,622	43,808
Stock-based compensation expense	589,498	341,942	79,158
Change in fair value of warrants	0	0	1,890
Operating lease non-cash expense	69,100	43,794	0
Other non-cash charges/(credits)	361	680	1,139
Amortization of debt issuance costs	1,261	216	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	(72,479)	(61,044)	(156,865)
Accounts payable	10,302	23,369	4,488
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(33,769)	(13,593)	(4,826)
Other assets	(1,221)	(1,367)	1,373
Developer exchange liability	67,798	82,994	49,905
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	19,560	58,809	30,906
Other long-term liability	10,159	(1,189)	(4,460)
Operating lease liabilities	(47,875)	(34,743)	0
Deferred revenue	662,378	819,927	965,919
Deferred cost of revenue	(101,719)	(172,828)	(230,404)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by operating activities	369,296	659,109	524,340
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment	(426,163)	(93,273)	(104,153)
Payments related to business combination, net of cash acquired	(13,388)	(45,692)	(40,919)
Purchases of short-term investments	0	0	(5,991)
Maturities of short-term investments	0	0	63,000
Purchases of intangible assets	(1,500)	(7,856)	(8,967)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in investing activities	(441,051)	(146,821)	(97,030)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock for warrant exercises	0	0	147
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	45,752	76,177	15,156
Payment of term license related obligations	(1,656)	0	0
Payment of withholding taxes related to net share settlement of restricted stock units	(150)	0	0
Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock	0	534,286	149,669
Proceeds from 2030 Notes	0	990,000	0
Payment of debt issuance costs	(154)	(2,339)	0
Payments Related To Business Combination After Acquisition Date	(150)	0	0
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by financing activities	43,642	1,598,124	164,972
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	1,287	(55)	168
Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(26,826)	2,110,357	592,450
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Beginning balance	3,004,300	893,943	301,493
Ending balance	2,977,474	3,004,300	893,943
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	38,965	0	0
Cash paid for income taxes	953	0	0
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Property and equipment additions in accounts payable and accrued expenses	57,199	50,388	13,990
Fair value of common stock and unregistered restricted units issued as consideration for business combination	10,138	31,274	40,696
Fair value of common stock issued in exchange for intangible asset purchase	0	0	2,854
Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock upon direct listing	0	879,113	0
Unpaid debt issuance costs	$ 0	$ 154	$ 0

Overview and Summary of Signifi

Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Organization and Description of Business —Roblox Corporation (the “Company” or “Roblox”) was incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware in March 2004. The Company operates a human co-experience platform (the “Roblox Platform” or “Platform”) where users interact with each other to explore and create immersive, user-generated, 3D experiences. Users are free to immerse themselves in experiences on the Roblox Platform and can acquire experience-specific enhancements or avatar items by using purchased Robux, our virtual currency. Any user can be a developer or creator on the Platform using Roblox Studio, a set of free software tools. Developers build the experiences that are published on Roblox and can earn Robux through microtransactions in their experiences, through engagement-based payouts, and by selling virtual items in the Roblox virtual economy. Direct Listing —On March 10, 2021, the Company completed a direct listing of its Class A common stock (“Direct Listing”) on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). The Company incurred fees primarily related to financial advisory service, audit and legal expenses, in connection with the Direct Listing and recorded general and administrative expenses of $50.7 million during the first quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021. Immediately prior to the Direct Listing, all shares of outstanding convertible preferred stock were converted into an equivalent number of shares of Class A common stock. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Fiscal Year —The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31. For example, references to fiscal 2022, 2021, and 2020 refer to the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. Basis of Presentation —The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Principles of Consolidation —The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries over which the Company has control. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The consolidated financial statements include 100% of the accounts of wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries, and the ownership interest of minority investors is recorded as noncontrolling interest. Use of Estimates —The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the estimated period of time the virtual items are available to the user, which is estimated as the average lifetime of a paying user, and the estimated amount of consumable and durable virtual items purchased for which the Company lacks specific information that we use for revenue recognition, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, fair value of assets and liabilities acquired through acquisitions, accrued liabilities (including accrued developer exchange fees), contingent liabilities, valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, stock-based compensation, the discount rate used in measuring our operating lease liabilities, the carrying value of operating lease right-of-use assets, and evaluation of recoverability of goodwill, intangible assets and long-lived assets. Management believes that the estimates, and judgments upon which they rely, are reasonable based upon information available to them at the time that these estimates and judgments are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s consolidated financial statements will be affected. The COVID-19 pandemic has created, and may continue to create, significant uncertainty in macroeconomic conditions. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic or recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact the global economy, the lasting social effects, and impact on the Company’s business, results of operations, and financial condition are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted. As events continue to evolve and additional information becomes available, the Company’s estimates and assumptions may change materially in future periods. Foreign Currency Transactions — The functional currency of the Company’s international subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar, with the exception of a Chinese subsidiary wholly owned by Roblox China Holding Corp., as discussed in Note 14, “Joint Venture” to the notes to these consolidated financial statements. We translate the financial statements of our non-U.S. dollar functional subsidiary to U.S. dollars using the period-end exchange rate for assets and liabilities and the average exchange rate for the period for revenues and expenses. The effects of foreign currency translation are included in stockholders’ equity/(deficit) as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and periodic movements are summarized as a line item in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. We reflect foreign exchange transaction gains and losses resulting from the conversion of the transaction currency to the functional currency, which includes gains and losses from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities, as a component of other income (expense), net. Stock Split —On January 31, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to its certificate of incorporation to effect a split of shares of the issued and outstanding common stock and convertible preferred stock at a 2-for-1 ratio. The stock split was approved by the Company’s stockholders and effected on January 31, 2020. All issued and outstanding shares of common stock and convertible preferred stock, dividend rates, conversion rates, options to purchase common stock, exercise prices, and the related per-share amounts contained in these consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to reflect this stock split for all periods presented. Segments — The Company operates as a single operating and reportable segment, which is at the consolidated entity level. The chief operating decision maker of the Company is its chief executive officer (“CEO”), who makes resource allocation decisions and assesses performance based on financial information presented on a consolidated basis. Revenue Recognition Revenue Recognition Policy In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, revenue is recognized when control of the service is transferred to the customer. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for these services. To achieve the core principle of this standard, the Company determines revenue recognition by: • identifying the contract, or contracts, with the customer; • identifying the performance obligations in the contract; • determining the transaction price; • allocating the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract; and • recognizing revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies performance obligations by transferring the promised services. The Company derives substantially all of its revenue from the sale of virtual items on the Roblox Platform. Roblox Platform The Company operates the Roblox Platform as live services that allow users to play and socialize with others for free. Within the experience, however, users can purchase virtual currency (“Robux”) to obtain virtual items to enhance their social experience. Proceeds from the sale of Robux are initially recorded in deferred revenue and recognized as revenues as a user purchases and uses virtual items. The Company’s identified performance obligation is to provide users with the ability to acquire, use, and hold virtual items on the Roblox Platform over the estimated period of time the virtual items are available to the user or until the virtual items are consumed. Users can purchase Robux as one-time purchases or through monthly subscriptions via payment processors or through prepaid cards. Payments from users are non-refundable and relate to non-cancellable contracts for a fixed price that specify Company’s obligations. Revenue is recorded net of taxes assessed by government authorities that are both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue transactions between the Company and its users, and estimated chargebacks and refunds. The satisfaction of Company’s performance obligation is dependent on the nature of the virtual item purchased and as a result, the Company categorizes its virtual items as either consumable or durable. • Consumable virtual items represent items that can be consumed by a specific user action. Common characteristics of consumable virtual items may include items that are no longer displayed on the user’s inventory after a short period of time or do not provide the user any continuing benefit following consumption. For the sale of consumable virtual items, the Company recognizes revenue as the items are consumed. • Durable virtual items represent items which result in a persistent change to a users’ character or item set (e.g., virtual hat, pet, or house). These items are generally available to the customer to hold, use, or display for as long as they are on the Roblox Platform. The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of durable virtual items ratably over the estimated period of time the items are available to the user which is estimated as the average lifetime of a paying user. To separately account for consumable and durable virtual items, the Company specifically identifies each purchase for the majority of virtual items purchased on the Roblox Platform. For the remaining population, the Company estimates the amount of consumable and durable virtual items purchased based on data from specifically identified purchases and the expected behavior of the users within similar experiences. The estimation of consumable and durable virtual items purchased for the population of purchases not specifically identified requires management’s judgment as the Company evaluates and estimates the expected behavior of users in the population using information from known purchases in similar experiences. The average lifetime of a paying user estimate is calculated based on historical monthly retention data for each user cohort to project future participation on the Roblox Platform. Determining the estimated average lifetime of a paying user requires management’s judgment as the Company analyzes the most recent trends in player cohort activity and other qualitative factors. The Company also considers results from prior analyses in determining the estimated average lifetime of a paying user. The Company believes this estimate is the best representation of the average life of the durable virtual items. The estimated paying user life was 28 months, 23 months, and 23 months as of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. As part of the process above, in the first quarter of 2022, the Company updated its estimated paying user life to 25 months, which was subsequently updated again to 28 months in the third quarter of 2022. Based on the carrying amount of deferred revenue and deferred cost of revenue as of December 31, 2021, these changes in estimates resulted in a decrease in revenue of $344.9 million and a decrease in cost of revenue of $79.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company offers prepaid cards through online and physical retailers, as well as on the Company website. The Company estimates expected breakage by taking into consideration historical patterns of redemption and escheatment laws as applicable. Principal Agent Considerations The Company evaluates the sales of Robux via third-party payment processors to determine whether its revenues should be reported gross or net of fees either retained by the payment processor or paid to the developers and creators (“Developer Exchange Fees”). The Company is the principal in the transaction with the end user as a result of controlling, hosting, and integrating the delivery of the virtual items to the end user. The Company records revenue gross as a principal and records fees paid to payment processors as a component of cost of revenue and fees paid to developers and creators as a component of developer exchange fees expense. Other Revenue Other revenue primarily consists of revenue from advertising, licenses, and royalties. The Company recognizes revenue based on the performance obligations of the underlying agreements, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to. Cost of Revenue —Cost of revenue primarily consists of payment processing fees charged by various distribution channels. Deferred Cost of Revenue —The Company defers contract costs that are direct and incremental to obtaining user contracts (i.e., sales of Robux). Deferred cost of revenue consists of payment processing fees charged by third-party payment processors. Payment processing fees are amortized over the estimated period of time the virtual items are available to the user on the Roblox Platform (based on the nature of the virtual item as either consumable or durable) in proportion to the revenue recognized. The Company classifies deferred cost of revenue as short-term or long-term based on when the Company expects to recognize the expense. Short-term and long-term deferred cost of revenue are included on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Deferred cost of revenue is periodically reviewed for impairment. Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers —Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivables. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited with high quality financial institutions and may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s deposits are financially creditworthy and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to those balances. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and, therefore, bear minimal interest rate risk. The Company uses various distribution channels to collect and remit payments from users. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, one distribution channel accounted for 37% and 35% of our accounts receivable, respectively, while a second distribution channel accounted for 19% of our accounts receivable as of both periods. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, one distribution channel processed 32%, 35%, and 35% of our overall revenue transactions, respectively, and a second distribution channel processed 18%, 19%, and 19% of our overall revenue transactions, respectively. Fair Value Hierarchy —Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated financial statements are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Hierarchical levels, which are directly related to the amount of subjectivity, associated with the inputs to the valuation of these assets or liabilities are as follows: Level 1 —Inputs that are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Level 2 —Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level 1) that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life. Level 3 —Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities and which reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model. In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash —Cash and cash equivalents primarily consisted of cash in hand and money market instruments with maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase. We had no restricted cash balances as of December 31, 2022, and 2021. Accounts Receivable and Related Allowance — Accounts receivable represent amounts due to us based on contractual obligations with our customers. Payments made by the Company’s users are collected by payment processors and remitted to the Company generally within 30 days of invoicing. The Company maintains allowances for potential credit losses when deemed necessary. The Company has not experienced any material credit losses to date. In cases where the Company is aware of circumstances that may impair a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations, it records a specific allowance as a reduction to the accounts receivable balance to reduce it to its net realizable value. In addition, the Company holds a reserve for chargebacks and refunds based on historical data and current trends and projections. Specific allowances, chargeback, and refund reserves have not been material for any of the periods presented. Property and Equipment—Net — Property and equipment are recorded at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are recorded on a straight line basis over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. The estimated useful life for each asset category is as follows: Property and Equipment Estimated Useful Life Servers and related equipment 5 years Computer hardware and software 2 - 5 years Furniture and fixtures 2 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of 10 years or remaining lease term Goodwill and Intangible Assets —Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination and is allocated to reporting units expected to benefit from the business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but rather tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired. When conducting our annual goodwill impairment assessment, we perform a quantitative evaluation by comparing the estimated fair value of our single reporting unit, determined using the Company’s market capitalization as of the testing date, to its carrying value. Goodwill impairment is recognized when the quantitative assessment results in the carrying value exceeding the fair value, in which case an impairment charge is recorded to the extent the carrying value exceeds the fair value. There were no impairment charges to goodwill during any of the periods presented. Intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. Intangible assets with finite lives are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the respective asset, generally up to five years. Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions —To determine whether a transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition or business combination, the Company applies a screen test to evaluate if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If the screen test does not result in substantially all of the fair value concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the Company performs a second test to evaluate whether the assets and activities transferred include inputs and substantive processes that together, significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs, which would constitute a business. If the result of the second test indicates that the acquired assets and activities constitute a business, the Company accounts for the transaction as a business combination. For business combinations, the purchase consideration is allocated to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on their respective estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over their fair values is recorded as goodwill. The Company’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable, and as a result, actual results may differ from estimates . As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year following the acquisition date, if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these assets and liabilities, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company accounts for a transaction as an asset acquisition when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, or otherwise does not meet the definition of a business. Asset acquisition-related costs are capitalized as part of the asset or assets acquired. Software Development Costs —The Company incurs costs related to developing the Roblox Platform and related support systems. The Company capitalizes development costs when preliminary development efforts are successfully completed, management has authorized and committed project funding, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used as intended. Development costs meeting the Company’s capitalization criteria were not material during the periods presented. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets— The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used when indicators of impairment exist. The carrying value of a long-lived asset to be held and used is considered impaired when the estimated separately identifiable undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than the carrying value of the asset. In that event, an impairment loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived asset. Significant judgment is required to estimate the amount and timing of future cash flows and the relative risk of achieving those cash flows. Assumptions and estimates about future values and remaining useful lives are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in the Company’s business strategy and internal forecasts. There were no impairment charges of long-lived assets recorded during any of the periods presented. Developer Exchange Fees Expense —The Company has established an incentive program for developers and creators to build and operate virtual worlds within the Roblox environment. Developers and creators may charge other users virtual currency to participate in their world. Under certain conditions as outlined in the Developer Exchange Program agreement with developers and creators, and in compliance with applicable law, these developers and creators can receive a cash payout based on the amount of accumulated earned Robux. The Company recognizes the expense as Robux are earned by qualified developers. Infrastructure and Trust & Safety Expense —Infrastructure and trust & safety expense consists primarily of expenses related to the operation of our data centers and technical infrastructure in order to deliver our Platform to our users and are expensed as incurred. Infrastructure expenses also include personnel costs and allocated overhead for employees and team members whose primary responsibilities relate to supporting our infrastructure and trust & safety initiatives. Research and Development Cost — Research and development costs consist primarily of personnel costs and allocated overhead and are expensed as incurred. Stock-Based Compensation Expense — The Company measures and recognizes stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards, including stock options, unregistered restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance stock units (“PSUs”) granted to employees, directors, and non-employees, and stock purchase rights granted under the 2020 ESPP to employees, based on the estimated grant date fair value of the awards. The fair value of each stock option and stock purchase right granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires certain subjective inputs and assumptions, including the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock, the expected term, risk-free interest rates, expected stock price volatility, and expected dividend yield of our Class A common stock. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the option awards represent management’s best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. These assumptions and estimates are as follows: • Fair value of Class A common stock— Prior to the Direct Listing, the fair value of the shares of Class A common stock underlying the stock options and RSUs has historically been determined by the Company’s Board of Directors along with management as there was no public market for the underlying common stock. The Company’s Board of Directors along with management determined the fair value of the Company’s common stock by considering a number of objective and subjective factors including: contemporaneous third-party valuations of its common stock, the valuation of comparable companies, sales of the Company’s common and convertible preferred stock to outside investors in arms-length transactions, the Company’s operating and financial performance, the lack of marketability, and the general and industry specific economic outlook, amongst other factors. After the completion of the Direct listing, the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock is determined based on the NYSE closing price on the date of grant. • Expected term—The expected term represents the period stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The expected term assumptions are determined based on the vesting terms, estimated exercise behavior, post-vesting cancellations and contractual lives of the awards. • Risk-free interest rates—The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yields in effect at the time of the grant of U.S. Treasury notes with terms approximately equal to the expected term of the award. • Expected stock price volatility— Prior to the Direct Listing, the Company used the historical volatility of the Class A common stock price of similar publicly-traded peer companies. After the completion of the Direct Listing, the Company continues to use the historical volatility of the stock price of similar publicly traded peer companies since it has not established sufficient public trading history. • Expected dividend yield—The Company utilizes a dividend yield of zero, as it has no history or plan of declaring dividends on its common stock. RSUs granted by the Company prior to March 2021 vest upon the satisfaction of both a service-based vesting condition, which is typically four years, and a liquidity event-related performance vesting condition. The liquidity event-related performance vesting condition was satisfied on March 2, 2021 (the “Effective Date”) and the Company recorded a cumulative stock-based compensation expense as of the Direct Listing date for those RSUs for which the service-based vesting condition has been satisfied. Stock-based compensation related to the remaining service-based period after the liquidity event-related performance vesting condition was satisfied is recorded over the remaining requisite service period using the accelerated attribution method. For RSUs granted subsequent to the Direct Listing, we recognize stock-based compensation expense based on grant date fair value on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. Th e grant date fair value of our Class A common stock associated with our RSUs granted subsequent to the Direct Listing is determined based on the NYSE closing price on the date of grant. In February 2021, the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors granted the CEO a Long-Term Performance Award (“CEO Long-Term Performance Award”), an RSU award that includes a service and a market condition. The fair value of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of the common stock underlying the award was determined by the Company’s Board of Directors along with management by considering a number of objective and subjective factors. The Company estimated the expected term based on the time period from the valuation date to the end of the performance period. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes. The expected volatility is derived from the historical stock volatility of selected peers over a period equivalent to the expected term of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award. The associated stock-based compensation is recorded over the derived service period, using the accelerated attribution method. If the stock price goals are met sooner than the derived service period, the Company will adjust the stock-based compensation expense to reflect the cumulative expense associated with the vested portion of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award. Provided that David Baszucki continues to be the CEO of the Company, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the derived service period, regardless of whether the stock price goals are achieved. The Company records forfeitures when they occur for all stock-based awards. Advertising Expense —Costs for advertising are primarily expensed as incurred and are included in sales and marketing expense in our consolidated statement of operations. Advertising costs totaled $36.2 million, $26.8 million, and $25.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 respectively. Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share —For the year ended December 31, 2020, basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. The Company considers all series of its convertible preferred stock to be participating securities as the holders of such stock have the right to receive nonforfeitable dividends on a pari passu basis in the event that a dividend is paid on common stock. Under the two-class method, the net loss attributable to common stockholders is not allocated to the convertible preferred stock as the preferred stockholders do not have a contractual obligation to share in the Company’s losses. For all years presented, basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents to the extent they are dilutive. For purposes of this calculation, convertible preferred stock, stock options, RSAs, convertible preferred stock warrants, and common stock warrants, as applicable, are considered to be com

Revenue from Contracts with Cus

Revenue from Contracts with Customers	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Abstract]
Revenue from Contracts with Customers	Revenue from Contracts with Customers Disaggregation of Revenue The following table summarizes revenue by region based on the billing country of users (in thousands, except percentages): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage United States and Canada (1) $ 1,465,955 66 % $ 1,298,938 68 % $ 638,354 69 % Europe 404,431 18 357,656 19 168,303 18 Asia-Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand 204,261 8 145,464 7 70,530 8 Rest of world 150,405 7 117,123 6 46,698 5 Total $ 2,225,052 100 % $ 1,919,181 100 % $ 923,885 100 % (1) The Company’s revenues in the U.S. were 62%, 63%, and 65% of consolidated revenues for each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. No individual country, other than those disclosed above, exceeded 10% of the Company’s total revenue for any period presented. Durable virtual items accounted for 90%, 89%, and 87% of Roblox Platform revenue in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Consumable virtual items accounted for 10%, 11%, and 13% of Roblox Platform revenue in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Deferred Revenue The Company receives payments from its users based on the payment terms established in its contracts. Such payments are initially recorded to deferred revenue and are recognized into revenue as the Company satisfies its performance obligations. The aggregate amount of revenue allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations is included in our deferred revenue balances. The increase in the deferred revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 was driven by sales during the period exceeding revenue recognized from the satisfaction our performance obligations, which includes the revenue recognized during the period that was included in the current portion deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period.

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Leases	Leases The Company has operating leases for real estate and co-located data centers. The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Operating lease expense $ 90,933 $ 53,442 Variable and short-term lease expense $ 11,586 $ 3,860 As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had short-term operating lease liabilities totaling $73.2 million and $51.3 million, respectively, included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities The following table presents future lease payments under the Company’s non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2023 $ 63,226 2024 114,195 2025 103,100 2026 88,077 2027 66,767 Thereafter 303,844 Total lease payments $ 739,209 Less: imputed interest (1) 171,384 Present value of lease liabilities $ 567,825 (1) Calculated using each lease’s incremental borrowing rate. In addition, the Company has executed operating leases for real estate and co-located data centers which have not commenced as of December 31, 2022. The non-cancellable lease payments for these leases totaled $354.5 million as of December 31, 2022, with lease terms ranging between 7 to 12 years. Of the above amount, approximately $212.5 million pertains to a lease signed by the Company on March 10, 2022 for office space in San Mateo, California of approximately 218,554 square feet, with a term of approximately 12 years and two renewal options of 5 years each. The Company expects to obtain possession of the office space in the second quarter of 2023. In addition, the Company expects to receive $22.9 million in tenant improvement allowance for the office space. The following table presents the weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: As of December 31, 2022 2021 Weighted average remaining lease term 7.8 5.8 Weighted average discount rate 5.5 % 4.0 % Supplemental cash and noncash information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities (1) $ 70,515 $ 52,942 Lease liabilities arising from obtaining new right-of-use assets (noncash) $ 373,844 $ 70,068 (1) The years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 excludes $1.8 million and $9.1 million, respectively, of leasehold incentives received from the landlord.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements Financial Assets The composition of our financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are set forth below (in thousands): Fair Value Fair Value Hierarchy December 31, Financial Instrument 2022 2021 Financial Assets: Money market funds classified as cash equivalents Level 1 $ 1,903,880 $ 2,853,055 Financial Liabilities The Company’s financial liabilities that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of its 2030 Notes. Refer to Note 8, “Debt” to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the estimated fair value of the 2030 Notes was approximately $788.2 million and $1,016.2 million, respectively, determined based on the trading price of the 2030 Notes on the last trading day of the reporting period in an inactive market, which represents a Level 2 input.

Acquisitions

Acquisitions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Acquisitions	Acquisitions Byfron Technologies, LLC Acquisition On October 11, 2022 (the “Byfron Acquisition Date”), the Company acquired all outstanding equity interests of Byfron Technologies, LLC (“Byfron”), a privately-held company that operates a security and anti-cheat software for game publishers. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. The consideration totaled $9.6 million, which included $2.0 million of cash to be held back for 18 months following the Byfron Acquisition Date. The aggregate purchase consideration comprised of the following (in thousands): Fair Value Cash paid $ 7,603 Cash holdback 2,000 Total purchase price $ 9,603 In connection with the acquisition, the Company also entered into agreements with the Byfron founders, which provide them $9.6 million over a three year service period following the Byfron Acquisition Date, subject to their continued service with the Company during that period. The agreements were determined to primarily benefit the Company and were recognized separate from the business combination. The expense associated with these agreements will be recognized ratably over the requisite service period of three years as a component of research and development expense. The following table summarizes the Company’s allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Byfron Acquisition Date (in thousands): October 11, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents $ 380 Goodwill 3,882 Identified intangible assets 5,500 Other assets 169 Other current liabilities $ (328) Total purchase price $ 9,603 The following table presents details of the identifiable assets acquired (in thousands, except estimated useful life): Carrying Estimated Useful Life (Years) Developed technology $ 5,500 5 Total $ 5,500 Goodwill is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and anticipated synergies arising from the acquisition. The goodwill recorded in the acquisition is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Hamul, Inc. Acquisition On April 1, 2022 (“Hamul Acquisition Date”), the Company acquired all outstanding equity interests of Hamul, Inc. (“Hamul”) a privately-held company that provides a platform for connecting gaming communities. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. The fair value of the consideration transferred was $19.3 million, which consisted of $9.2 million paid in cash and 385,093 shares of Class A common stock with a fair value of $4.0 million. The aggregate purchase consideration was comprised of the following (in thousands): Fair Value Cash paid $ 9,185 Common stock issued 4,009 Replacement awards attributable to pre-acquisition service 6,129 Total purchase price $ 19,323 In connection with the acquisition, the Company entered into a stock-based consideration revesting agreement with the Hamul founders. The portion of the fair value of the common stock associated with pre-acquisition service of the Hamul founders represented a component of the total purchase consideration, as presented above. The remaining fair value of $7.6 million of these issued shares was excluded from the purchase price. These shares, which are subject to the recipients’ continued service with the Company, will be recognized ratably as stock-based compensation expense as a component of research and development expense over the requisite service period of 3 years following the Hamul Acquisition Date. The total purchase consideration was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired, and liabilities assumed, based upon their respective fair values as of the date of the acquisition. Management determined the preliminary fair values based on a number of factors. The excess of the purchase price over the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is attributable to the assembled workforce and anticipated synergies arising from the acquisition. The goodwill recognized is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The following table summarizes the Company’s preliminary allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Hamul Acquisition Date (in thousands): April 1, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,020 Goodwill 12,382 Identified intangible assets 4,500 Deferred tax liabilities (579) Total purchase price $ 19,323 The following table presents details of the identifiable assets acquired (in thousands, except estimated useful life): Carrying Estimated Useful Life (Years) Developed technology $ 4,500 5 Total $ 4,500 Guilded Acquisition On August 16, 2021 (the “Guilded Acquisition Date”), the Company acquired all outstanding equity interests of Guilded, Inc., (“Guilded”), a privately-held company that operates a communications platform for connecting gaming communities. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. The fair value of the consideration transferred was $77.6 million, which consisted of $46.3 million paid in cash and 0.5 million shares of Roblox’s Class A common stock with a fair value of $31.3 million. The aggregate purchase consideration for Guilded was comprised of the following (in thousands): Fair Value Cash paid $ 46,285 Roblox Class A common stock issued 22,744 Replacement awards attributable to pre-acquisition service 8,530 Total purchase price $ 77,559 The acquisition-related costs were not material and were recorded as general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021. In connection with the acquisition, the Company entered into a stock-based consideration revesting agreement with the Guilded founder. The portion of the fair value of the common stock associated with pre-acquisition service of the Guilded founder represented a component of the total purchase consideration, as presented above. The remaining fair value of $8.5 million of these issued shares was excluded from the purchase price. These shares, which are subject to the recipients’ continued service with the Company, will be recognized ratably as stock-based compensation expense as a component of research and development expense over the requisite service period of 3 years. The total purchase consideration of the Guilded acquisition was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired, and liabilities assumed, based upon their respective fair values as of the date of the acquisition. Management determined the preliminary fair values based on a number of factors, including a valuation from an independent third-party valuation firm. The excess of the purchase price over the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is attributable to the assembled workforce and anticipated synergies arising from the acquisition. The goodwill recorded in the acquisition is not deductible for income tax purposes. The following table summarizes the Company’s allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Guilded Acquisition Date (in thousands): August 16, 2021 Cash and cash equivalents $ 593 Goodwill 58,503 Identified intangible assets 19,600 Deferred tax liabilities (999) Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (138) Total purchase price $ 77,559 The following table presents details of the identifiable intangible assets acquired at the Guilded Acquisition Date (in thousands, except estimated useful life): Carrying Amount Estimated Useful Life (Years) Developed technology $ 19,100 5 Trade name 500 5 Total $ 19,600 Other Acquisitions During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company completed two individually immaterial acquisitions. These transactions were accounted for as asset acquisitions as they did not meet the definition of a business. The acquired assets consisted entirely of assembled workforce and had a fair value of $8.5 million with an estimated useful life of 3 years. The aggregate purchase consideration consisted of $8.5 million, paid in cash. Loom.ai Acquisition On December 11, 2020, the Company acquired Loom.ai, a privately-held company specializing in real-time facial animation technology for 3D avatars using deep learning, computer vision and VFX. The acquisition has been accounted as a business combination. The acquisition date fair value of the consideration transferred was $86.7 million, which consisted of cash and 1.3 million shares of Roblox’s Class A common stock with a fair value of $40.7 million. The aggregate purchase consideration for Loom.ai was comprised of the following (in thousands): Fair Value Cash paid $ 45,998 Common stock issued 35,203 Replacement awards attributable to pre-acquisition service 5,493 Total purchase price $ 86,694 Cash consideration included reimbursement of acquisition-related transaction costs of $0.8 million incurred by Loom.ai to execute the transaction. Additionally, the acquisition-related costs were not material and were recorded as general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. In connection with the acquisition, the Company entered into stock-based consideration revestment agreements with the Loom.ai founders. The portion of the fair value of the common stock associated with pre-acquisition service of Loom.ai founders represented a component of the total purchase consideration, as presented above. The remaining fair value of $9.2 million of these issued shares was excluded from the purchase price. These shares, which are subject to the recipients’ continued service with the Company, will be recognized ratably as stock-based compensation expense as a component of research and development expense over the requisite service period of 3 years. The total purchase consideration of the Loom.ai acquisition was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired, and liabilities assumed, based upon their respective fair values as of the date of the acquisition. Management determined the fair values based on a number of factors, including a valuation from an independent third-party valuation firm. The excess of the purchase price over the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is attributable to the assembled workforce and anticipated synergies arising from the acquisition. Of the total goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition of Loom.ai, $6.7 million was deductible for tax purposes. The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date (in thousands): December 11, 2020 Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,080 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 45 Goodwill 59,568 Identified intangible asset - developed technology 29,000 Deferred tax liabilities (6,681) Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (318) Total purchase price $ 86,694 The identifiable intangible assets acquired consisted entirely of existing technology, which has a fair value of $29.0 million and an estimated remaining useful life of 5 years as of December 31, 2020. Imbellus Acquisition On November 30, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets from Imbellus, Inc., a privately-held software company, which developed simulation-based cognitive assessments that measure human thought process. The asset acquisition consisted entirely of existing technology, which has a fair value of $11.7 million and an estimated remaining useful life of 5 years as of December 31, 2020. The purchase consideration consisted of 80,000 shares of Roblox’s Class A common stock, with a fair value of $2.9 million, and $8.8 million of cash including direct transaction costs.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price of an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired. The following table represents the changes to goodwill from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Carrying Amount Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 59,568 Addition from acquisition 58,503 Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 118,071 Addition from acquisition 16,264 Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 134,335 There are no accumulated impairment losses for any period presented. Intangible Assets The following tables present details of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Developed technology $ 72,059 $ (24,240) $ 47,819 Assembled workforce 10,000 (4,042) 5,958 Trade name 500 (133) 367 Total intangible assets $ 82,559 $ (28,415) $ 54,144 As of December 31, 2021 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Developed technology $ 62,059 $ (11,233) $ 50,826 Assembled workforce 8,500 (708) 7,792 Trade name 500 (25) 475 Total intangible assets $ 71,059 $ (11,966) $ 59,093 The above tables do not include $0.6 million of indefinite lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022, the weighted-average remaining useful lives of our finite-lived intangible assets were 3.3 years for developed technology, 3.7 years for trade names, 1.8 years for assembled workforce, and 3.1 years in total, for all finite-lived intangible assets. Amortization expense was $16.4 million, $10.8 million, and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Expected future amortization expenses related to the intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2023 $ 17,749 2024 16,696 2025 14,036 2026 4,613 2027 1,050 Thereafter — Total remaining amortization $ 54,144

Other Balance Sheet Components

Other Balance Sheet Components	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Balance Sheet Components [Abstract]
Other Balance Sheet Components	Other Balance Sheet Components Prepaid expenses and other current assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Prepaid expenses $ 45,173 $ 27,671 Other current assets 16,468 4,420 Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 61,641 $ 32,091 Property and equipment, net Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Servers and related equipment and software $ 741,418 $ 361,227 Computer hardware and software 23,647 16,154 Furniture and fixtures 446 179 Leasehold improvements 69,311 30,482 Construction in progress 24,306 16,837 Total property and equipment 859,128 424,879 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (266,782) (153,527) Property and equipment—net $ 592,346 $ 271,352 Construction in progress primarily relates to leasehold improvements for the Company’s leased office buildings and network equipment infrastructure to support the Company’s data centers. Depreciation expense was $113.7 million, $64.9 million, and $42.7 million for years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Accrued operating expenses $ 80,122 $ 56,134 Short term operating lease liabilities 73,235 51,303 Accrued interest on the 2030 Notes 6,458 6,781 Taxes payable 49,361 43,286 Accrued compensation and other employee related liabilities 21,003 14,511 Other current liability 5,827 8,754 Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 236,006 $ 180,769

Debt

Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	Debt 2030 Notes Long-term debt, net consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 2030 Notes Principal $ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000 Unamortized issuance costs 11,016 12,277 Net carrying amount $ 988,984 $ 987,723 On October 29, 2021, the Company issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of its 3.875% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “2030 Notes”). The 2030 Notes mature on May 1, 2030. The 2030 Notes bear interest at a rate of 3.875% per annum. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 1 and November 1 of each year, commencing on May 1, 2022. The aggregate proceeds from offering of the 2030 Notes were approximately $987.5 million, after deducting lenders costs and other issuance costs incurred by the Company. The issuance costs of $12.5 million are amortized into interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 2030 Notes. The Company may voluntarily redeem the 2030 Notes, in whole or in part, under the following circumstances: (1) at any time prior to November 1, 2024, the Company may on any one or more occasions redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2030 Notes at a redemption price of 103.875% of the principal amount including accrued and unpaid interest, if any, with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings; provided that (1) at least 50% of the aggregate principal amount of 2030 Notes originally issued remains outstanding immediately after the occurrence of such redemption (excluding 2030 Notes held by the Company and its subsidiaries); and (2) the redemption occurs within 180 days of the date of the closing of such equity offerings. (2) on or after November 1, 2024, the Company may redeem all or a part of the 2030 Notes at the following redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable redemption date: Year Percentage 2024 101.938 % 2025 100.969 % 2026 and thereafter 100.000 % (3) at any time prior to November 1, 2024, the Company may redeem all or a part of the 2030 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of 2030 Notes redeemed, including accrued and unpaid interest, if any, plus the applicable “make-whole” premium set forth in the indenture governing the 2030 Notes (the “Indenture”) as of the date of such redemption; and (4) in connection with any tender offer for the 2030 Notes, including an offer to purchase, if holders of not less than 90% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 2030 Notes validly tender and do not withdraw such notes in such tender offer and the Company (or any third party making such a tender offer in lieu of the Company) purchases all of the 2030 Notes validly tendered and not withdrawn by such holders, the Company (or such third party) will have the right, upon not less than 10, but not more than 60 days’ prior notice, given not more than 30 days following such purchase date to the holders of the 2030 Notes and the trustee, to redeem all of the 2030 Notes that remain outstanding following such purchase at a redemption price equal to the price offered to each holder of 2030 Notes (excluding any early tender or incentive fee) in such tender offer plus to the extent not included in the tender offer payment, accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In certain circumstances involving a change of control triggering event (as defined in the Indenture), the Company will be required to make an offer to repurchase all, or at the holder’s option, any part, of each holder’s 2030 Notes at 101% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the applicable repurchase date. The 2030 Notes are unsecured obligations and the Indenture contains covenants limiting the Company and its subsidiaries’ ability to: (i) create certain liens and enter into sale and lease-back transactions; (ii) create, assume, incur or guarantee indebtedness; or (iii) consolidate or merge with or into, or sell or otherwise dispose of all of substantially all of the Company and its subsidiaries’ assets to another person. These covenants are subject to a number of limitations and exceptions set forth in the Indenture. Interest expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations related to the 2030 Notes was as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Contractual interest expense $ 38,642 $ 6,781 Amortization of debt issuance costs 1,261 216 Total interest expense $ 39,903 $ 6,997 The debt issuance costs for the 2030 Notes are amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2030 Notes using an annual effective interest rate of 4.05%. As of December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all of its covenants under the Indenture.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingenci es Lease Commitments —The Company leases office facilities and space for data center operations under operating leases expiring in various years through 2035. Certain of these arrangements have free or escalating rent payment provisions and optional renewal clauses. All of the Company’s leases are accounted for as operating leases. Refer to Note 3, “Leases” to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. Purchase Obligations —Non-cancellable contractual purchase obligations, primarily related to the Company’s data center hosting providers and software vendors, as of December 31, 2022, are as follows (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total Purchase Obligations $ 225,707 $ 7,073 $ 1,366 $ 201 $ 56 $ — $ 234,403 2030 Notes —Future interest and principal payments related to the 2030 Notes, as of December 31, 2022, are as follows (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total 2030 Notes, including interest $ 38,750 $ 38,750 $ 38,750 $ 38,750 $ 38,750 $ 1,096,870 $ 1,290,620 Letters of Credit —The Company has letters of credit in connection with our operating leases which are not reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company has not drawn down from the letters of credit and had $9.9 million available in aggregate as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Legal Proceedings —The Company is and, from time to time may in the future become, involved in legal proceedings, claims and litigation in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has accrued for immaterial losses related to those litigation matters that the Company believes to be probable and for which an amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company considered the progress of these cases, the opinions and views of its legal counsel and outside advisors, its experience and settlements in similar cases, and other factors in arriving at the conclusion that a potential loss was probable. The Company cannot determine a reasonable estimate of the maximum possible loss or range of loss for all of these matters given that they are at various stages of the litigation process and each case is subject to the inherent uncertainties of litigation. The Company may incur substantial legal fees, which are expensed as incurred, in defending against these legal proceedings. The maximum amount of liability that may ultimately result from any of these matters cannot be predicted with absolute certainty and the ultimate resolution of one or more of these matters could ultimately have a material adverse effect on our operations. Indemnification —In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into agreements that may include indemnification provisions. Pursuant to such agreements, the Company may indemnify, hold harmless and defend an indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party. Some of the provisions will limit losses to those arising from third-party actions. In some cases, the indemnification will continue after the termination of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these provisions is not determinable. To date, the Company has not incurred material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification provisions. The Company has also entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware corporate law. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs and have not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations. The Company also currently has directors’ and officers’ insurance.

Convertible Preferred Stock

Convertible Preferred Stock	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Convertible Preferred Stock [Abstract]
Convertible Preferred Stock	Convertible Preferred Stock In January 2021, the Company issued 11,888,886 shares of Series H convertible preferred stock to certain institutional accredited investors in a private placement at a purchase price of $45.00 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $534.3 million. There was no underwriter or placement agent used in connection with this sale. The Company previously issued Series A, Series B, Series C, Series D, Series D-1, Series E, Series F, and Series G prior to 2021. In November 2020, pursuant to a conversion notice and an exchange agreement with entities affiliated with the Company’s Founder, President, CEO and Chair of the Company’s Board of Directors, all outstanding convertible preferred stock held by those entities were converted into our Class A common stock and thereafter all 57.3 million outstanding shares of Class A common stock held by those entities were exchanged for 57.3 million shares of Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Immediately prior to the completion of the direct listing of the Company’s Class A common stock (the “Direct Listing”) on the New York Stock Exchange, all outstanding shares of the Company’s convertible preferred stock converted into an aggregate of 349,123,976 shares of Class A common stock. The following table summarizes the convertible preferred stock outstanding immediately prior to the conversion into common stock, and the rights and preferences of the Company’s respective series preceding the Direct Listing in March 2021 (in thousands except per share data): Series Shares Per share Per share Aggregate Carrying Authorized Outstanding A 28,000 16,358 $ 0.02 $ 0.02 $ 327 $ 313 B 45,532 45,532 $ 0.03 $ 0.03 1,070 1,054 C 95,290 95,290 $ 0.03 $ 0.03 2,935 4,150 D 54,860 54,215 $ 0.04 $ 0.04 2,150 2,097 D-1 44,706 44,706 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 4,172 12,998 E 24,340 24,340 $ 1.03 $ 1.03 25,000 24,906 F 33,149 33,149 $ 4.53 $ 4.53 150,000 149,640 G 23,645 23,645 $ 6.34 $ 6.34 150,000 149,669 H 12,222 11,889 $ 45.00 $ 45.00 535,000 534,286 Total 361,744 349,124 $ 870,654 $ 879,113 The following table summarizes the convertible preferred stock outstanding prior to the conversion into common stock, and the rights and preferences of the Company’s respective series as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands except per share data): Series Per share Per share Aggregate Carrying Authorized Outstanding A 28,000 16,358 $ 0.02 $ 0.02 $ 327 $ 313 B 45,532 45,532 $ 0.03 $ 0.03 1,070 1,054 C 95,290 95,290 $ 0.03 $ 0.03 2,935 4,150 D 54,860 54,215 $ 0.04 $ 0.04 2,150 2,097 D-1 44,706 44,706 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 4,172 12,998 E 24,340 24,340 $ 1.03 $ 1.03 25,000 24,906 F 33,149 33,149 $ 4.53 $ 4.53 150,000 149,640 G 23,645 23,645 $ 6.34 $ 6.34 150,000 149,669 Total 349,522 337,235 $ 335,654 $ 344,827

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Preferred Stock —The amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of 100.0 million shares of convertible preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Common Stock —The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. As of December 31, 2022, the Company is authorized to issue 4,935.0 million shares of Class A common stock and 65.0 million shares of Class B common stock. Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to dividends on a pro rata basis, when, as, and if declared by the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to the rights of the holders of the Company’s convertible preferred stock. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share, and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to 20 votes per share. Each share of our Class B common stock is convertible into one share of our Class A common stock at any time and will convert automatically upon certain transfers and upon the earliest of (i) the date that is specified by the affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds of the then-outstanding shares of Class B common stock, (ii) the date on which less than 30% of the Class B common stock that was outstanding on March 2, 2021 continues to remain outstanding, (iii) March 10, 2036, (iv) nine months after the death or permanent disability of Mr. David Baszucki, and (v) nine months after the date on which Mr. Baszucki no longer serves as our CEO or as a member of our Board of Directors. Class A common stock and Class B common stock are not redeemable at the option of the holder. During the year ended December 31, 2021, 6.0 million shares of Class B common stock held by entities affiliated with Mr. Baszucki, Founder, President, CEO and Chair of our Board of Directors were converted to Class A common stock. Class A and Class B common stock are referred to as common stock throughout the notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise noted. The Company had reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Stock options outstanding 51,591 63,267 98,502 RSUs outstanding 30,322 14,684 3,061 CEO Long-Term Performance Award 11,500 11,500 — 2022 PSU Grants 415 — — 2020 Equity Incentive Plan 59,945 52,811 15,448 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan 11,093 5,809 — Stock warrants outstanding 264 324 324 RSAs outstanding 500 468 388 Conversion of convertible preferred stock — — 337,235 Total 165,630 148,863 454,958

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based Compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-based Compensation	Stock-based Compensation 2004 Incentive Stock Plan In 2004, the Company approved the 2004 Incentive Stock Plan (the “2004 Plan”), under which the Board of Directors may grant incentive stock options to employees and nonstatutory stock options to employees, members of the Board of Directors and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries. Under the 2004 Plan, incentive stock options and nonstatutory stock options may be granted at a price not less than fair value and 85% of the fair value, respectively (110% of fair value for incentive stock options granted to holders of 10% or more of voting stock). Fair value is determined by the Board of Directors. Options are exercisable over periods not to exceed 10 years (five years for incentive stock options granted to holders of 10% or more of the voting stock) from the date of grant. The 2004 Plan was terminated on the effective date of the 2017 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan, and accordingly, no shares are available for issuance under the 2004 Plan. The 2004 Plan continues to govern outstanding awards granted thereunder. 2017 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan In 2017, the Company approved the 2017 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”), under which the Board of Directors may grant incentive stock options to employees and nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and RSUs, to employees, members of the Board of Directors and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries. Under the 2017 Plan, incentive stock options and nonstatutory stock options may be granted at a price not less than fair value (110% of fair value for options issued to holders of 10% or more of voting stock). Stock appreciation rights may be granted at a price not less than fair value. Fair value is determined by the Board of Directors. Options are exercisable over periods not to exceed 10 years (five years for incentive stock options granted to holders of 10% or more of the voting stock) from the date of grant. In connection with the Direct Listing, the 2017 Plan was terminated effective immediately prior to the effectiveness of the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan, and accordingly, no shares are available for issuance under the 2017 Plan. The 2017 Plan continues to govern outstanding awards granted thereunder. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan In 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted, and its stockholders approved, the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which became effective on the business day immediately prior to the effective date of the registration statement for the Company’s Direct Listing. Under the 2020 Plan, the Board of Directors may grant incentive stock options to employees and stock appreciation rights, RSAs, and RSUs, performance units and performance shares to employees, members of the Board of Directors and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries. Under the 2020 Plan, incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, and stock appreciation rights may be granted at a price not less than 100% of the fair market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant (110% of fair value for incentive stock options issued to holders of 10% or more of voting stock). Options and stock appreciation rights are exercisable over a period not to exceed 10 years (five years for incentive stock options granted to holders of 10% or more of the voting stock) from the date of grant. Under the 2020 Plan, 60.0 million shares of Class A common stock were initially reserved for future issuance. The number of shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2020 Plan automatically increases on January 1 of each year by the least of (i) 75,000,000 shares; (ii) five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares of all classes of the Company’s common stock as of December 31 of the preceding fiscal year; or (iii) a number of shares that may be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. Stock-based awards under the 2020 Plan that expire or are forfeited, cancelled, or repurchased generally are returned to the pool of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan. In addition, subject to the adjustment provisions of the 2020 Plan, the shares reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan also includes (i) any shares that, as of the day immediately prior to the effective date of the registration statement, have been reserved but not issued pursuant to any awards granted under the 2017 Plan and are not subject to any awards thereunder and (ii) any shares subject to stock options, RSUs or similar awards granted under our 2017 Plan and 2004 Plan that, after the effective date of the registration statement, expire or otherwise terminate without having been exercised or issued in full, are tendered to or withheld by the Company for payment of an exercise price or for tax withholding obligations, or are forfeited to or repurchased by the Company due to failure to vest. Employee Stock Purchase Plan In 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted, and its stockholders approved, the 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2020 ESPP”), which became effective in connection with the Direct Listing. The 2020 ESPP authorizes the issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to purchase rights granted to employees. At inception, 6.0 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock were reserved for future issuance under the 2020 ESPP. The number of shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2020 ESPP automatically increases on January 1 of each year by the least of (i) 15,000,000 shares; (ii) one percent (1%) of the outstanding shares of all classes of the Company’s common stock as of December 31 of the preceding fiscal year; or (iii) a number of shares that may be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors The 2020 ESPP plan is a compensatory plan and includes two components: a component that allows the Company to make offerings intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”) and a component that allows the Company to make offerings not intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Code. Subject to any limitations contained therein, the 2020 ESPP allows eligible employees to contribute (in the form of payroll deductions or otherwise to the extent permitted by the administrator) an amount established by the administrator from time to time in its discretion to purchase Class A common stock at a discounted price per share. The price at which Class A common stock is purchased under the 2020 ESPP is equal to 85% of the fair market value of a share of the Company’s Class A common stock on the enrollment date or exercise date, whichever is lower. Offering periods are generally 24 months long and begin on the first trading day on or after February 25 and August 25 of each year with each offering period having four purchase periods of approximately six months each. Stock-based compensation expense Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Infrastructure and trust & safety $ 56,197 $ 35,255 $ 7,396 Research and development 398,899 219,851 39,402 General and administrative 109,607 72,929 25,939 Sales and marketing 24,795 13,907 6,421 Total stock-based compensation $ 589,498 $ 341,942 $ 79,158 Stock Options The following table presents the assumptions used in estimating the grant date fair value of our stock options, which were last granted during the year ended December 31, 2020: Year Ended December 31, 2020 Risk-free interest rate 0.5% -1.8% Expected volatility 35.4% - 39.8% Dividend yield — Expected terms (in years) 7 Fair value of the underlying Class A common stock (per share) $4.61 - $21.06 The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity (in thousands, except per option data and remaining contractual term): Options Outstanding Number of Weighted- Weighted-Average Remaining Aggregate Intrinsic Value Balances as of December 31, 2019 99,682 $ 1.66 Granted 23,269 $ 4.73 Cancelled, forfeited, and expired (3,859) $ 2.39 Exercised (20,590) $ 0.74 Balances as of December 31, 2020 98,502 $ 2.55 7.76 $ 3,838,994 Granted — $ — Cancelled, forfeited, and expired (1,862) $ 3.95 Exercised (33,373) $ 1.95 Balances as of December 31, 2021 63,267 $ 2.82 6.97 $ 6,348,395 Granted — — Cancelled, forfeited, and expired (2,061) $ 4.06 Exercised (9,615) $ 2.37 Balances as of December 31, 2022 51,591 $ 2.85 6.00 $ 1,321,183 Exercisable as of December 31, 2022 40,018 $ 2.42 5.65 $ 1,042,119 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2022 51,591 $ 2.85 6.00 $ 1,321,183 The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $9.35. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $423.3 million, $2,548.3 million, and $189.5 million, respectively. Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the exercise price of the options and the estimated fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock at the time of exercise. The aggregate grant-date fair value of options that vested during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $64.1 million, $79.9 million, and $29.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $85.7 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation related to unvested options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 1.7 years. RSUs and RSAs The following table summarizes the Company’s RSU and RSA activity (in thousands, except per share data): Restricted Stock Units Unregistered Restricted Stock Awards Number of Weighted- Number of Weighted- Unvested as of December 31, 2019 30 $ 3.35 — — Granted 3,061 $ 31.55 388 $ 37.75 Vested (30) $ 3.35 — — Unvested as of December 31, 2020 3,061 $ 31.55 388 $ 37.75 Granted 13,382 $ 78.92 209 $ 81.67 Vested (1,376) $ 38.46 (129) $ 37.75 Cancelled (383) $ 52.78 — — Unvested as of December 31, 2021 14,684 $ 68.03 468 $ 57.37 Granted 25,540 $ 41.09 298 $ 46.00 Vested (8,169) $ 57.65 (266) $ 53.67 Cancelled (1,733) $ 57.58 — — Unvested as of December 31, 2022 30,322 $ 48.73 500 $ 52.55 As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $1,422.0 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation related to RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 2.9 years. RSUs granted prior to our Direct Listing vest upon the satisfaction of both the service condition and a liquidity event-related performance vesting condition which was satisfied on the Effective Date. In the first quarter of 2021, we recorded cumulative stock-based compensation expense of $21.3 million related to all then-outstanding RSUs for which the service-based vesting condition had been satisfied. Stock-based compensation related to the remaining service-based period after the liquidity event-related performance vesting condition was satisfied is being recorded over the remaining requisite service period using the accelerated attribution method. RSUs granted subsequent to our Direct Listing only have service conditions, which historically have been satisfied generally over four years. For grants made during and subsequent to July 2022, the service condition is satisfied generally over three years. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $13.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation related to RSAs, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining requisite service period of 1.8 years. CEO Long-Term Performance Award In February 2021, the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee granted the CEO Long-Term Performance Award under the 2017 Plan, which provides him the opportunity to earn a maximum number of 11,500,000 shares of Class A common stock. The CEO Long-Term Performance Award vests upon the satisfaction of a service condition and achievement of certain Class A common stock price targets (referred to as a “Company Stock Price Hurdle”), as described below. The CEO Long-Term Performance Award is eligible to vest based on the Company’s stock price performance over various performance periods, with the first performance period beginning two years after the Effective Date and ending on the seventh anniversary of the Effective Date. The CEO Long-Term Performance Award is divided into seven performance periods that are eligible to vest based on the achievement of various Company Stock Price Hurdles, measured based on an average of our stock price over a consecutive 90-day trading period applicable to the performance period as set forth below. In addition, Mr. Baszucki must remain employed as our CEO through the date a Company Stock Price Hurdle is achieved in order to earn the RSUs that relate to the applicable Company Stock Price Hurdle. Company Stock Number of RSUs Performance 1 $ 165.00 750,000 2 years 2 $ 200.00 750,000 3 years 3 $ 235.00 2,000,000 4 years 4 $ 270.00 2,000,000 5 years 5 $ 305.00 2,000,000 5 years 6 $ 340.00 2,000,000 5 years 7 $ 375.00 2,000,000 5 years If the Company Stock Price Hurdle fails to reach $165.00 prior to the seventh anniversary of the Effective Date, no portion of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award will vest. Further, any RSUs associated with a Company Stock Price Hurdle not achieved by the seventh anniversary of the Effective Date will terminate and be cancelled for no additional consideration to Mr. Baszucki. The Company Stock Price Hurdles and number of RSUs eligible to vest will be adjusted to reflect any stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, reorganizations, reclassifications, or similar events under the 2017 Plan. Each vested RSU under the CEO Long-Term Performance Award will be settled in a share of our Class A common stock on the next company quarterly settlement date occurring on or after the date on which the RSU vests, regardless of whether Mr. Baszucki remains the CEO as of such date. Company quarterly settlement dates for this purpose are February 20, May 20, August 20, and November 20. The Company estimated the grant date fair value of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award using a model based on multiple stock price outcomes developed through the use of a Monte Carlo simulation that incorporates into the valuation the possibility that the Company Stock Price Hurdles may not be satisfied. A Monte Carlo simulation model requires use of various assumptions, including the underlying stock price, volatility, and the risk-free interest rate as of the valuation date, corresponding to the length of time remaining in the performance period, and expected dividend yield. The weighted-average grant date fair value of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award was estimated to be $20.19 per share, and the Company estimates that as of the grant date, it will recognize total stock-based compensation expense of approximately $232.2 million over the derived service period of each of the seven separate tranches which is between 3.45 – 5.38 years, using the accelerated attribution method. If the Company Stock Price Hurdles are met sooner than the derived service period, the stock-based compensation expense will be adjusted to reflect the cumulative expense associated with the vested award. The stock-based compensation expense will be recognized over the requisite service period if Mr. Baszucki provides service as the Company’s CEO, regardless of whether the Company Stock Price Hurdles are achieved. The Company recorded $48.9 million and $42.0 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the CEO Long-Term Performance Award during the year ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, within general and administrative expenses. As of December 31, 2022, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the CEO Long-Term Performance Award was $141.3 million which will be recognized over the remaining derived service period of each respective tranche. PSUs During 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors granted performance-based restricted stock unit awards (the “2022 PSU Grants”), to certain members of management. The target number of 2022 PSU Grants was 207,284. The number of shares that can be earned will range from 0% to 200% of the target number of shares, based on the Company’s stock price performance and achievement of certain stock price hurdles during the last quarter of the second year through the end of the third year of a three-year performance period (the “2022 PSU Grant Stock Price Hurdles”) and subject to continuous employment through such date. The Company estimated the grant date fair value of the 2022 PSU Grants using a model based on multiple stock price outcomes developed through the use of a Monte Carlo simulation which incorporates into the valuation the possibility that the 2022 PSU Grant Stock Price Hurdles may not be satisfied. The grant date fair value of the 2022 PSU Grants was estimated to be $43.13 per share, and the Company estimates that it will recognize total stock-based compensation expense of approximately $8.9 million using the accelerated attribution method over the derived service period of each tranche which is equal to five measurement periods commencing with the last quarter of the second year and ending with the last quarter of the third year. If the 2022 PSU Grant Stock Price Hurdles are met sooner than the derived service period, the stock-based compensation expense will be adjusted to reflect the cumulative expense associated with the vested award. Stock-based compensation expense will be recognized over the requisite service period if the members of management continue to provide service to the Company, regardless of whether the 2022 PSU Grant Stock Price Hurdles are achieved. The Company recorded $3.0 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the 2022 PSU Grants during the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the 2022 PSU grants was $5.9 million which will be recognized over the remaining derived service period of each of five tranches. Employee Stock Purchase Plan During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the purchase date, February 25, 2022, was lower than the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the offering date of the first and second offering periods. As a result, the first and second offering periods were reset and the new lower price became the new offering price. Additionally, the plan also provides for a rollover feature that provides for an offering period to be rolled over to a new lower-priced offering if the offering price of the new offering period is less than that of the current offering period. Accordingly, the first and second offering periods rolled over to a new 24 months offering period. The reset was treated as a modification resulting in incremental expense totaling $4.7 million, which is being recognized over the remaining requisite service period as of the date of reset. During the quarter ended September 30, 2022, the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the purchase date, August 25, 2022, was lower than the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the offering date. As a result, the offering period in effect was reset and the new lower price became the new offering price. Additionally, as discussed above, because the plan also provides for a rollover feature that provides for an offering period to be rolled over to a new lower-priced offering if the offering price of the new offering period is less than that of the current offering period, the offering rolled over to a new 24 months offering period. The reset was treated as a modification resulting in incremental expense totaling $5.1 million, which is being recognized over the remaining requisite service period as of the date of reset. The following table presents the assumptions used in estimating the grant date fair value of purchase rights granted under the 2020 ESPP for the offerings made in the respective years including reset and rollover: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Risk-free interest rate 0.71% - 3.35% 0.06% - 0.25% Expected volatility 54.16% - 81.51% 46.97% - 56.91% Dividend yield —% —% Expected terms (in years) 0.50 - 2.01 0.44 - 2.00 The Company recorded $25.7 million and $9.9 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the 2020 ESPP during the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Tender Offer In March 2020, in connection with the Company’s sale of the Series G convertible preferred stock, the purchasers of the Series G convertible preferred stock conducted a tender offer to acquire approximately 31.1 million shares of Class A common stock and 24.0 million shares of convertible preferred stock from employees, former employees, and other existing investors. In connection with the tender offer, the Company waived any rights of first refusal or other transfer restrictions applicable to such shares. As a result of this transaction, we recorded a total of $35.2 million in stock-based compensation expense in the year ended December 31, 2020 for the difference between the price paid for shares held by our employees and former employee stockholders and the estimated fair market value on the date of the transaction.

Employee Benefit Plan

Employee Benefit Plan	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee Benefit Plan	Employee Benefit PlanThe Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution retirement plan for eligible employees. Under the plan, the Company is required to make a safe harbor contribution of 100% on the first 3% of employee contributions and 50% of the next 2% for each employee, subject to a maximum total contribution mandated by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). The Company made matching contributions in the amount of $14.6 million, $9.3 million, and $5.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Joint Venture

Joint Venture	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Joint Venture	Joint Venture In February 2019, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with Songhua River Investment Limited (“Songhua”), an affiliate of Tencent Holdings Ltd. (“Tencent Holdings”), to create Roblox China Holding Corp. (in which Roblox holds a 51% ownership interest as it relates to the voting shares). Songhua contributed $50 million in capital in exchange for a 49% ownership interest in Roblox China Holding Corp. The business of the joint venture (either directly or indirectly through the joint venture’s wholly owned subsidiaries) is to engage in the (i) development, localization, and licensing of the Roblox application to Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Co., Ltd. for operation and publication as a game in China, and (ii) development, localization, and licensing to creators of a Chinese version of the Roblox Studio and to oversee relations with local Chinese developers. The joint venture is consolidated into the Company’s consolidated financial statements as the Company maintains a controlling financial interest through voting rights, while the minority member of the joint venture does not have substantive participating rights or veto rights. The Company classifies the 49% ownership interest held by Songhua as a noncontrolling interest on its consolidated balance sheet.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company is in a consolidated net loss position and no material income tax benefits or expense were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. The components of loss before income taxes were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Domestic $ (916,592) $ (472,141) $ (244,395) Foreign (13,997) (31,659) (19,952) $ (930,589) $ (503,800) $ (264,347) The components of the provision for/(benefit from) income taxes were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Current provision: Federal $ 144 $ — $ — State 2,405 678 10 Foreign 1,582 — 25 Total current provision 4,131 678 35 Deferred provision: Federal (474) (878) (6,032) State (105) (120) (659) Foreign — — — Total deferred provision (579) (998) (6,691) Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes $ 3,552 $ (320) $ (6,656) The provision for/(benefit from) income taxes differs from the amount estimated by applying the statutory income (loss) before taxes as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Federal tax (benefit) at statutory rate 21 % 21 % 21 % State tax (benefit) at statutory rate, net of federal benefit 2 2 1 Research and development credits 2 10 3 Change in valuation allowance (21) (117) (21) Stock-based compensation (4) 84 0 Foreign rate differential 0 0 (2) Other 0 0 1 Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes 0 % 0 % 3 % Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The following table presents the components of the Company’s deferred tax assets (liabilities) for the periods presented (in thousands): December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Deferred tax assets: Accrued expenses $ 13,593 $ 11,466 $ 5,781 Deferred revenue 198,130 107,221 35,026 Net operating loss carryforwards 490,309 505,668 76,509 Tax credit carryforwards 85,527 65,855 17,052 Stock-based compensation 28,238 35,368 3,891 Operating lease liabilities 130,688 56,897 — Capitalized research and development 178,488 — — Interest — 1,556 — Other 1,988 1,369 766 Total gross deferred tax asset 1,126,961 785,400 139,025 Less: valuation allowance (907,226) (711,297) (122,328) Net deferred tax assets 219,735 74,103 16,697 Deferred tax liabilities: Fixed assets (92,009) (13,889) (10,934) Intangible assets (6,694) (9,060) (5,763) Operating lease right-of-use assets (121,032) (51,154) — Total deferred tax liabilities (219,735) (74,103) (16,697) Net deferred taxes $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 We have not provided U.S. income taxes or foreign withholding taxes on the undistributed earnings of our profitable foreign subsidiaries because we intend to permanently reinvest such earnings in foreign operations. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the cumulative amount of earnings upon which income taxes have not been provided is not material. The Company accounts for deferred taxes under ASC 740, Income Taxes , which requires a reduction of the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically based on the ASC 740 more-likely-than-not realization threshold criterion. This assessment considers matters such as future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies and results of recent operations. The evaluation of the recoverability of the deferred tax assets requires that all positive and negative evidence is weighed to reach a conclusion that it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The weight given to the evidence is commensurate with the extent to which it can be objectively verified. Due to our lack of U.S. earnings history, the net U.S. deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance. The Company’s valuation allowance increased by $195.9 million, $589.0 million, and $57.9 million, in the years ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of $2,026.6 million, which can be carried forward indefinitely, but are limited to 80% of taxable income, state net operating loss carryforwards of $893.0 million, which begin to expire in 2023, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $54.5 million, which begin to expire in 2024. As of December 31, 2022, we had U.S. federal and California research and development tax credits of approximately $112.4 million and $76.3 million, respectively. The federal research and development credits begin to expire in 2030, while California credits do not expire. Under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 (“Section 382”), an ownership change generally occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who own at least 5% of our stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. The Company did experience one or more ownership changes in financial periods ending on or before December 31, 2022. In this regard, the Company has determined that based on the timing of the ownership change and the corresponding Section 382 limitations, none of its net operating losses or other tax attributes appear to expire subject to such limitation. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year $ 72,919 $ 19,386 $ 10,121 Increases related to current year tax positions 25,458 53,440 8,998 Increases related to prior year tax positions 865 93 481 Decreases related to prior year tax positions (2,870) — (215) Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year $ 96,372 $ 72,919 $ 19,386 We classify uncertain tax positions as non-current liabilities unless expected to be paid within one year or otherwise directly related to an existing deferred tax asset, in which case the uncertain tax position is recorded as an offset to the deferred tax asset on the consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2022, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $96.4 million, of which $1.1 million would impact income tax expense if recognized. As of December 31, 2021, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $72.9 million. The Company does not anticipate any significant change within twelve months of this reporting date. Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes as components of interest expense and other expense, respectively. The Company accrued interest and penalties of $0.2 million related to unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2022. The Company did not accrue interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020. The Company is subject to taxation in the United States, various states, and foreign jurisdictions, for which the statutes of limitations have not expired. All jurisdictions and tax years currently remain open for examination. As of December 31, 2022, the Company was not under examination by the IRS or any state or foreign tax jurisdiction. On January 1, 2022, a provision of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminated the option to deduct research and development expenditures and instead requires taxpayers to amortize such costs over five years. This change did not have a significant impact to the Company's provision for income tax for the year ended December 31, 2022 as the Company has net operating loss carryforwards to offset the impact of the change and maintains a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. Further, the Company does not anticipate this change to have a significant impact to the provision for income tax for the year ended December 31, 2023 and will continue to evaluate the impact on its business in future periods.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share	Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common ShareThe following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Basic and diluted net loss per share Numerator Consolidated net loss $ (934,141) $ (503,480) $ (257,691) Less: net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest (9,775) (11,829) (4,437) Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (924,366) $ (491,651) $ (253,254) Denominator Weighted-average common shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, based and diluted 595,559 505,858 182,108 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ (1.55) $ (0.97) $ (1.39) The potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the period presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive are as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Stock options outstanding 51,591 63,267 98,502 RSUs outstanding 30,322 14,684 3,061 2020 ESPP 2,311 523 — Stock warrants outstanding 264 324 324 RSAs outstanding 500 468 388 Convertible preferred stock outstanding — — 337,235 Total 84,988 79,266 439,510 The CEO Long-Term Performance Award and 2022 PSU Grants were excluded from the above table because the respective stock price targets had not been met as of the periods presented.

Geographic Information

Geographic Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Geographic Information	Geographic Information For revenue by geographic area, based on the billing location of the Company’s users, refer to Note 2, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” to the notes to consolidated financial statements. Long-lived assets, comprising property and equipment, net, by geographic area were as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 United States $ 553,127 $ 239,889 Rest of world 39,219 31,463 Total $ 592,346 $ 271,352

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events On February 11, 2023, the Company executed a lease assignment as sub-lessee pursuant to which the Company will sublease approximately 179,496 square feet of office space in San Mateo, California for a lease term of approximately 7 years (the “Sub-Lessee Agreement”). Concurrent with the execution of the Sub-Lessee Agreement, the Company executed a sublease as sub-lessor pursuant to which it will sublease approximately 78,911 square feet of its San Mateo, California corporate headquarters to the sub-lessee for a lease term of approximately 4 years (the “Sub-Lessor Agreement”). Both the Sub-Lessee Agreement and Sub-Lessor Agreement are contingent upon each respective landlord’s consent, amongst other contingencies. The initial annual base rent under the Sub-Lessee Agreement ranges from approximately $12.0 million to $15.0 million over the term and the Company expects to take possession in the second quarter of 2023. The initial annual base rent due to the Company under the Sub-Lessor Agreement ranges from approximately $4.0 million to $6.0 million over the term and the Company expects to provide possession in the second or third quarter of 2023.

Overview and Summary of Signi_2

Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Fiscal Year	Fiscal Year —The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31. For example, references to fiscal 2022, 2021, and 2020 refer to the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation —The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation —The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries over which the Company has control. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The consolidated financial statements include 100% of the accounts of wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries, and the ownership interest of minority investors is recorded as noncontrolling interest.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates —The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the estimated period of time the virtual items are available to the user, which is estimated as the average lifetime of a paying user, and the estimated amount of consumable and durable virtual items purchased for which the Company lacks specific information that we use for revenue recognition, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, fair value of assets and liabilities acquired through acquisitions, accrued liabilities (including accrued developer exchange fees), contingent liabilities, valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, stock-based compensation, the discount rate used in measuring our operating lease liabilities, the carrying value of operating lease right-of-use assets, and evaluation of recoverability of goodwill, intangible assets and long-lived assets. Management believes that the estimates, and judgments upon which they rely, are reasonable based upon information available to them at the time that these estimates and judgments are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s consolidated financial statements will be affected. The COVID-19 pandemic has created, and may continue to create, significant uncertainty in macroeconomic conditions. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic or recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact the global economy, the lasting social effects, and impact on the Company’s business, results of operations, and financial condition are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted. As events continue to evolve and additional information becomes available, the Company’s estimates and assumptions may change materially in future periods.
Foreign Currency Transactions	Foreign Currency Transactions — The functional currency of the Company’s international subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar, with the exception of a Chinese subsidiary wholly owned by Roblox China Holding Corp., as discussed in Note 14, “Joint Venture” to the notes to these consolidated financial statements. We translate the financial statements of our non-U.S. dollar functional subsidiary to U.S. dollars using the period-end exchange rate for assets and liabilities and the average exchange rate for the period for revenues and expenses. The effects of foreign currency translation are included in stockholders’ equity/(deficit) as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and periodic movements are summarized as a line item in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. We reflect foreign exchange transaction gains and losses resulting from the conversion of the transaction currency to the functional currency, which includes gains and losses from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities, as a component of other income (expense), net.
Stock Split	Stock Split —On January 31, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to its certificate of incorporation to effect a split of shares of the issued and outstanding common stock and convertible preferred stock at a 2-for-1 ratio. The stock split was approved by the Company’s stockholders and effected on January 31, 2020. All issued and outstanding shares of common stock and convertible preferred stock, dividend rates, conversion rates, options to purchase common stock, exercise prices, and the related per-share amounts contained in these consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to reflect this stock split for all periods presented.
Segments	Segments — The Company operates as a single operating and reportable segment, which is at the consolidated entity level. The chief operating decision maker of the Company is its chief executive officer (“CEO”), who makes resource allocation decisions and assesses performance based on financial information presented on a consolidated basis.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Revenue Recognition Policy In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, revenue is recognized when control of the service is transferred to the customer. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for these services. To achieve the core principle of this standard, the Company determines revenue recognition by: • identifying the contract, or contracts, with the customer; • identifying the performance obligations in the contract; • determining the transaction price; • allocating the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract; and • recognizing revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies performance obligations by transferring the promised services. The Company derives substantially all of its revenue from the sale of virtual items on the Roblox Platform. Roblox Platform The Company operates the Roblox Platform as live services that allow users to play and socialize with others for free. Within the experience, however, users can purchase virtual currency (“Robux”) to obtain virtual items to enhance their social experience. Proceeds from the sale of Robux are initially recorded in deferred revenue and recognized as revenues as a user purchases and uses virtual items. The Company’s identified performance obligation is to provide users with the ability to acquire, use, and hold virtual items on the Roblox Platform over the estimated period of time the virtual items are available to the user or until the virtual items are consumed. Users can purchase Robux as one-time purchases or through monthly subscriptions via payment processors or through prepaid cards. Payments from users are non-refundable and relate to non-cancellable contracts for a fixed price that specify Company’s obligations. Revenue is recorded net of taxes assessed by government authorities that are both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue transactions between the Company and its users, and estimated chargebacks and refunds. The satisfaction of Company’s performance obligation is dependent on the nature of the virtual item purchased and as a result, the Company categorizes its virtual items as either consumable or durable. • Consumable virtual items represent items that can be consumed by a specific user action. Common characteristics of consumable virtual items may include items that are no longer displayed on the user’s inventory after a short period of time or do not provide the user any continuing benefit following consumption. For the sale of consumable virtual items, the Company recognizes revenue as the items are consumed. • Durable virtual items represent items which result in a persistent change to a users’ character or item set (e.g., virtual hat, pet, or house). These items are generally available to the customer to hold, use, or display for as long as they are on the Roblox Platform. The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of durable virtual items ratably over the estimated period of time the items are available to the user which is estimated as the average lifetime of a paying user. To separately account for consumable and durable virtual items, the Company specifically identifies each purchase for the majority of virtual items purchased on the Roblox Platform. For the remaining population, the Company estimates the amount of consumable and durable virtual items purchased based on data from specifically identified purchases and the expected behavior of the users within similar experiences. The estimation of consumable and durable virtual items purchased for the population of purchases not specifically identified requires management’s judgment as the Company evaluates and estimates the expected behavior of users in the population using information from known purchases in similar experiences. The average lifetime of a paying user estimate is calculated based on historical monthly retention data for each user cohort to project future participation on the Roblox Platform. Determining the estimated average lifetime of a paying user requires management’s judgment as the Company analyzes the most recent trends in player cohort activity and other qualitative factors. The Company also considers results from prior analyses in determining the estimated average lifetime of a paying user. The Company believes this estimate is the best representation of the average life of the durable virtual items. The estimated paying user life was 28 months, 23 months, and 23 months as of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. As part of the process above, in the first quarter of 2022, the Company updated its estimated paying user life to 25 months, which was subsequently updated again to 28 months in the third quarter of 2022. Based on the carrying amount of deferred revenue and deferred cost of revenue as of December 31, 2021, these changes in estimates resulted in a decrease in revenue of $344.9 million and a decrease in cost of revenue of $79.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company offers prepaid cards through online and physical retailers, as well as on the Company website. The Company estimates expected breakage by taking into consideration historical patterns of redemption and escheatment laws as applicable. Principal Agent Considerations The Company evaluates the sales of Robux via third-party payment processors to determine whether its revenues should be reported gross or net of fees either retained by the payment processor or paid to the developers and creators (“Developer Exchange Fees”). The Company is the principal in the transaction with the end user as a result of controlling, hosting, and integrating the delivery of the virtual items to the end user. The Company records revenue gross as a principal and records fees paid to payment processors as a component of cost of revenue and fees paid to developers and creators as a component of developer exchange fees expense. Other Revenue Other revenue primarily consists of revenue from advertising, licenses, and royalties. The Company recognizes revenue based on the performance obligations of the underlying agreements, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to.
Cost of Revenue	Cost of Revenue —Cost of revenue primarily consists of payment processing fees charged by various distribution channels.
Deferred Cost of Revenue	Deferred Cost of Revenue —The Company defers contract costs that are direct and incremental to obtaining user contracts (i.e., sales of Robux). Deferred cost of revenue consists of payment processing fees charged by third-party payment processors. Payment processing fees are amortized over the estimated period of time the virtual items are available to the user on the Roblox Platform (based on the nature of the virtual item as either consumable or durable) in proportion to the revenue recognized. The Company classifies deferred cost of revenue as short-term or long-term based on when the Company expects to recognize the expense. Short-term and long-term deferred cost of revenue are included on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Deferred cost of revenue is periodically reviewed for impairment.
Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers	Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers —Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivables. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited with high quality financial institutions and may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s deposits are financially creditworthy and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to those balances. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and, therefore, bear minimal interest rate risk. The Company uses various distribution channels to collect and remit payments from users. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, one distribution channel accounted for 37% and 35% of our accounts receivable, respectively, while a second distribution channel accounted for 19% of our accounts receivable as of both periods. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, one distribution channel processed 32%, 35%, and 35% of our overall revenue transactions, respectively, and a second distribution channel processed 18%, 19%, and 19% of our overall revenue transactions, respectively.
Fair Value Hierarchy	Fair Value Hierarchy —Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated financial statements are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Hierarchical levels, which are directly related to the amount of subjectivity, associated with the inputs to the valuation of these assets or liabilities are as follows: Level 1 —Inputs that are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Level 2 —Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level 1) that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life. Level 3 —Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities and which reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model. In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash —Cash and cash equivalents primarily consisted of cash in hand and money market instruments with maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase. We had no restricted cash balances as of December 31, 2022, and 2021.
Accounts Receivable and Related Allowance	Accounts Receivable and Related Allowance — Accounts receivable represent amounts due to us based on contractual obligations with our customers. Payments made by the Company’s users are collected by payment processors and remitted to the Company generally within 30 days of invoicing. The Company maintains allowances for potential credit losses when deemed necessary. The Company has not experienced any material credit losses to date. In cases where the Company is aware of circumstances that may impair a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations, it records a specific allowance as a reduction to the accounts receivable balance to reduce it to its net realizable value. In addition, the Company holds a reserve for chargebacks and refunds based on historical data and current trends and projections. Specific allowances, chargeback, and refund reserves have not been material for any of the periods presented.
Property and Equipment—Net	Property and Equipment—Net — Property and equipment are recorded at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are recorded on a straight line basis over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. The estimated useful life for each asset category is as follows: Property and Equipment Estimated Useful Life Servers and related equipment 5 years Computer hardware and software 2 - 5 years Furniture and fixtures 2 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of 10 years or remaining lease term
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Intangible Assets —Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination and is allocated to reporting units expected to benefit from the business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but rather tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired. When conducting our annual goodwill impairment assessment, we perform a quantitative evaluation by comparing the estimated fair value of our single reporting unit, determined using the Company’s market capitalization as of the testing date, to its carrying value. Goodwill impairment is recognized when the quantitative assessment results in the carrying value exceeding the fair value, in which case an impairment charge is recorded to the extent the carrying value exceeds the fair value. There were no impairment charges to goodwill during any of the periods presented. Intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. Intangible assets with finite lives are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the respective asset, generally up to five years.
Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions	Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions —To determine whether a transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition or business combination, the Company applies a screen test to evaluate if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If the screen test does not result in substantially all of the fair value concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the Company performs a second test to evaluate whether the assets and activities transferred include inputs and substantive processes that together, significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs, which would constitute a business. If the result of the second test indicates that the acquired assets and activities constitute a business, the Company accounts for the transaction as a business combination. For business combinations, the purchase consideration is allocated to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on their respective estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over their fair values is recorded as goodwill. The Company’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable, and as a result, actual results may differ from estimates . As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year following the acquisition date, if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these assets and liabilities, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company accounts for a transaction as an asset acquisition when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, or otherwise does not meet the definition of a business. Asset acquisition-related costs are capitalized as part of the asset or assets acquired.
Software Development Costs Research and Development Cost	Software Development Costs —The Company incurs costs related to developing the Roblox Platform and related support systems. The Company capitalizes development costs when preliminary development efforts are successfully completed, management has authorized and committed project funding, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used as intended. Development costs meeting the Company’s capitalization criteria were not material during the periods presented. Research and Development Cost — Research and development costs consist primarily of personnel costs and allocated overhead and are expensed as incurred.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets— The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used when indicators of impairment exist. The carrying value of a long-lived asset to be held and used is considered impaired when the estimated separately identifiable undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than the carrying value of the asset. In that event, an impairment loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived asset. Significant judgment is required to estimate the amount and timing of future cash flows and the relative risk of achieving those cash flows. Assumptions and estimates about future values and remaining useful lives are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in the Company’s business strategy and internal forecasts. There were no impairment charges of long-lived assets recorded during any of the periods presented.
Developer Exchange Fees Expense	Developer Exchange Fees Expense —The Company has established an incentive program for developers and creators to build and operate virtual worlds within the Roblox environment. Developers and creators may charge other users virtual currency to participate in their world. Under certain conditions as outlined in the Developer Exchange Program agreement with developers and creators, and in compliance with applicable law, these developers and creators can receive a cash payout based on the amount of accumulated earned Robux. The Company recognizes the expense as Robux are earned by qualified developers.
Infrastructure and Trust & Safety Expense	Infrastructure and Trust & Safety Expense —Infrastructure and trust & safety expense consists primarily of expenses related to the operation of our data centers and technical infrastructure in order to deliver our Platform to our users and are expensed as incurred. Infrastructure expenses also include personnel costs and allocated overhead for employees and team members whose primary responsibilities relate to supporting our infrastructure and trust & safety initiatives.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense	Stock-Based Compensation Expense — The Company measures and recognizes stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards, including stock options, unregistered restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance stock units (“PSUs”) granted to employees, directors, and non-employees, and stock purchase rights granted under the 2020 ESPP to employees, based on the estimated grant date fair value of the awards. The fair value of each stock option and stock purchase right granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires certain subjective inputs and assumptions, including the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock, the expected term, risk-free interest rates, expected stock price volatility, and expected dividend yield of our Class A common stock. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the option awards represent management’s best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. These assumptions and estimates are as follows: • Fair value of Class A common stock— Prior to the Direct Listing, the fair value of the shares of Class A common stock underlying the stock options and RSUs has historically been determined by the Company’s Board of Directors along with management as there was no public market for the underlying common stock. The Company’s Board of Directors along with management determined the fair value of the Company’s common stock by considering a number of objective and subjective factors including: contemporaneous third-party valuations of its common stock, the valuation of comparable companies, sales of the Company’s common and convertible preferred stock to outside investors in arms-length transactions, the Company’s operating and financial performance, the lack of marketability, and the general and industry specific economic outlook, amongst other factors. After the completion of the Direct listing, the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock is determined based on the NYSE closing price on the date of grant. • Expected term—The expected term represents the period stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The expected term assumptions are determined based on the vesting terms, estimated exercise behavior, post-vesting cancellations and contractual lives of the awards. • Risk-free interest rates—The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yields in effect at the time of the grant of U.S. Treasury notes with terms approximately equal to the expected term of the award. • Expected stock price volatility— Prior to the Direct Listing, the Company used the historical volatility of the Class A common stock price of similar publicly-traded peer companies. After the completion of the Direct Listing, the Company continues to use the historical volatility of the stock price of similar publicly traded peer companies since it has not established sufficient public trading history. • Expected dividend yield—The Company utilizes a dividend yield of zero, as it has no history or plan of declaring dividends on its common stock. RSUs granted by the Company prior to March 2021 vest upon the satisfaction of both a service-based vesting condition, which is typically four years, and a liquidity event-related performance vesting condition. The liquidity event-related performance vesting condition was satisfied on March 2, 2021 (the “Effective Date”) and the Company recorded a cumulative stock-based compensation expense as of the Direct Listing date for those RSUs for which the service-based vesting condition has been satisfied. Stock-based compensation related to the remaining service-based period after the liquidity event-related performance vesting condition was satisfied is recorded over the remaining requisite service period using the accelerated attribution method. For RSUs granted subsequent to the Direct Listing, we recognize stock-based compensation expense based on grant date fair value on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. Th e grant date fair value of our Class A common stock associated with our RSUs granted subsequent to the Direct Listing is determined based on the NYSE closing price on the date of grant. In February 2021, the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors granted the CEO a Long-Term Performance Award (“CEO Long-Term Performance Award”), an RSU award that includes a service and a market condition. The fair value of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of the common stock underlying the award was determined by the Company’s Board of Directors along with management by considering a number of objective and subjective factors. The Company estimated the expected term based on the time period from the valuation date to the end of the performance period. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes. The expected volatility is derived from the historical stock volatility of selected peers over a period equivalent to the expected term of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award. The associated stock-based compensation is recorded over the derived service period, using the accelerated attribution method. If the stock price goals are met sooner than the derived service period, the Company will adjust the stock-based compensation expense to reflect the cumulative expense associated with the vested portion of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award. Provided that David Baszucki continues to be the CEO of the Company, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the derived service period, regardless of whether the stock price goals are achieved. The Company records forfeitures when they occur for all stock-based awards.
Advertising Expense	Advertising Expense —Costs for advertising are primarily expensed as incurred and are included in sales and marketing expense in our consolidated statement of operations. Advertising costs totaled $36.2 million, $26.8 million, and $25.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 respectively.
Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share	Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share —For the year ended December 31, 2020, basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. The Company considers all series of its convertible preferred stock to be participating securities as the holders of such stock have the right to receive nonforfeitable dividends on a pari passu basis in the event that a dividend is paid on common stock. Under the two-class method, the net loss attributable to common stockholders is not allocated to the convertible preferred stock as the preferred stockholders do not have a contractual obligation to share in the Company’s losses. For all years presented, basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents to the extent they are dilutive. For purposes of this calculation, convertible preferred stock, stock options, RSAs, convertible preferred stock warrants, and common stock warrants, as applicable, are considered to be common stock equivalents but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is anti-dilutive for all periods presented.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes —The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the statement of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax benefit for which the future realization is uncertain. The tax effects of a position are recognized only if it is more likely than not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits as of the reporting date. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments.
Leases	Leases —Effective January 1, 2021, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” along with all subsequent ASU clarifications and improvements that are applicable to the Company on January 1, 2021 utilizing the modified retrospective transition method, which requires a cumulative-effect adjustment, if any, to the opening balance of retained earnings to be recognized on the date of adoption with prior periods not restated. The Company leases facilities under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. These leases have varying terms up to 12 years and contain leasehold improvement incentives, rent holidays and escalation clauses. In addition, some of these leases have renewal options for up to five years after expiration of the initial term. The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. The Company determines if a contract contains a lease based on whether we have the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of an identified asset and whether we have the right to direct the use of an identified asset in exchange for consideration. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. Operating lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease at the commencement date and are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at the lease commencement date. Operating lease ROU assets are recognized as the lease liability, adjusted for lease incentives received, initial direct costs and prepayments made. In determining the present value of lease payments, the Company discounts future lease payments using its incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) since the implicit rate in our various leases is unknown. The IBR represents the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term at an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company utilizes a market-based approach to estimate the IBR, which requires significant judgment. The Company primarily considers the current economic environment, lease term and currency in which the lease is denominated, as well as (i) yields on corporate bond with a credit rating similar to the Company; (ii) yields on our outstanding unsecured debt; and (iii) indicative pricing on both secured and unsecured debt received from potential lenders (if any). Certain lease agreements include options to renew or early terminate the lease, and we include such extension periods when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised and include such periods beyond the early termination date when it is reasonably certain the early terminations will not be exercised. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments are expensed when the underlying uncertainty is resolved, which is generally when the obligation for those costs are incurred and are excluded from the measurement of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Variable lease payments primarily include common-area maintenance, utilities, taxes or other operating costs, which are generally based on a percentage of actual expenses incurred or a fluctuating rate which is unknown at the inception of the contract.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “ Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 326: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ,” which requires a financial asset measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, with further clarifications made more recently regarding the treatment of accrued interest, transfers between classifications for loans and debt securities, recoveries, and the option to irrevocably elect the fair value option (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) for eligible financial assets at amortized costs. The new standard requires that an entity measure and recognize expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost and replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in prior U.S. GAAP with a methodology that requires consideration of a broader range of information to estimate credit losses. The Company adopted the guidance during the quarter ended September 30, 2021 on a modified retrospective basis as of January 1, 2021. The adoption of this standard did not result in any cumulative effect adjustment on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements upon adoption as of January 1, 2021. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” , which amends the existing accounting standards for leases. The new standard requires lessees to record an ROU asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet (with the exception of short-term leases). For lessees, leases will continue to be classified as either operating or financing in the income statement. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2021 utilizing the modified retrospective transition method through a cumulative-effect adjustment at the beginning of the first quarter of 2021. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed the Company to carryforward its historical lease classification, assessment on whether a contract was or contains a lease, and initial direct costs for leases that existed prior to January 1, 2021. The Company also elected to combine its lease and non-lease components and not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less. The Company did not elect to apply the hindsight practical expedient when determining lease term and assessing impairment of ROU assets. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “ Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract ,” which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The new standard requires capitalized costs to be amortized on a straight-line basis generally over the term of the arrangement, and the financial statement presentation for these capitalized costs would be the same as that of the fees related to the hosting arrangements. This new guidance was effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2021 and did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” . The purpose of the ASU was to reduce complexity in the accounting standards for income taxes by removing certain exceptions as well as clarifying certain allocations. This update removed the exception to the incremental approach for intra period tax allocation when there is a loss from continuing operation and income or a gain from other items (for example, discontinued operations or other comprehensive income). This update also addresses the split recognition of franchise taxes that are partially based on income between income-based tax and non-income-based tax. The Company elected to adopt the ASU on January 1, 2021 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers” . Under ASU 2021-08, an acquirer must recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, as if it had originated the contracts. Prior to this ASU, an acquirer generally recognizes contract assets acquired and contract liabilities assumed that arose from contracts with customers at fair value on the acquisition date. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2021-08 on a prospective basis effective January 1, 2023. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of this ASU, which will depend on the contract assets and liabilities acquired in future business combinations.

Overview and Summary of Signi_3

Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Schedule of Property Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	The estimated useful life for each asset category is as follows: Property and Equipment Estimated Useful Life Servers and related equipment 5 years Computer hardware and software 2 - 5 years Furniture and fixtures 2 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of 10 years or remaining lease term Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Servers and related equipment and software $ 741,418 $ 361,227 Computer hardware and software 23,647 16,154 Furniture and fixtures 446 179 Leasehold improvements 69,311 30,482 Construction in progress 24,306 16,837 Total property and equipment 859,128 424,879 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (266,782) (153,527) Property and equipment—net $ 592,346 $ 271,352

Revenue from Contracts with C_2

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Abstract]
Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated By Geography	The following table summarizes revenue by region based on the billing country of users (in thousands, except percentages): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage United States and Canada (1) $ 1,465,955 66 % $ 1,298,938 68 % $ 638,354 69 % Europe 404,431 18 357,656 19 168,303 18 Asia-Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand 204,261 8 145,464 7 70,530 8 Rest of world 150,405 7 117,123 6 46,698 5 Total $ 2,225,052 100 % $ 1,919,181 100 % $ 923,885 100 % (1) The Company’s revenues in the U.S. were 62%, 63%, and 65% of consolidated revenues for each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Lease, Cost	The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Operating lease expense $ 90,933 $ 53,442 Variable and short-term lease expense $ 11,586 $ 3,860
Schedule of Non-cancelable Operating Leases	The following table presents future lease payments under the Company’s non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2023 $ 63,226 2024 114,195 2025 103,100 2026 88,077 2027 66,767 Thereafter 303,844 Total lease payments $ 739,209 Less: imputed interest (1) 171,384 Present value of lease liabilities $ 567,825 (1) Calculated using each lease’s incremental borrowing rate.
Schedule of Supplemental Information	The following table presents the weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: As of December 31, 2022 2021 Weighted average remaining lease term 7.8 5.8 Weighted average discount rate 5.5 % 4.0 % Supplemental cash and noncash information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities (1) $ 70,515 $ 52,942 Lease liabilities arising from obtaining new right-of-use assets (noncash) $ 373,844 $ 70,068 (1) The years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 excludes $1.8 million and $9.1 million, respectively, of leasehold incentives received from the landlord.

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of Assets, Related to Financial Instruments, Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis	The composition of our financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are set forth below (in thousands): Fair Value Fair Value Hierarchy December 31, Financial Instrument 2022 2021 Financial Assets: Money market funds classified as cash equivalents Level 1 $ 1,903,880 $ 2,853,055

Acquisitions (Tables)

Acquisitions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Schedule of Aggregate Purchase Consideration	The aggregate purchase consideration comprised of the following (in thousands): Fair Value Cash paid $ 7,603 Cash holdback 2,000 Total purchase price $ 9,603 Fair Value Cash paid $ 9,185 Common stock issued 4,009 Replacement awards attributable to pre-acquisition service 6,129 Total purchase price $ 19,323 Fair Value Cash paid $ 46,285 Roblox Class A common stock issued 22,744 Replacement awards attributable to pre-acquisition service 8,530 Total purchase price $ 77,559 Fair Value Cash paid $ 45,998 Common stock issued 35,203 Replacement awards attributable to pre-acquisition service 5,493 Total purchase price $ 86,694
Schedule of Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed	The following table summarizes the Company’s allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Byfron Acquisition Date (in thousands): October 11, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents $ 380 Goodwill 3,882 Identified intangible assets 5,500 Other assets 169 Other current liabilities $ (328) Total purchase price $ 9,603 The following table summarizes the Company’s preliminary allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Hamul Acquisition Date (in thousands): April 1, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,020 Goodwill 12,382 Identified intangible assets 4,500 Deferred tax liabilities (579) Total purchase price $ 19,323 The following table summarizes the Company’s allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Guilded Acquisition Date (in thousands): August 16, 2021 Cash and cash equivalents $ 593 Goodwill 58,503 Identified intangible assets 19,600 Deferred tax liabilities (999) Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (138) Total purchase price $ 77,559 The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date (in thousands): December 11, 2020 Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,080 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 45 Goodwill 59,568 Identified intangible asset - developed technology 29,000 Deferred tax liabilities (6,681) Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (318) Total purchase price $ 86,694
Schedule of Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class	The following table presents details of the identifiable assets acquired (in thousands, except estimated useful life): Carrying Estimated Useful Life (Years) Developed technology $ 5,500 5 Total $ 5,500 The following table presents details of the identifiable assets acquired (in thousands, except estimated useful life): Carrying Estimated Useful Life (Years) Developed technology $ 4,500 5 Total $ 4,500 The following table presents details of the identifiable intangible assets acquired at the Guilded Acquisition Date (in thousands, except estimated useful life): Carrying Amount Estimated Useful Life (Years) Developed technology $ 19,100 5 Trade name 500 5 Total $ 19,600

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Goodwill	The following table represents the changes to goodwill from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Carrying Amount Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 59,568 Addition from acquisition 58,503 Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 118,071 Addition from acquisition 16,264 Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 134,335
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets	The following tables present details of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Developed technology $ 72,059 $ (24,240) $ 47,819 Assembled workforce 10,000 (4,042) 5,958 Trade name 500 (133) 367 Total intangible assets $ 82,559 $ (28,415) $ 54,144 As of December 31, 2021 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Developed technology $ 62,059 $ (11,233) $ 50,826 Assembled workforce 8,500 (708) 7,792 Trade name 500 (25) 475 Total intangible assets $ 71,059 $ (11,966) $ 59,093
Schedule of Expected Future Amortization Expenses Related to the Intangible Assets	Expected future amortization expenses related to the intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2023 $ 17,749 2024 16,696 2025 14,036 2026 4,613 2027 1,050 Thereafter — Total remaining amortization $ 54,144

Other Balance Sheet Components

Other Balance Sheet Components (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Balance Sheet Components [Abstract]
Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Prepaid expenses $ 45,173 $ 27,671 Other current assets 16,468 4,420 Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 61,641 $ 32,091
Schedule of Property And Equipment, Net	The estimated useful life for each asset category is as follows: Property and Equipment Estimated Useful Life Servers and related equipment 5 years Computer hardware and software 2 - 5 years Furniture and fixtures 2 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of 10 years or remaining lease term Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Servers and related equipment and software $ 741,418 $ 361,227 Computer hardware and software 23,647 16,154 Furniture and fixtures 446 179 Leasehold improvements 69,311 30,482 Construction in progress 24,306 16,837 Total property and equipment 859,128 424,879 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (266,782) (153,527) Property and equipment—net $ 592,346 $ 271,352
Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Accrued operating expenses $ 80,122 $ 56,134 Short term operating lease liabilities 73,235 51,303 Accrued interest on the 2030 Notes 6,458 6,781 Taxes payable 49,361 43,286 Accrued compensation and other employee related liabilities 21,003 14,511 Other current liability 5,827 8,754 Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 236,006 $ 180,769

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Long-term Debt	Long-term debt, net consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 2030 Notes Principal $ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000 Unamortized issuance costs 11,016 12,277 Net carrying amount $ 988,984 $ 987,723
Schedule of Debt Instrument Redemption	Year Percentage 2024 101.938 % 2025 100.969 % 2026 and thereafter 100.000 %
Schedule of Interest Expense	Interest expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations related to the 2030 Notes was as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Contractual interest expense $ 38,642 $ 6,781 Amortization of debt issuance costs 1,261 216 Total interest expense $ 39,903 $ 6,997

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Purchase Obligations	Non-cancellable contractual purchase obligations, primarily related to the Company’s data center hosting providers and software vendors, as of December 31, 2022, are as follows (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total Purchase Obligations $ 225,707 $ 7,073 $ 1,366 $ 201 $ 56 $ — $ 234,403
Schedule of 2030 Notes	Future interest and principal payments related to the 2030 Notes, as of December 31, 2022, are as follows (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total 2030 Notes, including interest $ 38,750 $ 38,750 $ 38,750 $ 38,750 $ 38,750 $ 1,096,870 $ 1,290,620

Convertible Preferred Stock (Ta

Convertible Preferred Stock (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Convertible Preferred Stock [Abstract]
Schedule of Convertible Preferred Stock Outstanding	The following table summarizes the convertible preferred stock outstanding immediately prior to the conversion into common stock, and the rights and preferences of the Company’s respective series preceding the Direct Listing in March 2021 (in thousands except per share data): Series Shares Per share Per share Aggregate Carrying Authorized Outstanding A 28,000 16,358 $ 0.02 $ 0.02 $ 327 $ 313 B 45,532 45,532 $ 0.03 $ 0.03 1,070 1,054 C 95,290 95,290 $ 0.03 $ 0.03 2,935 4,150 D 54,860 54,215 $ 0.04 $ 0.04 2,150 2,097 D-1 44,706 44,706 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 4,172 12,998 E 24,340 24,340 $ 1.03 $ 1.03 25,000 24,906 F 33,149 33,149 $ 4.53 $ 4.53 150,000 149,640 G 23,645 23,645 $ 6.34 $ 6.34 150,000 149,669 H 12,222 11,889 $ 45.00 $ 45.00 535,000 534,286 Total 361,744 349,124 $ 870,654 $ 879,113 The following table summarizes the convertible preferred stock outstanding prior to the conversion into common stock, and the rights and preferences of the Company’s respective series as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands except per share data): Series Per share Per share Aggregate Carrying Authorized Outstanding A 28,000 16,358 $ 0.02 $ 0.02 $ 327 $ 313 B 45,532 45,532 $ 0.03 $ 0.03 1,070 1,054 C 95,290 95,290 $ 0.03 $ 0.03 2,935 4,150 D 54,860 54,215 $ 0.04 $ 0.04 2,150 2,097 D-1 44,706 44,706 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 4,172 12,998 E 24,340 24,340 $ 1.03 $ 1.03 25,000 24,906 F 33,149 33,149 $ 4.53 $ 4.53 150,000 149,640 G 23,645 23,645 $ 6.34 $ 6.34 150,000 149,669 Total 349,522 337,235 $ 335,654 $ 344,827

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Schedule of Common Stock Shares Available for Future Issuance	The Company had reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Stock options outstanding 51,591 63,267 98,502 RSUs outstanding 30,322 14,684 3,061 CEO Long-Term Performance Award 11,500 11,500 — 2022 PSU Grants 415 — — 2020 Equity Incentive Plan 59,945 52,811 15,448 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan 11,093 5,809 — Stock warrants outstanding 264 324 324 RSAs outstanding 500 468 388 Conversion of convertible preferred stock — — 337,235 Total 165,630 148,863 454,958

Stock-based Compensation (Table

Stock-based Compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense	Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Infrastructure and trust & safety $ 56,197 $ 35,255 $ 7,396 Research and development 398,899 219,851 39,402 General and administrative 109,607 72,929 25,939 Sales and marketing 24,795 13,907 6,421 Total stock-based compensation $ 589,498 $ 341,942 $ 79,158
Schedule of Valuation Assumptions	The following table presents the assumptions used in estimating the grant date fair value of our stock options, which were last granted during the year ended December 31, 2020: Year Ended December 31, 2020 Risk-free interest rate 0.5% -1.8% Expected volatility 35.4% - 39.8% Dividend yield — Expected terms (in years) 7 Fair value of the underlying Class A common stock (per share) $4.61 - $21.06 The following table presents the assumptions used in estimating the grant date fair value of purchase rights granted under the 2020 ESPP for the offerings made in the respective years including reset and rollover: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Risk-free interest rate 0.71% - 3.35% 0.06% - 0.25% Expected volatility 54.16% - 81.51% 46.97% - 56.91% Dividend yield —% —% Expected terms (in years) 0.50 - 2.01 0.44 - 2.00
Schedule of Summarizes the Company's Stock Option Activity	The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity (in thousands, except per option data and remaining contractual term): Options Outstanding Number of Weighted- Weighted-Average Remaining Aggregate Intrinsic Value Balances as of December 31, 2019 99,682 $ 1.66 Granted 23,269 $ 4.73 Cancelled, forfeited, and expired (3,859) $ 2.39 Exercised (20,590) $ 0.74 Balances as of December 31, 2020 98,502 $ 2.55 7.76 $ 3,838,994 Granted — $ — Cancelled, forfeited, and expired (1,862) $ 3.95 Exercised (33,373) $ 1.95 Balances as of December 31, 2021 63,267 $ 2.82 6.97 $ 6,348,395 Granted — — Cancelled, forfeited, and expired (2,061) $ 4.06 Exercised (9,615) $ 2.37 Balances as of December 31, 2022 51,591 $ 2.85 6.00 $ 1,321,183 Exercisable as of December 31, 2022 40,018 $ 2.42 5.65 $ 1,042,119 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2022 51,591 $ 2.85 6.00 $ 1,321,183
Schedule of Company's Restricted Stock Units and Unregistered Restricted Stock Awards Activity	The following table summarizes the Company’s RSU and RSA activity (in thousands, except per share data): Restricted Stock Units Unregistered Restricted Stock Awards Number of Weighted- Number of Weighted- Unvested as of December 31, 2019 30 $ 3.35 — — Granted 3,061 $ 31.55 388 $ 37.75 Vested (30) $ 3.35 — — Unvested as of December 31, 2020 3,061 $ 31.55 388 $ 37.75 Granted 13,382 $ 78.92 209 $ 81.67 Vested (1,376) $ 38.46 (129) $ 37.75 Cancelled (383) $ 52.78 — — Unvested as of December 31, 2021 14,684 $ 68.03 468 $ 57.37 Granted 25,540 $ 41.09 298 $ 46.00 Vested (8,169) $ 57.65 (266) $ 53.67 Cancelled (1,733) $ 57.58 — — Unvested as of December 31, 2022 30,322 $ 48.73 500 $ 52.55
Summary of Measured Based on an Average of Our Stock Price	The CEO Long-Term Performance Award is divided into seven performance periods that are eligible to vest based on the achievement of various Company Stock Price Hurdles, measured based on an average of our stock price over a consecutive 90-day trading period applicable to the performance period as set forth below. In addition, Mr. Baszucki must remain employed as our CEO through the date a Company Stock Price Hurdle is achieved in order to earn the RSUs that relate to the applicable Company Stock Price Hurdle. Company Stock Number of RSUs Performance 1 $ 165.00 750,000 2 years 2 $ 200.00 750,000 3 years 3 $ 235.00 2,000,000 4 years 4 $ 270.00 2,000,000 5 years 5 $ 305.00 2,000,000 5 years 6 $ 340.00 2,000,000 5 years 7 $ 375.00 2,000,000 5 years

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Income (Loss) before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign	The components of loss before income taxes were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Domestic $ (916,592) $ (472,141) $ (244,395) Foreign (13,997) (31,659) (19,952) $ (930,589) $ (503,800) $ (264,347)
Schedule of Provision for (benefit from) Income Taxes	The components of the provision for/(benefit from) income taxes were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Current provision: Federal $ 144 $ — $ — State 2,405 678 10 Foreign 1,582 — 25 Total current provision 4,131 678 35 Deferred provision: Federal (474) (878) (6,032) State (105) (120) (659) Foreign — — — Total deferred provision (579) (998) (6,691) Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes $ 3,552 $ (320) $ (6,656)
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation	The provision for/(benefit from) income taxes differs from the amount estimated by applying the statutory income (loss) before taxes as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Federal tax (benefit) at statutory rate 21 % 21 % 21 % State tax (benefit) at statutory rate, net of federal benefit 2 2 1 Research and development credits 2 10 3 Change in valuation allowance (21) (117) (21) Stock-based compensation (4) 84 0 Foreign rate differential 0 0 (2) Other 0 0 1 Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes 0 % 0 % 3 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities	The following table presents the components of the Company’s deferred tax assets (liabilities) for the periods presented (in thousands): December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Deferred tax assets: Accrued expenses $ 13,593 $ 11,466 $ 5,781 Deferred revenue 198,130 107,221 35,026 Net operating loss carryforwards 490,309 505,668 76,509 Tax credit carryforwards 85,527 65,855 17,052 Stock-based compensation 28,238 35,368 3,891 Operating lease liabilities 130,688 56,897 — Capitalized research and development 178,488 — — Interest — 1,556 — Other 1,988 1,369 766 Total gross deferred tax asset 1,126,961 785,400 139,025 Less: valuation allowance (907,226) (711,297) (122,328) Net deferred tax assets 219,735 74,103 16,697 Deferred tax liabilities: Fixed assets (92,009) (13,889) (10,934) Intangible assets (6,694) (9,060) (5,763) Operating lease right-of-use assets (121,032) (51,154) — Total deferred tax liabilities (219,735) (74,103) (16,697) Net deferred taxes $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward	A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year $ 72,919 $ 19,386 $ 10,121 Increases related to current year tax positions 25,458 53,440 8,998 Increases related to prior year tax positions 865 93 481 Decreases related to prior year tax positions (2,870) — (215) Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year $ 96,372 $ 72,919 $ 19,386

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Pe_2

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Calculation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share	The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Basic and diluted net loss per share Numerator Consolidated net loss $ (934,141) $ (503,480) $ (257,691) Less: net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest (9,775) (11,829) (4,437) Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (924,366) $ (491,651) $ (253,254) Denominator Weighted-average common shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, based and diluted 595,559 505,858 182,108 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ (1.55) $ (0.97) $ (1.39)
Schedule of Antidilutive Securities	The potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the period presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive are as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Stock options outstanding 51,591 63,267 98,502 RSUs outstanding 30,322 14,684 3,061 2020 ESPP 2,311 523 — Stock warrants outstanding 264 324 324 RSAs outstanding 500 468 388 Convertible preferred stock outstanding — — 337,235 Total 84,988 79,266 439,510

Geographic Information (Tables)

Geographic Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Schedule of Long-lived Assets by Geographic Areas	Long-lived assets, comprising property and equipment, net, by geographic area were as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 United States $ 553,127 $ 239,889 Rest of world 39,219 31,463 Total $ 592,346 $ 271,352

Overview and Summary of Signi_4

Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
General and administrative				$ 297,317,000	$ 303,020,000	$ 97,341,000
Stock split, conversion ratio	2
Average lifetime of a paying user		25 months		28 months	23 months	23 months
Restricted cash				$ 0	$ 0
Payment remittance term (within)				30 days
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)				3 years 1 month 6 days
Impairment of long-lived assets				$ 0	0	$ 0
Advertising cost				$ 36,200,000	$ 26,800,000	25,700,000
Operating lease, renewal term (up to)				5 years
Rent expense						$ 42,900,000
Service Life
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Decrease in revenue				$ 344,900,000
Decrease in cost of revenue				$ 79,300,000
Maximum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)				5 years
Customer Concentration Risk | One Distribution Channel | Accounts Receivable
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue				37%	35%
Customer Concentration Risk | One Distribution Channel | Revenue Benchmark
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue				32%	35%	35%
Customer Concentration Risk | Second Distribution Channel | Accounts Receivable
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue				19%	19%
Customer Concentration Risk | Second Distribution Channel | Revenue Benchmark
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue				18%	19%	19%
Direct Listing Of Class A Common Stock
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
General and administrative			$ 50,700,000

Overview and Summary of Signi_5

Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Property Plant and Equipment, Useful Life (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Servers and related equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	5 years
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	2 years
Minimum | Computer hardware and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	2 years
Maximum | Computer hardware and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	5 years
Maximum | Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	10 years

Revenue from Contracts with C_3

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Geography (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 2,225,052	$ 1,919,181	$ 923,885
Revenue Benchmark
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 2,225,052	$ 1,919,181	$ 923,885
Revenue Benchmark | Geographic Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	100%	100%	100%
Revenue Benchmark | United States and Canada
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 1,465,955	$ 1,298,938	$ 638,354
Revenue Benchmark | United States and Canada | Geographic Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	66%	68%	69%
Revenue Benchmark | Europe
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 404,431	$ 357,656	$ 168,303
Revenue Benchmark | Europe | Geographic Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	18%	19%	18%
Revenue Benchmark | Asia-Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 204,261	$ 145,464	$ 70,530
Revenue Benchmark | Asia-Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand | Geographic Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	8%	7%	8%
Revenue Benchmark | Rest of world
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 150,405	$ 117,123	$ 46,698
Revenue Benchmark | Rest of world | Geographic Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	7%	6%	5%
Revenue Benchmark | United States | Geographic Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	62%	63%	65%

Revenue from Contracts with C_4

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Additional Information (Details) - Revenue Benchmark - Product Concentration Risk	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Durable virtual items
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue	90%	89%	87%
Consumable virtual items
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue	10%	11%	13%

Leases - Schedule of Lease Expe

Leases - Schedule of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 90,933	$ 53,442
Variable and short-term lease expense	$ 11,586	$ 3,860

Leases - Additional Information

Leases - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 10, 2022 USD ($) ft² option	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease liabilities current		$ 73,235	$ 51,303
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]		Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Operating Lease, Lease Not Yet Commenced
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, lease not yet commenced, liability to be paid		$ 354,500
New Lease In San Mateo, California
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, lease not yet commenced, liability to be paid	$ 212,500
Additional leased space (in square feet) | ft²	218,554
Lessee, lease not yet commenced, term of contract	12 years
Number of renewal options | option	2
Operating lease, renewal term	5 years
Expected proceeds from tenant improvement allowance	$ 22,900
Minimum | Operating Lease, Lease Not Yet Commenced
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease term		7 years
Maximum | Operating Lease, Lease Not Yet Commenced
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease term		12 years

Leases - Schedule of Non-cancel

Leases - Schedule of Non-cancelable Operating Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 63,226
2024	114,195
2025	103,100
2026	88,077
2027	66,767
Thereafter	303,844
Total lease payments	739,209
Less: imputed interest	171,384
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 567,825

Leases - Schedule of Supplement

Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term	7 years 9 months 18 days	5 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted average discount rate	5.50%	4%
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$ 70,515	$ 52,942
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining new right-of-use assets (noncash)	373,844	70,068
Leasehold incentives received	$ 1,800	$ 9,100

Fair Value Measurements - Sched

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Assets, Related to Our Financial Instruments, Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Money market funds classified as cash equivalents | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial asset, fair value disclosure	$ 1,903,880	$ 2,853,055

Fair Value Measurements - Addit

Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Long-term Debt
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial liabilities, fair value disclosure	$ 788.2	$ 1,016.2

Acquisitions - Additional Infor

Acquisitions - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands					12 Months Ended
	Oct. 11, 2022 USD ($)	Apr. 01, 2022 USD ($) shares	Aug. 16, 2021 USD ($) shares	Dec. 11, 2020 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) acquisition	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Series of Individually Immaterial Asset Acquisitions
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Asset acquisition, number of asset acquisitions | acquisition					2
Asset acquisition, consideration					$ 8,500
Series of Individually Immaterial Asset Acquisitions | Assembled workforce
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired					$ 8,500
Estimated useful life (years)					3 years
Byfron Technologies
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination total consideration transferred value	$ 9,603
Cash holdback	$ 2,000
Holdback period	18 months
Founder service arrangement, amount	$ 9,600
Business combination consideration service period	3 years
Business combination research and development expense acquire, period of recognition	3 years
Cash paid	$ 7,603
Byfron Technologies | Developed technology
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated useful life (years)	5 years
Hamul, Inc.
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination total consideration transferred value		$ 19,323
Cash paid		9,185
Business combination unrecognized share based combination acquiree		$ 7,600
Business combination unrecognized share based combination acquiree period of recognition		3 years
Estimated useful life (years)		5 years
Hamul, Inc. | Common Class A
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination equity issued (in shares) | shares		385,093
Business combination fair value of equity issued or issuable		$ 4,000
Guilded
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination total consideration transferred value			$ 77,559
Cash paid			46,285
Business combination unrecognized share based combination acquiree			$ 8,500
Business combination unrecognized share based combination acquiree period of recognition			3 years
Guilded | Developed technology
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated useful life (years)			5 years
Guilded | Common Class A
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination equity issued (in shares) | shares			500,000
Business combination fair value of equity issued or issuable			$ 31,300
Loomai
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination total consideration transferred value				$ 86,694
Cash paid				45,998
Business combination unrecognized share based combination acquiree				$ 9,200
Business combination unrecognized share based combination acquiree period of recognition				3 years
Business combination transaction costs expensed				$ 800
Business combination goodwill deductible for tax purposes				6,700
Loomai | Developed technology
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired				$ 29,000
Estimated useful life (years)				5 years
Loomai | Common Class A
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination equity issued (in shares) | shares				1,300,000
Business combination fair value of equity issued or issuable				$ 40,700
Imbellus
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid				$ 8,800
Business combination equity issued (in shares) | shares				80,000
Business combination fair value of equity issued or issuable				$ 2,900
Imbellus | Developed technology
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired						$ 11,700
Estimated useful life (years)						5 years

Acquisitions - Schedule of Aggr

Acquisitions - Schedule of Aggregate Purchase Consideration (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 11, 2022	Apr. 01, 2022	Aug. 16, 2021	Dec. 11, 2020
Byfron Technologies
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid	$ 7,603
Cash holdback	2,000
Total purchase price	$ 9,603
Hamul, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid		$ 9,185
Common stock issued		4,009
Replacement awards attributable to pre-acquisition service		6,129
Total purchase price		$ 19,323
Guilded
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid			$ 46,285
Common stock issued			22,744
Replacement awards attributable to pre-acquisition service			8,530
Total purchase price			$ 77,559
Loomai
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid				$ 45,998
Common stock issued				35,203
Replacement awards attributable to pre-acquisition service				5,493
Total purchase price				$ 86,694

Acquisitions - Schedule of Fair

Acquisitions - Schedule of Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Oct. 11, 2022	Apr. 01, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Aug. 16, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 11, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 134,335			$ 118,071		$ 59,568
Byfron Technologies
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 380
Goodwill		3,882
Identified intangible assets		5,500
Other assets		169
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(328)
Total purchase price		$ 9,603
Hamul, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents			$ 3,020
Goodwill			12,382
Identified intangible assets			4,500
Deferred tax liabilities			(579)
Total purchase price			$ 19,323
Guilded
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents					$ 593
Goodwill					58,503
Identified intangible assets					19,600
Deferred tax liabilities					(999)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities					(138)
Total purchase price					$ 77,559
Loomai
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents							$ 5,080
Prepaid expenses and other current assets							45
Goodwill							59,568
Identified intangible assets							29,000
Deferred tax liabilities							(6,681)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities							(318)
Total purchase price							$ 86,694

Acquisitions - Schedule of Acqu

Acquisitions - Schedule of Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 11, 2022	Apr. 01, 2022	Aug. 16, 2021
Byfron Technologies
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Identified intangible assets	$ 5,500
Byfron Technologies | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Identified intangible assets	$ 5,500
Estimated Useful Life (Years)	5 years
Hamul, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Identified intangible assets		$ 4,500
Estimated Useful Life (Years)		5 years
Hamul, Inc. | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Identified intangible assets		$ 4,500
Guilded
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Identified intangible assets			$ 19,600
Guilded | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Identified intangible assets			$ 19,100
Estimated Useful Life (Years)			5 years
Guilded | Trade name
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Identified intangible assets			$ 500
Estimated Useful Life (Years)			5 years

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_2

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 118,071	$ 59,568
Addition from acquisition	16,264	58,503
Ending balance	$ 134,335	$ 118,071

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_3

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 82,559	$ 71,059
Accumulated Amortization	(28,415)	(11,966)
Total remaining amortization	54,144	59,093
Developed technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	72,059	62,059
Accumulated Amortization	(24,240)	(11,233)
Total remaining amortization	47,819	50,826
Assembled workforce
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	10,000	8,500
Accumulated Amortization	(4,042)	(708)
Total remaining amortization	5,958	7,792
Trade name
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	500	500
Accumulated Amortization	(133)	(25)
Total remaining amortization	$ 367	$ 475

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_4

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	$ 0.6	$ 0.6
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)	3 years 1 month 6 days
Amortization expense	$ 16.4	$ 10.8	$ 1.1
Developed technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)	3 years 3 months 18 days
Trade name
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)	1 year 9 months 18 days
Assembled workforce
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)	3 years 8 months 12 days

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_5

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule Of Expected Future Amortization Expenses Related To The Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 17,749
2024	16,696
2025	14,036
2026	4,613
2027	1,050
Thereafter	0
Total remaining amortization	$ 54,144	$ 59,093

Other Balance Sheet Component_2

Other Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Balance Sheet Components [Abstract]
Prepaid expenses	$ 45,173	$ 27,671
Other current assets	16,468	4,420
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$ 61,641	$ 32,091

Other Balance Sheet Component_3

Other Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 859,128	$ 424,879
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(266,782)	(153,527)
Property and equipment—net	592,346	271,352
Servers and related equipment and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	741,418	361,227
Computer hardware and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	23,647	16,154
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	446	179
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	69,311	30,482
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 24,306	$ 16,837

Other Balance Sheet Component_4

Other Balance Sheet Components - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Balance Sheet Components [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 113.7	$ 64.9	$ 42.7

Other Balance Sheet Component_5

Other Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Balance Sheet Components [Abstract]
Accrued operating expenses	$ 80,122	$ 56,134
Short term operating lease liabilities	73,235	51,303
Accrued interest on the 2030 Notes	6,458	6,781
Taxes payable	49,361	43,286
Accrued compensation and other employee related liabilities	21,003	14,511
Other current liability	5,827	8,754
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 236,006	$ 180,769

Debt - Schedule of Long-term De

Debt - Schedule of Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Oct. 29, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Net carrying amount	$ 1,290,620
Unsecured Debt | 2030 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	1,000,000	$ 1,000,000
Unamortized issuance costs	11,016	12,277	$ 12,500
Net carrying amount	$ 988,984	$ 987,723

Debt - Additional Information (

Debt - Additional Information (Details) - 2030 Notes - Unsecured Debt - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 29, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt instrument, aggregated principal amount	$ 1,000,000
Interest rate	3.875%
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs	$ 987,500
Unamortized issuance costs	$ 12,500	$ 11,016	$ 12,277
Effective interest rate		4.05%
Redemption Period, at Any Time Prior to November 1, 2024
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Percentage of principal amount of debt redeemed (up to)	40%
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	103.875%
Debt instrument, redemption terms, threshold percentage of principal amount outstanding	50%
Debt instrument, redemption terms, period	180 days
Redemption Period, at Any Time Prior to November 1, 2024
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	100%
Redemption Period, in Connection with Tender Offer
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption terms, percentage of outstanding debt hold by lender (no less than)	90%
Debt Instrument, redemption terms, period following purchase date (not more than)	30 days
Redemption Period, in Connection with Tender Offer | Minimum
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, redemption terms, prior notice period	10 days
Redemption Period, in Connection with Tender Offer | Maximum
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, redemption terms, prior notice period	60 days
Redemption Period, Certain Circumstances Involving Change of Control Event
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	101%

Debt - Schedule of Debt Instrum

Debt - Schedule of Debt Instrument Redemption (Details) - 2030 Notes - Unsecured Debt	Oct. 29, 2021
2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	101.938%
2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	100.969%
2026 and thereafter
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	100%

Debt - Schedule of Interest Exp

Debt - Schedule of Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total interest expense	$ 39,903	$ 6,998	$ 0
2030 Notes | Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense	38,642	6,781
Amortization of debt issuance costs	1,261	216
Total interest expense	$ 39,903	$ 6,997

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Purchase Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 225,707
2024	7,073
2025	1,366
2026	201
2027	56
Thereafter	0
Total	$ 234,403

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of 2030 Notes (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 38,750
2024	38,750
2025	38,750
2026	38,750
2027	38,750
Thereafter	1,096,870
Net carrying amount	$ 1,290,620

Commitments and Contingencies_3

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Letters of credit outstanding, amount	$ 9.9	$ 9.9

Convertible Preferred Stock - A

Convertible Preferred Stock - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2021	Mar. 09, 2021	Nov. 30, 2020
Series H Convertible Preferred Stock
Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Temporary equity shares issued during the period shares (in shares)		11,888,886
Temporary equity issue price (in dollars per share)	$ 45	$ 45
Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock		$ 534.3
Common Class A | Before Direct Listing
Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Conversion of temporary equity into permanent equity shares (in shares)			349,123,976
Common Class A | Affiliated Entity
Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Conversion of common stock from one class into another class (in shares)				57,300,000
Common Class B | Affiliated Entity
Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Conversion of common stock from one class into another class (in shares)				57,300,000

Convertible Preferred Stock - S

Convertible Preferred Stock - Schedule of Convertible Preferred Stock Outstanding (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	361,744		349,522
Shares outstanding (in shares)	349,124		337,235
Aggregate Liquidation Preference	$ 870,654		$ 335,654
Carrying Value of Preferred	$ 879,113		$ 344,827
A
Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	28,000		28,000
Shares outstanding (in shares)	16,358		16,358
Per share price at issuance (in dollars per share)	$ 0.02		$ 0.02
Per share conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.02		$ 0.02
Aggregate Liquidation Preference	$ 327		$ 327
Carrying Value of Preferred	$ 313		$ 313
B
Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	45,532		45,532
Shares outstanding (in shares)	45,532		45,532
Per share price at issuance (in dollars per share)	$ 0.03		$ 0.03
Per share conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.03		$ 0.03
Aggregate Liquidation Preference	$ 1,070		$ 1,070
Carrying Value of Preferred	$ 1,054		$ 1,054
C
Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	95,290		95,290
Shares outstanding (in shares)	95,290		95,290
Per share price at issuance (in dollars per share)	$ 0.03		$ 0.03
Per share conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.03		$ 0.03
Aggregate Liquidation Preference	$ 2,935		$ 2,935
Carrying Value of Preferred	$ 4,150		$ 4,150
D
Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	54,860		54,860
Shares outstanding (in shares)	54,215		54,215
Per share price at issuance (in dollars per share)	$ 0.04		$ 0.04
Per share conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.04		$ 0.04
Aggregate Liquidation Preference	$ 2,150		$ 2,150
Carrying Value of Preferred	$ 2,097		$ 2,097
D-1
Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	44,706		44,706
Shares outstanding (in shares)	44,706		44,706
Per share price at issuance (in dollars per share)	$ 0.09		$ 0.09
Per share conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.09		$ 0.09
Aggregate Liquidation Preference	$ 4,172		$ 4,172
Carrying Value of Preferred	$ 12,998		$ 12,998
E
Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	24,340		24,340
Shares outstanding (in shares)	24,340		24,340
Per share price at issuance (in dollars per share)	$ 1.03		$ 1.03
Per share conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.03		$ 1.03
Aggregate Liquidation Preference	$ 25,000		$ 25,000
Carrying Value of Preferred	$ 24,906		$ 24,906
F
Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	33,149		33,149
Shares outstanding (in shares)	33,149		33,149
Per share price at issuance (in dollars per share)	$ 4.53		$ 4.53
Per share conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 4.53		$ 4.53
Aggregate Liquidation Preference	$ 150,000		$ 150,000
Carrying Value of Preferred	$ 149,640		$ 149,640
G
Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	23,645		23,645
Shares outstanding (in shares)	23,645		23,645
Per share price at issuance (in dollars per share)	$ 6.34		$ 6.34
Per share conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 6.34		$ 6.34
Aggregate Liquidation Preference	$ 150,000		$ 150,000
Carrying Value of Preferred	$ 149,669		$ 149,669
H
Convertible Preferred Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	12,222
Shares outstanding (in shares)	11,889
Per share price at issuance (in dollars per share)	$ 45	$ 45
Per share conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 45
Aggregate Liquidation Preference	$ 535,000
Carrying Value of Preferred	$ 534,286

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit_2

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 shares	Mar. 31, 2021 shares	Dec. 31, 2020 shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)			361,744,000	349,522,000
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000,000	5,000,000,000
Common stock, conversion ratio	1
Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000
Convertible preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Common Class A
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	4,935,000,000	4,935,000,000
Common Class A | Certificate Of Incorporation Restated
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	4,935,000,000
Common stock, voting rights per share | vote	1
Common Class B
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	65,000,000	65,000,000
Term of conversion, threshold percentage of common stock outstanding	67%
Maximum percentage of stock outstanding of a particular class before which shares of another class are converted into this class	30%
Common Class B | David Baszucki Founder
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Class B common stock converted into Class A common stock (in shares)		6,000,000
Common Class B | Certificate Of Incorporation Restated
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	65,000,000
Common stock, voting rights per share | vote	20

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit_3

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - Schedule of Future Issuance (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	165,630	148,863	454,958
Convertible preferred stock outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	0	0	337,235
Stock options outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	51,591	63,267	98,502
RSUs outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	30,322	14,684	3,061
Performance Shares | CEO Long-Term Performance Award
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	11,500	11,500	0
Performance Shares | 2022 PSU Grants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	415	0	0
2020 Equity Incentive Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	59,945	52,811	15,448
2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	11,093	5,809	0
Stock warrants outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	264	324	324
RSAs outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	500	468	388

Stock-based Compensation - Addi

Stock-based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands

1 Months Ended

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares

Feb. 28, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) period tranche segment $ / shares shares

Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)

Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)

Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) period tranche segment $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2004

Mar. 31, 2020 shares

Dec. 31, 2019 $ / shares

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares) | shares

165,630,000

165,630,000

148,863,000

454,958,000

Grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 9.35

Share-based compensation arrangement options, exercises in period, intrinsic value

$ 423,300

$ 2,548,300

$ 189,500

Share-based compensation, options vested in period, fair value

64,100

79,900

29,800

Share based payment arrangement, unvested award options, cost not yet recognized, amount

$ 85,700

85,700

Stock-based compensation

$ 589,498

341,942

79,158

Tender Offer

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock-based compensation

$ 35,200

Common Stock | Tender Offer

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Number of shares offered by existing shareholders to buy shares from employees and former employees (in shares) | shares

31,100,000

G | Tender Offer

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Number of shares offered by existing shareholders to buy shares from employees and former employees (in shares) | shares

24,000,000

2020 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock options to be granted price as a percentage of fair value

110%

Percentage of voting stock eligible for options

10%

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement contractual term of stock options

24 months

Share based payment arrangement, plan modification, incremental cost

$ 4,700

2020 Equity Incentive Plan | Common Class A

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares) | shares

60,000,000

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance, annual increase (in shares) | shares

75,000,000

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance, annual increase, percent

5%

2020 Equity Incentive Plan | Holders of Ten Percent or More of The Voting Equity Capital

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement contractual term of stock options

5 years

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock-based compensation

$ 25,700

$ 9,900

Employee Stock Purchase Plan | Common Class A

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock options to be granted price as a percentage of fair value

85%

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares) | shares

6,000,000

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance, annual increase (in shares) | shares

15,000,000

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance, annual increase, percent

1%

Offering period, employee stock purchase plan

24 months

Number of purchase periods | segment

4

4

Purchase period, employee stock purchase plan

6 months

Stock options outstanding

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares) | shares

51,591,000

51,591,000

63,267,000

98,502,000

Share based payment arrangement, unvested award, period for recognition

1 year 8 months 12 days

Stock options outstanding | 2014 Incentive Stock Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement number of shares available for issuance (in shares) | shares

0

0

Stock options outstanding | 2014 Incentive Stock Plan | Holders of Ten Percent or More of The Voting Equity Capital

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Percentage of voting stock eligible for options

10%

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement contractual term of stock options

5 years

Stock options outstanding | 2017 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Percentage of voting stock eligible for options

10%

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement number of shares available for issuance (in shares) | shares

0

0

Stock options outstanding | 2017 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan | Holders of Ten Percent or More of The Voting Equity Capital

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement contractual term of stock options

5 years

RSUs outstanding

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares) | shares

30,322,000

30,322,000

14,684,000

3,061,000

Share based payment arrangement, unvested award, period for recognition

2 years 10 months 24 days

Unrecognized compensation, equity instruments other than options

$ 1,422,000

$ 1,422,000

Stock-based compensation

$ 21,300

Service period

4 years

Grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 48.73

$ 48.73

$ 68.03

$ 31.55

$ 3.35

Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 41.09

$ 78.92

$ 31.55

RSUs outstanding | CEO Long-Term Performance Award | Founder CEO

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Unrecognized compensation, equity instruments other than options

$ 232,200

$ 232,200

$ 141,300

$ 141,300

Stock-based compensation

$ 48,900

$ 42,000

Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares

11,500,000

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, beginning of award performance period, period after effective date

2 years

Number of consecutive trading days for the stock hurdle price to be achieved

90 days

Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 165

$ 165

Grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 20.19

$ 20.19

RSUs outstanding | Founder And Ceo Long Term Performance Award | Founder CEO

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, number of tranches | tranche

7

7

Unregistered Restricted Stock Awards

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Unrecognized compensation, equity instruments other than options

$ 13,200

$ 13,200

Service period

1 year 9 months 18 days

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2022 PSU Grants

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Unrecognized compensation, equity instruments other than options

$ 5,900

$ 5,900

Stock-based compensation

$ 3,000

PSU target number of shares (in shares) | shares

207,284

207,284

Performance stock units, performance period

3 years

Share-based payment award, number of measurement periods | period

5

5

Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 43.13

Estimated total share-based payment expense

$ 8,900

$ 8,900

2020 ESPP

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement contractual term of stock options

24 months

Share based payment arrangement, plan modification, incremental cost

$ 5,100

Minimum | 2020 Equity Incentive Plan | Holders of Ten Percent or More of The Voting Equity Capital

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock options to be granted price as a percentage of fair value

100%

Minimum | Stock options outstanding

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 4.61

Minimum | Stock options outstanding | 2014 Incentive Stock Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock options to be granted price as a percentage of fair value

85%

Minimum | Stock options outstanding | 2014 Incentive Stock Plan | Holders of Ten Percent or More of The Voting Equity Capital

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock options to be granted price as a percentage of fair value

110%

Minimum | Stock options outstanding | 2017 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan | Holders of Ten Percent or More of The Voting Equity Capital

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock options to be granted price as a percentage of fair value

110%

Minimum | RSUs outstanding | CEO Long-Term Performance Award | Founder CEO

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based payment arrangement, unvested award, period for recognition

3 years 5 months 12 days

Minimum | Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2022 PSU Grants

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Percentage of shares earned of the target number of shares

0%

0%

Maximum | 2020 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement contractual term of stock options

10 years

Maximum | Stock options outstanding

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 21.06

Maximum | Stock options outstanding | 2014 Incentive Stock Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement contractual term of stock options

10 years

Maximum | Stock options outstanding | 2017 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement contractual term of stock options

10 years

Maximum | RSUs outstanding | CEO Long-Term Performance Award | Founder CEO

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based payment arrangement, unvested award, period for recognition

5 years 4 months 17 days

Maximum | Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2022 PSU Grants

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Percentage of shares earned of the target number of shares

200%

200%

Stock-based Compensation - Sche

Stock-based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 589,498	$ 341,942	$ 79,158
Infrastructure and trust & safety
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	56,197	35,255	7,396
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	398,899	219,851	39,402
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	109,607	72,929	25,939
Sales and marketing
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 24,795	$ 13,907	$ 6,421

Stock-based Compensation - Sc_2

Stock-based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Valuation Assumptions (Details) - Stock Options	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 $ / shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk free interest rate, minimum	0.50%
Risk free interest rate, maximum	1.80%
Expected volatility rate, minimum	35.40%
Expected volatility rate, maximum	39.80%
Dividend yield	0%
Expected terms (in years)	7 years
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value of the underlying Class A common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 4.61
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value of the underlying Class A common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 21.06

Stock-based Compensation - Sc_3

Stock-based Compensation - Schedule of the Company's Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Number of Shares Subject to Options
Beginning balance (in shares)	63,267	98,502	99,682
Granted (in shares)	0	0	23,269
Cancelled, forfeited, and expired (in shares)	(2,061)	(1,862)	(3,859)
Exercised (in shares)	(9,615)	(33,373)	(20,590)
Ending balance (in shares)	51,591	63,267	98,502
Exercisable (in shares)	40,018
Vested and expected to vest (in shares)	51,591
Weighted- Average Exercise Price (per Option)
Beginning balance, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.82	$ 2.55	$ 1.66
Granted, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	0	0	4.73
Cancelled, forfeited, and expired, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	4.06	3.95	2.39
Exercised, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	2.37	1.95	0.74
Ending balance, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	2.85	$ 2.82	$ 2.55
Exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	2.42
Vested and expected to vest, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.85
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	6 years	6 years 11 months 19 days	7 years 9 months 3 days
Exercisable, remaining contractual term	5 years 7 months 24 days
Vested and expected to vest, remaining contractual term	6 years
Aggregate intrinsic value	$ 1,321,183	$ 6,348,395	$ 3,838,994
Exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value	1,042,119
Vested and expected to vest, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 1,321,183

Stock-based Compensation - Sc_4

Stock-based Compensation - Schedule of Company's Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards Activity (Details) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Restricted Stock Units
Number of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	14,684	3,061	30
Granted (in shares)	25,540	13,382	3,061
Vested (in shares)	(8,169)	(1,376)	(30)
Cancelled (in shares)	(1,733)	(383)
Ending balance (in shares)	30,322	14,684	3,061
Weighted- Average Grant Date Value per Share
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 68.03	$ 31.55	$ 3.35
Granted (in dollars per share)	41.09	78.92	31.55
Vested (in dollars per share)	57.65	38.46	3.35
Cancelled (in dollars per share)	57.58	52.78
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 48.73	$ 68.03	$ 31.55
Unregistered Restricted Stock Awards
Number of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	468	388	0
Granted (in shares)	298	209	388
Vested (in shares)	(266)	(129)	0
Cancelled (in shares)	0	0
Ending balance (in shares)	500	468	388
Weighted- Average Grant Date Value per Share
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 57.37	$ 37.75	$ 0
Granted (in dollars per share)	46	81.67	37.75
Vested (in dollars per share)	53.67	37.75	0
Cancelled (in dollars per share)	0	0
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 52.55	$ 57.37	$ 37.75

Stock-based Compensation - Sc_5

Stock-based Compensation - Schedule of Measured Based on an Average of Our Stock Price (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company Stock Price Hurdle (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 165
Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares	750,000
Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date	2 years
Tranche Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company Stock Price Hurdle (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 200
Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares	750,000
Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date	3 years
Tranche Three
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company Stock Price Hurdle (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 235
Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares	2,000,000
Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date	4 years
Tranche Four
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company Stock Price Hurdle (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 270
Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares	2,000,000
Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date	5 years
Tranche Five
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company Stock Price Hurdle (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 305
Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares	2,000,000
Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date	5 years
Tranche Six
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company Stock Price Hurdle (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 340
Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares	2,000,000
Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date	5 years
Tranche Seven
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company Stock Price Hurdle (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 375
Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares	2,000,000
Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date	5 years

Stock-based Compensation - Valu

Stock-based Compensation - Valuation of ESPP Program (Details) - Employee Stock Purchase Plan	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk free interest rate, minimum	0.71%	0.06%
Risk free interest rate, maximum	3.35%	0.25%
Expected volatility rate, minimum	54.16%	46.97%
Expected volatility rate, maximum	81.51%	56.91%
Dividend yield	0%	0%
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected terms (in years)	6 months	5 months 8 days
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected terms (in years)	2 years 3 days	2 years

Employee Benefit Plan - Additio

Employee Benefit Plan - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, employer contribution amount	$ 14.6	$ 9.3	$ 5.1
First Three Percent Contribution
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of match	100%
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of employees' gross pay	3%
Next Two Percent Contribution
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of match	50%
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of employees' gross pay	2%

Joint Venture - Additional Info

Joint Venture - Additional Information (Details) - Roblox China Holding Corp $ in Millions	Feb. 28, 2019 USD ($)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment ownership percentage	51%
Songhua River Investment Limited
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Minority interest percentage in joint venture	49%
Songhua River Investment Limited
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Contribution by non controlling interest to the joint venture	$ 50

Income Taxes - Schedule of Inco

Income Taxes - Schedule of Income (Loss) before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Domestic	$ (916,592)	$ (472,141)	$ (244,395)
Foreign	(13,997)	(31,659)	(19,952)
Loss before income taxes	$ (930,589)	$ (503,800)	$ (264,347)

Income Taxes - Schedule of Comp

Income Taxes - Schedule of Components of Income Tax Provision (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current provision:
Federal	$ 144	$ 0	$ 0
State	2,405	678	10
Foreign	1,582	0	25
Total current provision	4,131	678	35
Deferred provision:
Federal	(474)	(878)	(6,032)
State	(105)	(120)	(659)
Foreign	0	0	0
Total deferred provision	(579)	(998)	(6,691)
Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes	$ 3,552	$ (320)	$ (6,656)

Income Taxes - Schedule of Effe

Income Taxes - Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal tax (benefit) at statutory rate	21%	21%	21%
State tax (benefit) at statutory rate, net of federal benefit	2%	2%	1%
Research and development credits	2%	10%	3%
Change in valuation allowance	(21.00%)	(117.00%)	(21.00%)
Stock-based compensation	(4.00%)	84%	0%
Foreign rate differential	0%	0%	(2.00%)
Other	0%	0%	1%
Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes	0%	0%	3%

Income Taxes - Schedule of Defe

Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses	$ 13,593	$ 11,466	$ 5,781
Deferred revenue	198,130	107,221	35,026
Net operating loss carryforwards	490,309	505,668	76,509
Tax credit carryforwards	85,527	65,855	17,052
Stock-based compensation	28,238	35,368	3,891
Operating lease liabilities	130,688	56,897	0
Capitalized research and development	178,488	0	0
Interest	0	1,556	0
Other	1,988	1,369	766
Total gross deferred tax asset	1,126,961	785,400	139,025
Less: valuation allowance	(907,226)	(711,297)	(122,328)
Net deferred tax assets	219,735	74,103	16,697
Deferred tax liabilities:
Fixed assets	(92,009)	(13,889)	(10,934)
Intangible assets	(6,694)	(9,060)	(5,763)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(121,032)	(51,154)	0
Total deferred tax liabilities	(219,735)	(74,103)	(16,697)
Net deferred taxes	0	0	0
Net deferred taxes	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Income Taxes - Additional Infor

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Valuation allowance, period increase (decrease)	$ 195,900,000	$ 589,000,000	$ 57,900,000
Unrecognized tax benefits	96,372,000	72,919,000	19,386,000	$ 10,121,000
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate	1,100,000
Significant change in unrecognized tax benefits is reasonably possible, amount of unrecorded benefit	0
Unrecognized tax benefits, income tax penalties and interest accrued	200,000	$ 0	$ 0
Domestic Tax Authority | Federal
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	2,026,600,000
Domestic Tax Authority | Federal | Research Tax Credit Carryforward
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Research and development tax credit	112,400,000
State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	893,000,000
State and Local Jurisdiction | California Franchise Tax Board | Research Tax Credit Carryforward
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Research and development tax credit	76,300,000
Foreign Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 54,500,000

Income Taxes - Schedule of Unre

Income Taxes - Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year	$ 72,919	$ 19,386	$ 10,121
Increases related to current year tax positions	25,458	53,440	8,998
Increases related to prior year tax positions	865	93	481
Decreases related to prior year tax positions	(2,870)	0	(215)
Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year	$ 96,372	$ 72,919	$ 19,386

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Pe_3

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share - Schedule of Calculation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Numerator
Consolidated net loss	$ (934,141)	$ (503,480)	$ (257,691)
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(9,775)	(11,829)	(4,437)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (924,366)	$ (491,651)	$ (253,254)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in shares)	595,559,000	505,858,000	182,108,000
Weighted-average common shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	595,559,000	505,858,000	182,108,000
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (1.55)	$ (0.97)	$ (1.39)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1.55)	$ (0.97)	$ (1.39)

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Pe_4

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share - Schedule of Antidilutive Securities (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in share)	84,988	79,266	439,510
Stock options outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in share)	51,591	63,267	98,502
RSUs outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in share)	30,322	14,684	3,061
2020 ESPP
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in share)	2,311	523	0
Stock warrants outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in share)	264	324	324
RSAs outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in share)	500	468	388
Convertible preferred stock outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in share)	0	0	337,235

Geographic Information (Details

Geographic Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment—net	$ 592,346	$ 271,352
United States
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment—net	553,127	239,889
Rest of world
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment—net	$ 39,219	$ 31,463

Subsequent Events - (Details)

Subsequent Events - (Details) - Subsequent Event $ in Millions	Feb. 11, 2023 USD ($) ft²
Sub Lease Agreement
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Area of real estate property | ft²	179,496
Operating lease term	7 years
Sub Lease Agreement | Minimum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, annual base rent amount	$ 12
Sub Lease Agreement | Maximum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, annual base rent amount	$ 15
Sub Lessor Agreement
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Area of real estate property | ft²	78,911
Lessor term of contract	4 years
Sub Lessor Agreement | Minimum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Lessor, operating lease, expected annual income	$ 4
Sub Lessor Agreement | Maximum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Lessor, operating lease, expected annual income	$ 6