Roblox (RBLX) 10-K 18 Feb 25 2024 FY Annual report Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Feb. 03, 2025	Jun. 28, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-04321
Entity Registrant Name	Roblox Corporation
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-0991664
Entity Address, Address Line One	3150 South Delaware Street
Entity Address, City or Town	San Mateo
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94403
City Area Code	888
Local Phone Number	858-2569
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A common stock, par value of $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	RBLX
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 17.4
Documents Incorporated by Reference	DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Registrants’ definitive proxy statement relating to its 2025 annual meeting of shareholders (the “2025 Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. The 2025 Proxy Statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.
Entity Central Index Key	0001315098
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false
Common Class A
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		618,997,327
Common Class B
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		48,302,658

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Auditor Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Auditor Location	San Jose, California
Auditor Firm ID	34

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 711,683	$ 678,466
Short-term investments	1,697,862	1,514,808
Accounts receivable—net of allowances	614,838	505,769
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	75,415	74,549
Deferred cost of revenue, current portion	628,232	501,821
Total current assets	3,728,030	3,275,413
Long-term investments	1,610,215	1,043,399
Property and equipment—net	659,589	695,360
Operating lease right-of-use assets	665,885	665,107
Deferred cost of revenue, long-term	321,824	283,326
Intangible assets, net	34,153	53,060
Goodwill	141,688	142,129
Other assets	13,619	10,284
Total assets	7,175,003	6,168,078
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	42,885	60,087
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	275,754	271,121
Developer exchange liability	339,600	314,866
Deferred revenue—current portion	3,004,969	2,406,292
Total current liabilities	3,663,208	3,052,366
Deferred revenue—net of current portion	1,567,007	1,373,250
Operating lease liabilities	670,051	646,506
Long-term debt, net	1,006,371	1,005,000
Other long-term liabilities	59,712	22,330
Total liabilities	6,966,349	6,099,452
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock issued, value	62	61
Additional paid-in capital	4,220,916	3,134,946
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	(3,895)	1,536
Accumulated deficit	(3,995,637)	(3,060,253)
Total Roblox Corporation Stockholders’ equity	221,446	76,290
Noncontrolling interest	(12,792)	(7,664)
Total Stockholders’ equity	208,654	68,626
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ equity	$ 7,175,003	$ 6,168,078

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	666,419	631,221
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	666,419	631,221
Common Class A
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	4,935,000	4,935,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	618,116	581,135
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	618,116	581,135
Common Class B
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	65,000	65,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	48,303	50,086
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	48,303	50,086

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue		$ 3,601,979	$ 2,799,274	$ 2,225,052
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue	[1]	801,162	649,115	547,658
Developer exchange fees		922,821	740,752	623,855
Infrastructure and trust & safety		915,418	878,361	689,081
Research and development		1,444,207	1,253,598	873,477
General and administrative		407,507	390,055	297,317
Sales and marketing		174,181	146,460	117,448
Total costs and expenses		4,665,296	4,058,341	3,148,836
Loss from operations		(1,063,317)	(1,259,067)	(923,784)
Interest income		179,531	141,818	38,842
Interest expense		(41,184)	(40,707)	(39,903)
Other income/(expense), net		(11,530)	(527)	(5,744)
Loss before income taxes		(936,500)	(1,158,483)	(930,589)
Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes		4,114	454	3,552
Consolidated net loss		(940,614)	(1,158,937)	(934,141)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		(5,230)	(6,991)	(9,775)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders		$ (935,384)	$ (1,151,946)	$ (924,366)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)		$ (1.44)	$ (1.87)	$ (1.55)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)		$ (1.44)	$ (1.87)	$ (1.55)
Weighted-average common shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in shares)		647,482	616,445	595,559
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders—diluted (in shares)		647,482	616,445	595,559
[1] Depreciation of servers and infrastructure equipment included in infrastructure and trust & safety.

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Consolidated net loss	$ (940,614)	$ (1,158,937)	$ (934,141)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(3,507)	1,089	1,287
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale marketable securities	(1,822)	94	0
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(5,329)	1,183	1,287
Total comprehensive loss, including noncontrolling interest	(945,943)	(1,157,754)	(932,854)
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(5,230)	(6,991)	(9,775)
Less: cumulative translation adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interest	102	318	678
Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest, net of tax	(5,128)	(6,673)	(9,097)
Total comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (940,815)	$ (1,151,081)	$ (923,757)

Consolidated Statements of Stoc

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Class A and Class B Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Non- Controlling Interest
Balance beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		585,878
Balance beginning at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 592,923	$ 58	$ 1,568,638	$ 62	$ (983,941)	$ 8,106
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)	9,615	9,615
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	$ 22,778	$ 1	22,777
Issuance of unregistered restricted stock awards granted in conjunction with a business combination (in shares)		385
Issuance of unregistered restricted stock awards granted in conjunction with a business combination	10,138		10,138
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (in shares)		575
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	22,702		22,702
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		8,169
Withholding taxes related to net share settlement of restricted stock units (in shares)		(3)
Withholding taxes related to net share settlement of restricted stock units	(150)		(150)
Stock-based compensation expense	589,498		589,498
Other (in shares)		55
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	1,287			609		678
Net loss	(934,141)				(924,366)	(9,775)
Balance ending (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		604,674
Balance ending at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 305,035	$ 59	2,213,603	671	(1,908,307)	(991)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)	10,670	10,670
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	$ 23,749	$ 2	23,747
Issuance of unregistered restricted stock awards granted in conjunction with a business combination (in shares)		14,812
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (in shares)		1,065
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	29,629		29,629
Stock-based compensation expense	867,967		867,967
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	1,183			865		318
Net loss	$ (1,158,937)				(1,151,946)	(6,991)
Balance ending (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	631,221	631,221
Balance ending at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 68,626	$ 61	3,134,946	1,536	(3,060,253)	(7,664)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)	12,498	12,498
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	$ 34,410	$ 1	34,409
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (in shares)		1,530
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	35,767		35,767
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		21,170
Stock-based compensation expense	1,015,794		1,015,794
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(5,329)			(5,431)		102
Net loss	$ (940,614)				(935,384)	(5,230)
Balance ending (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	666,419	666,419
Balance ending at Dec. 31, 2024	$ 208,654	$ 62	$ 4,220,916	$ (3,895)	$ (3,995,637)	$ (12,792)

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Consolidated net loss	$ (940,614)	$ (1,158,937)	$ (934,141)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss including noncontrolling interests to net cash and cash equivalents provided by operations:
Depreciation and amortization expense	226,437	208,142	130,083
Stock-based compensation expense	1,015,794	867,967	589,498
Operating lease non-cash expense	118,119	97,063	69,100
(Accretion)/amortization on marketable securities, net	(82,835)	(73,162)	0
Amortization of debt issuance costs	1,371	1,316	1,261
Impairment expense, (gain)/loss on investments and other asset sales, and other, net	3,072	8,969	361
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	(110,479)	(126,172)	(72,479)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(3,140)	(12,770)	(33,769)
Deferred cost of revenue	(165,697)	(139,879)	(101,719)
Other assets	(3,376)	(5,961)	(1,221)
Accounts payable	(7,527)	(3,475)	10,302
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(2,705)	8,680	19,560
Developer exchange liability	24,734	83,162	67,798
Deferred revenue	795,422	742,294	662,378
Operating lease liabilities	(77,428)	(50,454)	(47,875)
Other long-term liabilities	31,168	11,397	10,159
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities	822,316	458,180	369,296
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment	(179,646)	(320,667)	(426,163)
Payments related to business combination, net of cash acquired	(2,840)	(3,859)	(13,388)
Purchases of intangible assets	(1,370)	(13,500)	(1,500)
Purchases of investments	(4,642,540)	(4,591,974)	0
Maturities of investments	3,351,970	1,642,719	0
Sales of investments	622,354	462,182	0
Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities	(852,072)	(2,825,099)	(441,051)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	70,344	53,226	45,752
Payment of withholding taxes related to net share settlement of restricted stock units	0	0	(150)
Financing payments related to acquisitions	(4,450)	(750)	(150)
Proceeds from debt issuances	0	14,700	0
Payment of debt issuance costs	0	0	(154)
Other financing activities	0	0	(1,656)
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by financing activities	65,894	67,176	43,642
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(2,921)	735	1,287
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	33,217	(2,299,008)	(26,826)
Cash and cash equivalents
Beginning balance	678,466	2,977,474	3,004,300
Ending balance	711,683	678,466	2,977,474
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	38,750	38,750	38,965
Cash paid for income taxes, net	1,141	3,145	953
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Property and equipment additions in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities	26,748	31,340	57,199
Intangible asset purchases in accounts payable	0	1,200	0
Fair value of unregistered restricted stock awards issued as consideration for a business combination	$ 0	$ 0	$ 10,138

Overview and Summary of Signifi

Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	1. Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Organization and Description of Business —Roblox Corporation (the “Company” or “Roblox”) was incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware in March 2004. The Company operates a free to use immersive platform for connection and communication (the “Roblox Platform” or “Platform”) where people come to create, play, work, learn, and connect with each other in experiences built by our global community of creators. Users are free to immerse themselves in experiences on the Roblox Platform and can acquire experience-specific enhancements or avatar items by using purchased Robux, our virtual currency. Any user can be a developer or creator on the Platform using Roblox Studio, a set of free software tools. Developers and creators build the experiences that are published on Roblox and can earn Robux by monetizing their experience, creating and selling or reselling avatar items, or creating and selling Roblox Studio plugins. Direct Listing —On March 10, 2021, the Company completed a direct listing of its Class A common stock (“Direct Listing”) on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Fiscal Year —The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31. Basis of Presentation —The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Principles of Consolidation —The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries over which the Company has control. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The consolidated financial statements include 100% of the accounts of wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries, and the ownership interest of minority investors is recorded as noncontrolling interest. Use of Estimates —The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the estimated period of time the virtual items are available to the user, which is estimated as the average lifetime of a paying user, and the estimated amount of consumable and durable virtual items purchased for which the Company lacks specific information that is used for revenue recognition, the estimated amount of expected breakage related to prepaid card sales, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, fair value of assets and liabilities acquired through acquisitions, accrued liabilities (including accrued developer exchange fees), contingent liabilities, valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, stock-based compensation expense, the discount rate used in measuring our operati ng lease liabilities, the carrying value of operating lease right-of-use assets, evaluation of recoverability of goodwill, intangible assets and long-lived assets, and as necessary, estimates of fair value to measure impairment losses. Management believes that the estimates, and judgments upon which they rely, are reasonable based upon information available to them at the time that these estimates and judgments are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s consolidated financial statements will be affected. Revenue Recognition Roblox Platform The Company operates the Roblox Platform as live services that allow users to play and socialize with others for free. However, users can purchase virtual currency (“Robux”) to ultimately obtain virtual items to enhance their social experience. Proceeds from the sale of Robux are initially recorded in deferred revenue and recognized as revenue as a user purchases and uses virtual items. The Company classifies deferred revenue as short-term or long-term based on when the Company expects to recognize the revenue. The Company’s identified performance obligation is to provide users with the ability to acquire, use, and hold virtual items on the Roblox Platform over the estimated period of time the virtual items are available to the user or until the virtual items are consumed. Users can purchase Robux as one-time purchases or through monthly subscriptions via payment processors or through prepaid cards. The Company offers prepaid cards through online and physical retailers, as well as on the Company website. The Company estimates expected breakage on prepaid card sales by taking into consideration historical patterns of redemption and escheatment laws as applicable. Payments from users are non-refundable and relate to non-cancellable contracts for a fixed price that specify Company’s obligations. Revenue is recorded net of taxes assessed by government authorities that are both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue transactions between the Company and its users, and estimated chargebacks and refunds. The satisfaction of the Company’s performance obligation is dependent on the nature of the virtual item purchased and as a result, the Company categorizes its virtual items as either consumable or durable. • Consumable virtual items represent items that can be consumed by a specific user action (e.g. a one-time boost or the ability to skip or redo an action). Common characteristics of consumable virtual items may include items that are no longer displayed on the user’s inventory after a short period of time or do not provide the user any continuing benefit following consumption. For the sale of consumable virtual items, the Company recognizes revenue as the items are consumed. • Durable virtual items represent items which result in a persistent change to a users’ character or item set (e.g., virtual hat, pet, or house). These items are generally available to the customer to hold, use, or display for as long as they are on the Roblox Platform. The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of durable virtual items ratably over the estimated period of time the items are available to the user which is estimated as the average lifetime of a paying user. To separately account for consumable and durable virtual items, the Company specifically identifies each purchase for the majority of virtual items purchased on the Roblox Platform. For the remaining population, the Company estimates the amount of consumable and durable virtual items purchased based on data from specifically identified purchases and the expected behavior of the users within similar experiences. The estimation of consumable and durable virtual items purchased for the population of purchases not specifically identified requires management’s judgment as the Company evaluates and estimates the expected behavior of users in the population using information from known purchases in similar experiences. At the onset of each quarter, the average lifetime of a paying user estimate is calculated based on historical monthly retention data for each user cohort to project future participation on the Roblox Platform. Determining the estimated average lifetime of a paying user requires management’s judgment as the Company analyzes the most recent trends in player cohort activity and other qualitative factors, including changes to paying user behavior influenced by broader product changes and/or content virality, the availability of the Roblox Platform across markets and user demographics, impacts due to macroeconomic factors such as COVID-19, existing and new competition from a variety of entertainment resources for our users, and other factors. The Company also considers results from prior analyses in determining the estimated average lifetime of a paying user. The Company believes this estimate is the best representation of the average life of the durable virtual items. In the second quarter of 2024, the Company updated its estimated paying user life from 28 months to 27 months, where it remained through December 31, 2024. Based on the carrying amount of deferred revenue and deferred cost of revenue as of March 31, 2024, the change resulted in an increase in revenue and cost of revenue of $98.0 million and $20.4 million, respectively, during fiscal year 2024. The estimated paying user life was 28 months during fiscal year 2023. In the first quarter of 2022, the Company updated its estimated paying user life from 23 months to 25 months, which was subsequently updated again to 28 months in the third quarter of 2022. Based on the carrying amount of deferred revenue and deferred cost of revenue as of December 31, 2021, these changes in estimates resulted in a decrease in revenue and cost of revenue of $344.9 million and $79.3 million, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2022. Principal Agent Considerations The Company evaluates the sales of Robux via third-party payment processors to determine whether its revenues should be reported gross or net of fees either retained by the payment processor or paid to the developers and creators (“Developer Exchange Fees”). The Company is the principal in the transaction with the end user as a result of controlling, hosting, and integrating the delivery of the virtual items to the end user. The Company records revenue gross as a principal and records fees paid to payment processors as a component of cost of revenue and fees paid to developers and creators as a component of developer exchange fees expense. Other Revenue Other revenue primarily consists of revenue from advertising, licenses, and royalties. The Company recognizes revenue based on the performance obligations of the underlying agreements, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to. Cost of Revenue —Cost of revenue primarily consists of third-party payment processing fees charged by various distribution channels in connection with sales of our virtual currency. Cost of revenue also includes sales tax expense for jurisdictions where the Company does not collect sales tax from the purchaser at the time of the sale and costs associated with the printing of prepaid cards. Deferred Cost of Revenue —The Company defers contract costs that are direct and incremental to obtaining user contracts (i.e., sales of Robux). Deferred cost of revenue consists of payment processing fees charged by third-party payment processors. Payment processing fees are amortized over the estimated period of time the virtual items are available to the user on the Roblox Platform (based on the nature of the virtual item as either consumable or durable) in proportion to the revenue recognized. The Company classifies deferred cost of revenue as short-term or long-term based on when the Company expects to recognize the expense. Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers —Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, long-term investments and accounts receivables. Cash is deposited with high quality financial institutions and may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s cash deposits are financially creditworthy and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to those balances. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and therefore, bear minimal interest rate risk. As it relates to cash equivalents, short-term investments, and long-term investments, the Company’s investment policy limits the amount of credit exposure in its portfolio by imposing credit rating minimums and limiting purchases by security type. The Company uses various distribution channels to collect and remit payments from users. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, one distribution channel accounted for 29% and 30% of our accounts receivable, respectively, while a second distribution channel accounted for 26% and 26% of our accounts receivable, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, one distribution channel processed 30%, 30%, and 32% of our overall revenue transactions, respectively, and a second distribution channel processed 16%, 17%, and 18% of our overall revenue transactions, respectively. Fair Value Hierarchy —Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated financial statements are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Hierarchical levels, which are directly related to the amount of subjectivity, associated with the inputs to the valuation of these assets or liabilities are as follows: Level 1 —Inputs that are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Level 2 —Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level 1) that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life. Level 3 —Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities and which reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model. In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash —Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash in hand and money market instruments with maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase. We had no restricted cash balances as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Short-Term and Long-Term Investments —Realized gains and losses for all investments are determined using the specific-identification method and are reflected as a component of other income/(expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. Debt Securities Short-term and long-term investments generally include corporate debt securities, commercial paper, U.S. Treasury securities, and U.S. agency securities. Based on our intentions, all debt investments are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income, net of tax. The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments as short-term or long-term at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determination at each reporting period based on their respective maturity dates and the Company’s reasonable expectation with regard to those investments (e.g. expectations of future sales or redemptions). For debt securities in an unrealized loss position, we first consider whether we intend to or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the individual security prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis and if so, we adjust the carrying value of security down to its fair value, with the amount of the write-down recorded as a realized loss within other income/(expense), net. Otherwise, we determine whether a decline in fair value is attributable to a partial or full credit loss by reviewing factors such as the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, changes in interest rates since the purchase of the security, the financial condition of the issuer, including changes in credit ratings, the remaining payment terms of the security, as well as any adverse conditions specifically related to the security, the issuer’s industry or its geographic area. If a credit loss exists, we adjust the carrying value by recording expense within other income/(expense), net equal to the amount of the credit loss, with such amount limited to the amount of the unrealized loss. Subsequent recoveries of fair value originally attributed to a credit loss are subsequently recognized as income within other income/(expense), net. Finally, any unrealized loss not deemed to be attributable to a credit loss is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax. The Company has not experienced any material credit losses to date. For purposes of identifying and measuring credit losses, the Company excludes any related accrued interest from both the fair value and amortized cost basis of the investment. Accrued interest receivable, net of the allowance for credit losses (if any), is recorded as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated financial statements. Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Value Short-term investments include mutual fund investments related to the Company’s nonqualified deferred compensation plan, which are held in a rabbi trust. The Company classifies these investments as trading securities as the rabbi trust actively manages the asset allocation to match the participants’ hypothetical fund allocations. The Company considers investments held in the rabbi trust to be restricted given their withdrawal and general use is legally restricted. All equity inve stments are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded within other income/(expense), net in our consolidated statement of operations. Deferred Compensation Plan —The Company established the Roblox Corporation Nonqualified Deferred compensation Plan (as amended, the “NQDC Plan”) for its non-employee directors and a select group of management employees. Eligible participants may voluntarily elect to participate in the NQDC Plan. Unless otherwise determined by the committee that administers the NQDC Plan, eligible employee participants may elect annually to defer up to 90% of their base salary, up to 100% of their cash bonus compensation (if any), and up to 65% of any RSUs or PSUs granted under the Company’s 2020 Plan (if any), and eligible non-employee director participants may elect annually to defer up to 100% of their cash director fees and any RSUs granted under the Company’s 2020 Plan. Obligations of the Company under the NQDC Plan represent at all times unsecured general obligations of the Company to pay deferred compensation in the future in accordance with the terms of the NQDC Plan. Cash amounts deferred under the plan may only later be settled in cash and are credited or charged with the performance of investment options offered under the NQDC Plan as elected by the participants. The amount credited or charged to each participant’s cash deferrals are based on the performance of a hypothetical portfolio of investments which are tracked by an administrator, with such credits or charges included as a component of operating expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The cash obligations due to participants are presented as other long-term liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company generally funds the cash obligations associated with the NQDC Plan by purchasing investments that match the hypothetical investment choices made by the plan participants. The investments (and any uninvested cash) are held in a rabbi trust in order to receive certain tax benefits. The rabbi trust is subject to creditor claims in the event of insolvency, but the assets held in the rabbi trust are not available for general corporate purposes. The investments held in the rabbi trust are presented as short-term investments and any uninvested cash is presented as cash and cash equivalents on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. As it relates to any deferred RSUs and PSUs, the Company ensures enough shares of its Class A common stock are reserved to settle all obligations under the NQDC Plan. These obligations are settled on the date(s) elected by the participant. The accounting for the RSUs and PSUs deferred under the NQDC Plan is consistent with the accounting for non-deferred RSUs and PSUs. Accounts Receivable and Related Allowances — Accounts receivable represent amounts due to us based on contractual obligations with our customers. Payments made by the Company’s users are collected by payment processors and remitted to the Company generally within 30 days of invoicing. The Company maintains allowances for potential credit losses when deemed necessary. The Company has not experienced any material credit losses to date. In cases where the Company is aware of circumstances that may impair a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations, it records a specific allowance as a reduction to the accounts receivable balance to reduce it to its net realizable value. In addition, the Company holds a reserve for chargebacks and refunds based on historical data and current trends and projections. Specific allowances, chargeback, and refund reserves have not been material for any of the periods presented. Property and Equipment—Net — Property and equipment are recorded at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are recorded on a straight line basis over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. The estimated useful life for each asset category is as follows: Property and Equipment Estimated Useful Life Servers and related equipment 5 years Computer hardware and software 2 - 5 years Furniture and fixtures 2 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of remaining lease term or estimated useful life Goodwill and Intangible Assets —Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination and is allocated to reporting units expected to benefit from the business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but rather tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired. When conducting our annual goodwill impairment assessment, we perform a quantitative evaluation by comparing the estimated fair value of our single reporting unit, determined using the Company’s market capitalization as of the testing date, to its carrying value. Goodwill impairment is recognized when the quantitative assessment results in the carrying value exceeding the fair value, in which case an impairment charge is recorded to the extent the carrying value exceeds the fair value. There were no impairment charges to goodwill during any of the periods presented. Intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. Intangible assets with finite lives are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the respective asset, generally up to 5 years, or in the case of acquired patents, up to 10 years. Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions —To determine whether a transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition or business combination, the Company applies a screen test to evaluate if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If the screen test does not result in substantially all of the fair value concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the Company performs a second test to evaluate whether the assets and activities transferred include inputs and substantive processes that together, significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs, which would constitute a business. If the result of the second test indicates that the acquired assets and activities constitute a business, the Company accounts for the transaction as a business combination. For business combinations, the purchase consideration is allocated to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on their respective estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over their fair values is recorded as goodwill. The Company’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable, and as a result, actual results may differ from estimates . As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year following the acquisition date, if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these assets and liabilities, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company accounts for a transaction as an asset acquisition when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, or otherwise does not meet the definition of a business. Asset acquisition-related costs are capitalized as part of the asset or assets acquired. Software Development Costs —The Company incurs costs related to developing the Roblox Platform and related support systems. The Company capitalizes development costs, such as salaries and wages, stock-based compensation expense, and other direct compensation-related costs, once the preliminary project stage is completed, management has authorized and committed project funding, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used as intended. Development costs meeting the Company’s capitalization criteria were not material during any of the periods presented. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets— The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used when indicators of impairment exist. The carrying value of a long-lived asset to be held and used is considered impaired when the estimated separately identifiable undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than the carrying value of the asset. In that event, an impairment loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived asset. Significant judgment is required to assess the appropriate asset grouping(s) and estimate the amount and timing of future cash flows and the relative risk of achieving those cash flows. Assumptions and estimates about future values and remaining useful lives are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in the Company’s business strategy and internal forecasts. Developer Exchange Fees Expense —The Company has established an incentive program for developers and creators to build and operate virtual experiences within the Roblox environment. Developers and creators can primarily earn Robux through the sale of access to their experiences and enhancements in their experiences, the incorporation of immersive ads, the sale of content and tools between developers through the Creator Store, and the sale of items to users through the Marketplace. Developers can also earn Robux through our engagement-based reward program that rewards developers based on the number of hours spent in their experiences by Roblox Premium subscribers. Under certain conditions, and in compliance with applicable law, these developers and creators are eligible to receive a fiat currency payout based on the amount of accumulated earned Robux through our Developer Exchange Program. In order to be qualified for our Developer Exchange Program and eligible to exchange earned Robux for fiat currency, developers and creators must meet certain conditions, such as having earned the minimum amount of Robux required to qualify for the program, a verified developer account, and an account in good standing. On January 31, 2022, we reduced the minimum amount of earned Robux required to qualify for the program from 100,000 Robux to 50,000 Robux and subsequently on January 31, 2023, we further reduced the minimum requirement from 50,000 Robux to 30,000 Robux. The Company recognizes the expense associated with the Developer Exchange Program as Robux are earned by developers and creators that are qualified and registered in the Developer Exchange Program. Infrastructure and Trust & Safety Expense —Infrastructure and trust & safety expense consists primarily of costs related to the operation of our data centers and technical infrastructure in order to deliver our Platform to our users and are expensed as incurred. Infrastructure and trust & safety expenses also include personnel costs, moderation and customer support related costs, and allocated overhead expenses. Research and Development Cost — Research and development costs consist primarily of personnel costs and allocated overhead expenses for our engineering, design, product management, data science, and other employees engaged in maintaining and enhancing the functionality of the Platform and are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs also include expenses associated with the Game Fund program, which funds certain developers up front to develop new types of experiences for the Platform. Stock-Based Compensation Expense — The Company measures and recognizes stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards, including stock options, unregistered restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and performance stock units (“PSUs”) granted to employees, directors, and non-employees, and stock purchase rights granted under the 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2020 ESPP”) to employees, based on the estimated grant date fair value of the awards. The Company records forfeitures when they occur for all stock-based awards. The fair value of each stock option and stock purchase right granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires certain subjective inputs and assumptions, including the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock, the expected term, risk-free interest rates, expected stock price volatility, and expected dividend yield of our Class A common stock. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the option awards represent management’s best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. These assumptions and estimates are as follows: • Fair value of Class A common stock— Prior to the Direct Listing, the fair value of the shares of Class A common stock underlying the stock options and RSUs was historically determined by the Company’s Board of Directors along with management as there was no public market for the underlying common stock. The Company’s Board of Directors along with management determined the fair value of the Company’s common stock by considering a number of objective and subjective factors including: contemporaneous third-party valuations of its common stock, the valuation of comparable companies, sales of the Company’s common and convertible preferred stock to outside investors in arms-length transactions, the Company’s operating and financial performance, the lack of marketability, and the general and industry specific economic outlook, amongst other factors. After the completion of the Direct listing, the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock is determined based on the NYSE closing price on the date of grant. • Expected term—The expected term represents the period that stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The expected term assumptions are determined based on the vesting terms, estimated exercise behavior, post-vesting cancellations and contractual lives of the awards. • Risk-fr

Revenue from Contracts with Cus

Revenue from Contracts with Customers	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue from Contracts with Customers	2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers Disaggregation of Revenue The following table summarizes revenue by region based on the billing country of users (in thousands, except percentages): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Amount Percentage of Revenue Amount Percentage of Revenue Amount Percentage of Revenue United States and Canada (1) $ 2,281,319 63 % $ 1,803,812 64 % $ 1,465,955 66 % Europe 659,593 18 505,633 18 404,431 18 Asia-Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand 379,027 11 286,930 10 204,261 8 Rest of world 282,040 8 202,899 7 150,405 7 Total $ 3,601,979 100 % $ 2,799,274 100 % $ 2,225,052 100 % (1) The Company’s revenues in the United States were 59%, 60%, and 62% of consolidated revenues for each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. No individual country, other than the United States, exceeded 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue for any period presented. Durable virtual items accounted for 91%, 91%, and 90% of virtual item-related revenue in the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Consumable virtual items accounted for 9%, 9%, and 10% of virtual item-related revenue in the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Deferred Revenue The Company receives payments from its users based on the payment terms established in its contracts. Such payments are initially recorded to deferred revenue and are recognized into revenue as the Company satisfies its performance obligations. The aggregate amount of revenue allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations is included in our deferred revenue balances. The increase in deferred revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 was driven by sales during the period exceeding revenue recognized from the satisfaction of our performance obligations, which includes the revenue recognized during the period that was included in the current portion of deferred revenue at the beginning of the period. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized all of the revenue that was included in the $2,406.3 million current deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2023 and $89.0 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue-net of current portion balance as of December 31, 2023.

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]
Leases	3. Leases Lessee Arrangements In the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company completed the move of its San Mateo, California employees to its new corporate headquarters in San Mateo, California. The Company continues to lease office space at its prior corporate headquarters and has sub-leased certain portions of that office space (refer to “Sublease Arrangements as Lessor” header below). The Company completed its impairment assessment of the non-subleased portion of its prior corporate headquarters in the fourth quarter of 2024, finding no impairment to exist. The Company took possession of a data center leased space in the first quarter of 2024 and later de-recognized the remaining $70.3 million of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities associated with the lease in the third quarter of 2024 due to an early termination. The early termination did not have a material impact on the results of operations during the fiscal year 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a $7.0 million impairment loss within general and administrative expenses, which included $4.8 million related to operating lease right-of-use assets and $2.2 million related to property and equipment, net, as a result of the execution of a sub-lease arrangement for a portion of its prior San Mateo, California corporate headquarters. The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Operating lease expense $ 174,174 $ 139,482 $ 90,933 Variable and short-term lease expense 53,627 31,655 11,586 Net operating lease expense $ 227,801 $ 171,137 $ 102,519 The following table presents future lease payments under the Company’s non-cancellable operating leases, including leases the Company has assigned, as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2025 $ 144,431 2026 153,386 2027 132,737 2028 115,569 2029 105,194 Thereafter 377,010 Total lease payments $ 1,028,327 Less: imputed interest (1) (229,419) Present value of lease liabilities $ 798,908 (1) Calculated using each lease’s incremental borrowing rate. In addition, the Company has executed operating leases for real estate and co-located data centers which have not commenced as of December 31, 2024, with lease payments totaling $20.9 million and lease terms ranging between 5 to 6 years. The following table presents the weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates as of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023: As of December 31, 2024 2023 Weighted average remaining lease term (years) 7.5 7.9 Weighted average discount rate 6.3 % 6.3 % Supplemental cash and noncash information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities (1) $ 158,381 $ 105,337 $ 70,515 Lease liabilities arising from obtaining new right-of-use assets (noncash) $ 120,822 $ 256,500 $ 373,844 (1) The years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 exclude $31.5 million, $16.6 million, and $1.8 million, respectively, of leasehold incentives received from the landlord. Sublease Arrangements as Lessor The Company has executed subleases as sub-lessor pursuant to which it has subleased office space in its former San Mateo, California corporate headquarters with lease terms expiring in 2027. The Company recognized $8.4 million and $3.3 million of sublease income in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The following table presents future sublease payments due to the Company under its subleases as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2025 $ 9,713 2026 10,530 2027 5,434 Thereafter — Total sublease income $ 25,677

Cash Equivalents and Investment

Cash Equivalents and Investments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Cash Equivalents and Investments	4. Cash Equivalents and Investments Financial Assets The following is a summary of the Company’s cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Cash Equivalents Short-Term Investments Long-Term Investments Debt Securities Level 1 Money market funds $ 615,890 $ — $ — $ 615,890 $ 615,890 $ — $ — U.S. Treasury securities 2,159,558 1,886 (4,446) 2,156,998 — 1,402,694 754,304 Subtotal 2,775,448 1,886 (4,446) 2,772,888 615,890 1,402,694 754,304 Level 2 U.S. agency securities 293,423 82 (211) 293,294 — 1 293,293 Commercial paper 280,243 — (1) 280,242 19,818 260,424 — Corporate debt securities 594,221 2,202 (1,240) 595,183 — 32,565 562,618 Subtotal 1,167,887 2,284 (1,452) 1,168,719 19,818 292,990 855,911 Total Debt Securities $ 3,943,335 $ 4,170 $ (5,898) $ 3,941,607 $ 635,708 $ 1,695,684 $ 1,610,215 Equity Securities Level 1 Mutual funds (1) $ 2,178 $ — $ 2,178 $ — Total Equity Securities $ 2,178 $ — $ 2,178 $ — Total Cash Equivalents and Investments $ 3,943,335 $ 4,170 $ (5,898) $ 3,943,785 $ 635,708 $ 1,697,862 $ 1,610,215 As of December 31, 2023 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Cash Equivalents Short-Term Investments Long-Term Investments Debt Securities Level 1 Money market funds $ 614,888 $ — $ — $ 614,888 $ 614,888 $ — $ — U.S. Treasury securities 1,692,700 2,007 (2,547) 1,692,160 — 1,155,218 536,942 Subtotal 2,307,588 2,007 (2,547) 2,307,048 614,888 1,155,218 536,942 Level 2 U.S. agency securities 286,007 27 (197) 285,837 — 137,151 148,686 Commercial paper 184,465 — — 184,465 14,827 169,638 — Corporate debt securities 409,037 2,066 (1,262) 409,841 — 52,070 357,771 Subtotal 879,509 2,093 (1,459) 880,143 14,827 358,859 506,457 Total Debt Securities $ 3,187,097 $ 4,100 $ (4,006) $ 3,187,191 $ 629,715 $ 1,514,077 $ 1,043,399 Equity Securities Level 1 Mutual funds (1) $ 731 $ — $ 731 $ — Total Equity Securities $ 731 $ — $ 731 $ — Total Cash Equivalents and Investments $ 3,187,097 $ 4,100 $ (4,006) $ 3,187,922 $ 629,715 $ 1,514,808 $ 1,043,399 (1) The equity securities relate to the Company’s nonqualified deferred compensation plan and are held in a rabbi trust. Refer to Note 1, “Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”, section titled “Deferred Compensation Plan” to the notes to the consolidated financial statements for more information. As of December 31, 2024, all of the Company’s short-term debt investments have contractual maturities of one year or less and all of the Company’s long-term debt investments have contractual maturities between one Changes in market interest rates, credit risk of borrowers and overall market liquidity, amongst other factors, may cause our short-term and long-term debt investments to fall below their amortized cost basis, resulting in unrealized losses. For those debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2024, the unrealized losses were primarily driven by increases in interest rates following the date of purchase and the Company does not intend to sell, nor is it more likely than not it will be required to sell, such securities before recovering the amortized cost basis. The following table presents fair values and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses U.S. Treasury securities $ 638,363 $ (4,434) $ 25,891 $ (12) $ 664,254 $ (4,446) U.S. agency securities 102,229 (211) — — 102,229 (211) Commercial paper 10,937 (1) — — 10,937 (1) Corporate debt securities 256,629 (1,233) 3,041 (7) 259,670 (1,240) Total $ 1,008,158 $ (5,879) $ 28,932 $ (19) $ 1,037,090 $ (5,898) As of December 31, 2023 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses U.S. Treasury securities $ 486,424 $ (2,547) $ — $ — $ 486,424 $ (2,547) U.S. agency securities 182,475 (197) — — 182,475 (197) Corporate debt securities 248,287 (1,262) — — 248,287 (1,262) Total $ 917,186 $ (4,006) $ — $ — $ 917,186 $ (4,006)

Acquisitions

Acquisitions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]
Acquisitions	5. Acquisitions Speechly, Inc. On September 18, 2023 (the “Speechly Acquisition Date”), the Company acquired all outstanding equity interests of Speechly, Inc. and its wholly owned Finnish subsidiary Speechly Oy (together, “Speechly”). Speechly was a privately held company that operated a speech recognition software focused on voice moderation. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. The consideration totaled $10.1 million, which included (i) $4.8 million of cash paid on the Speechly Acquisition Date and (ii) $5.3 million of cash held back until certain post-acquisition conditions are satisfied. The following table summarizes the Company’s allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Speechly Acquisition Date (in thousands): September 18, 2023 Cash and cash equivalents $ 970 Other current assets acquired 111 Intangible assets, net Developed technology, useful life of five years 2,800 Goodwill 7,536 Other current liabilities assumed $ (1,117) Other long-term liabilities assumed (182) Total purchase price $ 10,118 Goodwill is attributable to the assembled workforce and anticipated synergies arising from the acquisition. The goodwill recognized is not deductible for income tax purposes. Byfron Technologies, LLC Acquisition On October 11, 2022 (the “Byfron Acquisition Date”), the Company acquired all outstanding equity interests of Byfron Technologies, LLC (“Byfron”), a privately-held company that operated a security and anti-cheat software for game publishers. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. The consideration totaled $9.6 million, which included $2.0 million of cash to be held back for 18 months following the Byfron Acquisition Date. The aggregate purchase consideration comprised of the following (in thousands): Fair Value Cash paid $ 7,603 Cash holdback 2,000 Total purchase price $ 9,603 In connection with the acquisition, the Company also entered into agreements with the Byfron founders, which provide them $9.6 million over a three year service period following the Byfron Acquisition Date, subject to their continued service with the Company during that period. The agreements were determined to primarily benefit the Company and were recognized separate from the business combination. The expense associated with these agreements is being recognized ratably over the requisite service period of three years as a component of research and development expense. The following table summarizes the Company’s allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Byfron Acquisition Date (in thousands): October 11, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents $ 380 Goodwill 3,882 Identified intangible assets 5,500 Other assets 169 Other current liabilities $ (328) Total purchase price $ 9,603 The following table presents details of the identifiable assets acquired (in thousands, except estimated useful life): Carrying Amount Estimated Useful Life (Years) Developed technology $ 5,500 5 Total $ 5,500 Goodwill is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and anticipated synergies arising from the acquisition. The goodwill recorded in the acquisition is deductible for income tax purposes. Hamul, Inc. Acquisition On April 1, 2022 (the “Hamul Acquisition Date”), the Company acquired all outstanding equity interests of Hamul, Inc. (“Hamul”) a privately-held company that provided a platform for connecting gaming communities. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. The fair value of the consideration transferred was $19.3 million, which consisted of $9.2 million paid in cash and 0.4 million shares of Class A common stock with a fair value of $4.0 million. The aggregate purchase consideration was comprised of the following (in thousands): Fair Value Cash paid $ 9,185 Common stock issued 4,009 Replacement awards attributable to pre-acquisition service 6,129 Total purchase price $ 19,323 In connection with the acquisition, the Company entered into a stock-based consideration revesting agreement with the Hamul founders. The portion of the fair value of the common stock associated with pre-acquisition service of the Hamul founders represented a component of the total purchase consideration, as presented above. The remaining acquisition-date fair value of $7.6 million of these issued shares was excluded from the purchase price. These shares, which are subject to the recipients’ continued service with the Company, are being recognized ratably as stock-based compensation expense as a component of research and development expense over the requisite service period of three years following the Hamul Acquisition Date. The following table summarizes the Company’s allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Hamul Acquisition Date (in thousands): April 1, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,020 Goodwill 12,382 Identified intangible assets 4,500 Deferred tax liabilities (579) Total purchase price $ 19,323 The following table presents details of the identifiable assets acquired (in thousands, except estimated useful life): Carrying Estimated Useful Life (Years) Developed technology $ 4,500 5 Total $ 4,500 Goodwill is attributable to the assembled workforce and anticipated synergies arising from the acquisition. The goodwill recognized is not deductible for income tax purposes.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill The following table represents the changes to goodwill from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024 (in thousands): Carrying Amount Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 134,335 Additions from acquisitions 7,536 Foreign currency translation adjustments 258 Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 142,129 Foreign currency translation adjustments (441) Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 141,688 There are no accumulated impairment losses for any period presented. Intangible Assets The following tables present details of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Developed technology $ 75,291 $ (54,348) $ 20,943 Patents 14,200 (2,150) 12,050 Assembled workforce 10,000 (9,750) 250 Trade name 500 (333) 167 Total intangible assets $ 99,991 $ (66,581) $ 33,410 As of December 31, 2023 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Developed technology $ 75,455 $ (39,411) $ 36,044 Patents 14,200 (650) 13,550 Assembled workforce 10,000 (7,374) 2,626 Trade name 500 (233) 267 Total intangible assets $ 100,155 $ (47,668) $ 52,487 The above tables do not include $0.7 million and $0.6 million of indefinite lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the weighted-average remaining useful lives of our finite-lived intangible assets were 1.4 years for developed technology, 8.2 years for patents, 0.1 years for assembled workforce, 1.7 years for trade names, and 2.2 years in total, for all finite-lived intangible assets. Amortization expense related to our finite-lived intangible assets was $18.9 million, $19.3 million, and $16.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Expected future amortization expenses related to the Company’s finite lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands): Year ending December 31: 2025 $ 15,694 2026 6,660 2027 3,096 2028 1,910 2029 1,500 Thereafter 4,550 Total remaining amortization expense $ 33,410

Other Balance Sheet Components

Other Balance Sheet Components	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Other Balance Sheet Components [Abstract]
Other Balance Sheet Components	7. Other Balance Sheet Components Prepaid expenses and other current assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 Prepaid expenses $ 47,919 $ 48,555 Accrued interest receivable 19,690 14,697 Other current assets 7,806 11,297 Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 75,415 $ 74,549 Property and equipment, net Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 Servers and related equipment and software $ 898,598 $ 914,989 Computer hardware and software licenses 55,002 43,732 Furniture and fixtures 2,121 520 Leasehold improvements 245,150 101,785 Construction in progress 46,158 77,043 Total property and equipment 1,247,029 1,138,069 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization expense (587,440) (442,709) Property and equipment—net $ 659,589 $ 695,360 Construction in progress primarily relates to network equipment infrastructure to support the Company’s data centers and leasehold improvements for the Company’s leased office buildings and data centers. Property and equipment, net, by geographic area was as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 United States $ 615,665 $ 646,572 Rest of world 43,924 48,788 Total $ 659,589 $ 695,360 In the third quarter of 2024, the Company re-assessed the estimated useful life of certain software licenses, resulting in the acceleration of their remaining depreciation expense of $17.9 million within infrastructure and trust & safety expenses. Total depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment was $207.5 million, $188.9 million, and $113.7 million for years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 Accrued operating expenses and liabilities $ 49,478 $ 51,921 Short-term operating lease liabilities 128,857 111,293 Accrued interest on the 2030 Notes 6,458 6,458 Taxes payable 54,609 59,632 Accrued compensation and other employee related liabilities 28,147 32,125 Other current liabilities 8,205 9,692 Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 275,754 $ 271,121

Debt

Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	8. Debt 2030 Notes On October 29, 2021, the Company issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of its 3.875% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “2030 Notes”). The 2030 Notes mature on May 1, 2030. The 2030 Notes bear interest at a rate of 3.875% per annum. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 1 and November 1 of each year, commencing on May 1, 2022. The aggregate proceeds from the offering of the 2030 Notes were approximately $987.5 million, after deducting lenders costs and other issuance costs incurred by the Company. The issuance costs of $12.5 million are amortized into interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 2030 Notes. The Company may voluntarily redeem the 2030 Notes, in whole or in part, under the following circumstances: (1) Prior to November 1, 2024, the Company could have, on any one or more occasions, redeemed up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2030 Notes at a redemption price of 103.875% of the principal amount including accrued and unpaid interest, if any, with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings; provided that (1) at least 50% of the aggregate principal amount of 2030 Notes originally issued remained outstanding immediately after the occurrence of such redemption (excluding 2030 Notes held by the Company and its subsidiaries); and (2) the redemption occurred within 180 days of the date of the closing of such equity offerings. (2) On or after November 1, 2024, the Company may voluntarily redeem all or a part of the 2030 Notes at the following redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable redemption date: Year Percentage 2024 101.938 % 2025 100.969 % 2026 and thereafter 100.000 % (3) Prior to November 1, 2024, the Company could have redeemed all or a part of the 2030 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of 2030 Notes redeemed, including accrued and unpaid interest, if any, plus the applicable “make-whole” premium set forth in the indenture governing the 2030 Notes (the “Indenture”) as of the date of such redemption; and (4) In connection with any tender offer for the 2030 Notes, including an offer to purchase (as defined in the Indenture), if holders of not less than 90% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 2030 Notes validly tender and do not withdraw such notes in such tender offer and the Company (or any third party making such a tender offer in lieu of the Company) purchases all of the 2030 Notes validly tendered and not withdrawn by such holders, the Company (or such third party) will have the right, upon not less than 10, but not more than 60 days’ prior notice, given not more than 30 days following such purchase date to the holders of the 2030 Notes and the trustee, to redeem all of the 2030 Notes that remain outstanding following such purchase at a redemption price equal to the price offered to each holder of 2030 Notes (excluding any early tender or incentive fee) in such tender offer plus to the extent not included in the tender offer payment, accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In certain circumstances involving a change of control triggering event (as defined in the Indenture), the Company will be required to make an offer to repurchase all, or at the holder’s option, any part, of each holder’s 2030 Notes at a repurchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the applicable repurchase date. The 2030 Notes are unsecured obligations and the Indenture contains covenants limiting the Company and its subsidiaries’ ability to: (i) create certain liens and enter into sale and lease-back transactions; (ii) create, assume, incur or guarantee certain indebtedness; or (iii) consolidate or merge with or into, or sell or otherwise dispose of all of substantially all of the Company and its subsidiaries’ assets to another person. These covenants are subject to a number of limitations and exceptions set forth in the Indenture and non-compliance with these covenants may result in the accelerated repayment of the 2030 Notes and any accrued and unpaid interest. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all of its covenants under the Indenture. The net carrying amount of the 2030 Notes, which is presented as a component of long-term debt in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, was as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 2030 Notes Principal $ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000 Unamortized issuance costs (8,329) (9,700) Net carrying amount $ 991,671 $ 990,300 Interest expense related to the 2030 Notes was as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Contractual interest expense $ 38,750 $ 38,750 $ 38,642 Amortization of debt issuance costs 1,371 1,316 1,261 Total interest expense $ 40,121 $ 40,066 $ 39,903 The debt issuance costs for the 2030 Notes are amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2030 Notes using an annual effective interest rate of 4.05%. As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, the estimated fair value of the 2030 Notes was approximately $901.5 million and $891.8 million, respectively, determined based on the last trading price of the 2030 Notes during the reporting period (a Level 2 input). Future interest and principal payments related to the 2030 Notes, as of December 31, 2024, were as follows (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2025 $ 38,750 2026 38,750 2027 38,750 2028 38,750 2029 38,750 Thereafter 1,019,370 Total future interest and principal payments related to the 2030 Notes $ 1,213,120 Joint Venture Financing Refer to Note 14, “Joint Venture”, in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on debt issued by the Company’s consolidated subsidiary, Roblox China Holding Corp.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	9. Commitments and Contingencies Purchase Obligations —Non-cancellable contractual purchase obligations, primarily consisting of contracts associated with data center and software vendors, were as follows as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2025 $ 233,121 2026 89,981 2027 2,458 2028 312 2029 77 Thereafter — Total non-cancellable contractual purchase obligations $ 325,949 Letters of Credit —The Company has letters of credit in connection with its operating leases which are not reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company has not drawn down from the letters of credit and had $8.3 million and $11.6 million available in aggregate as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Legal Proceedings —The Company is and, from time to time may in the future become, involved in legal proceedings, claims and litigation in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company accrued for immaterial losses related to litigation matters that the Company believes to be probable and for which an amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company considered the progress of these cases, the opinions and views of its legal counsel and outside advisors, its experience and settlements in similar cases, and other factors in arriving at the conclusion that a potential loss was probable. The Company cannot determine a reasonable estimate of the maximum possible loss or range of loss for all of these matters given that they are at various stages of the litigation process and each case is subject to the inherent uncertainties of litigation. The Company may incur substantial legal fees, which are expensed as incurred, in defending against these legal proceedings. The maximum amount of liability that may ultimately result from any of these matters cannot be predicted with absolute certainty and the ultimate resolution of one or more of these matters could ultimately have a material adverse effect on our operations. On August 1, 2023, a putative class action was filed against the Company in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, captioned Colvin v. Roblox (the “Colvin matter”), asserting various claims arising from allegations that minors used third-party virtual casinos to gamble Robux. On December 15, 2023, the Company filed a motion to dismiss and on March 26, 2024, the motion to dismiss was granted in part and denied in part, allowing plaintiffs’ negligence and California Unfair Competition Law claims to proceed. On March 28, 2024, a supplemental order clarified that plaintiffs’ claims for unjust enrichment and equitable relief could proceed as well. On April 9, 2024, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint realleging the California Consumer Legal Remedies Act and New York General Business Law claims that had been dismissed. Separately, on March 14, 2024, Gentry v. Roblox was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California premised on substantially identical allegations as the Colvin matter. On April 18, 2024, the Gentry v. Roblox matter was consolidated with the Colvin matter. Plaintiffs filed a consolidated complaint on April 23, 2024. The consolidated complaint seeks monetary damages, including actual, punitive, and statutory damages, restitution, attorneys’ fees and costs, and declaratory and injunctive relief. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the consolidated complaint on May 14, 2024, which the court granted in part and denied in part on September 19, 2024. The Court dismissed with prejudice plaintiffs’ fraud-based claims and claims for injunctive relief, but allowed plaintiffs’ claims under California’s Unfair Competition Law and for negligence and unjust enrichment to proceed. On October 30, 2024, the Company filed an answer denying plaintiffs’ claims. On November 20, 2024, the Company filed an Amended Answer, again denying Plaintiffs’ claims, and adding cross-claims against virtual casino defendants for intellectual property infringement, violation of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, breach of contract, tortious interference, and indemnification, among others. Discovery is underway. The Company intends to defend itself vigorously against all claims asserted. At this time, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the loss or range of loss, if any, arising from the above-referenced matter. Indemnification —In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into agreements that may include indemnification provisions. Pursuant to such agreements, the Company may indemnify, hold harmless and defend an indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party. Some of the provisions will limit losses to those arising from third-party actions. In some cases, the indemnification will continue after the termination of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these provisions is not determinable. To date, the Company has not incurred material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification provisions. The Company has also entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware corporate law. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs and has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations. The Company also has directors’ and officers’ insurance.

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Stockholders’ Equity	10. Stockholders’ Equity Preferred Stock —The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of 100.0 million shares of convertible preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Common Stock —The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. As of December 31, 2024, the Company is authorized to issue 4,935.0 million shares of Class A common stock and 65.0 million shares of Class B common stock. Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to dividends on a pro rata basis, when, as, and if declared by the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to the rights of the holders of the Company’s convertible preferred stock. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share, and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to 20 votes per share. Each share of our Class B common stock is convertible into one share of our Class A common stock at any time and will convert automatically upon certain transfers and upon the earliest of (i) the date that is specified by the affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds of the then-outstanding shares of Class B common stock, (ii) the date on which less than 30% of the Class B common stock that was outstanding on March 2, 2021 continues to remain outstanding, (iii) March 10, 2036, (iv) nine months after the death or permanent disability of Mr. David Baszucki, and (v) nine months after the date on which Mr. Baszucki no longer serves as our CEO or as a member of our Board of Directors. Class A common stock and Class B common stock are not redeemable at the option of the holder. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, 1.8 million and 1.3 million shares of Class B common stock held by entities affiliated with Mr. Baszucki, Founder, President, CEO and Chair of our Board of Directors (the “CEO”) were converted to Class A common stock. Class A and Class B common stock are referred to as common stock throughout the notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise noted. The Company had reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Stock options outstanding 27,458 40,159 51,591 RSUs outstanding 35,012 39,846 30,322 PSUs outstanding (1) 2,304 905 415 CEO Long-Term Performance Award (1)(2) — 11,500 11,500 2020 Equity Incentive Plan 91,642 66,114 59,945 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan 20,855 16,075 11,093 Stock warrants outstanding 264 264 264 RSAs outstanding 32 149 500 Total 177,567 175,012 165,630 (1) Represents the shares of common stock reserved for future issuance at the maximum achievement levels. (2) On March 1, 2024, the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee (i) approved the cancellation of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award, which was previously granted to the CEO under the 2017 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan and (ii) granted Mr. Baszucki a new PSU award and RSU award. The PSUs and RSUs granted to Mr. Baszucki on March 1, 2024 are included in those respective rows above as of December 31, 2024. Refer to Note 11, “Stock-Based Compensation Expense”, to the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.

Stock-Based Compensation Expens

Stock-Based Compensation Expense	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation Expense	11. Stock-Based Compensation Expense 2004 Incentive Stock Plan In 2004, the Company approved the 2004 Incentive Stock Plan (the “2004 Plan”), under which the Board of Directors may grant incentive stock options to employees and nonstatutory stock options to employees, members of the Board of Directors and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries. Under the 2004 Plan, incentive stock options and nonstatutory stock options may be granted at a price not less than fair value and 85% of the fair value, respectively (110% of fair value for incentive stock options granted to holders of 10% or more of voting stock). Fair value is determined by the Board of Directors. Options are exercisable over periods not to exceed 10 years (five years for incentive stock options granted to holders of 10% or more of the voting stock) from the date of grant. The 2004 Plan was terminated on the effective date of the 2017 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan, and accordingly, no shares are available for issuance under the 2004 Plan. The 2004 Plan continues to govern outstanding awards granted thereunder. 2017 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan In 2017, the Company approved the 2017 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”), under which the Board of Directors may grant incentive stock options to employees and nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and RSUs, to employees, members of the Board of Directors and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries. Under the 2017 Plan, stock options may be granted at a price not less than fair value (110% of fair value for incentive stock options issued to holders of 10% or more of voting stock). Stock appreciation rights may be granted at a price not less than fair value. Fair value is determined by the Board of Directors. Options are exercisable over periods not to exceed 10 years (five years for incentive stock options granted to holders of 10% or more of the voting stock) from the date of grant. In connection with the Direct Listing, the 2017 Plan was terminated effective immediately prior to the effectiveness of the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan, and accordingly, no shares are available for issuance under the 2017 Plan. The 2017 Plan continues to govern outstanding awards granted thereunder. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan In 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted, and its stockholders approved, the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which became effective on the business day immediately prior to the effective date of the registration statement for the Company’s Direct Listing. Under the 2020 Plan, the Board of Directors may grant incentive stock options to employees and stock appreciation rights, RSAs, and RSUs, performance units and performance shares to employees, members of the Board of Directors and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries. Under the 2020 Plan, incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, and stock appreciation rights may be granted at a price not less than 100% of the fair market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant (110% of fair value for incentive stock options issued to holders of 10% or more of voting stock). Options and stock appreciation rights are exercisable over a period not to exceed 10 years (five years for incentive stock options granted to holders of 10% or more of the voting stock) from the date of grant. Under the 2020 Plan, 60.0 million shares of Class A common stock were initially reserved for future issuance. The number of shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2020 Plan automatically increases on January 1 of each year by the least of (i) 75.0 million shares; (ii) five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares of all classes of the Company’s common stock as of December 31 of the preceding fiscal year; or (iii) a number of shares that may be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. Stock-based awards under the 2020 Plan that expire or are forfeited, cancelled, or repurchased generally are returned to the pool of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan. In addition, subject to the adjustment provisions of the 2020 Plan, the shares reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan also include (i) any shares that, as of the day immediately prior to the effective date of the registration statement, have been reserved but not issued pursuant to any awards granted under the 2017 Plan and are not subject to any awards thereunder and (ii) any shares subject to stock options, RSUs or similar awards granted under our 2017 Plan and 2004 Plan that, after the effective date of the registration statement, expire or otherwise terminate without having been exercised or issued in full, are tendered to or withheld by the Company for payment of an exercise price or for tax withholding obligations, or are forfeited to or repurchased by the Company due to failure to vest. Employee Stock Purchase Plan In 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted, and its stockholders approved, the 2020 ESPP, which became effective in connection with the Direct Listing. The 2020 ESPP authorizes the issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to purchase rights granted to employees. At inception, 6.0 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock were reserved for future issuance under the 2020 ESPP. The number of shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2020 ESPP automatically increases on January 1 of each year by the least of (i) 15.0 million shares; (ii) one percent (1%) of the outstanding shares of all classes of the Company’s common stock as of December 31 of the preceding fiscal year; or (iii) a number of shares that may be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors The 2020 ESPP plan is a compensatory plan and includes two components: a component that allows the Company to make offerings intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”) and a component that allows the Company to make offerings not intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Code. Subject to any limitations contained therein, the 2020 ESPP allows eligible employees to contribute (in the form of payroll deductions or otherwise to the extent permitted by the administrator) an amount established by the administrator from time to time in its discretion to purchase Class A common stock at a discounted price per share. The price at which Class A common stock is purchased under the 2020 ESPP is equal to 85% of the fair market value of a share of the Company’s Class A common stock on the enrollment date or exercise date, whichever is lower. Offering periods are generally 24 months long and begin on the first trading day on or after February 25 and August 25 of each year with each offering period having four purchase periods of approximately six months each. Stock-based compensation expense Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Infrastructure and trust & safety $ 113,708 $ 92,147 $ 56,197 Research and development 723,326 607,593 398,899 General and administrative 138,444 131,577 109,607 Sales and marketing 40,316 36,650 24,795 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 1,015,794 $ 867,967 $ 589,498 Stock Options The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity (in thousands, except per option data and remaining contractual term): Options Outstanding Number of Weighted- Weighted-Average Remaining Aggregate Intrinsic Value Balances as of December 31, 2021 63,267 $ 2.82 6.97 $ 6,348,395 Granted — — Cancelled, forfeited, and expired (2,061) $ 4.06 Exercised (9,615) $ 2.37 Balances as of December 31, 2022 51,591 $ 2.85 6.00 $ 1,321,183 Granted — — Cancelled, forfeited, and expired (762) $ 4.60 Exercised (10,670) $ 2.23 Balances as of December 31, 2023 40,159 $ 2.98 5.16 $ 1,716,171 Granted — — Cancelled, forfeited, and expired (203) $ 4.80 Exercised (12,498) $ 2.75 Balances as of December 31, 2024 27,458 $ 3.08 4.24 $ 1,504,261 Exercisable as of December 31, 2024 27,278 $ 3.06 4.23 $ 1,494,815 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2024 27,458 $ 3.08 4.24 $ 1,504,261 The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $530.0 million, $373.4 million, and $423.3 million, respectively. Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the exercise price of the options and the estimated fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock at the time of exercise. The aggregate grant-date fair value of options that vested during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $23.5 million, $51.9 million, and $64.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $2.6 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation related to unvested options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining requisite service period of less than one year. RSUs and RSAs The following table summarizes the Company’s RSU and RSA activity (in thousands, except per share data): RSUs RSAs Number of Weighted- Number of Weighted- Unvested as of December 31, 2021 14,684 $ 68.03 468 $ 57.37 Granted 25,540 $ 41.09 298 $ 46.00 Vested and released (8,169) $ 57.65 (266) $ 53.67 Cancelled (1,733) $ 57.58 — — Unvested as of December 31, 2022 30,322 $ 48.73 500 $ 52.55 Granted 27,377 $ 37.59 — — Vested and released (14,812) $ 45.97 (351) $ 55.31 Cancelled (3,041) $ 46.79 — — Unvested as of December 31, 2023 39,846 $ 42.25 149 $ 46.00 Granted 22,604 $ 40.54 — — Vested and released (21,170) $ 42.83 (92) $ 46.00 Cancelled (6,268) $ 40.68 (25) $ 46.00 Unvested as of December 31, 2024 35,012 $ 41.07 32 $ 46.00 As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $1,339.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation related to RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 1.9 years. RSUs granted prior to our Direct Listing vest upon the satisfaction of both the service condition and a liquidity event-related performance vesting condition which was satisfied on the Effective Date. Stock-based compensation related to the remaining service-based period after the liquidity event-related performance vesting condition was satisfied is being recorded over the remaining requisite service period using the accelerated attribution method. RSUs granted subsequent to our Direct Listing only have service conditions, which historically have been satisfied generally over four years. For grants made during and subsequent to July 2022, the service condition is satisfied generally over three years. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of unrecognized stock-based compensation related to RSAs was not material. CEO PSUs and RSUs CEO Long-Term Performance Award In February 2021, the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors granted the CEO a Long-Term Performance Award under the 2017 Plan, which provided him the opportunity to earn a maximum number of 11,500,000 shares of Class A common stock. On March 1, 2024 (the “Modification Date”), the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee (i) approved the cancellation of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award and (ii) granted the CEO a new PSU award (the “2024 CEO PSU Award”) and RSU award (collectively, the “2024 CEO Award”) (refer to “2024 CEO PSUs and RSUs” header below for more information on the modified award). As of the Modification Date, $84.4 million of stock-based compensation expense remained unrecognized related to the CEO Long-Term Performance Award. The CEO Long-Term Performance Award would have been eligible to vest based upon the satisfaction of a service condition and achievement of certain Class A common stock price targets (referred to as a “Company Stock Price Hurdle”) over various performance periods, with the first performance period beginning two years after the Effective Date and ending on the seventh anniversary of the Effective Date. The CEO Long-Term Performance Award was divided into seven performance periods that were eligible to vest based on the achievement of various Company Stock Price Hurdles, measured based on an average of our stock price over a consecutive 90-day trading period applicable to the performance period. In addition, Mr. Baszucki must have remained employed as our CEO through the date a Company Stock Price Hurdle was achieved in order to earn the RSUs that relate to the applicable Company Stock Price Hurdle. The following table summarizes the various Company Stock Price Hurdles and associated RSUs that would have been eligible to vest over each performance period (in thousands, except Company Stock Price Hurdles): Company Stock Price Hurdle Number of RSUs Eligible to Vest Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date 1 $ 165.00 750 2 years 2 $ 200.00 750 3 years 3 $ 235.00 2,000 4 years 4 $ 270.00 2,000 5 years 5 $ 305.00 2,000 5 years 6 $ 340.00 2,000 5 years 7 $ 375.00 2,000 5 years The Company estimated the grant date fair value of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award using a model based on multiple stock price outcomes developed through the use of a Monte Carlo simulation that incorporates into the valuation the possibility that the Company Stock Price Hurdles may not be satisfied. A Monte Carlo simulation model requires use of various assumptions, including the underlying stock price, volatility, and the risk-free interest rate as of the valuation date, corresponding to the length of time remaining in the performance period, and expected dividend yield. The weighted-average grant date fair value of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award was estimated to be $20.19 per share, and the Company estimated that as of the grant date, it would have recognized total stock-based compensation expense of approximately $232.2 million over the derived service period of each of the seven separate tranches which was between 3.45 – 5.38 years, using the accelerated attribution method. 2024 CEO PSUs and RSUs The Company determined that the concurrent cancellation of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award and granting of the 2024 CEO Award represented a modification of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award. As of the Modification Date, total subsequent stock-based compensation expense to be recognized was measured as (i) the remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the grant date fair value of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award and (ii) the incremental fair value resulting from the modification, if any. To estimate the incremental fair value resulting from the modification (if any), the Company first estimated the fair value of the modified CEO Long-Term Performance Award immediately prior to the Modification Date using a model based on multiple stock price outcomes developed through the use of a Monte Carlo simulation that incorporated into the valuation the possibility that the stock price targets may not be satisfied. A Monte Carlo simulation model requires the use of various assumptions, including the underlying stock price, volatility, and the risk-free interest rate as of the valuation date, corresponding to the length of time remaining in the performance period, and expected dividend yield. On the Modification Date, the estimated fair value of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award immediately prior to the modification was greater than the estimated fair value of the 2024 CEO Award (which was generally estimated based on the Modification Date fair value of the Class A common stock underlying the 2024 CEO Award, with consideration of the probability of achievement against the pre-established performance measures). As a result, the modification did not result in any incremental stock-based compensation expense. As of the Modification Date, total subsequent stock-based compensation expense to be recognized totaled $84.4 million. Of the total estimated stock-based compensation expense, 75% of the value was allocated to the 2024 CEO PSU Award with the remaining 25% allocated to the RSUs, based on the relative value of the two awards on the Modification Date. Under the 2024 CEO PSU Award, the number of shares that can be earned will range from 0% to 200% of the target number of shares based on the Company’s performance against two independent performance measures relative to pre-established thresholds during a two-year performance period ending on December 31, 2025. The two independent performance measures include the Company’s cumulative (i) bookings during the performance period, as defined in the grant agreement with the CEO and (ii) Adjusted EBITDA during the performance period, which correlates to the covenant adjusted EBITDA calculation used in certain covenant calculations specified in the indenture governing our 2030 Notes (the “PSU Adjusted EBITDA”). Further, the awards are subject to Mr. Baszucki’s continuous service with the Company through each vesting date, with the initial vesting date to occur in the first quarter of 2026 (of which 67% of the award earned, if any, will vest) and the remaining vesting dates to occur in four equal quarterly installments beginning in the second quarter of 2026. The Company will recognize stock-based compensation expense for the 2024 CEO PSU Award on an accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period of each separately vesting tranche. Actual performance against the pre-established threshold under the 2024 CEO PSU Award will have no impact on the subsequent stock-based compensation expense recognized. The target number of the 2024 CEO PSU Award was 446,534 in aggregate, with 80% of the target number of shares allocated to the cumulative bookings performance measure and 20% of the target number of shares allocated to the cumulative PSU Adjusted EBITDA performance measure. The Company recorded $32.6 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the 2024 CEO PSU Award and CEO Long-Term Performance Award, in total, during the year ended December 31, 2024 within general and administrative expenses. The Company recorded $48.9 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the CEO Long-Term Performance Award during each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 within general and administrative expenses. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the 2024 CEO PSU Award was $38.7 million as of December 31, 2024, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining derived service period of each respective tranche. The number of RSUs granted under the 2024 CEO Award totaled 148,844 and the RSUs will vest quarterly over a three-year service period beginning March 1, 2024, subject to Mr. Baszucki’s continued service with the Company on each vesting date. Other PSUs 2024 Executive PSU Awards During the first quarter of 2024, the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee granted PSU awards to certain members of management (the “2024 Executive PSU Awards”). The vesting requirements, performance metrics, and performance period of the 2024 Executive PSU Awards are consistent with those of the 2024 CEO PSU Award. The target number of 2024 Executive PSU Awards was 353,241 in total, with 80% of the target number of shares allocated to the cumulative bookings performance measure and 20% of the target number of shares allocated to the cumulative PSU Adjusted EBITDA performance measure. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for the 2024 Executive PSU Awards based upon the per-share grant date fair value of $41.32 on an accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period of each separately vesting tranche. At each reporting period, the amount of stock-based compensation is determined based on the probability of achievement against the pre-established performance measures and if necessary, a cumulative catch-up adjustment is recorded to reflect any revised estimates regarding the probability of achievement. During the year ended December 31, 2024, $11.3 million of stock-based compensation expense was recorded related to the 2024 Executive PSU Awards. Based on the expected probability of achievement against the pre-established performance measures as of December 31, 2024, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the 2024 Executive PSU Awards was $17.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining derived service period of each respective tranche. 2023 PSU Awards During the second quarter of 2023, the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee granted PSU awards to certain members of management (the “2023 PSU Awards”). The number of shares that can be earned will range from 0% to 200% of the target number of shares, based on the Company’s performance against two independent performance measures relative to pre-established thresholds during a two-year performance period ending on December 31, 2024. The two independent performance measures include the Company’s cumulative (i) bookings during the performance period, as defined in the respective grant agreements with each employee and (ii) PSU Adjusted EBITDA during the performance period. Further, the awards are subject to continuous employment, with the first vesting to occur in the first quarter of 2025 (in which 50% of any awards earned will vest) and the second vesting to occur in the second quarter of 2026 (in which the remaining 50% of any awards earned will vest). As of December 31, 2024, the target number of shares under the 2023 PSU Awards totaled 213,502, with 80% of the target number of shares allocated to the cumulative bookings performance measure and 20% of the target number of shares allocated to the cumulative PSU Adjusted EBITDA performance measure. Based on actual performance through the end of the performance period ending on December 31, 2024, a total of 373,029 shares were earned under the 2023 PSU Awards, subject to each employees continuous employment through the required vesting dates. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for the 2023 PSU Awards based upon the per-share grant date fair value of $45.70 on an accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period of each separately vesting tranche. At each reporting period, the amount of stock-based compensation is determined based on the probability of achievement against the pre-established performance measures and if necessary, a cumulative catch-up adjustment is recorded to reflect any revised estimates regarding the probability of achievement. On August 1, 2024, Michael Guthrie, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, notified Roblox of his intent to resign as Chief Financial Officer. The Company entered into a Separation and Transition Agreement with Mr. Guthrie on September 30, 2024 (the “Transition Agreement”), pursuant to which Mr. Guthrie’s employment with the Company will terminate upon the commencement of employment of the Company’s next Chief Financial Officer. Following his termination of employment, Mr. Guthrie will continue to serve the Company as an advisor until March 1, 2025, or, if later, the one-month anniversary of his termination date. Pursuant to his agreement, on the determination date (as defined in his applicable PSU agreement and which is expected to occur in the first quarter of 2025), Mr. Guthrie will vest into the first 50% of his 2023 PSUs, contingent upon the Company achievement of performance measures. The Company concluded that the Transition Agreement constitutes a modification of the remaining requisite service period for the modified portion of Mr. Guthrie’s 2023 PSU Award and the remaining expense related to the modified tranche was recognized in the fourth quarter of 2024. The Company recorded $6.7 million and $6.4 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the 2023 PSU Awards during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the 2023 PSU Awards was $4.0 million as of December 31, 2024, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining derived service period of each respective tranche. 2022 PSU Awards During the second quarter of 2022, the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee granted PSU awards to certain members of management (the “2022 PSU Awards”). On the grant date, the target number of 2022 PSU Awards was 207,284. The number of shares that can be earned will range from 0% to 200% of the target number of shares, based on the Company’s stock price performance and achievement of certain stock price hurdles during the last quarter of the second year through the end of the third year of a three-year performance period (the “2022 PSU Awards Stock Price Hurdles”) and subject to continuous employment through such date. The Company estimated the grant date fair value of the 2022 PSU Awards using a model based on multiple stock price outcomes developed through the use of a Monte Carlo simulation which incorporates into the valuation the possibility that the 2022 PSU Awards Stock Price Hurdles may not be satisfied. The grant date fair value of the 2022 PSU Awards was estimated to be $43.13 per share, and the Company estimates that it will recognize total stock-based compensation expense of approximately $6.0 million using the accelerated attribution method over the derived service period of each tranche which is equal to five measurement periods commencing with the last quarter of the second year and ending with the last quarter of the third year. If the 2022 PSU Awards Stock Price Hurdles are met sooner than the derived service period, the stock-based compensation expense will be adjusted to reflect the cumulative expense associated with the vested award. Stock-based compensation expense will be recognized over the requisite service period if the members of management continue to provide service to the Company, regardless of whether the 2022 PSU Awards Stock Price Hurdles are achieved. The Company recorded a stock-based compensation benefit of $0.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily driven by the departure of an executive in the second quarter of 2024, and stock-based compensation expense of $3.2 million and $3.0 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the 2022 PSU Awards. As of December 31, 2024, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the 2022 PSU awards was not material. Employee Stock Purchase Plan The following table presents the assumptions used in estimating the grant date fair value of purchase rights granted under the 2020 ESPP for the offerings made in the respective years including reset and rollover: Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Risk-free interest rate 3.91% - 5.34% 4.78% - 5.61% 0.71% - 3.35% Expected volatility 44.43% - 76.08% 47.92% - 75.99% 54.16% - 81.51% Dividend yield —% —% —% Expected terms (in years) 0.50 - 2.00 0.49 - 2.00 0.50 - 2.01 The Company recorded $18.5 million, $32.0 million, and $25.7 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the 2020 ESPP during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Equity [Abstract]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	12. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The following table shows a summary of changes in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) by component for the periods presented (in thousands): Foreign Currency Translation Unrealized Gains/(Losses) on Available-For-Sale Debt Securities Total Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 671 $ — $ 671 Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax, before reclassifications 771 (1,845) (1,074) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax — 1,939 1,939 Change in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax 771 94 865 Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 1,442 $ 94 $ 1,536 Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax, before reclassifications (3,609) (3,130) (6,739) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax — 1,308 1,308 Change in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (3,609) (1,822) (5,431) Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ (2,167) $ (1,728) $ (3,895)

Employee Benefits

Employee Benefits	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee Benefits	13. Employee Benefits Defined Contribution Plan The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution retirement plan for eligible employees. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company matched 100% of all employee contributions, up to 50% of the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) deferral limit. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company matched 100% of the first 3% of employee contributions and 50% of the next 2% for each employee, subject to the maximum total contribution mandated by the IRS. The Company made matching contributions in the amounts of $28.0 million, $24.9 million, and $14.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Joint Venture

Joint Venture	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Joint Venture	14. Joint Venture Background In February 2019, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with Songhua River Investment Limited (“Songhua”), an affiliate of Tencent Holdings Ltd. (“Tencent Holdings”), to create Roblox China Holding Corp. (in which Roblox holds a 51% ownership interest as it relates to the voting shares). Songhua contributed $50.0 million in capital in exchange for a 49% ownership interest in Roblox China Holding Corp. The business of the joint venture (either directly or indirectly through the joint venture’s wholly owned subsidiaries) is to engage in the (i) development, localization, and licensing of the Roblox application to Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Co., Ltd. for operation and publication as a game in China, and (ii) development, localization, and licensing to creators of a Chinese version of the Roblox Studio and to oversee relations with local Chinese developers. The joint venture is consolidated into the Company’s consolidated financial statements as the Company maintains a controlling financial interest through voting rights, while the minority member of the joint venture does not have substantive participating rights or veto rights. The Company classifies the 49% ownership interest held by Songhua as a noncontrolling interest on its consolidated balance sheet. Joint Venture Financing On May 10, 2023, Roblox China Holding Corp. (the “Borrower”) issued $30.0 million aggregate principal debt which matures on May 10, 2026 (the “2026 Notes”), unless earlier prepaid by the Borrower or converted by the holders into the Borrower’s voting shares. Further, the Borrower, at its sole election, may extend the maturity date by two years. The 2026 Notes were funded by the Company and Songhua (the “Lenders”) in the amounts of $15.3 million and $14.7 million, respectively. The 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.0% per annum, with accrued interest payable on the final maturity date. At any point, the Lenders may voluntarily convert the 2026 Notes into voting shares of the Borrower, provided that immediately after such conversion, the Lenders continue to own the same percentage of voting shares in the Borrower as they did immediately prior to the conversion. The conversion ratio will be determined at the time of such conversion (if any), and will be determined by dividing the then fair value of the Borrower’s voting shares (as mutually agreed to by the Lenders and Borrower) into the sum of the unpaid principal and accrued interest. The portion of the 2026 Notes outstanding to Songhua is reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as long-term debt, net, at its principal amount, while the portion outstanding to the Company – including any related interest expense – is eliminated upon consolidation. Interest expense related to the 2026 Notes was $0.9 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	15. Income Taxes The components of loss before income taxes were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Domestic $ (935,487) $ (1,151,493) $ (916,592) Foreign (1,013) (6,990) (13,997) Loss before income taxes $ (936,500) $ (1,158,483) $ (930,589) The components of the provision for/(benefit from) income taxes were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Current provision: Federal $ — $ (144) $ 144 State 2,007 (561) 2,405 Foreign 2,691 1,255 1,582 Total current provision 4,698 550 4,131 Deferred provision: Federal — — (474) State — — (105) Foreign (584) (96) — Total deferred provision (584) (96) (579) Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes $ 4,114 $ 454 $ 3,552 The provision for/(benefit from) income taxes differs from the amount estimated by applying the statutory income/(loss) before taxes as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Federal tax at statutory rate 21 % 21 % 21 % State tax at statutory rate, net of federal benefit 2 2 2 Research and development credits 9 6 2 Change in valuation allowance (35) (27) (21) Stock-based compensation 3 (3) (4) Other 0 1 0 Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes 0 % 0 % 0 % Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The following table presents the components of the Company’s deferred tax assets/(liabilities) for the periods presented (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Deferred tax assets: Accrued expenses $ 17,730 $ 14,231 $ 13,593 Intangible assets 2,050 — — Deferred revenue 285,033 246,144 198,130 Net operating loss carryforwards 599,380 599,804 490,309 Tax credit carryforwards 234,868 155,246 85,527 Stock-based compensation 31,089 29,083 28,238 Operating lease liabilities 186,229 176,007 130,688 Capitalized research and development 605,278 366,898 178,488 Other 5,650 2,914 1,988 Total gross deferred tax asset 1,967,307 1,590,327 1,126,961 Less: valuation allowance (1,551,700) (1,222,211) (907,226) Net deferred tax assets 415,607 368,116 219,735 Deferred tax liabilities: Fixed assets (40,178) (28,645) (92,009) Intangible assets — (2,735) (6,694) Operating lease right-of-use assets (155,121) (154,334) (121,032) Deferred cost of revenue (219,859) (182,495) — Total deferred tax liabilities (415,158) (368,209) (219,735) Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities) $ 449 $ (93) $ — We have not provided U.S. income taxes or foreign withholding taxes on the undistributed earnings of our profitable foreign subsidiaries because we intend to permanently reinvest such earnings in foreign operations. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the cumulative amount of earnings upon which income taxes have not been provided is not material. The Company accounts for deferred taxes under ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires a reduction of the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically based on the ASC 740 more-likely-than-not realization threshold criterion. This assessment considers matters such as future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies and results of recent operations. The evaluation of the recoverability of the deferred tax assets requires that we weigh all positive and negative evidence to reach a conclusion that it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The weight given to the evidence is commensurate with the extent to which it can be objectively verified. Due to our lack of U.S. earnings history, the net U.S. deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance. There are valuation allowances on net deferred tax assets in certain foreign jurisdictions. The deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities in other foreign jurisdictions without valuation allowances are immaterial. The Company’s valuation allowance increased by $329.5 million, $315.0 million, and $195.9 million, in the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of $2,382.3 million, which do not expire, federal net operating loss carryforwards of $10.7 million, which begin to expire in 2037, state net operating loss carryforwards of $1,433.7 million, which begin to expire in 2025, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $64.8 million, which begin to expire in 2025. As of December 31, 2024, we had U.S. federal and California research and development tax credits of approximately $304.7 million and $210.0 million, respectively. The federal research and development credits begin to expire in 2030, while California credits do not expire. Under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 (“Section 382”), an ownership change generally occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who own at least 5% of our stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. The Company did experience one or more ownership changes in financial periods ending on or before December 31, 2024. In this regard, the Company has determined that based on the timing of the ownership change and the corresponding Section 382 limitations, none of its net operating losses or other tax attributes appear to expire subject to such limitation. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year $ 172,389 $ 96,372 $ 72,919 Increases related to current year tax positions 89,881 59,917 25,458 Increases related to prior year tax positions 61 16,100 865 Decreases related to prior year tax positions (1,176) — (2,870) Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year $ 261,155 $ 172,389 $ 96,372 We classify uncertain tax positions as non-current liabilities unless expected to be paid within one year or otherwise directly related to an existing deferred tax asset, in which case the uncertain tax position is recorded as an offset to the deferred tax asset on the consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2024, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $261.2 million, of which $3.1 million would impact income tax expense if recognized. As of December 31, 2023, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $172.4 million. The Company does not anticipate any significant change within twelve months of this reporting date. The Company accrued interest and penalties of $0.7 million, $0.4 million, and $0.2 million in the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company is subject to taxation in the United States, various states, and foreign jurisdictions. All tax years for U.S. federal and California tax returns currently remain open for examination by the tax authorities. As of December 31, 2024, we are no longer subject to foreign examinations by tax authorities for years before 2019. As of December 31, 2024, the Company is under examination in a foreign jurisdiction and is not under examination by the Internal Revenue Service or any state tax jurisdictions.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share	16. Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Basic and diluted net loss per share Numerator Consolidated net loss $ (940,614) $ (1,158,937) $ (934,141) Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest (5,230) (6,991) (9,775) Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (935,384) $ (1,151,946) $ (924,366) Denominator Weighted-average common shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, based and diluted 647,482 616,445 595,559 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ (1.44) $ (1.87) $ (1.55) The potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have been anti-dilutive are as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Stock options outstanding 27,458 40,159 51,591 RSUs outstanding 35,012 39,846 30,322 2020 ESPP 1,634 3,347 2,311 2023 PSUs Awards based on performance target achievement at period-end (1) 373 9 — Stock warrants outstanding 264 264 264 RSAs outstanding 32 149 500 Total 64,773 83,774 84,988 (1) Represents the actual or hypothetical number of shares earned under the Company’s 2023 PSU Awards, based on actual performance as of the respective balance sheet date. Except for the 2023 PSU Awards, all other PSUs were excluded from the above table because the respective stock price or performance targets had not been met as of the periods presented.

Reportable Segments

Reportable Segments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Reportable Segments	17. Reportable Segments The following represents segment information for the Company’s single operating segment, for the periods presented (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Revenue $ 3,601,979 $ 2,799,274 $ 2,225,052 Add (deduct): Cost of revenue (1) $ (801,162) $ (649,115) $ (547,658) Developer exchange fees (922,821) (740,752) (623,855) Adjusted infrastructure expenses (2) (465,782) (458,753) (423,654) Adjusted trust & safety expenses (2) (254,300) (239,711) (157,412) Personnel costs, excluding stock-based compensation expense and excluding infrastructure and trust & safety personnel costs (729,424) (691,899) (526,491) Stock-based compensation expense, excluding infrastructure and trust & safety stock-based compensation expense (902,086) (775,820) (533,301) Depreciation and amortization expense (226,437) (208,142) (130,083) Other segment items (3) (374,814) (294,676) (212,126) Interest income 179,531 141,818 38,842 Interest expense (41,184) (40,707) (39,903) (Provision for)/benefit from income taxes (4,114) (454) (3,552) Consolidated net loss $ (940,614) $ (1,158,937) $ (934,141) (1) Depreciation of servers and infrastructure equipment included in infrastructure and trust & safety expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. (2) Adjusted infrastructure and adjusted trust & safety expenses exclude depreciation and amortization expense. (3) Other segment items primarily include expenses for facilities, professional services, advertising and promotions, non-capitalized software and equipment, and other income/(expense), net.

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (935,384)	$ (1,151,946)	$ (924,366)

Insider Trading Arrangements

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 shares	Dec. 31, 2024 shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
David Baszucki [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement		On November 4, 2024, David Baszucki, our Chief Executive Officer and member of our Board of Directors, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement as an individual, as trustee of The Baszucki Family Foundation, and as a representative of the Bessemer Trust Company of Delaware who serves as trustee for the 2020 Jan Baszucki Gift Trust, dated April 3, 2020 and the 2020 David Baszucki Gift Trust, dated April 3, 2020. The trading arrangement provides for the sale from time to time of an aggregate of up to 8,781,047 shares of Class A Common Stock at or above specified market prices and the gift of an aggregate of up to 1,914,015 shares of Class A Common Stock to charitable organizations. The trading arrangement expires on February 24, 2026, or earlier if all transactions under the trading arrangement are completed. The trading arrangement was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c) and the Company’s policies regarding insider transactions.
Name	David Baszucki
Title	Chief Executive Officer and member of our Board of Directors
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Adoption Date	November 4, 2024
Expiration Date	February 24, 2026
Arrangement Duration	477 days
Anthony Lee [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement		On November 15, 2024, Anthony Lee, a member of our Board of Directors, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as a trustee of the Fallen Leaf Revocable Trust. The trading arrangement provides for the sale from time to time of an aggregate of up to 660,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at or above specified market prices. The trading arrangement expires on March 31, 2026, or earlier if all transactions under the trading arrangement are completed. The trading arrangement was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c) and the Company’s policies regarding insider transactions.
Name	Anthony Lee
Title	member of our Board of Directors
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Adoption Date	November 15, 2024
Expiration Date	March 31, 2026
Arrangement Duration	501 days
Aggregate Available	660,000	660,000
Greg Baszucki [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement		On November 14, 2024, Greg Baszucki, a member of our Board of Directors, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement as trustee of the Greg & Christina Baszucki Living Trust, dated August 18, 2016. The trading arrangement provides for the sale from time to time of an aggregate of up to 1,168,650 shares of Class A Common Stock at or above specified market prices and the gift of an aggregate of up to 350,595 shares of Class A Common Stock to a charitable organization. The trading arrangement expires on March 6, 2026, or earlier if all transactions under the trading arrangement are completed. The trading arrangement was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c). and the Company’s policies regarding insider transactions.
Name	Greg Baszucki
Title	member of our Board of Directors
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Adoption Date	November 14, 2024
Expiration Date	March 6, 2026
Arrangement Duration	477 days
Aggregate Available	1,168,650	1,168,650
Michael Guthrie [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement		On November 12, 2024, Michael Guthrie, our Chief Financial Officer, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement providing for the sale from time to time of an aggregate of up to 500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at or above specified market prices. The trading arrangement expires on November 21, 2025, or earlier if all transactions under the trading arrangement are completed. The trading arrangement was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c) and the Company’s policies regarding insider transactions.
Name	Michael Guthrie
Title	Chief Financial Officer
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Adoption Date	November 12, 2024
Expiration Date	November 21, 2025
Arrangement Duration	374 days
Aggregate Available	500,000	500,000
Arvind Chakravarthy [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement		On November 5, 2024, Arvind Chakravarthy, our Chief People and Systems Officer, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement providing for the sale from time to time of an aggregate of up to 143,194 shares of Class A Common Stock plus an additional number of shares determined based on a written formula that is calculated based on a specified net number of shares of Class A Common Stock resulting from the vesting of RSU granted and ESPP shares purchased after the adoption date of the Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement at or above specified market prices. The trading arrangement expires on December 31, 2025, or earlier if all transactions under the trading arrangement are completed. The trading arrangement was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c) and the Company’s policies regarding insider transactions.
Name	Arvind Chakravarthy
Title	Chief People and Systems Officer
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Adoption Date	November 5, 2024
Expiration Date	December 31, 2025
Arrangement Duration	421 days
Aggregate Available	143,194	143,194
Mark Reinstra [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement		On November 1, 2024, Mark Reinstra, our Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement providing for the sale from time to time of an aggregate of up to 310,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, with the actual number of shares sold determined based on a written formula at specified market prices. The trading arrangement expires on May 19, 2026, or earlier if all transactions under the trading arrangement are completed. The trading arrangement was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c) and the Company’s policies regarding insider transactions.
Name	Mark Reinstra
Title	Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Adoption Date	November 1, 2024
Expiration Date	May 19, 2026
Arrangement Duration	564 days
Aggregate Available	310,000	310,000
David Baszucki Trading Arrangement, Class A Common Stock, Sale at or Above Market Price [Member] | David Baszucki [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Aggregate Available	8,781,047	8,781,047
David Baszucki Trading Arrangement, Class A Common Stock, Gift to Charitable Organizations [Member] | David Baszucki [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Aggregate Available	1,914,015	1,914,015

Insider Trading Policies and Pr

Insider Trading Policies and Procedures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted	true

Cybersecurity Risk Management a

Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance [Line Items]
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Threats [Text Block]	Risk Management and Strategy We conduct periodic risk assessments to identify significant cybersecurity threats that may affect information systems that are vulnerable to such cybersecurity threats and regularly review these risk assessments for changes in our business practices and the external cybersecurity landscape as well as the impacts of our security processes. These risk assessments include identification of reasonably foreseeable internal and external risks and evaluation of the likelihood and potential damage that could result from the realization of such risks. Following our risk assessments, we evaluate when and how to design, implement, and maintain reasonable safeguards to minimize the identified risks and address any identified gaps in existing safeguards, and proceed with such design, implementation, and maintenance as deemed appropriate. We devote significant resources and designate high-level personnel, including our Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”) who reports to our Chief People and Systems Officer, to manage the risk assessment and mitigation process. Our CISO has served in various roles in information technology and information security for over 15 years, including leading information security initiatives and incident response at two other large public companies and serving as the Chief Security Officer for the Arkansas Department of Human Services and working for the United States Department of Defense. He has an MS in Information Assurance from the University of Advanced Technology in Arizona and a BS in Computer Science from the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. All employees receive cybersecurity training during their onboarding. In addition, we have implemented a cybersecurity awareness program designed to educate employees on best security practices, emerging risk areas, and how to identify and report security threats. We include security expectations in employee performance management systems. We also engage third-party service providers in connection with our risk assessment process and certain risk management processes. Our collaboration with these third-party service providers includes threat assessments, risk analyses, assessments of the effectiveness of our cybersecurity program, policies and practices, and consultations on opportunities and potential enhancements to strengthen our cybersecurity program. We perform risk-tiered information security risk reviews for certain third-party service providers who have access to sensitive Company, user or employee information, reviewing areas such as data protection, endpoint management and protection, phishing, business continuity, and incident response management. We contractually require certain third-party service providers with access to our information technology systems, sensitive business data, and/or personal information to implement and maintain appropriate security controls and provide for contractual restrictions on their ability to use our data. Certain of our service providers are contractually required to notify us promptly of information security incidents that may affect our systems or data, including personal information. We also share and receive threat intelligence with federal, state, and local government agencies, peers and other organizations, information sharing and analysis centers, and cybersecurity associations.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Text Block]	We have an enterprise-wide information security program that is designed to identify, protect, detect, and respond to significant cybersecurity risks and threats and we have integrated this program into our overall enterprise risk management systems and processes. We routinely assess material risks from cybersecurity threats, including taking reasonable steps to detect any potential unauthorized occurrence on or behaviors conducted through our information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or any information residing therein. We maintain an incident response plan designed to identify, evaluate, respond to, and recover from a cybersecurity incident. The plans are designed to be flexible so that they may be adapted to an array of potential scenarios, and provide for the creation of cross-functional incident response teams in the event of a cybersecurity incident. We also periodically conduct testing, simulations, and tabletop exercises to help support our overall preparedness for a cybersecurity incident.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Third Party Engaged [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Third Party Oversight and Identification Processes [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Flag]	false
Cybersecurity Risk Board of Directors Oversight [Text Block]	Our Board of Directors has the ultimate responsibility for the oversight of our risk management framework, which is designed to identify, assess, and manage risks to which our Company is exposed, as well as to foster a corporate culture of integrity.
Cybersecurity Risk Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]	The Audit and Compliance Committee (the “ACC”) is central to the Board of Directors’ oversight of cybersecurity risks and has been delegated the primary responsibility for this domain. The ACC is composed of independent board members with diverse expertise including risk management, technology, and finance, equipping them to oversee cybersecurity risks effectively. The ACC has also engaged a cybersecurity advisor to assist them in cybersecurity matters. In overseeing the Company’s cybersecurity risks and mitigation strategies, at least quarterly the CISO, members of management, and the ACC’s cybersecurity advisor, review and discuss with the ACC guidelines, practices and policies to identify, monitor, and address enterprise risks, including cybersecurity risks. The ACC then oversees and monitors management’s plans to address such risks.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]	Our CISO provides briefings to the ACC at least quarterly regarding, among other topics, recent notable cybersecurity incidents, even if immaterial, and the Company’s response, cybersecurity systems testing results, the Company’s cybersecurity threat landscape, which includes emerging risks and threats, compliance with regulatory requirements and industry standards.
Cybersecurity Risk Role of Management [Text Block]	Management is responsible for the day-to-day oversight and management of strategic, operational, legal and compliance, cybersecurity, and financial risks.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Text Block]	Governance Our Board of Directors has the ultimate responsibility for the oversight of our risk management framework, which is designed to identify, assess, and manage risks to which our Company is exposed, as well as to foster a corporate culture of integrity. Management is responsible for the day-to-day oversight and management of strategic, operational, legal and compliance, cybersecurity, and financial risks. The Audit and Compliance Committee (the “ACC”) is central to the Board of Directors’ oversight of cybersecurity risks and has been delegated the primary responsibility for this domain. The ACC is composed of independent board members with diverse expertise including risk management, technology, and finance, equipping them to oversee cybersecurity risks effectively. The ACC has also engaged a cybersecurity advisor to assist them in cybersecurity matters. In overseeing the Company’s cybersecurity risks and mitigation strategies, at least quarterly the CISO, members of management, and the ACC’s cybersecurity advisor, review and discuss with the ACC guidelines, practices and policies to identify, monitor, and address enterprise risks, including cybersecurity risks. The ACC then oversees and monitors management’s plans to address such risks. Our CISO, and management committee on cybersecurity consisting of our Chief People and Systems Officer, General Counsel, Chief Financial Officer, and CISO, are primarily responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats and overseeing our cybersecurity policies and processes, including those described in “Risk Management and Strategy” above. The processes by which our CISO, and our management committee on cybersecurity, are informed about and monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents includes both manual reviews and automated reviews of our systems and data, a bug bounty program, self-reporting, participation in information sharing forums on cybersecurity, proactive education of our service providers and product and application security reviews. In the event of a cybersecurity incident, the CISO is equipped with a well-defined incident response plan to guide response actions. This incident response plan includes immediate actions to assess and mitigate the impact of the incident, long-term strategies for remediation and prevention of future incidents, and provides for internal notification of the incident functional areas (e.g. legal) as well as senior leadership and the ACC of the Board of Directors, as appropriate. Our CISO provides briefings to the ACC at least quarterly regarding, among other topics, recent notable cybersecurity incidents, even if immaterial, and the Company’s response, cybersecurity systems testing results, the Company’s cybersecurity threat landscape, which includes emerging risks and threats, compliance with regulatory requirements and industry standards. Notwithstanding the extensive approach we take to cybersecurity, including managing associated risks, we may not be successful in managing risks from cybersecurity threats, including identifying, preventing, or mitigating a cybersecurity incident that could have a material adverse effect on us. While we maintain cybersecurity insurance, the costs related to cybersecurity threats or disruptions may not be fully insured.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Expertise of Management Responsible [Text Block]	We devote significant resources and designate high-level personnel, including our Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”) who reports to our Chief People and Systems Officer, to manage the risk assessment and mitigation process. Our CISO has served in various roles in information technology and information security for over 15 years, including leading information security initiatives and incident response at two other large public companies and serving as the Chief Security Officer for the Arkansas Department of Human Services and working for the United States Department of Defense. He has an MS in Information Assurance from the University of Advanced Technology in Arizona and a BS in Computer Science from the University of Arkansas at Little Rock.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Management or Committees Responsible [Text Block]	The processes by which our CISO, and our management committee on cybersecurity, are informed about and monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents includes both manual reviews and automated reviews of our systems and data, a bug bounty program, self-reporting, participation in information sharing forums on cybersecurity, proactive education of our service providers and product and application security reviews.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible Report to Board [Flag]	true

Overview and Summary of Signi_2

Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Fiscal Year	Fiscal Year —The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31.
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation —The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation —The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries over which the Company has control. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The consolidated financial statements include 100% of the accounts of wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries, and the ownership interest of minority investors is recorded as noncontrolling interest.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates —The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the estimated period of time the virtual items are available to the user, which is estimated as the average lifetime of a paying user, and the estimated amount of consumable and durable virtual items purchased for which the Company lacks specific information that is used for revenue recognition, the estimated amount of expected breakage related to prepaid card sales, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, fair value of assets and liabilities acquired through acquisitions, accrued liabilities (including accrued developer exchange fees), contingent liabilities, valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, stock-based compensation expense, the discount rate used in measuring our operati ng lease liabilities, the carrying value of operating lease right-of-use assets, evaluation of recoverability of goodwill, intangible assets and long-lived assets, and as necessary, estimates of fair value to measure impairment losses. Management believes that the estimates, and judgments upon which they rely, are reasonable based upon information available to them at the time that these estimates and judgments are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s consolidated financial statements will be affected.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Roblox Platform The Company operates the Roblox Platform as live services that allow users to play and socialize with others for free. However, users can purchase virtual currency (“Robux”) to ultimately obtain virtual items to enhance their social experience. Proceeds from the sale of Robux are initially recorded in deferred revenue and recognized as revenue as a user purchases and uses virtual items. The Company classifies deferred revenue as short-term or long-term based on when the Company expects to recognize the revenue. The Company’s identified performance obligation is to provide users with the ability to acquire, use, and hold virtual items on the Roblox Platform over the estimated period of time the virtual items are available to the user or until the virtual items are consumed. Users can purchase Robux as one-time purchases or through monthly subscriptions via payment processors or through prepaid cards. The Company offers prepaid cards through online and physical retailers, as well as on the Company website. The Company estimates expected breakage on prepaid card sales by taking into consideration historical patterns of redemption and escheatment laws as applicable. Payments from users are non-refundable and relate to non-cancellable contracts for a fixed price that specify Company’s obligations. Revenue is recorded net of taxes assessed by government authorities that are both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue transactions between the Company and its users, and estimated chargebacks and refunds. The satisfaction of the Company’s performance obligation is dependent on the nature of the virtual item purchased and as a result, the Company categorizes its virtual items as either consumable or durable. • Consumable virtual items represent items that can be consumed by a specific user action (e.g. a one-time boost or the ability to skip or redo an action). Common characteristics of consumable virtual items may include items that are no longer displayed on the user’s inventory after a short period of time or do not provide the user any continuing benefit following consumption. For the sale of consumable virtual items, the Company recognizes revenue as the items are consumed. • Durable virtual items represent items which result in a persistent change to a users’ character or item set (e.g., virtual hat, pet, or house). These items are generally available to the customer to hold, use, or display for as long as they are on the Roblox Platform. The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of durable virtual items ratably over the estimated period of time the items are available to the user which is estimated as the average lifetime of a paying user. To separately account for consumable and durable virtual items, the Company specifically identifies each purchase for the majority of virtual items purchased on the Roblox Platform. For the remaining population, the Company estimates the amount of consumable and durable virtual items purchased based on data from specifically identified purchases and the expected behavior of the users within similar experiences. The estimation of consumable and durable virtual items purchased for the population of purchases not specifically identified requires management’s judgment as the Company evaluates and estimates the expected behavior of users in the population using information from known purchases in similar experiences. At the onset of each quarter, the average lifetime of a paying user estimate is calculated based on historical monthly retention data for each user cohort to project future participation on the Roblox Platform. Determining the estimated average lifetime of a paying user requires management’s judgment as the Company analyzes the most recent trends in player cohort activity and other qualitative factors, including changes to paying user behavior influenced by broader product changes and/or content virality, the availability of the Roblox Platform across markets and user demographics, impacts due to macroeconomic factors such as COVID-19, existing and new competition from a variety of entertainment resources for our users, and other factors. The Company also considers results from prior analyses in determining the estimated average lifetime of a paying user. The Company believes this estimate is the best representation of the average life of the durable virtual items. In the second quarter of 2024, the Company updated its estimated paying user life from 28 months to 27 months, where it remained through December 31, 2024. Based on the carrying amount of deferred revenue and deferred cost of revenue as of March 31, 2024, the change resulted in an increase in revenue and cost of revenue of $98.0 million and $20.4 million, respectively, during fiscal year 2024. The estimated paying user life was 28 months during fiscal year 2023. In the first quarter of 2022, the Company updated its estimated paying user life from 23 months to 25 months, which was subsequently updated again to 28 months in the third quarter of 2022. Based on the carrying amount of deferred revenue and deferred cost of revenue as of December 31, 2021, these changes in estimates resulted in a decrease in revenue and cost of revenue of $344.9 million and $79.3 million, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2022. Principal Agent Considerations The Company evaluates the sales of Robux via third-party payment processors to determine whether its revenues should be reported gross or net of fees either retained by the payment processor or paid to the developers and creators (“Developer Exchange Fees”). The Company is the principal in the transaction with the end user as a result of controlling, hosting, and integrating the delivery of the virtual items to the end user. The Company records revenue gross as a principal and records fees paid to payment processors as a component of cost of revenue and fees paid to developers and creators as a component of developer exchange fees expense. Other Revenue Other revenue primarily consists of revenue from advertising, licenses, and royalties. The Company recognizes revenue based on the performance obligations of the underlying agreements, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to.
Cost of Revenue	Cost of Revenue —Cost of revenue primarily consists of third-party payment processing fees charged by various distribution channels in connection with sales of our virtual currency. Cost of revenue also includes sales tax expense for jurisdictions where the Company does not collect sales tax from the purchaser at the time of the sale and costs associated with the printing of prepaid cards.
Deferred Cost of Revenue	Deferred Cost of Revenue —The Company defers contract costs that are direct and incremental to obtaining user contracts (i.e., sales of Robux). Deferred cost of revenue consists of payment processing fees charged by third-party payment processors. Payment processing fees are amortized over the estimated period of time the virtual items are available to the user on the Roblox Platform (based on the nature of the virtual item as either consumable or durable) in proportion to the revenue recognized. The Company classifies deferred cost of revenue as short-term or long-term based on when the Company expects to recognize the expense.
Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers	Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers —Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, long-term investments and accounts receivables. Cash is deposited with high quality financial institutions and may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s cash deposits are financially creditworthy and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to those balances. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and therefore, bear minimal interest rate risk. As it relates to cash equivalents, short-term investments, and long-term investments, the Company’s investment policy limits the amount of credit exposure in its portfolio by imposing credit rating minimums and limiting purchases by security type. The Company uses various distribution channels to collect and remit payments from users. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, one distribution channel accounted for 29% and 30% of our accounts receivable, respectively, while a second distribution channel accounted for 26% and 26% of our accounts receivable, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, one distribution channel processed 30%, 30%, and 32% of our overall revenue transactions, respectively, and a second distribution channel processed 16%, 17%, and 18% of our overall revenue transactions, respectively.
Fair Value Hierarchy	Fair Value Hierarchy —Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated financial statements are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Hierarchical levels, which are directly related to the amount of subjectivity, associated with the inputs to the valuation of these assets or liabilities are as follows: Level 1 —Inputs that are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Level 2 —Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level 1) that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life. Level 3 —Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities and which reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model. In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash —Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash in hand and money market instruments with maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase.
Short-Term and Long-Term Investments	Short-Term and Long-Term Investments —Realized gains and losses for all investments are determined using the specific-identification method and are reflected as a component of other income/(expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. Debt Securities Short-term and long-term investments generally include corporate debt securities, commercial paper, U.S. Treasury securities, and U.S. agency securities. Based on our intentions, all debt investments are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income, net of tax. The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments as short-term or long-term at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determination at each reporting period based on their respective maturity dates and the Company’s reasonable expectation with regard to those investments (e.g. expectations of future sales or redemptions). For debt securities in an unrealized loss position, we first consider whether we intend to or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the individual security prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis and if so, we adjust the carrying value of security down to its fair value, with the amount of the write-down recorded as a realized loss within other income/(expense), net. Otherwise, we determine whether a decline in fair value is attributable to a partial or full credit loss by reviewing factors such as the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, changes in interest rates since the purchase of the security, the financial condition of the issuer, including changes in credit ratings, the remaining payment terms of the security, as well as any adverse conditions specifically related to the security, the issuer’s industry or its geographic area. If a credit loss exists, we adjust the carrying value by recording expense within other income/(expense), net equal to the amount of the credit loss, with such amount limited to the amount of the unrealized loss. Subsequent recoveries of fair value originally attributed to a credit loss are subsequently recognized as income within other income/(expense), net. Finally, any unrealized loss not deemed to be attributable to a credit loss is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax. The Company has not experienced any material credit losses to date. For purposes of identifying and measuring credit losses, the Company excludes any related accrued interest from both the fair value and amortized cost basis of the investment. Accrued interest receivable, net of the allowance for credit losses (if any), is recorded as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated financial statements. Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Value Short-term investments include mutual fund investments related to the Company’s nonqualified deferred compensation plan, which are held in a rabbi trust. The Company classifies these investments as trading securities as the rabbi trust actively manages the asset allocation to match the participants’ hypothetical fund allocations. The Company considers investments held in the rabbi trust to be restricted given their withdrawal and general use is legally restricted. All equity inve stments are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded within other income/(expense), net in our consolidated statement of operations.
Accounts Receivable and Related Allowance	Accounts Receivable and Related Allowances — Accounts receivable represent amounts due to us based on contractual obligations with our customers. Payments made by the Company’s users are collected by payment processors and remitted to the Company generally within 30 days of invoicing. The Company maintains allowances for potential credit losses when deemed necessary. The Company has not experienced any material credit losses to date. In cases where the Company is aware of circumstances that may impair a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations, it records a specific allowance as a reduction to the accounts receivable balance to reduce it to its net realizable value. In addition, the Company holds a reserve for chargebacks and refunds based on historical data and current trends and projections. Specific allowances, chargeback, and refund reserves have not been material for any of the periods presented.
Property and Equipment—Net	Property and Equipment—Net —
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Intangible Assets —Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination and is allocated to reporting units expected to benefit from the business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but rather tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired. When conducting our annual goodwill impairment assessment, we perform a quantitative evaluation by comparing the estimated fair value of our single reporting unit, determined using the Company’s market capitalization as of the testing date, to its carrying value. Goodwill impairment is recognized when the quantitative assessment results in the carrying value exceeding the fair value, in which case an impairment charge is recorded to the extent the carrying value exceeds the fair value. There were no impairment charges to goodwill during any of the periods presented. Intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. Intangible assets with finite lives are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the respective asset, generally up to 5 years, or in the case of acquired patents, up to 10 years.
Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions	Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions —To determine whether a transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition or business combination, the Company applies a screen test to evaluate if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If the screen test does not result in substantially all of the fair value concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the Company performs a second test to evaluate whether the assets and activities transferred include inputs and substantive processes that together, significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs, which would constitute a business. If the result of the second test indicates that the acquired assets and activities constitute a business, the Company accounts for the transaction as a business combination. For business combinations, the purchase consideration is allocated to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on their respective estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over their fair values is recorded as goodwill. The Company’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable, and as a result, actual results may differ from estimates . As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year following the acquisition date, if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these assets and liabilities, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company accounts for a transaction as an asset acquisition when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, or otherwise does not meet the definition of a business. Asset acquisition-related costs are capitalized as part of the asset or assets acquired.
Software Development Costs and Research and Development Cost	Software Development Costs —The Company incurs costs related to developing the Roblox Platform and related support systems. The Company capitalizes development costs, such as salaries and wages, stock-based compensation expense, and other direct compensation-related costs, once the preliminary project stage is completed, management has authorized and committed project funding, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used as intended. Development costs meeting the Company’s capitalization criteria were not material during any of the periods presented. Research and Development Cost
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets— The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used when indicators of impairment exist. The carrying value of a long-lived asset to be held and used is considered impaired when the estimated separately identifiable undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than the carrying value of the asset. In that event, an impairment loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived asset. Significant judgment is required to assess the appropriate asset grouping(s) and estimate the amount and timing of future cash flows and the relative risk of achieving those cash flows. Assumptions and estimates about future values and remaining useful lives are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in the Company’s business strategy and internal forecasts.
Developer Exchange Fees Expense	Developer Exchange Fees Expense —The Company has established an incentive program for developers and creators to build and operate virtual experiences within the Roblox environment. Developers and creators can primarily earn Robux through the sale of access to their experiences and enhancements in their experiences, the incorporation of immersive ads, the sale of content and tools between developers through the Creator Store, and the sale of items to users through the Marketplace. Developers can also earn Robux through our engagement-based reward program that rewards developers based on the number of hours spent in their experiences by Roblox Premium subscribers. Under certain conditions, and in compliance with applicable law, these developers and creators are eligible to receive a fiat currency payout based on the amount of accumulated earned Robux through our Developer Exchange Program. In order to be qualified for our Developer Exchange Program and eligible to exchange earned Robux for fiat currency, developers and creators must meet certain conditions, such as having earned the minimum amount of Robux required to qualify for the program, a verified developer account, and an account in good standing. On January 31, 2022, we reduced the minimum amount of earned Robux required to qualify for the program from 100,000 Robux to 50,000 Robux and subsequently on January 31, 2023, we further reduced the minimum requirement from 50,000 Robux to 30,000 Robux. The Company recognizes the expense associated with the Developer Exchange Program as Robux are earned by developers and creators that are qualified and registered in the Developer Exchange Program.
Infrastructure and Trust & Safety Expense	Infrastructure and Trust & Safety Expense
Stock-Based Compensation Expense	Stock-Based Compensation Expense — The Company measures and recognizes stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards, including stock options, unregistered restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and performance stock units (“PSUs”) granted to employees, directors, and non-employees, and stock purchase rights granted under the 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2020 ESPP”) to employees, based on the estimated grant date fair value of the awards. The Company records forfeitures when they occur for all stock-based awards. The fair value of each stock option and stock purchase right granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires certain subjective inputs and assumptions, including the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock, the expected term, risk-free interest rates, expected stock price volatility, and expected dividend yield of our Class A common stock. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the option awards represent management’s best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. These assumptions and estimates are as follows: • Fair value of Class A common stock— Prior to the Direct Listing, the fair value of the shares of Class A common stock underlying the stock options and RSUs was historically determined by the Company’s Board of Directors along with management as there was no public market for the underlying common stock. The Company’s Board of Directors along with management determined the fair value of the Company’s common stock by considering a number of objective and subjective factors including: contemporaneous third-party valuations of its common stock, the valuation of comparable companies, sales of the Company’s common and convertible preferred stock to outside investors in arms-length transactions, the Company’s operating and financial performance, the lack of marketability, and the general and industry specific economic outlook, amongst other factors. After the completion of the Direct listing, the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock is determined based on the NYSE closing price on the date of grant. • Expected term—The expected term represents the period that stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The expected term assumptions are determined based on the vesting terms, estimated exercise behavior, post-vesting cancellations and contractual lives of the awards. • Risk-free interest rates—The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yields in effect at the time of the grant of U.S. Treasury notes with terms approximately equal to the expected term of the award. • Expected stock price volatility— Prior to the Direct Listing, the Company used the historical volatility of the Class A common stock price of similar publicly-traded peer companies. After the completion of the Direct Listing, the Company continued to use the historical volatility of the stock price of similar publicly traded peer companies until the first quarter of 2024, which is the point at which the Company believed it had sufficient public trading history. • Expected dividend yield—The Company utilizes a dividend yield of zero, as it has no history or plan of declaring dividends on its common stock. RSUs granted by the Company prior to March 2021 vest upon the satisfaction of both a service-based vesting condition, which is typically four years, and a liquidity event-related performance vesting condition. The liquidity event-related performance vesting condition was satisfied on March 2, 2021 (the “Effective Date”) and the Company recorded a cumulative stock-based compensation expense as of the Direct Listing date for those RSUs for which the service-based vesting condition has been satisfied. Stock-based compensation related to the remaining service-based period after the liquidity event-related performance vesting condition was satisfied is recorded over the remaining requisite service period using the accelerated attribution method. For RSUs granted subsequent to the Direct Listing, we recognize stock-based compensation expense based on grant date fair value on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. Th e grant date fair value of our Class A common stock associated with our RSUs granted subsequent to the Direct Listing is determined based on the NYSE closing price on the date of grant.
Advertising Expense	Advertising Expense
Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share	Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share —Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents to the extent they are dilutive. For purposes of this calculation, convertible preferred stock, stock options, RSUs, PSUs, RSAs, convertible preferred stock warrants, and common stock warrants, as applicable, are considered to be common stock equivalents but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is anti-dilutive for all periods presented.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes —The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the statement of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax benefit for which the future realization is uncertain. The tax effects of a position are recognized only if it is more likely than not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits as of the reporting date. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income taxes as components of interest expense and other expense, respectively.
Leases	Leases —The Company accounts for lessee and lessor arrangements as follows: Lessee Arrangements The Company leases facilities under non-cancellable operating lease agreements primarily for real estate and co-located data centers. These leases have varying terms up to 12 years and generally contain leasehold improvement incentives, rent holidays, and escalation clauses. In addition, some of these leases have renewal options for up to five years after expiration of the initial term. The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. The Company determines if a contract contains a lease based on whether we have the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of an identified asset and whether we have the right to direct the use of an identified asset in exchange for consideration. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. Operating lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease at the commencement date and are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at the lease commencement date. Operating lease ROU assets are recognized as the lease liability, adjusted for lease incentives received, initial direct costs, and prepayments made, if any. In determining the present value of lease payments, the Company discounts future lease payments using its incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) since the implicit rate in our various leases is unknown. The IBR represents the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term at an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company utilizes a market-based approach to estimate the IBR, which requires significant judgment. The Company primarily considers the current economic environment, lease term and currency in which the lease is denominated, as well as (i) yields on corporate bond with a credit rating similar to the Company; (ii) yields on our outstanding unsecured debt; and (iii) indicative pricing on both secured and unsecured debt received from potential lenders (if any). Certain lease agreements include options to renew or early terminate the lease, and we include such extension periods when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised and include such periods beyond the early termination date when it is reasonably certain the early terminations will not be exercised. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments are expensed when the underlying uncertainty is resolved, which is generally when the obligation for those costs are incurred and are excluded from the measurement of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Variable lease payments primarily include common-area maintenance, utilities, taxes or other operating costs, which are generally based on a percentage of actual expenses incurred or a fluctuating rate which is unknown at the inception of the contract. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less (“short-term leases”) are not recognized on the balance sheet. The Company recognizes lease expense for short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company does not account for lease components (e.g., fixed payments including rent) separately from the non-lease components (e.g., common-area maintenance costs). Lessor Arrangements The Company has subleased office space in its former San Mateo, California corporate headquarters. The Company does not separate lease components from non-lease components and therefore allocates the entire consideration in its contracts to the lease components. All of the lease and non-lease components qualify for accounting under ASC Topic 842 Leases
Foreign Currency Transactions	Foreign Currency Transactions — Beginning January 1, 2024, the functional currency of certain non-U.S. dollar functional currency international subsidiaries was re-assessed from the U.S. dollar to the local currency that the international subsidiary operates in. Prior to January 1, 2024, the functional currency of the Company’s international subsidiaries was primarily the U.S. dollar. The effects of the changes in functional currency were not significant to our consolidated financial statements. The Company translates the financial statements of non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries to U.S. dollars using the period-end exchange rate for assets and liabilities and the average exchange rate for the period for revenues and expenses. The effects of foreign currency translation are included in stockholders’ equity and periodic movements are summarized as a line item in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The Company reflects foreign exchange transaction gains and (losses) resulting from the conversion of the transaction currency to the functional currency, which includes gains and losses from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities, as a component of other income/(expense), net. Net foreign exchange losses totaled $14.1 million, $2.0 million, and $5.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
Reportable Segments	Reportable Segments — Roblox derives revenue globally and manages its business activities on a consolidated basis, resulting in a single operating and reportable segment, which is at the consolidated level. The technology used in its customer arrangements is primarily based on a similar software application that is available on various platforms, such as mobile devices, consoles, and computers, that is used by customers in a similar manner. The chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) of the Company is its chief executive officer (“CEO”) who assesses performance of our single operating segment and decides how to allocate resources based on consolidated net loss that is reported on the consolidated statement of operations, as well as through other performance measures. The CODM considers consolidated net loss in deciding how to reinvest profits into the Company, including to its developer and creator community, people, and technology and infrastructure, including its trust and safety systems, and other areas such as for acquisitions. The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheet as total assets.
Accounting Pronouncements	Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which requires public entities to disclose expanded information about their reportable segment(s)’ significant expenses and other segment items on an interim and annual basis. The Company adopted the ASU retrospectively on January 1, 2024 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, outside of the enhanced disclosures under the “Reportable Segments” header above and Note 17, “Reportable Segments”. Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which requires public entities to disclose specific tax rate reconciliation categories, as well as income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction, amongst other disclosure enhancements. The ASU is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The ASU can be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is evaluating the disclosure requirements related to the new standard. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement: Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures,” which requires disclosure of certain costs and expenses in the notes of financial statements, including, amongst others, the amount of employee compensation expense and depreciation and amortization expense within each caption presented on the face of the income statement within continuing operations. Further, the disclosures require a qualitative description of the remaining cost and expense amounts within each relevant expense caption that are not separately disaggregated, as well as a description and the total amount of selling expenses. The ASU is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. The ASU can be early adopted and should be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the disclosure requirements related to the new standard.

Overview and Summary of Signi_3

Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Schedule of Property And Equipment, Net	The estimated useful life for each asset category is as follows: Property and Equipment Estimated Useful Life Servers and related equipment 5 years Computer hardware and software 2 - 5 years Furniture and fixtures 2 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of remaining lease term or estimated useful life Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 Servers and related equipment and software $ 898,598 $ 914,989 Computer hardware and software licenses 55,002 43,732 Furniture and fixtures 2,121 520 Leasehold improvements 245,150 101,785 Construction in progress 46,158 77,043 Total property and equipment 1,247,029 1,138,069 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization expense (587,440) (442,709) Property and equipment—net $ 659,589 $ 695,360

Revenue from Contracts with C_2

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated By Geography	The following table summarizes revenue by region based on the billing country of users (in thousands, except percentages): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Amount Percentage of Revenue Amount Percentage of Revenue Amount Percentage of Revenue United States and Canada (1) $ 2,281,319 63 % $ 1,803,812 64 % $ 1,465,955 66 % Europe 659,593 18 505,633 18 404,431 18 Asia-Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand 379,027 11 286,930 10 204,261 8 Rest of world 282,040 8 202,899 7 150,405 7 Total $ 3,601,979 100 % $ 2,799,274 100 % $ 2,225,052 100 % (1) The Company’s revenues in the United States were 59%, 60%, and 62% of consolidated revenues for each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]
Schedule of Lease, Cost	The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Operating lease expense $ 174,174 $ 139,482 $ 90,933 Variable and short-term lease expense 53,627 31,655 11,586 Net operating lease expense $ 227,801 $ 171,137 $ 102,519
Schedule of Non-cancelable Operating Leases	The following table presents future lease payments under the Company’s non-cancellable operating leases, including leases the Company has assigned, as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2025 $ 144,431 2026 153,386 2027 132,737 2028 115,569 2029 105,194 Thereafter 377,010 Total lease payments $ 1,028,327 Less: imputed interest (1) (229,419) Present value of lease liabilities $ 798,908 (1) Calculated using each lease’s incremental borrowing rate.
Schedule of Supplemental Information	The following table presents the weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates as of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023: As of December 31, 2024 2023 Weighted average remaining lease term (years) 7.5 7.9 Weighted average discount rate 6.3 % 6.3 % Supplemental cash and noncash information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities (1) $ 158,381 $ 105,337 $ 70,515 Lease liabilities arising from obtaining new right-of-use assets (noncash) $ 120,822 $ 256,500 $ 373,844 (1) The years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 exclude $31.5 million, $16.6 million, and $1.8 million, respectively, of leasehold incentives received from the landlord.
Schedule of Future Sublease Payments Due	The following table presents future sublease payments due to the Company under its subleases as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2025 $ 9,713 2026 10,530 2027 5,434 Thereafter — Total sublease income $ 25,677

Cash Equivalents and Investme_2

Cash Equivalents and Investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Schedule of Cash Equivalents and Short and Long-Term Investments	The following is a summary of the Company’s cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Cash Equivalents Short-Term Investments Long-Term Investments Debt Securities Level 1 Money market funds $ 615,890 $ — $ — $ 615,890 $ 615,890 $ — $ — U.S. Treasury securities 2,159,558 1,886 (4,446) 2,156,998 — 1,402,694 754,304 Subtotal 2,775,448 1,886 (4,446) 2,772,888 615,890 1,402,694 754,304 Level 2 U.S. agency securities 293,423 82 (211) 293,294 — 1 293,293 Commercial paper 280,243 — (1) 280,242 19,818 260,424 — Corporate debt securities 594,221 2,202 (1,240) 595,183 — 32,565 562,618 Subtotal 1,167,887 2,284 (1,452) 1,168,719 19,818 292,990 855,911 Total Debt Securities $ 3,943,335 $ 4,170 $ (5,898) $ 3,941,607 $ 635,708 $ 1,695,684 $ 1,610,215 Equity Securities Level 1 Mutual funds (1) $ 2,178 $ — $ 2,178 $ — Total Equity Securities $ 2,178 $ — $ 2,178 $ — Total Cash Equivalents and Investments $ 3,943,335 $ 4,170 $ (5,898) $ 3,943,785 $ 635,708 $ 1,697,862 $ 1,610,215 As of December 31, 2023 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Cash Equivalents Short-Term Investments Long-Term Investments Debt Securities Level 1 Money market funds $ 614,888 $ — $ — $ 614,888 $ 614,888 $ — $ — U.S. Treasury securities 1,692,700 2,007 (2,547) 1,692,160 — 1,155,218 536,942 Subtotal 2,307,588 2,007 (2,547) 2,307,048 614,888 1,155,218 536,942 Level 2 U.S. agency securities 286,007 27 (197) 285,837 — 137,151 148,686 Commercial paper 184,465 — — 184,465 14,827 169,638 — Corporate debt securities 409,037 2,066 (1,262) 409,841 — 52,070 357,771 Subtotal 879,509 2,093 (1,459) 880,143 14,827 358,859 506,457 Total Debt Securities $ 3,187,097 $ 4,100 $ (4,006) $ 3,187,191 $ 629,715 $ 1,514,077 $ 1,043,399 Equity Securities Level 1 Mutual funds (1) $ 731 $ — $ 731 $ — Total Equity Securities $ 731 $ — $ 731 $ — Total Cash Equivalents and Investments $ 3,187,097 $ 4,100 $ (4,006) $ 3,187,922 $ 629,715 $ 1,514,808 $ 1,043,399 (1) The equity securities relate to the Company’s nonqualified deferred compensation plan and are held in a rabbi trust. Refer to Note 1, “Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”, section titled “Deferred Compensation Plan” to the notes to the consolidated financial statements for more information.
Schedule of Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value	The following table presents fair values and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses U.S. Treasury securities $ 638,363 $ (4,434) $ 25,891 $ (12) $ 664,254 $ (4,446) U.S. agency securities 102,229 (211) — — 102,229 (211) Commercial paper 10,937 (1) — — 10,937 (1) Corporate debt securities 256,629 (1,233) 3,041 (7) 259,670 (1,240) Total $ 1,008,158 $ (5,879) $ 28,932 $ (19) $ 1,037,090 $ (5,898) As of December 31, 2023 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses U.S. Treasury securities $ 486,424 $ (2,547) $ — $ — $ 486,424 $ (2,547) U.S. agency securities 182,475 (197) — — 182,475 (197) Corporate debt securities 248,287 (1,262) — — 248,287 (1,262) Total $ 917,186 $ (4,006) $ — $ — $ 917,186 $ (4,006)

Acquisitions (Tables)

Acquisitions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]
Schedule of Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed	The following table summarizes the Company’s allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Speechly Acquisition Date (in thousands): September 18, 2023 Cash and cash equivalents $ 970 Other current assets acquired 111 Intangible assets, net Developed technology, useful life of five years 2,800 Goodwill 7,536 Other current liabilities assumed $ (1,117) Other long-term liabilities assumed (182) Total purchase price $ 10,118 The following table summarizes the Company’s allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Byfron Acquisition Date (in thousands): October 11, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents $ 380 Goodwill 3,882 Identified intangible assets 5,500 Other assets 169 Other current liabilities $ (328) Total purchase price $ 9,603 The following table summarizes the Company’s allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Hamul Acquisition Date (in thousands): April 1, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,020 Goodwill 12,382 Identified intangible assets 4,500 Deferred tax liabilities (579) Total purchase price $ 19,323
Schedule of Aggregate Purchase Consideration	The aggregate purchase consideration comprised of the following (in thousands): Fair Value Cash paid $ 7,603 Cash holdback 2,000 Total purchase price $ 9,603 Fair Value Cash paid $ 9,185 Common stock issued 4,009 Replacement awards attributable to pre-acquisition service 6,129 Total purchase price $ 19,323
Schedule of Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class	The following table presents details of the identifiable assets acquired (in thousands, except estimated useful life): Carrying Amount Estimated Useful Life (Years) Developed technology $ 5,500 5 Total $ 5,500 The following table presents details of the identifiable assets acquired (in thousands, except estimated useful life): Carrying Estimated Useful Life (Years) Developed technology $ 4,500 5 Total $ 4,500

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Goodwill	The following table represents the changes to goodwill from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024 (in thousands): Carrying Amount Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 134,335 Additions from acquisitions 7,536 Foreign currency translation adjustments 258 Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 142,129 Foreign currency translation adjustments (441) Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 141,688
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets	The following tables present details of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Developed technology $ 75,291 $ (54,348) $ 20,943 Patents 14,200 (2,150) 12,050 Assembled workforce 10,000 (9,750) 250 Trade name 500 (333) 167 Total intangible assets $ 99,991 $ (66,581) $ 33,410 As of December 31, 2023 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Developed technology $ 75,455 $ (39,411) $ 36,044 Patents 14,200 (650) 13,550 Assembled workforce 10,000 (7,374) 2,626 Trade name 500 (233) 267 Total intangible assets $ 100,155 $ (47,668) $ 52,487
Schedule of Expected Future Amortization Expenses Related to the Intangible Assets	Expected future amortization expenses related to the Company’s finite lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands): Year ending December 31: 2025 $ 15,694 2026 6,660 2027 3,096 2028 1,910 2029 1,500 Thereafter 4,550 Total remaining amortization expense $ 33,410

Other Balance Sheet Components

Other Balance Sheet Components (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Other Balance Sheet Components [Abstract]
Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 Prepaid expenses $ 47,919 $ 48,555 Accrued interest receivable 19,690 14,697 Other current assets 7,806 11,297 Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 75,415 $ 74,549
Schedule of Property And Equipment, Net	The estimated useful life for each asset category is as follows: Property and Equipment Estimated Useful Life Servers and related equipment 5 years Computer hardware and software 2 - 5 years Furniture and fixtures 2 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of remaining lease term or estimated useful life Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 Servers and related equipment and software $ 898,598 $ 914,989 Computer hardware and software licenses 55,002 43,732 Furniture and fixtures 2,121 520 Leasehold improvements 245,150 101,785 Construction in progress 46,158 77,043 Total property and equipment 1,247,029 1,138,069 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization expense (587,440) (442,709) Property and equipment—net $ 659,589 $ 695,360
Schedule of Long-lived Assets by Geographic Areas	Property and equipment, net, by geographic area was as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 United States $ 615,665 $ 646,572 Rest of world 43,924 48,788 Total $ 659,589 $ 695,360
Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 Accrued operating expenses and liabilities $ 49,478 $ 51,921 Short-term operating lease liabilities 128,857 111,293 Accrued interest on the 2030 Notes 6,458 6,458 Taxes payable 54,609 59,632 Accrued compensation and other employee related liabilities 28,147 32,125 Other current liabilities 8,205 9,692 Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 275,754 $ 271,121

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Debt Instrument Redemption	Year Percentage 2024 101.938 % 2025 100.969 % 2026 and thereafter 100.000 %
Schedule of Long-term Debt	The net carrying amount of the 2030 Notes, which is presented as a component of long-term debt in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, was as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 2030 Notes Principal $ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000 Unamortized issuance costs (8,329) (9,700) Net carrying amount $ 991,671 $ 990,300
Schedule of Interest Expense	Interest expense related to the 2030 Notes was as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Contractual interest expense $ 38,750 $ 38,750 $ 38,642 Amortization of debt issuance costs 1,371 1,316 1,261 Total interest expense $ 40,121 $ 40,066 $ 39,903
Schedule of Maturities of 2023 Notes	Future interest and principal payments related to the 2030 Notes, as of December 31, 2024, were as follows (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2025 $ 38,750 2026 38,750 2027 38,750 2028 38,750 2029 38,750 Thereafter 1,019,370 Total future interest and principal payments related to the 2030 Notes $ 1,213,120

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Purchase Obligations	Non-cancellable contractual purchase obligations, primarily consisting of contracts associated with data center and software vendors, were as follows as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2025 $ 233,121 2026 89,981 2027 2,458 2028 312 2029 77 Thereafter — Total non-cancellable contractual purchase obligations $ 325,949

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Schedule of Common Stock Shares Available for Future Issuance	The Company had reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Stock options outstanding 27,458 40,159 51,591 RSUs outstanding 35,012 39,846 30,322 PSUs outstanding (1) 2,304 905 415 CEO Long-Term Performance Award (1)(2) — 11,500 11,500 2020 Equity Incentive Plan 91,642 66,114 59,945 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan 20,855 16,075 11,093 Stock warrants outstanding 264 264 264 RSAs outstanding 32 149 500 Total 177,567 175,012 165,630 (1) Represents the shares of common stock reserved for future issuance at the maximum achievement levels. (2) On March 1, 2024, the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee (i) approved the cancellation of the CEO Long-Term Performance Award, which was previously granted to the CEO under the 2017 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan and (ii) granted Mr. Baszucki a new PSU award and RSU award. The PSUs and RSUs granted to Mr. Baszucki on March 1, 2024 are included in those respective rows above as of December 31, 2024. Refer to Note 11, “Stock-Based Compensation Expense”, to the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.

Stock-Based Compensation Expe_2

Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense	Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Infrastructure and trust & safety $ 113,708 $ 92,147 $ 56,197 Research and development 723,326 607,593 398,899 General and administrative 138,444 131,577 109,607 Sales and marketing 40,316 36,650 24,795 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 1,015,794 $ 867,967 $ 589,498
Schedule of Summarizes the Company's Stock Option Activity	The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity (in thousands, except per option data and remaining contractual term): Options Outstanding Number of Weighted- Weighted-Average Remaining Aggregate Intrinsic Value Balances as of December 31, 2021 63,267 $ 2.82 6.97 $ 6,348,395 Granted — — Cancelled, forfeited, and expired (2,061) $ 4.06 Exercised (9,615) $ 2.37 Balances as of December 31, 2022 51,591 $ 2.85 6.00 $ 1,321,183 Granted — — Cancelled, forfeited, and expired (762) $ 4.60 Exercised (10,670) $ 2.23 Balances as of December 31, 2023 40,159 $ 2.98 5.16 $ 1,716,171 Granted — — Cancelled, forfeited, and expired (203) $ 4.80 Exercised (12,498) $ 2.75 Balances as of December 31, 2024 27,458 $ 3.08 4.24 $ 1,504,261 Exercisable as of December 31, 2024 27,278 $ 3.06 4.23 $ 1,494,815 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2024 27,458 $ 3.08 4.24 $ 1,504,261
Schedule of Company's Restricted Stock Units and Unregistered Restricted Stock Awards Activity	The following table summarizes the Company’s RSU and RSA activity (in thousands, except per share data): RSUs RSAs Number of Weighted- Number of Weighted- Unvested as of December 31, 2021 14,684 $ 68.03 468 $ 57.37 Granted 25,540 $ 41.09 298 $ 46.00 Vested and released (8,169) $ 57.65 (266) $ 53.67 Cancelled (1,733) $ 57.58 — — Unvested as of December 31, 2022 30,322 $ 48.73 500 $ 52.55 Granted 27,377 $ 37.59 — — Vested and released (14,812) $ 45.97 (351) $ 55.31 Cancelled (3,041) $ 46.79 — — Unvested as of December 31, 2023 39,846 $ 42.25 149 $ 46.00 Granted 22,604 $ 40.54 — — Vested and released (21,170) $ 42.83 (92) $ 46.00 Cancelled (6,268) $ 40.68 (25) $ 46.00 Unvested as of December 31, 2024 35,012 $ 41.07 32 $ 46.00
Schedule of Measured Based on an Average of Our Stock Price	The following table summarizes the various Company Stock Price Hurdles and associated RSUs that would have been eligible to vest over each performance period (in thousands, except Company Stock Price Hurdles): Company Stock Price Hurdle Number of RSUs Eligible to Vest Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date 1 $ 165.00 750 2 years 2 $ 200.00 750 3 years 3 $ 235.00 2,000 4 years 4 $ 270.00 2,000 5 years 5 $ 305.00 2,000 5 years 6 $ 340.00 2,000 5 years 7 $ 375.00 2,000 5 years
Schedule of Valuation Assumptions	The following table presents the assumptions used in estimating the grant date fair value of purchase rights granted under the 2020 ESPP for the offerings made in the respective years including reset and rollover: Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Risk-free interest rate 3.91% - 5.34% 4.78% - 5.61% 0.71% - 3.35% Expected volatility 44.43% - 76.08% 47.92% - 75.99% 54.16% - 81.51% Dividend yield —% —% —% Expected terms (in years) 0.50 - 2.00 0.49 - 2.00 0.50 - 2.01

Accumulated Other Comprehensi_2

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Equity [Abstract]
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	The following table shows a summary of changes in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) by component for the periods presented (in thousands): Foreign Currency Translation Unrealized Gains/(Losses) on Available-For-Sale Debt Securities Total Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 671 $ — $ 671 Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax, before reclassifications 771 (1,845) (1,074) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax — 1,939 1,939 Change in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax 771 94 865 Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 1,442 $ 94 $ 1,536 Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax, before reclassifications (3,609) (3,130) (6,739) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax — 1,308 1,308 Change in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (3,609) (1,822) (5,431) Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ (2,167) $ (1,728) $ (3,895)

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Income (Loss) before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign	The components of loss before income taxes were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Domestic $ (935,487) $ (1,151,493) $ (916,592) Foreign (1,013) (6,990) (13,997) Loss before income taxes $ (936,500) $ (1,158,483) $ (930,589)
Schedule of Provision for (benefit from) Income Taxes	The components of the provision for/(benefit from) income taxes were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Current provision: Federal $ — $ (144) $ 144 State 2,007 (561) 2,405 Foreign 2,691 1,255 1,582 Total current provision 4,698 550 4,131 Deferred provision: Federal — — (474) State — — (105) Foreign (584) (96) — Total deferred provision (584) (96) (579) Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes $ 4,114 $ 454 $ 3,552
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation	The provision for/(benefit from) income taxes differs from the amount estimated by applying the statutory income/(loss) before taxes as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Federal tax at statutory rate 21 % 21 % 21 % State tax at statutory rate, net of federal benefit 2 2 2 Research and development credits 9 6 2 Change in valuation allowance (35) (27) (21) Stock-based compensation 3 (3) (4) Other 0 1 0 Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes 0 % 0 % 0 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities	The following table presents the components of the Company’s deferred tax assets/(liabilities) for the periods presented (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Deferred tax assets: Accrued expenses $ 17,730 $ 14,231 $ 13,593 Intangible assets 2,050 — — Deferred revenue 285,033 246,144 198,130 Net operating loss carryforwards 599,380 599,804 490,309 Tax credit carryforwards 234,868 155,246 85,527 Stock-based compensation 31,089 29,083 28,238 Operating lease liabilities 186,229 176,007 130,688 Capitalized research and development 605,278 366,898 178,488 Other 5,650 2,914 1,988 Total gross deferred tax asset 1,967,307 1,590,327 1,126,961 Less: valuation allowance (1,551,700) (1,222,211) (907,226) Net deferred tax assets 415,607 368,116 219,735 Deferred tax liabilities: Fixed assets (40,178) (28,645) (92,009) Intangible assets — (2,735) (6,694) Operating lease right-of-use assets (155,121) (154,334) (121,032) Deferred cost of revenue (219,859) (182,495) — Total deferred tax liabilities (415,158) (368,209) (219,735) Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities) $ 449 $ (93) $ —
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward	A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year $ 172,389 $ 96,372 $ 72,919 Increases related to current year tax positions 89,881 59,917 25,458 Increases related to prior year tax positions 61 16,100 865 Decreases related to prior year tax positions (1,176) — (2,870) Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year $ 261,155 $ 172,389 $ 96,372

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Pe_2

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Calculation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share	The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Basic and diluted net loss per share Numerator Consolidated net loss $ (940,614) $ (1,158,937) $ (934,141) Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest (5,230) (6,991) (9,775) Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (935,384) $ (1,151,946) $ (924,366) Denominator Weighted-average common shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, based and diluted 647,482 616,445 595,559 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ (1.44) $ (1.87) $ (1.55)
Schedule of Antidilutive Securities	The potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have been anti-dilutive are as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Stock options outstanding 27,458 40,159 51,591 RSUs outstanding 35,012 39,846 30,322 2020 ESPP 1,634 3,347 2,311 2023 PSUs Awards based on performance target achievement at period-end (1) 373 9 — Stock warrants outstanding 264 264 264 RSAs outstanding 32 149 500 Total 64,773 83,774 84,988 (1) Represents the actual or hypothetical number of shares earned under the Company’s 2023 PSU Awards, based on actual performance as of the respective balance sheet date.

Reportable Segments (Tables)

Reportable Segments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Schedule of Represents Segment Revenue, Significant Segment Expenses, and Other Segment Items	The following represents segment information for the Company’s single operating segment, for the periods presented (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Revenue $ 3,601,979 $ 2,799,274 $ 2,225,052 Add (deduct): Cost of revenue (1) $ (801,162) $ (649,115) $ (547,658) Developer exchange fees (922,821) (740,752) (623,855) Adjusted infrastructure expenses (2) (465,782) (458,753) (423,654) Adjusted trust & safety expenses (2) (254,300) (239,711) (157,412) Personnel costs, excluding stock-based compensation expense and excluding infrastructure and trust & safety personnel costs (729,424) (691,899) (526,491) Stock-based compensation expense, excluding infrastructure and trust & safety stock-based compensation expense (902,086) (775,820) (533,301) Depreciation and amortization expense (226,437) (208,142) (130,083) Other segment items (3) (374,814) (294,676) (212,126) Interest income 179,531 141,818 38,842 Interest expense (41,184) (40,707) (39,903) (Provision for)/benefit from income taxes (4,114) (454) (3,552) Consolidated net loss $ (940,614) $ (1,158,937) $ (934,141) (1) Depreciation of servers and infrastructure equipment included in infrastructure and trust & safety expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. (2) Adjusted infrastructure and adjusted trust & safety expenses exclude depreciation and amortization expense. (3) Other segment items primarily include expenses for facilities, professional services, advertising and promotions, non-capitalized software and equipment, and other income/(expense), net.

Overview and Summary of Signi_4

Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)		3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2023 robux	Jan. 31, 2022 robux	Jan. 30, 2022 robux
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Average lifetime of a paying user			28 months	25 months		28 months		23 months
Increase in revenue					$ 98,000,000
Cost of revenue	[1]				801,162,000	$ 649,115,000	$ 547,658,000
Revenue					3,601,979,000	2,799,274,000	2,225,052,000
Restricted cash					$ 0	0
Payment remittance term (within)					30 days
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)					2 years 2 months 12 days
Developer exchange program, minimum virtual currency earned requirement | robux									30,000	50,000	100,000
Advertising cost					$ 45,400,000	38,300,000	36,200,000
Operating lease, renewal term (up to)					5 years
Net foreign exchange gains (losses)					$ (14,100,000)	$ (2,000,000)	$ (5,100,000)
Employee | NQDC Plan
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Maximum percentage of salary					90%
Maximum granted, percentage					100%
Maximum percentage of cash bonus compensation					65%
Non-Employee Director Member | NQDC Plan
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Maximum percentage of salary					100%
RSUs
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Vesting period					4 years
One Distribution Channel | Accounts Receivable | Customer Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue					29%	30%
One Distribution Channel | Revenue Benchmark | Customer Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue					30%	30%	32%
Second Distribution Channel | Accounts Receivable | Customer Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue					26%	26%
Second Distribution Channel | Revenue Benchmark | Customer Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue					16%	17%	18%
Minimum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Average lifetime of a paying user		28 months
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)					5 years
Maximum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Average lifetime of a paying user		27 months
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)					10 years
Operating lease term					12 years
Service Life
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Cost of revenue					$ 20,400,000		$ (79,300,000)
Revenue							$ (344,900,000)
[1] Depreciation of servers and infrastructure equipment included in infrastructure and trust & safety.

Overview and Summary of Signi_5

Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Property Plant and Equipment, Useful Life (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024
Servers and related equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	5 years
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	2 years
Minimum | Computer hardware and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	2 years
Maximum | Computer hardware and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	5 years

Revenue from Contracts with C_3

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Geography (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 3,601,979	$ 2,799,274	$ 2,225,052
Revenue Benchmark | Geographic Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 3,601,979	$ 2,799,274	$ 2,225,052
Percentage of Revenue	100%	100%	100%
Revenue Benchmark | United States and Canada | Geographic Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 2,281,319	$ 1,803,812	$ 1,465,955
Percentage of Revenue	63%	64%	66%
Revenue Benchmark | Europe | Geographic Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 659,593	$ 505,633	$ 404,431
Percentage of Revenue	18%	18%	18%
Revenue Benchmark | Asia-Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand | Geographic Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 379,027	$ 286,930	$ 204,261
Percentage of Revenue	11%	10%	8%
Revenue Benchmark | Rest of world | Geographic Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 282,040	$ 202,899	$ 150,405
Percentage of Revenue	8%	7%	7%
Revenue Benchmark | United States | Geographic Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	59%	60%	62%

Revenue from Contracts with C_4

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenue—current portion	$ 3,004,969	$ 2,406,292
Deferred revenue, revenue recognized	$ 89,000
Revenue Benchmark | Durable Virtual Items | Product Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue	91%	91%	90%
Revenue Benchmark | Consumable Virtual Items | Product Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue	9%	9%	10%

Leases - Additional Information

Leases - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Asset impairment charges		$ 7,000
Operating lease, impairment loss		4,800
Impairment, property and equipment, net		2,200
Sublease income		$ 8,400	$ 3,300
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease term		12 years
Data Center Agreement
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Write-off of right-of-use assets	$ 70,300
Write-off of operating lease liabilities	$ 70,300
Operating Lease, Lease Not Yet Commenced
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, lease not yet commenced, liability to be paid		$ 20,900
Operating Lease, Lease Not Yet Commenced | Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease term		5 years
Operating Lease, Lease Not Yet Commenced | Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease term		6 years

Leases - Schedule of Lease Expe

Leases - Schedule of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 174,174	$ 139,482	$ 90,933
Variable and short-term lease expense	53,627	31,655	11,586
Net operating lease expense	$ 227,801	$ 171,137	$ 102,519

Leases - Schedule of Non-cancel

Leases - Schedule of Non-cancelable Operating Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2025	$ 144,431
2026	153,386
2027	132,737
2028	115,569
2029	105,194
Thereafter	377,010
Total lease payments	1,028,327
Less: imputed interest	(229,419)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 798,908

Leases - Schedule of Supplement

Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	7 years 6 months	7 years 10 months 24 days
Weighted average discount rate	6.30%	6.30%
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$ 158,381	$ 105,337	$ 70,515
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining new right-of-use assets (noncash)	120,822	256,500	373,844
Leasehold incentives received	$ 31,500	$ 16,600	$ 1,800

Leases - Schedule of Future Sub

Leases - Schedule of Future Sublease Payments Due (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2025	$ 9,713
2026	10,530
2027	5,434
Thereafter	0
Total sublease income	$ 25,677

Cash Equivalents and Investme_3

Cash Equivalents and Investments - Schedule of Cash Equivalents and Short and Long-Term Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 3,943,335	$ 3,187,097
Gross Unrealized Gains	4,170	4,100
Gross Unrealized Losses	(5,898)	(4,006)
Fair Value	3,943,785	3,187,922
Cash Equivalents	635,708	629,715
Short-Term Investments	1,697,862	1,514,808
Long-Term Investments	1,610,215	1,043,399
Debt Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	3,943,335	3,187,097
Gross Unrealized Gains	4,170	4,100
Gross Unrealized Losses	(5,898)	(4,006)
Fair Value	3,941,607	3,187,191
Cash Equivalents	635,708	629,715
Short-Term Investments	1,695,684	1,514,077
Long-Term Investments	1,610,215	1,043,399
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Debt Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	2,775,448	2,307,588
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,886	2,007
Gross Unrealized Losses	(4,446)	(2,547)
Fair Value	2,772,888	2,307,048
Cash Equivalents	615,890	614,888
Short-Term Investments	1,402,694	1,155,218
Long-Term Investments	754,304	536,942
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Equity Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Fair Value	2,178	731
Cash Equivalents	0	0
Short-Term Investments	2,178	731
Long-Term Investments	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Debt Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	1,167,887	879,509
Gross Unrealized Gains	2,284	2,093
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,452)	(1,459)
Fair Value	1,168,719	880,143
Cash Equivalents	19,818	14,827
Short-Term Investments	292,990	358,859
Long-Term Investments	855,911	506,457
Money market funds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Debt Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	615,890	614,888
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	0
Fair Value	615,890	614,888
Cash Equivalents	615,890	614,888
Short-Term Investments	0	0
Long-Term Investments	0	0
U.S. Treasury securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Debt Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	2,159,558	1,692,700
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,886	2,007
Gross Unrealized Losses	(4,446)	(2,547)
Fair Value	2,156,998	1,692,160
Cash Equivalents	0	0
Short-Term Investments	1,402,694	1,155,218
Long-Term Investments	754,304	536,942
U.S. agency securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Debt Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	293,423	286,007
Gross Unrealized Gains	82	27
Gross Unrealized Losses	(211)	(197)
Fair Value	293,294	285,837
Cash Equivalents	0	0
Short-Term Investments	1	137,151
Long-Term Investments	293,293	148,686
Commercial paper | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Debt Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	280,243	184,465
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1)	0
Fair Value	280,242	184,465
Cash Equivalents	19,818	14,827
Short-Term Investments	260,424	169,638
Long-Term Investments	0	0
Corporate debt securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Debt Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	594,221	409,037
Gross Unrealized Gains	2,202	2,066
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,240)	(1,262)
Fair Value	595,183	409,841
Cash Equivalents	0	0
Short-Term Investments	32,565	52,070
Long-Term Investments	$ 562,618	357,771
Mutual funds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Equity Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Fair Value		731
Cash Equivalents		0
Short-Term Investments		731
Long-Term Investments		$ 0

Cash Equivalents and Investme_4

Cash Equivalents and Investments - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Short-term debt investments contractual maturities period	1 year
Minimum
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Long-term debt investments contractual maturities period	1 year
Maximum
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Long-term debt investments contractual maturities period	5 years

Cash Equivalents and Investme_5

Cash Equivalents and Investments - Schedule of Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 1,008,158	$ 917,186
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Losses	(5,879)	(4,006)
12 Months or Greater, Fair Value	28,932	0
12 Months or Greater, Unrealized Losses	(19)	0
Total, Fair Value	1,037,090	917,186
Total, Unrealized Losses	(5,898)	(4,006)
U.S. Treasury securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	638,363	486,424
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Losses	(4,434)	(2,547)
12 Months or Greater, Fair Value	25,891	0
12 Months or Greater, Unrealized Losses	(12)	0
Total, Fair Value	664,254	486,424
Total, Unrealized Losses	(4,446)	(2,547)
U.S. agency securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	102,229	182,475
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Losses	(211)	(197)
12 Months or Greater, Fair Value	0	0
12 Months or Greater, Unrealized Losses	0	0
Total, Fair Value	102,229	182,475
Total, Unrealized Losses	(211)	(197)
Commercial paper
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	10,937
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Losses	(1)
12 Months or Greater, Fair Value	0
12 Months or Greater, Unrealized Losses	0
Total, Fair Value	10,937
Total, Unrealized Losses	(1)
Corporate debt securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	256,629	248,287
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Losses	(1,233)	(1,262)
12 Months or Greater, Fair Value	3,041	0
12 Months or Greater, Unrealized Losses	(7)	0
Total, Fair Value	259,670	248,287
Total, Unrealized Losses	$ (1,240)	$ (1,262)

Acquisitions - Additional Infor

Acquisitions - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	Sep. 18, 2023	Oct. 11, 2022	Apr. 01, 2022
Speechly, Inc.
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination total consideration transferred value	$ 10,100
Payment of cash to acquire business	4,800
Cash holdback	$ 5,300
Byfron Technologies
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination total consideration transferred value		$ 9,603
Payment of cash to acquire business		7,603
Cash holdback		$ 2,000
Holdback period		18 months
Founder service arrangement, amount		$ 9,600
Business combination consideration service period		3 years
Business combination research and development expense acquire, period of recognition		3 years
Hamul, Inc.
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination total consideration transferred value			$ 19,323
Payment of cash to acquire business			9,185
Business combination fair value of equity issued or issuable			4,000
Business combination unrecognized share based combination acquiree			$ 7,600
Business combination unrecognized share based combination acquiree period of recognition			3 years
Hamul, Inc. | Common Class A
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination equity issued (in shares)			0.4

Acquisitions - Schedule of Fair

Acquisitions - Schedule of Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 18, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Oct. 11, 2022	Apr. 01, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)	2 years 2 months 12 days
Goodwill	$ 141,688	$ 142,129		$ 134,335
Speechly, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents			$ 970
Other current assets acquired			$ 111
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)			5 years
Developed technology, useful life of five years			$ 2,800
Goodwill			7,536
Other current liabilities assumed			(1,117)
Other long-term liabilities assumed			(182)
Total purchase price			$ 10,118
Byfron Technologies
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents					$ 380
Other current assets acquired					169
Goodwill					3,882
Identified intangible assets					5,500
Other current liabilities assumed					(328)
Total purchase price					$ 9,603
Hamul, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents						$ 3,020
Goodwill						12,382
Identified intangible assets						4,500
Deferred tax liabilities						(579)
Total purchase price						$ 19,323

Acquisitions - Schedule of Aggr

Acquisitions - Schedule of Aggregate Purchase Consideration (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 11, 2022	Apr. 01, 2022
Byfron Technologies
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid	$ 7,603
Cash holdback	2,000
Total purchase price	$ 9,603
Hamul, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid		$ 9,185
Common stock issued		4,009
Replacement awards attributable to pre-acquisition service		6,129
Total purchase price		$ 19,323

Acquisitions - Schedule of Acqu

Acquisitions - Schedule of Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 11, 2022	Apr. 01, 2022
Byfron Technologies
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Identified intangible assets	$ 5,500
Byfron Technologies | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Identified intangible assets	$ 5,500
Estimated Useful Life (Years)	5 years
Hamul, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Identified intangible assets		$ 4,500
Hamul, Inc. | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Identified intangible assets		$ 4,500
Estimated Useful Life (Years)		5 years

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_2

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 142,129	$ 134,335
Additions from acquisitions		7,536
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(441)	258
Ending balance	$ 141,688	$ 142,129

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_3

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 99,991	$ 100,155
Accumulated Amortization	(66,581)	(47,668)
Total remaining amortization expense	33,410	52,487
Developed technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	75,291	75,455
Accumulated Amortization	(54,348)	(39,411)
Total remaining amortization expense	20,943	36,044
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	14,200	14,200
Accumulated Amortization	(2,150)	(650)
Total remaining amortization expense	12,050	13,550
Assembled workforce
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	10,000	10,000
Accumulated Amortization	(9,750)	(7,374)
Total remaining amortization expense	250	2,626
Trade name
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	500	500
Accumulated Amortization	(333)	(233)
Total remaining amortization expense	$ 167	$ 267

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_4

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	$ 0.7	$ 0.6
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)	2 years 2 months 12 days
Amortization expense	$ 18.9	$ 19.3	$ 16.4
Developed technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)	1 year 4 months 24 days
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)	8 years 2 months 12 days
Assembled workforce
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)	1 month 6 days
Trade name
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible asset, useful life (up to)	1 year 8 months 12 days

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_5

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Expected Future Amortization Expenses Related To The Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2025	$ 15,694
2026	6,660
2027	3,096
2028	1,910
2029	1,500
Thereafter	4,550
Total remaining amortization expense	$ 33,410	$ 52,487

Other Balance Sheet Component_2

Other Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Balance Sheet Components [Abstract]
Prepaid expenses	$ 47,919	$ 48,555
Accrued interest receivable	19,690	14,697
Other current assets	7,806	11,297
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$ 75,415	$ 74,549

Other Balance Sheet Component_3

Other Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 1,247,029	$ 1,138,069
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization expense	(587,440)	(442,709)
Property and equipment—net	659,589	695,360
Servers and related equipment and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	898,598	914,989
Computer hardware and software licenses
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	55,002	43,732
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	2,121	520
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	245,150	101,785
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 46,158	$ 77,043

Other Balance Sheet Component_4

Other Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Long-lived Assets by Geographic Areas (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment—net	$ 659,589	$ 695,360
United States
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment—net	615,665	646,572
Rest of world
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment—net	$ 43,924	$ 48,788

Other Balance Sheet Component_5

Other Balance Sheet Components - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation expense		$ 207,500	$ 188,900	$ 113,700
Service Life | Computer Hardware And Software Licenses
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation expense	$ 17,900

Other Balance Sheet Component_6

Other Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Balance Sheet Components [Abstract]
Accrued operating expenses and liabilities	$ 49,478	$ 51,921
Short-term operating lease liabilities	$ 128,857	$ 111,293
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued interest on the 2030 Notes	$ 6,458	$ 6,458
Taxes payable	54,609	59,632
Accrued compensation and other employee related liabilities	28,147	32,125
Other current liabilities	8,205	9,692
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 275,754	$ 271,121

Debt - Additional Information (

Debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Oct. 29, 2021	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Long-term Debt
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Financial liabilities, fair value disclosure		$ 901.5	$ 891.8
2030 Notes | Unsecured Debt
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt instrument, aggregated principal amount	$ 1,000
Interest rate	3.875%
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs	$ 987.5
Debt issuance costs	$ 12.5
Effective interest rate		4.05%
2030 Notes | Unsecured Debt | Redemption Period, at Any Time Prior to November 1, 2024
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Percentage of principal amount of debt redeemed (up to)	40%
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	103.875%
Debt instrument, redemption terms, threshold percentage of principal amount outstanding	50%
Debt instrument, redemption terms, period	180 days
2030 Notes | Unsecured Debt | Redemption Period, at Any Time Prior to November 1, 2024
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	100%
2030 Notes | Unsecured Debt | Redemption Period, in Connection with Tender Offer
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption terms, percentage of outstanding debt hold by lender (no less than)	90%
Debt Instrument, redemption terms, period following purchase date (not more than)	30 days
2030 Notes | Unsecured Debt | Redemption Period, in Connection with Tender Offer | Minimum
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, redemption terms, prior notice period	10 days
2030 Notes | Unsecured Debt | Redemption Period, in Connection with Tender Offer | Maximum
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, redemption terms, prior notice period	60 days
2030 Notes | Unsecured Debt | Redemption Period, Certain Circumstances Involving Change of Control Event
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	101%

Debt - Schedule of Debt Instrum

Debt - Schedule of Debt Instrument Redemption (Details) - 2030 Notes - Unsecured Debt	Oct. 29, 2021
2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	101.938%
2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	100.969%
2026 and thereafter
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	100%

Debt - Schedule of Long-term De

Debt - Schedule of Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total future interest and principal payments related to the 2030 Notes	$ 1,213,120
Unsecured Debt | 2030 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	1,000,000	$ 1,000,000
Unamortized issuance costs	(8,329)	(9,700)
Total future interest and principal payments related to the 2030 Notes	$ 991,671	$ 990,300

Debt - Schedule of Interest Exp

Debt - Schedule of Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total interest expense	$ 41,184	$ 40,707	$ 39,903
2030 Notes | Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense	38,750	38,750	38,642
Amortization of debt issuance costs	1,371	1,316	1,261
Total interest expense	$ 40,121	$ 40,066	$ 39,903

Debt - Schedule of Maturities o

Debt - Schedule of Maturities of 2023 Notes (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2025	$ 38,750
2026	38,750
2027	38,750
2028	38,750
2029	38,750
Thereafter	1,019,370
Total future interest and principal payments related to the 2030 Notes	$ 1,213,120

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Purchase Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2025	$ 233,121
2026	89,981
2027	2,458
2028	312
2029	77
Thereafter	0
Total non-cancellable contractual purchase obligations	$ 325,949

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Letters of credit outstanding, amount	$ 8.3	$ 11.6

Stockholders' Equity - Addition

Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details) shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Common stock, conversion ratio	1
Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Common Class A
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	4,935,000	4,935,000
Common stock, number of votes allocated to each share | vote	1
Common Class B
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	65,000	65,000
Common stock, number of votes allocated to each share | vote	20
Maximum percentage of stock outstanding of a particular class before which shares of another class are converted into this class	30%
Term of conversion, threshold percentage of common stock outstanding	67%
Common Class B | David Baszucki Founder
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Class B common stock converted into Class A common stock (in shares)	1,800	1,300

Stockholders' Equity - Schedule

Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Future Issuance (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	177,567	175,012	165,630
Stock options outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	27,458	40,159	51,591
RSUs
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	35,012	39,846	30,322
Performance Shares | 2022 Performance Stock Units
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	2,304	905	415
Performance Shares | CEO Long Term Performance Award
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	0	11,500	11,500
2020 Equity Incentive Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	91,642	66,114	59,945
2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	20,855	16,075	11,093
Stock warrants outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	264	264	264
RSAs outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	32	149	500

Stock-Based Compensation Expe_3

Stock-Based Compensation Expense - Additional Information (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands

1 Months Ended

3 Months Ended

6 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

29 Months Ended

Aug. 01, 2024

Mar. 01, 2024 USD ($) measure installment shares

Feb. 28, 2021 USD ($) tranche $ / shares shares

Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares

Jun. 30, 2023 measure

Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) tranche period $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2020 shares

Dec. 31, 2017 shares

Dec. 31, 2004

Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) tranche period $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2021 $ / shares

Feb. 01, 2021 USD ($)

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares) | shares

177,567,000

175,012,000

165,630,000

177,567,000

Share-based compensation arrangement options, exercises in period, intrinsic value

$ 530,000

$ 373,400

$ 423,300

Share-based compensation, options vested in period, fair value

23,500

51,900

64,100

Share based payment arrangement, unvested award options, cost not yet recognized, amount

2,600

$ 2,600

Stock-based compensation expense (benefit)

1,015,794

867,967

589,498

Research and development

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock-based compensation expense (benefit)

723,326

607,593

398,899

Holders of Ten Percent or More of The Voting Equity Capital | Common Class A

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares) | shares

60,000,000

2020 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock options to be granted price as a percentage of fair value

110%

Percentage of voting stock eligible for options

10%

2020 Equity Incentive Plan | Common Class A

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance, annual increase (in shares) | shares

75,000,000

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance, annual increase, percent

5%

2020 Equity Incentive Plan | Holders of Ten Percent or More of The Voting Equity Capital

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement contractual term of stock options

5 years

2020 ESPP

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock-based compensation expense (benefit)

$ 18,500

$ 32,000

$ 25,700

2020 ESPP | Common Class A

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock options to be granted price as a percentage of fair value

85%

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares) | shares

6,000,000

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance, annual increase (in shares) | shares

15,000,000

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance, annual increase, percent

1%

Offering period, employee stock purchase plan

24 months

Number of purchase periods | period

4

4

Purchase period, employee stock purchase plan

6 months

2024 CEO PSUs And RSUs

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock-based compensation expense (benefit)

$ 84,400

Share-based payment arrangement, nonvested award, cost not yet recognized, amount

$ 38,700

$ 38,700

Share-based payment arrangement, nonvested award, cost not yet recognized, percentage

0.75

Stock options outstanding

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares) | shares

27,458,000

40,159,000

51,591,000

27,458,000

Share based payment arrangement, unvested award, period for recognition

1 year

Stock options outstanding | 2020 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Percentage of voting stock eligible for options

10%

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement number of shares available for issuance (in shares) | shares

0

Stock options outstanding | 2020 Equity Incentive Plan | Holders of Ten Percent or More of The Voting Equity Capital

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement contractual term of stock options

5 years

5 years

RSUs

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares) | shares

35,012,000

39,846,000

30,322,000

35,012,000

Unrecognized compensation, equity instruments other than options

$ 1,339,200

$ 1,339,200

Share based payment arrangement, unvested award, period for recognition

1 year 10 months 24 days

Service period

4 years

3 years

Grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 41.07

$ 42.25

$ 48.73

$ 41.07

$ 68.03

Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 40.54

$ 37.59

$ 41.09

Granted (in shares) | shares

22,604,000

27,377,000

25,540,000

RSUs | CEO Long Term Performance Award

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based payment arrangement, nonvested award, cost not yet recognized, amount

$ 84,400

RSUs | CEO Long Term Performance Award | Founder CEO

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Unrecognized compensation, equity instruments other than options

$ 232,200

Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares

11,500,000

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, number of tranches | tranche

7

Number of consecutive trading days for the stock hurdle price to be achieved

90 days

Grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 20.19

RSUs | CEO Long Term Performance Award | Founder CEO

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, beginning of award performance period, period after effective date

2 years

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, number of tranches | tranche

7

7

RSAs

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Unrecognized compensation, equity instruments other than options

$ 0

$ 0

Grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 46

$ 46

$ 52.55

$ 46

$ 57.37

Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 0

$ 0

$ 46

Granted (in shares) | shares

0

0

298,000

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2022 PSU Grants

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock-based compensation expense (benefit)

$ (300)

$ 3,200

$ 3,000

PSU target number of shares (in shares) | shares

207,284

Performance stock units, performance period

3 years

Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 43.13

Estimated total share-based payment expense

$ 6,000

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2023 PSU Grants

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based payment arrangement, unvested award options, cost not yet recognized, amount

4,000

$ 4,000

Stock-based compensation expense (benefit)

$ 6,700

6,400

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, equity instruments other than options, number of performance measures | measure

2

Shares earned (in shares) | shares

373,029

PSU target number of shares (in shares) | shares

213,502

213,502

Performance stock units, performance period

2 years

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, target number of shares, performance measures of cumulative, percentage

80%

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, target number of shares, adjusted EBITDA, percentage

20%

Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 45.70

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2023 PSU Grants | Tranche One

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, award vesting rights, percentage

50%

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2023 PSU Grants | Tranche Two

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, award vesting rights, percentage

50%

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | CEO Long Term Performance Award

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock-based compensation expense (benefit)

$ 48,900

$ 48,900

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2024 CEO PSUs And RSUs

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock-based compensation expense (benefit)

$ 32,600

Service period

3 years

Share-based payment arrangement, nonvested award, cost not yet recognized, percentage

0.25

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, equity instruments other than options, number of performance measures | measure

2

PSU target number of shares (in shares) | shares

446,534

Performance stock units, performance period

2 years

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, target number of shares, performance measures of cumulative, percentage

80%

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, target number of shares, adjusted EBITDA, percentage

20%

Granted (in shares) | shares

148,844

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2024 CEO PSUs And RSUs | Tranche One

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, award vesting rights, percentage

67%

Number of installments | installment

4

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2024 Executive PSU Awards

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based payment arrangement, unvested award options, cost not yet recognized, amount

17,800

$ 17,800

Stock-based compensation expense (benefit)

$ 11,300

PSU target number of shares (in shares) | shares

353,241

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, target number of shares, performance measures of cumulative, percentage

80%

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, target number of shares, adjusted EBITDA, percentage

20%

Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 41.32

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2023 PSU Awards | Michael Guthrie

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, award vesting rights, percentage

50%

Minimum | 2020 Equity Incentive Plan | Holders of Ten Percent or More of The Voting Equity Capital

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock options to be granted price as a percentage of fair value

100%

Minimum | Stock options outstanding | 2020 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock options to be granted price as a percentage of fair value

85%

Percentage of voting stock eligible for options

10%

Minimum | Stock options outstanding | 2020 Equity Incentive Plan | Holders of Ten Percent or More of The Voting Equity Capital

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock options to be granted price as a percentage of fair value

110%

110%

Minimum | RSUs | CEO Long Term Performance Award | Founder CEO

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based payment arrangement, unvested award, period for recognition

3 years 5 months 12 days

Minimum | Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2022 PSU Grants

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Percentage of shares earned of the target number of shares

0%

Minimum | Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2023 PSU Grants

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Percentage of shares earned of the target number of shares

0%

Minimum | Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2024 CEO PSUs And RSUs

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Percentage of shares earned of the target number of shares

0%

Maximum | 2020 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement contractual term of stock options

10 years

Maximum | Stock options outstanding | 2020 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement contractual term of stock options

10 years

10 years

Maximum | RSUs | CEO Long Term Performance Award | Founder CEO

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share based payment arrangement, unvested award, period for recognition

5 years 4 months 17 days

Maximum | Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2022 PSU Grants

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Percentage of shares earned of the target number of shares

200%

Maximum | Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2023 PSU Grants

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Percentage of shares earned of the target number of shares

200%

Maximum | Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2024 CEO PSUs And RSUs

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Percentage of shares earned of the target number of shares

200%

Stock-Based Compensation Expe_4

Stock-Based Compensation Expense - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 1,015,794	$ 867,967	$ 589,498
Infrastructure and trust & safety
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	113,708	92,147	56,197
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	723,326	607,593	398,899
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	138,444	131,577	109,607
Sales and marketing
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 40,316	$ 36,650	$ 24,795

Stock-Based Compensation Expe_5

Stock-Based Compensation Expense - Schedule of the Company's Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Number of Shares Subject to Options
Beginning balance (in shares)	40,159	51,591	63,267
Granted (in shares)	0	0	0
Cancelled, forfeited, and expired (in shares)	(203)	(762)	(2,061)
Exercised (in shares)	(12,498)	(10,670)	(9,615)
Ending balance (in shares)	27,458	40,159	51,591	63,267
Exercisable (in shares)	27,278
Vested and expected to vest (in shares)	27,458
Weighted- Average Exercise Price (per Option)
Beginning balance, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.98	$ 2.85	$ 2.82
Granted, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	0	0	0
Cancelled, forfeited, and expired, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	4.80	4.60	4.06
Exercised, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	2.75	2.23	2.37
Ending balance, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	3.08	$ 2.98	$ 2.85	$ 2.82
Exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	3.06
Vested and expected to vest, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.08
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	4 years 2 months 26 days	5 years 1 month 28 days	6 years	6 years 11 months 19 days
Exercisable, remaining contractual term	4 years 2 months 23 days
Vested and expected to vest, remaining contractual term	4 years 2 months 26 days
Aggregate intrinsic value	$ 1,504,261	$ 1,716,171	$ 1,321,183	$ 6,348,395
Exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value	1,494,815
Vested and expected to vest, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 1,504,261

Stock-Based Compensation Expe_6

Stock-Based Compensation Expense - Schedule of Company's Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards Activity (Details) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
RSUs
Number of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	39,846	30,322	14,684
Granted (in shares)	22,604	27,377	25,540
Vested and released (in shares)	(21,170)	(14,812)	(8,169)
Cancelled (in shares)	(6,268)	(3,041)	(1,733)
Ending balance (in shares)	35,012	39,846	30,322
Weighted- Average Grant Date Value per Share
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 42.25	$ 48.73	$ 68.03
Granted (in dollars per share)	40.54	37.59	41.09
Vested and released (in dollars per share)	42.83	45.97	57.65
Cancelled (in dollars per share)	40.68	46.79	57.58
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 41.07	$ 42.25	$ 48.73
RSAs
Number of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	149	500	468
Granted (in shares)	0	0	298
Vested and released (in shares)	(92)	(351)	(266)
Cancelled (in shares)	(25)	0	0
Ending balance (in shares)	32	149	500
Weighted- Average Grant Date Value per Share
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 46	$ 52.55	$ 57.37
Granted (in dollars per share)	0	0	46
Vested and released (in dollars per share)	46	55.31	53.67
Cancelled (in dollars per share)	46	0	0
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 46	$ 46	$ 52.55

Stock-Based Compensation Expe_7

Stock-Based Compensation Expense - Schedule of Measured Based on an Average of Our Stock Price (Details) shares in Thousands	1 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2021 $ / shares shares
Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company Stock Price Hurdle (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 165
Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares	750
Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date	2 years
Tranche Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company Stock Price Hurdle (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 200
Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares	750
Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date	3 years
Tranche Three
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company Stock Price Hurdle (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 235
Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares	2,000
Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date	4 years
Tranche Four
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company Stock Price Hurdle (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 270
Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares	2,000
Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date	5 years
Tranche Five
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company Stock Price Hurdle (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 305
Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares	2,000
Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date	5 years
Tranche Six
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company Stock Price Hurdle (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 340
Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares	2,000
Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date	5 years
Tranche Seven
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company Stock Price Hurdle (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 375
Number of RSUs eligible to vest (in shares) | shares	2,000
Performance Period Commencement Dates as Measured from the Effective Date	5 years

Stock-Based Compensation Expe_8

Stock-Based Compensation Expense - Schedule of Valuation of ESPP Program (Details) - 2020 ESPP	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk free interest rate, minimum	3.91%	4.78%	0.71%
Risk free interest rate, maximum	5.34%	5.61%	3.35%
Expected volatility rate, minimum	44.43%	47.92%	54.16%
Expected volatility rate, maximum	76.08%	75.99%	81.51%
Dividend yield	0%	0%	0%
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected terms (in years)	6 months	5 months 26 days	6 months
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected terms (in years)	2 years	2 years	2 years 3 days

Accumulated Other Comprehensi_3

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance beginning	$ 68,626	$ 305,035	$ 592,923
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(5,329)	1,183	1,287
Balance ending	208,654	68,626	305,035
Total
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance beginning	1,536	671	62
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax, before reclassifications	(6,739)	(1,074)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	1,308	1,939
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(5,431)	865	609
Balance ending	(3,895)	1,536	671
Foreign Currency Translation
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance beginning	1,442	671
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax, before reclassifications	(3,609)	771
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	0	0
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(3,609)	771
Balance ending	(2,167)	1,442	671
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) on Available-For-Sale Debt Securities
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance beginning	94	0
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax, before reclassifications	(3,130)	(1,845)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	1,308	1,939
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(1,822)	94
Balance ending	$ (1,728)	$ 94	$ 0

Employee Benefits - Additional

Employee Benefits - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, deferral limit percent	50%	50%
Defined contribution plan, employer contribution amount	$ 28	$ 24.9	$ 14.6
First Three Percent Contribution
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of match	100%	100%	100%
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of employees' gross pay			3%
Next Two Percent Contribution
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of match			50%
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of employees' gross pay			2%

Joint Venture - Additional Info

Joint Venture - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 10, 2023	Feb. 28, 2019	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
6.0% Notes Due 2026
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Interest expense, debt			$ 900,000	$ 500,000
6.0% Notes Due 2026 | Unsecured Debt
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Interest rate	6%
Songhua River Investment Limited | 6.0% Notes Due 2026
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs	$ 14,700,000
Roblox China Holding Corp
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment ownership percentage		51%
Roblox China Holding Corp | 6.0% Notes Due 2026
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs	15,300,000
Roblox China Holding Corp | 6.0% Notes Due 2026 | Unsecured Debt
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Debt instrument, aggregated principal amount	$ 30,000,000
Debt instrument, term of maturity date extension	2 years
Roblox China Holding Corp | Songhua River Investment Limited
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Minority interest percentage in joint venture		49%
Roblox China Holding Corp | Songhua River Investment Limited
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Contribution by non controlling interest to the joint venture		$ 50,000,000

Income Taxes - Schedule of Inco

Income Taxes - Schedule of Income (Loss) before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Domestic	$ (935,487)	$ (1,151,493)	$ (916,592)
Foreign	(1,013)	(6,990)	(13,997)
Loss before income taxes	$ (936,500)	$ (1,158,483)	$ (930,589)

Income Taxes - Schedule of Comp

Income Taxes - Schedule of Components of Income Tax Provision (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current provision:
Federal	$ 0	$ (144)	$ 144
State	2,007	(561)	2,405
Foreign	2,691	1,255	1,582
Total current provision	4,698	550	4,131
Deferred provision:
Federal	0	0	(474)
State	0	0	(105)
Foreign	(584)	(96)	0
Total deferred provision	(584)	(96)	(579)
Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes	$ 4,114	$ 454	$ 3,552

Income Taxes - Schedule of Effe

Income Taxes - Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal tax at statutory rate	21%	21%	21%
State tax at statutory rate, net of federal benefit	2%	2%	2%
Research and development credits	9%	6%	2%
Change in valuation allowance	(35.00%)	(27.00%)	(21.00%)
Stock-based compensation	3%	(3.00%)	(4.00%)
Other	0%	1%	0%
Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes	0%	0%	0%

Income Taxes - Schedule of Defe

Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses	$ 17,730	$ 14,231	$ 13,593
Intangible assets	2,050	0	0
Deferred revenue	285,033	246,144	198,130
Net operating loss carryforwards	599,380	599,804	490,309
Tax credit carryforwards	234,868	155,246	85,527
Stock-based compensation	31,089	29,083	28,238
Operating lease liabilities	186,229	176,007	130,688
Capitalized research and development	605,278	366,898	178,488
Other	5,650	2,914	1,988
Total gross deferred tax asset	1,967,307	1,590,327	1,126,961
Less: valuation allowance	(1,551,700)	(1,222,211)	(907,226)
Net deferred tax assets	415,607	368,116	219,735
Deferred tax liabilities:
Fixed assets	(40,178)	(28,645)	(92,009)
Intangible assets	0	(2,735)	(6,694)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(155,121)	(154,334)	(121,032)
Deferred cost of revenue	(219,859)	(182,495)	0
Total deferred tax liabilities	(415,158)	(368,209)	(219,735)
Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities)	$ 449		$ 0
Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities)		$ (93)

Income Taxes - Additional Infor

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Valuation allowance, period increase (decrease)	$ 329,500,000	$ 315,000,000	$ 195,900,000
Unrecognized tax benefits	261,155,000	172,389,000	96,372,000	$ 72,919,000
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate	3,100,000
Significant change in unrecognized tax benefits is reasonably possible, amount of unrecorded benefit	0
Unrecognized tax benefits, income tax penalties and interest accrued	700,000	$ 400,000	$ 200,000
Domestic Tax Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	10,700,000
Domestic Tax Jurisdiction | Federal
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	2,382,300,000
Domestic Tax Jurisdiction | Federal | Research Tax Credit Carryforward
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Research and development tax credit	304,700,000
State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	1,433,700,000
State and Local Jurisdiction | Federal | Research Tax Credit Carryforward
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Research and development tax credit	210,000,000
Foreign Tax Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 64,800,000

Income Taxes - Schedule of Unre

Income Taxes - Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Roll Forward]
Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year	$ 172,389	$ 96,372	$ 72,919
Increases related to current year tax positions	89,881	59,917	25,458
Increases related to prior year tax positions	61	16,100	865
Decreases related to prior year tax positions	(1,176)	0	(2,870)
Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year	$ 261,155	$ 172,389	$ 96,372

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Pe_3

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share - Schedule of Calculation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Numerator
Consolidated net loss	$ (940,614)	$ (1,158,937)	$ (934,141)
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(5,230)	(6,991)	(9,775)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (935,384)	$ (1,151,946)	$ (924,366)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in shares)	647,482	616,445	595,559
Weighted-average common shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	647,482	616,445	595,559
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (1.44)	$ (1.87)	$ (1.55)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1.44)	$ (1.87)	$ (1.55)

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Pe_4

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share - Schedule of Antidilutive Securities (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in share)	64,773	83,774	84,988
Stock options outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in share)	27,458	40,159	51,591
RSUs outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in share)	35,012	39,846	30,322
2020 ESPP
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in share)	1,634	3,347	2,311
2023 PSUs Awards based on performance target achievement at period-end
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in share)	373	9	0
Stock warrants outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in share)	264	264	264
RSAs outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in share)	32	149	500

Reportable Segments - Schedule

Reportable Segments - Schedule of Represents Segment Revenue, Significant Segment Expenses, and Other Segment Items (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Revenue		$ 3,601,979	$ 2,799,274	$ 2,225,052
Cost of revenue	[1]	(801,162)	(649,115)	(547,658)
Developer exchange fees		(922,821)	(740,752)	(623,855)
Adjusted infrastructure expenses		(465,782)	(458,753)	(423,654)
Adjusted trust & safety expenses		(254,300)	(239,711)	(157,412)
Personnel costs, excluding stock-based compensation expense and excluding infrastructure and trust & safety personnel costs		(729,424)	(691,899)	(526,491)
Stock-based compensation expense, excluding infrastructure and trust & safety stock-based compensation expense		(902,086)	(775,820)	(533,301)
Depreciation and amortization expense		(226,437)	(208,142)	(130,083)
Other segment items		(374,814)	(294,676)	(212,126)
Interest income		179,531	141,818	38,842
Interest expense		(41,184)	(40,707)	(39,903)
(Provision for)/benefit from income taxes		(4,114)	(454)	(3,552)
Consolidated net loss		$ (940,614)	$ (1,158,937)	$ (934,141)
[1] Depreciation of servers and infrastructure equipment included in infrastructure and trust & safety.