LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES As of March 31, 2019 , the Company had $1.30 billion in loans receivable outstanding. Outstanding balances include a total net reduction of $96,000 and $105,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, for unearned income, net deferred loan fees, and unamortized discounts and premiums. We did not have loans held for sale at March 31, 2019 and had $419,000 loans available for sale at December 31, 2018. The portfolios of loans receivable at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, consist of the following: March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Amount Amount (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ 35,089 $ 34,640 Construction 145,054 139,877 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 141,046 135,617 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 339,848 321,580 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 564,238 545,391 Residential – Multifamily 59,506 49,628 Consumer 13,916 14,424 Total Loans $ 1,298,697 $ 1,241,157 An age analysis of past due loans by class at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is as follows: March 31, 2019 30-59 60-89 Greater Total Past Current Total Loans > 90 Days and Accruing (Dollars in Thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ — $ — $ 13 $ 13 $ 35,076 $ 35,089 $ — Construction — — 1,365 1,365 143,689 145,054 — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 2,996 — — 2,996 138,050 141,046 — Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 1,936 — — 1,936 337,912 339,848 — Residential – 1 to 4 Family — — 2,062 2,062 562,176 564,238 — Residential – Multifamily — — — — 59,506 59,506 — Consumer — — — — 13,916 13,916 — Total Loans $ 4,932 $ — $ 3,440 $ 8,372 $ 1,290,325 $ 1,298,697 $ — December 31, 2018 30-59 60-89 Greater Total Past Current Total Loans > 90 Days and Accruing (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ — $ — $ 14 $ 14 $ 34,626 $ 34,640 $ — Construction — — 1,365 1,365 138,512 139,877 — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied — — — — 135,617 135,617 — Commercial – Non-owner Occupied — — — — 321,580 321,580 — Residential – 1 to 4 Family 81 154 1,686 1,921 543,470 545,391 — Residential – Multifamily — — — — 49,628 49,628 — Consumer 62 — — 62 14,362 14,424 — Total Loans $ 143 $ 154 $ 3,065 $ 3,362 $ 1,237,795 $ 1,241,157 $ — Allowance For Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL) We maintain the ALLL at a level that we believe to be appropriate to absorb estimated probable credit losses incurred in the loan portfolios as of the balance sheet date. We established our allowance in accordance with guidance provided in Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") - Contingencies (ASC 450) and Receivables (ASC 310). The allowance for loan and lease losses represents management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the Company’s lending activities excluding loans accounted for under fair value. The allowance for loan losses is maintained through charges to the provision for loan losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income as losses are estimated to have occurred. Loans or portions thereof that are determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The Company performs periodic reviews of its loan and lease portfolios to identify credit risks and to assess the overall collectability of those portfolios. The Company's allowance for loan losses includes a formula-based component and an asset-specific component. The asset-specific component of the allowance relates to loans considered to be impaired, which includes performing troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) as well as nonperforming loans. To determine the asset-specific component of the allowance, the loans are evaluated individually based on the borrower's ability to repay amounts owed, collateral, relative risk grade of the loans, and other factors given current events and conditions. The Company generally measures the asset-specific allowance as the difference between the fair value (net realizable value) and the recorded investment of a loan. The formula-based component of the allowance evaluates the impairments of pools of the loan and lease portfolio collectively. It incorporates a historical valuation allowance and general valuation allowance. The historical loss experience is measured by type of credit and internal risk grade, loss severity, specific homogeneous risk pools. A historical loss ratio and valuation allowance are established for each pool of similar loans and updated periodically based on actual charge-off experience and current events. The general valuation allowance is based on general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both internal and external to the Company. It is generally determined by evaluating, among other things: (i) the experience, ability and effectiveness of the Bank's lending management and staff; (ii) the effectiveness of the Bank's loan policies, procedures and internal controls; (iii) changes in asset quality; (iv) changes in loan portfolio volume; (v) the composition and concentrations of credit; (vi) the impact of competition on loan structuring and pricing; (vii) the effectiveness of the internal loan review function; (viii) the impact of environmental risks on portfolio risks; (ix) the impact of rising interest rates on portfolio risk; and (x) national and local economic trends and conditions, and industry conditions. Management evaluates the degree of risk that each one of these components has on the quality of the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis. Each component is determined to have either a high, high-moderate, moderate, low-moderate or low degree of risk. The results are then input into a "general allocation matrix" to determine an appropriate general valuation allowance. The process of determining the level of the allowance for loan and lease losses requires a high degree of estimate and judgment. It is reasonably possible that actual outcomes may differ from our estimates. The following tables present the information regarding the allowance for loan and lease losses and associated loan data: Real Estate Mortgage Commercial and Industrial Construction Commercial Owner Occupied Commercial Non-owner Occupied Residential 1 to 4 Family Residential Multifamily Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses (Dollars in thousands) Three months ended March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 $ 718 $ 1,694 $ 2,062 $ 5,853 $ 7,917 $ 621 $ 210 19,075 Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Recoveries 6 — 6 21 2 — — 35 Provisions (36 ) 102 (184 ) 524 179 122 (7 ) 700 Ending Balance at March 31, 2019 $ 688 $ 1,796 $ 1,884 $ 6,398 $ 8,098 $ 743 $ 203 $ 19,810 Allowance for loan losses Individually evaluated for impairment $ 13 $ 80 $ 34 $ 190 $ 294 $ — $ — $ 611 Collectively evaluated for impairment 675 1,716 1,850 6,208 7,804 743 203 19,199 Ending Balance at March 31, 2019 $ 688 $ 1,796 $ 1,884 $ 6,398 $ 8,098 $ 743 $ 203 $ 19,810 Loans Individually evaluated for impairment $ 13 $ 5,470 $ 2,338 $ 11,167 $ 2,884 $ — $ — $ 21,872 Collectively evaluated for impairment 35,076 139,584 138,708 328,681 561,354 59,506 13,916 1,276,825 Ending Balance at March 31, 2019 $ 35,089 $ 145,054 $ 141,046 $ 339,848 $ 564,238 $ 59,506 $ 13,916 $ 1,298,697 Real Estate Mortgage Commercial and Industrial Construction Commercial Owner Occupied Commercial Non-owner Occupied Residential 1 to 4 Family Residential Multifamily Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses (Dollars in thousands) Three months ended March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 $ 684 $ 2,068 $ 2,017 $ 4,630 $ 6,277 $ 627 $ 230 16,533 Charge-offs — — — — — — (17 ) (17 ) Recoveries 20 — 136 5 4 — — 165 Provisions (149 ) 159 (162 ) 146 363 21 22 400 Ending Balance at March 31, 2018 $ 555 $ 2,227 $ 1,991 $ 4,781 $ 6,644 $ 648 $ 235 $ 17,081 Allowance for loan losses Individually evaluated for impairment $ 16 $ 132 $ 55 $ 248 $ 15 $ — $ — $ 466 Collectively evaluated for impairment 539 2,095 1,936 4,533 6,629 648 235 16,615 Ending Balance at March 31, 2018 $ 555 $ 2,227 $ 1,991 $ 4,781 $ 6,644 $ 648 $ 235 $ 17,081 Loans Individually evaluated for impairment $ 16 $ 5,897 $ 3,699 $ 12,004 $ 3,189 $ — $ — $ 24,805 Collectively evaluated for impairment 30,184 96,459 124,079 261,285 439,616 49,612 15,900 1,017,135 Ending Balance at March 31, 2018 $ 30,200 $ 102,356 $ 127,778 $ 273,289 $ 442,805 $ 49,612 $ 15,900 $ 1,041,940 Impaired Loans A loan is considered impaired when, based on the current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the payments of principal and interest as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management's opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when a loan is 90 days past due, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection, as required by regulatory provisions. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. All our impaired loans are assessed for recoverability based on an independent third-party full appraisal to determine the net realizable value (“NRV”) based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, less cost to sell and other costs or the present value of discounted cash flows in the case of certain impaired loans that are not collateral dependent. The following tables provide further detail on impaired loans and the associated ALLL at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : March 31, 2019 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Commercial and Industrial $ — $ — $ — Construction — — — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied — — — Commercial – Non-owner Occupied — — — Residential – 1 to 4 Family 1,507 1,507 — Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer — — — 1,507 1,507 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial and Industrial 13 19 13 Construction 5,470 9,960 80 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 2,338 2,338 34 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 11,167 11,167 190 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 1,377 1,377 294 Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer — — — 20,365 24,861 611 Total: Commercial and Industrial 13 19 13 Construction 5,470 9,960 80 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 2,338 2,338 34 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 11,167 11,167 190 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 2,884 2,884 294 Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer — — — $ 21,872 $ 26,368 $ 611 December 31, 2018 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Commercial and Industrial $ — $ — $ — Construction — — — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied — — — Commercial – Non-owner Occupied — — — Residential – 1 to 4 Family 1,131 1,131 — Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer — — — 1,131 1,131 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial and Industrial 14 19 14 Construction 5,589 10,080 69 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 2,441 2,441 36 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 11,299 11,299 192 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 1,383 1,383 299 Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer — — — 20,726 25,222 610 Total: Commercial and Industrial 14 19 14 Construction 5,589 10,080 69 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 2,441 2,441 36 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 11,299 11,299 192 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 2,514 2,514 299 Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer — — — $ 21,857 $ 26,353 $ 610 The following table presents by loan portfolio class, the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 : Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ 14 $ — $ 21 $ — Construction 5,530 45 10,512 48 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 2,390 43 3,774 48 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 11,233 152 12,081 148 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 2,699 10 3,241 14 Residential – Multifamily — — — — Consumer — — — — Total $ 21,866 $ 250 $ 29,629 $ 258 Troubled debt restructuring (TDRs) We did not have any nonperforming TDR loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. We reported performing TDR loans (not reported as non-accrual loans) of $18.4 million and $ 18.8 million , respectively, at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . There were no new loans modified as a TDR and no additional commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified in TDRs for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018 , respectively. A TDR is a loan the terms of which have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. TDRs result from our loss mitigation activities that include rate reductions, extension of maturity, or a combination of both, which are intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. TDRs are classified as impaired loans and are included in the impaired loan disclosures. TDRs are also evaluated to determine whether they should be placed on non-accrual status. Once a loan becomes a TDR, it will continue to be reported as a TDR until it is repaid in full, foreclosed, sold or it meets the criteria to be removed from TDR status. At the time a loan is modified in a TDR, we consider the following factors to determine whether the loan should accrue interest: • Whether there is a period of current payment history under the current terms, typically 6 months; • Whether the loan is current at the time of restructuring; and • Whether we expect the loan to continue to perform under the restructured terms with a debt coverage ratio that complies with the Bank’s credit underwriting policy of 1.25 times debt service. TDRs are generally included in nonaccrual loans and may return to performing status after a minimum of six consecutive monthly payments under restructured terms and also meeting other performance indicators. We review the financial performance of the borrower over the past year to be reasonably assured of repayment and performance according to the modified terms. This review consists of an analysis of the borrower’s historical results; the borrower’s projected results over the next four quarters; and current financial information of the borrower and any guarantors. The projected repayment source needs to be reliable, verifiable, quantifiable and sustainable. At the time of restructuring, the amount of the loan principal for which we are not reasonably assured of repayment is charged-off, but not forgiven. All TDRs are also reviewed quarterly to determine the amount of any impairment. The nature and extent of impairment of TDRs, including those that have experienced a subsequent default, is considered in the determination of an appropriate level of allowance for loan losses. For the TDR loans, we had specific reserves of $300,000 and $306,000 in the allowance at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. Some loan modifications classified as TDRs may not ultimately result in the full collection of principal and interest, as modified, and result in potential incremental losses. These potential incremental losses have been factored into our overall allowance for loan losses estimate. Credit Quality Indicators : As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company's loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to the risk grades of loans, the level of classified loans, net charge-offs, nonperforming loans (see details above) and the general economic conditions in the region. The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 7 . Grades 1 through 4 are considered “Pass”. A description of the general characteristics of the seven risk grades is as follows: 1. Good : Borrower exhibits the strongest overall financial condition and represents the most creditworthy profile. 2. Satisfactory (A) : Borrower reflects a well-balanced financial condition, demonstrates a high level of creditworthiness and typically will have a strong banking relationship with the Bank. 3. Satisfactory (B) : Borrower exhibits a balanced financial condition and does not expose the Bank to more than a normal or average overall amount of risk. Loans are considered fully collectable. 4. Watch List : Borrower reflects a fair financial condition, but there exists an overall greater than average risk. Risk is deemed acceptable by virtue of increased monitoring and control over borrowings. Probability of timely repayment is present. 5. Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM) : Financial condition is such that assets in this category have a potential weakness or pose unwarranted financial risk to the Bank even though the asset value is not currently impaired. The asset does not currently warrant adverse classification but if not corrected could weaken and could create future increased risk exposure. Includes loans that require an increased degree of monitoring or servicing as a result of internal or external changes. 6. Substandard : This classification represents more severe cases of #5 (OAEM) characteristics that require increased monitoring. Assets are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral. Asset has a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that impairs the ability to repay debt and jeopardizes the timely liquidation or realization of the collateral at the asset’s net book value. 7. Doubtful : Assets which have all the weaknesses inherent in those assets classified #6 (Substandard) but the risks are more severe relative to financial deterioration in capital and/or asset value; accounting/evaluation techniques may be questionable and the overall possibility for collection in full is highly improbable. Borrowers in this category require constant monitoring, are considered work-out loans and present the potential for future loss to the Bank. An analysis of the credit risk profile by internally assigned grades as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is as follows: At March 31, 2019 Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ 35,076 $ — $ 13 $ — $ 35,089 Construction 133,114 4,249 7,691 — 145,054 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 141,046 — — — 141,046 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 339,715 — 133 — 339,848 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 561,344 714 2,180 — 564,238 Residential – Multifamily 59,506 — — — 59,506 Consumer 13,916 — — — 13,916 Total $ 1,283,717 $ 4,963 $ 10,017 $ — $ 1,298,697 At December 31, 2018 Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ 34,626 $ — $ 14 $ — $ 34,640 Construction 127,523 4,503 7,851 — 139,877 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 135,617 — — — 135,617 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 321,446 — 134 — 321,580 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 542,865 719 1,807 — 545,391 Residential – Multifamily 49,628 — — — 49,628 Consumer 14,424 — — — 14,424 Total $ 1,226,129 $ 5,222 $ 9,806 $ — $ 1,241,157 |