LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | 90 Days and Accruing (Dollars in Thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 29,407 $ 29,407 $ — Construction — — 1,139 1,139 192,972 194,111 — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied — — 988 988 129,118 130,106 — Commercial – Non-owner Occupied — — 14,553 14,553 332,990 347,543 — Residential – 1 to 4 Family 85 — 163 248 892,740 892,988 — Residential – Multifamily — — — — 78,162 78,162 — Consumer — — 70 70 6,970 7,040 — Total Loans $ 85 $ — $ 16,913 $ 16,998 $ 1,662,359 $ 1,679,357 $ — December 31, 2021 30-59 60-89 Greater Total Past Current Total Loans > 90 Days and Accruing (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ — $ 349 $ 224 $ 573 $ 56,578 $ 57,151 $ — Construction — — 1,139 1,139 152,938 154,077 — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied — — 2,170 2,170 121,502 123,672 — Commercial – Non-owner Occupied — — 242 242 306,244 306,486 — Residential – 1 to 4 Family 81 — 533 614 749,911 750,525 — Residential – Multifamily — — — — 84,964 84,964 — Consumer — — — — 7,972 7,972 — Total Loans $ 81 $ 349 $ 4,308 $ 4,738 $ 1,480,109 $ 1,484,847 $ — Allowance For Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL) We maintain the ALLL at a level that we believe to be appropriate to absorb estimated probable credit losses incurred in the loan portfolios as of the balance sheet date. We established our allowance in accordance with guidance provided in Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") - Contingencies ("ASC 450") and Receivables ("ASC 310"). The allowance for loan and lease losses represents management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the Company’s lending activities excluding loans accounted for under fair value. The allowance for loan losses is maintained through charges to the provision for loan losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income as losses are estimated to have occurred. Loans or portions thereof that are determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The Company performs periodic reviews of its loan and lease portfolios to identify credit risks and to assess the overall collectability of those portfolios. The Company's allowance for loan losses includes a general component and an asset-specific component. The asset-specific component of the allowance relates to loans considered to be impaired, which includes performing troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) as well as nonperforming loans. To determine the asset-specific component of the allowance, the loans are evaluated individually based on the borrower's ability to repay amounts owed, collateral, relative risk grade of the loans, and other factors given current events and conditions. The Company generally measures the asset-specific allowance as the difference between the net realizable value of loan collateral or present value of expected cash flow and the recorded investment of a loan. The general component of the allowance evaluates the impairments of pools of the loan portfolio collectively. It incorporates a historical valuation allowance and general valuation allowance. The historical loss experience is measured by type of credit and internal risk grade, loss severity, specific homogeneous risk pools. A historical loss ratio and valuation allowance are established for each pool of similar loans and updated periodically based on actual charge-off experience and current events. The general valuation allowance is based on general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both internal and external to the Company. It is generally determined by evaluating, among other things: (i) the experience, ability and effectiveness of the Bank's lending management and staff; (ii) the effectiveness of the Bank's lending policies, procedures and internal controls;(iii) volume and severity of loan credit quality; (iv) nature and volume of portfolio and term of loans (v) the composition and concentrations of credit; (vi) the effectiveness of the internal loan review system; and (vii) national and local economic trends and conditions, and industry conditions. Management evaluates the degree of risk that each one of these components has on the quality of the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis. Each component is determined to have either a high, high-moderate, moderate, low-moderate or low degree of risk. The results are then input into a "general allocation matrix" to determine an appropriate general valuation allowance. The process of determining the level of the allowance for loan and lease losses requires a high degree of estimate and judgment. It is reasonably possible that actual outcomes may differ from our estimates. The following tables present the information regarding the allowance for loan and lease losses and associated loan data by portfolio segment: Real Estate Mortgage Commercial and Industrial Construction Commercial Owner Occupied Commercial Non-owner Occupied Residential 1 to 4 Family Residential Multifamily Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses (Dollars in thousands) Three months ended September 30, 2022 June 30, 2022 $ 551 $ 2,202 $ 2,742 $ 7,549 $ 16,211 $ 1,098 $ 95 $ 30,448 Charge-offs — — — — (66) — — (66) Recoveries 3 — 4 — — — — 7 Provisions (benefits) (137) 653 (140) 368 (221) 92 (15) 600 Ending Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 417 $ 2,855 $ 2,606 $ 7,917 $ 15,924 $ 1,190 $ 80 $ 30,989 Allowance for loan losses Nine months ended September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 $ 417 $ 2,662 $ 2,997 $ 7,476 $ 14,970 $ 1,215 $ 108 $ 29,845 Charge-offs — — — — (66) — — (66) Recoveries 12 100 15 — 133 — — 260 Provisions (benefits) (12) 93 (406) 441 887 (25) (28) 950 Ending Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 417 $ 2,855 $ 2,606 $ 7,917 $ 15,924 $ 1,190 $ 80 $ 30,989 Allowance for loan losses Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ 4 $ 125 $ 20 $ — $ — $ 149 Collectively evaluated for impairment 417 2,855 2,602 7,792 15,904 1,190 80 30,840 Ending Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 417 $ 2,855 $ 2,606 $ 7,917 $ 15,924 $ 1,190 $ 80 $ 30,989 Loans Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 1,139 $ 1,177 $ 19,655 $ 420 $ — $ 70 $ 22,461 Collectively evaluated for impairment 29,407 192,972 128,929 327,888 892,568 78,162 6,970 1,656,896 Ending Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 29,407 $ 194,111 $ 130,106 $ 347,543 $ 892,988 $ 78,162 $ 7,040 $ 1,679,357 The increase in the allowance for loan loss balance for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 in the residential 1 to 4 family and commercial non-owner occupied portfolio segments was primarily attributable to loan growth. The decrease in the allowance for loan loss balance in the commercial owner occupied portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was due to decreases in non-performing balances. Real Estate Mortgage Commercial and Industrial Construction Commercial Owner Occupied Commercial Non-owner Occupied Residential 1 to 4 Family Residential Multifamily Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses (Dollars in thousands) Three months ended September 30, 2021 June 30, 2021 $ 312 $ 3,483 $ 3,502 $ 8,514 $ 12,883 $ 1,250 $ 125 $ 30,069 Charge-offs — (226) — — (49) — — (275) Recoveries 2 — 38 4 — — — 44 Provisions (benefits) 95 (350) (105) (350) 878 (166) (2) — Ending Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 409 $ 2,907 $ 3,435 $ 8,168 $ 13,712 $ 1,084 $ 123 $ 29,838 Allowance for loan losses Nine months ended September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 $ 492 $ 3,359 $ 3,078 $ 8,398 $ 12,595 $ 1,639 $ 137 $ 29,698 Charge-offs — (226) (153) — (49) — — (428) Recoveries 15 — 49 4 — — — 68 Provisions (benefits) (98) (226) 461 (234) 1,166 (555) (14) 500 Ending Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 409 $ 2,907 $ 3,435 $ 8,168 $ 13,712 $ 1,084 $ 123 $ 29,838 Allowance for loan losses Individually evaluated for impairment $ 9 $ 300 $ 6 $ 235 $ 63 $ — $ — $ 613 Collectively evaluated for impairment 400 2,607 3,429 7,933 13,649 1,084 123 29,225 Ending Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 409 $ 2,907 $ 3,435 $ 8,168 $ 13,712 $ 1,084 $ 123 $ 29,838 Loans Individually evaluated for impairment $ 47 $ 1,139 $ 2,443 $ 5,625 $ 1,022 $ — $ 178 $ 10,454 Collectively evaluated for impairment 66,230 170,012 124,909 306,272 710,886 76,522 8,531 1,463,362 Ending Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 66,277 $ 171,151 $ 127,352 $ 311,897 $ 711,908 $ 76,522 $ 8,709 $ 1,473,816 The increase in the allowance for loan loss balance for the residential 1 to 4 family portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is mainly due to loan growth. The increase in the allowance for loan loss balance for the commercial owner occupied portfolio segment is mainly due to increase in the non-performing loan balance. The decrease in the allowance for loan loss balance for the residential multifamily portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is due to the decrease in loan balance. Impaired Loans A loan is considered impaired when, based on the current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the payments of principal and interest as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management's opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when a loan is 90 days past due, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection, as required by regulatory provisions. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. All our impaired loans are assessed for recoverability based on an independent third-party full appraisal to determine the net realizable value (“NRV”) based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, less cost to sell and other costs or the present value of discounted cash flows in the case of certain impaired loans that are not collateral dependent. The following tables provide further detail on impaired loans and the associated ALLL at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021: September 30, 2022 Recorded Unpaid Related (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Commercial and Industrial $ — $ — $ — Construction 1,139 5,856 — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 988 988 — Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 14,553 14,553 — Residential – 1 to 4 Family 163 163 — Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer 70 70 — 16,913 21,630 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial and Industrial — — — Construction — — — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 189 189 4 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 5,102 5,102 125 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 257 257 20 Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer — — — 5,548 5,548 149 Total: Commercial and Industrial — — — Construction 1,139 5,856 — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 1,177 1,177 4 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 19,655 19,655 125 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 420 420 20 Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer 70 70 — $ 22,461 $ 27,178 $ 149 December 31, 2021 Recorded Unpaid Related (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Commercial and Industrial $ 216 $ 216 $ — Construction — — — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 2,170 2,170 — Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 242 242 — Residential – 1 to 4 Family 465 599 — Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer — — — 3,093 3,227 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial and Industrial 8 16 8 Construction 1,139 5,856 300 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 199 199 5 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 5,335 5,335 218 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 528 528 60 Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer — — — 7,209 11,934 591 Total: Commercial and Industrial 224 232 8 Construction 1,139 5,856 300 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 2,369 2,369 5 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 5,577 5,577 218 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 993 1,127 60 Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer — — — $ 10,302 $ 15,161 $ 591 The following table presents by loan portfolio class, the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021: Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 Average Interest Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ 79 $ — $ 48 $ — Construction 1,139 — 1,290 — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 1,770 4 2,446 3 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 12,510 67 5,651 123 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 455 6 1,332 8 Residential – Multifamily — — — — Consumer 70 — 178 2 Total $ 16,023 $ 77 $ 10,945 $ 136 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 Average Interest Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ 143 $ — $ 51 $ — Construction 1,139 — 1,365 — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 2,069 29 2,449 6 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 8,991 580 5,673 135 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 573 14 1,496 26 Residential – Multifamily — — — — Consumer 35 1 178 4 Total $ 12,950 $ 624 $ 11,212 $ 171 Troubled debt restructuring (TDRs) We reported performing TDR loans (not reported as non-accrual loans) of $5.5 million and $6.0 million, respectively, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Nonperforming TDR loans were zero at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. There were no new loans modified as a TDR and no additional commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified in TDRs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021, respectively. A TDR is a loan the terms of which have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. TDRs result from our loss mitigation activities that include rate reductions, extension of maturity, or a combination of both, which are intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. TDRs are classified as impaired loans and are included in the impaired loan disclosures. TDRs are also evaluated to determine whether they should be placed on non-accrual status. Once a loan becomes a TDR, it will continue to be reported as a TDR until it is repaid in full, foreclosed, sold or it meets the criteria to be removed from TDR status. At the time a loan is modified in a TDR, we consider the following factors to determine whether the loan should accrue interest: • Whether there is a period of current payment history under the current terms, typically 6 months; • Whether the loan is current at the time of restructuring; and • Whether we expect the loan to continue to perform under the restructured terms with a debt coverage ratio that complies with the Bank’s credit underwriting policy of 1.25 times debt service. TDRs are generally included in nonaccrual loans and may return to performing status after a minimum of six consecutive monthly payments under restructured terms and also meeting other performance indicators. We review the financial performance of the borrower over the past year to be reasonably assured of repayment and performance according to the modified terms. This review consists of an analysis of the borrower’s historical results; the borrower’s projected results over the next four quarters; and current financial information of the borrower and any guarantors. The projected repayment source needs to be reliable, verifiable, quantifiable and sustainable. At the time of restructuring, the amount of the loan principal for which we are not reasonably assured of repayment is charged-off, but not forgiven. All TDRs are also reviewed quarterly to determine the amount of any impairment. The nature and extent of impairment of TDRs, including those that have experienced a subsequent default, is considered in the determination of an appropriate level of allowance for loan losses. For TDR loans, we had specific reserves of $149,000 and $254,000 in the allowance at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Some loan modifications classified as TDRs may not ultimately result in the full collection of principal and interest, as modified, and result in potential incremental losses. These potential incremental losses have been factored into our overall allowance for loan losses estimate. Credit Quality Indicators : As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company's loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to the risk grades of loans, the level of classified loans, net charge-offs, nonperforming loans (see details above) and the general economic conditions in the region. The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 7. Grades 1 through 4 are considered “Pass”. A description of the general characteristics of the seven risk grades is as follows: 1. Good : Borrower exhibits the strongest overall financial condition and represents the most creditworthy profile. 2. Satisfactory (A) : Borrower reflects a well-balanced financial condition, demonstrates a high level of creditworthiness and typically will have a strong banking relationship with the Bank. 3. Satisfactory (B) : Borrower exhibits a balanced financial condition and does not expose the Bank to more than a normal or average overall amount of risk. Loans are considered fully collectable. 4. Watch List : Borrower reflects a fair financial condition, but there exists an overall greater than average risk. Risk is deemed acceptable by virtue of increased monitoring and control over borrowings. Probability of timely repayment is present. 5. Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM) : Financial condition is such that assets in this category have a potential weakness or pose unwarranted financial risk to the Bank even though the asset value is not currently impaired. The asset does not currently warrant adverse classification but if not corrected could weaken and could create future increased risk exposure. Includes loans that require an increased degree of monitoring or servicing as a result of internal or external changes. 6. Substandard : This classification represents more severe cases of #5 (OAEM) characteristics that require increased monitoring. Assets are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral. Asset has a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that impairs the ability to repay debt and jeopardizes the timely liquidation or realization of the collateral at the asset’s net book value. 7. Doubtful : Assets which have all the weaknesses inherent in those assets classified #6 (Substandard) but the risks are more severe relative to financial deterioration in capital and/or asset value; accounting/evaluation techniques may be questionable and the overall possibility for collection in full is highly improbable. Borrowers in this category require constant monitoring, are considered work-out loans and present the potential for future loss to the Bank. An analysis of the credit risk profile by internally assigned grades as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows: At September 30, 2022 Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ 29,407 $ — $ — $ — $ 29,407 Construction 192,972 — 1,139 — 194,111 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 126,089 3,029 988 — 130,106 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 332,990 — 14,553 — 347,543 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 892,825 — 163 — 892,988 Residential – Multifamily 78,162 — — — 78,162 Consumer 6,970 — 70 — 7,040 Total $ 1,659,415 $ 3,029 $ 16,913 $ — $ 1,679,357 At December 31, 2021 Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ 56,927 $ — $ 224 $ — $ 57,151 Construction 152,938 — 1,139 — 154,077 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 118,473 3,029 2,170 — 123,672 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 291,864 14,380 242 — 306,486 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 749,904 — 621 — 750,525 Residential – Multifamily 84,964 — — — 84,964 Consumer 7,972 — — — 7,972 Total $ 1,463,042 $ 17,409 $ 4,396 $ — $ 1,484,847 " id="sjs-B4" xml:space="preserve">LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $1.68 billion and $1.48 billion, respectively, in loans receivable outstanding. Outstanding balances include a total net increase of $1.8 million and $1.7 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, for net deferred loan costs, and unamortized discounts. We had no loans held for sale at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Also, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, our commercial and industrial loan portfolio includes $2.9 million and $27.8 million, respectively, of loans to small businesses through the Paycheck Protection Program ("SBA PPP" loans), which is a loan designed by the Federal government to provide a direct incentive for small businesses to keep their workers on the payroll. The portfolio segments of loans receivable at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, consist of the following: September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Amount Amount (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ 29,407 $ 57,151 Construction 194,111 154,077 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 130,106 123,672 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 347,543 306,486 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 892,988 750,525 Residential – Multifamily 78,162 84,964 Consumer 7,040 7,972 Total Loans $ 1,679,357 $ 1,484,847 An age analysis of past due loans by class at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows: September 30, 2022 30-59 60-89 Greater Total Past Current Total Loans > 90 Days and Accruing (Dollars in Thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 29,407 $ 29,407 $ — Construction — — 1,139 1,139 192,972 194,111 — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied — — 988 988 129,118 130,106 — Commercial – Non-owner Occupied — — 14,553 14,553 332,990 347,543 — Residential – 1 to 4 Family 85 — 163 248 892,740 892,988 — Residential – Multifamily — — — — 78,162 78,162 — Consumer — — 70 70 6,970 7,040 — Total Loans $ 85 $ — $ 16,913 $ 16,998 $ 1,662,359 $ 1,679,357 $ — December 31, 2021 30-59 60-89 Greater Total Past Current Total Loans > 90 Days and Accruing (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ — $ 349 $ 224 $ 573 $ 56,578 $ 57,151 $ — Construction — — 1,139 1,139 152,938 154,077 — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied — — 2,170 2,170 121,502 123,672 — Commercial – Non-owner Occupied — — 242 242 306,244 306,486 — Residential – 1 to 4 Family 81 — 533 614 749,911 750,525 — Residential – Multifamily — — — — 84,964 84,964 — Consumer — — — — 7,972 7,972 — Total Loans $ 81 $ 349 $ 4,308 $ 4,738 $ 1,480,109 $ 1,484,847 $ — Allowance For Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL) We maintain the ALLL at a level that we believe to be appropriate to absorb estimated probable credit losses incurred in the loan portfolios as of the balance sheet date. We established our allowance in accordance with guidance provided in Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") - Contingencies ("ASC 450") and Receivables ("ASC 310"). The allowance for loan and lease losses represents management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the Company’s lending activities excluding loans accounted for under fair value. The allowance for loan losses is maintained through charges to the provision for loan losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income as losses are estimated to have occurred. Loans or portions thereof that are determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The Company performs periodic reviews of its loan and lease portfolios to identify credit risks and to assess the overall collectability of those portfolios. The Company's allowance for loan losses includes a general component and an asset-specific component. The asset-specific component of the allowance relates to loans considered to be impaired, which includes performing troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) as well as nonperforming loans. To determine the asset-specific component of the allowance, the loans are evaluated individually based on the borrower's ability to repay amounts owed, collateral, relative risk grade of the loans, and other factors given current events and conditions. The Company generally measures the asset-specific allowance as the difference between the net realizable value of loan collateral or present value of expected cash flow and the recorded investment of a loan. The general component of the allowance evaluates the impairments of pools of the loan portfolio collectively. It incorporates a historical valuation allowance and general valuation allowance. The historical loss experience is measured by type of credit and internal risk grade, loss severity, specific homogeneous risk pools. A historical loss ratio and valuation allowance are established for each pool of similar loans and updated periodically based on actual charge-off experience and current events. The general valuation allowance is based on general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both internal and external to the Company. It is generally determined by evaluating, among other things: (i) the experience, ability and effectiveness of the Bank's lending management and staff; (ii) the effectiveness of the Bank's lending policies, procedures and internal controls;(iii) volume and severity of loan credit quality; (iv) nature and volume of portfolio and term of loans (v) the composition and concentrations of credit; (vi) the effectiveness of the internal loan review system; and (vii) national and local economic trends and conditions, and industry conditions. Management evaluates the degree of risk that each one of these components has on the quality of the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis. Each component is determined to have either a high, high-moderate, moderate, low-moderate or low degree of risk. The results are then input into a "general allocation matrix" to determine an appropriate general valuation allowance. The process of determining the level of the allowance for loan and lease losses requires a high degree of estimate and judgment. It is reasonably possible that actual outcomes may differ from our estimates. The following tables present the information regarding the allowance for loan and lease losses and associated loan data by portfolio segment: Real Estate Mortgage Commercial and Industrial Construction Commercial Owner Occupied Commercial Non-owner Occupied Residential 1 to 4 Family Residential Multifamily Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses (Dollars in thousands) Three months ended September 30, 2022 June 30, 2022 $ 551 $ 2,202 $ 2,742 $ 7,549 $ 16,211 $ 1,098 $ 95 $ 30,448 Charge-offs — — — — (66) — — (66) Recoveries 3 — 4 — — — — 7 Provisions (benefits) (137) 653 (140) 368 (221) 92 (15) 600 Ending Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 417 $ 2,855 $ 2,606 $ 7,917 $ 15,924 $ 1,190 $ 80 $ 30,989 Allowance for loan losses Nine months ended September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 $ 417 $ 2,662 $ 2,997 $ 7,476 $ 14,970 $ 1,215 $ 108 $ 29,845 Charge-offs — — — — (66) — — (66) Recoveries 12 100 15 — 133 — — 260 Provisions (benefits) (12) 93 (406) 441 887 (25) (28) 950 Ending Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 417 $ 2,855 $ 2,606 $ 7,917 $ 15,924 $ 1,190 $ 80 $ 30,989 Allowance for loan losses Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ 4 $ 125 $ 20 $ — $ — $ 149 Collectively evaluated for impairment 417 2,855 2,602 7,792 15,904 1,190 80 30,840 Ending Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 417 $ 2,855 $ 2,606 $ 7,917 $ 15,924 $ 1,190 $ 80 $ 30,989 Loans Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 1,139 $ 1,177 $ 19,655 $ 420 $ — $ 70 $ 22,461 Collectively evaluated for impairment 29,407 192,972 128,929 327,888 892,568 78,162 6,970 1,656,896 Ending Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 29,407 $ 194,111 $ 130,106 $ 347,543 $ 892,988 $ 78,162 $ 7,040 $ 1,679,357 The increase in the allowance for loan loss balance for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 in the residential 1 to 4 family and commercial non-owner occupied portfolio segments was primarily attributable to loan growth. The decrease in the allowance for loan loss balance in the commercial owner occupied portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was due to decreases in non-performing balances. Real Estate Mortgage Commercial and Industrial Construction Commercial Owner Occupied Commercial Non-owner Occupied Residential 1 to 4 Family Residential Multifamily Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses (Dollars in thousands) Three months ended September 30, 2021 June 30, 2021 $ 312 $ 3,483 $ 3,502 $ 8,514 $ 12,883 $ 1,250 $ 125 $ 30,069 Charge-offs — (226) — — (49) — — (275) Recoveries 2 — 38 4 — — — 44 Provisions (benefits) 95 (350) (105) (350) 878 (166) (2) — Ending Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 409 $ 2,907 $ 3,435 $ 8,168 $ 13,712 $ 1,084 $ 123 $ 29,838 Allowance for loan losses Nine months ended September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 $ 492 $ 3,359 $ 3,078 $ 8,398 $ 12,595 $ 1,639 $ 137 $ 29,698 Charge-offs — (226) (153) — (49) — — (428) Recoveries 15 — 49 4 — — — 68 Provisions (benefits) (98) (226) 461 (234) 1,166 (555) (14) 500 Ending Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 409 $ 2,907 $ 3,435 $ 8,168 $ 13,712 $ 1,084 $ 123 $ 29,838 Allowance for loan losses Individually evaluated for impairment $ 9 $ 300 $ 6 $ 235 $ 63 $ — $ — $ 613 Collectively evaluated for impairment 400 2,607 3,429 7,933 13,649 1,084 123 29,225 Ending Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 409 $ 2,907 $ 3,435 $ 8,168 $ 13,712 $ 1,084 $ 123 $ 29,838 Loans Individually evaluated for impairment $ 47 $ 1,139 $ 2,443 $ 5,625 $ 1,022 $ — $ 178 $ 10,454 Collectively evaluated for impairment 66,230 170,012 124,909 306,272 710,886 76,522 8,531 1,463,362 Ending Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 66,277 $ 171,151 $ 127,352 $ 311,897 $ 711,908 $ 76,522 $ 8,709 $ 1,473,816 The increase in the allowance for loan loss balance for the residential 1 to 4 family portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is mainly due to loan growth. The increase in the allowance for loan loss balance for the commercial owner occupied portfolio segment is mainly due to increase in the non-performing loan balance. The decrease in the allowance for loan loss balance for the residential multifamily portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is due to the decrease in loan balance. Impaired Loans A loan is considered impaired when, based on the current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the payments of principal and interest as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management's opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when a loan is 90 days past due, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection, as required by regulatory provisions. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. All our impaired loans are assessed for recoverability based on an independent third-party full appraisal to determine the net realizable value (“NRV”) based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, less cost to sell and other costs or the present value of discounted cash flows in the case of certain impaired loans that are not collateral dependent. The following tables provide further detail on impaired loans and the associated ALLL at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021: September 30, 2022 Recorded Unpaid Related (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Commercial and Industrial $ — $ — $ — Construction 1,139 5,856 — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 988 988 — Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 14,553 14,553 — Residential – 1 to 4 Family 163 163 — Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer 70 70 — 16,913 21,630 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial and Industrial — — — Construction — — — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 189 189 4 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 5,102 5,102 125 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 257 257 20 Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer — — — 5,548 5,548 149 Total: Commercial and Industrial — — — Construction 1,139 5,856 — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 1,177 1,177 4 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 19,655 19,655 125 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 420 420 20 Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer 70 70 — $ 22,461 $ 27,178 $ 149 December 31, 2021 Recorded Unpaid Related (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Commercial and Industrial $ 216 $ 216 $ — Construction — — — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 2,170 2,170 — Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 242 242 — Residential – 1 to 4 Family 465 599 — Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer — — — 3,093 3,227 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial and Industrial 8 16 8 Construction 1,139 5,856 300 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 199 199 5 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 5,335 5,335 218 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 528 528 60 Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer — — — 7,209 11,934 591 Total: Commercial and Industrial 224 232 8 Construction 1,139 5,856 300 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 2,369 2,369 5 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 5,577 5,577 218 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 993 1,127 60 Residential – Multifamily — — — Consumer — — — $ 10,302 $ 15,161 $ 591 The following table presents by loan portfolio class, the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021: Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 Average Interest Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ 79 $ — $ 48 $ — Construction 1,139 — 1,290 — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 1,770 4 2,446 3 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 12,510 67 5,651 123 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 455 6 1,332 8 Residential – Multifamily — — — — Consumer 70 — 178 2 Total $ 16,023 $ 77 $ 10,945 $ 136 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 Average Interest Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ 143 $ — $ 51 $ — Construction 1,139 — 1,365 — Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 2,069 29 2,449 6 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 8,991 580 5,673 135 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 573 14 1,496 26 Residential – Multifamily — — — — Consumer 35 1 178 4 Total $ 12,950 $ 624 $ 11,212 $ 171 Troubled debt restructuring (TDRs) We reported performing TDR loans (not reported as non-accrual loans) of $5.5 million and $6.0 million, respectively, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Nonperforming TDR loans were zero at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. There were no new loans modified as a TDR and no additional commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified in TDRs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021, respectively. A TDR is a loan the terms of which have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. TDRs result from our loss mitigation activities that include rate reductions, extension of maturity, or a combination of both, which are intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. TDRs are classified as impaired loans and are included in the impaired loan disclosures. TDRs are also evaluated to determine whether they should be placed on non-accrual status. Once a loan becomes a TDR, it will continue to be reported as a TDR until it is repaid in full, foreclosed, sold or it meets the criteria to be removed from TDR status. At the time a loan is modified in a TDR, we consider the following factors to determine whether the loan should accrue interest: • Whether there is a period of current payment history under the current terms, typically 6 months; • Whether the loan is current at the time of restructuring; and • Whether we expect the loan to continue to perform under the restructured terms with a debt coverage ratio that complies with the Bank’s credit underwriting policy of 1.25 times debt service. TDRs are generally included in nonaccrual loans and may return to performing status after a minimum of six consecutive monthly payments under restructured terms and also meeting other performance indicators. We review the financial performance of the borrower over the past year to be reasonably assured of repayment and performance according to the modified terms. This review consists of an analysis of the borrower’s historical results; the borrower’s projected results over the next four quarters; and current financial information of the borrower and any guarantors. The projected repayment source needs to be reliable, verifiable, quantifiable and sustainable. At the time of restructuring, the amount of the loan principal for which we are not reasonably assured of repayment is charged-off, but not forgiven. All TDRs are also reviewed quarterly to determine the amount of any impairment. The nature and extent of impairment of TDRs, including those that have experienced a subsequent default, is considered in the determination of an appropriate level of allowance for loan losses. For TDR loans, we had specific reserves of $149,000 and $254,000 in the allowance at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Some loan modifications classified as TDRs may not ultimately result in the full collection of principal and interest, as modified, and result in potential incremental losses. These potential incremental losses have been factored into our overall allowance for loan losses estimate. Credit Quality Indicators : As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company's loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to the risk grades of loans, the level of classified loans, net charge-offs, nonperforming loans (see details above) and the general economic conditions in the region. The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 7. Grades 1 through 4 are considered “Pass”. A description of the general characteristics of the seven risk grades is as follows: 1. Good : Borrower exhibits the strongest overall financial condition and represents the most creditworthy profile. 2. Satisfactory (A) : Borrower reflects a well-balanced financial condition, demonstrates a high level of creditworthiness and typically will have a strong banking relationship with the Bank. 3. Satisfactory (B) : Borrower exhibits a balanced financial condition and does not expose the Bank to more than a normal or average overall amount of risk. Loans are considered fully collectable. 4. Watch List : Borrower reflects a fair financial condition, but there exists an overall greater than average risk. Risk is deemed acceptable by virtue of increased monitoring and control over borrowings. Probability of timely repayment is present. 5. Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM) : Financial condition is such that assets in this category have a potential weakness or pose unwarranted financial risk to the Bank even though the asset value is not currently impaired. The asset does not currently warrant adverse classification but if not corrected could weaken and could create future increased risk exposure. Includes loans that require an increased degree of monitoring or servicing as a result of internal or external changes. 6. Substandard : This classification represents more severe cases of #5 (OAEM) characteristics that require increased monitoring. Assets are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral. Asset has a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that impairs the ability to repay debt and jeopardizes the timely liquidation or realization of the collateral at the asset’s net book value. 7. Doubtful : Assets which have all the weaknesses inherent in those assets classified #6 (Substandard) but the risks are more severe relative to financial deterioration in capital and/or asset value; accounting/evaluation techniques may be questionable and the overall possibility for collection in full is highly improbable. Borrowers in this category require constant monitoring, are considered work-out loans and present the potential for future loss to the Bank. An analysis of the credit risk profile by internally assigned grades as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows: At September 30, 2022 Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ 29,407 $ — $ — $ — $ 29,407 Construction 192,972 — 1,139 — 194,111 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 126,089 3,029 988 — 130,106 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 332,990 — 14,553 — 347,543 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 892,825 — 163 — 892,988 Residential – Multifamily 78,162 — — — 78,162 Consumer 6,970 — 70 — 7,040 Total $ 1,659,415 $ 3,029 $ 16,913 $ — $ 1,679,357 At December 31, 2021 Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial $ 56,927 $ — $ 224 $ — $ 57,151 Construction 152,938 — 1,139 — 154,077 Real Estate Mortgage: Commercial – Owner Occupied 118,473 3,029 2,170 — 123,672 Commercial – Non-owner Occupied 291,864 14,380 242 — 306,486 Residential – 1 to 4 Family 749,904 — 621 — 750,525 Residential – Multifamily 84,964 — — — 84,964 Consumer 7,972 — — — 7,972 Total $ 1,463,042 $ 17,409 $ 4,396 $ — $ 1,484,847 |