Available-for-Sale Securities | Investments The Bank makes short-term investments in interest-bearing deposits, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and Federal funds sold, and may make other investments in debt securities, which are classified as either trading, AFS, or HTM. Interest-Bearing Deposits, Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell, and Federal Funds Sold. The Bank invests in interest-bearing deposits, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and Federal funds sold to provide short-term liquidity. These investments are generally transacted with counterparties that have received an investment grade credit rating of BBB or greater by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO). At September 30, 2020, none of these investments were with counterparties rated below BBB nor with unrated counterparties. These may differ from any internal ratings of the investments by the Bank, if applicable. Federal funds sold are unsecured loans that are generally transacted on an overnight term. Federal Housing Finance Agency (Finance Agency) regulations include a limit on the amount of unsecured credit the Bank may extend to a counterparty. At September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, all investments in interest-bearing deposits and Federal funds sold were repaid or expected to be repaid according to the contractual terms. No allowance for credit losses was recorded for these assets at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019. Carrying values of interest- bearing deposits and Federal funds sold exclude accrued interest receivable of de minimis amounts as of September 30, 2020, and $3 and a de minimis amount as of December 31, 2019, respectively. Based upon the collateral held as security and collateral maintenance provisions with its counterparties, the Bank determined that no allowance for credit losses was needed for its securities purchased under agreements to resell at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019. The carrying value of securities purchased under agreements excludes de minimis amounts of accrued interest receivable as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019. Debt Securities The Bank invests in debt securities, which are classified as either trading, AFS, or HTM. Within these investments, the Bank is primarily subject to credit risk related to private-label residential mortgage-backed securities (PLRMBS) that are supported by underlying mortgage loans. The Bank is prohibited by Finance Agency regulations from purchasing certain higher risk securities, such as equity securities and debt instruments that are not investment quality at time of purchase. Trading Securities. The estimated fair value of trading securities as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, was as follows: September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 U.S. obligations – Treasury securities $ 4,278 $ 1,762 MBS – Other U.S. obligations – Ginnie Mae 3 4 Total $ 4,281 $ 1,766 The net unrealized gain/(loss) on trading securities was $(19) and a de minimis amount for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The net unrealized gain/(loss) on trading securities was $36 and $(1) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These amounts represent the changes in the fair value of the securities during the reported periods. Available-for-Sale Securities. AFS securities by major security type as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, were as follows: September 30, 2020 Amortized Cost (1) Allowance for Credit Losses (2) Gross Gross Estimated Fair Value U.S. obligations – Treasury securities $ 3,797 $ — $ 4 $ — $ 3,801 MBS: GSEs – multifamily: Freddie Mac 851 — 3 (1) 853 Fannie Mae 7,894 — 19 (32) 7,881 Subtotal – GSEs – multifamily 8,745 — 22 (33) 8,734 PLRMBS: Prime 180 (2) 10 — 188 Alt-A 1,821 (22) 171 (22) 1,948 Subtotal PLRMBS 2,001 (24) 181 (22) 2,136 Total MBS 10,746 (24) 203 (55) 10,870 Total $ 14,543 $ (24) $ 207 $ (55) $ 14,671 December 31, 2019 Amortized Cost (1) OTTI Recognized in AOCI (2) Gross Unrealized Gains (3) Gross Estimated Fair Value U.S. obligations – Treasury securities $ 5,281 $ — $ 7 $ — $ 5,288 MBS: GSEs – multifamily: Freddie Mac 773 — 4 — 777 Fannie Mae 6,823 — 23 (13) 6,833 Subtotal – GSEs – multifamily 7,596 — 27 (13) 7,610 PLRMBS: Prime 213 — 17 — 230 Alt-A 2,116 (9) 260 — 2,367 Subtotal PLRMBS 2,329 (9) 277 — 2,597 Total MBS 9,925 (9) 304 (13) 10,207 Total $ 15,206 $ (9) $ 311 $ (13) $ 15,495 (1) Amortized cost includes unpaid principal balance, unamortized premiums and discounts, net charge-offs, and valuation adjustments for hedging activities, and excludes accrued interest receivable of $48 and $58 at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively. (2) Effective January 1, 2020, the Bank completes an analysis on a quarterly basis to determine whether to record an allowance for credit losses for expected credit losses on AFS securities. Prior to January 1, 2020, credit losses were recorded as a direct write-down to the AFS security carrying value. OTTI recognized in AOCI excludes subsequent unrealized gains/(losses) in fair value of previously other-than-temporarily impaired AFS securities at December 31, 2019, which is included in net non-credit-related OTTI on AFS securities. (3) Includes $277 in subsequent unrealized gains in fair value of previously other-than-temporarily impaired AFS securities at December 31, 2019. At September 30, 2020, the amortized cost of the Bank’s MBS classified as AFS included premiums of $67, discounts of $48, and credit-related OTTI of $506 for AFS securities with an OTTI recognized pursuant to the impairment guidance in effect prior to January 1, 2020. At December 31, 2019, the amortized cost of the Bank’s MBS classified as AFS included premiums of $65, discounts of $52, and credit-related OTTI of $574. The following tables summarize the AFS securities with unrealized losses as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019. The unrealized losses are aggregated by major security type and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position. At December 31, 2019, total unrealized losses in the following table will not agree to total gross unrealized losses in the table above. The unrealized losses in the following table as of December 31, 2019, also include non-credit-related OTTI losses recognized in AOCI. September 30, 2020 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized MBS – GSEs – multifamily: Freddie Mac $ 321 $ 1 $ — $ — $ 321 $ 1 Fannie Mae 3,690 26 479 6 4,169 32 Subtotal MBS – GSEs – multifamily 4,011 27 479 6 4,490 33 PLRMBS: Prime 3 — 7 — 10 — Alt-A 206 7 154 15 360 22 Subtotal PLRMBS 209 7 161 15 370 22 Total $ 4,220 $ 34 $ 640 $ 21 $ 4,860 $ 55 December 31, 2019 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized MBS – GSEs – multifamily: Freddie Mac $ 211 $ — $ — $ — $ 211 $ — Fannie Mae 2,433 9 623 4 3,056 13 Subtotal MBS – GSEs – multifamily 2,644 9 623 4 3,267 13 PLRMBS: Prime 4 — 8 — 12 — Alt-A 75 — 193 9 268 9 Subtotal PLRMBS 79 — 201 9 280 9 Total $ 2,723 $ 9 $ 824 $ 13 $ 3,547 $ 22 Redemption Terms. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of non-MBS investments by contractual maturity (based on contractual final principal payment) and of MBS as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, are shown below. Expected maturities of MBS will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay the underlying obligations with or without call or prepayment fees. September 30, 2020 Year of Contractual Maturity Amortized Estimated AFS securities other than MBS: Due in 1 year or less $ 2,924 $ 2,926 Due after 1 year through 5 years 873 875 Subtotal 3,797 3,801 MBS 10,746 10,870 Total $ 14,543 $ 14,671 December 31, 2019 Year of Contractual Maturity Amortized Estimated AFS securities other than MBS: Due in 1 year or less $ 2,309 $ 2,312 Due after 1 year through 5 years 2,972 2,976 Subtotal 5,281 5,288 MBS 9,925 10,207 Total $ 15,206 $ 15,495 Held-to-Maturity Securities. The Bank classifies the following securities as HTM because the Bank has the positive intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity: September 30, 2020 Amortized Cost (1) Gross Unrecognized Holding Gains (3) Gross Unrecognized Holding Losses (3) Estimated MBS – Other U.S. obligations – single-family: Ginnie Mae $ 319 $ 9 $ — $ 328 MBS – GSEs – single-family: Freddie Mac 654 14 — 668 Fannie Mae 1,373 24 (1) 1,396 Subtotal MBS – GSEs – single-family 2,027 38 (1) 2,064 MBS – GSEs – multifamily: Freddie Mac 2,110 1 (3) 2,108 Fannie Mae 946 — (2) 944 Subtotal MBS – GSEs – multifamily 3,056 1 (5) 3,052 Subtotal MBS – GSEs 5,083 39 (6) 5,116 PLRMBS: Prime 203 — (6) 197 Alt-A 113 4 (3) 114 Subtotal PLRMBS 316 4 (9) 311 Total $ 5,718 $ 52 $ (15) $ 5,755 December 31, 2019 Amortized Cost (1) OTTI Recognized in AOCI (2) Carrying Gross Unrecognized Holding Gains (3) Gross Unrecognized Holding Losses (3) Estimated MBS – Other U.S. obligations – single-family: Ginnie Mae $ 470 $ — $ 470 $ 5 $ — $ 475 MBS – GSEs – single-family: Freddie Mac 1,063 — 1,063 8 (1) 1,070 Fannie Mae 1,844 — 1,844 20 (1) 1,863 Subtotal MBS – GSEs – single-family 2,907 — 2,907 28 (2) 2,933 MBS – GSEs – multifamily: Freddie Mac 2,625 — 2,625 — (9) 2,616 Fannie Mae 1,159 — 1,159 — (2) 1,157 Subtotal MBS – GSEs – multifamily 3,784 — 3,784 — (11) 3,773 Subtotal MBS – GSEs 6,691 — 6,691 28 (13) 6,706 PLRMBS: Prime 243 — 243 1 (4) 240 Alt-A 142 (1) 141 6 (2) 145 Subtotal PLRMBS 385 (1) 384 7 (6) 385 Total $ 7,546 $ (1) $ 7,545 $ 40 $ (19) $ 7,566 (1) Amortized cost includes unpaid principal balance, unamortized premiums and discounts, and net charge offs, and excludes accrued interest receivable of $5 and $12 at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively. (2) With the adoption of new accounting guidance for the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments on January 1, 2020, the OTTI approach was replaced with an evaluation for an allowance for credit loss; however, OTTI remains for those securities that had credit impairment prior to the adoption date. (3) Gross unrecognized gains/(losses) represent the difference between estimated fair value and net carrying value. Expected maturities of MBS classified as HTM will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay the underlying obligations with or without call or prepayment fees. At September 30, 2020, the amortized cost of the Bank’s MBS classified as HTM included premiums of $5, discounts of $7, and credit-related OTTI of $6 for HTM securities with an OTTI recognized pursuant to the impairment guidance in effect prior to January 1, 2020. At December 31, 2019, the amortized cost of the Bank’s MBS classified as HTM included premiums of $8, discounts of $11, and credit-related OTTI of $7. Allowance for Credit Losses on AFS and HTM Securities. The Bank adopted new accounting guidance for the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments on January 1, 2020. For additional information, see Note 2 – Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Guidance. For information on the prior methodology for evaluating credit losses, see “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Bank’s 2019 Form 10-K. The following table presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on investment securities associated with PLRMBS classified as AFS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. The Bank recorded no allowance for credit losses associated with HTM securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Under the previous accounting methodology of security impairment, the Bank recognized credit-related net OTTI loss of $2 and $8 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 September 30, 2020 Balance, beginning of the period $ 29 $ — (Charge-offs)/recoveries (1) (2) Provision for/(reversal of) credit losses (4) 26 Balance, end of the period $ 24 $ 24 To evaluate investment securities for credit loss at September 30, 2020, the Bank employed the following methodologies, based on the type of security. AFS and HTM Securities (Excluding PLRMBS) – The Bank’s AFS and HTM securities are principally U.S. obligations and MBS issued by Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Fannie Mae that are backed by single-family or multifamily mortgage loans. The Bank only purchases securities considered investment quality. Excluding PLRMBS investments, at September 30, 2020, approximately 100% of AFS securities and HTM securities, based on amortized cost, were rated A, or above, by an NRSRO, based on the lowest long-term credit rating for each security. These may differ from any internal ratings of the securities by the Bank, if applicable. At September 30, 2020, certain of the Bank’s AFS securities were in an unrealized loss position. These losses are considered temporary as the Bank expects to recover the entire amortized cost basis on these AFS investment securities and neither intends to sell these securities nor considers it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before its anticipated recovery of each security's remaining amortized cost basis. Further, the Bank has not experienced any payment defaults on the instruments. In addition, substantially all of these securities carry an implicit or explicit government guarantee. As a result, no allowance for credit losses was recorded on these AFS securities at September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, the Bank had not established an allowance for credit loss on any of its HTM securities because the securities: (i) were all highly rated or had short remaining terms to maturity, (ii) had not experienced, nor did the Bank expect, any payment default on the instruments, and (iii) in the case of GSE or other U.S. obligations, carry an implicit or explicit government guarantee such that the Bank considers the risk of nonpayment to be zero. Private-Label Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities – The Bank also holds investments in PLRMBS. The Bank has not purchased any PLRMBS since the first quarter of 2008. However, many of these securities have subsequently experienced significant credit deterioration. As of September 30, 2020, approximately 6% of PLRMBS (AFS and HTM combined, based on amortized cost) were rated A, or above, by an NRSRO; and the remaining securities were either rated less than A, or were unrated. To determine whether an allowance for credit loss is necessary on these securities, the Bank uses cash flow analyses. For certain PLRMBS where underlying collateral data is not available, alternative procedures as determined by the Bank are used to assess these securities for credit loss measurement. At each quarter end, the Bank compares the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected on its PLRMBS, using the effective interest rate, to the amortized cost basis of the securities to determine whether a credit loss exists. The expected credit losses are measured using: • the remaining payment terms for the security; • prepayment speeds based on underlying loan-level borrower and loan characteristics; • expected default rates based on underlying loan-level borrower and loan characteristics; • expected housing price changes; • expected interest rate assumptions; and • loss severities on the collateral supporting each unique PLRMBS based on underlying loan-level borrower and loan characteristics. The projected cash flows are based on a number of assumptions and expectations, and the results of these models can vary significantly with changes in assumptions and expectations. The scenario of cash flows determined reflects management’s expectations and includes a base case housing price forecast for near- and long-term horizons. For all the PLRMBS in its AFS and HTM portfolios, the Bank does not intend to sell any security and it is not more likely than not that the Bank will be required to sell any security before its anticipated recovery of the remaining amortized cost basis. For securities with an OTTI recognized pursuant to the impairment guidance in effect prior to January 1, 2020, as of September 30, 2020 (securities for which the Bank determined that it does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis), the following table presents a summary of the significant inputs used in measuring the fair value of PLRMBS classified as Level 3 as of September 30, 2020, and the related current credit enhancement for the Bank. September 30, 2020 Significant Inputs for Other-Than-Temporarily Impaired PLRMBS Current Prepayment Rates Default Rates Loss Severities Credit Enhancement Collateral Type at Origination Weighted Average % (1) Weighted Average % (1) Weighted Average % (1) Weighted Average % (1) Prime 10.4 17.3 20.2 22.5 Alt-A 13.3 20.5 40.9 2.8 Total 13.3 20.5 40.8 2.9 (1) Weighted average percentage is based on unpaid principal balance. Credit enhancement is defined as the percentage of subordinated tranches, excess spread, and over-collateralization, if any, in a security structure that will generally absorb losses before the Bank will experience a loss on the security. The calculated averages represent the dollar-weighted averages of all the PLRMBS investments in each category shown. The classification is based on the model used to run the estimated cash flows for the CUSIP, which may not necessarily be the same as the classification at the time of origination. The following table presents the credit-related OTTI, which is recognized in earnings, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2020 September 30, 2019 Balance, beginning of the period $ 990 $ 1,050 $ 1,021 $ 1,077 Additional charges on securities for which OTTI was previously recognized (1) — 2 — 8 Securities matured during the period (2) — (3) — (5) Accretion of yield adjustments resulting from improvement of expected cash flows that are recognized over the remaining life of the securities (3) (14) (15) (45) (46) Balance, end of the period $ 976 $ 1,034 $ 976 $ 1,034 (1) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, “securities for which OTTI was previously recognized” represents all securities that were also other-than-temporarily impaired prior to January 1, 2020. (2) Represents reductions related to securities that, having reached final maturity during the period, are therefore are no longer held by the Bank at the end of the period. (3) The total net accretion/(amortization) associated with PLRMBS that were other-than-temporarily impaired prior to January 1, 2020, (amount recognized in interest income) totaled $17 and $21 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The total net accretion/(amortization) associated with PLRMBS that were other-than-temporarily impaired prior to January 1, 2020, (amount recognized in interest income) totaled $54 and $58 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In general, the Bank elects to transfer any PLRMBS that incurred a credit loss during the applicable period from the Bank’s HTM portfolio to its AFS portfolio at their fair values. The Bank recognized a credit loss on these HTM PLRMBS, which the Bank believes is evidence of a significant decline in the credit quality of the underlying collateral. The decline in the credit quality of the underlying collateral is the basis for the transfers to the AFS portfolio. These transfers allow the Bank the option to sell these securities prior to maturity in view of changes in interest rates, changes in prepayment risk, or other factors, while recognizing the Bank’s intent to hold these securities for an indefinite period of time. The Bank transferred PLRMBS from its HTM portfolio to its AFS portfolio with an amortized cost and fair value of $1 during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The Bank did not transfer any PLRMBS from its HTM portfolio to its AFS portfolio during the three months ended September 30, 2020, nor during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. For the Bank’s PLRMBS, the Bank experienced declines in fair value in March 2020 as a result of disruptions in the financial markets combined with illiquidity in the PLRMBS market and decreased expectations of the performance of loan collateral underlying these securities, which caused these assets to be valued at discounts to their amortized cost. As a result of these factors and the adoption of new accounting guidance for the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments on January 1, 2020, the Bank recorded a provision for credit losses on its PLRMBS portfolio of $39 in the first quarter of 2020. Subsequent improvement in the Bank’s PLRMBS fair values during the three months ended September 30, 2020, resulted in the Bank’s recognition of a reversal of credit losses totaling $4 on its PLRMBS portfolio. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Bank recorded a provision for credit losses on its PLRMBS portfolio classified as AFS of $26. |