Boise Cascade Investor Relations | Exhibit 99.1 |
1111 West Jefferson Street PO Box 50 Boise, ID 83728 | |
T 208 384 7990 F 208 384 7332 | 
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News Release
Media Contacts | Investor Relations Contact |
Mike Moser | Rob McNutt |
Office 208 384 6016 Cell 208 867 4346 | Office 208 384 7023 |
For Immediate Release: March 1, 2007
BOISE ANNOUNCES 2006 FINANCIAL RESULTS
BOISE, Idaho – Boise Cascade Holdings, LLC today reported net income of $71.6 million (including $3.7 million of income for special items) for 2006, compared with net income of $121.4 million (including $22.0 million of expense for special items) for 2005. Income from operations for 2006 was $183.4 million, compared to $272.7 million in 2005. Boise also reported net income for the fourth quarter 2006 of $3.1 million, compared to $42.6 million for the same period in 2005. Income from operations for the fourth quarter 2006 was $29.8 million, compared with $34.2 million for the same period in 2005.
“In 2006, we had a cyclical shift in our markets with improved paper markets but an unprecedented contraction in building materials,” said Tom Stephens, chairman and chief executive officer. “We did continue to reinvest to grow the value of our company through several projects. We launched a project to give the number three paper machine at our mill in Wallula, Washington, the capability to produce label and release grades; we broke ground for a new Building Materials Distribution center in Milton, Florida; and we increased our containerboard integration by purchasing converting capacity. Our Building Materials Distribution and Wood Products businesses weathered the sharp downturn in the housing market during the second half of the year relatively well, due to our product mix and the right reaction to a falling market by the organization operating those businesses. At the same time, we continued our fundamental strategy of optimizing cash flow and paying down debt.”
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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
($ in millions)
| | | | Year Ended December 31 | |
| | 4Q 2006 | | 4Q 2005 | | 3Q 2006 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
Sales | | $ | 1,269.5 | | $ | 1,424.3 | | $ | 1,480.3 | | $ | 5,779.9 | | $ | 5,907.4 | |
Income from operations | | $ | 29.8 | | $ | 34.2 | | $ | 63.1 | | $ | 183.4 | | $ | 272.7 | |
Net income | | $ | 3.1 | | $ | 42.6 | | $ | 34.9 | | $ | 71.6 | | $ | 121.4 | |
EBITDA (a) | | $ | 69.4 | | $ | 67.3 | | $ | 102.3 | | $ | 339.1 | | $ | 401.2 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Special items included in net income and EBITDA: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Gain for changes in retiree healthcare | | $ | — | | $ | 9.9 | | $ | — | | $ | 3.7 | | $ | 9.9 | |
Write-off of costs in connection with cancelled IPO | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (3.6 | ) |
Increase in EBITDA | | — | | 9.9 | | — | | 3.7 | | 6.3 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Additional special items included in net income but not included in EBITDA: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 9.9 | |
Write-off of deferred financing costs | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (43.0 | ) |
Net tax benefit of rescinding C corporation status | | — | | 37.3 | | — | | — | | 4.8 | |
| | — | | 37.3 | | — | | — | | (28.3 | ) |
Increase (decrease) in net income | | $ | — | | $ | 47.2 | | $ | — | | $ | 3.7 | | $ | (22.0 | ) |
(a) For reconciliation of net income to EBITDA, see “Segment Information” in the financial section.
At December 31, 2006, our net debt was $1.2 billion. The aggregate leveraged buyout debt at October 29, 2004, was $3.2 billion, including $1.2 billion of debt incurred by Boise Land & Timber Corp., which was repaid in February 2005. Net debt includes long- and short-term debt owed to third parties, less cash and cash equivalents.
Sales
Sales for the year 2006 were $5.8 billion, compared to $5.9 billion in 2005. Year-over-year sales were lower in both the Building Materials Distribution and Wood Products segments due primarily to the slowdown in the housing market, which contributed to lower commodity sales prices and lower engineered wood products (EWP) sales volumes from our Wood Products segment. Sales increased in our Paper segment due primarily to increases in prices for both commodity and specialty & premium paper grades. The increase in Packaging & Newsprint segment sales was driven primarily by the acquisition of Central Texas Corrugated (CTC) in February 2006, coupled with higher prices, which was offset, in part, by the adoption of Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) 04-13, which changed our accounting for containerboard trade sales. Had EITF 04-13 been in effect in 2005, it would have reduced sales $76.1 million and would have reduced material, labor, and other operating expenses by about the same amount.
Fourth quarter 2006 sales were $1.3 billion, compared to $1.4 billion for the same period of 2005. Comparing the fourth quarter 2006 to the same period of 2005, Building Materials Distribution segment
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sales decreased 16% due to lower sales volumes and lower commodity sales prices. Wood Products segment sales were down 23% due primarily to lower plywood prices, coupled with lower sales volumes of laminated veneer lumber (LVL), I-joists, and plywood, which were down 19%, 28%, and 7%, respectively. Paper segment sales were up 3% over the same period in 2005 due to higher sales prices, offset in part, by lower sales volumes. Packaging & Newsprint segment sales increased 2% due to the acquisition of CTC and higher sales prices, offset in part, by the impact of EITF 04-13.
Income From Operations
Income from operations decreased 33% in 2006 to $183.4 million from $272.7 million in 2005. Segment income decreased in both Building Materials Distribution and Wood Products driven by softer housing markets, and segment income increased in both Paper and Packaging & Newsprint as sales prices rose in those businesses.
Comparing fourth quarter 2006 with fourth quarter 2005, segment income in Building Materials Distribution decreased $8.0 million, from $20.1 million in 2005 to $12.1 million, due primarily to lower sales volumes and lower commodity sales prices. Segment income in Wood Products decreased $24.6 million, from $20.2 million of income in 2005 to a loss of $4.4 million, due primarily to lower plywood sales prices, coupled with lower engineered wood products and plywood sales volumes and higher per-unit conversion costs, offset in part, by lower wood costs. Paper segment income increased $26.2 million from a loss of $7.9 million in 2005 to $18.3 million of income in 2006, due to higher sales prices and lower energy costs, offset in part, by higher fiber and chemical costs as well as higher manufacturing costs. During the fourth quarter 2006, our pulp sales volumes were 15,000 tons lower than in the same quarter of 2005. We elected to reduce pulp production at our mill in St. Helens, Oregon, because of difficulty sourcing an adequate volume of wood chips at acceptable prices. Packaging & Newsprint segment income increased $10.6 million, from $3.0 million a year ago to $13.6 million, due primarily to increased prices for linerboard. These improvements were offset, in part, by higher fiber and manufacturing costs.
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About Boise Cascade
Boise, headquartered in Boise, Idaho, manufactures engineered wood products, plywood, lumber, and particleboard and distributes a broad line of building materials, including wood products manufactured by the company. Boise also manufactures a wide range of specialty and premium papers, including imaging papers for the office and home and papers for pressure-sensitive applications, as well as printing and converting papers, containerboard and corrugated boxes, newsprint, and market pulp. Visit Boise’s website at www.bc.com.
Webcast and Conference Call
Boise will host an audiovisual webcast and conference call on March 1, 2007, at 11:00 am Eastern, during which we will review the company’s recent performance. You can join the webcast through the Boise website. Go to http://www.bc.com and click on Investor Relations to find the link to the webcast. Please go to the website at least 15 minutes before the start of the webcast to register and to download and install any necessary audio software. To join the conference call, dial (800) 374-0165 (international callers should dial (706) 634-0995) at least 10 minutes before the start of the call. The archived webcast will be available in the News & Events section of Boise’s website until March 28, 2007.
Forward-Looking Statements
This news release may contain statements that are “forward looking” with Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements speak only as of the date of this press release. While they are based on the current expectations and beliefs of management, they are subject to a number of uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ from the expectations expressed in this release.
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Boise Cascade Holdings, L.L.C.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(unaudited, in thousands)
| | Three Months Ended | |
| | December 31 | | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | |
Sales | | | | | | | |
Trade | | $ | 1,118,483 | | $ | 1,287,700 | | $ | 1,332,187 | |
Related parties | | 150,984 | | 136,565 | | 148,159 | |
| | 1,269,467 | | 1,424,265 | | 1,480,346 | |
Costs and expenses | | | | | | | |
Materials, labor, and other operating expenses | | 1,103,276 | | 1,276,281 | | 1,286,763 | |
Depreciation, amortization, and depletion | | 40,921 | | 33,433 | | 39,274 | |
Selling and distribution expenses | | 69,397 | | 68,125 | | 71,555 | |
General and administrative expenses | | 21,019 | | 21,631 | | 19,725 | |
Other (income) expense, net | | 5,086 | | (9,440 | ) (a) | (105 | ) |
| | 1,239,699 | | 1,390,030 | | 1,417,212 | |
| | | | | | | |
Income from operations | | 29,768 | | 34,235 | | 63,134 | |
| | | | | | | |
Foreign exchange loss | | (1,249 | ) | (338 | ) | (89 | ) |
Interest expense | | (25,218 | ) | (28,845 | ) | (28,400 | ) |
Interest income | | 1,334 | | 1,240 | | 909 | |
| | (25,133 | ) | (27,943 | ) | (27,580 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | 4,635 | | 6,292 | | 35,554 | |
Income tax (provision) benefit (b) | | (1,492 | ) | 36,331 | | (616 | ) |
Net income | | $ | 3,143 | | $ | 42,623 | | $ | 34,938 | |
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Segment Information
(unaudited, in thousands)
| | Three Months Ended | |
| | December 31 | | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | |
Segment sales | | | | | | | |
Building Materials Distribution | | $ | 599,119 | | $ | 717,424 | | $ | 756,608 | |
Wood Products | | 229,447 | | 298,410 | | 299,131 | |
Paper | | 369,170 | | 357,098 | | 373,458 | |
Packaging & Newsprint | | 190,144 | | 186,501 | | 206,797 | |
Intersegment eliminations and other | | (118,413 | ) | (135,168 | ) | (155,648 | ) |
| | $ | 1,269,467 | | $ | 1,424,265 | | $ | 1,480,346 | |
Segment income (loss) | | | | | | | |
Building Materials Distribution | | $ | 12,088 | | $ | 20,076 | | $ | 19,354 | |
Wood Products | | (4,388 | ) | 20,205 | | 5,606 | |
Paper | | 18,313 | | (7,883 | ) | 30,822 | |
Packaging & Newsprint | | 13,573 | | 2,978 | | 15,523 | |
Corporate and Other | | (11,067 | ) | (1,479 | ) (a) | (8,260 | ) |
| | 28,519 | | 33,897 | | 63,045 | |
Interest expense | | (25,218 | ) | (28,845 | ) | (28,400 | ) |
Interest income | | 1,334 | | 1,240 | | 909 | |
Income before income taxes | | $ | 4,635 | | $ | 6,292 | | $ | 35,554 | |
| | | | | | | |
EBITDA (h) | | | | | | | |
Building Materials Distribution | | $ | 14,201 | | $ | 22,457 | | $ | 21,720 | |
Wood Products | | 3,183 | | 26,395 | | 12,671 | |
Paper | | 34,863 | | 5,965 | | 46,533 | |
Packaging & Newsprint | | 26,861 | | 12,476 | | 28,293 | |
Corporate and Other | | (9,668 | ) | 37 | (a) | (6,898 | ) |
| | $ | 69,440 | | $ | 67,330 | | $ | 102,319 | |
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Boise Cascade Holdings, L.L.C.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands)
| | Year Ended December 31 | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | |
Sales | | | | | |
Trade | | $ | 5,203,952 | | $ | 5,345,106 | |
Related parties | | 575,913 | | 562,338 | |
| | 5,779,865 | | 5,907,444 | |
Costs and expenses | | | | | |
Materials, labor, and other operating expenses | | 5,063,041 | | 5,155,112 | |
Fiber costs from related parties | | — | | 17,609 | |
Depreciation, amortization, and depletion | | 155,311 | | 128,826 | |
Selling and distribution expenses | | 283,636 | | 264,072 | |
General and administrative expenses | | 88,364 | | 74,732 | |
Other (income) expense, net | | 6,089 | (c) (d) | (5,592 | ) (a) (e) |
| | 5,596,441 | | 5,634,759 | |
| | | | | |
Income from operations | | 183,424 | | 272,685 | |
| | | | | |
Foreign exchange gain (loss) | | 401 | | (340 | ) |
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps | | — | | 9,886 | (f) |
Interest expense | | (112,404 | ) | (166,344 | ) (g) |
Interest income | | 3,781 | | 3,391 | |
| | (108,222 | ) | (153,407 | ) |
| | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | 75,202 | | 119,278 | |
Income tax (provision) benefit (b) | | (3,631 | ) | 2,089 | |
Net income | | $ | 71,571 | | $ | 121,367 | |
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Segment Information
(in thousands)
| | Year Ended December 31 | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | |
Segment sales | | | | | |
Building Materials Distribution | | $ | 2,950,273 | | $ | 3,052,316 | |
Wood Products | | 1,155,873 | | 1,294,390 | |
Paper | | 1,494,687 | | 1,417,813 | |
Packaging & Newsprint | | 766,537 | | 731,559 | |
Intersegment eliminations and other | | (587,505 | ) | (588,634 | ) |
| | $ | 5,779,865 | | $ | 5,907,444 | |
| | | | | |
Segment income (loss) | | | | | |
Building Materials Distribution | | $ | 75,343 | | $ | 99,917 | |
Wood Products | | 37,231 | (d) | 119,356 | |
Paper | | 63,080 | | 58,570 | |
Packaging & Newsprint | | 45,259 | | 23,840 | |
Corporate and Other | | (37,088 | ) (c) (d) | (29,338 | ) (a) (e) |
| | 183,825 | | 272,345 | |
| | | | | |
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps | | — | | 9,886 | (f) |
Interest expense | | (112,404 | ) | (166,344 | ) (g) |
Interest income | | 3,781 | | 3,391 | |
Income before income taxes | | $ | 75,202 | | $ | 119,278 | |
| | | | | |
EBITDA (h) | | | | | |
Building Materials Distribution | | $ | 84,574 | | $ | 108,983 | |
Wood Products | | 64,854 | (d) | 142,397 | |
Paper | | 125,411 | | 112,602 | |
Packaging & Newsprint | | 96,074 | | 61,018 | |
Corporate and Other | | (31,777 | ) (c) (d) | (23,829 | ) (a) (e) |
| | $ | 339,136 | | $ | 401,171 | |
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Summary Notes to Consolidated Statements of Income and Segment Information
The Consolidated Statements of Income, Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and Segment Information do not include all Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and should be read in conjunction with the company’s 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K will be available in March 2007. Net income for all periods presented involved estimates and accruals.
(a) Includes a $9.9 million gain for changes to our retiree healthcare programs.
(b) In May 2005, we converted to a C corporation from a limited liability company and in December 2005, we rescinded our conversion to a C corporation. The three months ended December 31, 2005, includes a $37.3 million net tax benefit recorded as a result of rescinding our C corporation status, which was partially offset by income tax expense recognized by our taxable subsidiaries.
Except for our separate subsidiaries that are taxed as corporations, tax expenses and benefits related to the three months ended September 30, 2006, and December 31, 2006, and the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, were recognized by the members of the limited liability company.
During the period we were a C corporation, we recorded approximately $4.8 million of deferred tax liabilities related to our cash flow hedges, with the offset to other comprehensive income in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. As described above, in connection with converting back to a limited liability company, we reversed the income tax expense and deferred taxes recorded while we were a corporate entity. The reversal of the deferred tax liabilities related to our cash flow hedges resulted in a $4.8 million income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2005, that was partially offset by income tax expense recognized by our taxable subsidiaries. The $4.8 million recorded in “Other comprehensive income” is recognized as income tax expense as the hedges expire.
(c) Includes a $3.7 million gain for changes in our retiree healthcare programs.
(d) Includes $4.5 million of special project costs, of which $3.0 million is recorded in Corporate and Other and $1.5 million in Wood Products.
(e) Includes $3.6 million of expense for the write-off of costs incurred in connection with the canceled initial public offering.
(f) Represents the change in the fair value of interest rate swaps related to our amended and restated senior credit facilities.
(g) Includes the write-off of $43.0 million of deferred financing costs resulting from the repayment of the Tranche B term loan.
(h) EBITDA represents income before interest (interest expense, interest income, and changes in fair value of interest rate swaps), income taxes, and depreciation, amortization, and depletion. The following table reconciles net income to EBITDA for the three months ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, and September 30, 2006:
| | Three Months Ended | |
| | December 31 | | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | |
| | (unaudited, in thousands) | |
Net income | | $ | 3,143 | | $ | 42,623 | (a) | $ | 34,938 | |
Interest expense | | 25,218 | | 28,845 | | 28,400 | |
Interest income | | (1,334 | ) | (1,240 | ) | (909 | ) |
Income tax provision (benefit) (b) | | 1,492 | | (36,331 | ) | 616 | |
Depreciation, amortization, and depletion | | 40,921 | | 33,433 | | 39,274 | |
EBITDA | | $ | 69,440 | | $ | 67,330 | | $ | 102,319 | |
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The following table reconciles net income to EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | Year Ended December 31 | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Net income | | $ | 71,571 | (c) (d) | $ | 121,367 | (a) (e) |
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps | | — | | (9,886 | ) (f) |
Interest expense | | 112,404 | | 166,344 | (g) |
Interest income | | (3,781 | ) | (3,391 | ) |
Income tax provision (benefit) (b) | | 3,631 | | (2,089 | ) |
Depreciation, amortization, and depletion | | 155,311 | | 128,826 | |
EBITDA | | $ | 339,136 | | $ | 401,171 | |
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Boise Cascade Holdings, L.L.C.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands)
| | December 31 | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | |
ASSETS | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Current | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 45,169 | | $ | 88,171 | |
Receivables | | | | | |
Trade, less allowances of $1,734 and $1,947 | | 327,138 | | 338,821 | |
Related parties | | 37,986 | | 43,010 | |
Other | | 19,027 | | 20,980 | |
Inventories | | 640,826 | | 633,783 | |
Other | | 13,027 | | 10,694 | |
| | 1,083,173 | | 1,135,459 | |
| | | | | |
Property | | | | | |
Property and equipment, net | | 1,462,315 | | 1,497,054 | |
Fiber farms and deposits | | 40,492 | | 52,236 | |
| | 1,502,807 | | 1,549,290 | |
| | | | | |
Deferred financing costs | | 31,474 | | 37,778 | |
Goodwill | | 21,846 | | 15,101 | |
Intangible assets | | 37,507 | | 31,804 | |
Other assets | | 28,390 | | 44,231 | |
Total assets | | $ | 2,705,197 | | $ | 2,813,663 | |
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Boise Cascade Holdings, L.L.C.
Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued)
(in thousands, except for equity units)
| | December 31 | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | |
LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Current | | | | | |
Short-term borrowings | | $ | 3,200 | | $ | — | |
Accounts payable | | 341,201 | | 383,207 | |
Accrued liabilities | | | | | |
Compensation and benefits | | 93,287 | | 106,289 | |
Interest payable | | 11,847 | | 10,630 | |
Other | | 54,600 | | 46,244 | |
| | 504,135 | | 546,370 | |
Debt | | | | | |
Long-term debt | | 1,213,900 | | 1,365,800 | |
Note payable to related party, net | | — | | 270,854 | |
| | 1,213,900 | | 1,636,654 | |
Other | | | | | |
Compensation and benefits | | 111,676 | | 121,269 | |
Other long-term liabilities | | 36,642 | | 31,937 | |
| | 148,318 | | 153,206 | |
| | | | | |
Redeemable equity units | | | | | |
Series B equity units – 17,107,889 units and 17,296,624 units outstanding | | 17,477 | | 9,508 | |
Series C equity units – 39,576,540 units and 32,173,830 units outstanding | | 6,434 | | 2,904 | |
| | 23,911 | | 12,412 | |
Commitments and contingent liabilities | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Capital | | | | | |
Series A equity units – no par value; 66,000,000 units authorized and outstanding | | 78,290 | | 39,885 | |
Series B equity units – no par value; 550,000,000 units and 549,000,000 units authorized; 530,356,601 units and 530,356,601 units outstanding | | 724,988 | | 417,601 | |
Series C equity units – no par value; 44,000,000 units and 38,165,775 units authorized | | 11,655 | | 7,535 | |
Total capital | | 814,933 | | 465,021 | |
| | | | | |
Total liabilities and capital | | $ | 2,705,197 | | $ | 2,813,663 | |
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Boise Cascade Holdings, L.L.C.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
| | Year Ended December 31 | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | |
Cash provided by (used for) operations | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 71,571 | | $ | 121,367 | |
Items in net income not using (providing) cash | | | | | |
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization of deferred financing costs and other costs | | 157,312 | | 178,677 | |
Related-party interest expense | | 14,070 | | 18,909 | |
Deferred income taxes | | 968 | | (4,788 | ) |
Pension and other postretirement benefit expense | | 27,447 | | 28,681 | |
Gain on changes in retiree healthcare programs | | (3,741 | ) | (9,900 | ) |
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps | | — | | (9,886 | ) |
Management equity units expense | | 3,514 | | 2,904 | |
Loss on sales of assets | | 3,311 | | — | |
Other | | 2,990 | | 2,365 | |
Decrease (increase) in working capital, net of acquisitions | | | | | |
Receivables | | 23,558 | | (61,415 | ) |
Inventories | | (4,813 | ) | (38,942 | ) |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | | (25,103 | ) | 95,897 | |
Pension and other postretirement benefit payments | | (20,736 | ) | (11,073 | ) |
Current and deferred income taxes | | 4,385 | | (4,466 | ) |
Other | | (1,055 | ) | (1,591 | ) |
Cash provided by operations | | 253,678 | | 306,739 | |
| | | | | |
Cash provided by (used for) investment | | | | | |
Expenditures for property and equipment | | (153,524 | ) | (170,282 | ) |
Acquisition of businesses and facilities | | (42,609 | ) | — | |
Sales of assets | | 43,487 | | 18,536 | |
Repayment of note receivable from related party, net | | — | | 157,509 | |
Other | | 1,908 | | 3,654 | |
Cash provided by (used for) investment | | (150,738 | ) | 9,417 | |
| | | | | |
Cash provided by (used for) financing | | | | | |
Issuances of long-term debt | | 373,300 | | 920,000 | |
Payments of long-term debt | | (525,200 | ) | (1,534,200 | ) |
Note payable to related party, net | | (283,847 | ) | 250,272 | |
Tax distributions to members | | (19,269 | ) | (23,143 | ) |
Proceeds from changes to interest rate swaps | | 25,620 | | — | |
Capital contributions from members | | 280,366 | | — | |
Net repurchases of equity units | | (89 | ) | (746 | ) |
Other | | 3,177 | | (3,513 | ) |
Cash used for financing | | (145,942 | ) | (391,330 | ) |
| | | | | |
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents | | (43,002 | ) | (75,174 | ) |
| | | | | |
Balance at beginning of the year | | 88,171 | | 163,345 | |
| | | | | |
Balance at end of the year | | $ | 45,169 | | $ | 88,171 | |
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