| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Revenue Recognition A contract with a customer exists when a customer invoice is generated. The Company considers each item on an invoice as an individual performance obligation. The Company recognizes revenue for each performance obligation when ordered items are delivered, control is transferred, and legal right of ownership passes to the customer. The Company includes fees charged to customers for shipping and handling activities in net sales and the related costs in cost of goods sold upon transfer of control of ordered products to a customer. Revenues are reported net of customer incentives, discounts and returns, including an allowance for estimated returns. The allowance for sales returns is calculated based on the Company’s returns experience, which has historically not been significant. The Company also earns management service fee revenue from operating third-party distribution centers belonging to certain customers. These revenues represented less than 1% of the Company’s total net sales for 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . Service fee revenue is recognized as earned on a monthly basis in accordance with the terms of the management service fee contracts and is included in net sales on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. See Note 16 - Segment and Geographic Information for the disaggregation of net sales for each of the two geographic areas in which the Company operates and also by major product category. On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”), to supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The Company adopted this pronouncement using the modified retrospective method effective January 1, 2018. Pursuant to Topic 606, revenue is recognized when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. The Company reviewed the following areas: (i) presentation of certain items, including excise taxes on a gross or net basis; (ii) deferral and amortization of contract fulfillment costs; (iii) recognition of contract assets and liabilities for certain contracts that are performed but not completed; and (iv) timing of recognition of variable consideration received from vendors and paid to customers. The adoption of this pronouncement did not have any material impacts related to the above-noted areas, nor any impact to opening retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. Additionally, there were no material impacts on the amount and timing of revenue recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Customers ’ Sales Incentives The Company provides consideration to customers, such as sales allowances or discounts to its customers on a regular basis. Under ASU 2014-09, these customers’ sales incentives are recorded as a reduction to net sales as each sales incentive is earned by the customer. Customer sales incentives include volume-based rebates that are accounted for as variable consideration. Additionally, the Company may provide allowances for the customers’ commitments to continue using Core-Mark as a supplier. These incentives are known as racking allowances and may be paid at the inception of the customer’s agreement or on a periodic basis. Allowances paid at the inception of the contract are deferred and amortized over the period of the distribution agreement as a reduction to sales. Vendor Rebates and Promotional Allowances Periodic payments from vendors in various forms including rebates, promotional allowances and volume discounts, are reflected in the carrying value of the related inventory when earned and in cost of goods sold when the related merchandise is sold. Up-front consideration received from vendors for purchase or other commitments is initially deferred and amortized ratably to cost of goods sold as the performance of the activities specified by the vendor is completed. Cooperative marketing incentives received from vendors to fund specific programs first offset the costs of the program, and to the extent the consideration exceeds the costs relating to the program, the excess funds are recorded as reductions to cost of goods sold. These amounts are recorded in the period the related promotional or merchandising programs are provided. Certain vendor incentive promotions require the Company to make assumptions and judgments regarding, for example, the likelihood of achieving market share levels or attaining specified levels of purchases. Vendor incentives are at the discretion of the Company’s vendors and can fluctuate due to changes in vendor strategies and market requirements. Vendor rebates and promotional allowances earned totaled $237.7 million , $231.9 million and $221.2 million in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Excise Taxes As part of the implementation of ASU 2014-09, the Company determined it is responsible for collecting and remitting state, local and provincial excise taxes on cigarettes and other tobacco products and will continue to present excise taxes as part of revenue and remittances as part of cost of goods sold. These excise taxes are a significant component of the Company’s net sales and cost of goods sold. In 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , approximately $3.5 billion , $3.5 billion and $3.0 billion , or 21% , 22% and 21% of the Company’s net sales, and approximately 22% , 23% and 22% of its cost of goods sold, respectively, represented excise taxes. Additionally, federal excise taxes are levied on manufacturers who pass these taxes on to the Company as a portion of the product costs. As a result, federal excise taxes are not a component of the Company’s excise taxes, but are reflected in the cost of inventory until products are sold. Stock-based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards and performance shares based on the grant-date fair value of the awards. For service based awards, the Company recognizes the expense using a straight-line method. For performance based awards, the Company recognizes the expense ratably based on the probable achievement of performance conditions. Stock-based compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Stock-based compensation expense is calculated based on awards ultimately expected to vest and has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. The Company’s forfeiture experience since inception of its plans has been approximately 4% of the total grants. The historical rate of forfeiture is a component of the basis for predicting the future rate of forfeitures, which are also dependent on the remaining service period related to grants. Pension and Other Post-retirement Benefit Costs On September 14, 2016, the Board of Directors approved a motion to terminate the Company’s qualified defined-benefit pension plan. In December 2017, the Company completed the settlement with an annuity transfer to a third-party insurance company, who will be responsible for all remaining payments to plan participants. At settlement, the Company recognized a non-cash charge in pension termination settlement expenses within the consolidated statements of operations related to unrecognized actuarial losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) of approximately $17.2 million (see Note 11 - Employee Benefit Plans ) . Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities, their respective tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when the Company does not consider it more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. The Company has established an estimated liability for income tax exposures that arise and meet the criteria for accrual. The Company prepares and files tax returns based on its interpretation of tax laws and regulations and records estimates based on these judgments and interpretations. In the normal course of business, the Company’s tax returns are subject to examination by various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in future tax and interest assessments by these taxing authorities. Inherent uncertainties exist in estimates of tax contingencies due to changes in tax law resulting from legislation, regulation and/or as concluded through the various jurisdictions’ tax court systems. The Company classifies interest and penalties related to income taxes as income tax expense. Additionally, the Company releases income tax effects from AOCI as individual items are adjusted (see Note 10 - Income Taxes ). Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during each period, excluding unvested RSUs and performance shares. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by weighted-average shares outstanding including common stock equivalents. Common stock equivalents include RSUs and performance-based share awards, if the impact of the individual awards is dilutive, using the treasury stock method (see Note 12 - Earnings Per Share ) . Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Book Overdrafts Cash and cash equivalents include cash, money market funds and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company had book overdrafts of $49.4 million and $45.3 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Book overdrafts consist primarily of outstanding checks in excess of cash on hand in the corresponding bank accounts at the end of the period. The Company’s policy has been to fund these outstanding checks as they clear with cash held on deposit with other financial institutions or with borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility. The Company has presented its cash balances in the consolidated balance sheets net of book overdrafts. Restricted cash included funds placed in trust as required by one of the Canadian provincial taxing authorities. As of December 31, 2017, the Company no longer had any restricted cash balances due to the rescission of restrictions by the Canadian Alberta provincial government. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in millions): December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Cash and cash equivalents $ 27.3 $ 41.6 $ 26.4 Restricted cash — — 15.3 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash flows in the consolidated statements of cash flows $ 27.3 $ 41.6 $ 41.7 Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable consists of trade receivables from customers. The Company evaluates the collectability of accounts receivable and determines the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience and a review of specific customer accounts. Account balances are charged against the allowance when collection efforts have been exhausted and the receivable is deemed uncollectible (see Note 4 - Other Consolidated Balance Sheet Accounts Detail ). Other Receivables Other receivables consist primarily of amounts due from vendors for promotional and other incentives, which are accrued as earned. The Company evaluates the collectability of amounts due from vendors and determines the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience and a review of specific amounts outstanding (see Note 4 - Other Consolidated Balance Sheet Accounts Detail ). Inventories Inventories consist of finished goods, including cigarettes and other tobacco products, food and other consumable products held for re-sale and are valued at the lower of cost or market. In the Company’s U.S. divisions, cost is determined primarily on a last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) basis. The Company uses the link-chain dollar value LIFO method. The inventory price index computation (“IPIC”) is used to calculate LIFO inflation indices, for which the LIFO inflation source is the producer price indices (“PPI”) published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (“BLS”). The Company uses the IPIC pooling method, for which LIFO pools are established for each PPI in accordance with current regulations. When the Company is aware of material price increases or decreases from manufacturers, the Company estimates the PPI for the respective period if it determines the price increase is not fully reflected in the PPI in order to more accurately reflect inflation rates. Under the LIFO method, current costs of goods sold are matched against current sales. Inventories in the Company’s Canadian divisions are valued on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis, as LIFO is not a permitted inventory valuation method in Canada. Approximately 87% and 86% of the Company’s inventory was valued on a LIFO basis at December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. The Company reduces inventory value for spoiled, aged and unrecoverable inventory based on amounts on-hand and historical experience (see Note 5 - Inventories , Net ). Fair Value Measurements The Company’s financial assets and liabilities are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. The carrying amount of cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, other receivables, trade accounts payable, cigarette and tobacco taxes payable and other accrued liabilities approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these financial instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s variable rate debt approximates fair value. The Company calculates the fair value of certain assets related to acquisitions and impairment evaluations using a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value and gives precedence to observable inputs in determining fair value. An instrument’s level within the hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any significant input to the fair value measurement. The following levels were established for each input: • Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. • Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which reflect the Company’s own assumptions about what market participants would assume when pricing the asset or liability. Business Combinations The Company accounts for all business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, which allocates the fair value of the purchase consideration to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. When determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, management makes significant estimates and assumptions. Management may further adjust the acquisition date fair values for a period of up to one year from the date of acquisition. Acquisition-related expenses and transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred (see Note 3 - Acquisition s ). Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization on new purchases is computed using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the property or the term of the lease, including available renewal option terms if it is reasonably assured that those options will be exercised. Upon retirement or sale, the cost and related accumulated depreciation of the assets are removed and any related gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred (see Note 6 - Property and Equipment, Net ). The Company uses the following depreciable lives for its property and equipment: Useful Life in Years Office furniture and equipment 3-10 Delivery equipment 4-10 Warehouse equipment 5-15 Leasehold improvements 3-25 Buildings 15-25 Other Long-lived Assets Intangible assets with definite lives are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the following lives: Useful Life in Years Customer relationships 9-15 Non-competition agreements 1-5 Trade names 1-2 Internally developed and other purchased software 3-7 The Company reviews its long-lived assets for indicators of impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. An impairment of long-lived assets exists when the carrying amount of a long-lived asset, or asset group, exceeds its fair value, and impairment losses are recorded when the carrying amount of the impaired asset is not recoverable. Recoverability is determined by comparing the carrying amount of the asset (or asset group) to the undiscounted cash flows which are expected to be generated from its use, a Level 3 measurement under the fair value hierarchy. The Company has determined that it has five asset groupings based on a review of its assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. During 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , the Company did not record impairment charges related to long-lived assets (see Note 6 - Property and Equipment, Net and Note 7 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net ). Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually as of October 1 or whenever events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying amount. The Company’s reporting units are its U.S. operations and Canadian operations. Whenever events or circumstances change, the Company assesses the related qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. The tests to evaluate goodwill for impairment are performed at the reporting unit level. In the first step of the quantitative impairment test, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company performs a second step to determine the implied fair value of goodwill associated with the reporting unit. If the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill, such excess represents the amount of goodwill for which an impairment loss would be recorded. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. The estimated fair value of each reporting unit is based on the discounted cash flow method, which is based on historical and forecasted amounts specific to each reporting unit and considers net sales, gross profit, income from operations and cash flows and general economic and market conditions, as well as the impact of planned business and operational strategies and other estimates and assumptions for future growth rates, working capital and capital expenditures. The Company bases its fair value estimates on assumptions it believes to be reasonable at the time, but such assumptions are subject to inherent uncertainty. Measuring the fair value of reporting units constitutes a Level 3 measurement under the fair value hierarchy. There has been no impairment of goodwill for any periods presented (see Note 7 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net ) . Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use The Company accounts for computer software systems, namely SAP Enterprise Resource Planning modules, the Company’s proprietary Distribution Center Management System (“DCMS”), and software purchased from third-party vendors, using certain criteria under which costs associated with this software are either expensed or capitalized and amortized over periods from three to seven years . During 2018 , 2017 and 2016 the Company capitalized approximately $2.0 million , $3.5 million and $7.2 million , respectively, of costs related to software developed or obtained for internal use (see Note 7 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net ). Claims Liabilities and Insurance Recoverables The Company maintains reserves related to workers’ compensation, auto, general, and health and welfare liability programs that are principally self-insured. The Company currently has a per-claim deductible of $500,000 for its workers’ compensation, auto and general liability self-insurance programs and a per-person annual claim deductible of $400,000 for its health and welfare program. The Company purchases insurance to cover the claims that exceed the deductible up to policy limits. Self-insured reserves are for pending or future claims that fall outside the policy and reserves include an estimate of expected settlements on pending claims and a provision for claims incurred but not reported. Estimates for workers’ compensation, auto and general liability insurance are based on the Company’s assessment of potential liability using an annual actuarial analysis of available information with respect to pending claims, historical experience and current cost trends. Reserves for claims under these programs are included in accrued liabilities (current portion) and claims liabilities, net of current portion on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Claims liabilities and the related recoverables from insurance carriers for estimated claims in excess of the deductible and other insured events are presented in their gross amounts on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets because there is no right of offset. The carrying values of claims liabilities and insurance recoverables are not discounted. Insurance recoverables are included in other receivables, net and other non-current assets, net. The Company had gross liabilities for workers’ compensation, auto, general, and health and welfare liability self-insurance obligations in the amounts of $30.2 million long-term and $16.4 million short-term at December 31, 2018 , and $26.3 million long-term and $15.0 million short-term at December 31, 2017 . The Company’s liabilities net of insurance recoverables were $18.9 million long-term and $14.2 million short-term at December 31, 2018 , and $15.9 million long-term and $13.3 million short-term at December 31, 2017 . Foreign Currency Translation The operating assets and liabilities of the Company’s Canadian operations, whose functional currency is the Canadian dollar, are translated to U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at period-end. Translation gains and losses are recorded in AOCI as a component of stockholders’ equity. Revenue and expenses from Canadian operations are translated using the monthly average exchange rates in effect during the period in which the transactions occur. The Company also recognizes gains or losses on foreign currency exchange transactions between its Canadian and U.S. operations, net of applicable income taxes, in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company currently does not hedge Canadian foreign currency cash flows. Risks and Concentrations Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash investments, accounts receivable and other receivables. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents in short-term instruments with high quality financial institutions and limits the amount of credit exposure in any one financial instrument. A credit review is completed for new customers and ongoing credit evaluations of each customer’s financial condition are performed periodically, with reserves maintained for potential credit losses. Credit limits given to customers are based on a risk assessment of their ability to pay and other factors. Accounts receivable are typically not collateralized, but the Company may require prepayments or other guarantees whenever deemed necessary. Murphy U.S.A., whom the Company began servicing in 2016, is the Company’s largest customer and accounted for 11.9% , 12.2% and 12.0% of total net sales in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of accounts receivable at December 31, 2018 and 2017 . The Company’s significant suppliers include Altria Group, Inc. (parent company of Philip Morris USA, Inc.) and R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. Product purchased from Altria Group Inc. accounted for approximately 33% , 35% and 35% of total product purchases in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Product purchases from R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company were approximately 23% of total product purchases in each of 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . Cigarette sales represented 66.9% , 69.4% and 71.1% of net sales in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively, and contributed 26.0% , 27.0% and 29.9% of gross profit in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Although cigarettes represent a significant portion of the Company’s total net sales, the majority of gross profit is generated from food/non-food products. Adoption of Accounting Pronouncements On March 10, 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Benefit Cost . The Company adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2018. The new guidance requires employers that sponsor defined benefit pension and other post retirement plans to present the service cost component of net benefit cost in the same income statement line item as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered. The other components of the net periodic benefit cost must be presented separately from the line item that includes the service cost component and outside of the subtotal for income from operations. Service cost continues to be recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations within selling, general and administrative expenses. This change had no impact on consolidated net income. The reclassification of other components of net periodic benefit costs were not material for the Company with the exception of the non-cash pension termination settlement during the fourth quarter of 2017 related to the termination of the defined-benefit pension plan. The 2017 pension termination settlement has been reclassified from selling, general and administrative expenses to a new financial statement line item: pension termination settlement. On February 14, 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“ASU 2018-02”). ASU 2018-02 addresses the income tax accounting treatment of the stranded tax effects within AOCI due to the newly enacted federal corporate tax rate included in the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”). The Company adopted this pronouncement on a prospective basis effective January 1, 2018 and it did not have a material impact for the Company. Additionally, ASU 2018-02 requires disclosure of the Company’s existing policy of releasing income tax effects from AOCI as individual items are adjusted. Recent Accounting Standards or Updates Not Yet Effective On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which supersedes existing lease guidance, and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The most significant among the changes in ASU 2016-02 is the recognition of right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and corresponding lease liabilities for leases classified as operating leases under current GAAP, while the accounting for capital leases remains substantially unchanged. In accordance with an accounting policy election under ASU 2016-02, the Company will not recognize assets or liabilities for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less; these short-term lease payments will be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. While ASU 2016-02 will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, we do not expect it to have a material impact on our consolidated statement of operations and cash flows, and it will have no impact on the Company’s debt-covenant compliance under the current revolving credit facility. In preparation for the adoption of the new standard, the Company has implemented internal controls and new lease software to assist with future reporting. The Company will elect the package of practical expedients within ASU 2016-02 that allows an entity to not reassess prior to the effective date (i) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, or (iii) initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company will also elect the practical expedient to combine lease and nonlease components for all asset classes. On July 30, 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements , which allows for an additional transition method to apply ASU 2016-02 prospectively at adoption date rather than at the earliest period presented. Accordingly, the Company will elect the optional transition method, which allows for a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption and the Company will not restate prior periods. The Company estimates adoption of these lease standards will result in recognition of additional net lease assets of approximately $220 million to $230 million and lease liabilities of $235 million to $245 million , as of January 1, 2019, with the difference between these amounts recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings. The lease liability will be equal to the present value of the remaining lease payments while the ROU asset will be similarly calculated and then adjusted for initial direct costs. On January 26, 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). The new guidance simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. ASU 2017-04 requires goodwill impairment to be measured as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of its goodwill. ASU 2017-04 requires prospective application and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. ASU 2017-04 will require the Company to amend its methodology for determining any goodwill impairment beginning in 2020. On August 28, 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Topic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans (“ASU 2018-14”). The new guidance removes disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant for defined benefit pension and other post-retirement benefit plans. ASU 2018-14 requires retrospective application and is effective for annual periods beginning after December |
