| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Revenue Recognition A contract with a customer exists when a customer invoice is generated. The Company considers each item on an invoice as an individual performance obligation. The Company recognizes revenue for each performance obligation when ordered items are delivered, control is transferred, and legal right of ownership passes to the customer. The Company includes fees charged to customers for shipping and handling activities in net sales and the related costs in cost of goods sold upon transfer of control of ordered products to a customer. Revenues are reported net of customer incentives, discounts and returns, including an allowance for estimated returns. The allowance for sales returns is calculated based on the Company’s returns experience, which has historically not been significant. The Company also earns management service fee revenue from operating third-party distribution centers belonging to certain customers. These revenues represented less than 1% of the Company’s total net sales for 2019 , 2018 and 2017 . Service fee revenue is recognized as earned on a monthly basis in accordance with the terms of the management service fee contracts and is included in net sales on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. See Note 17 - Segment and Geographic Information for the disaggregation of net sales for each of the two geographic areas in which the Company operates and also by major product category. Customers ’ Sales Incentives The Company provides consideration to customers, such as sales allowances or discounts, on a regular basis. Customers’ sales incentives are recorded as a reduction to net sales as each sales incentive is earned by the customer. Customer sales incentives include volume-based rebates that are accounted for as variable consideration. Additionally, the Company may provide allowances for the customers’ commitments to continue using Core-Mark as a supplier. These incentives are known as racking allowances and may be paid at the inception of the customer’s agreement or on a periodic basis. Allowances paid at the inception of the contract are deferred and amortized over the period of the distribution agreement as a reduction to sales. Vendor Rebates and Promotional Allowances Periodic payments from vendors in various forms including rebates, promotional allowances and volume discounts, are reflected in the carrying value of the related inventory when earned and in cost of goods sold when the related merchandise is sold. Up-front consideration received from vendors for purchase or other commitments is initially deferred and amortized ratably to cost of goods sold as the performance of the activities specified by the vendor is completed. Cooperative marketing incentives received from vendors to fund specific programs first offset the costs of the program, and to the extent the consideration exceeds the costs relating to the program, the excess funds are recorded as reductions to cost of goods sold. These amounts are recorded in the period the related promotional or merchandising programs are provided. Certain vendor incentive promotions require the Company to make assumptions and judgments regarding, for example, the likelihood of achieving market share levels or attaining specified levels of purchases. Vendor incentives are at the discretion of the Company’s vendors and can fluctuate due to changes in vendor strategies and market requirements. Vendor rebates and promotional allowances earned totaled $254.7 million , $237.7 million and $231.9 million in 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Excise Taxes The Company is responsible for collecting and remitting state, local and provincial excise taxes on cigarettes and other tobacco products and will continue to present excise taxes billed as part of revenue and remittances as part of cost of goods sold. These excise taxes are a significant component of the Company’s net sales and cost of goods sold. In 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , $3.3 billion , $3.5 billion and $3.5 billion , or 20% , 21% and 22% of the Company’s net sales, and 21% , 22% and 23% of its cost of goods sold, respectively, represented excise taxes. Additionally, federal excise taxes are levied on manufacturers who pass these taxes on to the Company as a portion of the product costs. As a result, federal excise taxes are not a component of the Company’s excise taxes, but are reflected in the cost of inventory until products are sold. Stock-based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation expense related to time-based restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards and performance-based awards using the grant-date fair value of the awards. For service based awards, the Company recognizes the expense using a straight-line method. For performance based awards, the Company recognizes the expense ratably when achievement of performance conditions becomes probable. Stock-based compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Stock-based compensation expense is calculated based on awards ultimately expected to vest and has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. The Company’s forfeiture experience since inception of its plans has been approximately 5% of the total grants. The historical rate of forfeiture is a component of the basis for predicting the future rate of forfeitures, which are also dependent on the remaining service period related to grants. Pension and Other Post-retirement Benefit Costs On September 14, 2016, the Board of Directors approved a motion to terminate the Company’s qualified defined-benefit pension plan. In December 2017, the Company completed the settlement with an annuity transfer to a third-party insurance company, who will be responsible for all remaining payments to plan participants. At settlement, the Company recognized a non-cash charge in pension termination settlement expenses within the consolidated statements of operations related to unrecognized actuarial losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) of $17.2 million (see Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plans ) . Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities, their respective tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when the Company does not consider it more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. The Company has established an estimated liability for income tax exposures that arise and meet the criteria for accrual. The Company prepares and files tax returns based on its interpretation of tax laws and regulations and records estimates based on these judgments and interpretations. In the normal course of business, the Company’s tax returns are subject to examination by various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in future tax and interest assessments by these taxing authorities. Inherent uncertainties exist in estimates of tax contingencies due to changes in tax law resulting from legislation, regulation and/or as concluded through the various jurisdictions’ tax court systems. The Company classifies interest and penalties related to income taxes as income tax expense. Additionally, the Company releases income tax effects from AOCI as individual items are adjusted (see Note 11 - Income Taxes ). Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during each period, excluding unvested RSUs and performance shares. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by weighted-average shares outstanding including common stock equivalents. Common stock equivalents include RSUs and performance-based share awards, if the impact of the individual awards is dilutive, using the treasury stock method (see Note 13 - Earnings Per Share ) . Cash, Cash Equivalents and Book Overdrafts Cash and cash equivalents include cash, money market funds and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company had book overdrafts of $23.9 million and $49.4 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Book overdrafts consist primarily of outstanding checks in excess of cash on hand in the corresponding bank accounts at the end of the period. The Company’s policy has been to fund these outstanding checks as they clear with cash held on deposit with other financial institutions or with borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility. The Company has presented its cash balances in the consolidated balance sheets net of book overdrafts. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable consists of trade receivables from customers. The Company evaluates the collectability of accounts receivable and determines the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience and a review of specific customer accounts. Account balances are charged against the allowance when collection efforts have been exhausted and the receivable is deemed uncollectible (see Note 4 - Other Consolidated Balance Sheet Accounts Detail ). Other Receivables Other receivables consist primarily of amounts due from vendors for promotional and other incentives, which are accrued as earned. The Company evaluates the collectability of amounts due from vendors and determines the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience and a review of specific amounts outstanding (see Note 4 - Other Consolidated Balance Sheet Accounts Detail ). Inventories Inventories consist of finished goods, including cigarettes and other tobacco products, food and other consumable products held for re-sale and are valued at the lower of cost or market. In the Company’s U.S. divisions, cost is determined primarily on a last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) basis. The Company uses the link-chain dollar value LIFO method. The inventory price index computation (“IPIC”) is used to calculate LIFO inflation indices, for which the LIFO inflation source is the producer price indices (“PPI”) published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (“BLS”). The Company uses the IPIC pooling method, for which LIFO pools are established for each PPI in accordance with current regulations. When the Company is aware of material price increases or decreases from manufacturers, the Company estimates the PPI for the respective period if it determines the price increase is not fully reflected in the PPI in order to more accurately reflect inflation rates. Under the LIFO method, current costs of goods sold are matched against current sales. Inventories in the Company’s Canadian divisions are valued on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis, as LIFO is not a permitted inventory valuation method in Canada. Approximately 89% and 87% of the Company’s inventory was valued on a LIFO basis at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. The Company reduces inventory value for spoiled, aged and unrecoverable inventory based on amounts on-hand and historical experience (see Note 5 - Inventories , Net ). Fair Value Measurements The Company’s financial assets and liabilities are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. The carrying amount of cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, other receivables, trade accounts payable, cigarette and tobacco taxes payable and other accrued liabilities approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these financial instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s variable rate debt approximates fair value. The Company calculates the fair value of certain assets related to acquisitions, investments and impairment evaluations using a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value and gives precedence to observable inputs in determining fair value. An instrument’s level within the hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any significant input to the fair value measurement. The following levels were established for each input: • Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. • Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which reflect the Company’s own assumptions about what market participants would assume when pricing the asset or liability. Business Combinations The Company accounts for all business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, which allocates the fair value of the purchase consideration to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. When determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, management makes significant estimates and assumptions. Management may further adjust the acquisition date fair values for a period of up to one year from the date of acquisition. Acquisition-related expenses and transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred (see Note 3 - Acquisition s ). Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization on new purchases is computed using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the property or the term of the lease, including available renewal option terms if it is reasonably assured that those options will be exercised. Upon retirement or sale, the cost and related accumulated depreciation of the assets are removed and any related gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred (see Note 6 - Property and Equipment, Net ). The Company uses the following depreciable lives for its property and equipment: Useful Life in Years Office furniture and equipment 3-10 Delivery equipment 4-10 Warehouse equipment 5-15 Leasehold improvements 3-25 Buildings 15-25 Other Long-lived Assets Intangible assets with definite lives are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the following lives: Useful Life in Years Customer relationships 9-15 Non-competition agreements 1-5 Trade names 1-2 Internally developed and other purchased software 3-7 The Company reviews its long-lived assets for indicators of impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. An impairment of long-lived assets exists when the carrying amount of a long-lived asset, or asset group, exceeds its fair value, and impairment losses are recorded when the carrying amount of the impaired asset is not recoverable. Recoverability is determined by comparing the carrying amount of the asset (or asset group) to the undiscounted cash flows which are expected to be generated from its use, a Level 3 measurement under the fair value hierarchy. The Company has determined that it has four asset groups based on a review of its assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. The determination of asset groups primarily considers revenue inter-dependencies related to larger chain customer agreements which are serviced by multiple distribution centers. During 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , the Company did not record impairment charges related to long-lived assets (see Note 6 - Property and Equipment, Net and Note 8 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net ). Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually as of October 1 or whenever events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying amount. The Company’s reporting units are its U.S. operations and Canadian operations. Whenever events or circumstances change, the Company assesses the related qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. The tests to evaluate goodwill for impairment are performed at the reporting unit level. In the first step of the quantitative impairment test, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company performs a second step to determine the implied fair value of goodwill associated with the reporting unit. If the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill, such excess represents the amount of goodwill for which an impairment loss would be recorded. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. The estimated fair value of each reporting unit is based on the discounted cash flow method, which is based on historical and forecasted amounts specific to each reporting unit and considers net sales, gross profit, income from operations and cash flows and general economic and market conditions, as well as the impact of planned business and operational strategies and other estimates and assumptions for future growth rates, working capital and capital expenditures. The Company bases its fair value estimates on assumptions it believes to be reasonable at the time, but such assumptions are subject to inherent uncertainty. Measuring the fair value of reporting units constitutes a Level 3 measurement under the fair value hierarchy. There has been no impairment of goodwill for any periods presented (see Note 8 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net ) . Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use The Company accounts for computer software systems, namely SAP Enterprise Resource Planning modules, the Company’s proprietary Distribution Center Management System (“DCMS”), and software purchased from third-party vendors, using certain criteria under which costs associated with this software are either expensed or capitalized and amortized over periods from three to seven years . During 2019 , 2018 and 2017 the Company capitalized $6.2 million , $2.0 million and $3.5 million , respectively, of costs related to software developed or obtained for internal use (see Note 8 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net ). Claims Liabilities and Insurance Recoverables The Company maintains reserves related to workers’ compensation, auto, general, and health and welfare liability programs that are principally self-insured. The Company currently has a per-claim deductible of $500,000 for its workers’ compensation, auto and general liability self-insurance programs and a per-person annual claim deductible of $400,000 for its health and welfare program. The Company purchases insurance to cover the claims that exceed the deductible up to policy limits. Self-insured reserves are for pending or future claims that fall outside the policy and reserves include an estimate of expected settlements on pending claims and a provision for claims incurred but not reported. Estimates for workers’ compensation, auto and general liability insurance are based on the Company’s assessment of potential liability using an annual actuarial analysis of available information with respect to pending claims, historical experience and current cost trends. Reserves for claims under these programs are included in accrued liabilities (current portion) and claims liabilities, net of current portion on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Claims liabilities and the related recoverables from insurance carriers for estimated claims in excess of the deductible and other insured events are presented in their gross amounts on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets because there is no right of offset. The carrying values of claims liabilities and insurance recoverables are not discounted. Insurance recoverables are included in other receivables, net and other non-current assets, net. The Company had gross liabilities for workers’ compensation, auto, general, and health and welfare liability self-insurance obligations in the amounts of $36.1 million long-term and $20.4 million short-term at December 31, 2019 , and $30.2 million long-term and $16.4 million short-term at December 31, 2018 . The Company’s liabilities net of insurance recoverables were $21.7 million long-term and $17.3 million short-term at December 31, 2019 , and $18.9 million long-term and $14.2 million short-term at December 31, 2018 . Foreign Currency Translation The operating assets and liabilities of the Company’s Canadian operations, whose functional currency is the Canadian dollar, are translated to U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at period-end. Translation gains and losses are recorded in AOCI as a component of stockholders’ equity. Revenue and expenses from Canadian operations are translated using the monthly average exchange rates in effect during the period in which the transactions occur. The Company also recognizes gains or losses on foreign currency exchange transactions between its Canadian and U.S. operations, net of applicable income taxes, in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company currently does not hedge Canadian foreign currency cash flows. Risks and Concentrations Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash investments, accounts receivable and other receivables. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents in short-term instruments with high quality financial institutions and limits the amount of credit exposure in any one financial instrument. A credit review is completed for new customers and ongoing credit evaluations of each customer’s financial condition are performed periodically, with reserves maintained for potential credit losses. Credit limits given to customers are based on a risk assessment of their ability to pay and other factors. Accounts receivable are typically not collateralized, but the Company may require prepayments or other guarantees whenever deemed necessary. Murphy U.S.A. is the Company’s largest customer and accounted for 12.5% , 11.9% and 12.2% of total net sales in 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of accounts receivable at December 31, 2019 and 2018 . The Company’s significant suppliers include Altria Group, Inc. (parent company of Philip Morris USA, Inc.) and R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. Product purchased from Altria Group, Inc. accounted for 32% , 33% and 35% of total product purchases in 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Product purchases from R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company were 22% of total product purchases in 2019 , and 23% in both 2018 and 2017 . Cigarette sales represented 65.3% , 66.9% and 69.4% of net sales in 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and contributed 23.0% , 26.0% and 27.0% of gross profit in 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Although cigarettes represent a significant portion of the Company’s total net sales, the majority of gross profit is generated from food/non-food products. Adoption of Accounting Pronouncements On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which supersedes the lease accounting requirements in ASC 840. The most significant among the changes in ASU 2016-02 is the recognition of right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and corresponding lease liabilities for leases classified as operating leases. The accounting for finance leases, which were classified as capital leases under historical GAAP, remains substantially unchanged. The lease liabilities are equal to the present value of the remaining lease payments while the ROU asset is determined based on the amount of the lease liability, plus initial direct costs incurred less lease incentives. The Company elected the modified retrospective transition method to apply ASU 2016-02 effective January 1, 2019, which resulted in recognition of additional lease assets of $232.1 million , lease liabilities of $244.9 million , and a decrease of deferred rent recorded under ASC 840 of $12.8 million . Comparative periods presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements prior to January 1, 2019 continue to be presented under ASC 840. The Company has implemented internal controls and new lease software to assist with future reporting. ASU 2016-02 does not have an impact on the Company’s debt-covenant compliance under its current revolving credit facility. In accordance with an accounting policy election under ASU 2016-02, the Company does not recognize assets or liabilities for leases with an initial term of twelve months or less; these short-term lease payments are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company elected the package of practical expedients within ASU 2016-02 that allows an entity to not reassess, prior to the effective date, (i) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, or (iii) initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company also elected the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components for all asset classes. Recent Accounting Standards or Updates Not Yet Effective On June 16, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). The new guidance replaces the current incurred loss impairment approach with a methodology that incorporates all expected credit loss estimates, resulting in more timely recognition of losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, although early adoption is permitted. The Company has determined the adoption of ASU 2016-13 and all subsequent amendments will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. On January 26, 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). The new guidance simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. ASU 2017-04 requires goodwill impairment to be measured as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of its goodwill. ASU 2017-04 requires prospective application and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. ASU 2017-04 will require the Company to amend its methodology for determining any goodwill impairment beginning in 2020. On August 28, 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Topic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans (“ASU 2018-14”). The new guidance removes disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant for defined benefit pension and other post-retirement benefit plans. ASU 2018-14 requires retrospective application and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company has determined that ASU 2018-14 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. On December 18, 2019 the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). The new guidance enhances and simplifies various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance, including requirements pertaining to hybrid tax regimes, ownership changes in investments, and interim-period accounting for enacted changes in tax law. ASU 2019-12 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company has determined that ASU 2019-12 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. |
