Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 23, 2020
1933 Act Registration File No. 333-________
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-14
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 [X]
[ ] | Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ___ |
[ ] | Post-Effective Amendment No. | ___ |
(Check appropriate box or boxes.)
INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
235 West Galena Street
Milwaukee, WI 53212-3948
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (626) 385-5777
Diane J. Drake
Mutual Fund Administration, LLC
2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226
Glendora, CA 91740
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copy to:
Laurie Dee
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
600 Anton Boulevard, Suite 1800
Costa Mesa, CA 92626-7653
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the Registration Statement becomes effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Title of Securities Being Registered:
Riverbridge Growth Fund – Investor Class and Institutional Class
No filing fee is required because an indefinite number of shares have previously been registered pursuant to Rule 24f-2 under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
It is proposed that this filing will become effective on Friday, January 22, 2021, pursuant to Rule 488 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST
Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund
235 West Galena Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212
1-888-447-4470
[ ]
Dear Valued Shareholder:
A Special Meeting of Shareholders of the Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund (the “Acquired Fund”), a series of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Trust”), has been scheduled for [ ], 2021 (the “Special Meeting”). At the Special Meeting, shareholders of the Acquired Fund will be asked to consider a proposal to approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the “Reorganization Agreement”) providing for the transfer of all of the assets of the Acquired Fund to the Riverbridge Growth Fund (the “Acquiring Fund” and together with the Acquired Fund, the “Funds”), also a separate series of the Trust, in exchange for shares of the Acquiring Fund and the assumption of all of the liabilities of the Acquired Fund by the Acquiring Fund, and the subsequent distribution of the shares of the Acquiring Fund in liquidation of the Acquired Fund (the “Reorganization”).
In the Reorganization, each Acquired Fund shareholder will receive shares of each class of the Acquiring Fund corresponding to a class of shares of the Acquired Fund that such shareholder holds immediately prior to the Reorganization having the same aggregate net asset value as that of the Acquired Fund shares of that class that such shareholder holds immediately prior to the time of the Reorganization. Shares will be exchanged as follows:
Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund | | Riverbridge Growth Fund |
Investor Class Shares | → | Investor Class Shares |
Institutional Class Shares | → | Institutional Class Shares |
The Reorganization generally is not expected to result in the recognition of gain or loss by the Acquired Fund or its shareholders for federal income tax purposes. No sales charges or redemption fees will be imposed in connection with the Reorganization. If the Reorganization Agreement is not approved, then the Reorganization of the Acquired Fund will not be implemented. In such case, the Board will consider what further actions to take with respect to the Acquired Fund, including potentially approving the liquidation of the Acquired Fund. After careful consideration, for the reasons discussed in the attached Proxy Statement/Prospectus, and based on the recommendation of the Acquired Fund’s investment advisor, Riverbridge Partners, LLC (“Riverbridge”), the Board has approved the Reorganization and the solicitation of Acquired Fund shareholders to approve the Reorganization Agreement.
The attached Proxy Statement/Prospectus is designed to give you more information about the proposal. If you have any questions regarding the proposal to be voted on, please do not hesitate to call 1-888-447-4470. Shareholders of record of the Acquired Fund as of the close of business on [ ], are entitled to vote on the proposal at the Special Meeting and at any adjournment thereof. While you are, of course, welcome to join us at the Special Meeting, we expect that most shareholders will cast their votes by filling out and signing the enclosed proxy card.
Whether or not you are planning to attend the Special Meeting, we need your vote. Please submit your vote via the options listed on your proxy card. You can mark, sign and date the enclosed proxy card and promptly return it in the enclosed, postage-paid envelope so that the maximum number of shares may be voted. You should follow the enclosed instructions on your proxy card as to how to vote, which includes calling the toll-free number on your proxy card to vote by telephone. You may revoke your proxy before it is exercised at the Special Meeting, either by writing to the Secretary of the Trust at the address noted in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus or in person at the time of the Special Meeting. A prior proxy vote can also be revoked by voting the proxy at a later date through the toll-free number or the Internet address listed in the enclosed voting instructions.
We are concerned about your health and safety during the current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and we intend to monitor the recommendations of public health officials and governmental restrictions as the situation continues to evolve. If we decide to hold the Special Meeting at a different time or in a different location, we will make an announcement in the manner discussed in these materials. Thank you for taking the time to consider this important proposal and for your continuing investment in the Acquired Fund.
Sincerely,
Maureen Quill
Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund
a series of Investment Managers Series Trust
235 W. Galena Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212
1-888-447-4470
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
TO BE HELD [ ], 2021
Investment Managers Series Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”), will hold a Special Meeting of Shareholders (the “Special Meeting”) of the Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund (the “Acquired Fund”) on [ ], 2021 at the offices of Mutual Fund Administration, LLC, 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226, Glendora, California 91740, at 10:00 a.m. local time. As we are concerned about your health and safety during the current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, we intend to monitor the recommendations of public health officials and governmental restrictions as the situation continues to evolve. If we decide to hold the Special Meeting at a different time or in a different location we plan to announce any such updates on our proxy website [ ], and we encourage you to check this website prior to the Special Meeting if you plan to attend. Accordingly, we encourage you to consider your other voting options, in the event that in-person attendance at the Special Meeting is either prohibited under a federal, state or local order or contrary to the advice of public health care officials.
At the Special Meeting, shareholders of the Acquired Fund will be asked to consider and vote upon the proposals below.
| 1. | Approval of an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization providing for (i) the transfer of all of the assets of the Acquired Fund to the Riverbridge Growth Fund (the “Acquiring Fund”)a separate series of the Trust, in exchange for (a) shares of the Acquiring Fund with an aggregate net asset value (“NAV”) per class equal to the aggregate NAV of the corresponding class of shares of the Acquired Fund, and (b) the Acquiring Fund’s assumption of all of the liabilities of the Acquired Fund, followed by (ii) the liquidating distribution by the Acquired Fund to its shareholders of the shares of the Acquiring Fund received in the exchange in proportion, on a class by class basis, to the shareholders’ respective holdings of shares of the Acquired Fund; and |
| 2. | The transaction of such other business as may properly come before the Special Meeting or any continuations after an adjournment thereof. |
Shareholders of record of the Acquired Fund at the close of business on [ ], the record date for this Special Meeting, will be entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Special Meeting or any postponements or continuations after an adjournment thereof.
As a shareholder, you are asked to attend the Special Meeting either in person or by proxy. If you are unable to attend the Special Meeting in person, we urge you to authorize proxies to cast your votes, commonly referred to as “proxy voting”. Whether or not you expect to attend the Special Meeting, please submit your vote via the options listed on your proxy card. You may vote by completing, dating and signing your proxy card and mailing it in the enclosed postage prepaid envelope, by calling the toll-free number on your proxy card to vote by telephone or, if available, by voting through the internet. Your prompt voting by proxy will help assure a quorum at the Special Meeting. Voting by proxy will not prevent you from voting your shares in person at the Special Meeting. You may revoke your proxy before it is exercised at the Special Meeting, either by writing to the Secretary of the Trust at the address noted in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus or in person at the time of the Special Meeting. A prior proxy can also be revoked by voting your proxy at a later date through the toll-free number or the Internet website address listed in the enclosed voting instructions or submitting a later dated proxy card.
By Order of the Board of Trustees of Investment Managers Series Trust
Maureen Quill
Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund
a series of Investment Managers Series Trust
235 W. Galena Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212
1-888-447-4470
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT!
Question: Why is the Trust having the Special Meeting?
Answer: The Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) is recommending that shareholders of the Acquired Fund approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the “Reorganization Agreement”) that provides for the transfer of all of the assets of the Acquired Fund to the Acquiring Fund in exchange for shares of the Acquiring Fund and the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of all of the liabilities of the Acquired Fund, and the subsequent distribution of those Acquiring Fund shares by the Acquired Fund in liquidation of the Acquired Fund (collectively, the “Reorganization”). Each class of shares of the Acquiring Fund will be distributed to shareholders of the corresponding class of the Acquired Fund. The shares of the Acquiring Fund that you receive in the Reorganization will have an aggregate net asset value equal to the aggregate net asset value of your shares of the Acquired Fund immediately prior to the Reorganization.
This combined proxy/registration statement (the “Proxy Statement”) is being provided to you by the Trust in connection with the solicitation of proxies to vote to approve the proposal. This document includes a Notice of Special Meeting of Shareholders, the Proxy Statement and a proxy card. The Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund are each sometimes referred to below as a “Fund” and, collectively, as the “Funds.”
Question: When and where is the Special Meeting to be held?
It is intended that the Special Meeting be held on [ ], 2021 at the offices of Mutual Fund Administration, LLC, 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226, Glendora, California 91740, at 11:00 a.m. local time. As we are concerned about your health and safety during the current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, we intend to monitor the recommendations of public health officials and governmental restrictions as the situation continues to evolve. If we decide to hold the Special Meeting at a different time or in a different location we plan to announce any such updates on our proxy website [ ], and we encourage you to check this website prior to the Special Meeting if you plan to attend.
Question: What is the purpose of the Reorganization?
Answer: The primary purpose of the Reorganization is to consolidate the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund, separate series of the Trust with the same investment objectives, substantially similar strategies and policies, and the same portfolio managers, into a larger combined fund. Riverbridge Partners, LLC (“Riverbridge”), each Fund’s investment advisor, recommended the Reorganization after considering the current assets of each Fund; the current management fees and operating expenses of each Fund (both before and after waivers and expense reimbursements); the compatibility of the investment objectives, policies and strategies of each Fund; the historical performance of each Fund; and the potential for a combined Fund to grow and achieve economies of scale. In particular, Riverbridge believes the Reorganization will provide Acquired Fund shareholders the opportunity to (1) invest in a fund with the same objective and substantially similar policies and strategies as the Acquired Fund, and total operating expenses (both before and after waivers) that are expected to be no higher than those of the Acquired Fund, and (2) potentially benefit over time from the possible operating efficiencies and economies of scale that may result from combining the assets of the Acquired Fund with the assets of the Acquiring Fund. Based on the recommendation of Riverbridge, the Board of Trustees of the Trust has approved the Reorganization.
Question: How will the Reorganization work?
Answer: The Reorganization Agreement sets forth the key features of the Reorganization. The Reorganization Agreement provides for: (i) the transfer of all the assets of the Acquired Fund to the Acquiring Fund in exchange for (a) the number of full and fractional shares of each class of Acquiring Fund shares corresponding to an outstanding class of shares of the Acquired Fund with an aggregate net asset value equal to the aggregate net asset value of the Acquired Fund attributable to that class of shares of the Acquired Fund immediately prior to the transfer and (b) the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of all of the Acquired Fund’s liabilities; and (ii) the liquidating distribution by the Acquired Fund to its shareholders of each class of shares of the Acquiring Fund received in proportion to their respective holdings of the corresponding class of shares of the Acquired Fund. Investor Class and Institutional Class Shares of the Acquired Fund will be exchanged for Investor Class and Institutional Class Shares of the Acquiring Fund, respectively, in the Reorganization.
The Reorganization generally is not expected to result in the recognition of gain or loss by either the Acquired Fund or its shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Acquiring Fund will be the accounting survivor following the Reorganization. The Reorganization is expected to be completed on or about [ ], 2021 (the “Closing Date”).
Question: How will the Reorganization affect the fees and expenses I pay as a shareholder of the Acquired Fund?
Answer: After the Reorganization, the Acquiring Fund fees and expenses (after waivers) are expected to be approximately the same as, but no higher than, those of the Acquired Fund. The management fee for the Acquiring Fund is 0.75%, which is the same management fee currently paid by the Acquired Fund. The total annual fund operating expenses (before fee waivers and expense reimbursements) of the Acquiring Fund as of October 31, 2020 were lower than those of the Acquired Fund. In addition, with respect to each Fund, Riverbridge has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses to ensure that the total annual fund operating expenses (excluding as applicable, taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 1.21% and 0.96% of the average daily net assets of each Fund’s Investor Class and Institutional Class Shares, respectively,. This agreement is in effect until March 31, 2021, with respect to Acquiring Fund and until March 31, 2030, with respect to the Acquired Fund. If the Reorganization is completed, Riverbridge has agreed to maintain this limitation with respect to the Acquiring Fund for a period of at least two years following the Reorganization. Please see “Comparison Fee Table and Examples” in the Proxy Statement for more information about the fees and expenses of the Acquiring Fund.
Question: What class of shares will I receive?
Answer: Acquired Fund shareholders will receive shares of the same class of the Acquiring Fund as they hold of the Acquired Fund as of the Closing Date.
Question: How do the Funds’ investment objectives and strategies compare?
Answer: The Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund have the same investment objective, which is to seek long term capital appreciation. The Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund have substantially similar, but not identical, investment strategies. The primary difference is that the Acquired Fund’s strategy includes a policy to invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of “Eco Leader” companies, which are companies that Riverbridge, the Acquired Fund’s advisor, believes are transformational and ethical (i.e., companies that position themselves for sustainable market leadership, long-term growth, and capital appreciation), while demonstrating environmental stewardship, social responsibility and corporate governance best practices. Although the Acquiring Fund’s strategy does not include this policy, the Acquiring Fund focuses its investments on similar companies. As a result, the Reorganization is not expected to materially change the way Acquired Fund shareholders’ investments are managed.
Each Fund primarily invests in equity securities. Each Fund’s investments in equity securities may include common stock, preferred stock and convertible securities. While both Funds invest primarily in equity securities of U.S. issuers, each Fund may also invest in securities of foreign (i.e., non-U.S.) issuers. Both Funds may invest in companies of any size, including small- and mid-capitalization companies. In addition, both Funds invest in a portfolio of securities typically spread across many economic sectors, although from time to time, the Fund may have significant portion of its assets in one or more market sectors such as the industrials and/or information technology sector.
Question: Who will manage the Acquiring Fund after the Reorganization?
Answer: Riverbridge currently serves as the investment advisor to each Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement that contains identical terms for each Fund. Each Fund is managed by an investment committee of Riverbridge consisting of Mark A. Thompson and Rick D. Moulton, CFA. Following the Reorganization, Riverbridge will continue to serve as investment advisor and Messrs. Thompson and Moulton will continue to serve as portfolio managers to the Acquiring Fund.
Question: How do the management and other service providers of the Funds compare?
Answer: Each Fund is overseen by the same Board and officers. Listed in the chart below are other key service providers to the Funds, including the co-administrators, distributor, transfer agent, auditor and custodian. There will be no changes in these service providers following the Reorganization.
Administrator | Mutual Fund Administration, LLC 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226 Glendora, California 91740 UMB Fund Services, Inc. 235 W. Galena Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 |
Distributor | IMST Distributors, LLC Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, Maine 04101 |
Transfer Agent | UMB Fund Services, Inc. 235 W. Galena Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 |
Auditor | Tait, Weller & Baker LLP 50 South 16th Street, Suite 2900 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102 |
Custodian | UMB Bank, n.a. 928 Grand Boulevard, 5th Floor Kansas City, Missouri 64106 |
Question: How do the Funds’ purchase and redemption procedures and exchange policies compare?
Answer: The purchase and redemption procedures and exchange policies for the Acquired Fund are the same as those of the Acquiring Fund.
Question: What is the tax impact on my investment?
Answer: The Reorganization generally is not expected to result in recognition of gain or loss by the Acquired Fund or its shareholders for federal income tax purposes. As a condition to the closing of the Reorganization, the Acquiring Fund and the Acquired Fund will obtain an opinion of counsel regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganization. This opinion will be filed with the SEC after the close of the Reorganization and available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Question: Will there be any repositioning costs?
Answer: The Funds do not expect any repositioning costs in connection with the Reorganization.
Question: What will happen if shareholders do not approve the Proposal?
Answer: If the shareholders of the Acquired Fund do not approve the proposed Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be implemented. In such case, the Board will consider what further actions to take with respect to the Acquired Fund, including potentially approving the liquidation of the Acquired Fund.
Question: Why do I need to vote?
Answer: Your vote is needed to ensure that a quorum is present at the Special Meeting so that the proposal can be acted upon. Your immediate response on the enclosed proxy card (or by telephone or Internet) will help prevent the need for any further solicitations for a shareholder vote, which will result in additional expenses. Your vote is very important to us regardless of the amount of shares you own.
Question: What does the Board of Trustees recommend on the Proposal?
Answer: After careful consideration and upon the recommendation of Riverbridge, the Board unanimously approved the proposal and recommends that shareholders vote to approve the Reorganization.
Question: Who is paying for expenses related to the Special Meeting and the Reorganization?
Answer: Whether or not the Reorganization is consummated, Riverbridge will pay the costs associated with the Reorganization, Special Meeting, and solicitation of proxies. The costs and expenses to be borne by Riverbridge include, without limitation: (a) expenses associated with the preparation and filing of the N-14 Registration Statement; (b) postage; (c) printing; (d) accounting fees; (e) audit and legal fees, including fees of the counsel to the Trust and counsel to the Independent Trustees of the Trust; (f) solicitation costs of the transactions; (g) any costs associated with meetings of the Funds’ Board of Trustees relating to the transactions contemplated herein; and (h) any additional costs that Riverbridge may separately agree to in writing. In addition to solicitations by mail, Riverbridge also may solicit proxies, without special compensation, by telephone or otherwise. The Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund will not bear any of the costs associated with the Reorganization.
Question: How do I cast my vote?
Answer: You may vote according to the instructions provided on your proxy card. You may vote by telephone using the toll-free number found on your proxy card. You may also use the enclosed postage-paid envelope to mail your proxy card. You may also vote via the Internet. Please follow the enclosed instructions to use these methods of voting. We encourage you to vote by telephone or via the Internet. Use of telephone or Internet voting will reduce the time and costs associated with this proxy solicitation.
Question: Who do I call if I have questions?
Answer: Please call [ ] if you have any questions regarding the proposal. Representatives are available Monday through Friday [9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Eastern Time].
The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Combined Proxy Statement and Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
COMBINED PROXY STATEMENT AND PROSPECTUS
[ ], 2021
Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund
a series of Investment Managers Series Trust
235 W. Galena Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212
1-888-447-4470
This Combined Proxy Statement and Prospectus (this “Proxy Statement”) is being sent to you in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Trust”) for use at a Special Meeting of Shareholders (the “Special Meeting”) of the Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund, a series of the Trust (the “Acquired Fund”), to be held at the offices of Mutual Fund Administration, LLC 2220 E. Route 66, Glendora California 91740, on [ ], 2021 at 11:00 a.m. local time. As we are concerned about your health and safety during the current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, we intend to monitor the recommendations of public health officials and governmental restrictions as the situation continues to evolve. If we decide to hold the Special Meeting at a different time, in a different location, we plan to announce any such updates on our proxy website [ ], and we encourage you to check this website prior to the Special Meeting if you plan to attend.
At the Special Meeting, shareholders of the Acquired Fund will be asked to consider and vote upon the proposals below.
| 1. | Approval of an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization providing for (i) the transfer of all of the assets of the Acquired Fund to the Riverbridge Growth Fund, a separate series of the Trust (the “Acquiring Fund”), in exchange for (a) shares of the Acquiring Fund with an aggregate net asset value (“NAV”) per class equal to the aggregate NAV of the corresponding class of shares of the Acquired Fund, and (b) the Acquiring Fund’s assumption of all of the liabilities of the Acquired Fund, followed by (ii) the liquidating distribution by the Acquired Fund to its shareholders of the shares of the Acquiring Fund received in the exchange in proportion, on a class by class basis, to the shareholders’ respective holdings of shares of the Acquired Fund; and |
| 2. | The transaction of such other business as may properly come before the Special Meeting or any continuations after an adjournment thereof. |
Shareholders who execute proxies may revoke them at any time before they are voted, either by writing to the Trust, in person (or via a virtual meeting, if applicable) at the time of the Special Meeting, by voting the proxy at a later date through the toll-free number or through the Internet address listed in the enclosed voting instructions or by submitting a later dated proxy card. If your shares are held in the name of a brokerage firm, bank, nominee or other institution, you should provide instructions to your broker, bank, nominee or other institution on how to vote your shares. If you hold your shares in the name of a brokerage firm, bank, nominee or other institution, you must provide a legal proxy from that institution in order to vote your shares in person (or via a virtual meeting, if applicable) at the Special Meeting.
The Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund are series of the Trust, an open-end management investment company registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and organized as a Delaware statutory trust.
The following documents have been filed with the SEC and are incorporated by reference into this Proxy Statement (which means these documents are considered legally to be part of this Proxy Statement):
The Acquired Fund’s and Acquiring Fund’s Prospectus dated April 1, 2020, Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2019, containing audited financial statements, and Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders for the period ended May 31, 2020, containing unaudited financial statements, have been previously mailed to shareholders of the respective Fund. Copies of these documents are available upon request and without charge by writing to the Trust or by calling 1-888-447-4470.
This Proxy Statement sets forth the basic information you should know before voting on the proposal and before investing. You should read it and keep it for future reference. Additional information is set forth in the Statement of Additional Information dated [ ], 2021 (the “SAI”), relating to this Proxy Statement, which is also incorporated by reference into this Proxy Statement. The SAI and additional information about the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund have been filed with the SEC and is available upon request and without charge by calling [ ] or writing to the Acquired Fund at 235 W. Galena Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212. The Trust expects that this Proxy Statement will be mailed to shareholders on or about [ ].
Important Notice Regarding Availability of Proxy Materials for the Meeting to be Held on [ ], 2021. This Proxy Statement is available on the Internet at [ ]. If you need any assistance, or have any questions regarding the proposal or how to vote your shares, please call [ ]. Representatives are available Monday through Friday [9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Eastern Time].
PLEASE NOTE: If it is determined that the Special Meeting will be held at a different time or in a different location we plan to announce any such updates on our proxy website [ ], and we encourage you to check this website prior to the Special Meeting if you plan to attend. You do not need to attend the Special Meeting if you submit your vote on the proposal by proxy promptly.
Date: [ ], 2021
The shares offered by this Combined Proxy Statement and Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. An investment in the Acquiring Fund involves investment risk, including the possible loss of principal.
Table of Contents
I. | Proposal - To Approve the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization | 4 |
A. | Overview | 4 |
B. | Comparison Fee Tables and Examples | 5 |
C. | Comparison of the The Funds’ Investment Objectives, Principal Investment Strategies and Risks | 10 |
D. | Comparison of Investment Restrictions | 14 |
E. | Comparison of Investment Advisory Agreement and Portfolio Managers for the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund | 15 |
F. | Information on Shareholder Rights | 17 |
G. | Comparison of Distribution, Purchase and Redemption Procedures, Rule 12b-1 Distribution Plan and Shareholder Service Fee | 18 |
H. | Key Information About the Reorganization | 19 |
I. | Comparison of Performance Information | 25 |
II. | Voting Information | 27 |
A. | General Information | 27 |
B. | Method and Cost of Solicitation | 29 |
C. | Right to Revoke Proxy | 29 |
D. | Shareholders Entitled to Vote and Principal Holders | 29 |
E. | Interest of Certain Persons in the Transaction | 31 |
III. | Miscellaneous Information | 31 |
A. | Other Business | 31 |
B. | Next Meeting of Shareholders | 31 |
C. | Legal Matters | 31 |
D. | Auditors | 31 |
E. | Information Filed with the SEC | 32 |
APPENDIX A – Form of Agreement and Plan of Reorganization | A-1 |
APPENDIX B – More Information about the Acquiring Fund | B-1 |
APPENDIX C – Financial Highlights of the Acquired Fund | C-1 |
I. | Proposal - To Approve the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization |
Based on the recommendation of Riverbridge Partners, LLC, the investment advisor for the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund, the Board has called the Special Meeting to ask shareholders of the Acquired Fund to consider and vote on an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the “Reorganization Agreement”) that provides for the transfer of all of the assets of the Acquired Fund to the Acquiring Fund in exchange for shares of the Acquiring Fund and the assumption of all of the liabilities of the Acquired Fund by the Acquiring Fund (the “Reorganization”). The Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund are each sometimes referred to below as a “Fund” and, collectively, as the “Funds.” The Board (including a majority of the independent trustees, meaning those trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust as that term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”)) believes that the Reorganization is in the best interests of the Acquired Fund and its shareholders and that the interests of existing shareholders of the Acquired Fund will not be diluted as a result of the Reorganization. The Board considered, discussed and approved the Reorganization on December [ ], 2020, subject to the approval of the Acquired Fund’s shareholders.
The Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund have the same investment objective and substantially similar policies and strategies, as described in more detail below. After the Reorganization, Riverbridge will continue to serve as the Acquiring Fund’s investment advisor with the same portfolio managers that are currently responsible for the day-to-day management of both Funds. Riverbridge recommended the Reorganization after considering the current assets of each Fund; the current management fees and operating expenses of each Fund (both before and after waivers and expense reimbursements); the compatibility of the investment objectives, policies and strategies of each Fund; the historical performance of each Fund; and the potential for a combined Fund to grow and achieve economies of scale. In particular, Riverbridge believes the Reorganization will provide Acquired Fund shareholders the opportunity to (1) invest in a fund with the same objective and substantially similar policies and strategies as the Acquired Fund, and total operating expenses (both before and after waivers) that are expected to be no higher than those of the Acquired Fund, and (2) potentially benefit from the possible operating efficiencies and economies of scale that may result from combining the assets of the Acquired Fund with the Acquiring Fund. Based on the recommendation of Riverbridge, the Board of Trustees of the Trust has approved the Reorganization.
Each Fund currently operates as a separate series of the Trust. If the Reorganization Agreement is approved by the shareholders of the Acquired Fund, each shareholder of the Acquired Fund will receive shares of each class of the Acquiring Fund corresponding to a class of shares of the Acquired Fund having an aggregate net asset value equal to the aggregate net asset value of the shares of that class of the Acquired Fund that the shareholder owns as of the close of business on a closing date agreed to by the parties to the Reorganization Agreement (referred to herein as the “Closing Date”).
The Trust believes that the Reorganization will constitute a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The closing of the Reorganization is conditioned upon the receipt by the Trust of an opinion to such effect from tax counsel to the Trust. If the Reorganization so qualifies, the transfer of assets, the assumption of liabilities, and the receipt of Acquiring Fund shares in the Reorganization is generally not expected to result in the recognition of gain or loss by the Acquired Fund and its shareholders for federal income tax purposes.
The Board of the Trust, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Acquired Fund, believes that the terms of the Reorganization are fair and reasonable and that the interests of existing shareholders of the Acquired Fund will not be diluted as a result of the proposed Reorganization. In approving the Reorganization, the Board considered, among other things, that: (1) the Reorganization was recommended by Riverbridge as the investment advisor to each Fund; (2) the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund have the same the investment objective and substantially similar policies and strategies; (3) the management fee of the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund are the same; (4) after the Reorganization, the total annual operating expenses of the Acquiring Fund before waivers and expense reimbursements are expected to be lower than those of the Acquired Fund, and after waivers and expense reimbursements are expected to be approximately the same but no higher than those of the Acquired Fund; (5) Riverbridge has agreed for a period of at least two years following the Reorganization to continue the current expense limitation arrangement of the Acquiring Fund; (6) Riverbridge has agreed to pay the costs of the Reorganization; (7) the historical performance of the Acquiring Fund was generally similar to the performance of the Acquired Fund during the same periods; (8) the investment experience, expertise and financial resources of, and the nature and quality of the services provided by Riverbridge to the Acquiring Fund are appropriate; (9) each Fund is managed by the same portfolio managers and, following the Reorganization, the portfolio managers will continue to serve as portfolio managers of the Acquiring Fund; (10) the combined Fund may provide prospects for growth and for achieving economies of scale that otherwise would not be achieved if each Fund continued as a separate series of the Trust; (11) the Reorganization is expected to constitute a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code and the Acquired Fund and its shareholders are generally not expected to recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a direct result of the Reorganization; (12) the proposed Reorganization will be submitted to the shareholders of the Acquired Fund for their approval; (13) shareholders of the Acquired Fund who do not wish to become shareholders of the Acquiring Fund may redeem their Acquired Fund shares before the Reorganization; and (14) the liquidation of the Acquired Fund would generally be a taxable event in which shareholders would recognize gain or loss on their investments for tax purposes.
Based on Riverbridge’s recommendation, the Board approved the solicitation of the shareholders of the Acquired Fund to vote on the Reorganization Agreement, the form of which is attached to this Proxy Statement in Appendix A.
B. | Comparison Fee Tables and Examples |
The following shows the fees and expenses for the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund, and the fees and expenses of the Acquiring Fund on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the proposed Reorganization, as of October 31, 2020. As shown in the table, on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the proposed Reorganization, the fees and expenses of the Acquiring Fund are expected to be lower in comparison with the current fees of the Acquired Fund before waivers and expense reimbursements, and approximately the same but no higher than the current fees of the Acquired Fund after waivers and expense reimbursements.
Fees and Expenses | | | | | | |
Share Class | | Acquired Fund - Investor Class Shares | | Acquiring Fund - Investor Class Shares | | Acquiring Fund – Investor Class Shares Pro Forma |
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) | | | | | | |
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | | None | | None | | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) | | None | | None | | None |
Redemption Fee | | None | | None | | None |
Wire fee | | $20 | | $20 | | $20 |
Overnight check delivery fee | | $25 | | $25 | | $25 |
Retirement account fees (annual maintenance fee) | | $15 | | $15 | | $15 |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) | | | | | |
Management Fees | | 0.75% | | 0.75% | | 0.75% |
Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Fees | | 0.25% | | 0.25% | | 0.25% |
Other Expenses | | 2.64% | | 0.31% | | 0.30%4 |
Shareholder service fee | 0.09% | | 0.08% | | 0.08% | |
All Other Expenses | 2.55% | | 0.23% | | 0.22% | |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | | 0.01% | | None | | None |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1 | | 3.65% | | 1.31% | | 1.30% |
Fees Waived and/or Expenses Reimbursed2,3 | | (2.43)% | | (0.10)% | | (0.09)% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Waiving Fees and/or Reimbursing Expenses1,2,3 | | 1.22% | | 1.21% | | 1.21% |
| | | | | | |
| (1) | The “Total annual fund operating expenses” and “Total annual fund operating expenses after waiving fees and/or reimbursing expenses” do not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average net assets appearing in the financial highlights table, which reflects only the operating expenses of the Acquired Fund and does not include acquired fund fees and expenses. |
| (2) | Riverbridge has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses of the Acquired Fund to ensure that total annual fund operating expenses (excluding any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with SEC Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 1.21% of the average daily net assets of the Acquired Fund’s Investor Class shares. This agreement is in effect until March 31, 2030, and it may be terminated before that date only by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. Riverbridge is permitted to seek reimbursement from the Acquired Fund, subject to certain limitations, of fees waived or payments made to the Acquired Fund for a period ending three full fiscal years after the date of the waiver or payment. This reimbursement may be requested from the Acquired Fund if the reimbursement will not cause the Acquired Fund’s annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (a) the expense limitation in effect at the time such fees were waived or payments made, or (b) the expense limitation in effect at the time of the reimbursement. |
| (3) | Riverbridge has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses of the Acquiring Fund to ensure that total annual fund operating expenses (excluding any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with SEC Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 1.21% of the average daily net assets of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class shares. This agreement is in effect until March 31, 2021, and it may be terminated before that date only by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. If the Reorganization is completed, Riverbridge has agreed to maintain this limitation with respect to the Acquiring Fund for a period of at least two years from the date of the Reorganization. Riverbridge is permitted to seek reimbursement from the Acquiring Fund, subject to certain limitations, of fees waived or payments made to the Acquiring Fund for a period ending three full fiscal years after the date of the waiver or payment. This reimbursement may be requested from the Acquiring Fund if the reimbursement will not cause the Acquiring Fund’s annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (a) the expense limitation in effect at the time such fees were waived or payments made, or (b) the expense limitation in effect at the time of the reimbursement. |
| (4) | Pro Forma “Other expenses” are estimated for the current fiscal year. |
Fees and Expenses | | | | | | |
Share Class | | Acquired Fund -Institutional Class Shares | | Acquiring Fund - Institutional Class Shares | | Acquiring Fund – Institutional Class Shares Pro Forma |
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) | | | | | | |
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | | None | | None | | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) | | None | | None | | None |
Redemption Fee | | None | | None | | None |
Wire fee | | $20 | | $20 | | $20 |
Overnight check delivery fee | | $25 | | $25 | | $25 |
Retirement account fees (annual maintenance fee) | | $15 | | $15 | | $15 |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) | | | | | |
Management Fees | | 0.75% | | 0.75% | | 0.75% |
Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Fees | | None | | None | | None |
Other Expenses | | 2.64% | | 0.31% | | 0.30%4 |
Shareholder service fee | 0.09% | | 0.08% | | 0.08% | |
All Other Expenses | 2.55% | | 0.23% | | 0.22% | |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | | 0.01% | | None | | None |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1 | | 3.40% | | 1.06% | | 1.05% |
Fees Waived and/or Expenses Reimbursed2,3 | | (2.43)% | | (0.10)% | | (0.09)% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Waiving Fees and/or Reimbursing Expenses1,2,3 | | 0.97% | | 0.96% | | 0.96% |
| | | | | | |
| (1) | The “Total annual fund operating expenses” and “Total annual fund operating expenses after waiving fees and/or reimbursing expenses” do not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average net assets appearing in the financial highlights table, which reflects only the operating expenses of the Acquired Fund and does not include acquired fund fees and expenses. |
| (2) | Riverbridge has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses of the Acquired Fund to ensure that total annual fund operating expenses (excluding any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with SEC Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 0.96% of the average daily net assets of the Acquired Fund’s Institutional Class shares. This agreement is in effect until March 31, 2030, and it may be terminated before that date only by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. Riverbridge is permitted to seek reimbursement from the Acquired Fund, subject to certain limitations, of fees waived or payments made to the Acquired Fund for a period ending three full fiscal years after the date of the waiver or payment. This reimbursement may be requested from the Acquired Fund if the reimbursement will not cause the Acquired Fund’s annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (a) the expense limitation in effect at the time such fees were waived or payments made, or (b) the expense limitation in effect at the time of the reimbursement. |
| (3) | Riverbridge has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses of the Acquiring Fund to ensure that total annual fund operating expenses (excluding any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with SEC Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 0.96% of the average daily net assets of the Acquiring Fund’s Institutional Class shares. This agreement is in effect until March 31, 2021, and it may be terminated before that date only by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. If the Reorganization is completed, Riverbridge has agreed to maintain this limitation with respect to the Acquiring Fund for a period of at least two years from the date of the Reorganization. Riverbridge is permitted to seek reimbursement from the Acquiring Fund, subject to certain limitations, of fees waived or payments made to the Acquiring Fund for a period ending three full fiscal years after the date of the waiver or payment. This reimbursement may be requested from the Acquiring Fund if the reimbursement will not cause the Acquiring Fund’s annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (a) the expense limitation in effect at the time such fees were waived or payments made, or (b) the expense limitation in effect at the time of the reimbursement. |
| (4) | Pro Forma “Other expenses” are estimated for the current fiscal year. |
Example
The Example below is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Acquired Fund with the cost of investing in the Acquiring Fund. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in each Fund and then redeem all of your shares at the end of each period. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% annual return, that each Fund’s Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses remain as stated in the previous table and that distributions are reinvested. The example reflects each Fund’s contractual fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement only for the term of the contractual fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be as follows, if you redeem your shares:
Investor Class Shares | | | | |
| One Year | Three Years | Five Years | Ten Years |
Acquired Fund | $124 | $387 | $670 | $1,477 |
Acquiring Fund | $123 | $405 | $709 | $1,570 |
Acquiring Fund (Pro Forma) | $123 | $403 | $704 | $1,560 |
Institutional Class Shares | | | | |
| One Year | Three Years | Five Years | Ten Years |
Acquired Fund | $99 | $309 | $536 | $1,190 |
Acquiring Fund | $98 | $327 | $575 | $1,285 |
Acquiring Fund (Pro Forma) | $98 | $325 | $571 | $1,274 |
C. | Comparison of the Funds’ Investment Objectives, Principal Investment Strategies and Risks |
Each Fund’s investment objective, strategies and risks, as well as each Fund’s investment limitations and restrictions, are discussed in more detail below.
Comparison of Investment Objectives for the Funds
The investment objective of the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund are the same. Each Fund’s investment objective is to seek long term capital appreciation.
Each Fund’s investment objective is non-fundamental and may be changed by the respective Board of Trustees without shareholder approval, upon at least 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders.
Comparison of Principal Investment Strategies for the Funds
The principal investment strategies of the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund are described more fully below. The Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund have substantially similar, but not identical, investment strategies. The primary difference is that the Acquired Fund’s strategy includes a policy to invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of “Eco Leader” companies, which are companies that Riverbridge believes are transformational and ethical (i.e., companies that position themselves for sustainable market leadership, long-term growth, and capital appreciation), while demonstrating environmental stewardship, social responsibility and corporate governance best practices. Although the Acquiring Fund’s strategy does not include this policy, the Acquiring Fund focuses its investments on similar companies. As a result, the Reorganization is not expected to materially change the way Acquired Fund shareholders’ investments are managed.
Acquired Fund | Acquiring Fund |
Under normal market conditions, the Acquired Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of “Eco Leader” companies, which are companies that Riverbridge Partners, LLC (the “Advisor”), the Acquired Fund’s advisor, believes are transformational and ethical (i.e., companies that position themselves for sustainable market leadership, long-term growth, and capital appreciation), while demonstrating environmental stewardship, social responsibility and corporate governance best practices. The Acquired Fund’s investments in equity securities may include common stock, preferred stock and convertible securities. While the Acquired Fund invests primarily in equity securities of U.S. issuers, it may invest in securities of foreign (i.e., non-U.S.) issuers. The Acquired Fund’s investments in foreign securities are primarily comprised of U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers traded in the United States and American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”). ADRs are receipts that represent interests in foreign securities held on deposit by U.S. banks. The Acquired Fund may invest in companies of any size, including small- and mid-capitalization companies. The Acquired Fund intends to invest in a portfolio of securities typically spread across many economic sectors, although from time to time, the Acquired Fund may have significant portion of its assets in one or more market sectors such as the industrials and/or information technology sector. The Acquired Fund's advisor seeks to diversify the Acquired Fund's exposure to earnings catalysts (e.g. consumer spending, U.S. healthcare reimbursement and energy pricing) rather than limit the Acquired Fund's exposure to individual market sectors. The Acquired Fund may invest in investment grade convertible securities of any maturity. Investment grade securities are those rated at the time of acquisition Baa3 or higher by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), or BBB- or higher by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”), or Fitch Ratings Ltd. (“Fitch”) or, if unrated by S&P, Moody’s or Fitch, determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality. | Under normal circumstances, the Acquiring Fund invests in equity securities of companies of any size, including small- and mid-capitalization companies. The Acquiring Fund’s investments in equity securities may include common stock, preferred stock and convertible securities. While the Acquiring Fund invests primarily in equity securities of U.S. issuers, it may invest in securities of non-U.S. issuers. The Acquiring Fund’s investments in foreign securities are primarily comprised of U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers traded in the United States and American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”). ADRs are receipts that represent interests in foreign securities held on deposit by U.S. banks. The Acquiring Fund will invest in a portfolio of securities typically spread across many economic sectors, although from time to time, the Fund may have a significant portion of its assets in one or more market sectors such as the industrials and/or information technology sector. The Acquiring Fund's advisor seeks to diversify the Fund's exposure to earnings catalysts (e.g. consumer spending, U.S. healthcare reimbursement and energy pricing) rather than limit the Fund's exposure to individual market sectors. |
Acquired Fund | Acquiring Fund |
The Advisor believes that earnings power determines the value of a franchise. The Advisor focuses on companies that it views as building their earnings power and intrinsic, or actual, values over long periods of time. The Advisor uses a bottom-up approach that seeks to identify high quality, well-managed growth companies that demonstrate the ability to sustain strong secular earnings growth regardless of overall economic conditions. This fundamental approach includes a rigorous research and due diligence process including a thorough assessment of a company’s culture and sustainable market leadership through direct interactions with a company’s management team. In addition, the Advisor performs an assessment of the company through interactions with the company’s management team, as well as a peer-review process that includes interactions with the company’s competitors, suppliers, partners and/or customers. The Advisor believes these interactions allow for the opportunity to evaluate key aspects of the company’s environmental, social and governance profiles. In selecting the Acquired Fund’s investments the Advisor selects companies based on the Advisor’s investment process and criteria, which includes environmental, social and governance standards. | The Acquiring Fund’s advisor, Riverbridge Partners, LLC (the “Advisor”), believes that earnings power determines the value of a franchise. The Advisor focuses on companies that it views as building their earnings power and building their intrinsic, or actual, values over long periods of time. The Advisor uses a bottom-up approach that seeks to identify high quality growth companies that demonstrate the ability to sustain strong secular earnings growth, regardless of overall economic conditions. |
Comparison of Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund are set forth below. The Acquired Fund’s and Acquiring Fund’s principal risks are substantially similar since they have the same investment objective and substantially similar strategies. The Acquired Fund includes the following principal risk that is not included as a principal risk of the Acquiring Fund: Environmental, social and governance policy risk.
Market risk. The market price of a security or instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic or political conditions throughout the world, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, or adverse investor sentiment generally. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, or other events could have a significant impact on a security or instrument. The market value of a security or instrument also may decline because of factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry.
Equity risk. The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors relating to specific companies in which the Fund invests.
Market turbulence resulting from COVID-19. An outbreak of an infectious respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 has negatively affected the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, the financial health of individual companies and the market in general in significant and unforeseen ways. The future impact of COVID-19 is currently unknown, and it may exacerbate other risks that apply to the Fund. Any such impact could adversely affect the Fund’s performance, the performance of the securities in which the Fund invests and may lead to losses on your investment in the Fund.
Growth-oriented investment strategies risk. Growth funds generally focus on stocks of companies believed to have above-average potential for growth in revenue and earnings. Growth securities typically are very sensitive to market movements because their market prices frequently reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and when it appears that those expectations will not be met, the prices of growth securities typically fall.
Sector focus risk. The Fund may invest a larger portion of its assets in one or more sectors than many other mutual funds, and thus will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those sectors. For example, as of [ ], 2020, [ ]% and [ ]% of the Acquired Fund’s net assets and [ ]% and [ ]% of the Acquiring Fund’s net assets were invested in the Industrials and Information Technology sectors, respectively. Companies in the Industrials sector can be significantly affected by general economic trends, changes in consumer sentiment and spending, commodity prices, legislation, government regulation and spending, import controls, and worldwide competition. Companies in the Information Technology sector can be significantly affected by intense competition, consumer preferences, problems with product compatibility and government regulation.
Small-cap and mid-cap company risk. The securities of small-capitalization and mid-capitalization companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements and may have lower trading volumes or more erratic trading than securities of larger, more established companies or market averages in general. In addition, such companies typically are more likely to be adversely affected than large capitalization companies by changes in earning results, business prospects, investor expectations or poor economic or market conditions.
Management and strategy risk. The value of your investment depends on the judgment of the Advisor about the quality, relative yield, value or market trends affecting a particular security, industry, sector or region, which may prove to be incorrect.
Environmental, social and governance policy risk (Acquired Fund only). The Acquired Fund’s investment focus on environmental factors and social and governance practices could cause it to make or avoid investments that could result in the Acquired Fund underperforming relative to funds that do not have such focus.
Foreign investment risk. The prices of foreign securities may be more volatile than the prices of securities of U.S. issuers because of economic and social conditions abroad, political developments, and changes in the regulatory environments of foreign countries. In addition, changes in exchange rates and interest rates may adversely affect the values of the Fund’s foreign investments. Foreign companies are generally subject to different legal and accounting standards than U.S. companies, and foreign financial intermediaries may be subject to less supervision and regulation than U.S. financial firms. Foreign securities include American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”). Unsponsored ADRs are organized independently and without the cooperation of the foreign issuer of the underlying securities, and involve additional risks because U.S. reporting requirements do not apply. In addition, the issuing bank may deduct shareholder distribution, custody, foreign currency exchange, and other fees from the payment of dividends.
Preferred stock risk. Preferred stock represents an equity interest in a company that generally entitles the holder to receive, in preference to the holders of other stocks such as common stock, dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from a liquidation of the company. The market value of preferred stock is subject to company-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities and is also sensitive to changes in the company’s creditworthiness, the ability of the company to make payments on the preferred stock, and changes in interest rates, typically declining in value if interest rates rise.
Convertible securities risk. Convertible securities are subject to market and interest rate risk and credit risk. When the market price of the equity security underlying a convertible security decreases the convertible security tends to trade on the basis of its yield and other fixed income characteristics, and is more susceptible to credit and interest rate risks. When the market price of such equity security rises, the convertible security tends to trade on the basis of its equity conversion features and be more exposed to market risk. Convertible securities are typically issued by smaller capitalized companies with stock prices that may be more volatile than those of other companies.
Cybersecurity risk. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or cause the Growth Fund, the Advisor, and/or other service providers (including custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or loss of operational functionality. In an extreme case, a shareholder’s ability to exchange or redeem Fund shares may be affected. Issuers or securities in which the Fund invests are also subject to cybersecurity risks, and the value of those securities could decline is the issuers experience cybersecurity incidents.
D. | Comparison of Investment Restrictions |
The fundamental and non-fundamental investment limitations of the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund are the same. The fundamental limitations may only be amended with shareholder approval.
Each Fund may not:
| 1. | Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of its net assets (including the amount borrowed); and (ii) this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging in options transactions or short sales and in investing in financial futures and reverse repurchase agreements; |
| 2. | Act as underwriter, except to the extent a Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment portfolio; |
| 3. | With respect to 75% of a Fund’s total assets, purchase the securities of any issuer (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result, (a) more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of that issuer, or (b) the Fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer; |
| 4. | Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of purchase, in any one industry (other than U.S. government securities); |
| 5. | Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real estate limited partnerships (although a Fund may purchase and sell securities which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or deal in real estate such as REITs); |
| 6. | Make loans of money, except (a) for purchases of debt securities consistent with the investment policies of a Fund, (b) by engaging in repurchase agreements, or (c) through the loan of portfolio securities in an amount up to 33 1/3% of the Fund’s net assets; or |
| 7. | Purchase or sell commodities, except that a Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options; may enter into foreign exchange contracts; may enter into swap agreements and other financial transactions not requiring the delivery of physical commodities; may purchase or sell precious metals directly, and may purchase or sell precious metal commodity contracts or options on such contracts in compliance with applicable commodities laws. |
Each Fund observes the following restriction as a matter of operating but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory authorities:
Each Fund may not invest, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets in securities that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the securities.
E. | Comparison of Investment Advisory Agreement and Portfolio Managers of the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund |
Investment Advisory Agreement
Riverbridge Partners, LLC, a Minnesota limited liability corporation with its principal place of business at 1200 IDS Center, 80 South Eighth Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402, is each Fund’s investment advisor and provides investment advisory services to each Fund. Founded in 1987, Riverbridge is a registered investment advisor and provides investment management services to institutional and individual investors. As of December 31, 2020, the Advisor’s total assets under management were approximately $[ ] billion. Riverbridge is majority owned by Northill US Holdings, Inc., an affiliate of Northill Capital Group (“Northill”). Northill provides equity capital to asset management firms. Northill is owned by Northill Jersey Holdings LP.
Riverbridge serves as investment advisor to the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement dated December 31, 2012, as amended and restated on October 1, 2020 (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”) with the Trust that contains identical terms for each Fund. The Investment Advisory Agreement describes the services that Riverbridge provides to the Funds, which generally include reviewing, supervising, and administering the investment program of the Funds. Riverbridge is not liable to the Trust under the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by Riverbridge or the Trust in connection with the performance of the Investment Advisory Agreement, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty by Riverbridge with respect to the receipt of compensation for services or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on Riverbridge’s part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by Riverbridge of its duties under the Investment Advisory Agreement. The Investment Advisory Agreement continues in force from year to year with respect to each Fund so long as it is specifically approved at least annually in the manner required by the 1940 Act. The Investment Advisory Agreement may be terminated with respect to either Fund at any time, without the payment of any penalty: (i) by the Board or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on 60 days’ written notice to Riverbridge; or (ii) by Riverbridge on 60 days’ written notice to the Trust. In addition, the Investment Advisory Agreement with respect to a Fund will terminate automatically upon its assignment. The Investment Advisory Agreement with respect to the Acquired Fund was submitted for approval by the initial shareholder of the Acquired Fund prior to the Acquired Fund’s commencement of operations on December 31, 2014. The Investment Advisory Agreement with respect to the Acquiring Fund was submitted for approval by the initial shareholder of the Acquiring Fund prior to the Acquiring Fund’s commencement of operations on December 31, 2012. The Investment Advisory Agreement with respect to each Fund was last renewed by the Trust’s Board on September 17, 2020.
Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, for its services, Riverbridge is entitled to receive an annual management fee as listed below of each Fund’s average daily net assets, calculated daily and payable monthly. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2020, the Advisor received advisory fees, net of fee waivers pursuant to its expense limitation agreements with the Trust on behalf of each relevant Fund, as follows:
Fund Name | Contractual Management Fee to Advisor | Management Fees Paid to Advisor for the Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2020 (Net of Waiver) |
Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund1 | 0.75% | [ ]% |
Riverbridge Growth Fund | 0.75% | [ ]% |
| 1 | Prior to October 1, 2020, the contractual management fee for the Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund was 0.90%. |
The investment advisory fees paid by each Fund to Riverbridge and applicable fee waivers during each Fund’s most recent fiscal year ended November 30, 2020, were as follows:
Fund Name | Gross Advisory Fees | Advisory Fees Waived | Net Advisory Fees |
Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund | $ | $ | $ |
Riverbridge Growth Fund | $ | $ | $ |
Riverbridge has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses of each Fund to ensure that the total annual fund operating expenses (excluding any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 1.21% and 0.96% of the average daily net assets of each Fund’s Investor Class shares and Institutional Class shares, respectively. This agreement is in effect until March 31, 2021, with respect to the Acquiring Fund and until March 31, 2030, with respect to the Acquired Fund. If the Reorganization is completed, Riverbridge has agreed to maintain this limitation with respect to the Acquiring Fund for a period of at least two years from the date of the Reorganization. The agreement may be terminated before the applicable date for each Fund only by the Board of Trustees.
Any reduction in advisory fees or payment of a Fund’s expenses made by the Advisor in a fiscal year may be reimbursed by the Fund for a period ending three full fiscal years after the date of reduction or payment if Riverbridge so requests. This reimbursement may be requested from a Fund if the reimbursement will not cause a Fund’s annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (a) the expense limitation in effect at the time such fees were waived or payments made, or (b) the expense limitation in effect at the time of the reimbursement. However, the reimbursement amount may not exceed the total amount of fees waived and/or Fund expenses paid by Riverbridge and will not include any amounts previously reimbursed to Riverbridge by the Fund. Any such reimbursement is contingent upon the Board’s subsequent review of the reimbursed amounts. A Fund must pay current ordinary operating expenses before Riverbridge is entitled to any reimbursement of fees and/or Fund expenses.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement with respect to each Fund is available in the Funds’ Annual Report to shareholders dated as of November 30, 2019.
Portfolio Managers of the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund
Riverbridge utilizes a team-based approach to managing the Funds. Each Fund is managed by the portfolio managers listed below. The portfolio managers have been jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund since its inception. If the Reorganization is completed, the portfolio managers will continue to serve as portfolio managers of the Acquiring Fund.
Mark A. Thompson co-founded the Advisor in 1987. Mr. Thompson serves as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of the Advisor. As Chief Investment Officer, Mr. Thompson is responsible for coordinating the efforts of the investment team and overall portfolio compliance with the firm’s investment disciplines. He has over 36 years of experience in the financial services industry. Mr. Thompson is a graduate of the University of Minnesota Carlson School of Management with a BSB in Finance. He is a member of the CFA Institute and the CFA Society of Minnesota.
Rick D. Moulton, CFA has been a lead portfolio manager of the Advisor since 1991. Mr. Moulton is a member of the Advisor’s Investment Team and is responsible for portfolio management. He has over 31 years of experience in the financial services industry. Mr. Moulton graduated from the University of Minnesota Carlson School of Management where he received a BSB in Finance. He is a member of the CFA Institute and the CFA Society of Minnesota.
The Funds’ SAI provides additional information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and the portfolio managers’ ownership of securities in the Funds.
F. | Information on Shareholder Rights |
The following is a very general summary of certain important provisions of the governing instruments and governing laws applicable to the Trust, but is not a complete description. It is qualified in its entirety by reference to the governing documents. Further information about the Trust’s governance structure is contained in the Funds’ SAI and the Trust’s governing documents, which are on file with the SEC.
Form of Organization. The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust governed by its Agreement and Declaration of Trust (“Declaration of Trust”), By-Laws and a Board of Trustees. The operations of the Trust are also governed by applicable state and federal law.
Shares. The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest and shareholders have no preemptive rights.
Shareholder Voting Rights, Quorum, Required Vote and Action by Written Consent. Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, shareholders have the power to vote only for the following: (i) for the election and removal of Trustees, (ii) with respect to the approval of termination in accordance with the 1940 Act of any contract with any one or more corporations, trusts, associations, partnerships, limited partnerships, limited liability companies or other types of organizations or individuals who provide services for or on behalf of the Trust and its series, including investment advisory services, as to which shareholder approval is required by the 1940 Act, (iii) with respect to any reorganization of the Trust or any series of the Trust; (iv) with respect to any amendment of the Declaration of Trust; (v) to the same extent as the stockholders of a Delaware business corporation as to whether or not a court action, proceeding or claim should or should not be brought or maintained derivatively or as to a class action on behalf of Trust or any series of the Trust, or the shareholders of any of them, and (vi) with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by the 1940 Act, the Declaration of Trust, the By-Laws or any registration of the Trust with the SEC or any State, or as the Trustees may consider necessary or desirable.
The presence in person (or via a virtual meeting, in applicable) or by proxy of one-third of the holder of shares of the Trust entitled to vote shall be a quorum for the transaction of business at a shareholder meeting. A majority shareholder vote at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall decide any question, except when a different vote is required or permitted by any provision of the 1940 Act or other applicable law or by the Declaration of Trust or By-Laws, or when the Trustees shall in their discretion require a larger vote or the vote of a majority or larger fraction of the shares of one or more particular series. On each matter submitted to a vote of shareholders of the Acquired Fund or Acquiring Fund, each shareholder is entitled to one vote for each whole share and each fractional share is entitled to a fractional vote. There is no cumulative voting in the election or removal of Trustees. Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act and other applicable law, any action taken by shareholders may be taken without a meeting if a majority of shareholders entitled to vote on the matter (or such larger proportion thereof or of the shares of any particular series as shall be required by the 1940 Act or by any express provision of the Declaration of Trust or By-Laws or as shall be permitted by the Trustees) consent to the action in writing and if the writings in which such consent is given are filed with the records of the meetings of shareholders.
Shareholder Meetings. The Trust is not required to, and does not, have annual meetings. Nonetheless, the Board may call a special meeting of shareholders for action by shareholder vote as may be required by the 1940 Act or as required or permitted by the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws. Shareholders retain the right to request that a meeting of the shareholders be held for the purpose of considering matters requiring shareholder approval. The Trust must call a shareholder meeting when requested in writing by shareholders holding at least 10% of the shares outstanding.
Shareholder Liability. The Trust instruments disclaim shareholder liability for the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses of the Trust or any of its series and provide indemnification for all losses and expenses of any shareholder held liable for the obligations of the Acquired Fund or the Acquiring Fund, respectively. Shareholders of the Trust have the same limitation of personal liability as is extended to shareholders of a Delaware for-profit corporation.
Trustee Liability. The Trust indemnifies trustees against all liabilities and expenses incurred by reason of being a trustee to the fullest extent permitted by law, except that the Trust does not provide indemnification for liabilities due to a trustee’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of such trustee’s duties.
Amendments to Declaration of Trust. The Board of Trustees of the Trust may amend the Declaration of Trust by an instrument signed by a majority of the Board so long as such amendment does not adversely affect the rights of any shareholder with respect to which such amendment is or purports to be applicable and so long as such amendment is not in contravention of applicable law, including the 1940 Act.
G. | Comparison of Distribution, Purchase and Redemption Procedures, Rule 12b-1 Distribution Plan and Shareholder Service Fees |
Distribution
Because each Fund is a series of the Trust, shares of each class of the Acquiring Fund are distributed in the same way as shares of the same class of the Acquired Fund, and the method of their distribution will not be affected by the Reorganization.
Purchase and Redemption Procedures
Because each Fund is a series of the Trust, the Reorganization will not affect the purchase and redemption procedures of any class of the Acquired Fund. The investment minimums and subsequent investment minimums for the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund are the same.
Rule 12b-1 Distribution Plan
The Trust has adopted a plan on behalf of each Fund pursuant to Rule 12b-1 of the 1940 Act (the “12b-1 Plan”) which allows a Fund to pay distribution fees for the sale and distribution of its Investor Class shares and/or shareholder liaison service fees in connection with the provision of personal services to shareholders of Investor Class shares and the maintenance of their shareholder accounts. The 12b-1 Plan provides for the payment of such fees at the annual rate of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to a Fund’s Investor Class shares. Since these fees are paid out of a Fund’s assets attributable to the Fund’s Investor Class shares, these fees will increase the cost of your investment and, over time, may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. The net income attributable to Investor Class shares will be reduced by the amount of distribution and shareholder liaison service fees and other expenses of a Fund associated with that class of shares.
Institutional Class shares are not subject to any distribution fees under the 12b-1 Plan.
Shareholder Service Fee
Each Fund may pay a fee at an annual rate of up to 0.10% of its average daily net assets to shareholder servicing agents. Shareholder servicing agents provide non-distribution administrative and support services to their customers, which may include establishing and maintaining accounts and records relating to shareholders, processing dividend and distribution payments from a Fund on behalf of shareholders, forwarding communications from the Funds, providing sub-accounting with respect to Fund shares, and other similar services.
H. | Key Information about the Reorganization |
The following is a summary of key information concerning the Reorganization. Keep in mind that more detailed information appears in the Reorganization Agreement, the form of which is attached to this Proxy Statement as Appendix A.
| 1. | Agreement and Plan of Reorganization |
At the Special Meeting, the shareholders of the Acquired Fund will be asked to approve the Reorganization Agreement to reorganize the Acquired Fund into the Acquiring Fund. If the Reorganization is completed, shareholders that hold Investor Class Shares of the Acquired Fund will receive Investor Class Shares of the Acquiring Fund and shareholders that hold Institutional Class Shares of the Acquired Fund will receive Institutional Class Shares of the Acquiring Fund. If the Reorganization Agreement is approved by the shareholders of the Acquired Fund and the Reorganization is completed, the Acquired Fund will transfer all of its assets to the Acquiring Fund in exchange for (i) the number of full and fractional shares of the Acquiring Fund of each class corresponding to an outstanding class of shares of the Acquired Fund which will be equal to (a) the aggregate net asset value of the Acquired Fund attributable to that class of shares of the Acquired Fund as of the close of business on the closing day of the Reorganization (the “Closing”), divided by (b) the net asset value per share of such class of Acquiring Fund shares as of the Closing, and (ii) the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of all of the Acquired Fund’s liabilities. Immediately thereafter, the Acquired Fund will distribute to its shareholders of record as of the Closing the shares of the Acquiring Fund in proportion to the respective numbers of Acquired Fund shares of each class of shares of the Acquired Fund held by such shareholders by instructing the Trust’s transfer agent to establish accounts in the Acquiring Fund’s share records in the names of those shareholders and transferring those Acquiring Fund shares to those accounts in complete liquidation of the Acquired Fund. Certificates evidencing Acquiring Fund shares will not be issued to the Acquired Fund’s shareholders.
The holding period for the Acquired Fund’s shares will carry over to the Acquiring Fund shares received by shareholders in the Reorganization for purposes of determining the application of any applicable exchange fees. Upon completion of the Reorganization, each shareholder of the Acquired Fund will own a number of full and fractional shares of each class of the Acquiring Fund equal in aggregate value to the aggregate value of such shareholder’s shares of the corresponding class of the Acquired Fund at the time of the exchange.
Until the Closing, shareholders of the Acquired Fund will continue to be able to redeem their shares at the NAV per share next determined after receipt by the Acquired Fund’s transfer agent of a redemption request in proper form. Redemption and purchase requests received by the transfer agent after the Closing will be treated as requests received for the redemption or purchase of shares of the Acquiring Fund received by the shareholder in connection with the Reorganization. After the Reorganization, all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Acquired Fund will be canceled on the books of the Acquired Fund and the transfer books of the Acquired Fund will be permanently closed. If the Reorganization is completed, shareholders will be free to redeem the shares of the Acquiring Fund that they receive in the transaction at their then-current NAV per share. Shareholders of the Acquired Fund may wish to consult their tax advisors as to any different consequences of redeeming their shares prior to the Reorganization or exchanging such shares for shares of the Acquiring Fund in the Reorganization.
The Reorganization is subject to a number of conditions, including, without limitation, the approval of the Reorganization Agreement by the shareholders of the Acquired Fund and the receipt of a legal opinion from counsel to the Trust with respect to certain tax issues. Assuming satisfaction of the conditions in the Reorganization Agreement, the Reorganization is expected to be effective on [ ], 2021, or such other date agreed to by the parties.
Riverbridge has agreed to pay all costs relating to the proposed Reorganization, including the costs relating to the Special Meeting and to preparing and filing the registration statement that includes this Proxy Statement. Riverbridge will also incur the costs associated with the solicitation of proxies, including the cost of copying, printing and mailing proxy materials. The Reorganization Agreement may be amended by the parties in writing at any time, provided, however, that there shall not be any amendment that by law requires approval by the shareholders of a party without obtaining such approval. In addition, the Reorganization Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Closing by the Board if, among other reasons, the Board determines that the Reorganization is not in the best interest of shareholders.
| 2. | Description of the Securities to be Issued |
The Acquiring Fund’s shares issued to the shareholders of the Acquired Fund pursuant to the Reorganization will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable when issued, will be transferable without restriction and will have no preemptive or conversion rights. The Acquiring Fund’s shares will be sold and redeemed based upon the NAV per share of the relevant class of the Acquiring Fund next determined after receipt of the purchase or redemption request, as described in the Acquiring Fund’s Prospectus.
| 3. | Board Considerations Relating to the Proposed Reorganization |
The Board considered and discussed the Reorganization at a meeting held on December 8-9, 2020. In its review of the Reorganization, the Board was assisted by legal counsel, and the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act, were also assisted by independent legal counsel. In reaching its decision to approve and recommend that Acquired Fund shareholders approve the Reorganization, the Board concluded that the participation of the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund in the Reorganization is in the best interests of each Fund, as well as in the best interests of shareholders of each Fund, and that the interests of existing shareholders will not be diluted as a result of the Reorganization.
In determining whether to approve the Reorganization and recommend its approval to shareholders of the Acquired Fund, the Board inquired into a number of matters and considered, among other things:
| ● | the expectation that the Reorganization will constitute a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code and that the Acquired Fund and that the shareholders generally will not recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the Reorganization; |
| ● | the compatibility of the investment objectives, policies and strategies of the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund; |
| ● | that the historical performance of the Acquiring Fund was generally similar to the performance of the Acquired Fund during the same periods (for periods ending September 30, 2020); |
| ● | the investment experience, expertise and financial resources of, and the nature and quality of the services provided by Riverbridge to the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund; |
| ● | that each Fund is managed by the same portfolio managers and, following the Reorganization, the portfolio managers will continue to serve as portfolio managers of the Acquiring Fund; |
| ● | the prospects for growth, and for achieving economies of scale, of the combined Acquired and Acquiring Fund; |
| ● | that the investment advisory fee of the Acquiring Fund is the same as the investment advisory fee of the Acquired Fund; |
| ● | that after the Reorganization, the total annual operating expenses of the Acquiring Fund before waivers and expense reimbursements are expected to be lower than those of the Acquired Fund, and after waivers and expense reimbursements are expected to be approximately the same but no higher than those of the Acquired Fund; |
| ● | that Riverbridge had agreed to continue the Acquiring Fund’s expense limitation for a period of at least two years from the date of the Reorganization; |
| ● | that the Reorganization would not result in the dilution of shareholders’ interests; |
| ● | that Riverbridge will bear the costs of the proposed Reorganization; |
| ● | that the proposed Reorganization will be submitted to the shareholders of the Acquired Fund for their approval; |
| ● | that shareholders of the Acquired Fund who do not wish to become shareholders of the Acquiring Fund may redeem their shares before the Reorganization; and |
| ● | that, absent the Reorganization, the liquidation of the Acquired Fund would generally be a taxable event in which shareholders would recognize gain or loss on their investments for tax purposes. |
After consideration of these and other factors it deemed appropriate, the Board, including those Board members who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act, unanimously approved the Reorganization of the Acquired Fund, subject to approval by its shareholders. The Board noted that if shareholders of the Acquired Fund do not approve the Reorganization or the Reorganization is not consummated, the Acquired Fund would not be reorganized into the Acquiring Fund and the Board would have to consider what steps to take, including potentially approving the liquidation of the Acquired Fund.
| 4. | Federal Income Tax Consequences |
For each year of its existence, the Acquired Fund has had in effect an election to be, and the Trust believes the Acquired Fund has qualified for treatment as, a “regulated investment company” under the Code. Accordingly, the Trust believes the Acquired Fund has been, and expects to continue through the Closing to be, generally relieved of any federal income tax liability on its taxable income and gains it distributes to shareholders in accordance with Subchapter M of the Code.
As a condition to the Closing of the Reorganization, the Trust will receive an opinion of counsel substantially to the effect that for federal income tax purposes:
| ● | The Reorganization will constitute a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, and each of the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund will be a “party to a reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(b) of the Code; |
| ● | No gain or loss will be recognized by the Acquired Fund upon the transfer of all its assets to the Acquiring Fund solely in exchange for the Acquiring Fund’s shares and the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of all the liabilities of the Acquired Fund, or upon the distribution of the Acquiring Fund’s shares to the shareholders of the Acquired Fund, except for (A) any gain or loss that may be recognized with respect to contracts subject to Section 1256 of the Code, (B) any gain that may be recognized on the transfer of stock in a “passive foreign investment company” as defined in Section 1297(a) of the Code, and (C) any other gain or loss that may be required to be recognized (i) as a result of the closing the Acquired Fund’s taxable year, or (ii) upon the transfer of an asset regardless of whether such transfer would otherwise be a non-recognition transaction under the Code; |
| ● | The tax basis in the hands of the Acquiring Fund of each asset transferred from the Acquired Fund to the Acquiring Fund in the Reorganization will be the same as the tax basis of such asset in the hands of the Acquired Fund immediately prior to the transfer thereof, increased by the amount of gain (or decreased by the amount of loss), if any, recognized by the Acquired Fund on the transfer; |
| ● | The holding period in the hands of the Acquiring Fund of each asset transferred from the Acquired Fund to the Acquiring Fund in the Reorganization, other than assets with respect to which gain or loss is required to be recognized in the Reorganization, will include the Acquired Fund’s holding period for such asset (except where investment activities of the Acquiring Fund have the effect of reducing or eliminating the holding period with respect to an asset); |
| ● | No gain or loss will be recognized by the Acquiring Fund upon its receipt of all the assets of the Acquired Fund solely in exchange for the Acquiring Fund shares and the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of all the liabilities of the Acquired Fund as part of the Reorganization; |
| ● | No gain or loss will be recognized by the Acquired Fund shareholders upon the exchange of their Acquired Fund shares for Acquiring Fund shares as part of the Reorganization; |
| ● | The aggregate tax basis of the Acquiring Fund shares that the Acquired Fund shareholder receives in the Reorganization will be the same as the aggregate tax basis of the Acquired Fund shares exchanged therefor; |
| ● | Each Acquired Fund shareholder’s holding period for the Acquiring Fund shares received in the Reorganization will include the Acquired Fund shareholder’s holding period for the Acquired Fund shares exchanged therefor, provided that the Acquired Fund shareholder held such Acquired Fund shares as capital assets on the date of the exchange; and |
In rendering the opinion, counsel will rely upon, among other things, certain facts and assumptions and certain representations of the Trust, the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund. The condition that the parties to the Reorganization receive such an opinion may not be waived.
No tax ruling has been or will be received from the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") in connection with the Reorganization. An opinion of counsel is not binding on the IRS or a court, and no assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or a court would not sustain, a contrary position.
Prior to the Closing, the Acquired Fund will, as necessary, declare and pay one or more dividends and/or other distributions, which, together with all previous dividends for the taxable year, is intended to have the effect of distributing to the Acquired Fund’s shareholders all of its net capital gain (taking into account available capital loss carryforwards), if any, all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to any deduction for dividends paid), if any, and all of its net tax-exempt income, if any, for each taxable year ending on or before the closing date of the Reorganization (and treating the Acquired Fund’s current taxable year as ending on the Closing Date). Any such distribution will generally be taxable income to the Acquired Fund’s shareholders. The Acquiring Fund may make comparable distributions to its shareholders before the Closing.
Federal income tax law permits a regulated investment company to carry forward indefinitely its net capital losses to offset its capital gains recognized in future years. As of [ ], the Funds’ unused capital loss carryforwards are as follows:
Fund | Total |
Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund | |
Riverbridge Growth Fund | |
On the Closing Date, each Fund may have net realized capital gains or losses and may also have net unrealized gains or losses.
The Reorganization may result in a number of different limitations on the Acquiring Fund’s ability to use realized and unrealized losses of the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund. In the taxable year of the Acquiring Fund in which the Reorganization occurs, the Acquiring Fund will be able to use capital loss carryforwards of the Acquired Fund (including from the Acquired Fund’s short taxable year ending on the Closing Date), subject to the additional limitations described below, to offset only a prorated portion of the Acquiring Fund’s capital gains for such taxable year, based on the number of days remaining after the Closing Date in such taxable year.
The Reorganization may result in limitations on the Acquiring Fund’s ability, following the Reorganization, to use capital loss carryforwards of the Acquired Fund (including carryforwards generated in the tax year of the Acquired Fund ending on the Closing Date). Those limitations, imposed by Section 382 of the Code, may apply if the shareholders of the Acquired Fund own less than 50% of the Acquiring Fund immediately after the applicable Reorganization, and will be imposed on an annual basis. The Reorganization may result in limitations on the Acquiring Fund’s ability to use unrealized capital losses inherent in the tax basis of the Acquired Fund’s assets on the Closing Date. Capital losses in excess of this limitation may be carried forward indefinitely, subject to any other applicable limitations. This annual limitation on the use of the Acquired Fund’s carryforwards for periods following the Reorganization generally will equal the product of the net asset value of the Acquired Fund immediately prior to the Reorganization and the “long-term tax-exempt rate,” as published by the IRS and in effect at the time of the Reorganization. This limitation may be prorated in the taxable year of the Acquiring Fund in which the Reorganization occurs based on the number of days remaining after the Closing Date in such taxable year.
The Reorganization may result in limitations on the Acquiring Fund’s ability, after the Reorganization, to use capital loss carryforwards of the Acquiring Fund, a portion of any losses recognized by the Acquiring Fund in its tax year that includes the Reorganization, and potentially on the Acquiring Fund’s ability to use unrealized capital losses inherent in the tax basis of its assets at the time of the Reorganization. These limitations may apply if the Acquiring Fund’s shareholders own less than 50% of the combined fund immediately after the Reorganization. These limitations are imposed on an annual basis. Losses in excess of the limitation may be carried forward, subject to generally applicable limitations. If applicable, the annual limitation on the use of these carryforwards for periods following the Reorganization generally will equal the product of the net asset value of the Acquiring Fund and the “long-term tax-exempt rate,” as published by the IRS and in effect at the time of the Reorganization.
If the Acquiring Fund or the Acquired Fund has a net unrealized gain inherent in its assets at the time of the Reorganization, then, under certain circumstances, the Acquiring Fund, post-Reorganization, may not offset that gain, to the extent realized within five years of the Reorganization, by a carryforward of pre-Reorganization losses (other than a carryforward of pre-Reorganization losses of the Fund with the net unrealized gain inherent in its assets at the time of the Reorganization) or, in certain cases, by a net unrealized loss inherent at the time of the Reorganization in the assets of the other Fund.
As a result of the Reorganization, losses and loss carryforwards will benefit the shareholders of the combined Acquiring Fund, rather than the shareholders of the Fund that incurred them. By reason of the foregoing rules, taxable shareholders may pay more taxes, or pay taxes sooner, as a result of the Reorganization than they would have if the Reorganization did not occur.
Since the Reorganization is not expected to close until [ ], 2021, the capital loss carryforwards, realized and unrealized gains and losses, and the applicability of the limitations described above may change significantly between now and the date of the Reorganization. The ability of each Fund to use capital losses to offset gains (even in the absence of the Reorganization) also depends on factors other than loss limitations, such as the future realization of capital gains or losses.
Although the Trust is not aware of any adverse state income tax consequences, the Trust has not made any investigation as to those consequences for the shareholders. Because each shareholder may have unique tax issues, shareholders should consult their own tax advisors.
The following table shows, as of November 30, 2020, (1) the unaudited capitalization of the Acquired Fund and unaudited capitalization of the Acquiring Fund, and (2) the pro forma combined capitalization of the Acquiring Fund, giving effect to the proposed Reorganization as of that date (a):
(unaudited) | | Acquired Fund | | | Acquiring Fund | | | Pro forma Adjustments | | | Pro forma Acquiring Fund | |
Net Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investor Class Shares | | $ | 10,748,050.70 | | | $ | 18,912,230.32 | | | | -- | | | $ | 29,660,281.02 | |
Institutional Class Shares | | $ | 3,889,376.99 | | | $ | 219,295,751.86 | | | | -- | | | $ | 223,185,128.85 | |
Total | | $ | 14,637,427.69 | | | $ | 238,207,982.18 | | | | -- | | | $ | 252,845,409.87 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shares Outstanding | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investor Class Shares | | | 523,708.205 | | | | 624,353.992 | | | | (b) | | | | 979,192.246 | |
Institutional Class Shares | | | 186,660.868 | | | | 7,101,414.347 | | | | (b) | | | | 7,227,365.674 | |
Total | | | 710,369.073 | | | | 7,725,768.339 | | | | (b) | | | | 8,206,557.920 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Asset Value per Share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investor Class Shares | | $ | 20.52 | | | $ | 30.29 | | | | -- | | | $ | 30.29 | |
Institutional Class Shares | | $ | 20.84 | | | $ | 30.88 | | | | -- | | | $ | 30.88 | |
| (a) | The capitalizations are likely to be different on the Closing Date as a result of daily Fund share purchase, redemption and market activity. No assurance can be given as to how many shares of the Acquiring Fund will be received by Acquired Fund shareholders at the Closing Date, and the information should not be relied upon to reflect the number of shares of the Pro Forma Acquiring Fund that actually will be received by Acquired Fund shareholders. |
| (b) | To adjust Shares Outstanding of the Pro Forma Acquiring Fund based on combining the Acquired Fund at the Acquiring Fund’s Net Asset Value per Share. |
The Acquiring Fund will be the accounting survivor following the Reorganization.
I. | Comparison of Performance Information |
The bar chart and table below provide some indication of the risks of investing in each Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance from year to year for Institutional Class Shares and by showing how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with the average annual total returns of broad-based market indices. Performance for classes other than those shown may vary from the performance shown to the extent the expenses for those classes differ. Updated performance information is available at the Funds’ website, www.riverbridge.com A Fund’s past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund
Calendar Year Total Return (before taxes) for Institutional Class Shares
For each calendar year at NAV
The year-to-date return as of September 30, 2020 was 27.05%.
Institutional Class Shares |
Highest Calendar Quarter Return at NAV | 16.30% | Quarter Ended 03/31/2019 |
Lowest Calendar Quarter Return at NAV | (14.67)% | Quarter Ended 12/31/2018 |
Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2019) | One Year | Five Years | Since Inception (December 31, 2014) |
Institutional Class Shares - Return Before Taxes | 32.25% | 13.10% | 13.10% |
Institutional Class Shares - Return After Taxes on Distributions* | 31.17% | 12.01% | 12.01% |
Institutional Class Shares - Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares* | 19.87% | 10.25% | 10.25% |
Investor Class Shares - Return Before Taxes | 31.81% | 12.83% | 12.83% |
Russell 3000 Growth Index (Reflects No Deductions for Fees, Expenses or Taxes) | 35.85% | 14.23% | 14.23% |
S&P 500 Index (Reflects No Deductions for Fees, Expenses or Taxes) | 31.49% | 11.70% | 11.70% |
| * | After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After–tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are shown for Institutional Class Shares only and after-tax returns for classes other than Institutional Class will vary from returns shown for Institutional Class. |
Riverbridge Growth Fund
Calendar Year Total Return (before taxes) for Institutional Class Shares
For each calendar year at NAV
The year-to-date return as of September 30, 2020 was 26.89%.
Institutional Class Shares |
Highest Calendar Quarter Return at NAV | 15.01% | Quarter Ended 03/31/2019 |
Lowest Calendar Quarter Return at NAV | (14.61)% | Quarter Ended 12/31/2018 |
Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2019) | One Year | Five Years | Since Inception (December 31, 2012) |
Institutional Class Shares - Return Before Taxes | 30.28% | 13.44% | 15.03% |
Institutional Class Shares - Return After Taxes on Distributions* | 29.85% | 12.67% | 14.37% |
Institutional Class Shares - Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares* | 18.23% | 10.61% | 12.23% |
Investor Class Shares - Return Before Taxes | 30.19% | 13.21% | 14.78% |
Russell 3000 Growth Index (Reflects No Deductions for Fees, Expenses or Taxes) | 35.85% | 14.23% | 16.63% |
S&P 500 Index (Reflects No Deductions for Fees, Expenses or Taxes) | 31.49% | 11.70% | 14.73% |
| * | After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After–tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are shown for Institutional Class Shares only and after-tax returns for classes other than Institutional Class will vary from returns shown for Institutional Class. |
Portfolio Turnover
Each Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect a Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Acquired Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 36% and the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 15%.
How to Vote
This Proxy Statement is being provided in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board to solicit your vote at a special meeting of shareholders of the Acquired Fund. The Special Meeting will be held at the offices of Mutual Fund Administration, LLC, 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226, Glendora, California 91740. However, as we are concerned about your health and safety during the current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, we intend to monitor the recommendations of public health officials and governmental restrictions as the situation continues to evolve. If we decide to hold the Special Meeting at a different time or in a different location, we will make an announcement in the manner discussed in these materials.
You may vote in one of the following ways:
| • | attend the Special Meeting in person; |
| • | complete and sign the enclosed proxy card and mail it to us in the prepaid return envelope (if mailed in the United States); |
| • | vote on the Internet at the website address listed on your proxy card; |
| • | call the toll-free number [ ] to speak with a live operator Monday through Friday [9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Eastern time]. |
You may revoke a proxy once it is given. If you desire to revoke a proxy, you must submit a subsequent later dated proxy or a written notice of revocation to the Acquired Fund. You may also give written notice of revocation in person at the Special Meeting. All properly executed proxies received in time for the Special Meeting will be voted as specified in the proxy, or, if no specification is made, FOR the proposal.
Quorum
Only shareholders of record on [ ] (the “Record Date”) are entitled to receive notice of and to vote at the Special Meeting or at any adjournment thereof. Each whole share of the Acquired Fund held as of the Record Date is entitled to one vote and each fractional share is entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. The presence in person or by proxy of shareholders owning one-third of the outstanding shares of the Acquired Fund that are entitled to vote will be considered a quorum for the transaction of business. Any lesser number shall be sufficient for adjournments.
Vote Required
Approval of the proposal will require the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Acquired Fund entitled to vote at the Special Meeting. For this purpose, the term “vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote” means the vote of the lesser of (1) 67% or more of the voting securities present at the Special Meeting, if more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Acquired Fund are present or represented by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Acquired Fund.
Adjournments
If a quorum of shareholders of the Acquired Fund is not present at the Special Meeting, or if a quorum is present but sufficient votes to approve the proposal described in this Proxy Statement are not received, the persons named as proxies may, but are under no obligation to, propose one or more adjournments of the Special Meeting of the Acquired Fund to permit further solicitation of proxies. Any business that might have been transacted at the Special Meeting with respect to the Acquired Fund may be transacted at any such adjourned session(s) at which a quorum is present. The Special Meeting with respect to the Acquired Fund may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes of the Acquired Fund properly cast upon the question of adjourning the Special Meeting of the Acquired Fund to another date and time, whether or not a quorum is present, and the Special Meeting of the Acquired Fund may be held as adjourned without further notice. The persons designated as proxies may use their discretionary authority to vote on questions of adjournment and on any other proposals raised at the Special Meeting to the extent permitted by the SEC's proxy rules, including proposals for which timely notice was not received, as set forth in the SEC's proxy rules.
If it is decided to hold the Special Meeting at a different time or in a different location, we plan to announce any such updates on our proxy website [ ].
Effect of Abstentions and Broker “Non-Votes”
All proxies voted, including abstentions and broker non-votes (i.e., shares held by brokers or nominees, typically in “street name,” as to which (i) instructions have not been received from the beneficial owners or persons entitled to vote and (ii) the broker or nominee does not have discretionary voting power on a particular matter), will be counted toward establishing a quorum.
Broker-dealer firms holding shares of the Acquired Fund in “street name” for the benefit of their customers and clients will request the instructions of such customers and clients on how to vote their shares before the Special Meeting. Under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, broker-dealer firms may, for certain “routine” matters, without instructions from their customers and clients, grant discretionary authority to the proxies designated by the Board to vote if no instructions have been received prior to the date specified in the broker-dealer firm’s request for voting instructions. The proposal is not a “routine” matter under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange. If you do not give instructions to your broker, your broker will not be able to vote your shares with respect to this proposal. We urge you to provide instructions to your broker or nominee so that your votes may be counted. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have the effect of votes against the proposal. Abstentions will have no effect on the outcome of a vote on adjournment.
| B. | Method and Cost of Solicitation |
This Proxy Statement is being sent to you in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board for use at the Special Meeting. The Trust expects that the solicitation of proxies will be primarily by mail and telephone. Riverbridge has retained [ ] to provide proxy services, at an anticipated cost of approximately $[ ]. Riverbridge will bear the costs of the Special Meeting, including legal costs, the costs of retaining [ ], and other expenses incurred in connection with the solicitation of proxies.
Any shareholder giving a proxy may revoke it before it is exercised at the Special Meeting, either by providing written notice to the Trust, by submission of a later-dated, duly executed proxy or by voting in person at the Special Meeting. A prior proxy can also be revoked by proxy voting again through the toll-free number listed in the enclosed Voting Instructions. If not so revoked, the votes will be cast at the Special Meeting, and any postponements or adjournments thereof. Attendance by a shareholder at the Special Meeting does not, by itself, revoke a proxy.
| D. | Shareholders Entitled to Vote and Principal Holders |
Shareholders Entitled to Vote
Shareholders of the Acquired Fund at the close of business on the Record Date will be entitled to be present and vote at the Meeting. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each share held and fractional votes for fractional shares held. As of the Record Date, [ ] shares of the Acquired Fund ([ ] Investor Class Shares and [ ] Institutional Class Shares) were outstanding.
Principal Holders and Control Persons
To the knowledge of the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund, as of the Record Date, the following persons held of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a class of the Acquired Fund or Acquiring Fund. The Funds have no information regarding the beneficial owners of Fund shares owned through accounts with financial intermediaries.
Principal Shareholder | Percentage of Total Outstanding Shares of the Class as of Record Date |
Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund – Investor Class | |
| |
Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund – Institutional Class | |
| |
Riverbridge Growth Fund – Investor Class | |
| |
Riverbridge Growth Fund – Institutional Class | |
| |
To the knowledge of the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund, as of the Record Date, the following persons held of record or beneficially 25% or more of the outstanding shares of the Acquired Fund or Acquiring Fund. Persons holding more than 25% of the outstanding shares of a Fund may be deemed to have “control” (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) and may be able to affect or determine the outcome of matters presented for a vote of shareholders.
Control Persons | Jurisdiction | Percentage of Total Outstanding Shares of the Fund as of the Record Date |
Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund | | |
Riverbridge Growth Fund | | |
| E. | Interest of Certain Persons in the Transaction |
Riverbridge may be deemed to have an interest in the Reorganization because it will continue as investment advisor to the Acquiring Fund following the Reorganization and will continue to receive fees from the Acquiring Fund for its services as investment advisor.
III. | Miscellaneous Information |
The Board knows of no other business to be brought before the Special Meeting. If any other matters come before the Special Meeting, the Board intends that proxies that do not contain specific restrictions to the contrary will be voted on those matters in accordance with the judgment of the persons named in the enclosed proxy card.
| B. | Next Meeting of Shareholders |
The Acquired Fund is not required and does not intend to hold annual or other periodic meetings of shareholders except as required by the 1940 Act. By observing this policy, the Acquired Fund seeks to avoid the expenses customarily incurred in the preparation of proxy material and the holding of shareholder meetings, as well as the related expenditure of staff time. If the proposal is not approved, the next meeting of the shareholders of the Acquired Fund will be held at such time as the Board may determine or at such time as may be legally required. Any shareholder proposal intended to be presented at such meeting must be received by the Trust at its office at a reasonable time before the Trust begins to print and mail its proxy statement, as determined by the Board, to be included in the Acquired Fund’s proxy statement and form of proxy relating to that meeting and must satisfy all other legal requirements.
Neither Fund is involved in any litigation or proceeding that management believes is likely to have any material adverse financial effect upon the ability of Riverbridge to provide investment advisory services or any material adverse effect upon either Fund.
Certain legal matters concerning the issuance of shares of the Acquiring Fund in connection with the Reorganization, and certain legal matters concerning the federal tax consequences of the Reorganization, will be passed upon by Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP.
The financial statements of the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund for the year ended November 30, 2019, contained in the Acquired Fund’s and Acquiring Fund’s 2019 Annual Report to Shareholders, have been audited by Tait Weller & Baker LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. Tait Weller & Baker LLP serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Acquiring Fund and the Acquired Fund.
| E. | Information Filed with the SEC |
The Trust is subject to the information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the 1940 Act and in accordance therewith, file reports and other information, including proxy materials and charter documents, with the SEC. Copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at publicinfo@sec.gov. In addition, copies of these documents may be viewed online or downloaded from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
APPENDIX A - FORM OF AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION
This Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (this “Agreement”) is made as of this __ day of _____________, by and among Investment Managers Series Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”), on behalf of the Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund, a separate series thereof (the “Acquired Fund”); the Trust, on behalf of the Riverbridge Growth Fund, a separate series thereof (the “Acquiring Fund”); and, solely for purposes of Section 4.4, Riverbridge Partners, LLC (“Riverbridge”). The Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund may be referred to herein individually as a “Fund” and collectively as the “Funds.”
WHEREAS, the parties wish to effect a reorganization which will consist of the transfer of all of the assets of the Acquired Fund to the Acquiring Fund in exchange for the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of all of the liabilities of the Acquired Fund and the issuance by the Acquiring Fund to the Acquired Fund of the number of shares of the Acquiring Fund (the “Acquiring Fund Shares”) determined in accordance with Section 1.1; and the distribution of the Acquiring Fund Shares by the Acquired Fund pro rata to its shareholders, on a class-by-class basis, in exchange for their shares in the Acquired Fund (“Acquired Fund Shares”) and in complete liquidation and dissolution of the Acquired Fund (collectively, the “Reorganization”), all as more fully set forth in this Agreement;
WHEREAS, the Board of Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), has determined that the Reorganization is in the best interests of the shareholders of the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund, respectively, and that shareholders’ interests would not be diluted as a result of the transactions contemplated thereby; and
WHEREAS, this Agreement is intended to constitute a “plan of reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, with respect to the Reorganization;
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the agreements contained in this Agreement, the parties agree as follows:
Article 1
Transfer of Assets and Liabilities
1.1 Transfer of Assets and Liabilities. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, on the Closing Date (as hereinafter defined) the Acquired Fund shall transfer all of its assets to the Acquiring Fund. In exchange therefor, the Acquiring Fund shall assume all of the liabilities of the Acquired Fund and deliver to the Acquired Fund the number of full and fractional Acquiring Fund Shares of each class corresponding to an outstanding class of Acquired Fund Shares which is equal to (i) the aggregate net asset value attributable to that class of Acquired Fund Shares at the close of business on the Closing Date, divided by (ii) the net asset value per share of such class of Acquiring Fund Shares outstanding at the close of business on the Closing Date. For the avoidance of doubt, Investor Class Shares of the Acquiring Fund correspond to Investor Class Shares of the Acquired Fund, and Institutional Class Shares of the Acquiring Fund correspond to Institutional Class Shares of the Acquired Fund.
1.2 Liquidation of the Acquired Fund. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, on the Closing Date the Acquired Fund shall distribute, in liquidation, to its shareholders of record in proportion to the respective numbers of Acquired Fund Shares of each class of the Acquired Fund held by such shareholders, determined as of the close of business on the Closing Date, the Acquiring Fund Shares of the corresponding class received by the Acquired Fund pursuant to Section 1.1.
1.3 No Issuance of Share Certificates. The Acquired Fund shall accomplish the liquidation and distribution provided for herein by opening accounts on the books of the Acquiring Fund in the names of its shareholders and transferring to its shareholders the Acquiring Fund Shares credited to the account of the Acquired Fund on the books of the Acquiring Fund. No certificates evidencing Acquiring Fund Shares shall be issued.
1.4 Time and Date of Valuation. The number of Acquiring Fund Shares to be issued by the Acquiring Fund to the Acquired Fund shall be computed as of 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the Closing Date in accordance with the regular practices of the Funds and the Trust.
1.5 Closing Time and Place. The Closing Date shall be ________________, or such later date as the parties may mutually agree. All acts taking place on the Closing Date shall be deemed to take place simultaneously as of the close of business on the Closing Date, unless otherwise provided. The closing of the Reorganization (the “Closing”) shall be held at 5:00 PM (Eastern time) at the offices of Mutual Fund Administration, LLC, 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226, Glendora, California 91740, or such other time and/or place as the parties may mutually agree.
1.6 Delay of Valuation. If on the Closing Date (a) the primary trading market for portfolio securities of either Fund is closed to trading or trading thereon is restricted, or (b) trading or the reporting of trading is disrupted so that an accurate appraisal of the value of the net assets of either Fund and an accurate calculation of the number of shares held by such Fund’s shareholders is impracticable, the Closing Date shall be postponed until the first business day after the day when trading shall have been fully resumed and reporting shall have been restored.
1.7 Termination of the Acquired Fund. As promptly as practicable after the Closing, the Acquired Fund shall dissolve.
Article 2
Conditions Precedent to the Effectiveness of the Reorganization
The respective obligation of each party to effect the Reorganization contemplated by this Agreement is subject to the satisfaction or waiver on or prior to the Closing Date of the following conditions:
2.1 Shareholder Approval. On or prior to the Closing Date, the shareholders of the Acquired Fund shall have approved the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in accordance with the provisions of Delaware law and the 1940 Act. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, neither the Acquiring Fund nor the Acquired Fund may waive the conditions set forth in this Section 2.1.
2.2 No Injunctions or Restraints. On the Closing Date, no action, suit or other proceeding shall be pending before any court or government agency which seeks to restrain or prohibit or obtain damages or other relief in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
2.3 Consents. All consents of the other parties and all other consents, orders and permits of Federal, state and local regulatory authorities deemed necessary by the Trust to permit consummation, in all material respects, of the transactions contemplated herein shall have been obtained, except where failure to obtain any such consent, order or permit would not involve a risk of a material adverse effect on the assets or properties of any party or the Trust.
2.4 Effective Registration Statement. The Form N-1A Registration Statement of the Trust with respect to the Acquiring Fund Shares shall continue to be effective and no stop orders suspending the effectiveness thereof shall have been issued and, to the best knowledge of the parties hereto, no investigation or proceeding for that purpose shall have been instituted or be pending, threatened or contemplated.
2.5 Tax Opinion. The parties shall have received the opinion of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, dated as of the Closing Date, substantially to the effect that, based upon certain facts, qualifications, assumptions, certifications and representations, for federal income tax purposes:
| a) | The Reorganization will constitute a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, and each of the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund will be a “party to a reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(b) of the Code; |
| b) | No gain or loss will be recognized by the Acquiring Fund upon its receipt of all the assets of the Acquired Fund solely in exchange for Acquiring Fund Shares and the assumption of all the liabilities of the Acquired Fund; |
| c) | The tax basis in the hands of the Acquiring Fund of each asset of the Acquired Fund transferred from the Acquired Fund to the Acquiring Fund in the Reorganization will be the same as the tax basis of such asset in the hands of the Acquired Fund immediately prior to the transfer thereof, increased by the amount of gain (or decreased by the amount of loss), if any, recognized by the Acquired Fund on the transfer; |
| d) | The holding period in the hands of the Acquiring Fund of each asset of the Acquired Fund transferred from the Acquired Fund to the Acquiring Fund in the Reorganization, other than assets with respect to which gain or loss is required to be recognized in the Reorganization, will include the Acquired Fund’s holding period for such asset (except where investment activities of the Acquiring Fund have the effect of reducing or eliminating the holding period with respect to an asset); |
| e) | No gain or loss will be recognized by the Acquired Fund upon the transfer of all its assets to the Acquiring Fund solely in exchange for the Acquiring Fund Shares and the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of all the liabilities of the Acquired Fund, or upon the distribution of the Acquiring Fund Shares to the shareholders of the Acquired Fund, except for (i) any gain or loss that may be recognized with respect to contracts subject to Section 1256 of the Code, (ii) any gain that may be recognized on the transfer of stock in a “passive foreign investment company” as defined in Section 1297(a) of the Code, and (iii) any other gain or loss that may be required to be recognized (A) as a result of the closing of the Acquired Fund’s taxable year, or (B) upon the transfer of an asset regardless of whether such transfer would otherwise be a non-recognition transaction under the Code; |
| f) | No gain or loss will be recognized by the shareholders of the Acquired Fund upon the exchange of their Acquired Fund Shares solely for Acquiring Fund Shares as part of the Reorganization; |
| g) | The aggregate tax basis of the Acquiring Fund Shares that each shareholder of the Acquired Fund receives in the Reorganization will be the same as the aggregate tax basis of the Acquired Fund Shares exchanged therefor; |
| h) | The holding period of each shareholder of the Acquired Fund for the Acquiring Fund Shares received in the Reorganization will include the holding period for which such shareholder held the Acquired Fund Shares exchanged therefor, provided that the Acquired Fund shareholder held such Acquired Fund Shares as capital assets on the date of the exchange. |
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, neither the Acquiring Fund nor the Acquired Fund may waive the conditions set forth in this Section 2.5.
2.6 Covenants, Representations and Warranties. Each party shall have performed all of its covenants set forth in Article 4, and its representations and warranties set forth in Article 3 shall be true and correct in all material respects on and as of the Closing Date as if made on such date, and the President of the Trust shall have executed a certificate to such effect.
2.7 Statement of Assets and Liabilities. The Acquired Fund shall have delivered to the Trust on the Closing Date a statement of its assets and liabilities, prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied, together with a certificate of its Treasurer as to its portfolio securities and the federal income tax basis and holding period as of the Closing Date.
Article 3
Representations and Warranties
The parties represent and warrant as follows:
3.1 Structure and Standing. Each Fund represents and warrants that it is a separate series of the Trust, a statutory trust duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and has the power to own all of its properties and assets and conduct its business.
3.2 Power. Each Fund represents and warrants that it has full power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement; the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement has been duly authorized by all necessary action of the Board of Trustees of the Trust; this Agreement does not violate, and its performance will not result in violation of, any provision of the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”), or any agreement, instrument or other undertaking to which it is a party or by which it is bound; and this Agreement constitutes its valid and binding contract enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to the effects of bankruptcy, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance and similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally and court decisions with respect thereto.
3.3 Litigation. Each Fund represents and warrants that no litigation or administrative proceeding or investigation of or before any court or governmental body is currently pending against it and, to the best of its knowledge, none is threatened against it or any of its properties or assets, which, if adversely determined, would materially and adversely affect its financial condition or the conduct of its business; it knows of no facts which might form the basis for the institution of such proceedings; and it is not a party to or subject to the provisions of any order, decree or judgment of any court or governmental body which materially and adversely affects its business or its ability to consummate the transactions herein contemplated.
3.4 Fund Assets. The Acquired Fund represents and warrants that on the Closing Date the assets received by the Acquiring Fund from the Acquired Fund will be delivered to the Acquiring Fund as provided in Section 1.1 free and clear of all liens, pledges, security interests, charges or other encumbrances of any nature whatsoever created by the Acquired Fund and without any restriction upon the transfer thereof, except for such liabilities assumed as provided in Section 1.1.
3.5 The Acquiring Fund Shares. The Acquiring Fund represents and warrants that on the Closing Date (a) the Acquiring Fund Shares to be delivered to the Acquired Fund as contemplated in this Agreement will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable; (b) no shareholder of the Acquiring Fund or any other series of the Trust has any preemptive right to subscription or purchase in respect thereof; (c) the Acquired Fund will acquire the Acquiring Fund Shares free and clear of all liens, pledges, security interests, charges or other encumbrances of any nature whatsoever created by the Trust and without any restriction on the transfer thereof; and (d) the Acquiring Fund Shares will be duly qualified for offering to the public in all of the states of the United States in which such qualification is required or an exemption from such requirement shall have been obtained.
3.6 Tax Status and Filings. Each Fund represents and warrants that it is treated as a corporation separate from the other series of the Trust under Section 851(g) of the Code; that it has satisfied (or will satisfy) the requirements of Subchapter M of the Code for treatment as a regulated investment company for each taxable year since its formation and has elected to be treated as such; that it has filed (or will file) or furnished all federal, state, and other tax returns and reports required by law to have been filed or furnished, and it has paid or made provision for payment of, so far as due, all federal, state and other taxes, interest and penalties; that no such return is currently being audited; and that no assessment has been asserted with respect to any such returns or reports.
3.7 Accuracy of Information. Each Fund represents and warrants that all information furnished by it to the other parties for use in any documents which may be necessary in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will be accurate and complete and will comply in all material respects with federal securities and other laws and regulations applicable thereto.
3.8 Acquisition of the Acquiring Fund Shares. The Acquired Fund represents and warrants that the Acquiring Fund Shares it acquires pursuant to this Agreement are not being acquired for the purpose of making any distribution thereof, except in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
3.9 Financial Statements. Each Fund represents and warrants that its financial statements for the fiscal year ending November 30, 2020, provided to the other parties has been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied, and fairly reflects the financial condition of such Fund as of such date, and there are no known contingent liabilities of such Fund as of such date not disclosed therein.
3.10 No Adverse Changes. Each Fund represents and warrants that since November 30, 2020, there has been no material adverse change in its financial condition, assets, liabilities or business other than changes occurring in the ordinary course of business except as otherwise disclosed in writing to and accepted by the other parties (for the purposes of this paragraph, a decline in net asset value per share of a Fund shall not constitute a material adverse change).
3.11 Proxy Statement. Each Fund represents and warrants that the Combined Proxy Statement and Prospectus contained in the Registration Statement on Form N-14 to be used in connection with the transaction contemplated hereby (only insofar as it relates to such Fund) will, on its effective date and on the Closing Date, not contain any untrue statement of material fact with respect to such Fund or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein with respect to such Fund or necessary to make the statements therein with respect to such Fund, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not materially misleading.
3.12 Tax Distributions of the Acquired Fund. The Acquired Fund shall have distributed to its shareholders of record, on or prior to the Closing Date, one or more dividends and/or other distributions qualifying for the deduction for dividends paid under Section 561 of the Code so that the Acquired Fund will have distributed all of (a) its investment company taxable income (as defined in Section 852(b)(2) of the Code determined without regard to Section 852(b)(2)(D) of the Code), (b) the excess of (i) its interest income excludable from gross income under Section 103(a) of the Code, if any, over (ii) its deductions disallowed under Sections 265 and 171(a)(2) of the Code, and (c) its net capital gain (as such term is used in Sections 852(b)(3)(A) and (C) of the Code), after reduction by any available capital loss carryovers, that has accrued or been recognized, respectively, through the Closing Date such that for each taxable year ending on or prior to the Closing Date (and treating the current taxable year as ending on the Closing Date) the Acquired Fund will not have any unpaid tax liability under Section 852 of the Code. For each calendar year of its operation (including the calendar year that includes the date on which the Acquired Fund liquidates), the Acquired Fund shall have made such distributions, on or prior to the Closing Date, as are necessary so that for all calendar years ending prior to the Closing Date, and for the calendar year that includes the Closing Date, the Acquired Fund will not have any unpaid tax liability under Section 4982 of the Code.
3.13 Tax Distributions of the Acquiring Fund. The Acquiring Fund has distributed to its shareholders of record, on or prior to the Closing Date, one or more dividends and/or other distributions qualifying for the deduction for dividends paid under Section 561 of the Code so that the Acquiring Fund will have distributed all of (a) its investment company taxable income (as defined in Section 852(b)(2) of the Code determined without regard to Section 852(b)(2)(D) of the Code), (b) the excess of (i) its interest income excludable from gross income under Section 103(a) of the Code, if any, over (ii) its deductions disallowed under Sections 265 and 171(a)(2) of the Code, and (c) its net capital gain (as such term is used in Sections 852(b)(3)(A) and (C) of the Code), after reduction by any available capital loss carryovers, such that, for each taxable year ending on or prior to the Closing Date, the Acquiring Fund will not have any unpaid tax liability under Section 852 of the Code. For each calendar year of its operation ending on or before the Closing Date, the Acquiring Fund shall have made such distributions, on or prior to the Closing Date, as are necessary so that for all calendar years ending on or prior to the Closing Date the Acquiring Fund will not have any unpaid tax liability under Section 4982 of the Code.
Article 4
Covenants
4.1 Conduct of Business. During the period from the date of this Agreement and continuing until the earlier of the termination of this Agreement or the Closing Date, each Fund shall operate its business in the ordinary course except as contemplated by this Agreement.
4.2 Shareholder Meeting. The Acquired Fund shall call a special meeting of its shareholders as soon as possible for the purpose of considering the Reorganization contemplated by this Agreement.
4.3 Preparation of Combined Prospectus and Proxy Statement. The Acquiring Fund shall prepare and file a combined prospectus and proxy statement with respect to the Reorganization with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission in form and substance satisfactory to all parties, and shall use its best efforts to provide that the combined prospectus and proxy statement can be distributed to the shareholders of the Acquired Fund as promptly as thereafter as practicable. As soon as reasonably practicable, the parties shall also prepare and file any other related filings required under applicable state securities laws.
4.4 Fees and Expenses. Whether or not this Agreement is consummated, Riverbridge shall bear the costs and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby; provided, however, that the Acquired Fund shall bear the costs and expenses associated with the sale of any of its portfolio securities executed in order to facilitate the Reorganization. The costs and expenses to be borne by Riverbridge include, without limitation: (a) expenses associated with the preparation and filing of the N-14 Registration Statement; (b) postage; (c) printing; (d) accounting fees; (e) audit and legal fees, including fees of the counsel to the Trust and counsel to the Independent Trustees of the Trust; (f) solicitation costs of the transactions; (g) any costs associated with meetings of the Funds’ Board of Trustees relating to the transactions contemplated herein; and (h) any additional costs that Riverbridge may separately agree to in writing. Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, expenses will in any event be paid by the party directly incurring such expenses if and to the extent that the payment by another person of such expenses would result in the disqualification of such party as a “regulated investment company” within the meaning of Section 851 of the Code or would prevent the Reorganization from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1) of the Code.
4.5 Provision of Documents. Each party agrees that it will, from time to time as and when reasonably requested by another party, provide or cause to be provided to the other party such information, execute and deliver or cause to be executed and delivered to the other party such documents, and take or cause to be taken such further action, as the other party may deem necessary in order to carry out the intent of this Agreement.
4.6 Acquired Fund Liabilities. The Acquired Fund will use its best efforts to discharge all of its financial liabilities and obligations prior to the Closing Date.
Article 5
Termination, Amendment and Waiver
5.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated by resolution of the Board of Trustees of the Trust at any time prior to the Closing Date, if
| a) | any party shall have breached any material provision of this Agreement; or |
| b) | circumstances develop that, in the opinion of such Board, make proceeding with the Reorganization inadvisable; or |
| c) | any governmental body shall have issued an order, decree or ruling having the effect of permanently enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting the consummation of this Agreement. |
5.2 Effect of Termination. In the event of any termination pursuant to Section 5.1, there shall be no liability for damage on the part of any party to the other parties.
5.3 Amendment. This Agreement contains the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the Reorganization and may be amended prior to the Closing Date by the parties in writing at any time; provided, however, that there shall not be any amendment that by law requires approval by the shareholders of a party without obtaining such approval.
5.4 Waiver. At any time prior to the Closing Date, unless otherwise noted in this Agreement, any of the terms or conditions of this Agreement may be waived by the Board of Trustees of the Trust if, in its judgment after consultation with legal counsel, such action or waiver will not have a material adverse effect on the benefits intended under this Agreement to the shareholders of either Fund.
Article 6
General Provisions
6.1 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware.
6.2 Assignment. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns, but no assignment or transfer hereof or of any rights or obligations hereunder shall be made by any party without the written consent of the other parties. Nothing herein expressed or implied is intended or shall be construed to confer upon or give any person other than the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns any rights or remedies under or by reason of this Agreement.
6.3 Recourse. All persons dealing with the Acquiring Fund or the Acquired Fund must look solely to the property of such Fund for the enforcement of any claims against such Fund, as none of the trustees, officers, agents and shareholders of the Trust, the Acquiring Fund and the Acquired Fund assume any personal liability for obligations entered into on behalf of the Acquiring Fund or Acquired Fund. Any liability under this Agreement with respect to the Acquired Fund or Acquiring Fund, or in connection with the transactions contemplated herein with respect to the Acquired Fund or Acquiring Fund, shall be discharged only out of the assets of the Acquired Fund or Acquiring Fund, respectively, and no other series of the Trust shall be liable with respect thereto.
6.4 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original.
6.5 Notices. Any notice, report, statement or demand required or permitted by any provisions of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be given by prepaid telegraph, telecopy or certified mail addressed to any party at:
Investment Managers Series Trust
235 West Galena Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212
Attn: Rita Dam
with a copy to:
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
600 Anton Boulevard, Suite 1800
Costa Mesa, California 92626-7653
Attn: Laurie Dee
*** Signature Page Follows***
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have duly executed this Agreement, all as of the date first written above.
| INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST | |
| | | |
| on behalf of the Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund | |
| | | |
| By: | | |
| | | |
| Name: | Maureen Quill | |
| | | |
| Title: | President | |
| INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST | |
| | | |
| on behalf of the Riverbridge Growth Fund | |
| | | |
| By: | | |
| | | |
| Name: | Rita Dam | |
| | | |
| Title: | Treasurer | |
| Riverbridge partners, LLC | |
| | | |
| solely with respect to Section 4.4 | |
| | | |
| By: | | |
| | | |
| Name: | |
| | | |
| Title: | |
APPENDIX B – MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE ACQUIRING FUND
The term “Fund” refers to the Acquiring Fund. The information below assumes the approval of the proposal.
MORE ABOUT THE ACQUIRING FUND’S INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
Investment Objective
The Fund’s investment objective is to seek long term capital appreciation.
There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. The Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval upon at least 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders. The Fund’s investment strategies and policies may be changed from time to time without shareholder approval or prior written notice, unless specifically stated otherwise in this Prospectus or the SAI.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund pursues its investment objective primarily by investing in equity securities of U.S. companies of any size. While the Fund invests primarily in equity securities of U.S. issuers, it may invest in securities of non-U.S. issuers traded in the United States and ADRs. In pursuing the Fund’s investment strategy, the Advisor seeks to identify high quality, well-managed companies that have the ability to grow their earnings even in difficult economic conditions.
The Advisor may sell all or a portion of a position held by the Fund for various reasons, including when one or more of the following occurs: (1) a security’s price has appreciated and the position size has exceeded the Advisor’s position threshold; (2) the company’s fundamentals have deteriorated since it was purchased; (3) the Advisor finds better investment opportunities for the Fund; or (4) the Fund requires cash to meet redemption requests.
When the Advisor believes that current market, economic, political or other conditions are unsuitable and would impair the pursuit of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or debt instruments that carry an investment-grade rating by a national rating agency. When the Fund takes a temporary defensive position, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
Please refer to the Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”) for more information about the Fund’s investment policies and restrictions.
Principal Risks of Investing
The Fund’s principal risks are set forth below. Before you decide whether to invest in the Fund, carefully consider these risk factors and special considerations associated with investing in the Fund, which may cause you to lose money.
Principal Risks
Market risk. The market price of a security or instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic or political conditions throughout the world, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, or other events could have a significant impact on a security or instrument. The market value of a security or instrument also may decline because of factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. For example, the financial crisis that began in 2008 caused a significant decline in the value and liquidity of many securities; in particular, the values of some sovereign debt and of securities of issuers that invest in sovereign debt and related investments fell, credit became more scarce worldwide and there was significant uncertainty in the markets. Such environments could make identifying investment risks and opportunities especially difficult for the Advisor. In response to the crisis, the United States and other governments have taken steps to support financial markets. The withdrawal of this support or failure of efforts in response to the crisis could negatively affect financial markets generally as well as the value and liquidity of certain securities. In addition, policy and legislative changes in the United States and in other countries are changing many aspects of financial regulation. The impact of these changes on the markets, and the practical implications for market participants, may not be fully known for some time.
Equity risk. The value of equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors relating to specific companies in which the Fund invests. The price of common stock of an issuer in the Fund’s portfolio may decline if the issuer fails to make anticipated dividend payments because, among other reasons, the financial condition of the issuer declines. Common stock is subordinated to preferred stocks, bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure, in terms of priority with respect to corporate income, and therefore will be subject to greater dividend risk than preferred stocks or debt instruments of such issuers. In addition, while broad market measures of common stocks have historically generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, common stocks have also experienced significantly more volatility in those returns.
Market turbulence resulting from COVID-19. An outbreak of an infectious respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 was first detected in China in December 2019 and has spread internationally. This coronavirus has resulted in closing international borders, enhanced health screenings, healthcare service preparation and delivery, quarantines, cancellations, disruptions to supply chains and customer activity, as well as general public concern and uncertainty. The impact of this outbreak has negatively affected the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, the financial health of individual companies and the market in general in significant and unforeseen ways. The future impact of COVID-19 is currently unknown ,and it may exacerbate other risks that apply to the Fund, including political, social and economic risks. Any such impact could adversely affect the Fund’s performance, the performance of the securities in which the Fund invests and may lead to losses on your investment in the Fund.
Growth-oriented investment strategies risk. Growth funds generally focus on stocks of companies believed to have above-average potential for growth in revenue and earnings. Growth securities typically are very sensitive to market movements because their market prices frequently reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and when it appears that those expectations will not be met the prices of growth securities typically fall. Prices of these companies’ securities may be more volatile than those of other securities, particularly over the short term.
Sector focus risk. The Fund may invest a larger portion of its assets in one or more sectors than many other mutual funds and thus will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those sectors. At times the performance of the Fund’s investments may lag the performance of other sectors or the broader market as a whole. Such underperformance may continue for extended periods of time. For example, as of November 30, 2020, significant portions of the Fund’s assets were invested in the Industrials and Information Technology sectors. Companies in the Industrials sector can be significantly affected by general economic trends, changes in consumer sentiment and spending, commodity prices, legislation, government regulation and spending, import controls, and worldwide competition. Companies in the Information Technology sector can be significantly affected by intense competition, consumer preferences, problems with product compatibility and government regulation.
Small-cap and mid-cap company risk. Investing in small-capitalization and mid-capitalization companies generally involves greater risks than investing in large-capitalization companies. Small- or mid-cap companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources or may depend on the expertise of a few people and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than securities of larger, more established companies or market averages in general. Many small capitalization companies may be in the early stages of development. Since equity securities of smaller companies may lack sufficient market liquidity and may not be regularly traded, it may be difficult or impossible to sell securities at an advantageous time or a desirable price.
Management and strategy risk. The value of your investment depends on the judgment of the Advisor about the quality, relative yield, value or market trends affecting a particular security, industry, sector or region, which may prove to be incorrect. Investment strategies employed by the Advisor in selecting investments for the Fund may not result in an increase in the value of your investment or in overall performance equal to other investments.
Foreign investment risk. Investments in foreign securities are affected by risk factors generally not thought to be present in the United States. The prices of foreign securities may be more volatile than the prices of securities of U.S. issuers because of economic and social conditions abroad, political developments, and changes in the regulatory environments of foreign countries. Special risks associated with investments in foreign markets include less liquidity, less developed or less efficient trading markets, lack of comprehensive company information, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, greater risks associated with counterparties and settlement, and difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations. In addition, changes in exchange rates and interest rates, and imposition of foreign taxes, may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s foreign investments. Foreign companies are generally subject to different legal and accounting standards than U.S. companies, and foreign financial intermediaries may be subject to less supervision and regulation than U.S. financial firms. The Fund’s investments in depository receipts (including ADRs) are subject to these risks, even if denominated in U.S. Dollars, because changes in currency and exchange rates affect the values of the issuers of depository receipts. In addition, the underlying issuers of certain depository receipts, particularly unsponsored or unregistered depository receipts, are under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the deposited securities.
Preferred stock risk. Preferred stock represents an equity interest in a company that generally entitles the holder to receive, in preference to the holders of other stocks such as common stocks, dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from a liquidation of the company. Preferred stocks may pay fixed or adjustable rates of return. The market value of preferred stock is subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities and is sensitive to changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness, the ability of the issuer to make payments on the preferred stock and changes in interest rates, typically declining in value if interest rates rise. In addition, a company’s preferred stock generally pays dividends only after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt. Therefore, the value of preferred stock will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects.
Convertible securities risk. Convertible securities are securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for common or preferred stock. The values of convertible securities may be affected by changes in interest rates, the creditworthiness of their issuer, and the ability of the issuer to repay principal and to make interest payments. A convertible security tends to perform more like a stock when the underlying stock price is high and more like a debt security when the underlying stock price is low. A convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible debt security and generally has less potential for gain or loss than the underlying stock.
Cybersecurity risk. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Advisor, and/or other service providers (including custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or loss of operational functionality. A cybersecurity incident may disrupt the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Fund’s ability to calculate its net asset values, and prevent shareholders from redeeming their shares. Issuers of securities in which the Fund invests are also subject to cybersecurity risks and the value of those securities could decline if the issuers experience cybersecurity incidents.
Portfolio Holdings Information
A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio securities is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”). Currently, disclosure of the Fund’s holdings is required to be made quarterly within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter, in the Fund’s Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report to Fund shareholders, and in the quarterly holdings report on Form N-Q, and Part F of Form N-PORT.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
The Advisor
Riverbridge Partners, LLC, a Minnesota limited liability corporation with its principal place of business at 1200 IDS Center, 80 South Eighth Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402, is the Fund’s investment advisor and provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Advisor and the Trust (the “Advisory Agreement”). Founded in 1987, Riverbridge is a registered investment advisor and provides investment management services to institutional and individual investors. As of January 31, 2020, the Advisor’s total assets under management were approximately $5.4 billion.
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the following table illustrates an annual contractual advisory fee to the Advisor for the services and facilities it provides, payable on a monthly basis.
Fund | Contractual Advisory Fees As a Percentage of Average Daily Net Assets |
Growth Fund | 0.75% |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2019, the Advisor received the following advisory fees from the Fund, after waiving fees pursuant to its expense limitation agreement with the Trust on behalf of the Fund:
Fund | Advisory Fees Received As a Percentage of Average Daily Net Assets |
Growth Fund | 0.62% |
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Advisory Agreement is available in the Fund’s Annual Report to shareholders dated as of November 30, 2019.
Portfolio Managers
The Advisor utilizes a team-based approach to managing the Fund. The Fund is managed by the portfolio managers listed below.
Mark A. Thompson co-founded the Advisor in 1987. Mr. Thompson serves as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of the Advisor. As Chief Investment Officer, Mr. Thompson is responsible for coordinating the efforts of the investment team and overall portfolio compliance with the firm’s investment disciplines. He has over 36 years of experience in the financial services industry. Mr. Thompson is a graduate of the University of Minnesota Carlson School of Management with a BSB in Finance. He is a member of the CFA Institute and the CFA Society of Minnesota.
Rick D. Moulton, CFA has been a lead portfolio manager of the Advisor since 1991. Mr. Moulton is a member of the Advisor’s Investment Team and is responsible for portfolio management. He has over 31 years of experience in the financial services industry. Mr. Moulton graduated from the University of Minnesota Carlson School of Management where he received a BSB in Finance. He is a member of the CFA Institute and the CFA Society of Minnesota.
The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ method of compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and the portfolio managers’ ownership of securities in the Fund.
Prior Performance for Similar Accounts Managed by the Advisor
The following tables set forth performance data relating to the historical performance of all private accounts managed by the Advisor for the periods indicated that have investment objectives, policies, strategies and risks substantially similar to those of the Fund. The data is provided to illustrate the past performance of the Advisor in managing substantially similar accounts as measured against market indices and does not represent the performance of the Fund. You should not consider this performance data as an indication of future performance of the Fund.
The private accounts that are included in the performance data set forth below are not subject to the same types of expenses to which the Fund is subject, or to the diversification requirements, specific tax restrictions and investment limitations imposed on the Fund by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) or Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Consequently, the performance results for these private accounts could have been adversely affected if the private accounts had been regulated as investment companies under the federal securities laws.
Average Annual Total Returns
For the Periods Ended December 31, 2019
Riverbridge All Cap Growth Composite
| One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Riverbridge All Cap Growth Composite returns (1) | 31.14% | 14.23% | 15.02% |
Russell 3000® Growth Index | 35.85% | 14.23% | 15.05% |
| (1) | The composite performance does not represent the historical performance of the Fund and should not be interpreted as being indicative of the future performance of the Acquiring Fund. The fees and expenses of accounts included in the composite are lower than the anticipated operating expenses of the Fund and accordingly, the performance results of the composite are higher than what the Fund’s performance would have been. |
The Advisor has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) which differs from the SEC method of calculating performance. The GIPS are a set of standardized, industry-wide principles that provide investment firms with guidance on how to calculate and report their investment results. The GIPS total return is calculated by using a methodology that incorporates the time-weighted rate of return concept for all assets, which removes the effects of cash flows. The SEC standardized total return is calculated using a standard formula that uses the average annual total return assuming reinvestment of dividends and distributions and deduction of sales loads or charges.
The Advisor is an investment advisor registered with the SEC pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
The Riverbridge All Cap Growth composite was created in October 1987. The Riverbridge All Cap Growth composite returns include all accounts with comparable investment objectives as the Riverbridge Growth Fund.
The composite returns are net of management fees and transaction costs and reflect the reinvestment of all income. The composite returns are calculated net of actual investment management fees. Actual fees vary depending on the account size. The composite returns are gross of all withholding taxes on foreign dividends. Accruals are included in calculations. Valuations and returns are computed and reported in U.S. dollars. The composite’s minimum account value is $100,000.
The Russell 3000® Growth Index measures the performance of the broad growth segment of the U.S. equity universe. It includes those Russell 3000® Index companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The Russell 3000® Index measures the performance of the largest 3000 U.S. companies representing approximately 98% of the investable U.S. equity market. The Russell 3000® Growth Index is constructed to provide a comprehensive, unbiased, and stable barometer of the broad growth market. The Index is completely reconstituted annually to ensure new and growing equities are included and that the represented companies continue to reflect growth characteristics.
The S&P 500 Index is a market weighted index composed of 500 large capitalization companies in the United States.
Other Service Providers
IMST Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), is the Trust’s principal underwriter and acts as the Trust’s distributor in connection with the offering of Fund shares. The Distributor may enter into agreements with banks, broker-dealers, or other financial intermediaries through which investors may purchase or redeem shares. The Distributor is not affiliated with the Trust, the Advisor or any other service provider for the Funds.
Fund Expenses
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses (all of which will be borne directly or indirectly by the Fund’s shareholders), including among others, legal fees and expenses of counsel to the Fund and the Fund’s independent trustees; insurance (including trustees’ and officers’ errors and omissions insurance); auditing and accounting expenses; taxes and governmental fees; listing fees; fees and expenses of the Fund’s custodians, administrators, transfer agents, registrars and other service providers; expenses for portfolio pricing services by a pricing agent, if any; expenses in connection with the issuance and offering of shares; brokerage commissions and other costs of acquiring or disposing of any portfolio holding of the Fund and any litigation expenses.
The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses of the Fund to ensure that the total annual fund operating expenses (excluding any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 1.21% and 0.96% of the average daily net assets of the Fund’s Investor Class shares and Institutional Class shares, respectively. This agreement is in effect until March 31, 2021, with respect to the Fund. If the Reorganization is completed, the Advisor has agreed to maintain this limitation with respect to the Fund for a period of at least two years from the date of the Reorganization. The agreement may be terminated before the applicable date for the Fund only by the Board of Trustees.
Any reduction in advisory fees or payment of the Fund’s expenses made by the Advisor in a fiscal year may be reimbursed by the Fund for a period ending three full fiscal years after the date of reduction or payment if the Advisor so requests. This reimbursement may be requested from the Fund if the reimbursement will not cause the Fund’s annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (a) the expense limitation in effect at the time such fees were waived or payments made, or (b) the expense limitation in effect at the time of the reimbursement. However, the reimbursement amount may not exceed the total amount of fees waived and/or Fund expenses paid by the Advisor and will not include any amounts previously reimbursed to the Advisor by the Fund. Any such reimbursement is contingent upon the Board’s subsequent review of the reimbursed amounts. The Fund must pay current ordinary operating expenses before the Advisor is entitled to any reimbursement of fees and/or Fund expenses.
DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICE PLAN
Distribution and Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees
The Trust has adopted a plan on behalf of the Fund pursuant to Rule 12b-1 of the 1940 Act (the “12b-1 Plan”), which allows the Fund to pay distribution fees for the sale and distribution of its Investor Class shares and/or shareholder liaison service fees in connection with the provision of personal services to shareholders of Investor Class shares and the maintenance of their shareholder accounts. The 12b-1 Plan provides for the payment of such fees at the annual rate of up to 0.25% of average daily net assets attributable to Investor Class shares of the Fund. Since these fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets attributable to Investor Class shares, these fees will increase the cost of your investment and, over time, may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. The net income attributable to Investor Class shares will be reduced by the amount of distribution and shareholder liaison service fees and other expenses of the Fund associated with that class of shares.
To assist investors in comparing classes of shares, the table under the Prospectus heading “Fees and Expenses of the Fund” provides a summary of expenses and an example of the sales charges and expenses of the Fund applicable to each class of shares offered in this Prospectus.
Institutional Class shares are not subject to any distribution fees under the 12b-1 Plan.
Shareholder Service Fee
The Fund may pay a fee at an annual rate of up to 0.10% of its average daily net assets to shareholder servicing agents. Shareholder servicing agents provide non-distribution administrative and support services to their customers, which may include establishing and maintaining accounts and records relating to shareholders, processing dividend and distribution payments from the Funds on behalf of shareholders, forwarding communications from the Fund, providing sub-accounting with respect to Fund shares, and other similar services.
Additional Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
The Advisor may pay service fees to intermediaries such as banks, broker-dealers, financial advisors or other financial institutions, some of which may be affiliates, for sub-administration, sub-transfer agency and other shareholder services associated with shareholders whose shares are held of record in omnibus accounts, other group accounts or accounts traded through registered securities clearing agents.
The Advisor, out of its own resources, and without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders, may provide additional cash payments or non-cash compensation to broker-dealers or intermediaries that sell shares of the Fund. These additional cash payments are generally made to intermediaries that provide shareholder servicing, marketing support and/or access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the intermediary. The Advisor may pay cash compensation for inclusion of the Fund on a sales list, including a preferred or select sales list, or in other sales programs, or may pay an expense reimbursement in cases where the intermediary provides shareholder services to the Fund’s shareholders. The Advisor may also pay cash compensation in the form of finder’s fees that vary depending on the dollar amount of the shares sold.
YOUR ACCOUNT WITH THE FUND
Share Price
The offering price of each class of the Fund’s shares is the net asset value per share (“NAV”) of that class (plus any sales charges, as applicable). The Fund��s NAVs are calculated as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, the normal close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), on each day the NYSE is open for trading. If for example, the NYSE closes at 1:00 p.m. New York time, the Funds’ NAVs would still be determined as of 4:00 p.m. New York time. In this example, portfolio securities traded on the NYSE would be valued at their closing prices unless the Trust’s Valuation Committee determines that a “fair value” adjustment is appropriate due to subsequent events. The NAV for each class of the Fund is determined by dividing the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities, cash and other assets (including accrued interest) allocable to such class, less all liabilities (including accrued expenses) allocable to such class, by the total number of outstanding shares of such class. The Fund’s NAVs may be calculated earlier if permitted by the SEC. The NYSE is closed on weekends and most U.S. national holidays. However, foreign securities listed primarily on non-U.S. markets may trade on weekends or other days on which the Fund does not value its shares, which may significantly affect the Fund’s NAVs on days when you are not able to buy or sell Fund shares.
The Fund’s securities generally are valued at market price. Securities are valued at fair value when market quotations are not readily available. The Board has adopted procedures to be followed when the Fund must utilize fair value pricing, including when reliable market quotations are not readily available, when the Fund’s pricing service does not provide a valuation (or provides a valuation that, in the judgment of the Advisor, does not represent the security’s fair value), or when, in the judgment of the Advisor, events have rendered the market value unreliable (see, for example, the discussion of fair value pricing of foreign securities in the paragraph below). Valuing securities at fair value involves reliance on the judgment of the Advisor and the Board (or a committee thereof), and may result in a different price being used in the calculation of the Fund’s NAVs from quoted or published prices for the same securities. Fair value determinations are made in good faith in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board. There can be no assurance that the Fund will obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it sells the security.
In certain circumstances, the Fund employs fair value pricing to ensure greater accuracy in determining daily NAVs and to prevent dilution by frequent traders or market timers who seek to exploit temporary market anomalies. Fair value pricing may be applied to foreign securities held by the Fund upon the occurrence of an event after the close of trading on non-U.S. markets but before the close of trading on the NYSE when the Fund’s NAVs are determined. If the event may result in a material adjustment to the price of the Fund’s foreign securities once non-U.S. markets open on the following business day (such as, for example, a significant surge or decline in the U.S. market), the Fund may value such foreign securities at fair value, taking into account the effect of such event, in order to calculate the Fund’s NAVs.
Other types of portfolio securities that the Fund may fair value include, but are not limited to: (1) investments that are illiquid or traded infrequently, including “restricted” securities and private placements for which there is no public market; (2) investments for which, in the judgment of the Advisor, the market price is stale; (3) securities of an issuer that has entered into a restructuring; (4) securities for which trading has been halted or suspended; and (5) fixed income securities for which there is no current market value quotation.
PURCHASE OF SHARES
General
This Prospectus offers two classes of shares of the Fund, designated as Investor Class shares and Institutional Class shares. Investor Class shares generally incur annual distribution fees. Institutional Class shares do not incur distribution fees.
By offering multiple classes of shares, the Fund permits each investor to choose the class of shares that is most beneficial given the type of investor, the amount to be invested and the length of time the investor expects to hold the shares.
Before you invest, you should compare the features of each share class, so that you can choose the class that is right for you. When selecting a share class, you should consider the following:
| ● | which shares classes are available to you; |
| ● | how long you expect to own your shares; |
| ● | how much you intend to invest; and |
| ● | total costs and expenses associated with a particular share class. |
Each class of shares generally has the same rights, except for the distribution fees and related expenses associated with each class of shares, and the exclusive voting rights by each class with respect to any distribution plan or service plan for such class of shares.
To purchase shares of the Fund, you must invest at least the minimum amount indicated in the following table.
Minimum Investments | To Open Your Account | To Add to Your Account |
Investor Class shares | | |
Direct Regular Accounts | $1,000 | $100 |
Direct Retirement Accounts | $1,000 | $100 |
Gift Account For Minors | $1,000 | $100 |
Institutional Class shares | | |
All Accounts | $2,500 | None |
Shares of the Fund may be purchased by check, by wire transfer of funds via a bank or through an approved financial intermediary (i.e., a supermarket, investment advisor, financial planner or consultant, broker, dealer or other investment professional and their agents) authorized by the Fund to receive purchase orders. Financial intermediaries may provide varying arrangements for their clients to purchase and redeem shares, which may include additional fees and different investment minimums. In addition, from time to time, a financial intermediary may modify or waive the initial and subsequent investment minimums. When purchasing shares of the Fund, investors must specify whether the purchase is for Investor Class or Institutional Class shares.
You may make an initial investment in an amount greater than the minimum amounts shown in the preceding table and the Fund may, from time to time, reduce or waive the minimum initial investment amounts. The minimum initial investment amount is automatically waived for Fund shares purchased by Trustees of the Trust and current or retired directors and employees of the Advisor and its affiliates.
To the extent allowed by applicable law, the Fund reserves the right to discontinue offering shares at any time or to cease operating entirely.
Additional Share Purchase Programs
Listed below are some of the shareholder services the Fund offers to investors. For a more complete description of the Fund’s shareholder services, such as investment accounts, retirement plans, automated clearing house (“ACH”) deposits, dividend diversification and the systematic withdrawal plan, please contact your authorized dealer.
Additional Investments. Additional subscriptions in the Fund generally may be made by investing at least the minimum amount shown in the table above. Exceptions may be made at the Fund’s discretion. You may purchase additional shares of the Fund by sending a check together with the investment stub from your most recent account statement to the Fund at the applicable address listed in the table below. Please ensure that you include your account number on the check. If you do not have the investment stub from your account statement, list your name, address and account number on a separate sheet of paper and include it with your check. You may also make additional investments in the Fund by wire transfer of funds or through an approved financial intermediary. The minimum additional investment amount is automatically waived for shares purchased by Trustees of the Trust and current or retired directors and employees of the Advisor and its affiliates. Please follow the procedures described in this Prospectus.
Automatic Investment Plan. If you intend to use the Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”), you may open your account with the initial minimum investment amount. Once an account has been opened, you may make additional investments in the Fund at regular intervals through the AIP. If elected on your account application, funds can be automatically transferred from your checking or savings account on the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th or 25th of each month. In order to participate in the AIP, each additional subscription must be at least $100, and your financial institution must be a member of the ACH network. The first AIP purchase will be made 15 days after the Fund’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”) receives your request in good order. The Transfer Agent will charge a $25 fee for any ACH payment that is rejected by your bank. Your AIP will be terminated if two successive mailings we send to you are returned by the U.S. Postal Service as undeliverable. You may terminate your participation in the AIP at any time by notifying the Transfer Agent at 1-888-447-4470 at least five days prior to the date of the next AIP transfer. The Fund may modify or terminate the AIP at any time without notice.
Dividend Reinvestment. You may reinvest dividends and capital gains distributions in shares of the Fund. Such shares are acquired at NAV (without a sales charge) on the applicable payable date of the dividend or capital gain distribution. Unless you instruct otherwise, dividends and distributions on Fund shares are automatically reinvested in shares of the same class of the Fund paying the dividend or distribution. This instruction may be made by writing to the Transfer Agent or by telephone by calling 1-888-447-4470. You may, on the account application form or prior to any declaration, instruct that dividends and/or capital gain distributions be paid in cash or be reinvested in the Fund at the next determined NAV. If you elect to receive dividends and/or capital gain distributions in cash and the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver the check, or if a check remains outstanding for six months or more, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest the distribution check in your account at the Fund’s current NAV and to reinvest all subsequent distributions.
In-Kind Purchases and Redemptions
The Fund reserves the right to accept payment for shares in the form of securities that are permissible investments for the Fund. The Fund also reserves the right to pay redemptions by an “in-kind” distribution of portfolio securities (instead of cash) from the Fund. In-kind purchases and redemptions are generally taxable events and may result in the recognition of gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. See the SAI for further information about the terms of these purchases and redemptions.
Customer Identification Information
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. When you open an account, you will be asked for your name, date of birth (for a natural person), your residential address or principal place of business, and mailing address, if different, as well as your Social Security Number or Taxpayer Identification Number. Additional information is required for corporations, partnerships and other entities, including the name, residential address, date of birth and Social Security Number of the underlying beneficial owners and authorized control persons of entity owners. Applications without such information will not be considered in good order. The Fund reserves the right to deny any application if the application is not in good order.
This Prospectus should not be considered a solicitation to purchase or as an offer to sell shares of the Funds in any jurisdiction where it would be unlawful to do so under the laws of that jurisdiction. Please note that the value of your account may be transferred to the appropriate state if no activity occurs in the account within the time period specified by state law.
Timing and Nature of Requests
The purchase price you will pay for the Fund’s shares will be at the next NAV (plus any sales charge, as applicable) calculated after the Transfer Agent or your authorized financial intermediary receives your request in good order. “Good order” means that your purchase request includes: (1) the name of the Fund, (2) the dollar amount of shares to be purchased, (3) your purchase application or investment stub, and (4) a check payable to Riverbridge Funds. All requests received in good order before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on any business day will be processed on that same day. Requests received at or after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) will be transacted at the next business day’s NAV. All purchases must be made in U.S. Dollars and drawn on U.S. financial institutions.
Methods of Buying
Through a broker- dealer or other financial intermediary | The Fund is offered through certain approved financial intermediaries (and their agents). The Fund is also offered directly. A purchase order placed with a financial intermediary or its authorized agent is treated as if such order were placed directly with the Fund, and will be deemed to have been received by the Fund when the financial intermediary or its authorized agent receives the order and executed at the next NAV (plus any sales charge, as applicable) calculated by the Fund. Your financial intermediary will hold your shares in a pooled account in its (or its agent’s) name. The Fund may pay your financial intermediary (or its agent) to maintain your individual ownership information, maintain required records, and provide other shareholder services. A financial intermediary which offers shares may charge its individual clients transaction fees which may be in addition to those described in this Prospectus. If you invest through your financial intermediary, its policies and fees may be different than those described in this Prospectus. For example, the financial intermediary may charge transaction fees or set different minimum investments. Your financial intermediary is responsible for processing your order correctly and promptly, keeping you advised of the status of your account, confirming your transactions and ensuring that you receive copies of the Fund’s Prospectus. Please contact your financial intermediary to determine whether it is an approved financial intermediary of the Funds or for additional information. |
By mail | The Fund will not accept payment in cash, including cashier’s checks. Also, to prevent check fraud, the Fund will not accept third-party checks, Treasury checks, credit card checks, traveler’s checks, money orders or starter checks for the purchase of shares. All checks must be made in U.S. Dollars and drawn on U.S. financial institutions. |
| To buy shares directly from the Fund by mail, complete an account application and send it together with your check for the amount you wish to invest to the Fund at the address indicated below. To make additional investments once you have opened your account, write your account number on the check and send it to the applicable Fund together with the most recent confirmation statement received from the Transfer Agent. If your check is returned for insufficient funds, your purchase will be canceled and a $25 fee will be assessed against your account by the Transfer Agent. |
| Regular Mail Riverbridge Funds P.O. Box 2175 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 | Overnight Delivery Riverbridge Funds 235 West Galena Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 |
| The Fund does not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be its agents. |
By telephone | To make additional investments by telephone, you must authorize telephone purchases on your account application. If you have given authorization for telephone transactions, and your account has been open for at least 15 days, call the Transfer Agent toll-free at 1-888-447-4470 and you will be allowed to move money in amounts of at least $100 from your bank account to the applicable Fund account upon request. Only bank accounts held at U.S. institutions that are ACH members may be used for telephone transactions. If your order is placed before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day shares will be purchased in your account at the NAV (plus any sales charge, as applicable) calculated on that day. Orders received at or after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) will be transacted at the next business day’s NAV. For security reasons, requests by telephone will be recorded. |
| | |
By wire | To open an account by wire, a completed account application form must be received by the Fund before your wire can be accepted. You may mail or send by overnight delivery your account application form to the Transfer Agent. Upon receipt of your completed account application form, an account will be established for you. The account number assigned to you will be required as part of the wiring instruction that should be provided to your bank to send the wire. Your bank must include the name of the Fund, the account number, and your name so that monies can be correctly applied. Your bank should transmit monies by wire to: |
| UMB Bank, n.a. ABA Number 101000695 For credit to Riverbridge Funds A/C # 9871975819 |
| For further credit to: “Fund Name and Share Class” Your account number Name(s) of investor(s) Social Security Number or Taxpayer Identification Number |
| Before sending your wire, please contact the Transfer Agent at 1-888-447-4470 to notify it of your intention to wire funds. This will ensure prompt and accurate credit upon receipt of your wire. Your bank may charge a fee for its wiring service. |
| Wired funds must be received prior to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day to be eligible for same-day pricing. The Fund and UMB Bank, n.a. are not responsible for the consequences of delays resulting from the banking or Federal Reserve wire system, or from incomplete wiring instructions. |
Selling (Redeeming) Fund Shares
Through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary | If you purchased your shares through an approved financial intermediary, your redemption order must be placed through the same financial intermediary. The Fund will be deemed to have received a redemption order when a financial intermediary (or its authorized agent) receives the order. The financial intermediary must receive your redemption order prior to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day for the redemption to be processed at the current day’s NAV. Orders received at or after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day or on a day when the Fund does not value its shares will be transacted at the next business day’s NAV. Please keep in mind that your financial intermediary may charge additional fees for its services. In the event your approved financial intermediary is no longer available or in operation, you may place your redemption order directly with the Fund as described below. |
By mail | You may redeem shares purchased directly from the Fund by mail. Send your written redemption request to Riverbridge Funds at the address indicated below. Your request must be in good order and contain the applicable Fund name and share class, the name(s) on the account, your account number and the dollar amount or the number of shares to be redeemed. The redemption request must be signed by all shareholders listed on the account. Additional documents are required for certain types of shareholders, such as corporations, partnerships, executors, trustees, administrators, or guardians (i.e., corporate resolutions dated within 60 days, or trust documents indicating proper authorization). |
| | |
| Regular Mail Riverbridge Funds P.O. Box 2175 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 | Overnight Delivery Riverbridge Funds 235 West Galena Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 |
| A Medallion signature guarantee must be included if any of the following situations apply: |
| ● You wish to redeem more than $50,000 worth of shares; ● When redemption proceeds are sent to any person, address or bank account not on record; ● If a change of address was received by the Transfer Agent within the last 15 days; ● If ownership is changed on your account; or ● When establishing or modifying certain services on your account. |
By telephone | To redeem shares by telephone, call the Fund at 1-888-447-4470 and specify the amount of money you wish to redeem. You may have a check sent to the address of record, or, if previously established on your account, you may have proceeds sent by wire or electronic funds transfer through the ACH network directly to your bank account. Wire transfers are subject to a $20 fee paid by the shareholder and your bank may charge a fee to receive wired funds. Checks sent via overnight delivery are subject to a $25 charge. You do not incur any charge when proceeds are sent via the ACH network; however, credit may not be available for two to three business days. |
| If you are authorized to perform telephone transactions (either through your account application form or by subsequent arrangement in writing with the Funds), you may redeem shares up to $50,000 by instructing the Fund by phone at 1-888-447-4470. Unless noted on the initial account application, a Medallion signature guarantee is required of all shareholders in order to qualify for or to change telephone redemption privileges. |
| Note: The Fund and all of its service providers will not be liable for any loss or expense in acting upon instructions that are reasonably believed to be genuine. To confirm that all telephone instructions are genuine, the caller must verify the following: |
| ● The applicable Fund account number; ● The name in which his or her account is registered; ● The Social Security Number or Taxpayer Identification Number under which the account is registered; and ● The address of the account holder, as stated in the account application form. |
Medallion Signature Guarantee
In addition to the situations described above, the Fund reserves the right to require a Medallion signature guarantee in other instances based on the circumstances relative to the particular situation.
Shareholders redeeming more than $50,000 worth of shares by mail should submit written instructions with a Medallion signature guarantee from an eligible institution acceptable to the Transfer Agent, such as a domestic bank or trust company, broker, dealer, clearing agency or savings association, or from any participant in a Medallion program recognized by the Securities Transfer Association. The three currently recognized Medallion programs are Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program, Stock Exchanges Medallion Program and New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Medallion Signature Program. Signature guarantees that are not part of these programs will not be accepted. Participants in Medallion programs are subject to dollar limitations which must be considered when requesting their guarantee. The Transfer Agent may reject any signature guarantee if it believes the transaction would otherwise be improper. A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
You may request that a predetermined dollar amount be sent to you on a monthly or quarterly basis. Your account must maintain a value of at least $10,000 for you to be eligible to participate in the Systematic Withdrawal Plan (“SWP”). The minimum withdrawal amount is $100. If you elect to receive redemptions through the SWP, the Fund will send a check to your address of record, or will send the payment via electronic funds transfer through the ACH network, directly to your bank account on record. You may request an application for the SWP by calling the Transfer Agent toll-free at 1-888-447-4470. The Fund may modify or terminate the SWP at any time. You may terminate your participation in the SWP by calling the Transfer Agent at least five business days before the next withdrawal.
Payment of Redemption Proceeds
You may redeem shares of the Fund at a price equal to the NAV next determined after the Transfer Agent and/or authorized agent receives your redemption request in good order. Generally, your redemption request cannot be processed on days the NYSE is closed. Redemption proceeds for requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent and/or authorized agent before the close of the regular trading session of the NYSE (generally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) will usually be sent to the address of record or the bank you indicate, or wired using the wire instructions on record, on the following business day. Payment of redemption proceeds may take longer than typically expected, but will be sent within seven calendar days after the Fund receives your redemption request, except as specified below.
If you purchase shares using a check and request a redemption before the check has cleared, the Fund may postpone payment of your redemption proceeds up to 15 calendar days while the Fund waits for the check to clear. Furthermore, the Fund may suspend the right to redeem shares or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for more than seven calendar days: (1) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend or holiday closings) or trading on the NYSE is restricted; (2) for any period during which an emergency exists affecting the sale of the Fund’s securities or making such sale or the fair determination of the value of the Fund’s net assets not reasonably practicable; or (3) for such other periods as the SEC may permit for the protection of the Fund’s shareholders.
Other Redemption Information
IRA and retirement plan redemptions from accounts for which UMB Bank, n.a. is the custodian must be completed on an IRA Distribution Form or other acceptable form approved by UMB Bank, n.a. Shareholders who hold shares of the Fund through an IRA or other retirement plan must indicate on their redemption request whether to withhold federal income tax. Such redemption requests will generally be subject to a 10% federal income tax withholding unless a shareholder elects not to have taxes withheld. An IRA owner with a foreign residential address may not elect to forgo the 10% withholding. In addition, if you are a resident of certain states, state income tax also applies to non-Roth IRA distributions when federal withholding applies. Please consult with your tax professional.
The Fund generally pays sale (redemption) proceeds in cash. The Fund typically expects to satisfy redemption requests by selling portfolio assets or by using holdings of cash or cash equivalents. The Fund may utilize a temporary overdraft facility offered through their custodian, UMB Bank, n.a., in order to assist the Fund in meeting redemption requests. The Fund uses these methods during both normal and stressed market conditions. During conditions that make the payment of cash unwise and/or in order to protect the interests of the Fund’s remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay all or part of a shareholder’s redemption proceeds in portfolio securities with a market value equal to the redemption price (redemption-in-kind) in lieu of cash The Fund may redeem shares in kind during both normal and stressed market conditions. Generally, in kind redemptions will be effected through a pro rata distribution of the Fund’s portfolio securities. If the Fund redeems your shares in kind, you will bear any market risks associated with investment in these securities, and you will be responsible for the costs (including brokerage charges) of converting the securities to cash.
The Fund may redeem all of the shares held in your account if your balance falls below the Fund’s minimum initial investment amount due to your redemption activity. In these circumstances, the Fund will notify you in writing and request that you increase your balance above the minimum initial investment amount within 30 days of the date of the notice. If, within 30 days of the Fund’s written request, you have not increased your account balance, your shares will be automatically redeemed at the current NAV. The Fund will not require that your shares be redeemed if the value of your account drops below the investment minimum due to fluctuations of the Fund’s NAV.
Cost Basis Information
Federal tax law requires that regulated investment companies, such as the Fund, report their shareholders’ cost basis, gain/loss, and holding period to the IRS on the shareholders’ Consolidated Form 1099s when “covered” shares of the regulated investment companies are sold. Covered shares are any shares acquired (including pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan) on or after January 1, 2012.
The Fund has chosen “first-in, first-out” (“FIFO”) as its standing (default) tax lot identification method for all shareholders, which means this is the method the Fund will use to determine which specific shares are deemed to be sold when there are multiple purchases on different dates at differing net asset values and the entire position is not sold at one time. The Fund’s standing tax lot identification method is the method it will use to report the sale of covered shares on your Consolidated Form 1099 if you do not select a specific tax lot identification method. Redemptions are taxable and you may realize a gain or a loss upon the sale of your shares. Certain shareholders may be subject to backup withholding.
Subject to certain limitations, you may choose a method other than the Fund’s standing method at the time of your purchase or upon the sale of covered shares. Please refer to the appropriate Treasury regulations or consult your tax advisor with regard to your personal circumstances.
Tools to Combat Frequent Transactions
The Trust’s Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures with respect to frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares by Fund shareholders. The Trust discourages excessive, short-term trading and other abusive trading practices that may disrupt portfolio management strategies and harm the Fund’s performance. The Trust takes steps to reduce the frequency and effect of these activities on the Fund. These steps may include monitoring trading activity and using fair value pricing. In addition, the Fund may take action, which may include using it best efforts to restrict a shareholder from making additional purchases in the Fund, if that shareholder has engaged in four or more “round trips” in the Funds during a 12-month period. Although these efforts (which are described in more detail below) are designed to discourage abusive trading practices, these tools cannot eliminate the possibility that such activity may occur. Further, while the Trust makes efforts to identify and restrict frequent trading, the Trust receives purchase and sale orders through financial intermediaries and cannot always know or detect frequent trading that may be facilitated by the use of intermediaries or the use of group or omnibus accounts by those intermediaries. The Trust seeks to exercise its judgment in implementing these tools to the best of its ability in a manner that the Trust believes is consistent with the interests of Fund shareholders.
Redemption Fee | You will be charged a redemption fee of 1.00% of the value of the Fund’s shares being redeemed if you redeem your shares of the Fund within 90 days of purchase. The FIFO method is used to determine the holding period; this means that if you bought shares on different days, the shares purchased first will be redeemed first for the purpose of determining whether the redemption fee applies. The redemption fee is deducted from the sale proceeds and is retained by the Fund for the benefit of its remaining shareholders. The fee will not apply to redemptions (i) due to a shareholder’s death or disability, (ii) from certain omnibus accounts with systematic or contractual limitations, (iii) of shares acquired through reinvestments of dividends or capital gains distributions, (iv) through certain employer-sponsored retirement plans or employee benefit plans or, with respect to any such plan, to comply with minimum distribution requirements, (v) effected pursuant to asset allocation programs, wrap fee programs, and other investment programs offered by financial institutions where investment decisions are made on a discretionary basis by investment professionals, (vi) effected pursuant to an automatic non-discretionary rebalancing program, (vii) effected pursuant to the SWP, (or (viii) by the Fund with respect to accounts falling below the minimum initial investment amount. The Trust reserves the right to waive this fee in other circumstances if the Advisor determines that doing so is in the best interests of the Fund. |
| Although the Fund aims to apply the redemption fee uniformly, the redemption fee may not apply in certain circumstances where it is not currently practicable for the Fund to impose the fee, such as redemptions of shares held in certain omnibus accounts or retirement plans that cannot implement the redemption fee. |
Monitoring Trading Practices | The Trust may monitor trades in Fund shares in an effort to detect short-term trading activities. If, as a result of this monitoring, the Trust believes that a shareholder of the Fund has engaged in excessive short-term trading, it may, in its discretion, ask the shareholder to stop such activities or refuse to process purchases in the shareholder’s accounts. In making such judgments, the Trust seeks to act in a manner that it believes is consistent with the best interest of Fund shareholders. Due to the complexity and subjectivity involved in identifying abusive trading activity, there can be no assurance that the Trust’s efforts will identify all trades or trading practices that may be considered abusive. |
General Transaction Policies
Some of the following policies are mentioned above. In general, the Fund reserves the right to:
| ● | vary or waive any minimum investment requirement; |
| ● | refuse, change, discontinue, or temporarily suspend account services, including purchase or telephone redemption privileges (if redemption by telephone is not available, you may send your redemption order to the Fund via regular or overnight delivery), for any reason; |
| ● | reject any purchase request for any reason (generally, the Fund does this if the purchase is disruptive to the efficient management of the Fund due to the timing of the investment or an investor’s history of excessive trading); |
| ● | delay paying redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days after receiving a request, if an earlier payment could adversely affect the Fund; |
| ● | reject any purchase or redemption request that does not contain all required documentation; and |
| ● | subject to applicable law and with prior notice, adopt other policies from time to time requiring mandatory redemption of shares in certain circumstances. |
If you elect telephone privileges on the account application or in a letter to the Fund, you may be responsible for any fraudulent telephone orders as long as the Fund and/or its service providers have taken reasonable precautions to verify your identity. In addition, once you place a telephone transaction request, it cannot be canceled or modified.
During periods of significant economic or market change, telephone transactions may be difficult to complete. If you are unable to contact the Fund by telephone, you may also mail your request to the Fund at the address listed under “Methods of Buying.”
Your broker or other financial intermediary may establish policies that differ from those of the Fund. For example, the organization may charge transaction fees, set higher minimum investments, or impose certain limitations on buying or selling shares in addition to those identified in this Prospectus. Contact your broker or other financial intermediary for details.
Please note that the value of your account may be transferred to the appropriate state if no activity occurs in the account within the time period specified by state law.
Exchange Privilege. You may exchange shares of the Fund into shares of another Riverbridge Fund. The amount of the exchange must be equal to or greater than the required minimum initial investment of the other fund, as stated in that fund’s prospectus. You may realize either a gain or loss on those shares and will be responsible for paying any applicable taxes. If you exchange shares through a broker, the broker may charge you a transaction fee. You may exchange shares by sending a written request to the Funds or by telephone. Be sure that your written request includes the dollar amount or number of shares to be exchanged, the name(s) on the account and the account number(s), and is signed by all shareholders on the account. In order to limit expenses, the Fund reserves the right to limit the total number of exchanges you can make in any year.
Conversion of Shares. A share conversion is a transaction in which shares of one class of the Fund are exchanged for shares of another class of the Fund. Share conversions can occur between each share class of the Fund. Generally, share conversions occur when a shareholder becomes eligible for another share class of the Fund or no longer meets the eligibility criteria of the share class owned by the shareholder (and another class exists for which the shareholder would be eligible). Please note that a share conversion is generally a non-taxable event, but you should consult with your personal tax advisor on your particular circumstances. Please note, all share conversion requests must be approved by the Advisor.
A request for a share conversion will not be processed until it is received in “good order” (as defined above) by the Fund or your financial intermediary. To receive the NAV of the new class calculated that day, conversion requests must be received in good order by the Fund or your financial intermediary before 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time or the financial intermediary’s earlier applicable deadline. Please note that, because the NAV of each class of the Fund will generally vary from the NAV of the other class due to differences in expenses, you will receive a number of shares of the new class that is different from the number of shares that you held of the old class, but the total value of your holdings will remain the same.
The Fund’s frequent trading policies will not be applicable to share conversions. If you hold your shares through a financial intermediary, please contact the financial intermediary for more information on share conversions. Please note that certain financial intermediaries may not permit all types of share conversions. The Fund reserves the right to terminate, suspend or modify the share conversion privilege for any shareholder or group of shareholders.
The Fund reserves the right to automatically convert shareholders from one class to another if they either no longer qualify as eligible for their existing class or if they become eligible for another class. Such mandatory conversions may be as a result of a change in value of an account due to market movements, exchanges or redemptions. The Fund will notify affected shareholders in writing prior to any mandatory conversion.
Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings
In order to reduce the amount of mail you receive and to help reduce expenses, we generally send a single copy of any shareholder report and Prospectus to each household. If you do not want the mailing of these documents to be combined with those of other members of your household, please contact your authorized dealer or the Transfer Agent.
Additional Information
The Fund enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including among others the Advisor, who provide services to the Fund. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or “third party”) beneficiaries of, those contractual arrangements.
This Prospectus and the SAI provide information concerning the Fund that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of the Fund. The Fund may make changes to this information from time to time. Neither this Prospectus nor the SAI is intended to give rise to any contract rights or other rights in any shareholder, other than any rights conferred by federal or state securities laws that may not be waived.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will make distributions of net investment income and net capital gains, if any, at least annually, typically in December. The Fund may make additional payments of dividends or distributions if it deems it desirable at any other time during the year.
All dividends and distributions will be reinvested in Fund shares unless you choose one of the following options: (1) to receive net investment income dividends in cash, while reinvesting capital gain distributions in additional Fund shares; or (2) to receive all dividends and distributions in cash. If you wish to change your distribution option, please write to the Transfer Agent before the payment date of the distribution.
If you elect to receive distributions in cash and the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver your check, or if your distribution check has not been cashed for six months, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest the distribution check in your account at the Fund’s then current NAV and to reinvest all subsequent distributions.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
The following discussion is very general and does not address investors subject to special rules, such as investors who hold Fund shares through an IRA, 401(k) plan or other tax-advantaged account. The SAI contains further information about taxes. Because each shareholder’s circumstances are different and special tax rules may apply, you should consult your tax advisor about your investment in the Fund.
You will generally have to pay federal income taxes, as well as any state or local taxes, on distributions received from the Fund, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares. If you sell Fund shares, it is generally considered a taxable event. If you exchange shares of the Fund for shares of another fund, the exchange will be treated as a sale of the Fund’s shares and any gain on the transaction may be subject to federal income tax.
Distributions of net investment income, other than “qualified dividend income,” and distributions of net short-term capital gains, are taxable for federal income tax purposes at ordinary income tax rates. Distributions from the Fund’s net capital gain (i.e., the excess of its net long-term capital gain over its net short-term capital loss) are taxable for federal income tax purposes as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long the shareholder has held Fund shares.
Dividends paid by the Fund (but none of the Fund’s capital gain distributions) may qualify in part for the dividends-received deduction available to corporate shareholders, provided certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied. Distributions of investment income that the Fund reports as “qualified dividend income” may be eligible to be taxed to non-corporate shareholders at the reduced rates applicable to long-term capital gain if derived from the Fund’s qualified dividend income and if certain other requirements are satisfied. “Qualified dividend income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that the Fund receives in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market.
You may want to avoid buying shares of the Fund just before it declares a distribution (on or before the record date), because such a distribution will be taxable to you even though it may effectively be a return of a portion of your investment.
Although distributions are generally taxable when received, dividends declared in October, November or December to shareholders of record as of a date in such month and paid during the following January are treated as if received on December 31 of the calendar year when the dividends were declared.
Information on the federal income tax status of dividends and distributions is provided annually.
Dividends and distributions from the Fund and net gain from redemptions of Fund shares will generally be taken into account in determining a shareholder’s “net investment income” for purposes of the Medicare contribution tax applicable to certain individuals, estates and trusts.
If you do not provide the Fund with your correct taxpayer identification number and any required certifications, you will be subject to backup withholding on your redemption proceeds, dividends and other distributions. The backup withholding rate is currently 24%.
Dividends and certain other payments made by the Fund to a non-U.S. shareholder are subject to withholding of federal income tax at the rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be determined in accordance with any applicable treaty). Dividends that are reported by the Fund as “interest-related dividends” or “short-term capital gain dividends” are generally exempt from such withholding. In general, the Fund may report interest-related dividends to the extent of its net income derived from U.S.-source interest and the Fund may report short-term capital gain dividends to the extent its net short-term capital gain for the taxable year exceeds its net long-term capital loss. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax described in this paragraph.
Under legislation commonly referred to as “FATCA,” unless certain non-U.S. entities that hold shares comply with IRS requirements that will generally require them to report information regarding U.S. persons investing in, or holding accounts with, such entities, a 30% withholding tax may apply to dividends payable to such entities. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the United States and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of the agreement.
Some of the Fund’s investment income may be subject to foreign income taxes that are withheld at the country of origin. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes, but there can be no assurance that the Fund will qualify for treaty benefits.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The following tables are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total return figures represent the percentage that an investor in the Fund would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund class (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). Information for the six months ended May 31, 2020 has not been audited. The financial information for the periods shown has been audited by Tait, Weller & Baker LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s annual report, which is available upon request.
Riverbridge Growth Fund - Investor Class
Per share operating performance.
For a capital share outstanding throughout each period.
| | For the Six Months Ended May 31, 2020 | | | For the Year Ended November 30, | |
| | (Unaudited) | | | 2019 | | | 2018 | | | 2017 | | | 2016 | | | 2015 | |
Net asset value, beginning of period | | $ | 22.18 | | | $ | 20.55 | | | $ | 17.77 | | | $ | 14.86 | | | $ | 14.63 | | | $ | 13.97 | |
Income from Investment Operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment loss1 | | | (0.05 | ) | | | (0.09 | ) | | | (0.08 | ) | | | (0.06 | ) | | | (0.04 | ) | | | (0.05 | ) |
Net realized and unrealized gain | | | 2.92 | | | | 3.05 | | | | 2.88 | | | | 3.46 | | | | 0.57 | | | | 1.02 | |
Net increase from payments by affiliates (Note 3) | | | - | | | | 0.01 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Total from investment operations | | | 2.87 | | | | 2.97 | | | | 2.80 | | | | 3.40 | | | | 0.53 | | | | 0.97 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less Distributions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
From net realized gain | | | (0.31 | ) | | | (1.36 | ) | | | (0.02 | ) | | | (0.49 | ) | | | (0.31 | ) | | | (0.31 | ) |
Total distributions | | | (0.31 | ) | | | (1.36 | ) | | | (0.02 | ) | | | (0.49 | ) | | | (0.31 | ) | | | (0.31 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Redemption Fee Proceeds1 | | | - | 2 | | | 0.02 | | | | - | 2 | | | - | 2 | | | 0.01 | | | | - | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net asset value, end of period | | $ | 24.74 | | | $ | 22.18 | | | $ | 20.55 | | | $ | 17.77 | | | $ | 14.86 | | | $ | 14.63 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return3 | | | 13.13 | %4 | | | 16.65 | %5 | | | 15.74 | % | | | 23.59 | % | | | 3.78 | % | | | 7.14 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratios and Supplemental Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | | $ | 8,189 | | | $ | 7,072 | | | $ | 6,332 | | | $ | 3,910 | | | $ | 3,462 | | | $ | 4,902 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratio of expenses to average net assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Before fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | 1.33 | %6 | | | 1.34 | % | | | 1.43 | % | | | 1.48 | % | | | 1.53 | % | | | 1.67 | % |
After fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | 1.21 | %6 | | | 1.21 | %7 | | | 1.25 | % | | | 1.25 | % | | | 1.25 | % | | | 1.25 | % |
Ratio of net investment loss to average net assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Before fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | (0.61 | )%6 | | | (0.59 | )% | | | (0.61 | )% | | | (0.60 | )% | | | (0.56 | )% | | | (0.79 | )% |
After fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | (0.49 | )%6 | | | (0.46 | )% | | | (0.43 | )% | | | (0.37 | )% | | | (0.28 | )% | | | (0.37 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Portfolio turnover rate | | | 14 | %4 | | | 15 | % | | | 25 | % | | | 13 | % | | | 21 | % | | | 25 | % |
1 | Based on average shares outstanding during the period. |
2 | Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
3 | Total returns would have been lower had expenses not been waived or absorbed by the Advisor. Returns shown include 12b-1 fees of up to 0.25% and do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares. |
4 | Not annualized. |
5 | Payments by affiliates had impact of 0.05% to the total return. |
6 | Annualized. |
7 | Effective December 1, 2018, the annual operating expense limit is changed to 1.21%. |
Riverbridge Growth Fund - Institutional Class
Per share operating performance.
For a capital share outstanding throughout each period.
| | For the Six Months Ended May 31, 2020 | | | For the Year Ended November 30, | |
| | (Unaudited) | | | 2019 | | | 2018 | | | 2017 | | | 2016 | | | 2015 | |
Net asset value, beginning of period | | $ | 22.56 | | | $ | 20.85 | | | $ | 17.98 | | | $ | 15.00 | | | $ | 14.73 | | | $ | 14.04 | |
Income from Investment Operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment loss1 | | | (0.03 | ) | | | (0.04 | ) | | | (0.03 | ) | | | (0.02 | ) | | | - | 2 | | | (0.02 | ) |
Net realized and unrealized gain | | | 2.98 | | | | 3.10 | | | | 2.92 | | | | 3.49 | | | | 0.58 | | | | 1.02 | |
Net increase from payments by affiliates (Note 3) | | | - | | | | 0.01 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Total from investment operations | | | 2.95 | | | | 3.07 | | | | 2.89 | | | | 3.47 | | | | 0.58 | | | | 1.00 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less Distributions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
From net realized gain | | | (0.31 | ) | | | (1.36 | ) | | | (0.02 | ) | | | (0.49 | ) | | | (0.31 | ) | | | (0.31 | ) |
Total distributions | | | (0.31 | ) | | | (1.36 | ) | | | (0.02 | ) | | | (0.49 | ) | | | (0.31 | ) | | | (0.31 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Redemption Fee Proceeds1 | | | - | 2 | | | - | 2 | | | - | 2 | | | - | 2 | | | - | | | | - | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net asset value, end of period | | $ | 25.20 | | | $ | 22.56 | | | $ | 20.85 | | | $ | 17.98 | | | $ | 15.00 | | | $ | 14.73 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return3 | | | 13.27 | %4 | | | 16.80 | %5 | | | 16.06 | % | | | 23.84 | % | | | 4.03 | % | | | 7.32 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratios and Supplemental Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | | $ | 158,893 | | | $ | 123,915 | | | $ | 91,668 | | | $ | 81,107 | | | $ | 57,698 | | | $ | 47,697 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratio of expenses to average net assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Before fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | 1.08 | %6 | | | 1.09 | % | | | 1.18 | % | | | 1.23 | % | | | 1.28 | % | | | 1.42 | % |
After fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | 0.96 | %6 | | | 0.96 | %7 | | | 1.00 | % | | | 1.00 | % | | | 1.00 | % | | | 1.00 | % |
Ratio of net investment loss to average net assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Before fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | (0.35 | )%6 | | | (0.34 | )% | | | (0.36 | )% | | | (0.35 | )% | | | (0.31 | )% | | | (0.54 | )% |
After fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | (0.23 | )%6 | | | (0.21 | )% | | | (0.18 | )% | | | (0.12 | )% | | | (0.03 | )% | | | (0.12 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Portfolio turnover rate | | | 14 | %4 | | | 15 | % | | | 25 | % | | | 13 | % | | | 21 | % | | | 25 | % |
1 | Based on average shares outstanding during the period. |
2 | Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
3 | Total returns would have been lower had expenses not been waived or absorbed by the Advisor. Returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares. |
4 | Not annualized. |
5 | Payments by affiliates had impact of 0.05% to the total return. |
6 | Annualized. |
7 | Effective December 1, 2018, the annual operating expense limit is changed to 0.96%. |
APPENDIX A – CERTAIN INFORMATION RELATED TO PURCHASE OF SHARES THROUGH CERTAIN BROKERAGE PLATFORMS
UBS Financial Services, Inc. (“UBS-FS”)
Pursuant to an agreement with the Fund, Institutional Class Shares may be available on certain brokerage platforms at UBS-FS. For such platforms, UBS-FS may charge commissions on brokerage transactions in the Fund’s Institutional Class Shares. A shareholder should contact UBS-FS for information about the commissions charged by UBS-FS for such transactions. The minimum for the Institutional Class Shares is waived for transactions through such brokerage platforms at UBS-FS.
Appendix C - Financial Highlights of the Acquired Fund
The following table is intended to help you understand the Acquired Fund’s financial performance. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Acquired Fund share. The total return figures represent the percentage that an investor in the Fund would have earned (or lost) on an investment in an Acquired Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). Information for the six months ended May 31, 2020 has not been audited. The financial information for the periods shown has been audited by Tait, Weller & Baker LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Acquired Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s annual report, which is available upon request.
Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund - Investor Class
Per share operating performance.
For a capital share outstanding throughout each period.
| | For the Six Months Ended May 31, 2020 | | | For the Year Ended November 30, | | | For the Period December 31, 2014* through November 30, | |
| | (Unaudited) | | | 2019 | | | 2018 | | | 2017 | | | 2016 | | | 2015 | |
Net asset value, beginning of period | | $ | 15.33 | | | $ | 14.83 | | | $ | 13.02 | | | $ | 10.81 | | | $ | 10.42 | | | $ | 10.00 | |
Income from Investment Operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment loss | | | (0.04 | ) | | | (0.07 | ) | | | (0.07 | ) | | | (0.08 | ) | | | (0.06 | ) | | | (0.07 | ) |
Net realized and unrealized gain | | | 2.01 | | | | 2.28 | | | | 1.88 | | | | 2.40 | | | | 0.64 | | | | 0.49 | |
Total from investment operations | | | 1.97 | | | | 2.21 | | | | 1.81 | | | | 2.32 | | | | 0.58 | | | | 0.42 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less Distributions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
From net realized gain | | | (0.54 | ) | | | (1.72 | ) | | | - | | | | (0.11 | ) | | | (0.19 | ) | | | - | |
Total distributions | | | (0.54 | ) | | | (1.72 | ) | | | - | | | | (0.11 | ) | | | (0.19 | ) | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Redemption Fee Proceeds1 | | | 0.01 | | | | 0.01 | | | | - | 2 | | | - | 2 | | | - | | | | - | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net asset value, end of period | | $ | 16.77 | | | $ | 15.33 | | | $ | 14.83 | | | $ | 13.02 | | | $ | 10.81 | | | $ | 10.42 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return3 | | | 13.34 | %4 | | | 18.86 | % | | | 13.90 | % | | | 21.73 | % | | | 5.69 | % | | | 4.20 | %4 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratios and Supplemental Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | | $ | 7,452 | | | $ | 4,634 | | | $ | 3,292 | | | $ | 619 | | | $ | 284 | | | $ | 214 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratio of expenses to average net assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Before fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | 4.17 | %5 | | | 4.73 | % | | | 7.90 | % | | | 11.24 | % | | | 12.84 | % | | | 17.82 | %5 |
After fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | 1.21 | %5 | | | 1.21 | %6 | | | 1.20 | %7 | | | 1.40 | % | | | 1.40 | % | | | 1.40 | %5 |
Ratio of net investment loss to average net assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Before fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | (3.44 | )%5 | | | (4.04 | )% | | | (7.19 | )% | | | (10.53 | )% | | | (12.04 | )% | | | (17.13 | )%5 |
After fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | (0.48 | )%5 | | | (0.52 | )% | | | (0.49 | )% | | | (0.69 | )% | | | (0.60 | )% | | | (0.71 | )%5 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Portfolio turnover rate | | | 20 | %4 | | | 36 | % | | | 67 | % | | | 13 | % | | | 24 | % | | | 12 | %4 |
* | Commencement of operations. |
1 | Based on average shares outstanding during the period. |
2 | Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
3 | Total returns would have been lower had expenses not been waived or absorbed by the Advisor. Returns shown include 12b-1 fees of up to 0.25% and do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares. |
4 | Not annualized. |
5 | Annualized. |
6 | Effective December 1, 2018, the annual operating expense limit is changed to 1.21%. |
7 | Effective December 1, 2017 through December 1, 2018 the Advisor voluntarily agreed to limit its annual operating expenses to 1.20%. |
Riverbridge Eco Leaders Fund - Institutional Class
Per share operating performance.
For a capital share outstanding throughout each period.
| | For the Six Months Ended May 31, 2020 | | | For the Year Ended November 30, | | | For the Period December 31, 2014* through November 30, | |
| | (Unaudited) | | | 2019 | | | 2018 | | | 2017 | | | 2016 | | | 2015 | |
Net asset value, beginning of period | | $ | 15.53 | | | $ | 14.97 | | | $ | 13.12 | | | $ | 10.86 | | | $ | 10.45 | | | $ | 10.00 | |
Income from Investment Operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment loss | | | (0.02 | ) | | | (0.04 | ) | | | (0.03 | ) | | | (0.05 | ) | | | (0.03 | ) | | | (0.04 | ) |
Net realized and unrealized gain | | | 2.04 | | | | 2.32 | | | | 1.88 | | | | 2.42 | | | | 0.63 | | | | 0.49 | |
Total from investment operations | | | 2.02 | | | | 2.28 | | | | 1.85 | | | | 2.37 | | | | 0.60 | | | | 0.45 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less Distributions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
From net realized gain | | | (0.54 | ) | | | (1.72 | ) | | | - | | | | (0.11 | ) | | | (0.19 | ) | | | - | |
Total distributions | | | (0.54 | ) | | | (1.72 | ) | | | - | | | | (0.11 | ) | | | (0.19 | ) | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Redemption Fee Proceeds1 | | | - | | | | - | 2 | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net asset value, end of period | | $ | 17.01 | | | $ | 15.53 | | | $ | 14.97 | | | $ | 13.12 | | | $ | 10.86 | | | $ | 10.45 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return3 | | | 13.43 | %4 | | | 19.11 | % | | | 14.10 | % | | | 22.09 | % | | | 5.87 | % | | | 4.50 | %4 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratios and Supplemental Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | | $ | 2,689 | | | $ | 2,402 | | | $ | 1,040 | | | $ | 2,086 | | | $ | 1,599 | | | $ | 1,410 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratio of expenses to average net assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Before fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | 3.92 | %5 | | | 4.48 | % | | | 7.65 | % | | | 10.99 | % | | | 12.59 | % | | | 17.57 | %5 |
After fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | 0.96 | %5 | | | 0.96 | %6 | | | 0.95 | %7 | | | 1.15 | % | | | 1.15 | % | | | 1.15 | %5 |
Ratio of net investment loss to average net assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Before fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | (3.19 | )%5 | | | (3.79 | )% | | | (6.93 | )% | | | (10.28 | )% | | | (11.79 | )% | | | (16.88 | )%5 |
After fees waived and expenses absorbed | | | (0.23 | )%5 | | | (0.27 | )% | | | (0.23 | )% | | | (0.44 | )% | | | (0.35 | )% | | | (0.46 | )%5 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Portfolio turnover rate | | | 20 | %4 | | | 36 | % | | | 67 | % | | | 13 | % | | | 24 | % | | | 12 | %4 |
* | Commencement of operations. |
1 | Based on average shares outstanding during the period. |
2 | Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
3 | Total returns would have been lower had expenses not been waived or absorbed by the Advisor. Returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares. |
4 | Not annualized. |
5 | Annualized. |
6 | Effective December 1, 2018, the annual operating expense limit is changed to 0.96%. |
7 | Effective December 1, 2017 through December 1, 2018 the Advisor voluntarily agreed to limit its annual operating expenses to 0.95%. |
Statement of Additional Information
[ ], 2021
RIVERBRIDGE GROWTH FUND
INVESTOR CLASS SHARES (Ticker Symbol: RIVRX)
INSTITUTIONAL CLASS SHARES (Ticker Symbol: RIVBX)
RIVERBRIDGE ECO LEADERS® FUND
INVESTOR CLASS SHARES (Ticker Symbol: ECOLX)
INSTITUTIONAL CLASS SHARES (Ticker Symbol: RIVEX)
Each a series of Investment Managers Series Trust
Riverbridge Fund
P.O. Box 2175
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
1-888-447-4470
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus, and it should be read in conjunction with the Combined Proxy Statement/Prospectus dated [ ], 2021, as may be amended from time to time, (the “Prospectus”) for the Special Meeting of Shareholders of the Riverbridge Eco Leaders® Fund (the “Acquired Fund”), a series of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust, to be held on [ ], 2021. This SAI sets forth information that may be of interest to shareholders relating to the Reorganization, but which is not included in the Combined Proxy Statement/Prospectus. Copies of the Combined Proxy Statement and Prospectus are available upon request and without change by writing to the Trust at 361 Fund, P.O. Box 2175, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 or by calling 1-888-447-4470.
This SAI consists of this document and the following described documents, each of which is incorporated by reference herein:
The term “Fund” refers to the Riverbridge Growth Fund. Please retain this SAI for further reference.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE TRUST AND THE FUND | B-3 |
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, POLICIES AND RISKS | B-3 |
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND | B-25 |
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE | B-38 |
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER | B-39 |
PROXY VOTING POLICY | B-40 |
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM | B-40 |
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION | B-40 |
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE | B-42 |
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF FUND SHARES | B-43 |
FEDERAL INCOME TAX MATTERS | B-44 |
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS | B-50 |
GENERAL INFORMATION | B-51 |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | B-53 |
APPENDIX “A” DESCRIPTION OF SHORT-TERM RATINGS | B-54 |
APPENDIX “B” PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES | B-55 |
APPENDIX “C” SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION | C-1 |
THE TRUST AND THE FUND
The Trust is an open-end management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware on February 15, 2005. The Trust currently consists of several other series of shares of beneficial interest. This SAI relates only to the Fund and not to the other series of the Trust.
The Trust is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as an open-end management investment company. Such a registration does not involve supervision of the management or policies of the Fund. The Prospectus and this SAI omit certain information contained in the Registration Statement filed with the SEC. Copies of such information may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the prescribed fee.
The Fund is classified as a diversified fund, which means it is subject to the diversification requirements under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). Under the 1940 Act, a diversified fund may not, with respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of one issuer (and in not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer), excluding cash, Government securities, and securities of other investment companies.
The Fund currently offers two classes of shares: the Investor Class and the Institutional Class. Other classes may be established from time to time in accordance with the provisions of the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”). Each class of shares of the Fund generally is identical in all respects except that each class of shares is subject to its own distribution expenses and minimum investments. Each class of shares also has exclusive voting rights with respect to its distribution fees.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, POLICIES AND RISKS
The discussion below supplements information contained in the Fund's Prospectus pertaining to the investment policies of the Fund.
Principal Investment Strategies, Policies and Risks
Equity Securities
Common Stock
The Fund may invest in common stock. Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. Common stock generally represents the riskiest investment in a company. In addition, common stock generally has the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company’s stock price.
The fundamental risk of investing in common stock is that the value of the stock might decrease. Stock values fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. While common stocks have historically provided greater long-term returns than preferred stocks, fixed-income and money market investments, common stocks have also experienced significantly more volatility than the returns from those other investments.
Preferred Stock
The Fund may invest in preferred stock. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and a share of the proceeds resulting from the issuer’s liquidation although preferred stock is usually subordinate to the debt securities of the issuer. Some preferred stocks also entitle their holders to receive additional liquidation proceeds on the same basis as the holders of the issuer’s common stock. Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline. Preferred stock may have mandatory sinking fund provisions, as well as call/redemption provisions prior to maturity, a negative feature when interest rates decline. In addition, a fund may receive stocks or warrants as a result of an exchange or tender of fixed income securities. Preference stock, which is more common in emerging markets than in developed markets, is a special type of common stock that shares in the earnings of an issuer, has limited voting rights, may have a dividend preference, and may also have a liquidation preference. Depending on the features of the particular security, holders of preferred and preference stock may bear the risks regarding common stock or fixed income securities.
Small- and Mid-Cap Stocks
The Fund may invest in stock of companies with market capitalizations that are small compared to other publicly traded companies. Investments in larger companies present certain advantages in that such companies generally have greater financial resources, more extensive research and development, manufacturing, marketing and service capabilities, and more stability and greater depth of management and personnel. Investments in smaller, less seasoned companies may present greater opportunities for growth but also may involve greater risks than customarily are associated with more established companies. The securities of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than larger, more established companies. These companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent upon a limited management group. Their securities may be traded in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market or on a regional exchange, or may otherwise have limited liquidity. As a result of owning large positions in this type of security, the Fund is subject to the additional risk of possibly having to sell portfolio securities at disadvantageous times and prices if redemptions require the Fund to liquidate its securities positions. In addition, it may be prudent for the Fund, as its asset size grows, to limit the number of relatively small positions it holds in securities having limited liquidity in order to minimize its exposure to such risks, to minimize transaction costs, and to maximize the benefits of research. As a consequence, as the Fund’s asset size increases, the Fund may reduce its exposure to illiquid small capitalization securities, which could adversely affect performance.
The Fund may also invest in stocks of companies with medium market capitalizations (i.e., mid-cap companies). Such investments share some of the risk characteristics of investments in stocks of companies with small market capitalizations described above, although mid cap companies tend to have longer operating histories, broader product lines and greater financial resources and their stocks tend to be more liquid and less volatile than those of smaller capitalization issuers.
Warrants and Rights
The Fund may invest in warrants or rights (including those acquired in units or attached to other securities) that entitle (but do not obligate) the holder to buy equity securities at a specific price for a specific period of time but will do so only if such equity securities are deemed appropriate by the Advisor. Rights are similar to warrants but typically have a shorter duration and are issued by a company to existing stockholders to provide those holders the right to purchase additional shares of stock at a later date. Warrants and rights do not have voting rights, do not earn dividends, and do not entitle the holder to any rights with respect to the assets of the company that has issued them. They do not represent ownership of the underlying companies but only the right to purchase shares of those companies at a specified price on or before a specified exercise date. Warrants and rights tend to be more volatile than the underlying stock, and if at a warrant’s expiration date the stock is trading at a price below the price set in the warrant, the warrant will expire worthless. Conversely, if at the expiration date the stock is trading at a price higher than the price set in the warrant or right, the Fund can acquire the stock at a price below its market value. The prices of warrants and rights do not necessarily parallel the prices of the underlying securities. An investment in warrants or rights may be considered speculative.
Convertible Securities
The Fund may invest in convertible securities. A convertible security is a preferred stock, warrant or other security that may be converted or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock or other security of the same or a different issuer or into cash within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive the dividend or interest until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities generally have characteristics similar to both fixed income and equity securities. Although to a lesser extent than with fixed income securities generally, the market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, tends to increase as interest rates decline. In addition, because of the conversion feature, the market value of convertible securities tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying common stocks and, therefore, also will react to variations in the general market for equity securities. A significant feature of convertible securities is that as the market price of the underlying common stock declines, convertible securities tend to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and so they may not experience market value declines to the same extent as the underlying common stock. When the market price of the underlying common stock increases, the prices of the convertible securities tend to rise as a reflection of the value of the underlying common stock. While no securities investments are without risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than investments in common stock of the same issuer.
Foreign Investments
The Fund may make foreign investments. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers and other non-U.S. investments may involve risks in addition to those normally associated with investments in the securities of U.S. issuers or other U.S. investments. All foreign investments are subject to risks of foreign political and economic instability, adverse movements in foreign exchange rates, and the imposition or tightening of exchange controls and limitations on the repatriation of foreign capital. Other risks stem from potential changes in governmental attitude or policy toward private investment, which in turn raises the risk of nationalization, increased taxation or confiscation of foreign investors’ assets.
The financial problems in global economies over the past several years, including the European sovereign debt crisis, may continue to cause high volatility in global financial markets. In addition, global economies are increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact a different country or region. The severity or duration of these conditions may also be affected if one or more countries leave the Euro currency or by other policy changes made by governments or quasi-governmental organizations.
Additional non-U.S. taxes and expenses may also adversely affect the Fund’s performance, including foreign withholding taxes on foreign securities’ dividends. Brokerage commissions and other transaction costs on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than in the United States. Foreign companies may be subject to different accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards. To the extent foreign securities held by the Fund are not registered with the SEC or with any other U.S. regulator, the issuers thereof will not be subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC or any other U.S. regulator. Accordingly, less information may be available about foreign companies and other investments than is generally available on issuers of comparable securities and other investments in the United States. Foreign securities and other investments may also trade less frequently and with lower volume and may exhibit greater price volatility than U.S. securities and other investments.
Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the value in U.S. Dollars of any foreign currency-denominated securities and other investments held by the Fund. Exchange rates are influenced generally by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign currency markets and by numerous other political and economic events occurring outside the United States, many of which may be difficult, if not impossible, to predict.
Income from any foreign securities and other investments will be received and realized in foreign currencies, and the Fund is required to compute and distribute income in U.S. Dollars. Accordingly, a decline in the value of a particular foreign currency against the U.S. Dollar occurring after the Fund’ income has been earned and computed in U.S. Dollars may require the Fund to liquidate portfolio securities or other investments to acquire sufficient U.S. Dollars to make a distribution. Similarly, if the exchange rate declines between the time the Fund incur expenses in U.S. Dollars and the time such expenses are paid, the Fund may be required to liquidate additional portfolio securities or other investments to purchase the U.S. Dollars required to meet such expenses.
The Fund may purchase foreign bank obligations. In addition to the risks described above that are generally applicable to foreign investments, the investments that the Fund make in obligations of foreign banks, branches or subsidiaries may involve further risks, including differences between foreign banks and U.S. banks in applicable accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, and the possible establishment of exchange controls or other foreign government laws or restrictions applicable to the payment of certificates of deposit or time deposits that may affect adversely the payment of principal and interest on the securities and other investments held by the Fund.
Depository Receipts
The Fund may invest in depository receipts. American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”) are negotiable receipts issued by a U.S. bank or trust company that evidence ownership of securities in a foreign company which have been deposited with such bank or trust company’s office or agent in a foreign country. European Depository Receipts (“EDRs”) are negotiable certificates held in the bank of one country representing a specific number of shares of a stock traded on an exchange of another country. Global Depository Receipts (“GDRs”) are negotiable certificates held in the bank of one country representing a specific number of shares of a stock traded on an exchange of another country. Canadian Depository Receipts (“CDRs”) are negotiable receipts issued by a Canadian bank or trust company that evidence ownership of securities in a foreign company which have been deposited with such bank or trust company’s office or agent in a foreign country.
Investing in ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and CDRs presents risks that may not be equal to the risk inherent in holding the equivalent shares of the same companies that are traded in the local markets even though the Fund will purchase, sell and be paid dividends on ADRs in U.S. Dollars. These risks include fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which are affected by international balances of payments and other economic and financial conditions; government intervention; speculation; and other factors. With respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of expropriation or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political and social upheaval, and economic instability. The Fund may be required to pay foreign withholding or other taxes on certain ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, or CDRs that it owns, but investors may or may not be able to deduct their pro-rata share of such taxes in computing their taxable income, or take such shares as a credit against their U.S. federal income tax. See “Federal Income Tax Matters.” ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and CDRs may be sponsored by the foreign issuer or may be unsponsored. Unsponsored ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and CDRs are organized independently and without the cooperation of the foreign issuer of the underlying securities. Unsponsored ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and CDRs are offered by companies which are not prepared to meet either the reporting or accounting standards of the United States. While readily exchangeable with stock in local markets, unsponsored ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and CDRs may be less liquid than sponsored ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and CDRs. Additionally, there generally is less publicly available information with respect to unsponsored ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and CDRs.
Cybersecurity Risk
Investment companies, such as the Fund, and their service providers may be subject to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber attacks. Cyber attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cybersecurity breaches. Cyber attacks affecting the Fund or the Advisor, the Fund’ custodian or transfer agent, or intermediaries or other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Fund. For instance, cyber attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Fund’ ability to calculate its net asset value, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential company information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses, and cause reputational damage. The Fund may also incur additional costs for cybersecurity risk management purposes. While the Fund and its service providers have established business continuity plans and risk management systems designed to prevent or reduce the impact of cybersecurity attacks, such plans and systems have inherent limitations due in part to the ever-changing nature of technology and cybersecurity attack tactics, and there is a possibility that certain risks have not been adequately identified or prepared for. Furthermore, the Fund cannot control any cybersecurity plans or systems implemented by their service providers.
Similar types of cybersecurity risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’ investments in such portfolio companies to lose value.
Other Investment Strategies, Policies and Risks
Investment Company Securities
The Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including money market mutual Fund, in accordance with the limitations established under the 1940 Act. Investments in the securities of other investment companies may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in another investment company, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company. As a result, Fund shareholders indirectly will bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the other investment company, in addition to the fees and expenses Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations.
The Fund currently intend to limit their investments in securities issued by other investment companies so that not more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company (other than money market Fund) will be owned by the Fund, or its affiliated persons, as a whole. In addition to the advisory and operational fees the Fund bears directly in connection with its own operation, the Fund would also bear its pro rata portions of each other investment company’s advisory and operational expenses.
Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in securities of other registered investment companies. The acquisition of shares by the Fund in other registered investment companies is therefore subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, except as may be permitted by Rule and/or an exemptive order obtained by the other registered investment companies that permits the Fund to invest in the other registered investment companies beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that the Fund enter into an agreement with the other registered investment companies regarding the terms of the investment.
In accordance with Section 12(d)(1)(F) and Rule 12d1-3 of the 1940 Act, the provisions of Section 12(d)(1) shall not apply to securities purchased or otherwise acquired by the Fund if (i) immediately after such purchase or acquisition not more than 3% of the total outstanding stock of such registered investment company is owned by the Fund and all affiliated persons of the Fund; and (ii) the Fund is not proposing to offer or sell any security issued by it through a principal underwriter or otherwise at a public or offering price including a sales load or service fee that exceeds the limits set forth in Rule 2341 of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) applicable to the Fund of Fund (e.g., 8.5%).
Exchange-Traded Fund
The Fund may invest in ETFs. ETFs are pooled investment vehicles that generally seek to track the performance of specific indices. ETFs may be organized as open-end Fund or as UITs. Their shares are listed on stock exchanges and can be traded throughout the day at market-determined prices.
An ETF generally issues index-based investments in large aggregations of shares known as “Creation Units” in exchange for a “Portfolio Deposit” consisting of (a) a portfolio of securities designated by the ETF, (b) a cash payment equal to a pro rata portion of the dividends accrued on the ETF’s portfolio securities since the last dividend payment by the ETF, net of expenses and liabilities, and (c) a cash payment or credit (“Balancing Amount”) designed to equalize the net asset value of the shares and the net asset value of a Portfolio Deposit.
Shares of ETFs are not individually redeemable, except upon the reorganization, merger, conversion or liquidation of the ETF. To redeem shares of an ETF, an investor must accumulate enough shares of the ETF to reconstitute a Creation Unit. The liquidity of small holdings of ETF shares, therefore, will depend upon the existence of a secondary market for such shares. Upon redemption of a Creation Unit, the investor will receive securities designated by the ETF (“Redemption Securities”) and a cash payment in an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the shares being redeemed and the net asset value of the Redemption Securities.
The price of ETF shares is based upon (but not necessarily identical to) the value of the securities held by the ETF. Accordingly, the level of risk involved in the purchase or sale of ETF shares is similar to the risk involved in the purchase or sale of traditional common stock, with the exception that the pricing mechanism for ETF shares is based on a basket of stocks. Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying ETF shares purchased or sold by the Fund could result in losses on such shares. There is no assurance that the requirements of the national securities exchanges necessary to maintain the listing of shares of any ETF will continue to be met.
Closed-End Fund
The Fund may invest in shares of closed-end Fund. Investments in closed-end Fund are subject to various risks, including reliance on management’s ability to meet the closed-end fund’s investment objective and to manage the closed-end fund portfolio; fluctuation in the net asset value of closed-end fund shares compared to the changes in the value of the underlying securities that the closed-end fund owns; and bearing a pro rata share of the management fees and expenses of each underlying closed-end fund resulting in Fund shareholders being subject to higher expenses than if they invested directly in the closed-end fund(s).
Exchange Traded Notes (“ETNs”)
The Fund may invest in ETNs. An investment in an ETN involves risks, including possible loss of principal. ETNs are unsecured debt securities issued by a bank that are linked to the total return of a market index. Risks of investing in ETNs also include limited portfolio diversification, uncertain principal payment, and illiquidity. Additionally, the investor fee will reduce the amount of return on maturity or at redemption, and as a result the investor may receive less than the principal amount at maturity or upon redemption, even if the value of the relevant index has increased. An investment in an ETN may not be suitable for all investors.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”)
The Fund may invest in REITs. REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in income producing real estate or real estate related loans or interests. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs, or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of principal and interest payments. Similar to regulated investment companies such as the Fund, REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with several requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of expenses incurred by REITs in which the Fund invest in addition to the expenses incurred directly by the Fund.
Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are dependent upon management skills, are not diversified, and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and self-liquidation.
Investing in REITs involves risks similar to those associated with investing in small capitalization companies. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities. Historically, small capitalization stocks, such as REITs, have had more price volatility than larger capitalization stocks.
REITs may fail to qualify for the favorable federal income tax treatment generally available to them under the Code and may fail to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) also are subject to interest rate risks. When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to decline. In contrast, as interest rates on adjustable rate mortgage loans are reset periodically, yields on a REIT’s investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates, causing the value of such investments to fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed-rate obligations.
Master Limited Partnerships (“MLPs”)
The Fund may invest in MLPs. An MLP is an entity receiving partnership taxation treatment under the Code, the interests or “units” of which are traded on securities exchanges like shares of corporate stock. A typical MLP consists of a general partner and limited partners; however, some entities receiving partnership taxation treatment under the Code are established as limited liability companies. The general partner manages the partnership; has an ownership stake in the partnership, typically a 2% general partner equity interest and usually additional common units and subordinated units; and is typically eligible to receive an incentive distribution. The limited partners provide capital to the partnership, have a limited (if any) role in the operation and management of the partnership, and receive cash distributions. An MLP typically pays an established minimum quarterly distribution to common unit holders, as provided under the terms of its partnership agreement. Common units have arrearage rights in distributions to the extent that the MLP fails to make minimum quarterly distributions. Once the MLP distributes the minimum quarterly distribution to common units, subordinated units then are entitled to receive distributions of up to the minimum quarterly distribution, but have no arrearage rights. At the discretion of the general partners’ board of directors, any distributable cash that exceeds the minimum quarterly distribution that the MLP distributed to the common and subordinated units is then distributed to both common and subordinated units, typically on a pro rata basis. Incentive distributions are often paid to the general partner such that as the distribution to limited partnership interests increases, the general partner may receive a proportionately larger share of the total distribution. Incentive distributions are designed to encourage the general partner, who controls and operates the partnership, to maximize the partnership’s cash flow and increase distributions to the limited partners.
Generally speaking, MLP investment returns are enhanced during periods of declining or low interest rates and tend to be negatively influenced when interest rates are rising. As an income vehicle, the unit price can be influenced by general interest rate trends independent of specific underlying fundamentals. In addition, most MLPs are leveraged and typically carry a portion of a “floating” rate debt, and a significant upward swing in interest rates would also drive interest expense higher. Furthermore, most MLPs grow by acquisitions partly financed by debt, and higher interest rates could make it more difficult to make acquisitions.
Short Sales
The Fund may seek to hedge investments or realize additional gains through the use of short sales. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss will be increased, by the transaction costs incurred by the Fund, including the costs associated with providing collateral to the broker-dealer (usually cash and liquid securities) and the maintenance of collateral with its custodian. The Fund also may be required to pay a premium to borrow a security, which would increase the cost of the security sold short. Although the Fund’s gain is limited to the price at which it sold the security short, its potential loss is theoretically unlimited.
The broker-dealer will retain the net proceeds of the short sale to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements until the short position is closed out.
When the Advisor believes that the price of a particular security held by the Fund may decline, it may make “short sales against the box” to hedge the unrealized gain on such security. Selling short against the box involves selling a security which the Fund owns for delivery at a specified date in the future. The Fund will incur transaction costs to open, maintain and close short sales against the box.
To the extent the Fund sells securities short (except in the case of short sales “against the box”), it is required to segregate an amount of cash or liquid securities on its records equal to the market price of the securities sold short. The segregated assets are marked to market daily in an attempt to ensure that the amount deposited in the segregated account is at least equal to the market value of the securities sold short. Segregated securities cannot be sold while the position they are covering is outstanding, unless they are replaced with similar securities. As a result, there is the possibility that segregation of a large percentage of the Fund’s assets could affect its portfolio management.
Derivatives
The Fund may utilize a variety of derivatives contracts, such as futures, options, swaps and forward contracts, both for investment purposes and for hedging purposes. Hedging involves special risks including the possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Advisor’s assessment of certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of hedging could result in losses greater than if hedging had not been used. Nonetheless, with respect to certain investment positions, the Fund may not be sufficiently hedged against market fluctuations, in which case an investment position could result in a loss greater than if the Advisor had been sufficiently hedged with respect to such position.
The Advisor will not, in general, attempt to hedge all market or other risks inherent in the Fund’s positions, and may hedge certain risks, if at all, only partially. Specifically, the Advisor may choose not, or may determine that it is economically unattractive, to hedge certain risks, either in respect of particular positions or in respect of the Fund’s overall portfolio. Moreover, it should be noted that the Fund’s portfolio always will be exposed to unidentified systematic risk factors and to certain risks that cannot be completely hedged, such as credit risk (relating both to particular securities and to counterparties). The Fund’s portfolio composition may result in various directional market risks remaining unhedged, although the Advisor may rely on diversification to control such risks to the extent that the Advisor believes it is desirable to do so.
Recent legislation calls for new regulation of the derivatives markets. The extent and impact of the regulation is not yet fully known and may not be for some time. New regulations could adversely affect the value, availability and performance of certain derivative instruments, may make them more costly, and may limit or restrict their use by the Fund.
Certain additional risk factors related to derivatives are discussed below:
Derivatives Risk. Under recently adopted rules by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), transactions in some types of interest rate swaps and index credit default swaps on North American and European indices will be required to be cleared. In a cleared derivatives transaction, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house (such as CME Clearing, ICE Clearing or LCH.Clearnet), rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members, who are futures commission merchants that are members of the clearing houses and who have the appropriate regulatory approvals to engage in swap transactions. The Fund will make and receive payments owed under cleared derivatives transactions (including margin payments) through its accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house. In contrast to bilateral derivatives transactions, following a period of advance notice to the Fund, clearing members generally can require termination of existing cleared derivatives transactions at any time and increases in margin above the margin that it required at the beginning of a transaction. Clearing houses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing transactions and to terminate transactions. Any such increase or termination could interfere with the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment strategy. Also, the Fund is subject to execution risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or that the Advisor expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on the Fund’s behalf. While the documentation in place between the Fund and its clearing members generally provides that the clearing members will accept for clearing all transactions submitted for clearing that are within credit limits specified by the clearing members in advance, the Fund could be subject to this execution risk if the Fund submits for clearing transactions that exceed such credit limits, if the clearing house does not accept the transactions for clearing, or if the clearing members do not comply with their agreement to clear such transactions. In that case, the transaction might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of any increase in the value of the transaction after the time of the transaction. In addition, new regulations could, among other things, restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund or increasing margin or capital requirements. If the Fund is not able to enter into a particular derivatives transaction, the Fund’s investment performance and risk profile could be adversely affected as a result.
Counterparty Risk. Counterparty risk with respect to OTC derivatives may be affected by new regulations promulgated by the CFTC and SEC affecting the derivatives market. As described under “Derivatives Risk” above, some derivatives transactions will be required to be cleared, and a party to a cleared derivatives transaction is subject to the credit risk of the clearing house and the clearing member through which it holds its cleared position, rather than the credit risk of its original counterparty to the derivative transaction. Clearing members are required to segregate all Fund received from customers with respect to cleared derivatives transactions from the clearing member’s proprietary assets. However, all Fund and other property received by a clearing broker from its customers are generally held by the clearing broker on a commingled basis in an omnibus account, which may also invest those Fund in certain instruments permitted under the applicable regulations. The assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the Fund’s clearing member because the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available Fund segregated on behalf of the clearing broker’s customers for a relevant account class. Also, the clearing member transfers to the clearing house the amount of margin required by the clearing house for cleared derivatives transactions, which amounts are generally held in an omnibus account at the clearing house for all customers of the clearing member. For commodities futures positions, the clearing house may use all of the collateral held in the clearing member’s omnibus account to meet a loss in that account, without regard to which customer in fact supplied that collateral. Accordingly, in addition to bearing the credit risk of its clearing member, each customer to a futures transaction also bears “fellow customer” risk from other customers of the clearing member. However, with respect to cleared swaps positions, recent regulations promulgated by the CFTC require that the clearing member notify the clearing house of the amount of initial margin provided by the clearing member to the clearing house that is attributable to each customer. Because margin in respect of cleared swaps must be earmarked for specific clearing member customers, the clearing house may not use the collateral of one customer to cover the obligations of another customer. However, if the clearing member does not provide accurate reporting, the Fund is subject to the risk that a clearing house will use the Fund’s assets held in an omnibus account at the clearing house to satisfy payment obligations of a defaulting customer of the clearing member to the clearing house. In addition, a clearing member may generally choose to provide to the clearing house the net amount of variation margin required for cleared swaps for all of the clearing member’s customers in the aggregate, rather than the gross amount of each customer. The Fund is therefore subject to the risk that a clearing house will not make variation margin payments owed to the Fund if another customer of the clearing member has suffered a loss and is in default.
Options on Securities and Securities Indices
The Fund may invest in options on securities and stock indices. A call option entitles the purchaser, in return for the premium paid, to purchase specified securities at a specified price during the option period. A put option entitles the purchaser, in return for the premium paid, to sell specified securities during the option period. The Fund may invest in both European-style or American-style options. A European-style option is only exercisable immediately prior to its expiration. American-style options are exercisable at any time prior to the expiration date of the option.
Writing Call Options. The Fund may write covered call options. A call option is “covered” if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an absolute right to acquire the security without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or cash equivalents in such amounts as held in a segregated account by the Fund’s custodian). The writer of a call option receives a premium and gives the purchaser the right to buy the security underlying the option at the exercise price. The writer has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security against payment of the exercise price during the option period. If the writer of an exchange-traded option wishes to terminate his obligation, he may effect a “closing purchase transaction.” This is accomplished by buying an option of the same series as the option previously written. A writer may not effect a closing purchase transaction after it has been notified of the exercise of an option.
Effecting a closing transaction in a written call option will permit the Fund to write another call option on the underlying security with either a different exercise price, expiration date or both. Also, effecting a closing transaction will permit the cash or proceeds from the concurrent sale of any securities subject to the option to be used for other investments of the Fund. If the Fund desires to sell a particular security from its portfolio on which it has written a call option, it will effect a closing transaction prior to or concurrent with the sale of the security.
The Fund will realize a gain from a closing transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is less than the premium received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are more than the premium paid to purchase the option. The Fund will realize a loss from a closing transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is more than the premium received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are less than the premium paid to purchase the option. However, because increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying security, any loss to the Fund resulting from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying security owned by the Fund.
If the Fund were assigned an exercise notice on a call it has written, it would be required to liquidate portfolio securities in order to satisfy the exercise, unless it has other liquid assets that are sufficient to satisfy the exercise of the call. If the Fund has written a call, there is also a risk that the market may decline between the time the Fund has a call exercised against it, at a price which is fixed as of the closing level of the index on the date of exercise, and the time it is able to sell securities in its portfolio.
In addition to covered call options, the Fund may write uncovered (or “naked”) call options on securities, including shares of ETFs, and indices; however, SEC rules require that the Fund segregate assets on its books and records with a value equal to the value of the securities or the index that the holder of the option is entitled to call. Segregated securities cannot be sold while the option strategy is outstanding, unless they are replaced with other suitable assets. As a result, there is a possibility that segregation of a large percentage of the Fund’s assets could impede portfolio management or the Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
Writing Covered Index Call Options. The Fund may sell index call options. The Fund may also execute a closing purchase transaction with respect to an option it has sold and then sell another option with either a different exercise price and/or expiration date. The Fund’s objective in entering into such closing transactions is to increase option premium income, to limit losses or to protect anticipated gains in the underlying stocks. The cost of a closing transaction, while reducing the premium income realized from the sale of the option, should be offset, at least in part, by the appreciation in the value of the underlying index, and by the opportunity to realize additional premium income from selling a new option.
When the Fund sells an index call option, it does not deliver the underlying stocks or cash to the broker through whom the transaction is effected. In the case of an exchange-traded option, the Fund establishes an escrow account. The Fund’ custodian (or a securities depository acting for the custodian) acts as the Fund’s escrow agent. The escrow agent enters into documents known as escrow receipts with respect to the stocks included in the Fund (or escrow receipts with respect to other acceptable securities). The escrow agent releases the stocks from the escrow account when the call option expires or the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction. Until such release, the underlying stocks cannot be sold by the Fund. The Fund may enter into similar collateral arrangements with the counterparty when it sells OTC index call options.
When the Fund sells an index call option, it is also required to “cover” the option pursuant to requirements enunciated by the staff of the SEC. The staff has indicated that a mutual fund may “cover” an index call option by (1) owning and holding for the term of the option a portfolio of stocks substantially replicating the movement of the index underlying the call option; (2) purchasing an American-style call option on the same index with an exercise price not greater than the exercise price of the written option; or (3) establishing and maintaining for the term of the option a segregated account consisting of cash, U.S. government securities or other high-grade debt securities, equal in value to the aggregate contract price of the call option (the current index value times the specific multiple). The Fund generally “cover” the index options it has sold by owning and holding stocks substantially replicating the movement of the applicable index. As an alternative method of “covering” the option, the Fund may purchase an appropriate offsetting option.
The purchaser of an index call option sold by the Fund may exercise the option at a price fixed as of the closing level of the index on exercise date. Unless the Fund has liquid assets sufficient to satisfy the exercise of the index call option, the Fund would be required to liquidate portfolio securities to satisfy the exercise. The market value of such securities may decline between the time the option is exercised and the time the Fund is able to sell the securities. For example, even if an index call which the Fund has written is “covered” by an index call held by the Fund with the same strike price, it will bear the risk that the level of the index may decline between the close of trading on the date the exercise notice is filed with the Options Clearing Corporation and the close of trading on the date the Fund exercises the call it holds or the time it sells the call, which in either case would occur no earlier than the day following the day the exercise notice was filed. If the Fund fails to anticipate an exercise, it may have to borrow from a bank (in amounts not exceeding 5% of the Fund’s total assets) pending settlement of the sale of the portfolio securities and thereby incur interest charges. If trading is interrupted on the index, the Fund would not be able to close out its option positions.
Risks of Transactions in Options. There are several risks associated with transactions in options on securities and indices. Options may be more volatile than the underlying securities and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation in value than an investment in the underlying securities themselves. There are also significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objective. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options of underlying securities; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or clearing corporation may not be adequate to handle current trading volume at all times; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. The extent to which the Fund may enter into options transactions may be limited by the requirements of the Code, for qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company.
OTC Options. The Fund may engage in transactions involving OTC as well as exchange-traded options. Certain additional risks are specific to OTC options. The Fund may engage a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, but if the Fund purchased an OTC option, it must then rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option if the option is exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while OTC options may not. Consequently, the Fund may generally be able to realize the value of an OTC option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes an OTC option, the Fund may generally be able to close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer to whom the Fund originally wrote the option. While the Fund will seek to enter into OTC options only with dealers who will agree to and are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there can be no assurance that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate an OTC option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund, as a covered OTC call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate an OTC option. With respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to the Fund. For example, since the Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security it writes, the Fund may not sell the assets which it has segregated to secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may impair the Fund’s ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale might be advantageous.
The SEC has taken the position that purchased OTC options are illiquid securities. The Fund may treat the cover used for written OTC options as liquid if the dealer agrees that the Fund may repurchase the OTC option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the OTC option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option. Accordingly, the Fund will treat OTC options as subject to the Fund’s limitation on illiquid securities. If the SEC changes its position on the liquidity of OTC options, the Fund will change the treatment of such instruments accordingly.
Stock Index Options. The Fund may invest in options on indices, including broad-based security indices. Puts and calls on indices are similar to puts and calls on other investments except that all settlements are in cash and gain or loss depends on changes in the index in question rather than on price movements in individual securities. When the Fund writes a call on an index, it receives a premium and agrees that, prior to the expiration date, the purchaser of the call, upon exercise of the call, will receive from the Fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the call is based is greater than the exercise price of the call. The amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the call times a specified multiple (“multiplier”), which determines the total dollar value for each point of such difference. When the Fund buys a call on an index, it pays a premium and has the same rights as to such call as are indicated above. When the Fund buys a put on an index, it pays a premium and has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the seller of the put, upon the Fund’s exercise of the put, to deliver to the Fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the put is based is less than the exercise price of the put, which amount of cash is determined by the multiplier, as described above for calls. When the Fund writes a put on an index, it receives a premium and the purchaser of the put has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the Fund to deliver to it an amount of cash equal to the difference between the closing level of the index and exercise price times the multiplier if the closing level is less than the exercise price.
The risks of investment in options on indices may be greater than options on securities. Because index options are settled in cash, if the Fund writes a call on an index it cannot provide in advance for its potential settlement obligations by acquiring and holding the underlying index. The Fund can offset some of the risk of writing a call index option by holding a diversified portfolio of securities or instruments similar to those on which the underlying index is based. However, the Fund cannot, as a practical matter, acquire and hold a portfolio containing exactly the same securities or instruments as underlie the index and, as a result, bears a risk that the value of the securities or instruments held will vary from the value of the index.
Even if the Fund could assemble a portfolio that exactly reproduced the composition of the underlying index, it still would not be fully covered from a risk standpoint because of the “timing risk” inherent in writing index options. When an index option is exercised, the amount of cash that the holder is entitled to receive is determined by the difference between the exercise price and the closing index level on the date when the option is exercised. As with other kinds of options, the Fund as the call writer will not learn of the assignment until the next business day at the earliest. The time lag between exercise and notice of assignment poses no risk for the writer of a covered call on a specific underlying security or instrument, such as common stock, because there the writer’s obligation is to deliver the underlying security or instrument, not to pay its value as of a fixed time in the past. So long as the writer already owns the underlying security or instrument, it can satisfy its settlement obligations by simply delivering it, and the risk that its value may have declined since the exercise date is borne by the exercising holder. In contrast, even if the writer of an index call holds investments that exactly match the composition of the underlying index, it will not be able to satisfy its assignment obligations by delivering those investments against payment of the exercise price. Instead, it will be required to pay cash in an amount based on the closing index value on the exercise date. By the time it learns that it has been assigned, the index may have declined, with a corresponding decline in the value of its portfolio. This “timing risk” is an inherent limitation on the ability of index call writers to cover their risk exposure by holding security or instrument positions.
If the Fund has purchased an index option and exercises it before the closing index value for that day is available, it runs the risk that the level of the underlying index may subsequently change. If such a change causes the exercised option to fall out-of-the-money, the Fund will be required to pay the difference between the closing index value and the exercise price of the option (times the applicable multiplier) to the assigned writer.
Futures and Options on Futures
The Fund may use interest rate, foreign currency, index and other futures contracts. The Fund may use options on futures contracts. A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of the security or other financial instrument at a specified price and time. A futures contract on an index is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract originally was written. Although the value of an index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, physical delivery of these securities is not always made. A public market exists in futures contracts covering a number of indexes, as well as financial instruments, including, without limitation: U.S. Treasury bonds; U.S. Treasury notes; GNMA Certificates; three-month U.S. Treasury bills; 90-day commercial paper; bank certificates of deposit; Eurodollar certificates of deposit; the Australian Dollar; the Canadian Dollar; the British Pound; the Japanese Yen; the Swiss Franc; the Mexican Peso; and certain multinational currencies, such as the Euro. It is expected that other futures contracts will be developed and traded in the future.
The Fund may purchase and write (sell) call and put futures options. Futures options possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and indexes (discussed above). A futures option gives the holder the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price upon expiration of, or at any time during the period of, the option. Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the case of a put option, the opposite is true. When a purchase or sale of a futures contract is made by the Fund, the Fund is required to deposit with its futures commission merchant a specified amount of liquid assets (“initial margin”). The margin required for a futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be modified during the term of the contract. The initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract that is returned to the Fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. The Fund expect to earn taxable interest income on their initial margin deposits. The Fund, as a writer of an option, may have no control over whether the underlying futures contracts may be sold (call) or purchased (put) and as a result, bears the market risk of an unfavorable change in the valuation of the futures contracts underlying the written option. The Fund, as a purchaser of an option, bears the risk that the counterparties to the option may not have the ability to meet the terms of the option contract.
Futures and options on futures are regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). The Fund invest in futures, options on futures and other instruments subject to regulation by the CFTC in reliance upon and in accordance with CFTC Regulation 4.5. Under Regulation 4.5, if the Fund uses futures, options on futures, or swaps other than for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC), the aggregate initial margin and premiums on these positions (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions and excluding the amount by which options that are “in-the-money” at the time of purchase of a new position are “in-the-money”) may not exceed 5% of the Fund’s liquidation value, or alternatively, the aggregate net notional value of those positions at the time may not exceed 100% of the Fund’s liquidation value (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has filed a notice of eligibility for exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” in accordance with Regulation 4.5. Therefore, as of the date of this SAI, neither the Trust nor the Fund is deemed to be a “commodity pool” or “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), and they are not subject to registration or regulation as such under the CEA. As of the date of this SAI, the Advisor is not deemed to be a “commodity pool operator” or “commodity trading adviser” with respect to the advisory services it provides to the Fund. In the future, if the Fund’s use of futures, options on futures, or swaps requires the Advisor to register as a commodity pool operator with the CFTC, the Advisor will do so at that time.
A futures contract held by the Fund is valued daily at the official settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund pays or receives cash, called “variation margin”, equal to the daily change in value of the futures contract. This process is known as “marking to market”. Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the Fund but is instead a settlement between the Fund and the broker of the amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In computing daily net asset value, the Fund will mark to market their open futures positions. The Fund also is required to deposit and to maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits will vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option and other futures positions held by the Fund. Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities, generally these obligations are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (involving the same exchange, underlying security or index and delivery month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is more, the Fund realizes a capital loss. Conversely, if an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is less, the Fund realizes a capital loss. The transaction costs also must be included in these calculations.
The Fund may write covered straddles consisting of a call and a put written on the same underlying futures contract. A straddle will be covered when sufficient assets are deposited to meet the Fund’s immediate obligations. The Fund may use the same liquid assets to cover both the call and put options if the exercise price of the call and put are the same, or if the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put. In such cases, the Fund also will segregate liquid assets equivalent to the amount, if any, by which the put is “in the money.”
With respect to options and futures contracts that are cash settled, the Fund is permitted to set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations under the contracts (less any amounts the Fund has posted as margin), if any, rather than the full notional value. In the case of options and futures contracts that are not cash settled, the Fund will set aside liquid assets equal to the full notional value of the contracts (less any amounts the Fund has posted as margin), while the positions are open.
Stock Index Futures
The Fund may invest in stock index futures only as a substitute for a comparable market position in the underlying securities. A stock index future obligates the seller to deliver (and the purchaser to accept), effectively, an amount of cash equal to a specific dollar amount times the difference between the value of a specific stock index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the agreement is made. No physical delivery of the underlying stocks in the index is made. With respect to stock indices that are permitted investments, the Fund intends to purchase and sell futures contracts on the stock index for which it can obtain the best price with consideration also given to liquidity.
OTC Derivatives Transactions
The Fund may enter into OTC derivatives transactions. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), which was signed into law on July 21, 2010, established a new statutory framework that comprehensively regulated the OTC derivatives markets for the first time. Key Dodd-Frank Act provisions relating to OTC derivatives require rulemaking by the SEC and the CFTC, not all of which has been proposed or finalized as at the date of this SAI. Prior to the Dodd-Frank Act, the OTC derivatives markets were traditionally traded on a bilateral basis (so-called “bilateral OTC transactions”). Now certain OTC derivatives contracts are required to be centrally cleared and traded on exchanges or electronic trading platforms called swap execution facilities (“SEFs”).
Bilateral OTC transactions differ from exchange-traded or cleared derivatives transactions in several respects. Bilateral OTC transactions are transacted directly with dealers and not with a clearing corporation. Without the availability of a clearing corporation, bilateral OTC transaction pricing is normally done by reference to information from market makers, which information is carefully monitored by the Advisor and verified in appropriate cases. As bilateral OTC transactions are entered into directly with a dealer, there is a risk of nonperformance by the dealer as a result of its insolvency or otherwise. Under recently-adopted CFTC regulations, counterparties of registered swap dealers and major swap participants have the right to elect segregation of initial margin in respect of uncleared swaps. If a counterparty makes such an election, any initial margin that is posted to the swap dealer or major swap participant must be segregated in individual customer accounts held at an independent third-party custodian. In addition, the collateral may only be invested in certain categories of instruments identified in the CFTC’s regulations. Agreements covering these segregation arrangements must generally provide for consent by both the counterparty and the swap dealer or major swap participant to withdraw margin from the segregated account. Given these limitations on the use of uncleared swaps collateral, there is some likelihood that the electing counterparty will experience an increase in the costs associated with trading swaps with the relevant swap dealer or major swap participant. Certain other protections apply to a counterparty to uncleared swaps under the CFTC’s regulations even if the counterparty does not elect segregation of its initial margin. These regulations are newly adopted, and it remains unclear whether they will be effective in protecting initial margin in the manner intended in the event of significant market stress or the insolvency of a swap dealer or major swap participant.
Furthermore, a bilateral OTC transaction may only be terminated voluntarily by entering into a closing transaction with the dealer with which the Fund originally dealt. Any such cancellation may require the Fund to pay a premium to that dealer. In those cases in which the Fund has entered into a covered transaction and cannot voluntarily terminate the transaction, the Fund will not be able to sell the underlying security until the transaction expires or is exercised or different cover is substituted. The Fund intends to enter into OTC transactions only with dealers which agree to, and which are expected to be capable of, entering into closing transactions with the Fund. There is also no assurance that the Fund will be able to liquidate an OTC transaction at any time prior to expiration.
The requirement to execute certain OTC derivatives contracts on SEFs may offer certain advantages over traditional bilateral OTC trading, such as ease of execution, price transparency, increased liquidity and/or favorable pricing. However, SEF trading may make it more difficult and costly for the Fund to enter into highly tailored or customized transactions and may result in additional costs and risks. Market participants such as the Fund that execute derivatives contracts through a SEF, whether directly or through a broker intermediary, are required to submit to the jurisdiction of the SEF and comply with SEF and CFTC rules and regulations which impose, among other things disclosure and recordkeeping obligations. In addition, the Fund will generally incur SEF or broker intermediary fees when it trades on a SEF. The Fund may also be required to indemnify the SEF or broker intermediary for any losses or costs that may result from the Fund’s transactions on the SEF.
Short-Term Investments
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
Bank Certificates of Deposit, Bankers’ Acceptances and Time Deposits
The Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and time deposits in U.S. Dollar or foreign currencies. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against monies deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. The commercial banks issuing these short-term instruments which the Fund may acquire must, at the time of purchase, have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S. government. If the Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are different in some respects from those incurred if the Fund invests only in debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. See “Foreign Investments” above. Such risks include future political and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is located, the possible confiscation or nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange controls, or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which may adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans that may be made and interest rates that may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of Fund and the interest income generated from lending operations. General economic conditions and the quality of loan portfolios affect the banking industry.
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks are required to maintain specified levels of reserves, limited in the amount that they can loan to a single borrower, and are subject to regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws and regulations may not necessarily apply to foreign banks, thereby affecting the risk involved in bank obligations that the Fund may acquire.
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment strategies and policies stated above and in the Prospectus, the Fund may invest in interest-bearing time deposits or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
Savings Association Obligations
The Fund may invest in certificates of deposit (interest-bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings and loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S. government.
Commercial Paper, Short-Term Notes and Other Corporate Obligations
The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
The Fund’s investment in commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at the time of purchase “A-2” or higher by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group (“S&P”), “Prime-1” or “Prime-2” by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality. These rating symbols are described in Appendix A.
Corporate debt obligations are subject to the risk of an issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligations, i.e., credit risk. The Advisor may actively expose the Fund to credit risk. However, there can be no guarantee that the Advisor will be successful in making the right selections and thus fully mitigate the impact of credit risk changes on the Fund.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to their portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund acquires securities from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers deemed to be creditworthy by the Advisor, subject to the seller’s agreement to repurchase and the Fund’s agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). Securities subject to repurchase agreements will be held by the custodian or in the Federal Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an equivalent foreign system. The seller under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund will suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from a sale of the underlying securities are less than the repurchase price under the agreement. Bankruptcy or insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the Fund’s rights with respect to such securities to be delayed or limited. Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans under the 1940 Act.
Government Obligations
The Fund may invest in U.S. government obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills, certificates of indebtedness, notes and bonds. U.S. government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. Treasury bills, the most frequently issued marketable government securities, have a maturity of up to one year and are issued on a discount basis. U.S. government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored enterprises.
Payment of principal and interest on U.S. government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities, including government-sponsored enterprises, where it is not obligated to do so. In addition, U.S. government obligations are subject to fluctuations in market value due to fluctuations in market interest rates. As a general matter, the value of debt instruments, including U.S. government obligations, declines when market interest rates increase and rises when market interest rates decrease. Certain types of U.S. government obligations are subject to fluctuations in yield or value due to their structure or contract terms.
Mortgage-Backed Securities
The Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities and derivative mortgage-backed securities, and may also invest in “principal only” and “interest only” components. Mortgage-backed securities are securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property. As with other debt securities, mortgage-backed securities are subject to credit risk and interest rate risk. However, the yield and maturity characteristics of mortgage-backed securities differ from traditional debt securities. A major difference is that the principal amount of the obligations may normally be prepaid at any time because the underlying assets (i.e., loans) generally may be prepaid at any time. The relationship between prepayments and interest rates may give some mortgage-backed securities less potential for growth in value than conventional fixed-income securities with comparable maturities. In addition, in periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayments tends to increase. During such periods, the reinvestment of prepayment proceeds by the Fund will generally be at lower rates than the rates that were carried by the obligations that have been prepaid. If interest rates rise, borrowers may prepay mortgages more slowly than originally expected. This may further reduce the market value of mortgage-backed securities and lengthen their durations. Because of these and other reasons, a mortgage-backed security’s total return, maturity and duration may be difficult to predict precisely.
Mortgage-backed securities come in different classes that have different risks. Junior classes of mortgage-backed securities are designed to protect the senior class investors against losses on the underlying mortgage loans by taking the first loss if there are liquidations among the underlying loans. Junior classes generally receive principal and interest payments only after all required payments have been made to more senior classes. If the Fund invests in junior classes of mortgage-related securities, it may not be able to recover all of its investment in the securities it purchases. In addition, if the underlying mortgage portfolio has been overvalued, or if mortgage values subsequently decline, the Fund may suffer significant losses. Investments in mortgage-backed securities involve the risks of interruptions in the payment of interest and principal (delinquency) and the potential for loss of principal if the property underlying the security is sold as a result of foreclosure on the mortgage (default). These risks include the risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, such as the effects of general and local economic conditions on real estate values, the conditions of specific industry segments, the ability of tenants to make lease payments and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants, which in turn may be affected by local market conditions such as oversupply of space or a reduction of available space, the ability of the owner to provide adequate maintenance and insurance, energy costs, government regulations with respect to environmental, zoning, rent control and other matters, and real estate and other taxes. If the underlying borrowers cannot pay their mortgage loans, they may default and the lenders may foreclose on the property.
The ability of borrowers to repay mortgage loans underlying mortgage-backed securities will typically depend upon the future availability of financing and the stability of real estate values. For mortgage loans not guaranteed by a government agency or other party, the only remedy of the lender in the event of a default is to foreclose upon the property. If borrowers are not able or willing to pay the principal balance on the loans, there is a good chance that payments on the related mortgage-related securities will not be made. Certain borrowers on underlying mortgages may become subject to bankruptcy proceedings, in which case the value of the mortgage-backed securities may decline.
Asset-Backed Securities
The Fund may invest in asset-backed securities that, through the use of trusts and special purpose vehicles, are securitized with various types of assets, such as automobile receivables, credit card receivables and home-equity loans in pass- through structures similar to the mortgage-related securities described above. In general, the collateral supporting asset-backed securities is of shorter maturity than the collateral supporting mortgage loans and is less likely to experience substantial prepayments. However, asset-backed securities are not backed by any governmental agency. Credit card receivables are generally unsecured, and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. In addition, some issuers of automobile receivables permit the servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicers were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the related automobile receivables. The impairment of value of collateral or other assets underlying an asset-based security, such as a result of non-payment of loans or non-performance of other collateral or underlying assets, may reduce the value of such asset-based security and result in losses to the Fund.
Borrowing
The Fund may engage in limited borrowing activities. Borrowing creates an opportunity for increased return, but, at the same time, creates special risks. Furthermore, if the Fund were to engage in borrowing, an increase in interest rates could reduce the value of the Fund’s shares by increasing the Fund’s interest expense. Subject to the limitations described under “Investment Limitations” below, the Fund may be permitted to borrow for temporary purposes and/or for investment purposes. Such a practice will result in leveraging of the Fund’s assets and may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so. This borrowing may be secured or unsecured. Provisions of the 1940 Act require the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets made for temporary administrative purposes. Any borrowings for temporary administrative purposes in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets will count against this asset coverage requirement. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint if the Fund sells securities at that time. Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund’ portfolios. Money borrowed will be subject to interest charges which may or may not be recovered by appreciation of the securities purchased, if any. The Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowings or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities are securities that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the securities. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, and the Fund may have difficulty or be unable to dispose of such securities promptly or at reasonable prices.
The Fund may invest in restricted securities. Restricted securities are securities that may not be sold freely to the public absent registration under the Securities Act, or an exemption from registration. While restricted securities are generally presumed to be illiquid, it may be determined that a particular restricted security is liquid. Rule 144A under the Securities Act establishes a safe harbor from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. Institutional markets for restricted securities sold pursuant to Rule 144A in many cases provide both readily ascertainable values for restricted securities and the ability to liquidate an investment to satisfy share redemption orders. Such markets might include automated systems for the trading, clearance and settlement of unregistered securities of domestic and foreign issuers, such as the PORTAL System sponsored by NASDAQ. An insufficient number of qualified buyers interested in purchasing Rule 144A eligible restricted securities, however, could adversely affect the marketability of such portfolio securities and result in the Fund’ inability to dispose of such securities promptly or at favorable prices.
The Fund may purchase commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. 4(a)(2) commercial paper has substantially the same price and liquidity characteristics as commercial paper generally, except that the resale of 4(a)(2) commercial paper is limited to the institutional investor marketplace. Such a restriction on resale makes 4(a)(2) commercial paper technically a restricted security under the Securities Act. In practice, however, 4(a)(2) commercial paper can be resold as easily as any other unrestricted security held by the Fund.
Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act requires, among other things, that the Fund establish a liquidity risk management program (“LRMP”) that is reasonably designed to assess and manage liquidity risk. Rule 22e-4 defines “liquidity risk” as the risk that a fund could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the fund without significant dilution of the remaining investors’ interests in the fund. The Fund have implemented a LRMP to meet the relevant requirements. Additionally, the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, approved the designation of the Advisor as the Fund’ LRMP administrator to administer such program, and will review no less frequently than annually a written report prepared by the Advisor that addresses the operation of the LRMP and assesses its adequacy and effectiveness of implementation. Among other things, the LRMP provides for the classification of the Fund’s investment as a “highly liquid investment,” “moderately liquid investment,” “less liquid investment” or “illiquid investment.” The liquidity risk classifications of the Fund’ investments are determined after reasonable inquiry and taking into account relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations. To the extent that the Fund investment is deemed to be an “illiquid investment” or a “less liquid investment,” the Fund can expect to be exposed to greater liquidity risk. There is no guarantee the LRMP will be effective in its operations, and complying with Rule 22e-4, including bearing related costs, could impact the Fund’s performance and its ability to seek its investment objective.
The Fund will not purchase illiquid securities if, as a result of the purchase, more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets are invested in such securities. If at any time a portfolio manager and/or the Advisor determines that the value of illiquid securities held by the Fund exceeds 15% of the Fund’s net assets, the Fund’s portfolio managers and the Advisor will take such steps as they consider appropriate to reduce the percentage as soon as reasonably practicable.
Lending Portfolio Securities
Consistent with applicable regulatory requirements and the Fund’s investment restrictions, the Fund may lend portfolio securities to securities broker-dealers or financial institutions, provided that such loans are callable at any time by the Fund (subject to notice provisions described below), and are at all times secured by cash or cash equivalents, which are maintained in a segregated account pursuant to applicable regulations and that are at least equal to the market value, determined daily, of the loaned securities. The advantage of such loans is that the Fund continues to receive the income on the loaned securities while at the same time earns interest on the cash amounts deposited as collateral, which will be invested in short-term obligations. The Fund will not lend portfolio securities if such loans are not permitted by the laws or regulations of any state in which its shares are qualified for sale. The Fund’ loans of portfolio securities will be collateralized in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements and no loan will cause the value of all loaned securities to exceed 33 1/3% of the value of the Fund’s total assets.
A loan may generally be terminated by the borrower on one business day’s notice, or by the Fund on five business days’ notice. If the borrower fails to deliver the loaned securities within five days after receipt of notice or fails to maintain the requisite amount of collateral, the Fund could use the collateral to replace the securities while holding the borrower liable for any excess of replacement cost over collateral. As with any extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery and in some cases even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially. However, these loans of portfolio securities will only be made to firms deemed by the Fund’s management to be creditworthy and when the income that can be earned from such loans justifies the attendant risks. Upon termination of the loan, the borrower is required to return the securities to the Fund. Any gain or loss in the market price during the loan period would inure to the Fund. The risks associated with loans of portfolio securities are substantially similar to those associated with repurchase agreements. Thus, if the counterparty to the loan petitions for bankruptcy or becomes subject to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, the law regarding the rights of the Fund is unsettled. As a result, under extreme circumstances, there may be a restriction on the Fund’s ability to sell the collateral, and the Fund would suffer a loss. When voting or consent rights that accompany loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund will follow the policy of calling the loaned securities, to be delivered within one day after notice, to permit the exercise of such rights if the matters involved would have a material effect on the Fund’s investment in such loaned securities. The Fund will pay reasonable finder’s, administrative and custodial fees in connection with a loan of its securities.
Emerging Markets
The Fund may invest in companies organized or doing substantial business in emerging market countries or developing countries as defined by the World Bank, International Financial Corporation or the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) emerging market indices or other comparable indices. Developing countries may impose restrictions on the Fund’ ability to repatriate investment income or capital. Even where there is no outright restriction on repatriation of investment income or capital, the mechanics of repatriation may affect certain aspects of the operations of the Fund.
Some of the currencies in emerging markets have experienced devaluations relative to the U.S. Dollar, and major adjustments have been made periodically in certain of such currencies. Certain developing countries face serious exchange constraints.
Governments of some developing countries exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In some countries, the government owns or controls many companies. Therefore, government actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in developing countries, which could affect the private sector companies in which the Fund invest.
Market Conditions
Events in certain sectors historically have resulted, and may in the future result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, both domestic and foreign. These events have included, but are not limited to: bankruptcies, corporate restructurings, and other events related to the sub-prime mortgage crisis in 2008; governmental efforts to limit short selling and high frequency trading; measures to address U.S. federal and state budget deficits; social, political, and economic instability in Europe; economic stimulus by the Japanese central bank; steep declines in oil prices; dramatic changes in currency exchange rates; China's economic slowdown; and circumstances such as pandemics or epidemics in one or more countries or regions. Interconnected global economies and financial markets increase the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. Such events may cause significant declines in the values and liquidity of many securities and other instruments. It is impossible to predict whether such conditions will recur. Because such situations may be widespread, it may be difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of such events.
An outbreak of an infectious respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 was first detected in China in December 2019 and has now been detected globally. This coronavirus has resulted in certain travel restrictions, closed international borders, enhanced health screenings at ports of entry and elsewhere, disruption of and delays in healthcare service preparation and delivery, prolonged quarantines, cancellations, supply chain disruptions, and lower consumer demand, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The impact of COVID-19, and other infectious illness outbreaks that may arise in the future, could adversely affect the economies of many nations or the entire global economy, individual issuers and capital markets in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen. In addition, the impact of infectious illnesses in emerging market countries may be greater due to generally less established healthcare systems. Public health crises caused by the COVID-19 outbreak may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in certain countries or globally. The duration of the COVID-19 outbreak and its effects cannot be determined with certainty.
LIBOR Risk
Many financial instruments, financings or other transactions to which the Fund may be a party use or may use a floating rate based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). LIBOR is the offered rate at which major international banks can obtain wholesale, unsecured funding, and LIBOR may be available for different durations (e.g., 1 month or 3 months) and for different currencies. LIBOR may be a significant factor in determining the Fund’s payment obligations under a derivative investment, the cost of financing to the Fund or an investment’s value or return to the Fund, and may be used in other ways that affect the Fund’s investment performance. In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority, the United Kingdom’s financial regulatory body, announced that after 2021 it will cease its active encouragement of banks to provide the quotations needed to sustain LIBOR. That announcement suggests that LIBOR may cease to be published or utilized after that time. Various financial industry groups have begun planning for that transition, but there are obstacles to converting certain securities and transactions to a new benchmark. Transition planning is ongoing, and the effect of the transition process and its ultimate success cannot yet be determined. The transition process may lead to increased volatility and illiquidity in markets for instruments the terms of which are based on LIBOR. It could also lead to a reduction in the value of some LIBOR-based investments and reduce the effectiveness of new hedges placed against existing LIBOR-based investments. While some LIBOR-based instruments may contemplate a scenario in which LIBOR is no longer available by providing for an alternative rate-setting methodology and/or increased costs for certain LIBOR-related instruments or financing transactions, not all may have such provisions and there may be significant uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of any such alternative methodologies, resulting in prolonged adverse market conditions for the Fund. Since the usefulness of LIBOR as a benchmark could deteriorate during the transition period, these effects could occur prior to the end of 2021. The willingness and ability of issuers to include enhanced provisions in new and existing contracts or instruments also remains uncertain. Any of these factors may adversely affect the Fund’s performance or NAV.
Developments in the China Region
After nearly 30 years of unprecedented growth, the People’s Republic of China now faces a slowing economy. The real estate market, which many observers believed to be inflated, has begun to decline. Local governments, which had borrowed heavily to bolster growth, face high debt burdens and limited revenue sources. As a result, demand for Chinese exports by the United States and countries in Europe, and demands for Chinese imports from such countries, may weaken due to the effects of more limited economic growth. Additionally, Chinese actions to lay claim to disputed islands have caused relations with China’s regional trading partners to suffer, and could cause further disruption to regional and international trade. From time to time and as recently as January 2020, China has experienced outbreaks of infectious illnesses, and the country may be subject to other public health threats, infectious illnesses, diseases or similar issues in the future. Any spread of an infectious illness, public health threat or similar issue could reduce consumer demand or economic output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or quarantines, and generally have a significant impact on the Chinese economy. In the long run, China’s ability to develop and sustain a credible legal, regulatory, monetary, and socioeconomic system could influence the course of outside investment.
Europe—Recent Events
A number of countries in Europe have experienced severe economic and financial difficulties. Many non-governmental issuers, and even certain governments, have defaulted on, or been forced to restructure, their debts; many other issuers have faced difficulties obtaining credit or refinancing existing obligations; financial institutions have in many cases required government or central bank support, have needed to raise capital, and/or have been impaired in their ability to extend credit; and financial markets in Europe and elsewhere have experienced extreme volatility and declines in asset values and liquidity. These difficulties may continue, worsen or spread within or outside Europe. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and others of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world.
The European Union (the “EU”) currently faces major issues involving its membership, structure, procedures and policies, including the successful political, economic and social integration of new member states, the EU’s resettlement and distribution of refugees, and resolution of the EU’s problematic fiscal and democratic accountability. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the Euro, the common currency of the EU, and/or withdraw from the EU. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.
On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (the “UK”) formally withdrew from the EU, which withdrawal is commonly referred to as “Brexit.” The future relationship between the UK and the EU remains unresolved and subject to negotiation during an 11-month transition period. It is unclear what the potential outcome and/or ramifications of these negotiations may be, and the consequences for European and UK businesses could be severe. The Fund face risks associated with the uncertainty and consequences following Brexit, including with respect to volatility in exchange rates and interest rates. Brexit could adversely affect European or worldwide political, regulatory, economic or market conditions, and could contribute to instability in global political institutions, regulatory agencies and financial markets. Brexit could also lead to legal uncertainty and politically divergent national laws and regulations as the new relationship between the UK and EU is defined, and the UK determines which EU laws to replace or replicate. Any effects of Brexit could adversely affect any of the companies to which the Fund have exposure and any other assets in which the Fund invest.
Whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in Europe or with significant exposure to European issuers or countries, these events could negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments due to the interconnected nature of the global economy and capital markets. The Fund may also be susceptible to these events to the extent that the Fund invests in municipal obligations with credit support by non-U.S. financial institutions.
Temporary Investments
The Fund may take temporary defensive measures that are inconsistent with the Fund’s normal fundamental or non-fundamental investment policies and strategies in response to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions as determined by the Advisor. Such measures could include, but are not limited to, investments in (1) highly liquid short-term fixed income securities issued by or on behalf of municipal or corporate issuers, obligations of the U.S. government and its agencies, commercial paper, and bank certificates of deposit; (2) repurchase agreements involving any such securities; and (3) other money market instruments. The Fund also may invest in shares of money market mutual Fund to the extent permitted under applicable law. Money market mutual Fund are investment companies, and the investments in those companies by the Fund are in some cases subject to certain fundamental investment restrictions. As a shareholder in a mutual fund, the Fund will bear its ratable share of its expenses, including management fees, and will remain subject to payment of the fees to the Advisor, with respect to assets so invested. The Fund may not achieve its investment objectives during temporary defensive periods.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Fund has adopted the following restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, the “vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” of the Fund means the vote of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. The Fund’s investment objective is a non-fundamental policy and may be changed without shareholder approval.
The Fund may not:
| 1. | Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of its net assets (including the amount borrowed); and (ii) this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging in options transactions or short sales and in investing in financial futures and reverse repurchase agreements; |
| 2. | Act as underwriter, except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment portfolio; |
| 3. | With respect to 75% of the Fund’s total assets, purchase the securities of any issuer (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result, (a) more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of that issuer, or (b) the Fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer; |
| 4. | Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of purchase, in any one industry (other than U.S. government securities); |
| 5. | Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or deal in real estate such as REITs); |
| 6. | Make loans of money, except (a) for purchases of debt securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund, (b) by engaging in repurchase agreements or, (c) through the loan of portfolio securities in an amount up to 33 1/3% of the Fund’s net assets; or |
| 7. | Purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options; may enter into foreign exchange contracts; may enter into swap agreements and other financial transactions not requiring the delivery of physical commodities; may purchase or sell precious metals directly, and may purchase or sell precious metal commodity contracts or options on such contracts in compliance with applicable commodities laws. |
The Fund observes the following restriction as a matter of operating but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory authorities:
The Fund may not invest, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets in securities that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the securities.
Except with respect to borrowing, if a percentage or rating restriction on investment or use of assets set forth herein or in the Prospectus is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in percentage resulting from any cause other than actions by the Fund will not be considered a violation.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Trustees and Officers
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including the agreements with the Advisor, co-administrators, distributor, custodian and transfer agent. The day-to-day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, except that the Advisor is responsible for making day-to-day investment decisions in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, and policies, all of which is subject to general supervision by the Board.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their years of birth and positions with the Trust, term of office with the Trust and length of time served, their business addresses and principal occupations during the past five years and other directorships held during the past five years are listed in the table below. Unless noted otherwise, each person has held the position listed for a minimum of five years. Charles H. Miller, Ashley Toomey Rabun, William H. Young and John P. Zader are all of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (collectively, the “Independent Trustees”).
Name, Address, Year of Birth and Position(s) held with Trust | Term of Officec and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years and Other Affiliations | Number of Portfolios in the Fund Complex Overseen by Trusteed | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Yearse |
“Independent” Trustees: |
Charles H. Millera (born 1947) Trustee | Since November 2007 | Retired (2013 – present); Executive Vice President, Client Management and Development, Access Data, a Broadridge company, a provider of technology and services to asset management firms (1997 – 2012). | 2 | 361 Social Infrastructure Fund, a closed-end investment company. |
Ashley Toomey Rabun a (born 1952) Trustee and Chairperson of the Board | Since November 2007 | Retired (2016 – present); President and Founder, InvestorReach, Inc. a financial services consulting firm (1996 – 2015). | 2 | 361 Social Infrastructure Fund, a closed-end investment company; Select Sector SPDR Trust, a registered investment company (includes 11 portfolios). |
William H. Young a (born 1950) Trustee | Since November 2007 | Retired (2014 – present); Independent financial services consultant (1996 – 2014); Interim CEO, Unified Fund Services Inc. (now Huntington Fund Services), a mutual fund service provider (2003 – 2006); Senior Vice President, Oppenheimer Management Company (1983 – 1996); Chairman, NICSA, an investment management trade association (1993 – 1996). | 2 | 361 Social Infrastructure Fund, a closed-end investment company. |
John P. Zader a (born 1961) Trustee | Since November 2007 | Retired (June 2014 – present); CEO, UMB Fund Services, Inc., a mutual fund and hedge fund service provider, and the transfer agent, fund accountant, and co-administrator for the Fund (December 2006 – June 2014); President, Investment Managers Series Trust (December 2007 – June 2014). | 2 | Investment Managers Series Trust II, a registered investment company (includes 13 portfolios); 361 Social Infrastructure Fund, a closed-end investment company. |
Name, Address, Year of Birth and Position(s) held with Trust | Term of Officec and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years and Other Affiliations | Number of Portfolios in the Fund Complex Overseen by Trusteed | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Yearse |
Interested Trustees: |
Eric M. Banhazlb† (born 1957) Trustee | Since January 2008 | Chairman, Foothill Capital Management, LLC, a registered investment advisor (2018 - present); Chairman (2016 - present), and President (2006 - 2015), Mutual Fund Administration, LLC, the co-administrator for the Fund; Trustee and Vice President, Investment Managers Series Trust (December 2007 - March 2016). | 2 | Investment Managers Series Trust II, a registered investment company (includes 13 portfolios); 361 Social Infrastructure Fund, a closed-end investment company. |
Maureen Quill a* (born 1963) Trustee and President | Since June 2019 | President, Investment Managers Series Trust (June 2014 – present); President, UMB Distribution Services (March 2013 – present); EVP/Executive Director Registered Fund (January 2018 – present), Chief Operating Officer (June 2014 – January 2018), and Executive Vice President (January 2007 – June 2014), UMB Fund Services, Inc.; Vice President, Investment Managers Series Trust (December 2013 – June 2014). | 2 | 361 Social Infrastructure Fund, a closed-end investment company. |
Officers of the Trust |
Rita Damb (born 1966) Treasurer and Assistant Secretary | Since December 2007 | Co-President, Foothill Capital Management, LLC, a registered investment advisor (2018 – present); Co-Chief Executive Officer (2016 – present), and Vice President (2006 – 2015), Mutual Fund Administration, LLC. | N/A | N/A |
Joy Ausilib (born 1966) Vice President, Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer | Since March 2016 | Co-President, Foothill Capital Management, LLC, a registered investment advisor (2018 – present); Co-Chief Executive Officer (2016 – present), and Vice President (2006 – 2015), Mutual Fund Administration, LLC; Secretary and Assistant Treasurer, Investment Managers Series Trust (December 2007 – March 2016). | N/A | N/A |
Name, Address, Year of Birth and Position(s) held with Trust | Term of Officec and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years and Other Affiliations | Number of Portfolios in the Fund Complex Overseen by Trusteed | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Yearse |
Diane Drakeb (born 1967) Secretary | Since March 2016 | Senior Counsel, Mutual Fund Administration, LLC (October 2015 – present); Chief Compliance Officer, Foothill Capital Management, LLC, a registered investment advisor (2018 – 2019); Managing Director and Senior Counsel, BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (2010 – 2015). | N/A | N/A |
Martin Dziurab (born 1959) Chief Compliance Officer | Since June 2014 | Principal, Dziura Compliance Consulting, LLC (October 2014 – present); Managing Director, Cipperman Compliance Services (2010 – September 2014); Chief Compliance Officer, Hanlon Investment Management (2009 – 2010); Vice President − Compliance, Morgan Stanley Investment Management (2000 − 2009). | N/A | N/A |
| a | Address for certain Trustees and certain officers: 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212. |
| b | Address for Mr. Banhazl, Ms. Ausili, Ms. Dam and Ms. Drake: 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226, Glendora, California 91740. Address for Mr. Dziura: 309 Woodridge Lane, Media, Pennsylvania 19063. |
| c | Trustees and officers serve until their successors have been duly elected. |
| d | The Trust is comprised of 63 series managed by unaffiliated investment advisors. Each Trustee serves as Trustee of each series of the Trust. The term “Fund Complex” applies only to the series managed by the same investment advisor. The Fund do not hold themselves out as related to any other series within the Trust, for purposes of investment and investor services, nor do they share the same investment advisor with any other series. |
| e | “Other Directorships Held” includes only directorship of companies required to register or file reports with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (that is, “public companies”) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. |
| † | Mr. Banhazl is an “interested person” of the Trust by virtue of his position with Mutual Fund Administration, LLC. |
| * | Ms. Quill is an “interested person” of the Trust by virtue of her position with UMB Fund Services, Inc. |
Compensation
Each Independent Trustee receives from the Trust a quarterly retainer of $30,000. Each Independent Trustee also receives $4,000 for each special in-person meeting attended and $1,000 for each telephonic meeting attended. In addition, Ms. Rabun receives an additional annual retainer of $25,000 for serving as Chairperson of the Board; and each of Mr. Young, Mr. Miller and Mr. Zader receives an additional annual retainer of $10,000 for serving as Audit Committee Chair, Valuation Committee Chair and Nominating, Governance and Regulatory Review Committee Chair, respectively. The Trust has no pension or retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the Trust pays any compensation to the Trustees.
The Trustees may elect to defer payment of their compensation from the Fund pursuant to the non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for Trustees which permits the Trustees to defer receipt of all or part of their compensation from the Trust. Amounts deferred are deemed invested in shares of one or more series of the Trust, as selected by the Trustee from time to time. A Trustee’s deferred compensation account will be paid in cash at such times as elected by the Trustee, subject to certain mandatory payment provisions in the Deferred Compensation Plan. Deferral and payment elections under the Deferred Compensation Plan are subject to strict requirements for modification.
Name of Person/Position | Aggregate Compensation From the Growth Fund1,3 | Aggregate Compensation From the Eco® Leaders Fund1,3 | Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund’s Expenses | Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement | Total Compensation from Fund and Fund Complex Paid to Trustees1,2,3 |
Charles H. Miller, Independent Trustee and Valuation Committee Chair | $1,991 | $1,910 | None | None | $3,901 |
Ashley Toomey Rabun, Independent Trustee and Chairperson | $2,221 | $2,131 | None | None | $4,352 |
William H. Young, Independent Trustee and Audit Committee Chair | $1,991 | $1,910 | None | None | $3,901 |
John P. Zader, Independent Trustee and Nominating, Governance and Regulatory Review Committee Chair | $1,991 | $1,910 | None | None | $3,901 |
| 1 | For fiscal year ended November 30, 2019. |
| 2 | There are currently numerous portfolios comprising the Trust. The term “Fund Complex” applies only to the series managed by the same investment advisor. The Fund do not hold themselves out as related to any other series within the Trust, for purposes of investment and investor services, nor do they share the same investment advisor with any other series. For the Fund’ fiscal year ended November 30, 2019, the aggregate Independent Trustees’ fees for the Trust were $535,000. |
| 3 | Messrs. Miller and Zader each elected to defer payments of their compensation from the Fund under the Fund’ non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for Trustees under which trustees may defer receipt of all or part of their compensation from the Fund. As of the fiscal year ended November 30, 2019, the total amount of deferred compensation payable to Messrs. Miller and Zader was $42,548 and $153,397, respectively. |
Mr. Banhazl and Ms. Quill are not compensated for their services as Trustees because of their affiliation with the Trust. Officers of the Trust are not compensated by the Fund for their services.
Additional Information Concerning the Board and the Trustees
The current Trustees were selected in November 2007 (January 2008 for Mr. Banhazl and June 2019 for Ms. Quill) with a view towards establishing a Board that would have the broad experience needed to oversee a registered investment company comprised of multiple series employing a variety of different investment strategies. As a group, the Board has extensive experience in many different aspects of the financial services and asset management industries.
The Trustees were selected to join the Board based upon the following factors, among others: character and integrity; willingness to serve and willingness and ability to commit the time necessary to perform the duties of a Trustee; as to each Trustee other than Mr. Banhazl, Ms. Quill and Mr. Zader (at that time), satisfying the criteria for not being classified as an “interested person” of the Trust as defined in the 1940 Act; and, as to Mr. Banhazl and Ms. Quill, their positions with Mutual Fund Administration, LLC and UMB Fund Services, Inc., respectively, the Trust’s co-administrators. In addition, the Trustees have the following specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills relevant to the operations of the Trust:
| ● | Ms. Rabun has substantial senior executive experience in mutual fund marketing and distribution and serving in senior executive and board positions with mutual Fund, including multiple series trusts similar to the Trust. |
| ● | Mr. Miller has significant senior executive experience with respect to marketing and distribution of mutual Fund, including multiple series trusts similar to the Trust. |
| ● | Mr. Young has broad senior executive experience with respect to the operations and management of mutual Fund and administrative service providers, including multiple series trusts similar to the Trust. |
| ● | Mr. Banhazl has significant experience serving in senior executive and board positions for mutual Fund and with respect to the organization and operation of mutual Fund and multiple series trusts similar to the Trust. |
| ● | Mr. Zader has substantial experience serving in senior executive positions at mutual fund administrative service providers. |
| ● | Ms. Quill has substantial experience serving in senior executive positions at mutual fund administrative service providers. |
In its periodic self-assessment of the effectiveness of the Board, the Board considers the complementary individual skills and experience of the individual Trustees primarily in the broader context of the Board’s overall composition so that the Board, as a body, possesses the appropriate (and appropriately diverse) skills and experience to oversee the business of the Fund. The summaries set forth above as to the qualifications, attributes and skills of the Trustees are required by the registration form adopted by the SEC, do not constitute holding out the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and do not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board as a whole than would otherwise be the case.
The Board of Trustees has three standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Nominating, Governance and Regulatory Review Committee (the “Nominating Committee”), and the Valuation Committee.
| ● | The function of the Audit Committee, with respect to each series of the Trust, is to review the scope and results of the series’ annual audit and any matters bearing on the audit or the series’ financial statements and to assist the Board’s oversight of the integrity of the series’ pricing and financial reporting. The Audit Committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees and is chaired by Mr. Young. It does not include any Interested Trustees. The Audit Committee is expected to meet at least twice a year with respect to each series of the Trust. The Audit Committee met twice during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2019 with respect to the Fund. |
The Audit Committee also serves as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (“QLCC”) for the Trust for the purpose of compliance with Rules 205.2(k) and 205.3(c) of the Code of Federal Regulations regarding alternative reporting procedures for attorneys retained or employed by an issuer who appear and practice before the SEC on behalf of the issuer.
| ● | The Nominating Committee is responsible for reviewing matters pertaining to composition, committees, and operations of the Board, as well as assisting the Board in overseeing matters related to certain regulatory issues. The Nominating Committee meets from time to time as needed. The Nominating Committee will consider trustee nominees properly recommended by the Trust’s shareholders. Shareholders who wish to recommend a nominee should send nominations that include, among other things, biographical data and the qualifications of the proposed nominee to the Trust’s Secretary. The Independent Trustees comprise the Nominating Committee, and the Committee is chaired by Mr. Zader. The Nominating Committee met twice during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2019. |
| ● | The function of the Valuation Committee is to recommend to the Board for its approval methodologies for valuing securities held by any series of the Trust for which current and reliable market quotations are not readily available; monitor prices determined by officers of the Trust pursuant to such methodologies; and approve fair valued security prices that are not determined pursuant to an approval methodology. The actions of the Valuation Committee are subsequently reviewed by the Board. The Valuation Committee is comprised of all the Trustees and is chaired by Mr. Miller, but action may be taken by any one of the Trustees. The Valuation Committee meets as needed. The Valuation Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2019 with respect to the Fund. |
Independent Trustees comprise 67% of the Board and Ashley Toomey Rabun, an Independent Trustee, serves as Chairperson of the Board. The Chairperson serves as a key point person for dealings between the Trust’s management and the other Independent Trustees. As noted above, through the committees of the Board the Independent Trustees consider and address important matters involving each series of the Trust, including those presenting conflicts or potential conflicts of interest. The Independent Trustees also regularly meet outside the presence of management and are advised by independent legal counsel. The Board has determined that its organization and leadership structure are appropriate in light of its fiduciary and oversight obligations, the special obligations of the Independent Trustees, and the relationship between the Interested Trustees and the Trust’s co-administrators. The Board also believes that its structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from management.
Consistent with its responsibility for oversight of the Fund in the interests of shareholders, the Board among other things oversees risk management of the Fund’ investment programs and business affairs directly and through the Audit Committee. The Board has emphasized to the Advisor the importance of maintaining vigorous risk management programs and procedures.
The Fund face a number of risks, such as investment risk, valuation risk, reputational risk, risk of operational failure or lack of business continuity, and legal, compliance and regulatory risk. Risk management seeks to identify and address risks, i.e., events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance or reputation of the Fund. Under the overall supervision of the Board, the Advisor and other service providers to the Fund employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various of those possible events or circumstances, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. Various personnel, including the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (the “CCO”), the Advisor’s management, and other service providers (such as the Fund’ independent registered public accounting firm) make periodic reports to the Board or to the Audit Committee with respect to various aspects of risk management. The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund’s investment objective, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Trustees as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s risk management oversight is subject to substantial limitations.
Fund Shares Beneficially Owned by Trustees
Certain information regarding ownership by the Trustees of the Fund and other series of the Trust, as of December 31, 2019, is set forth in the following table.
Name of Trustee | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund (None, $1-$10,000, $10,001-$50,000, $50,001-$100,000, Over $100,000) | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies |
Charles H. Miller, Independent Trustee | None | None |
Ashley Toomey Rabun, Independent Trustee | None | None |
William H. Young, Independent Trustee | None | $10,001 - $50,000 |
John P. Zader, Independent Trustee | None | None |
Eric M. Banhazl, Interested Trustee | None | $50,001 - $100,000 |
Maureen Quill, Interested Trustee | None | None |
Control Persons, Principal Shareholders, and Management Ownership
The following table lists the control persons of the Fund as of [ ], 2021. A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of the Fund or acknowledges the existence of control.1 Shareholders with a controlling interest could affect the outcome of voting or the direction of management of the Fund.
Control Person | Jurisdiction | Percentage of Total Outstanding Shares of the Fund as of [ ] |
Growth Fund | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| 1 | The Fund have no information regarding the beneficial owners of Fund shares owned through accounts with financial intermediaries. |
The following table lists the principal shareholders of the Fund as of [ ]. The principal shareholders are holders of record of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the indicated classes of the Fund, including the listed shareholders that are financial intermediaries.1
Fund | Shareholder | Percentage of Total Outstanding Shares of the Fund as of [ ] |
Growth Fund - Investor Class | | |
| | |
Growth Fund - Institutional Class | | |
| | |
| | |
| 1 | The Fund have no information regarding the beneficial owners of Fund shares owned through accounts with financial intermediaries. |
[As of [ ], the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group beneficially owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Furthermore, neither the Independent Trustees, nor members of their immediate families, own securities beneficially or of record in the Advisor, the Fund’s distributor, IMST Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), or any of their respective affiliates.]
The Advisor
Riverbridge Partners, LLC acts as investment advisor to the Fund pursuant to an Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”). The Advisor is majority owned by Northill US Holdings, Inc., an affiliate of Northill Capital Group (“Northill”). Northill provides equity capital to asset management firms. Subject to such policies as the Board of Trustees may determine, the Advisor is ultimately responsible for investment decisions for the Fund. Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor provides the Fund with such investment advice and supervision as it deems necessary for the proper supervision of the Fund’ investments. The Advisor also continuously monitors and maintains the Fund’s investment criteria and determines from time to time what securities may be purchased by the Fund.
The Advisory Agreement will continue in effect with respect to the Fund from year to year only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities and by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or interested persons of any such party, at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Advisory Agreement. The Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Fund, upon giving the Advisor 60 days’ notice when authorized either by a majority vote of the Fund’s shareholders or by a vote of a majority of the Board, or by the Advisor on 60 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Advisory Agreement provides that the Advisor shall not be liable for any error of judgment or for any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the Advisory Agreement, except for a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty, or for a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or from reckless disregard by the Advisor of its duties under the Advisory Agreement.
In consideration of the services to be provided by the Advisor pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is entitled to receive from the Fund an investment advisory fee computed daily and paid monthly based on an annual rate equal to a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets specified in the Prospectus.
Fund Expenses
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses (all of which will be borne directly or indirectly by the Fund’s shareholders), including among others, legal fees and expenses of counsel to the Fund and the Fund’s Independent Trustees; insurance (including trustees’ and officers’ errors and omissions insurance); auditing and accounting expenses; taxes and governmental fees; listing fees; dues and expenses incurred in connection with membership in investment company organizations; fees and expenses of the Fund’s custodians, administrators, transfer agents, registrars and other service providers; expenses for portfolio pricing services by a pricing agent, if any; expenses in connection with the issuance and offering of shares; expenses relating to investor and public relations; expenses of registering or qualifying securities of the Fund for public sale; brokerage commissions and other costs of acquiring or disposing of any portfolio holding of the Fund; expenses of preparation and distribution of reports, notices and dividends to shareholders; expenses of the dividend reinvestment plan; compensation and expenses of trustees; any litigation expenses; and costs of shareholders’ and other meetings.
The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses of the Fund to ensure that the total annual fund operating expenses (excluding, as applicable, any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with SEC Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 1.21% and 0.96% of the average daily net assets of the Investor Class shares and Institutional Class shares, respectively of the Growth Fund. This agreement is effective until March 31, 2021 with respect to Growth Fund. The agreement may be terminated before that date with respect to the Fund only by the Board of Trustees.
Any reduction in advisory fees or payment of Fund expenses made by the Advisor in a fiscal year may be reimbursed by the Fund for a period ending three full fiscal years after the date of reduction or payment if the Advisor so requests. This reimbursement may be requested from the Fund if the reimbursement will not cause the Fund’s annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (a) the expense limitation in effect at the time such fees were waived or payments made, or (b) the expense limitation in effect at the time of the reimbursement. However, the reimbursement amount may not exceed the total amount of fees waived and/or Fund expenses paid by the Advisor and will not include any amounts previously reimbursed to the Advisor by the Fund. Any such reimbursement is contingent upon the Board’s subsequent review of the reimbursed amounts. The Fund must pay current ordinary operating expenses before the Advisor is entitled to any reimbursement of fees and/or Fund expenses.
The Fund paid the following advisory fees to the Advisor for the periods indicated:
Fund | Advisory Fees Accrued | Advisory Fees Waived | Advisory Fee Retained |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2019 | | | |
Growth Fund | $809,087 | $142,265 | $666,822 |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2018 | | | |
Growth Fund | $705,821 | $172,781 | $533,040 |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2017 | | | |
Growth Fund | $531,549 | $164,870 | $366,679 |
Portfolio Managers
Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers. As of November 30, 2019, information on other accounts managed by the Fund’ portfolio managers is as follows.
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Portfolio Managers | Number of Accounts | Total Assets (in Million) | Number of Accounts | Total Assets (in Million) | Number of Accounts | Total Assets (in Million) |
Mark A. Thompson | 1 | $133 | 2 | $60 | 391 | $5,013 |
Rick D. Moulton | 1 | $133 | 2 | $60 | 391 | $5,013 |
| Number of Accounts with Advisory Fee Based on Performance |
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Portfolio Managers | Number of Accounts | Total Assets (in Million) | Number of Accounts | Total Assets (in Million) | Number of Accounts | Total Assets (in Million) |
Mark A. Thompson | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 | 5 | $13 |
Rick D. Moulton | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 | 5 | $13 |
Material Conflicts of Interest. It is possible that conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the portfolio managers’ management of the Fund’s investments on the one hand and the investments of other accounts or vehicles for which the portfolio managers are responsible on the other. For example, a portfolio manager may have conflicts of interest in allocating management time, resources and investment opportunities among the Fund and the other accounts or vehicles he advises. In addition, due to differences in the investment strategies or restrictions among the Fund and the other accounts, a portfolio manager may take action with respect to another account that differs from the action taken with respect to the Fund. The Fund receives the same fair allocation as all other accounts managed by the Advisor. No account receives preferential treatment. Accounts may be traded at different times due to extenuating circumstances that include tax status, client restrictions and other portfolio management issues. The Advisor has adopted and implemented policies and procedures, including brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures that it believes address the conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients.
Compensation of Portfolio Managers. The Advisor has a very direct incentive method: members of the investment team are owners of the firm. This structure directly aligns the pre-tax performance of client portfolios with investment team members’ compensation. The members of the investment team receive a modest base salary. The remainder of their compensation is comprised of a combination of an individual-based performance bonus, as well as a bonus tied to the performance of the overall firm. The Advisor measures a portfolio manager’s performance over an unlimited time period, but places greater emphasis on the most recent three-year period. The benchmarks used to measure performance include the Russell 3000, Russell 3000 Growth and the S&P 500 indices.
Ownership of the Fund by the Portfolio Managers. The following chart sets forth the dollar range of Fund shares owned by each portfolio manager in the Fund as of November 30, 2019:
Name of Portfolio Manager | Dollar Range of Securities in the Fund Owned (None, $1-$10,000, $10,001-$50,000, $50,001-$100,000, $100,001 - $500,000, $500,001 - $1,000,000, Over $1,000,000) |
| Growth Fund |
Mark A. Thompson | Over $1,000,000 |
Rick D. Moulton | Over $1,000,000 |
Service Providers
Pursuant to a Co-Administration Agreement (the “Co-Administration Agreement”), UMB Fund Services, Inc. (“UMBFS”), 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, and Mutual Fund Administration, LLC (“MFAC”), 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226, Glendora, California 91740 (collectively the “Co-Administrators”), act as co-administrators for the Fund. The Co-Administrators provide certain administrative services to the Fund, including, among other responsibilities, coordinating the negotiation of contracts and fees with, and the monitoring of performance and billing of, the Fund’ independent contractors and agents; preparing for signature by an officer of the Trust of all documents required to be filed for compliance with applicable laws and regulations including those of the securities laws of various states; arranging for the computation of performance data, including net asset value and yield; arranging for the maintenance of books and records of the Fund; and providing, at their own expense, office facilities, equipment and personnel necessary to carry out their duties. In this capacity, the Co-Administrators do not have any responsibility or authority for the management of the Fund, the determination of investment policy, or for any matter pertaining to the distribution of Fund shares. The Co-Administration Agreement provides that neither Co-Administrator shall be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust or its series, except for losses resulting from a Co-Administrator’s willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under the Agreement.
Pursuant to the Co-Administration Agreement, the Fund pays the Co-Administrators a fee for administration services. The fee is payable monthly based on the Fund’s average daily net assets.
The Fund paid the following co-administrator fees for the periods indicated:
| Growth Fund |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2019 | $122,619* |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2018 | $114,491 |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2017 | $85,056 |
| * | Includes Fund Administration and Accounting fees. |
UMBFS also acts as the Trust’s fund accountant, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent pursuant to separate agreements.
UMB Bank, n.a. (the “Custodian”), an affiliate of UMBFS, is the custodian of the assets of the Fund pursuant to a custody agreement between the Custodian and the Trust, whereby the Custodian provides services for fees on a transactional basis plus out-of-pocket expenses. The Custodian’s address is 928 Grand Boulevard, Kansas City, Missouri 64106. The Custodian does not participate in decisions pertaining to the purchase and sale of securities by the Fund.
Tait, Weller & Baker LLP (“Tait Weller”), Two Liberty Place, 50 S. 16th Street, Suite 2900, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102-2529, is the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund. Its services include auditing the Fund’ financial statements and the performance of related tax services.
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP (“Morgan Lewis”), 600 Anton Boulevard, Suite 1800, Costa Mesa, California 92626, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.
Paul Hastings LLP (“Paul Hastings”), 101 California Street, 48th Floor, San Francisco, California 94111, serves as legal counsel to the Independent Trustees.
Distributor and the Distribution Agreement
IMST Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”) is the distributor (also known as the principal underwriter) of the shares of the Fund and is located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and is a member of FINRA. The Distributor is not affiliated with the Trust, the Advisor or any other service provider for the Fund.
Under a Distribution Agreement with the Trust dated January 1, 2013 (the “Distribution Agreement”), the Distributor acts as the agent of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Fund. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Fund on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Trust.
The Distributor may enter into agreements with selected broker-dealers, banks or other financial intermediaries for distribution of share of the Fund. With respect to certain financial intermediaries and related fund “supermarket” platform arrangements, the Fund and/or the Advisor, rather than the Distributor, typically enter into such agreements. These financial intermediaries may charge a fee for their services and may receive shareholder service or other fees from parties other than the Distributor. These financial intermediaries may otherwise act as processing agents and are responsible for promptly transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to the Fund.
Investors who purchase shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the procedures of those intermediaries through which they purchase shares, which may include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in addition to, or different from, those listed herein. Information concerning any charges or services will be provided to customers by the financial intermediary through which they purchase shares. Investors purchasing shares of the Fund through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves with their financial intermediary’s procedures and should read the Prospectus in conjunction with any materials and information provided by their financial intermediary. The financial intermediary, and not its customers, will be the shareholder of record, although customers may have the right to vote shares depending upon their arrangement with the financial intermediary. The Distributor does not receive compensation from the Fund for its distribution services except the distribution/service fees with respect to the shares of those classes for which a Rule 12b-1 distribution plan is effective. The Advisor pays the Distributor a fee for certain distribution-related services.
The Distribution Agreement has an initial term of up to two years and will continue in effect only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities in accordance with the 1940 Act. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Fund on no less than 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund or by vote of a majority of the members of the Board who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Distribution Agreement, or by the Distributor, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Distribution Agreement provides that the Distributor shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the performance of the Distributor’s obligations and duties under the Distribution Agreement, except a loss resulting from the Distributor’s willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of such duties and obligations, or by reason of its reckless disregard thereof.
Rule 12b-1 Plan
The Trust has adopted a plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “12b-1 Plan”) that provides for Fund assets to be used for the payment for distribution services for Investor Class shares. The 12b-1 Plan provides alternative methods for paying sales charges and may help the Fund grow or maintain asset levels to provide operational efficiencies and economies of scale. The 12b-1 Plan also provides for the payment of service fees in connection with the provision of post-sales shareholder liaison services to holders of Investor Class shares, as defined in FINRA regulations, including personal services such as responding to customer inquiries, and services related to the maintenance of shareholder accounts. Because 12b-1 fees are paid out of Fund assets attributable to Investor Class shares on an ongoing basis, they will, over time, increase the cost of an investment and may cost more than other types of sales charges.
The 12b-1 Plan provides that the distribution fees paid by the Investor Class shares of the Fund may be used to pay for any expenses primarily intended to result in the sale of shares of such Class, including, but not limited to: (a) costs of payments, including incentive compensation, made to agents for and consultants to the Distributor or the Trust, including pension administration firms that provide distribution services and broker-dealers that engage in the distribution of the shares of such Class of the Fund; (b) payments made to, and expenses of, persons who provide support services in connection with the distribution of shares of such Class of the Fund; (c) payments made pursuant to any dealer agreements between the Distributor and certain broker-dealers, financial institutions and other service providers with respect to such Class of the Fund; (d) costs relating to the formulation and implementation of marketing and promotional activities; (e) costs of printing and distributing prospectuses, statements of additional information and reports of the Fund to prospective shareholders of such Class of the Fund; (f) costs involved in preparing, printing and distributing sales literature pertaining to such Class of the Fund; (g) costs involved in obtaining such information, analyses and reports with respect to marketing and promotional activities that the Trust may deem advisable with respect to such Class of the Fund; and (h) reimbursement to the Advisor for expenses advanced on behalf of the Fund or Class with respect to such activities. The 12b-1 Plan is a compensation plan, which means that the Distributor is compensated regardless of its expenses, as opposed to a reimbursement plan which reimburses only for expenses incurred. The Distributor does not retain any 12b-1 fees for profit. All 12b-1 fees are held in a retention account by the Distributor to pay for and/or reimburse the Advisor for distribution related expenditures.
The 12b-1 Plan may not be amended to materially increase the amount to be paid by the Fund’s Investor Class shares for distribution services without the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such shares. The 12b-1 Plan shall continue in effect indefinitely with respect to a Class, provided that such continuance is approved at least annually by a vote of a majority of the Trustees, including the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for such purpose or by vote of at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such Class. The 12b-1 Plan may be terminated with respect to a Class at any time without penalty by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote of the majority of the outstanding voting securities of such Class.
If the 12b-1 Plan is terminated for the Fund’s Investor Class shares in accordance with its terms, the obligation of the Fund to make payments pursuant to the 12b-1 Plan will cease and the Fund will not be required to make any payments past the termination date. Thus, there is no legal obligation for the Fund to pay any expenses incurred by the Distributor other than fees already payable under the 12b-1 Plan, if the 12b-1 Plan is terminated in accordance with its terms for any reason.
The following table shows the 12b-1 fees paid pursuant to the 12b-1 Plan for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2019:
| |
| Total Dollars Allocated |
Advertising/Marketing | $0 |
Printing/Postage | $0 |
Payment to distributor | $15,896 |
Payment to dealers | $0 |
Compensation to sales personnel | $0 |
Interest, carrying, or other financing charges | $0 |
Other | $0 |
Total | $15,896 |
Shareholder Service Plan
The Board has adopted, on behalf of the Fund, a Shareholder Service Plan (the “Service Plan”) under which the Advisor will provide, or arrange for others (such as banks, trust companies, broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries (each, a “Service Organization”)) to provide, certain specified non-distribution shareholder servicing functions for Fund shares owned by its respective customers, including but not limited to (a) establishing and maintaining accounts and records relating to customers who invest in the Fund; (b) aggregating and processing orders involving Fund shares; (c) processing dividend and other distribution payments from the Fund on behalf of customers; (d) preparing tax reports or forms on behalf of customers; (e) forwarding communications from the Fund; (f) providing sub-accounting with respect to Fund shares; (g) providing customers with a service that invests the assets of their accounts in Fund shares pursuant to specific or pre-authorized instructions; and (h) providing such other similar services as the Advisor may reasonably request to the extent it or a Service Organization is permitted to do so under applicable statutes, rules or regulations. The Fund will pay the Advisor or Service Organizations, as applicable, at an annual rate of up to 0.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets, payable monthly. The amount paid by the Fund to any Service Organization may be expressed in terms of a dollar amount per shareholder account in the Fund held by clients of the Service Organization, and/or in terms of percentage of the net assets of such accounts.
The following shareholder servicing fees were paid for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2019 by the Fund:
Marketing and Support Payments
The Advisor, out of its own resources and without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders, may provide cash payments or other compensation to certain financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Fund. These payments are in addition to other fees described in the Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI, and are generally provided for shareholder services or marketing support. Payments for marketing support are typically for inclusion of the Fund on sales lists, including electronic sales platforms. Investors may wish to take these payments into account when considering and evaluating recommendations to purchase shares of the Fund.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor determines which securities are to be purchased and sold by the Fund and which broker-dealers are eligible to execute the Fund’ portfolio transactions. The purchases and sales of securities in the OTC market will generally be executed by using a broker for the transaction.
Purchases of portfolio securities for the Fund also may be made directly from issuers or from underwriters. Where possible, purchase and sale transactions will be effected through dealers (including banks) that specialize in the types of securities which the Fund will be holding unless better executions are available elsewhere. Dealers and underwriters usually act as principals for their own accounts. Purchases from underwriters will include a concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter and purchases from dealers will include the spread between the bid and the asked price. If the execution and price offered by more than one dealer or underwriter are comparable, the order may be allocated to a dealer or underwriter that has provided research or other services as discussed below.
In placing portfolio transactions, the Advisor will use reasonable efforts to choose broker-dealers capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the most favorable price and execution available. The full range and quality of services available will be considered in making these determinations, such as the size of the order, the difficulty of execution, the operational facilities of the broker-dealer involved, the risk in positioning the block of securities, and other factors. In those instances where it is reasonably determined that more than one broker-dealer can offer the services needed to obtain the most favorable price and execution available, consideration may be given to those broker-dealers which furnish or supply research and statistical information to the Advisor that they may lawfully and appropriately use in their investment advisory capacities, as well as provide other services in addition to execution services. The Advisor considers such information, which is in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by it under its Advisory Agreement with the Fund, to be useful in varying degrees, but of indeterminable value.
While it is the Fund’ general policy to seek to obtain the most favorable price and execution available in selecting a broker-dealer to execute portfolio transactions for the Fund, weight is also given to the ability of a broker-dealer to furnish brokerage and research services as defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to the Fund or to the Advisor, even if the specific services are not directly useful to the Fund and may be useful to the Advisor in advising other clients. In negotiating commissions with a broker or evaluating the spread to be paid to a dealer, the Fund may therefore pay a higher commission or spread than would be the case if no weight were given to the furnishing of these supplemental services, provided that the amount of such commission or spread has been determined in good faith by the Advisor to be reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and/or research services provided by such broker-dealer. The standard of reasonableness is to be measured in light of the Advisor’s overall responsibilities to the Fund.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other client accounts that may be managed or advised by the Advisor. Nevertheless, it is possible that at times, identical securities will be acceptable for both the Fund and one or more of such client accounts. In such event, the position of the Fund and such client accounts in the same issuer may vary and the holding period may likewise vary. However, to the extent any of these client accounts seek to acquire the same security as the Fund at the same time, the Fund may not be able to acquire as large a position in such security as it desires, or it may have to pay a higher price or obtain a lower yield for such security. Similarly, the Fund may not be able to obtain as high a price for, or as large an execution of, an order to sell any particular security at the same time as the Advisor’s other client accounts.
The Fund do not effect securities transactions through brokers in accordance with any formula, nor does it effect securities transactions through brokers for selling shares of the Fund. However, broker-dealers who execute brokerage transactions may effect purchase of shares of the Fund for their customers. The brokers may also supply the Fund with research, statistical and other services.
The Fund paid the following brokerage and soft dollar commissions for the periods indicated:
| Broker Commissions | Soft Dollar Commissions |
For the Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2019 | | |
Growth Fund | $32,730 | $1,731 |
For the Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2018 | | |
Growth Fund | $31,769 | $1,133 |
For the Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2017 | | |
Growth Fund | $22,409 | $2,403 |
Holdings of Securities of the Fund’ Regular Brokers and Dealers
From time to time, the Fund may acquire and hold securities issued by its “regular brokers or dealers” or the parents of those brokers or dealers. “Regular brokers or dealers” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund are the ten brokers or dealers that, during the most recent fiscal year, (i) received the greatest dollar amounts of brokerage commissions from the Fund’s portfolio transactions, (ii) engaged as principal in the largest dollar amounts of the portfolio transactions of the Fund, or (iii) sold the largest dollar amounts of the Fund’s shares. The Fund did not hold any securities of any “regular brokers or dealers” during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2019.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Although Fund generally will not invest for short-term trading purposes, portfolio securities may be sold without regard to the length of time they have been held when, in the opinion of the Advisor, investment considerations warrant such action. Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing (1) the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by (2) the monthly average of the value of portfolio securities owned during the fiscal year. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all the securities in the Fund’s portfolio, with the exception of securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less, were sold and either repurchased or replaced within one year. A high rate of portfolio turnover (100% or more) generally leads to higher transaction costs and may result in a greater number of taxable transactions. To the extent net short-term capital gains are realized, any distributions resulting from such gains will generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates for federal income tax purposes.
The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was as follows:
| Fiscal Year Ended |
| November 30, 2019 | November 30, 2018 |
Growth Fund | 15% | 25% |
PROXY VOTING POLICY
The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (the “Trust Policies”) on behalf of the Trust, which delegates the responsibility for voting the Fund’ proxies to the Advisor, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight. The Trust Policies require that the Advisor vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Fund. The Trust Policies also require the Advisor to present to the Board, at least annually, the Advisor’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (the “Advisor Policies”) and a record of each proxy voted by the Advisor on behalf of the Fund, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the Advisor as involving a conflict of interest. See Appendix B for the Trust Policies and Advisor Policies. The Trust Policies and the Advisor Policies are intended to serve as guidelines and to further the economic value of each security held by the Fund. The Trust’s CCO will review the Trust Policies and Advisor Policies annually. Each proxy will be considered individually, taking into account the relevant circumstances at the time of each vote.
If a proxy proposal raises a material conflict between the Advisor’s interests and the Fund’s interests, the Advisor will resolve the conflict by following the Advisor policy guidelines or the recommendation of an independent third party.
The Fund is required to annually file Form N-PX, which lists the Fund’s complete proxy voting record for the 12-month period ended June 30 of each year. Once filed, the Fund’s proxy voting record will be available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 1-888-447-4470 and on the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov.
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM
The Trust has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the “Program”) as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (“USA PATRIOT Act”). In order to ensure compliance with this law, the Program provides for the development and implementation of internal practices, procedures and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program.
Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, determining that the Distributor and the Fund’ Transfer Agent have established proper anti-money laundering procedures, reporting suspicious and/or fraudulent activity, checking shareholder names against designated government lists, including Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), and a complete and thorough review of all new opening account applications. The Trust will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
The Trust has adopted policies and procedures regarding disclosure of portfolio holdings information (the “Disclosure Policy”). The Board of Trustees determined that the adoption of the Disclosure Policy, including the disclosure permitted therein, was in the best interests of the Trust. The Disclosure Policy applies to the Fund, Advisor, and other internal parties involved in the administration, operation or custody of the Fund, including, but not limited to UMBFS, MFAC, the Board of Trustees, counsel to the Trust, Morgan Lewis, counsel to the Independent Trustees, Paul Hastings, and the Fund’ independent registered public accounting firm, Tait, Weller & Baker LLP (collectively, the “Service Providers”). Pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, non-public information concerning the Fund’ portfolio holdings may be disclosed to its Service Providers only if such disclosure is consistent with the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws and the fiduciary duties owed by the Fund and the Advisor to the Fund’ shareholders. The Fund and their Service Providers may not receive compensation or any other consideration (which includes any agreement to maintain assets in the Fund or in other investment companies or accounts managed by the Advisor or any affiliated person of the Advisor) in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information of the Fund. The Fund’ Disclosure Policy is implemented and overseen by the CCO of the Trust, subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees. Periodic reports regarding these procedures will be provided to the Trust’s Board.
Portfolio holdings information will be deemed public when it has been (1) posted to the Fund’ public website (www.riverbridge.com) or (2) disclosed in periodic regulatory filings on the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov). Management of the Fund may make publicly available its portfolio holdings as of the most recent calendar quarter on the Fund’ public website no earlier than five days after the date of such information (e.g., information as of January 31 may be made available no earlier than February 5).
Non-Public Portfolio Holdings Information Policy. All portfolio holdings information that has not been disseminated in a manner making it available to investors generally as described above is considered non-public portfolio holdings information for the purposes of the Disclosure Policy. Pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, the Fund or their Service Providers may disclose non-public portfolio holdings information to certain third parties who fall within pre-authorized categories on a daily basis, with no lag time unless otherwise specified below. These third parties include: (i) the Fund’ Service Providers and others who need access to such information in the performance of their contractual or other duties and responsibilities to the Fund (e.g., custodians, accountants, the Advisor, administrators, attorneys, officers and Trustees) and who are subject to duties of confidentiality imposed by law or contract, (ii) brokers who execute trades for the Fund, (iii) evaluation service providers (as described below) and (iv) shareholders receiving in-kind redemptions (as described below).
Evaluation Service Providers. These third parties include mutual fund evaluation services, such as Morningstar, Inc. and Lipper, Inc. if the Fund have a legitimate business purpose for disclosing the information, provided that the third party expressly agrees to maintain the non-public portfolio holdings information in confidence and not to trade portfolio securities based on the non-public portfolio holdings information. Subject to the terms and conditions of any agreement between the Fund or their authorized service providers and the third party, if these conditions for disclosure are satisfied, there shall be no restriction on the frequency with which the Fund’ non-public portfolio holdings information is released, and no lag period shall apply. In addition, persons who owe a duty of trust or confidence to the Fund or their Service Providers (such as legal counsel) may receive non-public portfolio holdings information without entering into a non-disclosure agreement.
Shareholder In-Kind Distributions. The Fund may, in certain circumstances, pay redemption proceeds to a shareholder by an in-kind distribution of portfolio securities (instead of cash). In such circumstances, pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, Fund shareholders may receive a complete listing of the portfolio holdings of the Fund up to seven (7) calendar days prior to making the redemption request provided that they represent orally or in writing that they agree to maintain the confidentiality of the portfolio holdings information and not to trade portfolio securities based on the non-public holdings information.
Other Entities. Pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, the Fund or the Advisor may disclose non-public portfolio holdings information to a third party who does not fall within the pre-approved categories, and who are not executing broker-dealers; however, prior to the receipt of any non-public portfolio holdings information by such third party, the recipient must have entered into a non-disclosure agreement and the disclosure arrangement must have been approved by the CCO of the Trust. The CCO will report to the Board of Trustees on a quarterly basis regarding any recipients of non-public portfolio holdings information approved pursuant to this paragraph. There are no other ongoing arrangements as of the date of this SAI.
The Advisor and its affiliates may provide investment advice to clients other than the Fund that have investment objectives that may be substantially similar to those of the Fund. These clients also may have portfolios consisting of holdings substantially similar to those of the Fund and generally have access to current portfolio holdings information for their accounts. These clients do not owe the Advisor or the Fund a duty of confidentiality with respect to disclosure of their portfolio holdings.
Current Arrangements Regarding Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings. As of the date of this SAI, the Trust or the Fund has ongoing business arrangements with the following entities which involve making portfolio holdings information available to such entities as an incidental part of the services they provide to the Trust (i) the Advisor, MFAC and UMBFS (the Co-Administrators) and UMB Bank, N.A. (the Custodian) pursuant to investment management, administration and custody agreements, respectively, under which the Trust’s portfolio holdings information is provided daily on a real-time basis (i.e., with no time lag); (ii) Tait Weller (independent registered public accounting firm), Morgan Lewis & Bockius LLP and Paul Hastings (attorneys) to whom the Trust provides portfolio holdings information on a regular basis with varying lag times after the date of the information; (iii) Practical Computer Application to which MFAC provides the Trust’s portfolio holdings information on a daily basis for programming and database hosting services in connection with MFAC’s administrative services to the Trust; (iv) Donnelley Financial Solutions to which the Trust provides portfolio holdings information on a monthly basis in connection with the filings of Form N-PORT; and (v) Morningstar, Inc., Lipper Inc., Thomson Financial, Vickers Stock Research Corporation, Bloomberg L.P., and State Street Bank and Trust Company, to which the Fund’ portfolio holdings information is provided quarterly after the end of the previous fiscal quarter, with a 60-day time lag and no earlier than the date such information is filed on the SEC’s EDGAR system on Form N-Q (for the first and third fiscal quarters) or the Annual or Semi-Annual Report is mailed to shareholders (for the second and fourth fiscal quarters), as applicable.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset values per share (“NAVs”) of the Fund’s shares will fluctuate and are determined as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, the normal close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) on each day the NYSE is open for trading. The NAVs may be calculated earlier if permitted by the SEC. The NYSE annually announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent announcement indicates that the NYSE will not be open for the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However, the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement.
The NAV of each class of the Fund is computed by dividing (a) the difference between the value of the Fund’s securities, cash and other assets and the amount of the Fund’s expenses and liabilities attributable to the class by (b) the number of shares outstanding in that class (assets – liabilities / # of shares = NAV). Each NAV takes into account all of the expenses and fees of that class of the Fund, including management fees and administration fees, which are accrued daily.
Net Assets | = | NAV |
Shares Outstanding |
Generally, the Fund’ investments are valued at market value or, in the absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the Advisor and the Trust’s Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures approved by or under the direction of the Board. Pursuant to those procedures, the Board considers, among other things: 1) the last sale price on the securities exchange, if any, on which a security is primarily traded; 2) the mean between the bid and ask prices; 3) price quotations from an approved pricing service (which use information provided by market makers or estimates of market value based on similar securities), and 4) other factors as necessary to determine a fair value under certain circumstances.
The Fund’ securities which are traded on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between the last available bid and ask prices.
Pricing services generally value debt securities assuming orderly transactions of an institutional round lot size, but such securities may be held or transactions may be conducted in such securities in smaller, odd lot sizes. Odd lots often trade at lower prices than institutional round lots.
Securities that are traded on more than one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the primary market. Securities primarily traded in the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (“NASDAQ”) National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (“NOCP”). If the NOCP is not available, such securities shall be valued at the last sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has not been any sale on such day, at the mean between the bid and ask prices. OTC securities which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System are valued at the most recent trade price.
Stocks that are “thinly traded” or events occurring when a foreign market is closed but the NYSE is open (for example, the value of a security held by the Fund has been materially affected by events occurring after the close of the exchange or market on which the security is principally traded) may create a situation where a market quote would not be readily available. When a market quote is not readily available, the security’s value is based on “fair value” as determined by procedures adopted by the Board. The Board will periodically review the reliability of the Fund’s fair value methodology. The Fund may hold portfolio securities, such as those traded on foreign securities exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when the Fund’ shares are not priced. Therefore, the value of the Fund’ shares may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem shares.
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60 days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in good faith deems appropriate to reflect as their fair value.
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF FUND SHARES
Detailed information on the purchase and redemption of shares is included in the Fund’ Prospectus. Shares of the Fund are sold at the next offering price calculated after receipt of an order for purchase. In order to purchase shares of the Fund, you must invest the initial minimum investment for the relevant class of shares. However, the Fund reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to waive the minimum initial investment amount for certain investors, or to waive or reduce the minimum initial investment for 401(k) plans or other tax-deferred retirement plans. You may purchase shares on any day that the NYSE is open for business by placing orders with the Fund.
The Fund reserves the right to refuse any purchase requests, particularly those that would not be in the best interests of the Fund or its shareholders and could adversely affect the Fund or its operations. This includes those from any individual or group who, in the Fund’s view, is likely to engage in or has a history of excessive trading (usually defined as more than four round-trip transactions out of the Fund within a calendar year). Furthermore, the Fund may suspend the right to redeem its shares or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for more than seven calendar days (i) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend or holiday closings) or trading on the NYSE is restricted; (ii) for any period during which an emergency exists affecting the sale of the Fund’s securities or making such sale or the fair determination of the value of the Fund’s net assets not reasonably practicable; or (iii) for such other periods as the SEC may permit for the protection of the Fund’s shareholders. In addition, if shares are purchased using a check and a redemption is requested before the check has cleared, the Fund may postpone payment of the redemption proceeds up to 15 days while the Fund waits for the check to clear.
Redemptions In-Kind
The Trust has filed an election under SEC Rule 18f-1 committing to pay in cash all redemptions by a shareholder of record up to amounts specified by the rule (the lesser of (i) $250,000 or (ii) 1% of the Fund’s assets). The Fund have reserved the right to pay the redemption price of its shares in excess of the amounts specified by the rule, either totally or partially, by an in-kind distribution of portfolio securities (instead of cash). The securities so distributed would be valued at the same amounts as those assigned to them in calculating the NAV for the Fund shares being redeemed. If a shareholder receives an in-kind distribution, the shareholder could incur brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash.
The Fund do not intend to hold any significant percentage of their portfolios in illiquid securities, although the Fund, like virtually all mutual Fund, may from time to time hold a small percentage of securities that are illiquid. In the unlikely event the Fund were to elect to make an in-kind redemption, the Fund expects that it would follow the normal protocol of making such distribution by way of a pro rata distribution based on its entire portfolio. If the Fund held illiquid securities, such distribution may contain a pro rata portion of such illiquid securities or the Fund may determine, based on a materiality assessment, not to include illiquid securities in the in-kind redemption. The Fund do not anticipate that it would ever selectively distribute a greater than pro rata portion of any illiquid securities to satisfy a redemption request. If such securities are included in the distribution, shareholders may not be able to liquidate such securities and may be required to hold such securities indefinitely. Shareholders’ ability to liquidate such securities distributed in-kind may be restricted by resale limitations or substantial restrictions on transfer imposed by the issuers of the securities or by law. Shareholders may only be able to liquidate such securities distributed in-kind at a substantial discount from their value, and there may be higher brokerage costs associated with any subsequent disposition of these securities by the recipient.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX MATTERS
The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal (and, where noted, state and local) income tax considerations affecting the Fund and their shareholders. The discussion is very general. Current and prospective shareholders are therefore urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of investing in the Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
Legislation commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) made significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for taxation of individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Many of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and only apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026. The application of certain provisions of the Tax Act is uncertain, and the changes to the Code that the Tax Act enacted may have direct or indirect effects on the Fund, their investments, or their shareholders that cannot readily be predicted. In addition, legislative, regulatory, or administrative changes to, or in respect of the application of, the Tax Act could be enacted or promulgated at any time, either prospectively or with retroactive effect. You are urged to consult your own tax advisor regarding how the Tax Act affects your investment in the Fund.
The Fund is treated as a separate entity from other series of the Trust for federal income tax purposes. The Fund has elected to be, and intends to qualify each year for treatment as, a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code by complying with all applicable requirements of the Code, including, among other things, requirements as to the sources of the Fund’s income, diversification of the Fund’s assets and timing of Fund distributions. To so qualify, the Fund must, among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains, and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income); (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s assets is represented by cash, securities of other regulated investment companies, U.S. government securities and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the Fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested, including through corporations in which the Fund owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, in the securities (other than the securities of other regulated investment companies) of any two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or in the securities of one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships;” and (c) distribute an amount equal to the sum of at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and 90% of its net tax-exempt income, if any, for the tax year (including, for purposes of satisfying this distribution requirement, certain distributions made by the Fund after the close of its taxable year that are treated as made during such taxable year).
As a regulated investment company, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. In order to also avoid liability for a non-deductible federal excise tax, the Fund must distribute (or be deemed to have distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year at least the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for such year, (ii) 98.2% of the excess of its realized capital gains over its realized capital losses for the 12-month period generally ending on October 31 during such year and (iii) any amounts from the prior calendar year that were not distributed and on which the Fund paid no federal income tax. The Fund will be subject to income tax at the regular corporate tax rate on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders. The Fund’ policy is to distribute to its shareholders all investment company taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and any net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) for each fiscal year in a manner that complies with the distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be subject to any federal income or excise taxes.
If, for any taxable year, the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company or were to fail to meet certain minimum distribution requirements under the Code, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income. In addition, in the event of a failure to qualify, the Fund’s distributions, to the extent derived from the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, including any distributions of net capital gain, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividend income for federal income tax purposes. However, such dividends would be eligible, subject to any generally applicable limitations, (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. Moreover, if the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company in any year, it would be required to pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a regulated investment company. Under certain circumstances, the Fund may be able to cure a failure to qualify as a regulated investment company, but in order to do so the Fund might incur significant Fund-level taxes and might be forced to dispose of certain assets. If the Fund failed to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund would generally be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets upon a disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.
Shareholders generally will be subject to federal income taxes on distributions made by the Fund whether paid in cash or additional shares. Distributions of net investment income (including interest, dividend income and net short-term capital gain in excess of any net long-term capital loss, less certain expenses), other than qualified dividend income, will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions of qualified dividend income generally will be taxed to non-corporate shareholders at the federal income tax rates applicable to net capital gain, provided the Fund reports the amount distributed as qualified dividend income.
In general, dividends may be reported by the Fund as qualified dividend income if they are attributable to qualified dividend income received by the Fund. Qualified dividend income generally means dividend income received from the Fund’s investments in common and preferred stock of U.S. companies and stock of certain qualified foreign corporations, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund and its shareholders. If 95% or more of the Fund’s gross income (calculated without taking into account net capital gain derived from sales or other dispositions of stock or securities) consists of qualified dividend income, the Fund may report all distributions of such income as qualified dividend income.
A foreign corporation is treated as a qualified foreign corporation for this purpose if it is incorporated in a possession of the United States or it is eligible for the benefits of certain income tax treaties with the United States and meets certain additional requirements. Certain foreign corporations that are not otherwise qualified foreign corporations will be treated as qualified foreign corporations with respect to dividends paid by them if the stock with respect to which the dividends are paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Passive foreign investment companies are not qualified foreign corporations for this purpose. Dividends received by the Fund from REITs generally do not qualify for treatment as qualified dividend income.
Dividends paid by the Fund may qualify in part for the dividends-received deduction available to corporate shareholders, provided the Fund reports the amount distributed as a qualifying dividend and certain holding period and other requirements under the Code are satisfied. The reported amount, however, cannot exceed the aggregate amount of qualifying dividends received by the Fund for its taxable year. Eligibility for qualified dividend income treatment and the dividends-received deduction may be reduced or eliminated if, among other things, (i) the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property or (ii) certain holding period requirements are not satisfied at both the Fund and shareholder levels. In addition, qualified dividend income treatment is not available if a shareholder elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest.
If the Fund receives a dividend (other than a capital gain dividend) in respect of any share of REIT stock with a tax holding period of at least 46 days during the 91-day period beginning on the date that is 45 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend as to that dividend, then Fund dividends attributable to that REIT dividend income (as reduced by certain fund expenses) may be reported by the Fund as eligible for the 20% deduction for “qualified REIT dividends” generally available to noncorporate shareholders under the Code. In order to qualify for this deduction, noncorporate shareholders must meet minimum holding period requirements with respect to their Fund shares.
Distributions of net capital gain, if any, that the Fund reports as capital gain dividends will be taxable to non-corporate shareholders as long-term capital gain without regard to how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund. The Fund may retain certain amounts of capital gains and designate them as undistributed net capital gain in a notice to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amounts so designated, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the income tax paid by the Fund on those undistributed amounts against their federal income tax liabilities and to claim reFund to the extent such credits exceed their liabilities and (iii) will be entitled to increase their federal income tax basis in their shares by an amount equal to the excess of the amounts of undistributed net capital gain included in their respective income over their respective income tax credits.
Distributions in excess of earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the shareholder’s basis in his or her Fund shares. A distribution treated as a return of capital will reduce the shareholder’s basis in his or her shares, which will result in an increase in the amount of gain (or a decrease in the amount of loss) that will be recognized by the shareholder for tax purposes on a later sale of such shares. After the shareholder’s basis is reduced to zero, any distributions in excess of earnings and profits will be treated as a capital gain, assuming the shareholder holds his or her shares as capital assets.
A 3.8% Medicare contribution tax generally applies to all or a portion of the net investment income of a shareholder who is an individual and not a nonresident alien for federal income tax purposes and who has adjusted gross income (subject to certain adjustments) that exceeds a threshold amount ($250,000 if married filing jointly or if considered a “surviving spouse” for federal income tax purposes, $125,000 if married filing separately, and $200,000 in other cases). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts. For these purposes, interest, dividends and certain capital gains (among other categories of income) are generally taken into account in computing a shareholder’s net investment income.
Certain tax-exempt educational institutions are subject to a 1.4% tax on net investment income. For these purposes, certain dividends and capital gain distributions, and certain gains from the disposition of Fund shares (among other categories of income), are generally taken into account in computing a shareholder’s net investment income.
Distributions are generally taxable when received. However, distributions declared in October, November or December to shareholders of record on a date in such a month and paid the following January are taxable for federal income tax purposes as if received on December 31 of the calendar year in which declared. Distributions are includable in alternative minimum taxable income in computing a shareholder’s liability for the federal alternative minimum tax, which is imposed on individual taxpayers under the Code. In addition, certain distributions made after the close of a taxable year of the Fund may be “spilled back” and treated for certain purposes as paid by the Fund during such taxable year. In such case, shareholders generally will be treated as having received such dividends in the taxable year in which the distributions were actually made. For purposes of calculating the amount of a regulated investment company’s undistributed income and gain subject to the 4% excise tax described above, such “spilled back” dividends are treated as paid by the regulated investment company when they are actually paid.
A redemption of Fund shares may result in recognition of a taxable gain or loss. The gain or loss will generally be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year, and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized upon a redemption or exchange of shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions of long-term capital gains during such six-month period. Any loss realized upon a redemption may be disallowed under certain wash sale rules to the extent shares of the Fund or substantially identical stock or securities are purchased (through reinvestment of distributions or otherwise) within 30 days before or after the redemption.
If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not exempted. The fact that a loss is so reportable does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper.
The Fund’s transactions in options and other similar transactions, such as futures, may be subject to special provisions of the Code that, among other things, affect the character of any income realized by the Fund from such investments, accelerate recognition of income to the Fund, defer Fund losses, affect the holding period of the Fund’s securities, affect whether distributions will be eligible for the dividends-received deduction or be treated as qualified dividend income and affect the determination of whether capital gain and loss is characterized as long-term or short-term capital gain or loss. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions may also require the Fund to “mark-to-market” certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out), which may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding U.S. federal income and excise taxes. The Fund will monitor these transactions and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records, and if the Fund deems it advisable, will make appropriate elections if available in order to mitigate the effect of these rules, prevent disqualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company and minimize the imposition of U.S. federal income and excise taxes.
The Fund’s transactions in broad based equity index futures contracts, exchange-traded options on such indices and certain other futures contracts are generally considered “Section 1256 contracts” for federal income tax purposes. Any unrealized gains or losses on such Section 1256 contracts are treated as though they were realized at the end of each taxable year. The resulting gain or loss is treated as 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. Gain or loss recognized on actual sales of Section 1256 contracts is treated in the same manner. As noted above, distributions of net short-term capital gain are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income while distributions of net long-term capital gain are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long the shareholder has held shares of the Fund.
The Fund’s entry into a short sale transaction, an option or certain other contracts, such as futures, could be treated as the constructive sale of an appreciated financial position, causing the Fund to realize gain, but not loss, on the position.
If the Fund invests in certain pay-in-kind securities, zero coupon securities, deferred interest securities or, in general, any other securities with original issue discount (or with market discount if the Fund elects to include market discount in income currently), the Fund must accrue income on such investments for each taxable year, which generally will be prior to the receipt of the corresponding cash payments. However, the Fund must distribute, at least annually, all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), including such accrued income to shareholders to avoid federal income and excise taxes. Therefore, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities (potentially under disadvantageous circumstances) to generate cash, or may have to undertake leverage by borrowing cash, to satisfy these distribution requirements. Dispositions of portfolio securities may result in additional gains and additional distribution requirements.
If the Fund invests in a market discount bond, it will be required to treat any gain recognized on the disposition of such market discount bond as ordinary income (instead of capital gain) to the extent of the accrued market discount, unless the Fund elects to include the market discount in income as it accrues as discussed above. A market discount bond is a security acquired in the secondary market at a price below its redemption value (or its adjusted issue price if it is also an original issue discount bond).
The Fund may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries, including taxes on interest, dividends and capital gains with respect to its investments in those countries, which would, if imposed, reduce the yield on or return from those investments. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases. So long as the Fund qualifies for treatment as a regulated investment company and incurs “qualified foreign taxes,” if more than 50% of its net assets at the close of its taxable year consist of stock or securities of foreign corporations, which for this purpose may include obligations of foreign governmental issuers, the Fund may elect to “pass through” to its shareholders the amount of such foreign taxes paid. If this election is made, information with respect to the amount of the foreign income taxes that are allocated to the Fund’s shareholders will be provided to them and any shareholder subject to tax on dividends will be required (i) to include in ordinary gross income (in addition to the amount of the taxable dividends actually received) his/her proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid that are attributable to such dividends; and (ii) either to deduct his/her proportionate share of such foreign taxes in computing his/her taxable income or to claim that amount as a foreign tax credit (subject to applicable limitations) against U.S. income taxes.
Shareholders who do not itemize deductions for U.S. federal income tax purposes will not be able to deduct their pro rata portion of qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund, although such shareholders will be required to include their shares of such taxes in gross income if the Fund makes the election described above. Qualified foreign taxes generally include taxes that would be treated as income taxes under U.S. tax regulations but do not include most other taxes, such as stamp taxes, securities transaction taxes, and similar taxes. No deduction for such taxes will be permitted to individuals in computing their alternative minimum tax liability.
If the Fund makes the election to pass through qualified foreign taxes and a shareholder chooses to take a credit for the foreign taxes deemed paid by such shareholder, the amount of the credit that may be claimed in any year may not exceed the same proportion of the U.S. tax against which such credit is taken that the shareholder’s taxable income from foreign sources (but not in excess of the shareholder’s entire taxable income) bears to his entire taxable income. For this purpose, long-term and short-term capital gains the Fund realizes and distributes to shareholders will generally not be treated as income from foreign sources in their hands, nor will distributions of certain foreign currency gains subject to Section 988 of the Code or of any other income realized by the Fund that is deemed, under the Code, to be U.S.-source income in the hands of the Fund. This foreign tax credit limitation may also be applied separately to certain specific categories of foreign-source income and the related foreign taxes. As a result of these rules, which may have different effects depending upon each shareholder’s particular tax situation, certain shareholders may not be able to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund. Shareholders who are not liable for U.S. federal income taxes, including tax-exempt shareholders, will ordinarily not benefit from this election. If the Fund does make the election, it will provide required tax information to shareholders. The Fund generally may deduct any foreign taxes that are not passed through to its shareholders in computing its income available for distribution to shareholders to satisfy applicable tax distribution requirements. Under certain circumstances, if the Fund receives a refund of foreign taxes paid in respect of a prior year, the value of the Fund’s shares could be affected, or any foreign tax credits or deductions passed through to shareholders in respect of the Fund’s foreign taxes for the current year could be reduced.
Foreign exchange gains or losses realized by the Fund in connection with certain transactions involving foreign currency-denominated debt securities, certain options and futures contracts relating to foreign currency, foreign currency forward contracts, foreign currencies, or payables or receivables denominated in a foreign currency are subject to Section 988 of the Code, which generally causes such gains or losses to be treated as ordinary gain or loss and may affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.
The Fund may purchase the securities of certain foreign companies treated as passive foreign investment companies for federal income tax purposes (“PFICs”). PFICs may be the only or primary means by which the Fund may invest in some countries. If the Fund invests in equity securities of PFICs, it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such securities even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend to shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund with respect to deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains. Capital gains on the sale of such holdings will be deemed to be ordinary income regardless of how long such PFICs are held. A “qualified electing fund” election or a “mark to market” election may generally be available that would ameliorate these adverse tax consequences, but such elections could require the Fund to recognize taxable income or gain (subject to the distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies, as described above) without the concurrent receipt of cash. In order to satisfy the distribution requirements and avoid a tax on the Fund, the Fund may be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss to the fund. In order for the Fund to make a qualified electing fund election with respect to a PFIC, the PFIC would have to agree to provide certain tax information to the Fund on an annual basis, which it might not agree to do. The Fund may limit and/or manage its holdings in PFICs to limit its tax liability or maximize its return from these investments.
Depreciation or other cost recovery deductions passed through to the Fund from investments in MLPs in a given year will generally reduce the Fund’s taxable income, but those deductions may be recaptured in the Fund’s income in one or more subsequent years. When recognized and distributed, recapture income will generally be taxable to shareholders of the applicable Fund at the time of the distribution at ordinary income tax rates, even though those shareholders might not have held shares in the Fund at the time the deductions were taken by the Fund, and even though those shareholders will not have corresponding economic gain on their shares at the time of the recapture. In order to distribute recapture income or to fund redemption requests, the Fund may need to liquidate investments, which may lead to additional recapture income.
Noncorporate taxpayers are generally eligible for a deduction of up to 20% of “qualified publicly traded partnership income.” The Fund will not be able to claim such a deduction in respect of income allocated to it by any MLPs or other publicly traded partnerships in which it invests, and absent any additional guidance, the law does not allow noncorproate shareholders to be able to claim a deduction in respect of Fund dividends attributable to any such income.
Non-U.S. persons are subject to U.S. tax on disposition of a “United States real property interest” (a “USRPI”). Gain on such a disposition is sometimes referred to as “FIRPTA gain.” The Code provides a look-through rule for distributions of “FIRPTA gain” if certain requirements are met. If the look-through rule applies, certain distributions attributable to income received by the Fund, e.g., from REITs, may be treated as gain from the disposition of a USRPI, causing distributions to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at rates of up to 21%, and require non-U.S. shareholders to file nonresident U.S. income tax returns.
The Fund is required to withhold (as “backup withholding”) a portion of reportable payments, including dividends, capital gain distributions and the proceeds of redemptions and exchanges or repurchases of Fund shares, paid to shareholders who have not complied with certain IRS regulations. The backup withholding rate is currently 24%. In order to avoid this withholding requirement, shareholders, other than certain exempt entities, must certify on IRS Forms W-9 or on certain other documents, that the Social Security Numbers or other Taxpayer Identification Numbers they provide are their correct numbers and that they are not currently subject to backup withholding, or that they are exempt from backup withholding. The Fund may nevertheless be required to backup withhold if it receives notice from the IRS or a broker that a number provided is incorrect or that backup withholding is applicable as a result of previous underreporting of interest or dividend income.
Ordinary dividends and certain other payments made by the Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate (or a lower rate as may be determined in accordance with any applicable treaty). In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or similar form certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides an IRS Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate).
The 30% withholding tax described in the preceding paragraph generally will not apply to distributions of net capital gain, to redemption proceeds, or to dividends that the Fund reports as (a) interest-related dividends, to the extent such dividends are derived from the Fund’s “qualified net interest income,” or (b) short-term capital gain dividends, to the extent such dividends are derived from the Fund’s “qualified short-term gain.” “Qualified net interest income” is the Fund’s net income derived from U.S.-source interest and original issue discount, subject to certain exceptions and limitations. “Qualified short-term gain” generally means the excess of the net short-term capital gain of the Fund for the taxable year over its net long-term capital loss, if any. In order to qualify for an exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form). Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that are subject to this 30% withholding tax.
Unless certain non-U.S. entities that hold Fund shares comply with IRS requirements that will generally require them to report information regarding U.S. persons investing in, or holding accounts with, such entities, a 30% withholding tax may apply to the Fund’ dividends payable to such entities. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the United States and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.
This discussion and the related discussion in the Prospectus have been prepared by management of the Fund, and counsel to the Trust has expressed no opinion in respect thereof.
Shareholders and prospective shareholders of the Fund should consult their own tax advisors concerning the effect of owning shares of the Fund in light of their particular tax situations.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred in its operations, is the Fund’s net investment income, substantially all of which will be declared as dividends to the Fund’s shareholders.
The amount of income dividend payments by the Fund is dependent upon the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The Fund do not pay “interest” or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an investment in its shares.
The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund may realize from transactions involving investments held for less than the period required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any available carryover of capital losses), although a distribution from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of the income dividends paid by the Fund and will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. If during any year the Fund realizes a net gain on transactions involving investments held for more than the period required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing long-term capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital gain. After deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the balance (to the extent not offset by any capital losses available to be carried over) generally will be distributed and treated as long-term capital gains in the hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time the Fund’s shares may have been held by the shareholders. For more information concerning applicable capital gains tax rates, see your tax advisor.
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund’s NAV on the date paid by the amount of the dividend or distribution per share. Accordingly, a dividend or distribution paid shortly after a purchase of shares by a shareholder will generally be taxable, even if it effectively represents a partial return of the shareholder’s capital.
Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated. Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the Transfer Agent in writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the Transfer Agent has received the written request.
The Fund’s investments in partnerships, if any, including in qualified publicly traded partnerships, may result in that Fund being subject to state, local or foreign income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Investment Managers Series Trust is an open-end management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware on February 15, 2005. The Trust has a number of outstanding series of shares of beneficial interest, each of which represents interests in a separate portfolio of securities.
The Trust’s Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to create additional series of shares, to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest of each series, including the Fund, and to divide or combine the shares of any series into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in the series. The assets belonging to a series are charged with the liabilities in respect of that series and all expenses, costs, charges and reserves attributable to that series only. Therefore, any creditor of any series may look only to the assets belonging to that series to satisfy the creditor’s debt. Any general liabilities, expenses, costs, charges or reserves of the Trust which are not readily identifiable as pertaining to any particular series are allocated and charged by the Trustees to and among the existing series in the sole discretion of the Trustees. Each share represents an interest in the Fund proportionately equal to the interest of each other share. Upon the Fund’s liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders.
The Trust may offer more than one class of shares of any series. Each share of a series or class represents an equal proportionate interest in that series or class with each other share of that series or class. With respect to the Fund, the Trust currently offers two classes of shares: Investor Class and Institutional Class. The Trust has reserved the right to create and issue additional series or classes. Each share of a series or class represents an equal proportionate interest in that series or class with each other share of that series or class.
The shares of each series or class participate equally in the earnings, dividends and assets of the particular series or class. Expenses of the Trust, which are not attributable to a specific series or class, are allocated among all the series in a manner believed by management of the Trust to be fair and equitable. Shares issued do not have pre-emptive or conversion rights. Shares when issued are fully paid and non-assessable, except as set forth below. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each share held. Shares of each series or class generally vote together, except when required under federal securities laws to vote separately on matters that only affect a particular series or class, such as the approval of distribution plans for a particular class.
The Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders but will hold special meetings of shareholders of a series or class when, in the judgment of the Board, it is necessary or desirable to submit matters for a shareholder vote. Shareholders have, under certain circumstances, the right to communicate with other shareholders in connection with requesting a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of removing one or more trustees. Shareholders also have, in certain circumstances, the right to remove one or more trustees without a meeting. No material amendment may be made to the Trust’s Declaration of Trust without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of each portfolio affected by the amendment.
The Trust’s Declaration of Trust provides that, at any meeting of shareholders of the Trust or of any series or class, a shareholder servicing agent may vote any shares as to which such shareholder servicing agent is the agent of record for shareholders who are not represented in person or by proxy at the meeting, proportionately in accordance with the votes cast by holders of all shares of that portfolio otherwise represented at the meeting in person or by proxy as to which such shareholder servicing agent is the agent of record. Any shares so voted by a shareholder servicing agent will be deemed represented at the meeting for purposes of quorum requirements. Any series or class may be terminated (i) upon the merger or consolidation with, or the sale or disposition of all or substantially all of its assets to, another entity, if approved by the vote of the holders of two-thirds of its outstanding shares, except that if the Board recommends such merger, consolidation or sale or disposition of assets, the approval by vote of the holders of a majority of the series’ or class’ outstanding shares will be sufficient, or (ii) by the vote of the holders of a majority of its outstanding shares, or (iii) by the Board by written notice to the series’ or class’ shareholders. Unless each series and class is so terminated, the Trust will continue indefinitely.
Shareholders may send communications to the Board. Shareholders should send communications intended for the Board by addressing the communications to the Board, in care of the Secretary of the Trust and sending the communication to 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226, Glendora, California 91740. A shareholder communication must (i) be in writing and be signed by the shareholder, (ii) provide contact information for the shareholder, (iii) identify the Fund to which it relates, and (iv) identify the class and number of shares held by the shareholder. The Secretary of the Trust may, in good faith, determine that a shareholder communication should not be provided to the Board because it does not reasonably relate to the Trust or its operations, management, activities, policies, service providers, Board, officers, shareholders or other matters relating to an investment in the Fund or is otherwise immaterial in nature. Other shareholder communications received by the Fund not directly addressed and sent to the Board will be reviewed and generally responded to by management, and will be forwarded to the Board only at management’s discretion based on the matters contained therein.
The Declaration of Trust provides that no Trustee or officer of the Trust shall be subject to any personal liability in connection with the assets or affairs of the Trust or any of its series except for losses in connection with his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties. The Trust has also entered into an indemnification agreement with each Trustee which provides that the Trust shall advance expenses and indemnify and hold harmless the Trustee in certain circumstances against any expenses incurred by the Trustee in any proceeding arising out of or in connection with the Trustee’s service to the Trust, to the maximum extent permitted by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, the 1933 Act and the 1940 Act, and which provides for certain procedures in connection with such advancement of expenses and indemnification.
The Trust’s Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust shall maintain appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding and errors and omissions insurance) for the protection of the Trust, its shareholders, trustees, officers, employees and agents covering possible tort and other liabilities.
The Declaration of Trust does not require the issuance of stock certificates. If stock certificates are issued, they must be returned by the registered owners prior to the transfer or redemption of shares represented by such certificates.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a “majority” (as defined in the rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
The Trust, the Advisor have adopted Codes of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics permit, subject to certain conditions, personnel of each of those entities to invest in securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Incorporated by reference herein is the Fund's Annual Report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2019, which includes the “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” “Schedule of Investments,” “Statement of Assets and Liabilities,” “Statement of Operations,” “Statements of Changes in Net Assets,” “Financial Highlights” and “Notes to Financial Statements.” A copy of the Fund's Annual Report can be obtained at no charge by calling 1-888-447-4470 or writing the Fund.
APPENDIX “A”
DESCRIPTION OF SHORT-TERM RATINGS
Description of certain short-term ratings assigned by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) and Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”):
S&P
A-1 - A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are given a plus sign (+) designation. This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2 - A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
Moody’s
Prime rating system (short-term)
Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-1 repayment ability will often be evidenced by (a) leading market positions in well-established industries, (b).high rates of return on Fund employed, (c) conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection, (d) broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation, and (e) well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.
Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.
Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term obligations. The effect of industry characteristics and market compositions may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and may require relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.
APPENDIX “B”
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
RIVERBRIDGE PARTNERS, LLC
It is the policy of Riverbridge Partners to vote all proxies for the exclusive benefit of the accounts whose assets we manage. In most, if not all cases, this will mean that the proposals which maximize the value of portfolio securities will be approved with consideration for the environmental, social and governance, issues that aid in this objective.
The purposes of these proxy voting procedures is to ensure that Riverbridge Partners fulfills our responsibilities to clients in connection with the analysis of proposals submitted by corporate management, and others, to shareholders for approval, and properly executes and delivers proxy ballots in connection therewith.
As long as there is no provision to the contrary in the charter, by-laws, trust agreement, plan documents, partnership agreement or other controlling documents which create the legal entity with which Riverbridge Partners is dealing, the power to vote on proposals presented to shareholders through the proxy solicitation process will be considered by us to be an integral part of our investment responsibility, recognizing that certain proposals, if implemented, may have a substantial impact on the market valuation of portfolio securities. Unless otherwise specifically provided in the agreement between the client and Riverbridge, we will be responsible for evaluating and voting on all proposals.
The quality and depth of a Company’s management team, as well as alignment between the management team and Riverbridge’s investment philosophy, are a primary focus of the investment due diligence process. Therefore, the recommendations of a management team will be given substantial weight. Although proxies with respect to most issues are voted in line with management recommendations, Riverbridge will not automatically vote in favor of management. Riverbridge will not support proxy proposals or positions that are thought to not be in the best interest of the client; meaning aimed at long-term value creation.
Election of Directors
Proxies will typically be voted for a management proposed slate of directors. Riverbridge may vote against directors due to factors such as poor attendance history, lack of independence, inside director committee participation, perceived conflicts of interest or support of anti-takeover actions without shareholder approval.
Riverbridge defines an independent director to have no material relationship with the Company other than his or her directorship. No director should serve as a consultant or service provider to the Company. Proxies will typically be voted in support of the following principles: two-thirds majority of the board be comprised of independent directors and audit, compensation, nomination, corporate governance, and compliance committees comprised solely of independent board members.
| c) | Separation of the roles of Chairman and CEO |
Recommendations to separate the roles of Chairman and CEO are evaluated on a case-by-case basis as Riverbridge believes that a one size fits all approach is not in the best interest of shareholders. In the absence of an independent chairman, Riverbridge supports the appointment of a lead director with authority to conduct sessions outside the presence of the insider chairman.
Executive Compensation
Riverbridge takes a long-term approach in evaluating executive compensation plans and the performance of the compensation committee. Therefore, the underlying fundamental performance of the Company, will be given substantial weight in ‘say-on-pay’ votes and voting on nominees serving on the Company’s compensation committee. Riverbridge generally does not support executive compensation evaluation methods that weight heavily the performance of a security over relatively short periods of time. As a consistent feedback mechanism, Riverbridge generally supports annual “say-on-pay” voting frequency.
In cases in which the Company has engaged in what we judge to be unsatisfactory compensation practices, we may vote against nomination of members of the Company’s compensation committee, its entire board of directors and/or its chief executive officer. Examples of compensation practices generally considered unsatisfactory include but are not limited to: practices commonly referred to as “options backdating,” stock option grants at less than fair market value, exchange of underwater stock options, pyramiding of stock options, “pay-for-failure” executive severance provisions, change-in-control payments which are either excessive or which are not tied to loss of job or significant reduction in duties, excessive executive perquisites, and unjustified changes in the performance metrics applied to performance-based compensation.
Ratification of Independent Auditors
Management recommendations regarding selection of an auditor are generally supported; however, Riverbridge will not support the ratification of an auditor when there is a lack of independence, accounting irregularity, or negligence by the auditor. Reasons Riverbridge may vote against an auditor appointment include but are not limited to: auditor has a financial interest in or association with the Company that suggest the auditor is therefore not independent, auditor bears responsibility for a restatement by the Company, auditor support of aggressive accounting policies, there is reason to believe that the auditor has rendered an opinion which is neither accurate nor indicative of the Company's financial position, when a Company changes auditors as a result of a material disagreement between the Company and the auditor regarding accounting principles or disclosures.
Shareholder rights
Riverbridge will generally not favor proposals which are designed to make it difficult for a Company to be acquired or which tend to entrench current management at the expense of securities holders. Therefore, we will generally be expected to vote against proposals approving classified boards of directors, blank check preferred stock, unequal voting rights plans, elimination of shareholder action by written consent, and unreasonable restrictions on shareholders’ rights to hold special meetings.
Changes in Capital Structure or State of Incorporation
Proposals to increase the number of authorized shares will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. In general, Riverbridge supports the authorization of additional common shares. Factors evaluated include specified purpose of the proposed increase, explanation of risks to shareholders of failing to approve the request, assessment of potential dilution, recent track record for using authorized shares, and overall corporate governance track record. Riverbridge will generally vote against reincorporation where the financial benefits are minimal and there is a dilution of shareholder rights.
Mergers and Acquisitions, Corporate Restructuring
Merger and Acquisition proposals will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, considering factors such as projected financial and operating benefits, offer price, prospects of the combined companies, negotiation process, and changes in corporate governance. Corporate restructuring in the form of leveraged buyouts, spin-offs, liquidations, and asset sales will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Issues
Riverbridge views strong environmental, social and governance practices as crucial input to long-term value creation. In most, if not all cases, this will mean that the proposals which maximize the value of portfolio securities over the long term will be approved with consideration for the ESG issues that aid in this objective.
Riverbridge believes policy decisions are typically better left to management and the board and will evaluate shareholder proposals regarding ESG issues on a case-by-case basis. Riverbridge will generally vote consistent with management’s recommendation on such proposals. Examples where Riverbridge may vote otherwise include a reasonable proposal with a clear and direct positive financial effect on shareholder value that would not be burdensome or impose unnecessary or excessive costs on the issuer, and a reasonable proposal that mitigates significant risk to long-term shareholders stemming from governance practices, environmental regulation, or legal or reputational issues.
While Riverbridge views strong ESG practices as crucial input to long-term value creation, we recognize that some clients may approach these issues from a different perspective. As such, rather than having Riverbridge vote on behalf of the client, a client may retain the right to vote their own proxies.
Riverbridge utilizes the services of Broadridge ProxyEdge and also Egan-Jones, a proxy research firm. Securities in client accounts will be voted based on recommendations received by the proxy research firm. Their recommendations will be based on the proxy voting guidelines of Riverbridge Partners. Riverbridge retains the ultimate authority in voting the proxies in client accounts; therefore, Riverbridge may override the recommendation by the proxy research firm when casting votes.
In the rare case that Riverbridge Partners may face a conflict of interest (such as voting on a security held in a company where we also manage that company’s pension assets), we will vote solely in the interest of maximizing portfolio assets over the long term. If a conflict occurs, Riverbridge will use an independent third party to recommend how the proxy involving the conflict should be voted.
INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Trust”) is registered as an open-end investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”). The Trust offers multiple series (each, a “Fund” and, collectively, the “Fund”). Consistent with its fiduciary duties and pursuant to Rule 30b1-4 under the 1940 Act (the “Proxy Rule”), the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) has adopted this proxy voting policy on behalf of the Trust (the “Policy”) to reflect its commitment to ensure that proxies are voted in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Fund’ shareholders.
Delegation of Proxy Voting Authority to Fund Advisors
The Board believes that the investment advisor of each Fund (each, an “Advisor” and, collectively, the “Advisors”), as the entity that selects the individual securities that comprise its Fund’s portfolio, is the most knowledgeable and best-suited to make decisions on how to vote proxies of portfolio companies held by that Fund. The Trust will therefore defer to, and rely on, the Advisor of each Fund to make decisions on how to cast proxy votes on behalf of such Fund. An Advisor may delegate this responsibility to a Fund’s Sub-Advisor(s).
The Trust hereby designates the Advisor of each Fund as the entity responsible for exercising proxy voting authority with regard to securities held in the Fund’s investment portfolio. Consistent with its duties under this Policy, each Advisor shall monitor and review corporate transactions of corporations in which the Fund has invested, obtain all information sufficient to allow an informed vote on all proxy solicitations, ensure that all proxy votes are cast in a timely fashion, and maintain all records required to be maintained by the Fund under the Proxy Rule and the 1940 Act. Each Advisor will perform these duties in accordance with the Advisor’s proxy voting policy, a copy of which will be presented to the Board for its review. Each Advisor will promptly provide to the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) updates to its proxy voting policy as they are adopted and implemented, and the Trust’s CCO will then report such updates to the Board.
Availability of Proxy Voting Policy and Records Available to Fund Shareholders
If a Fund or an Advisor has a website, a copy of the Advisor’s proxy voting policy and this Policy may be posted on such website. A copy of such policies and of each Fund’s proxy voting record shall also be made available, without charge, upon request of any shareholder of the Fund, by calling the applicable Fund’s toll-free telephone number as printed in the Fund’s prospectus. The Trust’s transfer agent will notify the Advisor of any such request of proxy voting procedures. The Advisor shall reply to any Fund shareholder request within three (3) business days of receipt of the request, by first-class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery.
Each Advisor will provide a complete annual voting record, as required by the Proxy Rule, for each series of the Trust for which it acts as advisor, to the Trust’s co-administrator no later than July 31st of each year. The Trust’s co-administrator, MFAC, will file a report based on such record on Form N-PX on an annual basis with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than August 31st of each year.
Each Advisor is responsible for providing its current proxy voting policies and procedures and any subsequent amendments to the Trust’s CCO. SEC Form N-PX is filed with respect to each Fund by MFAC (acting as filing agent), by no later than August 31st of each year. Each such filing details all proxies voted on behalf of the Fund for the prior twelve months ended June 30th. In connection with each filing on behalf of the Fund, the Advisor’s CCO must sign and return to MFAC no later than July 30th a Form N-PX Certification stating that the Advisor has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures in compliance with the SEC’s Proxy Voting Rule.
APPENDIX “C”
Supplemental Financial Information
A table showing the fees of the Acquiring Fund and the Acquired Fund, and the fees and expenses of the Acquiring Fund on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the proposed Reorganization, is included in the “Comparison Fee Tables and Examples” section of the Proxy Statement.
The Reorganization will not result in a material change to the Acquired Fund’s investment portfolio due to the investment restrictions of the Acquiring Fund. In particular, each security held by the Acquired Fund is eligible to be held by the Acquiring Fund. As a result, a schedule of investments of the Acquired Fund modified to show the effects of the change is not required and is not included.
There are no material differences in accounting policies of the Acquired Fund as compared to those of the Acquiring Fund.
PART C
Pursuant to Del. Code Ann. Title 12 Section 3817, a Delaware statutory trust may provide in its governing instrument for the indemnification of its officers and Trustees from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever.
Reference is made to Article 8, Section 8.4 of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Registrant” or the “Trust”), which provides:
Subject to the limitations, if applicable, hereinafter set forth in this Section 8.4, the Trust shall indemnify (from the assets of the Series or Series to which the conduct in question relates) each of its Trustees, officers, employees and agents (including Persons who serve at the Trust’s request as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (hereinafter, together with such Person’s heirs, executors, administrators or personal representative, referred to as a “Covered Person”)) against all liabilities, including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and expenses, including reasonable accountants’ and counsel fees, incurred by any Covered Person in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such Covered Person may be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of being or having been such a Trustee or officer, director or trustee, except with respect to any matter as to which it has been determined that such Covered Person (i) did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered Person’s action was in or not opposed to the best interests of the Trust; (ii) had acted with willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person’s office (iii) for a criminal proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful (the conduct described in (i), (ii) and (iii) being referred to hereafter as “Disabling Conduct”). A determination that the Covered Person is entitled to indemnification may be made by (i) a final decision on the merits by a court or other body before whom the proceeding was brought that the Covered Person to be indemnified was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct, (ii) dismissal of a court action or an administrative proceeding against a Covered Person for insufficiency of evidence of Disabling Conduct, or (iii) a reasonable determination, based upon a review of the facts, that the indemnity was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct by (a) a vote of a majority of a quorum of Trustees who are neither “interested persons” of the Trust as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) nor parties to the proceeding (the “Disinterested Trustees”), or (b) an independent legal counsel in a written opinion. Expenses, including accountants' and counsel fees so incurred by any such Covered Person (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties), may be paid from time to time by one or more Series to which the conduct in question related in advance of the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding; provided that the Covered Person shall have undertaken to repay the amounts so paid to such Series if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under this Article 8 and (i) the Covered Person shall have provided security for such undertaking, (ii) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (iii) a majority of a quorum of the disinterested Trustees, or an independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall have determined, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the Covered Person ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) may be permitted to Trustees, officers and controlling persons of Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission the (“SEC”) such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a Trustee, officer or controlling person of Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such Trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement between the Trust and IMST Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), the Trust has agreed to indemnify, defend and hold the Distributor, and each of its present or former directors, members, officers, employees, representatives and any person who controls or previously controlled the Distributor within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act (“Distributor Indemnitees”), free and harmless (a) from and against any and all losses, claims, demands, liabilities, damages, charges, payments, costs and expenses (including the costs of investigating or defending any alleged losses, claims, demands, liabilities, damages, charges, payments, costs or expenses and any counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) of any and every nature (“Losses”) which the Distributor and/or each of the Distributor Indemnitees may incur under the Securities Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, any other statute (including Blue Sky laws) or any rule or regulation thereunder, or under common law or otherwise, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement, or alleged untrue statement, of a material fact contained in the registration statement or any prospectus, an annual or interim report to shareholders or sales literature, or any amendments or supplements thereto, or arising out of or based upon any omission, or alleged omission, to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that the Trust’s obligation to indemnify the Distributor and any of the Distributor Indemnitees shall not be deemed to cover any Losses arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made therein in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Distributor and furnished to the Trust or its counsel by the Distributor in writing for the purpose of, and used in, the preparation thereof; (b) from and against any and all Losses which the Distributor and/or each of the Distributor Indemnitees may incur in connection with the Distribution Agreement or the Distributor’s performance hereunder, except to the extent the Losses result from the Distributor’s willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Distribution Agreement, (c) from and against any and all Losses which the Distributor and/or each of the Distributor Indemnitees may incur resulting from the actions or inactions of any prior service provider to the Trust or any Funds in existence prior to, and added to Schedule A after, the date of the Distribution Agreement, or (d) from and against any and all Losses which the Distributor and/or each of the Distributor Indemnitees may incur when acting in accordance with instructions from the Trust or its representatives; and provided further that to the extent this agreement of indemnity may require indemnity of any Distributor Indemnitee who is also a trustee or officer of the Trust, no such indemnity shall inure to the benefit of such trustee or officer if to do so would be against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act or the 1940 Act.
| 4) | Agreement and Plan of Reorganization: |
| a. | Form of Agreement and Plan of Reorganization is filed as Appendix A to Part A of this Registration Statement on Form N-14. |
| 6) | Investment Management Agreements: |
| 7) | Distribution Agreements: |
| 10) | Distribution Plan and Rule 18f-3 Plan: |
| 13) | Other Material Contracts: |
| 1. | The undersigned registrant agrees that prior to any public reoffering of the securities registered through the use of a prospectus which is a part of the registration statement by any person or party who is deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Rule 145(c) of the Securities Act, the reoffering prospectus will contain the information called for by the applicable registration form for reofferings by persons who may be deemed underwriters, in addition to the information called for by the other items of the applicable form. |
| 2. | The undersigned registrant agrees that every prospectus that is filed under paragraph (1) above will be filed as a part of an amendment to the registration statement and will not be used until the amendment is effective, and that, in determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement for the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering of them. |
| 3. | The undersigned registrant undertakes to file an opinion of counsel supporting the tax consequences to shareholders discussed in the combined proxy statement and prospectus in a post-effective amendment to this registration statement. |
SIGNATURES
As required by the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed on behalf of the Registrant, duly authorized, in the City of Milwaukee, and State of Wisconsin, on the 23rd day of December 2020.
| INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST | |
| | | |
| By: | /s/ Maureen Quill | |
| | Maureen Quill | |
| | President & Principal Executive Officer | |
As required by the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | | Title |
/s/ Ashley Toomey Rabun† | | |
Ashley Toomey Rabun | | Trustee |
/s/ William H. Young† | | |
William H. Young | | Trustee |
/s/ Charles H. Miller† | | |
Charles H. Miller | | Trustee |
/s/ John P. Zader† | | |
John P. Zader | | Trustee |
/s/ Eric M. Banhazl† | | |
Eric M. Banhazl /s/ Maureen Quill | | Trustee |
Maureen Quill | | Trustee, President & Principal Executive Officer |
/s/ Rita Dam | | |
Rita Dam | | Treasurer & Principal Financial Officer |
| | |
† By | /s/ Rita Dam | | |
Attorney-in-fact, pursuant to power of attorney.
Exhibit Index