Employee Benefits | Employee Benefits (a) Pension Plans. U.S. Retirement Benefit Plan. We have two U.S. noncontributory defined benefit pension plans (“U.S. Pension Plans”). Our Polymer segment U.S. Pension Plans covers all salaried and hourly wage employees in the U.S. who were employed by us on or before December 31, 2005. Employees who began their employment with us after December 31, 2005 are not covered by our Pension Plans. The benefits under the Pension Plans are based primarily on years of service and employees’ pay near retirement. For our employees who were employed as of March 1, 2001 and who: (1) were previously employed by Shell Chemicals; and (2) elected to transfer their pension assets to us, we consider the total combined Shell Chemicals and Kraton service when calculating the employee’s pension benefit. For those employees who: (1) elected to retire from Shell Chemicals; or (2) elected not to transfer their pension benefit, only Kraton service (since March 1, 2001) is considered when calculating benefits. Our Chemical segment U.S. Pension Plans cover all U.S. employees hired prior to July 2004 and certain retirees of the Company participate in International Paper’s defined benefit pension plans. International Paper remains responsible for all benefits related to years of service prior to December 31, 2007. The Company implemented its own defined benefit pension plan for then eligible U.S. employees on March 1, 2007. Based on the funded status and a related change in accrued pension obligations we reported a decrease in our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) of approximately $0.1 million and $1.6 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Non-U.S. Retirement Benefit Plan. The Company sponsors defined benefit pension and retirement plans (“non-U.S. Pension Plans”) in certain foreign subsidiaries. Generally, the Company’s non-U.S. Pension Plans are funded using the projected benefit as a target in countries where funding of benefit plans is required. Based on the funded status and a related change in accrued pension obligations we reported an increase in our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) of approximately $9.1 million and a decrease of $5.6 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. The 2019 measurement date of the Pension Plan’s assets and obligations was December 31, 2019 . Information concerning the pension obligation, plan assets, amounts recognized in our financial statements, and underlying actuarial and other assumptions are as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans December 31, December 31, 2019 2018 2019 2018 (In thousands) Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of period $ 177,589 $ 189,151 $ 81,108 $ 94,205 Service cost 2,671 3,221 1,491 2,504 Interest cost 7,781 7,200 2,112 2,073 Participant contributions — — 215 180 Benefits paid (7,354 ) (6,588 ) (3,577 ) (4,248 ) Expenses and taxes — — — — Plan amendments (12,507 ) — (321 ) 625 Settlements — — (400 ) — Actuarial (gain) loss 26,717 (15,395 ) 13,070 (9,641 ) Exchange rate (gain) loss — — 1,567 (4,590 ) Benefit obligation at end of period 194,897 177,589 95,265 81,108 Change in plan assets: Fair value at beginning of period 110,899 121,831 45,024 48,401 Return on plan assets 20,849 (11,801 ) 5,926 (2,150 ) Employer contributions 7,586 7,457 4,067 5,385 Participant contributions — — 215 180 Benefits paid (7,354 ) (6,588 ) (3,577 ) (4,248 ) Expenses and taxes — — — — Settlements — — (400 ) — Exchange rate (gain) loss — — 1,425 (2,544 ) Fair value at end of period 131,980 110,899 52,680 45,024 Funded status at end of period $ (62,917 ) $ (66,690 ) $ (42,585 ) $ (36,084 ) Amounts recognized on balance sheet: Current liabilities $ — $ — $ (2,323 ) $ (2,123 ) Noncurrent liabilities (62,917 ) (66,690 ) (40,262 ) (33,961 ) $ (62,917 ) $ (66,690 ) $ (42,585 ) $ (36,084 ) Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss: Prior service costs $ — $ — $ 573 $ 919 Net actuarial loss 58,505 58,567 20,495 11,014 Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss $ 58,505 $ 58,567 $ 21,068 $ 11,933 Accumulated benefit obligations $ 194,887 $ 167,678 $ 91,152 $ 77,638 During the fourth quarter of 2019 (the effective date), we amended our Polymer segment U.S. Pension Plan, eliminating future participant benefit accruals after January 31, 2020, which resulted in a pension curtailment and remeasurement as of the effective date. This plan amendment resulted in a $12.5 million reduction in pension liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2019. During the third quarter of 2019, we amended our Japan pension plan, which resulted in a pension curtailment. This plan amendment resulted in a $0.3 million reduction in pension liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2019. Estimated Future Cash Flows. The following employer contributions and benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans (In thousands) Employer Contributions 2020 Employer contribution $ 9,625 $ 3,802 Benefit Payments 2020 $ 7,751 $ 3,819 2021 8,040 3,516 2022 8,409 3,654 2023 8,752 3,924 2024 9,062 3,865 Years 2024-2028 50,212 21,123 $ 92,226 $ 39,901 Net Periodic Pension Costs. Net periodic pension costs consist of the following components: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 2019 2018 2017 (In thousands) Service cost benefits earned during the period $ 2,671 $ 3,221 $ 3,191 $ 1,491 $ 2,504 $ 2,749 Interest on prior year’s projected benefit obligation 7,781 7,200 7,330 2,112 2,073 2,195 Expected return on plan assets (10,065 ) (9,808 ) (9,401 ) (2,520 ) (2,685 ) (2,575 ) One-time settlement costs — — — 56 — 45 Amortization of prior service costs — — — 34 13 11 Amortization of net actuarial loss 3,487 4,650 3,622 419 645 165 Net periodic pension costs $ 3,874 $ 5,263 $ 4,742 $ 1,592 $ 2,550 $ 2,590 The estimated losses that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net periodic benefit cost in fiscal 2020 are as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans (In thousands) Amortization of prior service costs $ — $ 17 Amortization of net actuarial loss 1,600 1,011 $ 1,600 $ 1,028 Significant Assumptions. Discount rates are determined annually and are based on rates of return of high-quality long-term fixed income securities currently available and expected to be available during the maturity of the pension benefits. U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans December 31, December 31, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations: Discount rate 3.45 % 4.45 % 1.79 % 2.63 % Rates of increase in salary compensation level 3.00 % 3.00 % 2.96 % 2.98 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 7.00 % 8.00 % 5.24 % 5.49 % Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost: Discount rate 4.45 % 3.86 % 2.63 % 2.29 % Rates of increase in salary compensation level 3.00 % 3.00 % 2.98 % 3.15 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 8.00 % 8.00 % 5.49 % 5.49 % Our management relied in part on actuarial studies in establishing the expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption. The studies include a review of anticipated future long-term performance of individual asset classes and consideration of the appropriate asset allocation strategy given the anticipated requirements of the Pension Plans to determine the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested to provide for the Pension Plans' benefits. While the studies give appropriate consideration to recent fund performance and historical returns, the assumption is primarily a long-term, prospective rate. Based on our most recent study, the expected long-term return assumption for our U.S. Pension Plans effective for 2020 will be 7.0% and 5.2% for our non-U.S. Pension Plans. Based on the U.S. Pension Plan’s current target asset allocation, the median estimate for future asset returns (before non-investment expenses) was 8.5% . The asset return assumption set for determining the 2019 FASB ASC 715 expense was 8.0% , after non-investment expenses paid by the Trust. For the past three years, non-investment related expenses have averaged 0.5% . Therefore, the 8.0% return after non-investment expenses assumption is equivalent to a gross assumption of 8.5% ( 8.0% + 0.5% ). An 8.5% rate (before non-investment expenses) falls within an acceptable range of simulated asset returns, between the 40th and 60th percentile. Pension Plan Assets. We maintain target allocation percentages among various asset classes based on an investment policy established for our Pension Plans. The target allocation is designed to achieve long term objectives of return, while mitigating downside risk and considering expected cash flows. Our investment policy is reviewed from time to time to ensure consistency with our long term objective. Our Pension Plan asset allocations at December 31, 2019 and 2018 by asset category are as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans Target Allocation Percentage of Plan Target Allocation Percentage of Plan 2019 2019 2018 2019 2019 2018 Equity 50.0 % 68.1 % 59.5 % 50.0 % 42.1 % 46.9 % Debt 30.0 31.9 40.0 50.0 53.7 48.4 Other 20.0 — 0.5 — 4.2 4.7 Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % No pension assets were invested in debt or equity securities of Kraton at December 31, 2019 or 2018 . The inputs and methodology used for valuing securities are not an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities. The following is a description of the primary valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value: • Common/Collective Trust Funds: Valued at the net asset value per unit held at year end as quoted by the funds. • Mutual Funds, Real Estate Funds, and Other Funds: Valued at the net asset value of shares held at year end as quoted in the active market. • Insurance contracts for purposes of funding pension benefits. A summary of total investments for our pension plan assets measured at fair value is presented below. See Note 9 Fair Value Measurements, Financial Instruments, and Credit Risk to the consolidated financial statements for a detailed description of fair value measurements and the hierarchy established for Level 1, 2, and 3 valuation inputs. Pension Plan Assets Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019 Total Quoted Prices In Active Markets Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) (1) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (In thousands) Equity $ 112,094 $ 56,220 $ 55,874 $ — Debt 70,358 12,745 57,613 — Other 2,208 963 944 301 Total $ 184,660 $ 69,928 $ 114,431 $ 301 ___________________________________________ (1) Included are plan assets valued using the net asset value practical expedient of $63.0 million . Pension Plan Assets Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018 Total Quoted Prices In Active Markets Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) (1) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (In thousands) Equity $ 87,159 $ 43,867 $ 43,292 $ — Debt 66,098 19,344 46,754 — Other 2,666 2,412 — 254 Total $ 155,923 $ 65,623 $ 90,046 $ 254 ___________________________________________ (1) Included are plan assets valued using the net asset value practical expedient of $47.1 million . (b) Other Retirement Benefit Plans. Certain employees were eligible to participate in non-qualified defined benefit restoration plans (“BRP”), which were intended to restore certain benefits under the Pension Plan in the U.S. and the Kraton Savings Plan in the U.S., that would otherwise be lost due to certain limitations imposed by law on tax-qualified plans. (c) Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions. Health and welfare benefits are provided to benefit eligible employees in the U.S. who retire from Kraton and were employed by us prior to January 1, 2006. Retirees under the age of 65 are eligible for the same medical, dental, and vision plans as active employees, but with an annual cap on premiums that vary based on years of service and ranges from $7,000 to $10,000 per employee. Our subsidy schedule for medical plans is based on accredited service at retirement. Retirees are responsible for the full cost of premiums for postretirement dental and vision coverage. In general, the plans stipulate that health and welfare benefits are paid as covered expenses as incurred. We accrue the cost of these benefits during the period in which the employee renders the necessary service. Employees who were retirement eligible as of February 28, 2001, have the option to participate in either Shell Chemicals' or Kraton's postretirement health and welfare plans. ASC 715, “Compensation-Retirement Benefits,” requires that we measure the plans’ assets and obligations that determine our funded status at the end of each fiscal year. The 2019 measurement date of the plans’ assets and obligations was December 31, 2019 . We are also required to recognize as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) the changes in funded status that occurred during the year that are not recognized as part of new periodic benefit cost. Based on the funded status of our postretirement benefit plan as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 , we reported an increase in our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) of approximately $3.1 million and a decrease of $12.8 million , respectively, and a related change in accrued pension obligations. Information concerning the plan obligation, the funded status and amounts recognized in our financial statements and underlying actuarial and other assumptions are as follows: December 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands) Change in benefit obligation (1) : Benefit obligation at beginning of period $ 22,824 $ 35,851 Service cost 290 490 Interest cost 941 1,224 Benefits and expenses paid (premiums) (2,055 ) (2,081 ) Actuarial (gain) loss 1,979 (1,076 ) Plan amendments — (11,584 ) Benefit obligation at end of period 23,979 22,824 Change in plan assets (2) : Fair value at beginning of period — — Employer contributions 2,055 2,081 Benefits paid (2,055 ) (2,081 ) Fair value at end of period — — Funded status at end of year $ (23,979 ) $ (22,824 ) ___________________________________________ (1) During the year ended December 31, 2018, we amended the post-retirement benefits plan for post-65 retirees to provide an annual subsidy based on years of service. The annual subsidy replaces a company-sponsored medical plan. This plan modification resulted in a $13.1 million reduction in pension and other post-retirement liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2018. (2) Shell Chemicals has committed to a future cash payment related to retiree medical expenses based on a specified dollar amount per employee, if certain contractual commitments are met. We have recorded an asset of approximately $5.7 million and $6.8 million as our estimate of the present value of this commitment as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. December 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands) Amounts recognized in the balance sheet: Current liabilities $ (1,446 ) $ (1,478 ) Noncurrent liabilities (22,533 ) (21,346 ) $ (23,979 ) $ (22,824 ) Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss: Prior service cost $ (9,254 ) $ (11,002 ) Net actuarial loss $ 9,833 $ 8,476 $ 579 $ (2,526 ) Estimated Future Cash Flows. The following employer contributions and benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid: Retiree Medical Plan (In thousands) Employer Contributions 2020 Employer contribution $ 1,470 Benefit Payments 2020 $ 1,470 2021 1,450 2022 1,430 2023 1,430 2024 1,430 Years 2024-2028 7,130 $ 14,340 Net periodic benefit costs consist of the following components: Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 (In thousands) Service cost $ 290 $ 490 $ 557 Interest cost 941 1,224 1,370 Amortization of prior service cost (1,747 ) (582 ) — Amortization of net actuarial loss 621 742 598 Net periodic benefit costs $ 105 $ 1,874 $ 2,525 December 31, 2019 2018 Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations: Measurement date 12/31/2019 12/31/2018 Discount rate 3.34 % 4.36 % Rates of increase in salary compensation level N/A N/A Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost: Discount rate 4.36 % 3.94 % Rates of increase in salary compensation level N/A N/A Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets N/A N/A December 31, 2019 2018 Assumed Pre-65 health care cost trend rates: Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year 7.50 % 8.00 % Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate) 4.50 % 4.50 % Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate 2026 2026 December 31, 2019 2018 Assumed Post-65 health care cost trend rates: Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year N/A N/A Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate) N/A N/A Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate N/A N/A Discount rates are determined annually and are based on rates of return of high-quality long-term fixed income securities currently available and expected to be available during the maturity of the postretirement benefit plan. Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care plans. A 1.0% change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effect (in thousands): 1% Increase 1% Decrease Effect on total of service and interest cost components $ 1 $ (3 ) Effect on postretirement benefit obligation $ 36 $ (48 ) (d) Kraton Savings Plan. The Kraton Savings Plan, as adopted on March 1, 2001, covers substantially all U.S. employees, including executive officers. Through automatic payroll deduction, participants have the option to defer up to 60% of eligible earnings in any combination of pre-tax and/or post-tax contributions, subject to annual dollar limitations set forth in the Internal Revenue Code. Under this plan, we have two types of employer contributions: (1) We make standard matching contributions of 50.0% of the first 6.0% contributed by the employee from start of employment and we make matching contributions of 100.0% of the first 6.0% contributed by the employee after completing five years of service. (2) We make enhanced employer contributions of 4.0% for all employees. For our employees who were employed as of February 28, 2001, and who were previously employed by Shell Chemicals, we recognize their Shell Chemicals years of service for purposes of determining employer contributions under our Plan. Our contributions to the plan for the years ended December 31, 2019 , 2018 , and 2017 , were $9.7 million , $9.2 million , and $8.5 million , respectively. |