Investments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments | 3. Investments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments Marketable Investments The Company’s marketable investments have been classified and accounted for as available-for-sale. The following table presents the Company’s marketable investments as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Securities with net gains or losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Allowance Fair Value U.S. treasury $ 11,987 $ — $ (321) $ — $ 11,666 U.S. agency and government sponsored securities 6,998 — (102) — 6,896 U.S. states and municipalities 13,355 — (358) — 12,997 Corporate bonds 74,710 — (1,860) — 72,850 Total $ 107,050 $ — $ (2,641) $ — $ 104,409 December 31, 2022 Securities with net gains or losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Allowance Fair Value U.S. treasury $ 14,482 $ — $ (478) $ — $ 14,004 U.S. agency and government sponsored securities 6,999 — (176) — 6,823 U.S. states and municipalities 23,460 — (501) — 22,959 Corporate bonds 76,731 — (2,345) — 74,386 Total $ 121,672 $ — $ (3,500) $ — $ 118,172 As of March 31, 2023, the total amortized cost basis of the Company’s available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position exceeded its fair value by $2.6 million, which was primarily attributable to widening credit spreads and rising interest rates since purchase. The Company reviewed its available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position and concluded that the decline in fair value was not related to credit losses and is recoverable. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, no allowance for credit losses was recorded and instead the unrealized losses are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The following tables present the gross unrealized losses and the fair value for those marketable investments that were in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months or for twelve months or more as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses U.S. treasury $ — $ — $ 11,666 $ (321) $ 11,666 $ (321) U.S. agency and government sponsored securities — — 6,896 (102) 6,896 (102) U.S. states and municipalities — — 12,997 (358) 12,997 (358) Corporate bonds 10,812 (77) 62,038 (1,783) 72,850 (1,860) Total $ 10,812 $ (77) $ 93,597 $ (2,564) $ 104,409 $ (2,641) December 31, 2022 Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses U.S. treasury — — 14,004 (478) 14,004 (478) U.S. agency and government sponsored securities — — 6,823 (176) 6,823 (176) U.S. states and municipalities 4,567 (68) 13,772 (433) 18,339 (501) Corporate bonds 15,327 (101) 59,059 (2,244) 74,386 (2,345) Total $ 19,894 $ (169) $ 93,658 $ (3,331) $ 113,552 $ (3,500) The following table presents the contractual maturities of the Company’s marketable investments as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Amortized Cost Fair Value Due in less than one year $ 66,527 $ 65,133 Due in one to five years 40,523 39,276 Total $ 107,050 $ 104,409 Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance establishes a three-tiered hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value: Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company classifies its cash equivalents and marketable investments within Level 1 and Level 2, as it uses quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs. The Company determined the fair value of its Level 1 financial instruments, which are traded in active markets, using quoted market prices for identical instruments. Marketable investments classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are valued based on other observable inputs, including broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources. When quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are not available, the Company relies on non-binding quotes from its investment managers, which are based on proprietary valuation models of independent pricing services. These models generally use inputs such as observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, historical pricing trends of a security as relative to its peers. To validate the fair value determination provided by its investment managers, the Company reviews the pricing movement in the context of overall market trends and trading information from its investment managers. In addition, the Company assesses the inputs and methods used in determining the fair value in order to determine the classification of securities in the fair value hierarchy. The Company did not hold any Level 3 marketable investments as of March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Additionally, the Company did not have any financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. The following tables set forth the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): As of March 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair Value Financial Assets Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 32,384 $ — $ — $ 32,384 Marketable investments: U.S. treasury 11,666 — — 11,666 U.S. agency and government sponsored securities — 6,896 — 6,896 U.S. states and municipalities — 12,997 — 12,997 Corporate bonds — 72,850 — 72,850 Total $ 44,050 $ 92,743 $ — $ 136,793 As of December 31, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair Value Financial Assets Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 21,521 $ — $ — $ 21,521 Marketable investments: U.S. treasury 14,004 — — 14,004 U.S. agency and government sponsored securities — 6,823 — 6,823 U.S. states and municipalities — 22,959 — 22,959 Corporate bonds — 74,386 — 74,386 Total $ 35,525 $ 104,168 $ — $ 139,693 |