Financial instruments [Text Block] | 26. Financial instruments (a) Fair value and carrying value of financial instruments: The following presents the fair value ("FV") and carrying value ("CV") of the Group's financial instruments and non-financial derivatives: Dec. 31, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016 Recurring measurements FV CV FV CV Loans and receivables Cash and cash equivalents 1 $ 356,499 $ 356,499 $ 146,864 $ 146,864 Restricted cash 1 206 206 17,148 17,148 Trade and other receivables 1, 2 142,199 142,199 116,445 116,445 Fair value through profit or loss Trade and other receivables - embedded derivatives 3 17,427 17,427 12,538 12,538 Non-hedge derivative assets 3 2,841 2,841 3,397 3,397 Prepayment option - embedded derivative 7 3,980 3,980 4,430 4,430 Investments at FVTPL 4 282 282 192 192 Available-for-sale investments 4 21,973 21,973 13,508 13,508 Total financial assets 545,407 545,407 314,522 314,522 Financial liabilities at amortized cost Trade and other payables 1, 2 192,448 192,448 163,027 163,027 Finance leases 84,573 84,573 12,932 12,932 Other financial liabilities 5 19,625 22,568 17,231 22,998 Senior unsecured notes 6 1,082,740 991,883 1,040,178 991,004 Equipment finance facility 8 - - 50,267 50,267 Senior secured revolving credit facilities 8 - - 202,075 202,075 Unamortized transaction costs 8 (8,328 ) (8,328 ) (6,752 ) (6,752 ) Fair value through profit or loss Embedded derivatives 3 1,533 1,533 86 86 Warrant liabilities 3 6,961 6,961 7,588 7,588 Option liabilities 3 732 732 570 570 Non-hedge derivative liabilities 1,3 16,140 16,140 10,682 10,682 Total financial liabilities 1,396,424 1,308,510 1,497,884 1,454,477 Net financial liability $ (851,017 ) $ (763,103 ) $ (1,183,362 ) $ (1,139,955 ) 1 Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade and other receivables and trade and other payables are recorded at carrying value, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature and generally negligible credit losses. 2 Excludes embedded provisional pricing derivatives, as well as tax and other statutory amounts. 3 Derivatives and embedded provisional pricing derivatives are carried at their fair value, which is determined based on internal valuation models that reflect observable forward market commodity prices, currency exchange rates, and discount factors based on market US dollar interest rates adjusted for credit risk. For the warrant and option liabilities, fair value is determined based on quoted market closing price or the Black-Scholes model. 4 Available-for-sale investments are carried at their fair value, which is determined using quoted market bid prices in active markets for listed shares and determined using valuation models for shares of private companies. Investments at FVTPL consist of warrants to purchase listed shares, which are carried at fair value as determined using available market closing prices. 5 These financial liabilities relate to agreements with communities near the Constancia operation in Peru which allow Hudbay to extract minerals over the useful life of the Constancia operation, carry out exploration and evaluation activities in the area and provide Hudbay with community support to operate in the region. Fair values have been determined using a discounted cash flow analysis based on expected cash flows and a credit adjusted discount rate. 6 Fair value of the senior unsecured notes (note 16) has been determined using the quoted market price at the period end. 7 Fair value of the prepayment option embedded derivative related to the long-term debt has been determined using a binomial tree/lattice approach based on the Hull-White single factor interest rate term structure model. 8 The carrying value of the facilities approximates the fair value as the facilities are based on floating interest rates. Fair value hierarchy The table below provides an analysis by valuation method of financial instruments that are measured at fair value subsequent to recognition. Levels 1 to 3 are defined based on the degree to which fair value inputs are observable and have a significant effect on the recorded fair value, as follows: - Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; - Level 2: Valuation techniques use significant observable inputs, either directly or indirectly, or valuations are based on quoted prices for similar instruments; and - Level 3: Valuation techniques use significant inputs that are not based on observable market data. December 31, 2017 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial assets measured at fair value Financial assets at FVTPL: Embedded derivatives $ - $ 17,427 $ - $ 17,427 Non-hedge derivatives - 2,841 - 2,841 Investments at FVTPL - 282 - 282 Prepayment option embedded derivative - 3,980 - 3,980 Available-for-sale investments 21,973 - - 21,973 $ 21,973 $ 24,530 $ - $ 46,503 Financial liabilities measured at fair value Financial liabilities at FVTPL: Embedded derivatives $ - $ 1,533 $ - $ 1,533 Non-hedge derivatives - 16,140 - 16,140 Option liability - 732 - 732 Warrant liabilities 6,961 - - 6,961 $ 6,961 $ 18,405 $ - $ 25,366 December 31, 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial assets measured at fair value Financial assets at FVTPL: Embedded derivatives $ - $ 12,538 $ - $ 12,538 Non-hedge derivatives - 3,397 - 3,397 Investments at FVTPL - 192 - 192 Prepayment option embedded derivative - 4,430 - 4,430 Available-for-sale investments 12,018 - 1,490 13,508 $ 12,018 $ 20,557 $ 1,490 $ 34,065 Financial liabilities measured at fair value Financial liabilities at FVTPL: Embedded derivatives $ - $ 86 $ - $ 86 Non-hedge derivatives - 10,682 - 10,682 Option liability - 570 - 570 Warrant liabilities 7,588 - - 7,588 $ 7,588 $ 11,338 $ - $ 18,926 The Group's Level 3 investment relates to a minority investment in an unlisted junior mining company. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, the Group concluded that the value of the investment was unlikely to be recoverable and revalued the investment to zero. The Group’s policy is to recognize transfers into and transfers out of fair value hierarchy levels as of the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Group did not make any transfers. (b) Derivatives and hedging: Copper fixed for floating swaps Hudbay enters into copper fixed for floating swaps in order to manage the risk associated with provisional pricing terms in copper concentrate sales agreements. As at December 31, 2017, the Group had 34,500 tonnes of net copper swaps outstanding at an effective average price of $3.10 /lb and settling across January 2018 to April 2018. At December 31, 2016, the Group had 41,000 tonnes of copper fixed for floating swaps outstanding at an average fixed receivable price $2.42 /lb, which settled across February to June 2017. The aggregate fair value of the transactions at December 31, 2017 was a liability position of $13,786 (December 31, 2016 a liability position of $8,657). Non-hedge derivative gold and silver contracts From time to time, the Group enters into gold and silver forward sales contracts to hedge the commodity price risk associated with the future settlement of provisionally priced deliveries. At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Group held no gold or silver forward sales contracts. Non-hedge derivative zinc contracts Hudbay enters into fixed price sales contracts with zinc customers and, to ensure that the Group continues to receive a floating or unhedged realized zinc price, Hudbay enters into forward zinc purchase contracts that effectively offset the fixed price sales contracts. At December 31, 2017, the Group held contracts for forward zinc purchased of 2,808 tonnes (December 31, 2016 – 2,644 tonnes) that related to forward customer sales of zinc. Prices range from $2,534 to $3,292 per tonne (December 31, 2016 – $1,514 to $2,783) and settlement dates extend to December 2018. The aggregate fair value of the transactions at December 31, 2017 was a net asset position of $487 (December 31, 2016 – a net asset position of $1,373). (c) Embedded derivatives Provisional pricing embedded derivatives The Group records embedded derivatives related to provisional pricing in concentrate purchase, concentrate sale and certain other sale contracts. Under the terms of these contracts, prices are subject to final adjustment at the end of a future period after title transfers based on quoted market prices during the quotation period specified in the contract. The period between provisional pricing and final pricing is typically up to three months. Provisional pricing embedded derivatives are presented in trade and other receivables when they relate to sales contracts and in trade and other payables when they relate to purchase contracts. At each reporting date, provisionally priced metals are marked-to-market based on the forward market price for the quotation period stipulated in the contract, with changes in fair value recognized in revenue for sales contracts and in cost of sales for purchase concentrate contracts. Cash flows related to provisional pricing embedded derivatives are classified in operating activities. As at December 31, 2017, the Group’s net position consisted of contracts awaiting final pricing for sales of 38,027 tonnes of copper (December 31, 2016 – 32,750 tonnes). As of December 31, 2017, there are also 6,412 tonnes of zinc ((December 31, 2016 – nil tonnes) awaiting final pricing. In addition, at December 31, 2017, the Group’s net position consisted of contracts awaiting final pricing for sales of 24,553 ounces of gold and 172,886 ounces of silver (December 31, 2016 – 13,827 ounces of gold and 116,912 ounces of silver). As at December 31, 2017, the Group’s provisionally priced copper, zinc, gold and silver sales subject to final settlement were recorded at average prices of $3.29 /lb (December 31, 2016 – $2.51 /lb), $1.51 /oz (December 31, 2016 – nil contracts), $1,309 /oz (December 31, 2016 – $1,151 /oz) and $17.10 /oz (December 31, 2016 – $15.96 /oz), respectively. The aggregate fair value of the copper and zinc embedded derivatives within the copper and zinc concentrate sales contracts at December 31, 2017, was an asset position of $17,427 (December 31, 2016 – an asset position of $12,538). The aggregate fair value of other embedded derivatives at December 31, 2017, was a liability position of $1,533 (December 31, 2016 – a liability position of $86). Prepayment option embedded derivative The senior unsecured notes (note 16) contain prepayment options, which represent embedded derivatives that require bifurcation from the host contract. The prepayment options are measured at fair value, with changes in the fair value being recognized as unrealized gains or losses in finance income and expense (note 5f). The fair value of the embedded derivative at December 31, 2017 was an asset of $3,980 (December 31, 2016 - an asset of $4,430). (d) Restricted cash The South American business unit has $71,932 in letters of credit issued under the Peru facility to support its reclamation obligations. The Manitoba business unit has $56,633 in letters of credit issued under the Canada facility to support its reclamation and pension obligations. Given that these letters of credit are issued under the revolving credit facilities, no cash collateral is required to be posted. Hudbay currently has a restricted cash balance of $206, which consists of cash collateral posted to secure Hudbay Peru letters of credit issued to support certain financial obligations. (e) Warrants and option liabilities A total of 22,391,490 warrants were issued as a result of the acquisition of Hudbay Arizona which entitle the holder to acquire a common share of the Company at a price of C$15.00 per share on, but not prior to, July 20, 2018. The Company, may, at its option, upon written notice to the warrant holders, settle the exercise of warrants for the in-the-money value, in cash, shares or a combination thereof. The purchase price of the acquisition of New Britannia Mine and Mill contained an option (European) that pays the seller $5,000 if the price of gold is equal to or above $1,400 /oz on May 4, 2018. (f) Financial risk management The Group’s financial risk management activities are governed by Board-approved policies addressing risk identification, hedging authorization procedures and limits and reporting. Hudbay's policy objective, when hedging activities are undertaken, is to reduce the volatility of future profit and cash flow within the strategic and economic goals of the Group. The Group from time to time employs derivative financial instruments, including forward and option contracts, to manage risk originating from exposures to commodity price risk, foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk. Significant derivative transactions are approved by the Board of Directors, and hedge accounting is applied when certain criteria have been met. The Group does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculation purposes. The following is a discussion of the Group’s risk exposures. (i) Market risk Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, including foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates will cause fluctuations in the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument. Foreign currency risk The Group’s primary exposure to foreign currency risk arises from: - Translation of Canadian dollar denominated costs and, to a lesser extent, Peruvian soles cost into US dollars. Substantially all of the Group’s revenue are denominated in US dollars, while the majority of its operating costs are denominated in either the Canadian dollar or Peruvian sol. Generally, with gross profit, appreciation of the US dollar relative to the Canadian dollar will increase the Group’s profit. - Translation of foreign currency denominated cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables, as well as other financial liabilities. Appreciation of the US dollar relative to a foreign currency will decrease the net asset value of these balances once they have been translated to US dollars, resulting in foreign currency translation losses on foreign currency denominated assets and gains on foreign currency denominated liabilities. The Manitoba segment’s primary financial instrument foreign currency exposure is on US denominated cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables and other financial liabilities. The Peru segment’s primary financial instrument foreign currency exposure is on Peruvian soles cash and cash equivalents, trade and other payables and other financial liabilities. The Group’s exposure to foreign currency risk was as follows based on notional financial instruments amounts stated in US equivalent dollars: Dec. 31, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016 $ CAD 1 USD 2 PEN 3 CAD 1 USD 2 PEN 3 Cash and cash equivalents 9,518 $ 20,597 $ 3,692 4,759 $ 8,121 $ 3,440 Trade and other receivables 530 77,824 1,114 720 28,639 2,503 Other financial assets 22,255 - - 13,279 - - Trade and other payables (6,115 ) (9,687 ) (17,917 ) (20,014 ) (4,303 ) (17,145 ) Other financial liabilities (6,961 ) - (22,568 ) (7,588 ) - (22,998 ) $ 19,227 $ 88,734 $ (35,679 ) (8,844 ) $ 32,457 $ (34,200 ) 1 2 3 The following sensitivity analysis for foreign currency risk relates solely to financial instruments and non financial derivatives that were outstanding as at the year end date; each sensitivity calculation assumes all other variables are held constant. This analysis is based on values as at December 31, 2017 and does not reflect the overall effect that changes in market variables would have on the Group's results of operations. Would have changed Would have changed December 31, 2017 Change of: 2017 after-tax profit by: 2017 after-tax OCI by: USD/CAD exchange rate 1 + 10% $ 5.6 million $ (2.0) million USD/CAD exchange rate 1 - 10% (6.8) million 2.4 million USD/PEN exchange rate 2 + 10% 2.1 million - million USD/PEN exchange rate 2 - 10% (2.6) million - million Would have changed Would have changed December 31, 2016 Change of: 2016 after-tax profit by: 2016 after-tax OCI by: USD/CAD exchange rate 1 + 10% 3.9 million (1.2) million USD/CAD exchange rate 1 - 10% (4.9) million 1.5 million USD/PEN exchange rate 2 + 10% 2.0 million - million USD/PEN exchange rate 2 - 10% (2.5) million - million 1 2 Commodity price risk Hudbay is exposed to market risk from prices for the commodities the Group produces and sells, such as copper, zinc, gold and silver. From time to time, the Group maintains price protection programs and conducts commodity price risk management through the use of derivative contracts. The following sensitivity analysis for commodity price risk relates solely to financial instruments and non financial derivatives that were outstanding as at the year end date; each sensitivity calculation assumes all other variables are held constant, This analysis is based on values as at December 31, 2017 and does not reflect the overall effect that changes in market variables would have on the Groups’ results of operations. Would have changed Would have changed December 31, 2017 Change of: 2017 after-tax profit by: 2017 after-tax OCI by: Copper prices ($/lb) 3 + $0.30 $ (2.3) million $ - million Copper prices ($/lb) 3 - $0.30 2.3 million - million Zinc prices ($/lb) 4 + $0.10 0.9 million - million Zinc prices ($/lb) 4 - $0.10 (0.9) million - million Would have changed Would have changed December 31, 2016 Change of: 2016 after-tax profit by: 2016 after-tax OCI by: Copper prices ($/lb) 3 + $0.30 $ (4.8 ) million $ - million Copper prices ($/lb) 3 - $0.30 4.7 million - million Zinc prices ($/lb) 4 + $0.10 0.3 million - million Zinc prices ($/lb) 4 - $0.10 (0.3 ) million - million 3 4 Share price risk Hudbay is exposed to market risk from share prices for the Group’s investments in listed Canadian metals and mining companies. These investments are made to foster strategic relationships, in connection with joint venture agreements and for investment purposes. Management monitors the value of these investments for the purposes of determining whether to add or reduce the Group’s positions. The following sensitivity analysis for share price risk relates solely to financial instruments and non financial derivatives that were outstanding as at the year-end date; each sensitivity calculation assumes all other variables are held constant. This analysis is based on values as at December 31, 2017 and does not reflect the overall effect that changes in market variables would have on the Group’s finance expenses. Would have changed Would have changed December 31, 2017 Change of: 2017 after-tax profit by: 2017 after-tax OCI by: Share prices 5 + 25% $ - million $ 5.5 million Share prices 5 - 25% (1.9) million (3.6) million Would have changed Would have changed December 31, 2016 Change of: 2016 after-tax profit by: 2016 after-tax OCI by: Share prices 5 + 25% $ - million $ 4.5 million Share prices 5 - 25% (0.8) million (3.7) million 5 Interest rate risk The group is exposed to cash flow interest rate risk on its cash and cash equivalents, fair value interest rate risk on its embedded derivative associated with its Notes, and interest rate risk on its senior secured revolving credit facilities. This analysis is based on values at December 31, 2017 and does not reflect the overall effect that changes in market variables would have on the group’s finance expenses. Would have changed Would have changed December 31, 2017 Change of: 2017 after-tax profit by: 2017 after-tax OCI by: Interest rates + 2.00% $ 0.4 million $ - million Interest rates - 2.00% (2.8) million - million Would have changed Would have changed December 31, 2016 Change of: 2016 after-tax profit by: 2016 after-tax OCI by: Interest rates + 2.00% $ (5.0) million $ - million Interest rates - 2.00% 0.7 million - million At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the effect of interest rate changes on the Group's cash equivalents would not have resulted in a significant tax impact on profit. Refer to note 6 for information about the Group’s cash and cash equivalents. (ii) Credit risk Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its obligations. The Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is represented by the carrying amount, net of any impairment losses recognized, of financial assets and non financial derivative assets recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. Refer to note 26a. A large portion of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents are represented by deposits with major Schedule 1 Canadian banks. Deposits and other investments with Schedule 1 Canadian banks represented 97% of total cash and cash equivalents as at December 31, 2017 (2016 – 87%). The Group’s investment policy requires it to comply with a list of approved investment, concentration and maturity limits, as well as credit quality. Credit concentrations in the group’s short term investments are monitored on an ongoing basis. Transactions involving derivatives are with counterparties the Group believes to be creditworthy. Management has a credit policy in place that requires the Group to obtain credit insurance from an investment grade credit insurance provider to mitigate exposure to credit risk in its receivables. At December 31, 2017, approximately 75% of the Group’s trade receivables were insured or payable by letters of credit (2016 - 79% were insured or payable by letters of credit). Insured receivables have a credit insurance deductible of 10%. The deductible and any additional exposure to credit risk is monitored and approved on an ongoing basis. Five customers accounted for approximately 77% of total trade receivables as at December 31, 2017 (2016 – five customers accounted for approximately 79%). Credit risk for these customers is assessed as medium to low risk. As at December 31, 2017, none of the Group’s trade receivables was aged more than 30 days (2016 – nil). (iii) Liquidity risk Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its obligations associated with financial liabilities. Hudbay's objective is to maintain sufficient liquid resources to meet operational and investing requirements. The following summarizes the contractual undiscounted cash flows of the Group’s non-derivative and derivative financial liabilities, including any interest payments, by remaining contractual maturity. The table includes all instruments held at the reporting date for which payments had been contractually agreed at the reporting date. The undiscounted amounts shown are gross amounts, unless the liabilities will be settled net. Amounts in foreign currency are translated at the closing rate at the reporting date. When a counterparty has a choice of when an amount is paid, the liability is allocated to the earliest possible time period. Carrying Contractual 12 months More than Dec. 31, 2017 amount cash flows or less 13 - 36 months 37 - 60 months 60 months Assets used to manage liquidity risk Cash and cash equivalents $ 356,499 $ 356,499 $ 356,499 $ - $ - $ - Trade and other receivables 142,199 147,196 124,134 12,403 10,659 - Non-hedge derivative asset 2,841 2,841 2,841 - - - $ 501,539 $ 506,536 $ 483,474 $ 12,403 $ 10,659 $ - Non-derivative financial liabilities Trade and other payables, including embedded derivative $ (192,821 ) $ (192,821 ) $ (192,821 ) $ - $ - $ - Other financial liabilities (22,568 ) (37,216 ) (3,824 ) (4,791 ) (4,780 ) (23,821 ) Long-term debt, including prepayment option embedded derivative (979,575 ) (1,520,416 ) (79,715 ) (159,430 ) (152,396 ) (1,128,875 ) Finance lease liabilities (84,573 ) (89,750 ) (20,186 ) (40,253 ) (29,311 ) - $ (1,279,537 ) $ (1,840,203 ) $ (296,546 ) $ (204,474 ) $ (186,487 ) $ (1,152,696 ) Derivative financial liabilities Warrant liabilities $ (6,961 ) $ (6,961 ) $ (6,961 ) $ - $ - $ - Gold option (732 ) (732 ) (732 ) - - - Non-hedge derivative contracts (16,140 ) (16,140 ) (15,263 ) (877 ) - - $ (23,833 ) $ (23,833 ) $ (22,956 ) $ (877 ) $ - $ - More Carrying Contractual 12 months or than 60 Dec. 31, 2016 amount cash flows less 13 - 36 months 37 - 60 months months Assets used to manage liquidity risk Cash and cash equivalents $ 146,864 $ 146,864 $ 146,864 $ - $ - $ - Trade and other receivables 116,445 116,445 96,221 1,543 18,681 - Non-hedge derivative assets 3,397 3,397 3,397 - - - $ 266,706 $ 266,706 $ 246,482 $ 1,543 $ 18,681 $ - Non-derivative financial liabilities Trade and other payables, including embedded derivatives $ (163,113 ) $ (163,113 ) $ (163,113 ) $ - $ - $ - Other financial liabilities (22,998 ) (35,392 ) (4,025 ) (3,303 ) (4,616 ) (23,448 ) Long-term debt, including prepayment option embedded derivative (1,232,164 ) (1,946,925 ) (105,278 ) (105,278 ) (544,957 ) (1,191,412 ) Finance lease liabilities (12,932 ) (13,720 ) (3,508 ) (3,338 ) (6,874 ) - $ (1,431,207 ) $ (2,159,150 ) $ (275,924 ) $ (111,919 ) $ (556,447 ) $ (1,214,860 ) Derivative financial liabilities Warrant liabilities $ (7,588 ) $ (7,588 ) $ - $ - $ (7,588 ) $ - Gold option (570 ) (570 ) - - (570 ) - Non-hedge derivative contracts (10,682 ) (10,682 ) (10,682 ) - - - $ (18,840 ) $ (18,840 ) $ (10,682 ) $ - $ (8,158 ) $ - |