Revenue | (2) Revenue The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) with an initial date of application of January 1, 2018. As a result, the Company has changed its accounting policy for revenue recognition. The Company applied Topic 606 using the cumulative effect method to contracts that were not completed at January 1, 2018, which resulted in the recognition of the cumulative effect of initially adopting Topic 606 as an adjustment to the opening balance of shareholders’ equity at January 1, 2018. Therefore, the comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under the Company’s revenue recognition policy in effect prior to the adoption of Topic 606. The Company adopted Topic 606 using the practical expedient in paragraph 606-10-65-1(f)(4), under which the Company aggregated all contract modifications that occurred before January 1, 2018 to identify the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations, to determine the transaction price, and to allocate the transaction price to the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations. The details of the significant changes as a result of adopting Topic 606 are provided below. Franchise Income. Prior to the adoption of Topic 606, the Company recognized franchise development and opening fees when a franchisee-owned restaurant opened. Under Topic 606, the Company now recognizes franchise development and opening specific fees over the life of the applicable franchise agreements. The Company increased its deferred revenue liability by $3.1 million, increased its deferred tax assets by $746 thousand and decreased the opening balance of shareholders’ equity by $2.3 million for previously recognized franchise development and opening fees that will now be recognized over the life of the applicable franchise agreements. The adoption of Topic 606 also impacts the classification of advertising contributions from franchisees. Prior to the adoption of Topic 606, the Company recorded advertising contributions from franchisees as a liability against which specific marketing and advertising costs were charged, which reduced the Company’s marketing expense on the consolidated statements of income. Under Topic 606, advertising contributions from franchisees are classified as franchise income on the consolidated statements of income in fiscal year 2018. The Company recognized $1.1 million of advertising contributions from franchisees in the thirty-nine weeks of fiscal year 2018. Because of the offsetting adjustments, the reclassification of advertising contributions from franchisees will have no impact to the Company’s net income for fiscal year 2018. Gift Cards. Under Topic 606, the Company now classifies certain discounts recognized on the sale of gift cards, historically recognized as marketing expense, as a reduction to restaurant sales on the consolidated statements of income. The reclassification of discounts recognized on the sale of gift cards from marketing expense to restaurant sales on the consolidated statements of income totaled $696 thousand in the first thirty-nine weeks of fiscal year 2018. Because of the offsetting adjustments, the reclassification of discounts recognized on the sale of gift cards will have no impact to the Company’s net income for fiscal year 2018. Impacts on Financial Statements The following tables summarize the impacts of adopting Topic 606 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the first thirty-nine weeks of fiscal year 2018. September 30, 2018 As Reported Adjustments Balances without adoption of Topic 606 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 4,877 $ — $ 4,877 Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts 2018 - $371; 2017 - $361 11,332 — 11,332 Inventory 7,989 — 7,989 Prepaid expenses and other 2,393 — 2,393 Total current assets 26,591 — 26,591 Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation 2018 - $155,895; 2017 - $144,373 120,813 — 120,813 Goodwill 36,522 — 36,522 Franchise rights, net of accumulated amortization 2018 - $1,819; 2017 - $396 45,399 — 45,399 Other intangibles, net of accumulated amortization 2018 - $1,341; 2017 - $1,181 4,915 — 4,915 Deferred income taxes 4,949 (718 ) 4,231 Other assets 582 — 582 Total assets $ 239,771 $ (718 ) $ 239,053 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 6,537 $ — $ 6,537 Accrued payroll 14,130 — 14,130 Accrued expenses 7,779 — 7,779 Deferred revenue 36,794 (126 ) 36,668 Other current liabilities 3,541 — 3,541 Total current liabilities 68,781 (126 ) 68,655 Long-term debt 54,000 — 54,000 Deferred rent 23,004 — 23,004 Unearned franchise fees 2,803 (2,803 ) — Other liabilities 1,897 — 1,897 Total liabilities 150,485 (2,929 ) 147,556 Commitments and contingencies — — — Shareholders' equity: Common stock, par value $.01 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 29,730,779 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018, 29,645,790 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 297 — 297 Additional paid-in capital 72,479 — 72,479 Retained earnings 16,510 2,211 18,721 Treasury stock, at cost; 71,950 shares at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 — — — Total shareholders' equity 89,286 2,211 91,497 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 239,771 $ (718 ) $ 239,053 13 Weeks Ended September 30, 2018 39 Weeks Ended September 30, 2018 Balances without Balances without As Reported Adjustments adoption of Topic 606 As Reported Adjustments adoption of Topic 606 Revenues: Restaurant sales $ 93,488 $ 226 (1) $ 93,714 $ 307,390 $ 696 (1) $ 308,086 Franchise income 4,030 (415 ) (2) 3,615 12,905 (1,265 ) (2) 11,640 Other operating income 1,497 — 1,497 4,880 — 4,880 Total revenues 99,015 (189 ) 98,826 325,175 (569 ) 324,606 Costs and expenses: Food and beverage costs 26,440 — 26,440 86,894 — 86,894 Restaurant operating expenses 49,626 — 49,626 151,328 — 151,328 Marketing and advertising 3,813 (133 ) (3) 3,680 11,930 (427 ) (3) 11,503 General and administrative costs 8,809 — 8,809 27,056 — 27,056 Depreciation and amortization expenses 4,628 — 4,628 13,762 — 13,762 Pre-opening costs 845 — 845 1,258 — 1,258 Total costs and expenses 94,161 (133 ) 94,028 292,228 (427 ) 291,801 Operating income 4,854 (56 ) 4,798 32,947 (142 ) 32,805 Other income (expense): Interest expense, net (470 ) — (470 ) (1,253 ) — (1,253 ) Other (65 ) — (65 ) (31 ) — (31 ) Income from continuing operations before income tax expense 4,319 (56 ) 4,263 31,663 (142 ) 31,521 Income tax expense 727 (14 ) (4) 713 4,873 (35 ) (4) 4,838 Income from continuing operations 3,592 (42 ) 3,550 26,790 (107 ) 26,683 Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes 9 — 9 30 — 30 Net income $ 3,601 $ (42 ) $ 3,559 $ 26,820 $ (107 ) $ 26,713 (1) The reclassification of discounts recognized on the sale of gift cards from marketing expense to restaurant sales on the consolidated statements of income totaled $226 thousand in the third quarter of fiscal year 2018 and $696 thousand in the first thirty-nine weeks of fiscal year 2018. (2) In the third quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company recognized $359 thousand of advertising contributions from franchisees and $56 thousand of franchise development and opening fees in excess of fees that would have been recognized had Topic 606 not been adopted. In the first thirty-nine weeks of fiscal year 2018, the Company recognized $1.1 million of advertising contributions from franchisees and $142 thousand of franchise development and opening fees in excess of fees that would have been recognized had Topic 606 not been adopted. (3) The Company recognized $359 thousand of advertising contributions from franchisees in the third quarter of fiscal year 2018 and $1.1 million and of advertising contributions from franchisees in the first thirty-nine weeks of fiscal year 2018 which prior to the adoption of Topic 606 were recognized as a reduction to marketing and advertising expense. Discounts recognized on the sale of gift cards were reclassified from marketing expense to restaurant sales on the consolidated statements of income, which totaled $226 thousand in the third quarter of fiscal year 2018 and $696 thousand in the first thirty-nine weeks of fiscal year 2018. (4) Income tax expense related to the pre-tax income impact of the adjustments is calculated using the Company’s marginal federal and state income tax rates. 39 Weeks Ended September 30, 2018 As Reported Adjustments Balances without adoption of Topic 606 Cash flows from operating activities: Net income $ 26,820 $ (107 ) $ 26,713 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 13,762 — 13,762 Deferred income taxes 744 — 744 Non-cash interest expense 62 — 62 Loss on the disposal of property and equipment, net 21 — 21 Debt issuance costs written-off — — — Amortization of below market lease 59 — 59 Stock-based compensation expense 5,720 — 5,720 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable 10,295 — 10,295 Inventories 700 — 700 Prepaid expenses and other 287 — 287 Other assets — — — Accounts payable and accrued expenses (9,797 ) — (9,797 ) Deferred revenue (6,070 ) 142 (5,928 ) Deferred rent 834 — 834 Other liabilities (2,895 ) (35 ) (2,930 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 40,542 — 40,542 Net cash used in investing activities (23,284 ) — (23,284 ) Net cash used in financing activities (16,432 ) — (16,432 ) Net increase in cash and cash equivalents $ 826 — $ 826 Summary of Significant Revenue Policies Restaurant Sales. Restaurant sales consist of food and beverage sales by Company-owned restaurants. Revenue from restaurant sales is recognized when food and beverage products are sold. Restaurant sales are presented net of sales taxes and discounts. Gratuities remitted by customers for the benefit of restaurant staff are not included in either revenues or operating expenses. Restaurant sales are primarily influenced by total operating weeks in the relevant period and comparable restaurant sales growth. Total operating weeks is the total number of Company-owned restaurants multiplied by the number of weeks each is in operation during the relevant period. Comparable restaurant sales growth reflects the change in year-over-year or quarter-over-quarter, as applicable, sales for the comparable restaurants. The Company defines comparable restaurants to be those Company-owned restaurants in operation for not less than eighteen months prior to the beginning of the fiscal year. Franchise Income. Franchise income includes (1) royalty income and (2) franchise and development fees charged to franchisees. Franchise royalties consist of 5.0% of adjusted gross sales from each franchisee-owned restaurant. In addition, our more recent franchise agreements require up to a 1.0% of adjusted gross sales advertising fee to be paid by the franchisee, which is applied to national advertising expenditures. Effective in fiscal year 2018, both the 5.0% royalty and the sales based advertising fees are included in franchise income on the consolidated statements of income. Prior to the adoption of Topic 606, the Company recorded advertising contributions from franchisees as a liability against which specific marketing and advertising costs were charged, which reduced the Company’s marketing expense on the consolidated statements of income. Effective with fiscal year 2018, the Company recognizes franchise development and opening fees over the life of the applicable franchise agreements. Prior to the adoption of Topic 606, the Company recognized franchise development and opening fees when a franchisee-owned restaurant opened. Other Operating Income. Other operating income consists primarily of breakage income associated with gift cards, and also includes fees earned from management agreements, banquet-related guarantee and services revenue and other incidental guest fees. The Company’s accounting method for recognizing gift card breakage revenue is the redemption method. Under the redemption method, gift card breakage revenue is recognized and the gift card liability is derecognized for unredeemed gift cards in proportion to actual gift card redemptions based on historical breakage rates. Deferred Revenue. Deferred revenue primarily includes (1) the Company’s liability for gift cards that have been sold but not yet redeemed and (2) the Company’s liability for franchise development and opening fees that will be recognized over the life of the applicable franchise agreements. When gift cards are redeemed (typically within five years), the Company recognizes restaurant sales and reduces the deferred revenue liability. A portion of gift cards redeemed are used by customers to pay for sales taxes and gratuities, neither of which results in Company restaurant sales. Company issued gift cards redeemed at franchisee-owned restaurants result in royalty based franchise income and reduce the deferred revenue liability. The expected redemption value of gift cards represents the full consideration received for all gift cards issued less the amount the Company has recognized as other operating income for gift cards that are not expected to be redeemed (gift card breakage). In the following tables, the Company’s revenue is disaggregated by major component for each category on the consolidated statements of income. 13 Weeks Ended September 30, 2018: Domestic International Total Revenue Restaurant sales $ 93,488 $ — $ 93,488 Franchise income 3,391 639 4,030 Other operating income 1,497 — 1,497 Total revenue $ 98,376 $ 639 $ 99,015 13 Weeks Ended September 24, 2017: Domestic International Total Revenue Restaurant sales $ 79,442 $ — $ 79,442 Franchise income 3,534 684 4,218 Other operating income 1,507 — 1,507 Total revenue $ 84,483 $ 684 $ 85,167 39 Weeks Ended September 30, 2018: Domestic International Total Revenue Restaurant sales $ 307,390 $ — $ 307,390 Franchise income 10,849 2,056 12,905 Other operating income 4,880 — 4,880 Total revenue $ 323,119 $ 2,056 $ 325,175 39 Weeks Ended September 24, 2017: Domestic International Total Revenue Restaurant sales $ 273,042 $ — $ 273,042 Franchise income 10,737 2,128 12,865 Other operating income 4,813 — 4,813 Total revenue $ 288,592 $ 2,128 $ 290,720 The following table provides information about receivables and deferred revenue liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands). September 30, December 31, 2018 2017 Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts 2018 - $371; 2017 - $361 $ 10,736 $ 21,130 Deferred revenue $ 36,794 $ 42,596 Unearned franchise fees $ 2,803 $ — Significant changes in the deferred revenue balance and the unearned franchise fees balance during the first thirty-nine weeks of fiscal year 2018 are presented in the following table (in thousands). Deferred Unearned Revenue Franchise Fees Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 42,596 $ — Increase (decrease) due to the cumulative effect of adopting Topic 606 (22 ) 3,092 Decreases in the beginning balance from gift card redemptions (24,549 ) — Increases due to proceeds received, excluding amounts recognized during the period 18,709 — Decreases due to recognition of franchise development and opening fees — (292 ) Other 60 3 Balance at September 30, 2018 $ 36,794 $ 2,803 The projected recognition of revenue related to deferred franchise development and opening fees is as follows (in thousands). Balance as of Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Years More Than January 1, 2018 2018 2019 2020-2022 5 Years Franchise development and opening fees $ 3,320 $ 348 $ 226 $ 677 $ 2,069 |