Revenue | (3) Revenue The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) with an initial date of application of January 1, 2018. As a result, the Company has changed its accounting policy for revenue recognition. The Company applied Topic 606 using the cumulative effect method to contracts that were not completed at January 1, 2018, which resulted in the recognition of the cumulative effect of initially adopting Topic 606 as an adjustment to the opening balance of shareholders’ equity at January 1, 2018. Therefore, the comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under the Company’s revenue recognition policy in effect prior to the adoption of Topic 606. The Company adopted Topic 606 using the practical expedient in paragraph 606-10-65-1(f)(4), under which the Company aggregated all contract modifications that occurred before January 1, 2018 to identify the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations, to determine the transaction price, and to allocate the transaction price to the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations. The details of the significant changes as a result of adopting Topic 606 are provided below. Franchise Income. Prior to the adoption of Topic 606, the Company recognized franchise development and opening fees when a franchisee-owned restaurant opened. Under Topic 606, the Company now recognizes franchise development and opening specific fees over the life of the applicable franchise agreements. The Company increased its deferred revenue liability by $3.1 million, increased its deferred tax assets by $746 thousand and decreased the opening balance of shareholders’ equity by $2.3 million for previously recognized franchise development and opening fees that will now be recognized over the life of the applicable franchise agreements. The adoption of Topic 606 also impacts the classification of advertising contributions from franchisees. Prior to the adoption of Topic 606, the Company recorded advertising contributions from franchisees as a liability against which specific marketing and advertising costs were charged, which reduced the Company’s marketing expense on the consolidated statements of income. Under Topic 606, advertising contributions from franchisees are classified as franchise income on the consolidated statements of income in fiscal year 2018. The Company recognized $1.5 million of advertising contributions from franchisees for the fiscal year 2018. Because of the offsetting adjustments, the reclassification of advertising contributions from franchisees had no impact to the Company’s net income for fiscal year 2018. Gift Cards. Under Topic 606, the Company now classifies certain discounts recognized on the sale of gift cards, historically recognized as marketing expense, as a reduction to restaurant sales on the consolidated statements of income. The reclassification of discounts recognized on the sale of gift cards from marketing expense to restaurant sales on the consolidated statements of income totaled $1.1 million in fiscal year 2018. Because of the offsetting adjustments, the reclassification of discounts recognized on the sale of gift cards had no impact to the Company’s net income for fiscal year 2018. Impacts on Financial Statements The following tables summarize the impacts of adopting Topic 606 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for fiscal year 2018 (in thousands). December 30, 2018 As Reported Adjustments Balances without adoption of Topic 606 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,062 $ — $ 5,062 Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts 2018 - $322; 2017 - $361 19,476 — 19,476 Inventory 9,296 — 9,296 Prepaid expenses and other 2,528 — 2,528 Total current assets 36,362 — 36,362 Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation 2018 - $160,153; 2017 - $144,373 125,991 — 125,991 Goodwill 36,522 — 36,522 Franchise rights, net of accumulated amortization 2018 - $2,299; 2017 - $396 44,919 — 44,919 Other intangibles, net of accumulated amortization 2018 - $1,395; 2017 - $1,181 4,862 — 4,862 Deferred income taxes 5,353 (686 ) 4,667 Other assets 604 — 604 Total assets $ 254,613 $ (686 ) $ 253,927 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 10,273 $ — $ 10,273 Accrued payroll 19,475 — 19,475 Accrued expenses 10,535 — 10,535 Deferred revenue 48,370 (121 ) 48,249 Other current liabilities 6,619 — 6,619 Total current liabilities 95,272 (121 ) 95,151 Long-term debt 41,000 — 41,000 Deferred rent 23,692 — 23,692 Unearned franchise fees 2,680 (2,680 ) — Other liabilities 1,837 — 1,837 Total liabilities 164,481 (2,801 ) 161,680 Commitments and contingencies — — — Shareholders' equity: Common stock, par value $.01 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 29,268,776 shares issued and outstanding at December 30, 2018, 29,645,790 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 293 — 293 Additional paid-in capital 61,819 — 61,819 Retained earnings 28,020 2,115 30,135 Treasury stock, at cost; 71,950 shares at December 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 — — — Total shareholders' equity 90,132 2,115 92,247 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 254,613 $ (686 ) $ 253,927 52 Weeks Ended December 30, 2018 Balances without As Reported Adjustments adoption of Topic 606 Revenues: Restaurant sales $ 427,433 $ 1,058 (1) $ 428,491 Franchise income 17,919 (1,577 ) (2) 16,342 Other operating income 6,982 — 6,982 Total revenues 452,334 (519 ) 451,815 Costs and expenses: Food and beverage costs 120,112 — 120,112 Restaurant operating expenses 206,258 — 206,258 Marketing and advertising 16,639 (399 ) (3) 16,240 General and administrative costs 37,253 — 37,253 Depreciation and amortization expenses 18,538 — 18,538 Pre-opening costs 1,875 — 1,875 Total costs and expenses 400,675 (399 ) 400,276 Operating income 51,659 (120 ) 51,539 Other income (expense): Interest expense, net (1,739 ) — (1,739 ) Other (73 ) — (73 ) Income from continuing operations before income tax expense 49,847 (120 ) 49,727 Income tax expense 8,247 (29 ) (4) 8,218 Income from continuing operations 41,600 (91 ) 41,509 Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes 80 — 80 Net income $ 41,680 $ (91 ) $ 41,589 (1) The reclassification of discounts recognized on the sale of gift cards from marketing expense to restaurant sales on the consolidated statements of income totaled $1.1 million for fiscal year 2018. (2) In fiscal year 2018, the Company recognized $1.5 million of advertising contributions from franchisees and $119 thousand of franchise development and opening fees in excess of fees that would have been recognized had Topic 606 not been adopted. (3) The Company recognized $1.5 million and of advertising contributions from franchisees in fiscal year 2018, which prior to the adoption of Topic 606 were recognized as a reduction to marketing and advertising expense. Discounts recognized on the sale of gift cards were reclassified from marketing expense to restaurant sales on the consolidated statements of income, which totaled $1.1 million in fiscal year 2018. (4) Income tax expense related to the pre-tax income impact of the adjustments is calculated using the Company’s marginal federal and state income tax rates. 52 Weeks Ended December 30, 2018 As Reported Adjustments Balances without adoption of Topic 606 Cash flows from operating activities: Net income $ 41,680 $ (91 ) $ 41,589 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 18,538 — 18,538 Deferred income taxes 341 — 341 Non-cash interest expense 82 — 82 Debt issuance costs written-off — — — Gain on the disposal of property and equipment, net 55 — 55 Loss on impairment — — — Amortization of below market lease 79 — 79 Stock-based compensation expense 7,647 — 7,647 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable 2,151 — 2,151 Inventories (608 ) — (608 ) Prepaid expenses and other 151 — 151 Other assets (42 ) — (42 ) Accounts payable and accrued expenses 2,590 — 2,590 Deferred revenue 5,383 120 5,503 Deferred rent 1,462 — 1,462 Other liabilities (1,215 ) (29 ) (1,244 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 78,294 — 78,294 Net cash used in investing activities (31,907 ) — (31,907 ) Net cash used in financing activities (45,376 ) — (45,376 ) Net increase in cash and cash equivalents $ 1,011 — $ 1,011 In the following tables, the Company’s revenue is disaggregated by major component for each category on the consolidated statements of income (in thousands). 52 Weeks Ended December 30, 2018: Domestic International Total Revenue Restaurant sales $ 427,433 $ — $ 427,433 Franchise income 15,194 2,725 17,919 Other operating income 6,982 — 6,982 Total revenue $ 449,609 $ 2,725 $ 452,334 53 Weeks Ended December 31, 2017: Domestic International Total Revenue Restaurant sales $ 390,434 $ — $ 390,434 Franchise income 14,596 2,949 17,545 Other operating income 6,844 — 6,844 Total revenue $ 411,874 $ 2,949 $ 414,823 The following table provides information about receivables and deferred revenue liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands). December 30, December 31, 2018 2017 Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts 2018 - $322; 2017 - $361 $ 18,336 $ 21,130 Deferred revenue $ 48,370 $ 42,596 Unearned franchise fees $ 2,680 $ — Significant changes in the deferred revenue balance and the unearned franchise fees balance during the fifty-two weeks of fiscal year 2018 are presented in the following table (in thousands). Deferred Unearned Revenue Franchise Fees Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 42,596 $ — Increase (decrease) due to the cumulative effect of adopting Topic 606 (22 ) 3,092 Decreases in the beginning balance from gift card redemptions (29,103 ) — Increases due to proceeds received, excluding amounts recognized during the period 34,861 — Decreases due to recognition of franchise development and opening fees — (419 ) Other 38 7 Balance at December 30, 2018 $ 48,370 $ 2,680 The projected recognition of revenue related to deferred franchise development and opening fees is as follows (in thousands). Balance as of December 30, 2018 Fiscal Year 2019 Fiscal Year 2020 Fiscal Years 2021-2023 More Than 5 Years Franchise development and opening fees $ 2,680 $ 221 $ 221 $ 664 $ 1,574 |