| Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Business MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) is a designer and manufacturer of analog and mixed-signal semiconductor platform solutions for communications, Internet of Things (“IoT”) applications, consumer, industrial and automotive applications. The Company provides technology platforms for analog, mixed signal, power, high voltage, non-volatile two two Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). Significant accounting policies followed by the Company in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company including its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenue and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of accounts receivable, unbilled accounts receivable, inventories, stock based compensation, property plant and equipment, intangible assets, leases, other long-lived assets, long-term employee benefits, contingencies liabilities, estimated future cash flows and other assumptions used in long-lived asset impairment tests and calculation of income taxes and deferred tax valuation allowances, and assumptions used in the calculation of sales incentives, among others. Although these estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that the Company may undertake in the future, actual results may be significantly different from the estimates. Foreign Currency Translation The Company has assessed in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 830, “Foreign Currency Matters” (“ASC 830”), the functional currency of each of its subsidiaries in Luxembourg and the Netherlands and has designated the US dollar to be their respective functional currencies. The Korean Won is the functional currency for the Company’s Korean subsidiary, which is the primary operating subsidiary of the Company. The Company and its other subsidiaries are utilizing their local currencies as their functional currencies. The financial statements of the subsidiaries in functional currencies other than the US dollar are translated into the US dollar in accordance with ASC 830. All the assets and liabilities are translated to the US dollar at the end-of-period Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with an original maturity date of three months or less Accounts Receivable Reserves An allowance for doubtful accounts is provided based on the aggregate estimated uncollectability of the Company’s accounts receivable. The Company also records an estimate for sales returns, included within accounts receivable, net, based on the historical experience of the amount of goods that will be returned and refunded or replaced. In addition, the Company also includes in accounts receivable, net, an allowance for volume discounts offered to certain customers and distributors for meeting agreed upon levels of sales volume. Sales of Accounts Receivable The Company accounts for transfers of financial assets under ASC 860, “Transfers and Servicing,” as either sales or financings. Transfers of financial assets that result in sales accounting are those in which (1) the transfer legally isolates the transferred assets from the transferor, (2) the transferee has the right to pledge or exchange the transferred assets and no condition both constrains the transferee’s right to pledge or exchange the assets and provides more than a trivial benefit to the transferor, and (3) the transferor does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets. If the transfer does not meet these criteria, the transfer is accounted for as a financing. Financial assets that are treated as sales are removed from the Company’s accounts with any realized gain or loss reflected in earning during the period of sale. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the first in, first out method (“FIFO”). If net realizable value is less than cost at the balance sheet date, the carrying amount is reduced to the realizable value, and the difference is recognized as a loss on valuation of inventories within cost of sales. Inventory reserves are established when conditions indicate that the net realizable value is less than costs due to physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels, or other causes based on individual facts and circumstances. The Company evaluates the sufficiency of inventory reserves and takes into consideration historical usage, expected demand, anticipated sales price, new product development schedules, the effect new products might have on the sale of existing products, product age and other factors. Reserves are also established for excess inventory based on the Company’s current inventory levels and projected demand and its ability to sell those specific products. Situations that could cause these inventory reserves include a decline in business and economic conditions, decline in consumer confidence caused by changes in market conditions, sudden and significant decline in demand for our products, inventory obsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and consumer requirements, or failure to estimate end customer demand properly. A reduction of these inventory reserves may be recorded if previously reserved items are subsequently sold as a result of unexpected changes to certain aforementioned situations. In addition, as prescribed in ASC 330, “Inventory,” once a reserve is established for a particular item based on the Company’s assessment as described above, it is maintained until the related item is sold or scrapped as a new cost basis has been established that cannot subsequently be marked up. In addition, the cost of inventories is determined based on the normal capacity of each fabrication facility. In case the capacity utilization is lower than a certain level that management believes to be normal, the fixed overhead costs per production unit which exceeds those under normal capacity are charged to cost of sales rather than capitalized as inventories. Advances to Suppliers The Company, from time to time, may make advances in form of prepayments or deposits to suppliers to procure materials to meet its planned production. The Company recorded advances of $ 6,593 8,132 Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as set forth below. Buildings 30 - 40 years Building related structures 10 - 20 years Machinery and equipment 10 - 12 years Others 3 - 10 years Routine maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures that enhance the value or significantly extend the useful lives of the related assets are capitalized. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews property, plant and equipment and other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment.” Recoverability is measured by comparing its carrying amount with the future net undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the assets and the fair value of assets using the present value of the future net cash flows generated by the respective long-lived assets. Restructuring Charges The Company recognizes restructuring charges in accordance with ASC 420, “Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations.” Certain costs and expenses related to exit or disposal activities are recorded as restructuring charges when liabilities for those costs and expenses are incurred. Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception of a contract considering whether the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset over the period of use. Control of an underlying asset is conveyed if the Company has the right to direct the use of, and to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of, the identified asset. The Company accounts for lease transactions as either an operating or a finance lease, depending on the terms of the underlying lease arrangement. Assets related to operating leases are recorded on the balance sheet as operating lease right-of-use non-current non-current right-of-use non-current Right-of-use Right-of-use right-of-use right-of-use An extension or contraction of a lease term is considered if the related option to extend or early terminate the lease is reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company. Operating lease right-of-use non-lease non-lease Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at the commencement of the lease such as increases in lease payments based on changes in index rates are not included in the right-of-use The Company does not recognize operating lease right-of-use Intangible Assets Intangible assets other than intellectual property include technology and customer relationships that are amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from one five ten Fair Value Disclosures of Financial Instruments The Company follows ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”) for measurement and disclosures about fair value of its financial instruments. ASC 820 establishes a framework for measuring fair value in US GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures, ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three levels of fair value hierarchy defined by ASC 820 are: Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Level 2—Inputs (other than quoted market prices included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life. Level 3—Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model. Valuation of instruments includes unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value of assets or liabilities. As defined by ASC 820, the fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale, which was further clarified as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (“an exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, such as cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable and other accounts payable approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments. Accrued Severance Benefits The majority of accrued severance benefits are Accrued severance benefits are funded through a group severance insurance plan. The amounts funded under this insurance plan are classified as a reduction of the accrued severance benefits. Subsequent accruals are to be funded at the discretion of the Company. In accordance with the National Pension Act of the Republic of Korea, a certain portion of accrued severance benefits is deposited with the National Pension Fund and deducted from the accrued severance benefits. The contributed amount is paid to employees from the National Pension Fund upon their retirement. Beginning in July 2018, the Company began contributing a percentage of severance benefits, which may be adjusted from time to time, accrued for eligible employees for their services beginning January 1, 2018, to certain severance insurance deposit accounts. These accounts consist of time deposits and other guaranteed principal and interest accounts, and are maintained at insurance companies, banks or security companies for the benefit of the Company’s employees. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies the performance obligation of transferring control over a product or service to a customer. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer, which consideration is paid in exchange for a product or service. The Foundry Services Group of the Company manufactures products, which the Company refers to as foundry products, based on customers’ specific product designs. The Company recognizes revenue over time for foundry products that do not have an alternative use when the Company has an enforceable right to payment. Revenue recognized over time is in proportion of wafer manufacturing costs incurred relative to total estimated costs for completion. However, in certain circumstances, pursuant to a customer contract or an individual purchase order, the Company may not have an enforceable right to payment for services performed at a given time. In this situation, the Company recognizes revenue at the time when a customer obtains control of the product, which is generally upon product shipment, delivery at the customer’s location or upon customer acceptance, depending on the terms of the arrangement. The Standards Products Group of the Company sells products manufactured based on the Company’s design. The Standard Products Group’s products are either standardized with an alternative use or the Company does not have an enforceable right to payment for the related manufacturing services completed to date. Therefore, revenue for the Standards Products Group’s products is recognized when a customer obtains control of the product, which is generally upon product shipment, delivery at the customer’s location or upon customer acceptance, depending on the terms of the arrangement. A portion of the Company’s sales are made through distributors for which the Company applies the same revenue recognition guidance described above. The Company defers the recognition of revenue when it receives consideration from the customers prior to the fulfillment of performance obligations. These amounts are classified as deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets. Of the recorded deferred revenue of $6,477 thousand as of December 31, 2018, $1,885 thousand w as 4,428 In accordance with revenue recognition guidance, any tax assessed by a governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, and that is collected by the Company from a customer, is excluded from revenue and related revenue is presented in the statements of operations on a net basis. The Company provides warranties under which customers can return defective products. The Company also provides allowances for additional products that may have to be provided free of charge to compensate customers for not meeting previously agreed upon yield criteria, which the Company refers to as the low yield compensation reserve. The Company estimates the costs related to warranty claims, repair or replacements and low yield compensation reserves, and records them as components of cost of sales. In addition, the Company offers sales returns (other than those that relate to defective products under warranty), cash discounts for early payments, sales incentives including discounts and volume rebates, and certain allowances to the Company’s customers, including the Company’s distributors. The Company records reserves for those returns, discounts, incentives and allowances as a deduction from sales, based on historical experience and other quantitative and qualitative factors. Substantially all of the Company’s contracts are one thirty sixty Unbilled accounts receivable represents the Company’s contractual right to consideration for manufacturing work performed on a customer contract or an individual purchase order that 38,181 All amounts billed to a customer related to shipping and handling are classified as sales while all costs incurred by the Company for shipping and handling are classified as selling, general and administrative expenses. The amounts charged to selling, general and administrative expenses were $ 1,769 1,861 1,652 Derivative Financial Instruments The Company applies the provisions of ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). This Statement requires the recognition of all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities measured at fair value. Under the provisions of ASC 815, the Company may designate a derivative instrument as hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that are attributable to a particular risk (a “cash flow hedge”) or hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset or a liability (a “fair value hedge”). Special accounting for qualifying hedges allows the effective portion of a derivative instrument’s gains and losses to offset related results on the hedged item in the consolidated statements of operations and requires that a company formally document, designate and assess the effectiveness of the transactions that receive hedge accounting treatment. Both at the inception of a hedge and on an ongoing basis, a hedge must be expected to be highly effective in achieving offsetting changes in cash flows or fair value attributable to the underlying risk being hedged. If the Company determines that a derivative instrument is no longer highly effective as a hedge, it discontinues hedge accounting prospectively and future changes in the fair value of the derivative are recognized in current earnings. The Company assesses hedge effectiveness at the end of each quarter. In accordance with ASC 815, changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are cash flow hedges are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings in the period in which the hedged item affects earnings. Derivative instruments that do not qualify, or cease to qualify, as hedges must be adjusted to fair value and the adjustments are recorded through net income (loss). The cash flows from derivative instruments receiving hedge accounting treatment are classified in the same categories as the hedged items in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Advertising The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense was approximately $134 thousand, $121 thousand and $95 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Product Warranties The Company records, in other current liabilities, warranty liabilities for the estimated costs that may be incurred under its basic limited warranty. The standard limited warranty period is one to two years for the majority of products. This warranty covers defective products, and related liabilities are accrued when product revenues are recognized. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liabilities include historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims and repair or replacement costs per claim to satisfy the Company’s warranty obligation. The Company also records, in other current liabilities, low yield compensation reserves for its estimated costs for products that may have to be provided free of charge to compensate customers for not meeting previously agreed upon yield criteria. Factors that affect the Company’s low yield compensation reserves include historical and anticipated rates of claims for not meeting previously agreed upon yield criteria. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of those recorded warranty liabilities and low yield compensation reserves, and adjusts its estimates when necessary. Research and Development Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred and include wafers, masks, employee expenses, contractor fees, building costs, utilities and administrative expenses. Licensed Patents and Technologies The Company has entered into a number of royalty agreements to license patents and technology used in the design of its products. The Company carries two types of royalties: lump-sum Lump-sum non-refundable Running royalties are paid based on the revenue of related products sold by the Company. Stock-Based Compensation The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”). Under ASC 718, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense, net of the estimated forfeiture rate, over the requisite service period. As permitted under ASC 718, the Company elected to recognize compensation expense for all options with graded vesting based on the graded attribution method. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to measure the grant-date-fair-value of options. The Black-Scholes model requires certain assumptions to determine an option’s fair value, including expected term, risk free interest rate and expected volatility. The expected term of each option grant was based on employees’ expected exercises and post-vesting employment termination behavior and the risk free interest rate was based on the US Treasury yield curve for the period corresponding with the expected term at the time of grant. No dividends were assumed for this calculation of option value. Earnings Per Share In accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share”, the Company computes basic earnings per share by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the dilution of potential common stock outstanding during the period including stock options and restricted stock units, using the treasury stock method (by using the average stock price for the period to determine the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options and restricted stock units), and convertibles, using the if-converted Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). ASC 740 requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in a company’s financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon the difference between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established when it is necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable for the period and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company recognizes and measures uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return utilizing a two-step more-likely-than-not more-likely-than-not Concentration of Credit Risk The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral for customers on accounts receivable. The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses, which are periodically reviewed. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. ASU 2019-12, 2019-12”). 2019-12 for In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, 2016-13”). 2016-13 No. 2019-04, 2019-04”) , i 2016-13. 2016-13, 2019-04 2019-11 2016-13, 2019-04 2019-11 In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-13 2018-13”). 2018-13 2018-13 Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In February 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-02, Reform 2018-02 In August 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-12, 2017-12”). 2017-12 2017-12 2017-12 In July 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-11, 2017-11”), 2017-11 In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, 2016-02”) 2016-02 right-of-use 2018-01, 2018-01”). 2018-01 2016-02 2018-10, 2018-10”). 2018-10 2018-11, 2018-11”). 2018-11 2016-02 2018-20, 2018-20”). 2018-20 2016-02. 2019-01 2019-01”). 2016-02, 2018-01, 2018-10, 2018-11, 2018-20 2019-01 right-of-use The Company used hindsight for determining a remaining lease term and assessing the likelihood of whether a renewal option is reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company. . For further information regarding these impacts, see Note 7, “Leases.” In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09. 2014-09 2014-09 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, 2016-12, 2016-20, 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-12 2016-20 2014-09 Prior to the adoption of the new revenue standard effective on January 1, 2018, the Company had historically recognized revenue when risk and reward of ownership passed to the customer either upon shipment, upon product delivery at the customer’s location or upon customer acceptance, depending on the terms of the related arrangement. After the adoption of the new revenue standard effective on January 1, 2018, the Company recognizes revenue over time for foundry products that do not have an alternative use when the Company has an enforceable right to payment. As the Company adopted the new revenue standard using the modified retrospective method, it recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the Company’s equity as of January 1, 2018, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for such periods. The cumulative effect of the adjustments increased unbilled accounts receivable by $38,307 thousand and decreased inventories, net by $29,823 thousand, resulting in a net increase of $8,484 thousand in the Company’s beginning equity as of January 1, 2018. There was no net income tax impact from those cumulative effect adjustments due to full allowance on deferred tax assets. |
