ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) and the documents Ridgewood Energy P Fund, LLC (the “Fund”) has incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to the Fund’s business plans, strategies, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “plan,” “target,” “pursue,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Examples of such events that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or those anticipated include weather conditions, such as hurricanes, changes in market conditions affecting the pricing of oil and natural gas, the cost and availability of equipment, and changes in governmental regulations. The Fund undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The following discussion and analysis of the Fund’s financial condition and operating results is based on its financial statements. The preparation of this Quarterly Report requires the Fund to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Fund’s financial statements, and the reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions. See “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements” in Part I of this Quarterly Report for a presentation of the Fund’s significant accounting policies. No changes have been made to the Fund’s critical accounting policies and estimates since the filing of the 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview of the Fund’s Business
The Fund is a Delaware limited liability company formed on March 21, 2005 to acquire interests primarily in oil and natural gas projects located in the U.S. waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Ridgewood Energy Corporation (“Ridgewood Energy” or the “Manager”) a Delaware corporation, is the Manager. As the Manager, Ridgewood Energy has direct and exclusive control over the management and control of Fund operations. The Fund’s primary investment objective is to generate cash flow for distribution to the Fund’s shareholders through participation in oil and natural gas exploration and development projects in the Gulf of Mexico.
The Manager performs certain duties on the Fund’s behalf including the evaluation of potential projects for investment and ongoing management, administrative and advisory services associated with these projects. For these services, the Manager receives an annual management fee equal to 2.5% of capital contributions, net of cumulative dry-hole and related well costs incurred by the Fund, payable monthly. The Fund does not currently, nor is there any plan to operate any project in which the Fund participates. The Manager enters into operating agreements with third-party operators (“Operators”) for the management of all exploration, development and producing operations, as appropriate. The Manager also participates in distributions.
Business Update
The Fund owns working interests and has participated in the drilling of fourteen wells, four that have been determined to be successful, one that is currently drilling, and nine of which have been determined to be dry holes.
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Currently Drilling
South Timbalier 287
In November 2007, the Fund acquired a 4.0% working interest in the exploratory project South Timbalier 287 from GOM Shelf LLC (Apache Corporation) (“Apache”), the operator. South Timbalier 287 is located southwest of the Mississippi River Delta in about 480 feet of water. This project started drilling in March 2008 and results are expected in August 2008. Through June 30, 2008, the Fund has spent $2.3 million, inclusive of advances, related to this property, for which the total estimated budget is $2.6 million.
Successful Projects
Eugene Island 346/347
Well #1
In March 2007, the Fund acquired a 10% working interest in the exploratory project Eugene Island 346/347 from Newfield Exploration Company (“Newfield”), the operator. In June 2007, the well was determined to be successful. In August 2007, Newfield sold its interest in this property to McMoRan Exploration Co. (“McMoRan”). At that time, McMoRan assumed Newfield’s responsibilities as the operator of this property. The well was completed and production commenced in June 2008. Through June 30, 2008, the Fund has spent $7.0 million related to this well.
Well #2
As a result of the drilling success of the first exploratory well for Eugene Island 346/347, the second and third wells commenced drilling in May 2008. In late-May 2008, Eugene Island 346/347 well #2 was determined to be commercially successful and production commenced in July 2008. Through June 30, 2008, the Fund has spent $1.2 million related to this well, for which the total estimated budget is $1.3 million.
Eugene Island 354
In May 2007, the Fund acquired a 33% working interest in the exploratory project Eugene Island 354 from Devon Energy Production Company, L.P. (“Devon”), the operator. In June 2007, the well was determined to be successful. Completion efforts have concluded and production began in November 2007. The Fund has spent $5.1 million related to this property.
West Cameron 593
In July 2006, the Fund acquired a 43.3% working interest in the exploratory project West Cameron 593 from Newfield Exploration Company (“Newfield”), the operator. West Cameron 593 was determined to be successful in September 2006. In August 2007, Newfield sold its interest in this property to McMoRan Exploration Co. (“McMoRan”). At that time, McMoRan assumed Newfield’s responsibilities as the operator of this property. In September 2007, the well was completed and production began. The Fund has spent $14.1 million related to this property.
Dry Holes
Eugene Island 346/347 Well #3
In June 2008, the Fund was informed by McMoRan that Eugene Island 346/347 well #3 did not have commercially productive quantities of either natural gas or oil and had been determined to be an unsuccessful well, or dry hole. As a result of this dry hole, the Fund recorded dry-hole costs of $0.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2008.
Walker Ridge 155
In 2007 the Fund acquired a 1.0% working interest in the exploratory project Walker Ridge 155 from Kerr-McGee Oil & Gas Corporation (“Kerr McGee”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Anadarko Petroleum Corporation (“Anadarko”), the operator of the project. Drilling for Walker Ridge 155, a deepwater project began in mid-August 2007.
On June 3, 2008, the Fund was informed by Anadarko that based upon its evaluation of the three-dimensional data surrounding the Walker Ridge 155 lease block, they have elected not to continue drilling this well. The well has been determined to be unsuccessful, or a dry hole, and has been plugged and abandoned. Dry-hole costs related to this well, including plug and abandonment expenses, for the six months ended June 30, 2008 were $2.2 million.
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High Island 38
In the fourth quarter 2007, the Fund acquired a 12.5% working interest in the High Island 38 project, which is operated by W&T Offshore, Inc. (“W&T Offshore”). In June 2008, the well was determined to be unsuccessful, or a dry hole, and has been plugged and abandoned. Dry-hole costs related to this well, including plug and abandonment expenses, for the six months ended June 30, 2008 were $6.4 million.
Mississippi Canyon 489/490
In the third quarter 2007, the Fund acquired an 8.33% working interest in the exploratory project Mississippi Canyon 489/490 from LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc. (“LLOG”), the operator. Drilling began in September 2007, and in November 2007 the operator informed the Fund that Mississippi Canyon 489/490 did not have commercially productive quantities of either oil or natural gas and had been determined to be an unsuccessful well, or dry hole. Dry-hole costs related to this well, including plug and abandonment expenses, were $3.5 million, of which $0.3 million were incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2008.
Results of Operations
The following review of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 should be read in conjunction with the Fund’s financial statements and the notes thereto.
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| | Three months ended June 30, | | Six months ended June 30, | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2007 | |
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Revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Oil and gas revenue | | $ | 6,292 | | $ | — | | $ | 10,632 | | $ | — | |
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Expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depletion and amortization | | | 2,482 | | | — | | | 4,576 | | | — | |
Dry-hole costs | | | 9,224 | | | 417 | | | 10,085 | | | 3,725 | |
Management fees to affiliate | | | 512 | | | 543 | | | 1,028 | | | 1,078 | |
Operating expenses | | | 225 | | | 117 | | | 545 | | | 119 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 221 | | | 249 | | | 405 | | | 344 | |
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Total expenses | | | 12,664 | | | 1,326 | | | 16,639 | | | 5,266 | |
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Loss from operations | | | (6,372 | ) | | (1,326 | ) | | (6,007 | ) | | (5,266 | ) |
Other income | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 108 | | | 618 | | | 367 | | | 1,384 | |
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Net loss | | $ | (6,264 | ) | $ | (708 | ) | $ | (5,640 | ) | $ | (3,882 | ) |
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Oil and Gas Revenue. The Fund currently has three wells in production, West Cameron 593, Eugene Island 354 and Eugene Island 346/347 well #1, which began producing in September 2007, November 2007, and June 2008, respectively. Prior to September 2007, the Fund had no operating revenue and was considered an exploratory stage enterprise. Oil and gas revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 were $6.3 million and $10.6 million, respectively.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, the Fund’s wells produced and sold 28 thousand barrels and 52 thousand barrels of oil, respectively, and 232 thousand mcf and 452 thousand mcf of natural gas, respectively. Oil prices have averaged $126 per barrel and $112 per barrel, respectively, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008. Natural gas prices have averaged $11.39 per mcf and $10.68 per mcf, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively.
Depletion and Amortization. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, depletion and amortization was $2.5 million and $4.6 million respectively. The Fund’s producing wells, West Cameron 593, Eugene Island 354, and Eugene Island 346/347 well #1 began production in September 2007, November 2007 and June 2008, respectively. Prior to September 2007, the Fund did not have production and therefore did not have depletion and amortization expense.
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Dry-hole Costs. Dry-hole costs are those costs incurred to drill and develop a well that is ultimately found to be incapable of producing either oil or natural gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion of the well. The following table summarizes dry-hole costs inclusive of plug and abandonment costs. During the six months ended June 30, 2008, certain wells received credits from their respective operators upon review and audit of the wells’ costs.
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| | Three months ended June 30, | | Six months ended June 30, | |
Lease Block | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2007 | |
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High Island 38 | | $ | 6,407 | | $ | — | | $ | 6,407 | | $ | — | |
Walker Ridge 155 | | | 2,246 | | | — | | | 2,246 | | | — | |
West Cameron 109 | | | — | | | 74 | | | 599 | | | 246 | |
Eugene Island 346/347 well #3 | | | 550 | | | — | | | 550 | | | — | |
Mississippi Canyon 489/490 | | | 7 | | | — | | | 316 | | | — | |
South Timbalier 135/136 | | | 9 | | | 58 | | | 7 | | | 1,688 | |
Green Canyon 246 | | | (2 | ) | | 330 | | | — | | | 1,834 | |
Other wells | | | 7 | | | (45 | ) | | (40 | ) | | (43 | ) |
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| | $ | 9,224 | | $ | 417 | | $ | 10,085 | | $ | 3,725 | |
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Management Fees to Affiliate. For each of the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, the Fund incurred management fees of $0.5 million, respectively, representing 2.5% of total capital contributions, net of cumulative dry-hole and related well costs incurred by the Fund. The Fund incurred $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The management fee, payable monthly to the Manager, is for expenses associated with overhead incurred by the Manager for its ongoing management, administrative and advisory services. Such overhead expenses include but are not limited to rent, payroll and benefits for employees of the Manager, and other administrative costs.
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses represent the costs of operating and maintaining wells and related facilities, geological costs and accretion expense. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, operating expenses were $0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively. For each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, operating expenses were $0.1 million, attributable to geological costs for Eugene Island 354. The increases during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 were attributable to the onset of production for the Fund’s properties.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses represent costs specifically identifiable or allocable to the Fund, as detailed in the schedule below.
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| | Three months ended June 30, | | Six months ended June 30, | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2007 | |
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Insurance | | $ | 112 | | $ | 171 | | $ | 210 | | $ | 198 | |
Accounting fees | | | 97 | | | 53 | | | 168 | | | 97 | |
Trust fees and other | | | 12 | | | 25 | | | 27 | | | 49 | |
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| | $ | 221 | | $ | 249 | | $ | 405 | | $ | 344 | |
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Insurance expense represents premiums related to well control insurance, which varies dependent upon drilling activity, and directors and officers liability policy, which is allocated by the Manager to the Fund based on capital raised by the Fund to total capital raised by all oil and natural gas funds managed by the Manager. Accounting fees represent annual audit and tax preparation fees, quarterly reviews and filing fees of the Fund. Trust fees represent bank fees associated with the management of the Fund’s investment portfolio in U.S. Treasury securities.
Interest Income. Interest income is comprised of interest earned on money market accounts and investments in U.S. Treasury securities. For the three months ended June 30, 2008, interest income was $0.1 million, a $0.5 million decrease from the three months ended June 30, 2007. For the six months ended June 30, 2008, interest income was $0.4 million, a $1.0 million decrease from the six months ended June 30, 2007. The decreases were attributable to a reduction in interest rates during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 coupled with a decrease in average outstanding balances earning interest due to capital expenditures during the period.
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Capital Resources and Liquidity
Operating Cash Flows
Cash flows provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2008 were $7.8 million, which were principally attributable to revenue receipts of $9.6 million and interest income received of $0.2 million. These amounts were partially offset by management fees of $1.0 million, operating expenses totaling $0.5 million, general and administrative expenses of $0.4 million, and unfavorable working capital of $0.1 million.
Cash flow used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2007 was $0.6 million. Management fees of $1.1 million and general and administrative and operating expenses of $0.5 million, were offset by interest income received of $0.9 million
Investing Cash Flows
Cash flows provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2008 were $2.4 million related to proceeds from the maturity of U.S. Treasury securities totaling $19.7 million, partially offset by $10.0 million reinvested in marketable securities and capital expenditures for oil and gas properties totaling $7.4 million, inclusive of advances. Additionally, in the six months ended June 30, 2008, the Fund increased its salvage fund investments by $15 thousand, which consisted of the interest earned on this account.
Cash flows provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2007 were $18.6 million, related to proceeds from the maturity of U.S. Treasury Securities of $46.3 million, partially offset by investments in capital expenditures for oil and gas properties of $23.4 million and the purchase of U.S. Treasury Securities of $4.2 million.
Financing Cash Flows
Cash flows used in financing activities were $7.2 million for six months ended June 30, 2008 related to the payment of Manager and shareholder distributions.
There were no cash flows related to financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2007.
Estimated Capital Expenditures
The Fund has entered into multiple offshore operating agreements for the drilling and development of its investment properties. The estimated capital expenditures associated with these agreements can vary depending on the stage of development on a property-by-property basis. As of June 30, 2008, the Fund had commitments related to participation agreements totaling $0.4 million for properties.
When the Manager makes a decision for participation in a particular project, it assumes that the well will be successful and allocates enough capital to budget for the completion of that well and the additional development wells and infrastructure anticipated. If the exploratory well is deemed a dry-hole or if it is un-economical, the capital allocated to the completion of that well and to the development of additional wells is then reallocated to a new project or used to make additional investments.
Liquidity Needs
The Fund’s primary short-term liquidity needs are to fund its operations, including management fees and capital expenditures, with existing cash on-hand and income earned from its short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents. The Manager is entitled to receive an annual management fee from the Fund regardless of whether the Fund is profitable in that year. The annual fee, payable monthly, is equal to 2.5% of total capital contributed by shareholders, net of cumulative dry-hole and related well costs incurred.
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With respect to the payment of management fees, until one of the Fund’s projects begins producing, all or a portion of the management fee is paid generally from the interest or dividend income generated by the Fund’s development capital that has not been spent, although the management fee can be paid out of capital contributions. Such interest and/or dividend income is expected to be sufficient to cover Fund expenses, including the management fee. However in periods of declining interest rates, and as the Fund expends its capital on projects, interest and/or dividend income may not be sufficient, which would require the Fund to use capital contributions to fund such expenses. Generally, it can take anywhere from 18 to 24 months to bring a project to production. Once a well is on production, the management fee and fund expenses are paid from operating income. Although the management fee can be paid out of capital contributions, this is not the Fund’s intent. Over time, as a well produces, the Fund may recover a portion of or the entire management fee that may have been paid out of capital contributions.
Distributions are funded from cash flow from operations, and the frequency and amount are within the Manager’s discretion subject to available cash from operations, reserve requirements and Fund operations.
The capital raised by the Fund in its private placement is more than likely all the capital it will be able to obtain for investments in projects. The number of projects in which the Fund can invest will naturally be limited and each unsuccessful project the Fund experiences, if any, will not only reduce its ability to generate revenue, but also exhaust its limited supply of capital. Typically, the Manager seeks an investment portfolio that combines high and low risk exploratory projects.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Fund had no off-balance sheet arrangements as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and does not anticipate the use of such arrangements in the future.
Contractual Obligations
The Fund enters into operating agreements with operators. On behalf of the Fund, an operator enters into various contractual commitments pertaining to exploration, development and production activities. The Fund does not discuss or negotiate any such contracts. No contractual obligations exist at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 other than those discussed in “Estimated Capital Expenditures” above.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not required.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
In accordance with Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15, the Fund carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Fund’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2008.
There has been no change in the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There have been no changes to the legal proceedings disclosed in the Fund’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Not required.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSIONS OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
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31.1 | | Certification of Robert E. Swanson, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). |
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31.2 | | Certification of Kathleen P. McSherry, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). |
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32 | | Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed by Robert E. Swanson, Chief Executive Officer of the Fund and Kathleen P. McSherry, Chief Financial Officer of the Fund. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
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Dated: August 5, 2008 | | | | RIDGEWOOD ENERGY P FUND, LLC |
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| By: | /s/ | | ROBERT E. SWANSON |
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| | Name: | | Robert E. Swanson |
| | Title: | | President and Chief Executive Officer |
| | | | (Principal Executive Officer) |
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Dated: August 5, 2008 | | | | |
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| By: | /s/ | | KATHLEEN P. McSHERRY |
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| | Name: | | Kathleen P. McSherry |
| | Title: | | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
| | | | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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