Incentive Plans | 12. INCENTIVE PLANS Share-Based Incentive Plan Awards A description of Lazard Ltd’s 2008 Plan and 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”) and activity with respect thereto during the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 is presented below. Shares Available Under the 2008 Plan and 2005 Plan The 2008 Plan authorizes the issuance of shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the grant or exercise of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) and other share-based awards. Under the 2008 Plan, the maximum number of shares available is based on a formula that limits the aggregate number of shares that may, at any time, be subject to awards that are considered “outstanding” under the 2008 Plan to 30% of the then-outstanding shares of Class A common stock. The 2005 Plan authorized the issuance of up to 25,000,000 shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the grant or exercise of stock options, stock appreciation rights, RSUs and other share-based awards. Each RSU or similar award granted under the 2005 Plan represents a contingent right to receive one share of Class A common stock, at no cost to the recipient. The fair value of such awards is generally determined based on the closing market price of Class A common stock at the date of grant. The 2005 Plan expired in the second quarter of 2015, although unvested awards granted under the 2005 Plan remain outstanding and continue to be subject to its terms. The following reflects the amortization expense recorded with respect to share-based incentive plans within “compensation and benefits” expense (with respect to RSUs, PRSUs and restricted stock awards) and “professional services” expense (with respect to deferred stock units (“DSUs”)) within the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016: Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 2016 Share-based incentive awards: RSUs $ 55,941 $ 54,408 PRSUs 11,782 16,689 Restricted Stock 9,649 23,476 DSUs 77 33 Total $ 77,449 $ 94,606 The ultimate amount of compensation and benefits expense relating to share-based awards is dependent upon the actual number of shares of Class A common stock that vest. The Company periodically assesses the forfeiture rates used for such estimates, including as a result of any applicable performance conditions. A change in estimated forfeiture rates or performance results in a cumulative adjustment to previously recorded compensation and benefits expense and also would cause the aggregate amount of compensation expense recognized in future periods to differ from the estimated unrecognized compensation expense described below. The Company’s share-based incentive plans and awards are described below. RSUs and DSUs RSUs generally require future service as a condition for the delivery of the underlying shares of Class A common stock (unless the recipient is then eligible for retirement under the Company’s retirement policy) and convert into shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis after the stipulated vesting periods. PRSUs, which are RSUs that are also subject to service-based vesting conditions, have additional performance conditions, and are described below. The grant date fair value of the RSUs, net of an estimated forfeiture rate, is amortized over the vesting periods or requisite service periods (generally one-third after two years, and the remaining two-thirds after the third year), and is adjusted for actual forfeitures over such period. RSUs generally include a dividend participation right that provides that during vesting periods each RSU is attributed additional RSUs (or fractions thereof) equivalent to any dividends paid on Class A common stock during such period. During the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, dividend participation rights required the issuance of 613,795 and 700,651 RSUs, respectively. Non-executive members of the Board of Directors of Lazard Group, who are the same Non-Executive Directors of Lazard Ltd (“Non-Executive Directors”), receive approximately 55% of their annual compensation for service on the Board of Directors and its committees in the form of DSUs, which resulted in 1,551 DSUs granted during the three month period ended March 31, 2017. Their remaining compensation is payable in cash, which they may elect to receive in the form of additional DSUs under the Directors’ Fee Deferral Unit Plan described below. DSUs are convertible into shares of Class A common stock at the time of cessation of service to the Board of Directors. DSUs include a cash dividend participation right equivalent to dividends paid on Class A common stock. The Company’s Directors’ Fee Deferral Unit Plan permits the Non-Executive Directors to elect to receive additional DSUs in lieu of some or all of their cash fees. The number of DSUs granted to a Non-Executive Director pursuant to this election will equal the value of cash fees that the applicable Non-Executive Director has elected to forego pursuant to such election, divided by the market value of a share of Class A common stock on the date immediately preceding the date of the grant. During the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, 3,555 and 2,110 DSUs, respectively, had been granted pursuant to such Plan. DSU awards are expensed at their fair value on their date of grant, inclusive of amounts related to the Directors’ Fee Deferral Unit Plan. The following is a summary of activity relating to RSUs and DSUs during the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016: RSUs DSUs Units Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Units Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Balance, January 1, 2017 11,698,138 $ 40.65 276,725 $ 36.05 Granted (including 613,795 RSUs relating to dividend participation) 4,926,935 $ 43.05 5,106 $ 42.91 Forfeited (19,077 ) $ 39.88 - Vested (3,621,454 ) $ 45.53 - Balance, March 31, 2017 12,984,542 $ 40.20 281,831 $ 36.18 Balance, January 1, 2016 9,599,658 $ 44.06 312,670 $ 35.98 Granted (including 700,651 RSUs relating to dividend participation) 6,140,020 $ 34.54 2,110 $ 31.47 Forfeited (55,826 ) $ 41.58 - - Vested (4,100,192 ) $ 39.12 - - Balance, March 31, 2016 11,583,660 $ 40.78 314,780 $ 35.95 In connection with RSUs that vested during the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company satisfied its minimum statutory tax withholding requirements in lieu of delivering 1,229,531 and 1,327,399 shares of Class A common stock during such respective three month periods. Accordingly, 2,391,923 and 2,772,793 shares of Class A common stock held by the Company were delivered during the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of March 31, 2017, estimated unrecognized RSU compensation expense was approximately $260,079, with such expense expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.0 year subsequent to March 31, 2017. Restricted Stock The following is a summary of activity related to shares of restricted Class A common stock associated with compensation arrangements during the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016: Restricted Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Balance, January 1, 2017 1,655,073 $ 40.95 Granted 841,355 $ 42.58 Forfeited (11,087 ) $ 41.38 Vested (263,457 ) $ 47.93 Balance, March 31, 2017 2,221,884 $ 40.73 Balance, January 1, 2016 713,738 $ 47.12 Granted 1,795,258 $ 36.78 Forfeited (25,662 ) $ 39.89 Vested (627,110 ) $ 36.61 Balance, March 31, 2016 1,856,224 $ 40.77 In connection with shares of restricted Class A common stock that vested during the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company satisfied its minimum statutory tax withholding requirements in lieu of delivering 108,239 and 77,795 shares of Class A common stock during such respective three month periods. Accordingly, 155,218 and 549,315 shares of Class A common stock held by the Company were delivered during the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The restricted stock awards include a cash dividend participation right equivalent to dividends paid on Class A common stock during the period, which will vest concurrently with the underlying restricted stock award. At March 31, 2017, estimated unrecognized restricted stock expense was approximately $55,675, with such expense to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.9 years subsequent to March 31, 2017. PRSUs PRSUs are RSUs that are subject to both performance-based and service-based vesting conditions. The number of shares of Class A common stock that a recipient will receive upon vesting of a PRSU will be calculated by reference to certain performance metrics that relate to Lazard Ltd’s performance over a three-year period. The target number of shares of Class A common stock subject to each PRSU is one; however, based on the achievement of the performance criteria, the number of shares of Class A common stock that may be received in connection with each PRSU generally can range from zero to two times the target number. PRSUs will vest on a single date three years following the date of the grant, provided the applicable service and performance conditions are satisfied. In addition, the performance metrics applicable to each PRSU will be evaluated on an annual basis at the end of each fiscal year during the performance period and, if Lazard Ltd has achieved a threshold level of performance with respect to the fiscal year, 25% of the target number of shares of Class A common stock subject to each PRSU will no longer be at risk of forfeiture based on the achievement of performance criteria. PRSUs include dividend participation rights that provide that during vesting periods, the target number of PRSUs (or, following the relevant performance period, the actual number of shares of Class A common stock that are no longer subject to performance conditions) receive dividend equivalents at the same rate that dividends are paid on Class A common stock during such periods. These dividend equivalents are credited as RSUs that are not subject to the performance-based vesting criteria but are otherwise subject to the same restrictions as the underlying PRSUs to which they relate. The following is a summary of activity relating to PRSUs during the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016: PRSUs Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Balance, January 1, 2017 1,590,756 $ 40.76 Granted (a) 458,113 $ 43.76 Vested (752,770 ) $ 42.26 Balance, March 31, 2017 1,296,099 $ 40.95 Balance, January 1, 2016 1,019,038 $ 44.49 Granted (a) 627,956 $ 32.91 Vested (417,018 ) $ 38.43 Balance, March 31, 2016 1,229,976 $ 40.63 (a) Represents PRSU awards granted during the relevant year at the target payout level. In connection with certain PRSUs that vested during the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company satisfied its minimum statutory tax withholding requirements in lieu of delivering 85,629 and 64,169 shares of Class A common stock during such respective three month periods. Accordingly, 667,141 and 352,849 shares of Class A common stock held by the Company were delivered during the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Compensation expense recognized for PRSU awards is determined by multiplying the number of shares of Class A common stock underlying such awards that, based on the Company’s estimate, are considered probable of vesting, by the grant date fair value. As of March 31, 2017, the total estimated unrecognized compensation expense was approximately $20,853, and the Company expects to amortize such expense over a weighted-average period of approximately 0.7 years subsequent to March 31, 2017. LFI and Other Similar Deferred Compensation Arrangements Commencing in February 2011, the Company granted LFI to eligible employees. In connection with LFI and other similar deferred compensation arrangements, which generally require future service as a condition for vesting, the Company recorded a prepaid compensation asset and a corresponding compensation liability on the grant date based upon the fair value of the award. The prepaid asset is amortized on a straight-line basis over the applicable vesting periods or requisite service periods (which are generally similar to the comparable periods for RSUs), and is charged to “compensation and benefits” expense within the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations. LFI and similar deferred compensation arrangements that do not require future service are expensed immediately. The related compensation liability is accounted for at fair value as a derivative liability, which contemplates the impact of estimated forfeitures, and is adjusted for changes in fair value primarily related to changes in value of the underlying investments. The following is a summary of activity relating to LFI and other similar deferred compensation arrangements during the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016: Prepaid Compensation Asset Compensation Liability Balance, January 1, 2017 $ 49,650 $ 170,388 Granted 77,580 77,580 Settled - (81,559 ) Forfeited (93 ) (133 ) Amortization (12,491 ) - Change in fair value related to: Increase in fair value of underlying investments - 7,353 Adjustment for estimated forfeitures - 532 Other (12 ) 579 Balance, March 31, 2017 $ 114,634 $ 174,740 Prepaid Compensation Asset Compensation Liability Balance, January 1, 2016 $ 75,703 $ 193,574 Granted 51,871 51,871 Settled - (64,488 ) Forfeited (340 ) (681 ) Amortization (19,436 ) - Change in fair value related to: Decrease in fair value of underlying investments - (2,514 ) Adjustment for estimated forfeitures - 1,804 Other 132 913 Balance, March 31, 2016 $ 107,930 $ 180,479 The amortization of the prepaid compensation asset will generally be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.0 year subsequent to March 31, 2017. The following is a summary of the impact of LFI and other similar deferred compensation arrangements on “compensation and benefits” expense within the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016: Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 2016 Amortization, net of forfeitures $ 12,983 $ 20,899 Change in the fair value of underlying investments 7,353 (2,514 ) Total $ 20,336 $ 18,385 |