Supplemental Oil and Natural Gas Data (Unaudited) | The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the “Consolidated Financial Statements” and “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements,” which are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” Costs Incurred in Oil and Natural Gas Property Acquisition, Exploration and Development Activities Costs incurred in oil and natural gas property acquisition, exploration and development, whether capitalized or expensed, are presented below: Successor Predecessor Ten Months Ended December 31, 2017 Two Months Ended February 28, 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands) LINN Energy: Property acquisition costs: Proved $ — $ — $ — $ — Unproved — — — — Exploration costs 103,689 15,153 40,074 19,929 Development costs 96,178 24,256 86,053 264,227 Asset retirement costs 376 312 112 3,331 Total costs incurred – continuing operations $ 200,243 $ 39,721 $ 126,239 $ 287,487 Total costs incurred – discontinued operations $ 1,313 $ 269 $ 11,453 $ 167,049 Four Months Ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Equity method investments (1) Property acquisition costs: Proved $ — Unproved 6,851 Exploration costs 3,626 Development costs 89,585 Total costs incurred $ 100,062 (1) Represents the Company’s 50% equity interest in Roan. Costs incurred of Roan for 2017 is for the period from September 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017 . Oil and Natural Gas Capitalized Costs Aggregate capitalized costs related to oil, natural gas and NGL production activities with applicable accumulated depletion and amortization are presented below: Successor Predecessor December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (in thousands) LINN Energy: Proved properties $ 904,390 $ 12,234,099 Unproved properties 45,693 998,860 950,083 13,232,959 Less accumulated depletion and amortization (49,619 ) (9,999,560 ) 900,464 3,233,399 Less oil and natural gas capitalized costs, net – discontinued operations — (728,190 ) $ 900,464 $ 2,505,209 December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Equity Method Investments: (1) Proved properties $ 400,682 Unproved properties 538,703 939,385 Less accumulated depletion and amortization (28,441 ) $ 910,944 (1) Represents the Company’s 50% equity interest in Roan. Results of Oil and Natural Gas Producing Activities The results of operations for oil, natural gas and NGL producing activities (excluding corporate overhead and interest costs): Successor Predecessor Ten Months Ended December 31, 2017 Two Months Ended February 28, 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands) LINN Energy: Revenues and other: Oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids sales $ 709,363 $ 188,885 $ 874,161 $ 1,065,795 Gains (losses) on oil and natural gas derivatives 13,533 92,691 (164,330 ) 1,027,014 722,896 281,576 709,831 2,092,809 Production costs: Lease operating expenses 208,446 49,665 296,891 352,077 Transportation expenses 113,128 25,972 161,574 167,023 Severance taxes, ad valorem taxes and California carbon allowances 47,411 14,851 66,616 97,732 368,985 90,488 525,081 616,832 Other costs: Exploration costs 3,137 93 4,080 9,473 Depletion and amortization 101,360 39,689 295,889 471,046 Impairment of long-lived assets — — 165,044 4,960,144 (Gains) losses on sale of assets and other, net (678,200 ) 18 417 (199,296 ) Income tax benefit (4,640 ) (166 ) (649 ) (2,721 ) (578,343 ) 39,634 464,781 5,238,646 Results of operations – continuing operations $ 932,254 $ 151,454 $ (280,031 ) $ (3,762,669 ) Results of operations – discontinued operations $ 142,175 $ 1,246 $ (1,076,407 ) $ (844,754 ) There is no federal tax provision included in the Predecessor’s results above because the Predecessor’s subsidiaries subject to federal income taxes did not own any of the Predecessor’s oil and natural gas interests. Limited liability companies are subject to Texas margin tax. See Note 17 for additional information about income taxes. Four Months Ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Equity Method Investments: (1) Revenues and other: Oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids sales $ 42,322 Losses on oil and natural gas derivatives (4,591 ) 37,731 Production costs: Lease operating expenses 4,102 Transportation expenses 4,576 Severance taxes and ad valorem taxes 1,026 9,704 Other costs: Exploration costs 3,626 Depletion and amortization 11,371 14,997 Results of operations $ 13,030 (1) Represents the Company’s 50% equity interest in Roan. Results of oil and natural gas producing activities of Roan for 2017 is for the period from September 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017 . There is no tax provision included in Roan’s results above because Roan is not subject to federal income taxes. Proved Oil, Natural Gas and NGL Reserves The proved reserves of oil, natural gas and NGL of the Company have been prepared by the independent engineering firm, DeGolyer and MacNaughton. In accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulations, reserves at December 31, 2017 , December 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , were estimated using the average price during the 12-month period, determined as an unweighted average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month, excluding escalations based upon future conditions. An analysis of the change in estimated quantities of oil, natural gas and NGL reserves, all of which are located within the U.S., is shown below: Successor Year Ended December 31, 2017 Natural Gas (Bcf) Oil (MMBbls) NGL (MMBbls) Total Continuing Operations (Bcfe) Total Discontinued Operations (Bcfe) Total (Bcfe) LINN Energy: Proved developed and undeveloped reserves: Beginning of year 2,290 72.6 104.1 3,350 170 3,520 Revisions of previous estimates (102 ) (5.6 ) 9.7 (78 ) — (78 ) Sales of minerals in place (754 ) (37.0 ) (39.6 ) (1,213 ) (164 ) (1,377 ) Extensions and discoveries 90 3.7 4.9 142 — 142 Production (147 ) (6.6 ) (7.6 ) (233 ) (6 ) (239 ) End of year 1,377 27.1 71.5 1,968 — 1,968 Proved developed reserves: Beginning of year 2,118 66.7 94.4 3,084 170 3,254 End of year 1,323 27.0 70.5 1,908 — 1,908 Proved undeveloped reserves: Beginning of year 172 5.9 9.7 266 — 266 End of year 54 0.1 1.0 60 — 60 Four Months Ended December 31, 2017 Natural Gas (Bcf) Oil (MMBbls) NGL (MMBbls) Total (Bcfe) Equity Method Investments: (1) Proved developed and undeveloped reserves: Beginning of period 173 10.3 17.8 342 Revisions of previous estimates (14 ) (2.6 ) (1.9 ) (42 ) Extensions and discoveries 189 11.4 24.3 403 Production (5 ) (0.4 ) (0.4 ) (9 ) End of year 343 18.7 39.8 694 Proved developed reserves: Beginning of year 95 4.5 7.9 169 End of year 130 6.2 12.0 239 Proved undeveloped reserves: Beginning of year 78 5.8 9.9 173 End of year 213 12.5 27.8 455 (1) Represents the Company’s 50% equity interest in Roan. Predecessor Year Ended December 31, 2016 Natural Gas (Bcf) Oil (MMBbls) NGL (MMBbls) Total Continuing Operations (Bcfe) Total Discontinued Operations (Bcfe) Total (Bcfe) LINN Energy: Proved developed and undeveloped reserves: Beginning of year 2,212 74.3 97.0 3,240 1,248 4,488 Revisions of previous estimates — (3.8 ) 1.2 (16 ) (192 ) (208 ) Extensions and discoveries 265 10.1 15.2 417 11 428 Production (187 ) (8.0 ) (9.3 ) (291 ) (93 ) (384 ) Deconsolidation of Berry Petroleum, LLC proved reserves — — — — (804 ) (804 ) End of year 2,290 72.6 104.1 3,350 170 3,520 Proved developed reserves: Beginning of year 2,212 74.3 97.0 3,240 1,248 4,488 End of year 2,118 66.7 94.4 3,084 170 3,254 Proved undeveloped reserves: Beginning of year — — — — — — End of year 172 5.9 9.7 266 — 266 Predecessor Year Ended December 31, 2015 Natural Gas (Bcf) Oil (MMBbls) NGL (MMBbls) Total Continuing Operations (Bcfe) Total Discontinued Operations (Bcfe) Total (Bcfe) LINN Energy: Proved developed and undeveloped reserves: Beginning of year 3,552 147.8 146.3 5,318 1,986 7,304 Revisions of previous estimates (1,137 ) (62.4 ) (38.7 ) (1,743 ) (636 ) (2,379 ) Sales of minerals in place (13 ) (4.1 ) (2.0 ) (50 ) — (50 ) Extensions and discoveries 10 3.0 0.8 32 15 47 Production (200 ) (10.0 ) (9.4 ) (317 ) (117 ) (434 ) End of year 2,212 74.3 97.0 3,240 1,248 4,488 Proved developed reserves: Beginning of year 2,981 104.2 117.5 4,312 1,506 5,818 End of year 2,212 74.3 97.0 3,240 1,248 4,488 Proved undeveloped reserves: Beginning of year 571 43.6 28.8 1,006 480 1,486 End of year — — — — — — The tables above include changes in estimated quantities of oil and NGL reserves shown in Mcf equivalents using the ratio of one barrel to six Mcf. Reserves for the Company’s California properties and Berry are reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Proved reserves from continuing operations decreased by approximately 1,382 Bcfe to approximately 1,968 Bcfe for the year ended December 31, 2017 , from 3,350 Bcfe for the year ended December 31, 2016 . The year ended December 31, 2017 , includes approximately 78 Bcfe of negative revisions of previous estimates ( 264 Bcfe of negative revisions due to asset performance partially offset by 186 Bcfe of positive revisions due to higher commodity prices). During the year ended December 31, 2017 , several divestitures decreased reserves by approximately 1,213 Bcfe (see Note 4 for additional information of divestitures). In addition, extensions and discoveries, primarily from 90 productive wells drilled during the year, contributed approximately 142 Bcfe to the increase in proved reserves. Proved reserves from continuing operations increased by approximately 110 Bcfe to approximately 3,350 Bcfe for the year ended December 31, 2016 , from 3,240 Bcfe for the year ended December 31, 2015 . The year ended December 31, 2016 , includes approximately 16 Bcfe of negative revisions of previous estimates ( 97 Bcfe of negative revisions due to lower commodity prices partially offset by 81 Bcfe of positive revisions due to asset performance). In addition, extensions and discoveries, primarily from 211 productive wells drilled during the year, contributed approximately 417 Bcfe to the increase in proved reserves. Proved reserves from continuing operations decreased by approximately 2,078 Bcfe to approximately 3,240 Bcfe for the year ended December 31, 2015 , from 5,318 Bcfe for the year ended December 31, 2014. The year ended December 31, 2015 , includes approximately 1,743 Bcfe of negative revisions of previous estimates ( 1,332 Bcfe due to lower commodity prices, 197 Bcfe due to uncertainty regarding the Company’s future commitment to capital and 237 Bcfe due to the SEC five-year development limitation on PUDs, partially offset by 23 Bcfe of positive revisions due to asset performance). During the year ended December 31, 2015 , divestitures including the Howard County Assets Sale decreased proved reserves by approximately 50 Bcfe. In addition, extensions and discoveries, primarily from 388 productive wells drilled during the year, contributed approximately 32 Bcfe to the increase in proved reserves. As a result of the uncertainty regarding the Company’s future commitment to capital, the Company reclassified all of its PUDs to unproved at December 31, 2015 . Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows and Changes Therein Relating to Proved Reserves Information with respect to the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved reserves is summarized below. Future cash inflows are computed by applying applicable prices relating to the Company’s proved reserves to the year-end quantities of those reserves. Future production, development, site restoration and abandonment costs are derived based on current costs assuming continuation of existing economic conditions. Future income tax expenses are calculated by applying the year-end statutory tax rates (with consideration of any known future changes) to the pretax net cash flows, reduced by the applicable tax basis and giving effect to any tax deductions, tax credits and allowances relating to the proved oil and natural gas reserves. There are no future income tax expenses at December 31, 2016, or December 31, 2015, because the Predecessor was not subject to federal income taxes. Limited liability companies are subject to Texas margin tax; however, these amounts were not material. See Note 17 for additional information about income taxes. December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) LINN Energy: Future cash inflows $ 6,730,186 $ 9,856,698 $ 10,396,598 Future production costs (3,810,932 ) (5,755,460 ) (6,576,424 ) Future development costs (486,989 ) (917,262 ) (722,685 ) Future income tax expenses (303,803 ) — — Future net cash flows 2,128,462 3,183,976 3,097,489 10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows (1,083,331 ) (1,488,219 ) (1,404,304 ) Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows – continuing operations $ 1,045,131 $ 1,695,757 $ 1,693,185 Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows – discontinued operations $ — $ 232,941 $ 1,340,360 Representative NYMEX prices: (1) Natural gas (MMBtu) $ 2.98 $ 2.48 $ 2.59 Oil (Bbl) $ 51.34 $ 42.64 $ 50.16 (1) In accordance with SEC regulations, reserves were estimated using the average price during the 12-month period, determined as an unweighted average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month, excluding escalations based upon future conditions. The average price used to estimate reserves is held constant over the life of the reserves. December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Equity Method Investments: (1) Future cash inflows $ 2,635,233 Future production costs (832,362 ) Future development costs (372,884 ) Future net cash flows 1,429,987 10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows (832,152 ) Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows $ 597,835 Representative NYMEX prices: (2) Natural gas (MMBtu) $ 2.98 Oil (Bbl) $ 51.34 (1) Represents the Company’s 50% equity interest in Roan. (2) In accordance with SEC regulations, reserves were estimated using the average price during the 12-month period, determined as an unweighted average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month, excluding escalations based upon future conditions. The average price used to estimate reserves is held constant over the life of the reserves. There are no future income tax expenses at December 31, 2017 , because Roan is not subject to federal income taxes. The following table summarizes the principal sources of change in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) LINN Energy: Sales and transfers of oil, natural gas and NGL produced during the period $ (438,775 ) $ (349,080 ) $ (448,963 ) Changes in estimated future development costs (5,276 ) 19,460 953,393 Net change in sales and transfer prices and production costs related to future production 400,411 (92,236 ) (5,313,449 ) Sales of minerals in place (685,050 ) — (97,785 ) Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery 187,223 221,765 46,487 Previously estimated development costs incurred during the period 9,704 — 84,329 Net change due to revisions in quantity estimates (65,935 ) 10,387 (939,030 ) Net change in income taxes (155,257 ) — — Accretion of discount 169,576 169,318 707,085 Changes in production rates and other (67,247 ) 22,958 (369,736 ) Change – continuing operations $ (650,626 ) $ 2,572 $ (5,377,669 ) Change – discontinued operations $ (232,941 ) $ (1,107,419 ) $ (4,101,077 ) Four Months Ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Equity Method Investments (1) Standardized measure – Beginning of period $ 304,900 Sales and transfers of oil, natural gas and NGL produced during the period (32,618 ) Changes in estimated future development costs (14,617 ) Net change in sales and transfer prices and production costs related to future production 33,912 Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery 270,737 Previously estimated development costs incurred during the period 89,457 Net change due to revisions in quantity estimates (47,222 ) Accretion of discount 10,163 Changes in production rates and other (16,877 ) Net increase 292,935 Standardized measure – End of year $ 597,835 (1) Represents the Company’s 50% equity interest in Roan. Changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows of Roan for 2017 is for the period from September 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017 . The data presented should not be viewed as representing the expected cash flow from, or current value of, existing proved reserves since the computations are based on a large number of estimates and assumptions. The required projection of production and related expenditures over time requires further estimates with respect to pipeline availability, rates of demand and governmental control. Actual future prices and costs are likely to be substantially different from the current prices and costs utilized in the computation of reported amounts. Any analysis or evaluation of the reported amounts should give specific recognition to the computational methods utilized and the limitations inherent therein. |