Supplemental Information on Oil and Natural Gas Operations (Unaudited) | Note 16. Supplemental Information on Oil and Natural Gas Operations (Unaudited) The following disclosures provide supplemental unaudited information regarding the Company’s oil, natural gas and NGL activities, which were entirely within the United States. Capitalized Costs Relating to Oil, Natural Gas and NGL Producing Activities Aggregate capitalized costs related to oil and natural gas production activities with applicable accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment are as follows: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Oil and natural gas properties Proved properties $ 1,538,379 $ 750,492 Unproved properties 1,089,954 1,126,459 Total oil and natural gas properties 2,628,333 1,876,951 Accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment (230,836 ) (78,307 ) Oil and natural gas properties, net $ 2,397,497 $ 1,798,644 Costs Incurred in Oil and Natural Gas Property Acquisition, Exploration and Development Costs incurred in oil, natural gas and NGL property acquisition, exploration and development activities are summarized as follows: December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (in thousands) Acquisition costs of properties Proved properties $ 5,655 $ 214,647 $ 1,079 Unproved properties 42,738 1,018,978 93,705 Development costs 719,198 390,991 152,284 Exploratory (1) 7,257 8,538 — Total costs incurred $ 774,848 $ 1,633,154 $ 247,068 (1) Includes seismic costs. Results of Operations for Oil, Natural Gas and NGL Producing Activities The following table sets forth the Company’s results of operations for oil, natural gas and NGL producing activities for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016: Years Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (in thousands) Oil, natural gas and NGL sales $ 439,767 $ 166,385 $ 54,965 Production expenses 47,600 16,872 5,090 Production taxes 17,579 3,685 1,087 Exploration expenses 43,303 28,154 — Gathering, transportation and processing (1) — 18,602 5,920 Depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion 123,062 37,376 24,996 Impairment — 4,475 5,258 Income tax expense (2) 13,103 — — Results of operations $ 195,120 $ 57,221 $ 12,614 (1) Gathering, transportation and processing for the year ended December 31, 2018 reflects the adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASC 606 requires certain costs that were previously recorded as gathering, processing and transportation expenses to be accounted for as a deduction from revenue. We elected the modified retrospective method of transition. Accordingly, comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under the previous revenue standard. (2) Income tax expense is calculated using results from the period after the Reorganization when the Company became a taxable entity and the Company’s effective tax rate of 24.3% . Oil, Natural Gas and NGL Reserves Proved reserves were estimated in accordance with guidelines established by the SEC, which require that reserve estimates be prepared under existing economic and operating conditions based upon the 12-month unweighted average of the first day of the month prices. Proved reserves are estimated volumes of oil, natural gas, and NGLs that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty are recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved reserves, and projecting future production rates and timing of future development costs. The following table sets forth proved reserves during the periods indicated: Oil (MBbls) Natural Gas (MMcf) NGLs (MBbls) Total (MBoe) Proved reserves at December 31, 2015 387 8,517 678 2,484 Purchases of reserves 22 333 33 111 Extensions and discoveries 2,632 33,218 2,956 11,124 Revisions of previous estimates 598 4,145 398 1,687 Production (740 ) (6,382 ) (546 ) (2,350 ) Proved reserves at December 31, 2016 2,900 39,831 3,519 13,057 Purchases of reserves 9,843 163,638 16,870 53,986 Extensions and discoveries 30,554 486,510 61,599 173,238 Revisions of previous estimates (3,583 ) 20,844 (260 ) (369 ) Production (2,294 ) (24,953 ) (2,150 ) (8,603 ) Proved reserves at December 31, 2017 37,420 685,869 79,578 231,309 Purchases of reserves — — — — Extensions and discoveries 34,714 451,750 48,791 158,797 Revisions of previous estimates (12,087 ) (184,547 ) (25,365 ) (68,209 ) Production (4,364 ) (41,890 ) (4,592 ) (15,938 ) Proved reserves at December 31, 2018 55,683 911,182 98,412 305,959 At December 31, 2018 , the Company had approximately 305,959 MBoe of proved reserves. During 2018, the Company drilled 214 gross wells. This continued development of the Company’s acreage and the drilling activity of other operators in the area with consideration of the Company’s development plan resulted in extensions and discoveries of 158,797 MBoe. Revisions of previous estimates for the year ended December 31, 2018 reflect downward revisions of 33,342 MBoe associated with production performance and downward revisions of 36,038 MBoe that resulted from reworking of the Company’s development plan, primarily driven by changes in wellbore lateral length and well density. The Company’s current development plan reflects allocation of capital with a focus on efficiencies, recoveries and rates of return. The impact of pricing on revisions of previous estimates was minimal. At December 31, 2017, the Company had approximately 231,309 MBoe of proved reserves. During 2017, the Company acquired unproved leasehold acreage and drilled 93 gross wells. The Company’s drilling activity and the drilling activity of other operators in the area resulted in extensions and discoveries of 173,238 MBoe. Purchase of reserves of 53,986 MBoe reflects the reserves acquired in the Linn Acquisition. Revisions of previous estimates reflects upward revisions associated with increases in pricing of 3,277 MBoe, offset by downward revisions associated with performance of 3,646 MBoe. The purchase of reserves and extensions and discoveries were the primary drivers in the increase in reserves from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2016, the Company had approximately 13,057 MBoe of proved reserves. During 2016, Citizen acquired approximately 62,500 net acres of unproved leasehold. Citizen’s drilling of 55 gross wells and the drilling activity of other operators in the area resulted in extensions and discoveries of 11,124 MBoe. Additionally, the Company had additions to reserves during 2016 of 111 MBoe from purchase of reserves and 1,687 MBoe as a result of revisions of previous estimates due to well performance. Extensions and discoveries were the primary driver in the increase in proved reserves from December 31, 2015 to December 31, 2016. The following reserve information sets forth the estimated quantities of proved developed and proved undeveloped (“PUD”) oil, natural gas and NGL reserves of the Company as of December 31, 2018 , 2017, and 2016: December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Proved Developed Reserves Oil (MBbls) 18,652 12,352 2,900 Natural gas (MMcf) 369,677 259,193 39,831 NGL (MBbls) 39,927 24,034 3,519 Total (MBoe) 120,192 79,585 13,057 Proved Undeveloped Reserves Oil (MBbls) 37,031 25,068 — Natural gas (MMcf) 541,505 426,676 — NGL (MBbls) 58,485 55,544 — Total (MBoe) 185,767 151,724 — Total Proved Reserves Oil (MBbls) 55,683 37,420 2,900 Natural gas (MMcf) 911,182 685,869 39,831 NGL (MBbls) 98,412 79,578 3,519 Total (MBoe) 305,959 231,309 13,057 In accordance with SEC regulations, the Company uses the 12-month average price calculated as the unweighted arithmetic average of the spot price on the first day of each month within the 12-month period prior to the end of the reporting period. The oil and natural gas prices used in computing the Company’s reserves as of December 31, 2018 , 2017, and 2016 were $65.66 , $51.34 , and $42.64 per barrel of oil, respectively, $3.16 , $2.98 , and $2.48 per MMBtu of natural gas, respectively. The NGL prices used in computing the Company’s reserves as of December 31, 2018 , 2017, and 2016 were $20.35 , $19.00 , and $15.26 per barrel, respectively. Approximately 93% of our proved reserve estimates as of December 31, 2018 were prepared by DeGolyer and MacNaughton, our independent reserve engineers. Our personnel prepared reserve estimates with respect to the remaining approximate 7% of our proved reserves as of December 31, 2018. All estimates of proved reserves are determined according to the rules prescribed by the SEC in existence at the time estimates were made. These rules require that the standard of “reasonable certainty” be applied to proved reserve estimates, which is defined as having a high degree of confidence that the quantities will be recovered. A high degree of confidence exists if the quantity is much more likely to be achieved than not, and, as more technical and economic data becomes available, a positive or upward revision or no revision is much more likely than a negative or downward revision. Estimates are subject to revision based upon a number of factors, including many factors beyond the Company’s control such as reservoir performance, prices, economic conditions, and government restrictions. In addition, results of drilling, testing, and production subsequent to the date of an estimate may justify revision of that estimate. Reserve estimates are often different from the quantities of oil, natural gas, and NGLs that are ultimately recovered. Estimating quantities of proved oil, natural gas and NGL reserves is a complex process that involves significant interpretations and assumptions and cannot be measured in an exact manner. It requires interpretations and judgment of available technical data, including the evaluation of available geological, geophysical and engineering data. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is highly dependent on the quality of available data, the accuracy of the assumptions on which they are based upon, economic factors, such as oil, natural gas and NGL prices, production costs, severance and excise taxes, capital expenditures, workover and remedial costs, and the assumed effects of governmental regulation. In addition, due to the lack of substantial, if any, production data, there are greater uncertainties in estimating PUD reserves, proved developed non-producing reserves and proved developed reserves that are early in their production life. As a result, the Company’s reserve estimates are inherently imprecise. The meaningfulness of reserve estimates is highly dependent on the accuracy of the assumptions on which they were based. In general, the volume of production from oil and natural gas properties the Company owns declines as reserves are depleted. Except to the extent the Company conducts successful exploration and development activities or acquires additional properties containing proved reserves, or both, the Company’s proved reserves will decline as reserves are produced. Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows The following summary sets forth the Company’s standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating from its proved oil, natural gas and NGL reserves. December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (in thousands) Future cash inflows $ 7,325,386 $ 5,270,465 $ 271,428 Future production costs (1,773,779 ) (1,664,724 ) (102,817 ) Future development costs (1,294,565 ) (745,769 ) — Future income tax expense (1) (797,247 ) — — Future net cash flows 3,459,795 2,859,972 168,611 Discount to present value at 10% annual rate (1,760,094 ) (1,664,303 ) (50,339 ) Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows $ 1,699,701 $ 1,195,669 $ 118,272 (1) Roan Inc. is a corporation, and as a result, is subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes. Our accounting predecessor, Roan LLC, passed through its taxable income to its owners for income tax purposes and thus was not subject to U.S. federal or state income taxes. Principal changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows attributable to the Company’s proved reserves are as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (in thousands) Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows at the beginning of the period $ 1,195,669 $ 118,272 $ 18,910 Sales of oil and natural gas, net of production costs (374,588 ) (124,526 ) (42,868 ) Acquisition of reserves — 279,026 462 Extensions and discoveries, net of future development costs 1,126,713 877,846 104,581 Previously estimated development costs incurred during the period 124,822 148,505 — Net changes in prices and production costs 172,928 36,233 18,256 Changes in estimated future development costs (13,160 ) (17,970 ) — Revisions of previous quantity estimates (281,054 ) (5,676 ) 15,573 Accretion of discount 119,567 11,827 1,891 Net change in income taxes (1) (391,808 ) — — Net changes in timing of production and other 20,612 (127,868 ) 1,467 Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows at the end of the period $ 1,699,701 $ 1,195,669 $ 118,272 (1) Roan Inc. is a corporation, and as a result, is subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes. Our accounting predecessor, Roan LLC, passed through its taxable income to its owners for income tax purposes and thus was not subject to U.S. federal or state income taxes. |