Summary of significant accounting policies | Summary of significant accounting policies Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and applicable disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant estimates made by management in the preparation of the financial statements relate to the following: • licensing revenue terms applied to the timing and number of motion picture exhibitor consumer admissions; • domestic eyewear product revenue terms applied to when the usage occurs and the amount of usage; • deferred costs of domestic eyewear product shipments; • effects of allowances that are capitalized on the balance sheet and amortized to the applicable line item on the statement of operations as expense or contra revenue and earned customer incentives when customers do not timely report the activity that result in earned allowances and incentives; • customer contract terms and their effects on revenue and balance sheet items; • fair market values of multiple deliverable components relating to sales of product, services and intellectual property; • impairment testing of goodwill, intangible assets and tangible assets, including determination of relevant reporting units and long-lived asset groups; • useful lives of intangible assets and tangible assets; • timing and amount recognized for performance-based compensation, including bonus, executive salary and executive restricted stock units, based on projections of the Company's performance achievement; • the impact of potential future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements; • valuation of accruals and allowances; • contingency assessments; and • assumptions used in the determination of the fair value of equity-based awards for stock-based compensation. Earnings (loss) per share of common stock Basic earnings (loss) per share of common stock is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to RealD's common stockholders for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share of common stock is computed by dividing income attributable to the Company’s common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive securities had been issued. Potentially dilutive securities include outstanding stock options, shares that may be purchased under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan and unvested restricted stock units. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted earnings per share of common stock by application of the treasury stock method. The calculation of the basic and diluted loss per share of common stock for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 was as follows: Three months ended Nine months ended (in thousands, except per share data) 2015 2014 2015 2014 Numerator: Net loss $ (4,282 ) $ (11,290 ) $ (4,874 ) $ (6,112 ) Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest — — — — Net loss attributable to RealD Inc. common stockholders $ (4,282 ) $ (11,290 ) $ (4,874 ) $ (6,112 ) Denominator: Weighted-average common shares outstanding (basic) 51,474 49,771 51,183 49,935 Effect of dilutive securities — — — — Weighted-average common shares outstanding (diluted) 51,474 49,771 51,183 49,935 Loss per common share: Basic $ (0.08 ) $ (0.23 ) $ (0.10 ) $ (0.12 ) Diluted $ (0.08 ) $ (0.23 ) $ (0.10 ) $ (0.12 ) The weighted-average number of anti-dilutive shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share of common stock for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 was as follows: Three months ended Nine months ended (in thousands) 2015 2014 2015 2014 Options, employee stock purchase plan, restricted stock units and performance stock units 8,833 10,944 8,912 9,678 Accounts receivable, net Accounts receivable, net, consists of trade receivables, value-added tax, or VAT, receivables, other receivables and allowance for doubtful accounts and customer credits. The Company provides credit to its customers, who are primarily in the movie production and exhibition businesses. The Company provides for the estimated accounts receivable that will not be collected. These estimates are based on an analysis of historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends and changes in the customers’ payment terms and their economic condition. Collection of accounts receivable may be affected by changes in economic or other industry conditions and may, accordingly, impact the Company’s overall credit risk. Estimated accounts receivable that will not be collected is expensed as bad debt expense as part of the Company's general and administrative costs. Credits to the Company's customers are netted against their corresponding revenues. The allowance for doubtful accounts and customer credits totaled $5.3 million and $5.9 million as of December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015 , respectively. Inventories and deferred costs-eyewear Inventories and deferred costs-eyewear mostly include RealD eyewear and are substantially all finished goods. Inventories and deferred costs-eyewear are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market value. At each balance sheet date, the Company evaluates ending inventories and deferred costs-eyewear for lower cost and market value. The Company also evaluates inventories for excess quantities and obsolescence. These evaluations include analyses of expected future average selling prices, projections of future demand and technology changes. In order to state inventories at the lower of cost or market, RealD maintains reserves against such inventories. If the Company’s analyses indicate that market is lower than cost, a write-down of inventories is recorded in cost of revenue in the period the loss is identified. As of December 31, 2015 , the inventory reserve as a result of the Company's realizable value analyses was insignificant. As of March 31, 2015 , the inventory reserve as a result of the Company’s net realizable value analyses was $0.1 million . Domestically, the Company provides RealD eyewear free of charge to motion picture exhibitors and then receives a fee from the motion picture studios for the usage of RealD eyewear by the motion picture exhibitors’ consumers. Eyewear shipped from inventory is deferred on the shipment date and then amortized to cost of product revenue according to assumptions related to eyewear usage by consumers. Internationally, the motion picture exhibitors prepay the Company for RealD eyewear ordered. Inventory shipped is recognized to cost of product revenue according to transfer of title. Globally, the Company may provide limited amount of RealD eyewear to motion picture studios for marketing purposes. Inventory shipped for marketing purposes is recognized to sales and marketing expense. Impairment of long-lived assets The Company reviews long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, cinema systems, digital projectors and intangibles, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Factors or circumstances that could indicate the occurrence of such events include current period operating or cash flow losses combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses, a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing operating or cash flow losses, or incurring costs in excess of amounts originally expected to acquire or construct an asset. If the long-term asset group carrying value is not recoverable by its estimated future cash flows (its fair value), an impairment loss is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. For the three months ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , impairment charges for all impaired cinema systems equipped with RealD 3D technology, or RealD Cinema Systems, charged to cost of revenue totaled $0.3 million and $1.3 million , respectively. For the nine months ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , impairment charges for all impaired RealD Cinema Systems charged to cost of revenue totaled $1.1 million and $2.7 million , respectively. During the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2015 , the Company terminated a portion of its operation space in Boulder, Colorado, which resulted in impairment charges for all associated leasehold improvements. Charges to cost of revenue totaled $1.1 million for both the three months and nine months ended December 31, 2015 . There were no such charges for both the three months and nine months ended December 31, 2014. Revenue recognition The Company derives substantially all of its revenue from the license of RealD Cinema Systems and the product sale or use of RealD eyewear. RealD evaluates revenue recognition for transactions using the criteria set forth by the Financial Accounting Standard Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 840, Leases , and ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition . The revenue recognition guidance states that revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company records revenue net of estimated allowances. The Company assesses revenue arrangements to determine whether multiple deliverables of its products, services and technology exist. For deliverables in multiple-element arrangements, the guidance below is applied for separability and allocation. A multiple-deliverable arrangement is separated into more than one unit of accounting if the following criteria are met: • The delivered item(s) has value to the client on a stand-alone basis; and • If the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in the control of the company. If these criteria are not met, the arrangement is accounted for as one unit of accounting which would result in revenue being recognized ratably over the contract term or being deferred until the earlier of when such criteria are met or when the last undelivered element is delivered. If these criteria are met for each deliverable and there is a relative selling price for all units of accounting in an arrangement, the arrangement consideration is allocated to the separate units of accounting based on each unit’s relative selling price. The following revenue policies are then applied to each unit of accounting, as applicable. License revenue from RealD Cinema Systems License revenue, net of lease incentives and other allowances, from RealD Cinema Systems, is accounted for as an operating lease. License revenue from RealD Cinema Systems is primarily derived under per-admission, percentage of box office, periodic fixed fee, or per-motion picture basis with motion picture exhibitors. Amounts received up front, less estimated lease incentives, are deferred and recognized over the lease term using the straight-line method. Additional lease payments that are contingent upon future events outside the Company’s control, including those related to admission and usage, are recognized as revenues when the contingency is resolved and the Company has no more obligations to its customers specific to the contingent payment received. Certain of the Company’s license revenue from leasing RealD Cinema Systems is earned upon admission by the motion picture exhibitor’s consumers. The Company’s licensees, however, do not report and pay for such license revenue until after the admission has occurred, which may be received subsequent to the Company’s fiscal period end. The Company estimates and records domestic licensing revenue related to motion picture exhibitor consumer admissions in the quarter in which the admission occurs, but only when reasonable estimates of such amounts can be made. The Company records its international licensing revenue based on actual amounts reported by motion picture exhibitors. The Company determines that there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement upon the execution of a license agreement or upon the receipt of a licensee’s admissions report. Revenue is deemed fixed or determinable upon receipt of a licensee’s admissions report or evidence of a RealD box office showing by the licensee. The Company determines collectability based on an evaluation of the licensee’s recent payment history and evaluation of the respective customer’s credit-standing. In December 2015, the Company received corrected reporting from one of its customers indicating an over-reporting to the Company of admissions between calendar years 2009 and 2015, which suggested an over recognition of license revenue of $1.3 million in total across the related periods. The Company reduced its current fiscal period license revenue by $1.3 million while it continues to finalize this matter with its customer. If the customer had not over-reported admissions to the Company during that timeframe, the Company does not believe that the historical financial statement results (adjusted on a pro-forma basis) would be materially different from those reported in its previously filed interim or annual Financial Reports. Product and other revenue The Company recognizes product revenue, net of allowances, when title and risk of loss have passed and when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, the payment is fixed or determinable, and collectability of payment is reasonably assured. In the United States and Canada, certain of the Company’s product revenue from the usage of RealD eyewear is earned upon admission and usage by the motion picture exhibitor’s consumers. The Company’s customers, however, do not report admission or usage information until after the admission and usage has occurred, and such information may be received subsequent to the Company’s fiscal period end. Accordingly, the Company estimates and records such product revenue in the quarter in which the admission and usage occurs, but only when reasonable estimates of such amounts can be made. Internationally, the motion picture exhibitors prepays for the RealD eyewear, which is deferred upon receipt of cash and earned upon shipping and transfer of title of the products. There are no estimates made in relation to international sales. The Company recognizes other revenue, including service revenue, when the consideration is earned and realized or realizable. Ongoing service revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the longer of the contractual term or the expected period during which the specified services will be rendered. Comprehensive income (loss) Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). The only component of other comprehensive income or loss is unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses). There were no reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 . Cost of revenue Cost of license revenue Major components of cost of license revenue include depreciation for RealD Cinema systems, impairment for RealD Cinema systems, salaries and benefits and shipping and handling costs in relation to transportation of RealD Cinema systems. Cost of product and other revenue Major components of cost of product and other revenue include cost for RealD eyewear, shipping and handling costs in relation to transportation of RealD eyewear, recycling costs for RealD eyewear and salaries and benefits. Shipping and handling costs Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling costs are included in both cost of license revenue and cost of product and other revenue. RealD’s shipping and handling costs consists primarily of packaging and transportation charges and are recorded in cost of revenue. Shipping and handling costs recognized in cost of revenue were $1.9 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , respectively. Shipping and handling costs recognized in cost of revenue were $6.9 million and $5.2 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , respectively. Research and development Research and development, or R&D, costs are expensed as incurred. Major components of R&D expense include salaries and benefits, depreciation for R&D assets, materials and supplies inclusive of prototypes, non-recurring engineering, payments to third parties for R&D, facilities and equipment that can only be used for a particular project and overhead allocations of various administrative and facilities costs related to R&D. Selling and marketing Selling and marketing, or S&M, costs are expensed as incurred. Major components of S&M expense include salaries and benefits, various marketing and promotional events related expenses and overhead allocations of various administrative and facilities costs related to S&M. General and administrative costs General and administrative costs principally consist of personnel costs related to our executive, legal, finance and human resources staff, professional fees including legal, financial advisory and accounting costs, occupancy costs, public company costs and bad debt expenses. Additionally, general and administrative costs include sales, use, goods and services tax, VAT and similar taxes, collectively, referred to as the Transaction Taxes, as well as property taxes. For the Company's U.S. and some of its international cinema license and product revenue, the Company absorbs the majority of the Transaction Taxes. The Transaction Taxes recognized in general and administrative costs were $1.3 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , respectively. The Transaction Taxes recognized in general and administrative costs were $4.3 million and $3.1 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , respectively. Recent accounting pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, " Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ". The new Topic 606 does not apply to lease contracts within the scope of Topic 840 " Leases ". • The primary objective of ASU 2014-09 is to provide guidance for revenue recognition. This ASU affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets. This ASU will supersede the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605 " Revenue Recognition" and most industry-specific guidance. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue recognition is anticipated to entail more judgment and more estimating than under the current guidance. • ASU 2014-09 will be implemented retrospectively with the Company choosing to either restate prior periods or recognize the cumulative effect. The Company is evaluating the impact of the new guidance on the Company’s financial statements and has not yet selected a transition approach to implement this standard. • ASU 2014-09 was originally effective for the Company starting April 1, 2017 with early adoption not permitted. In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-14, " Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) Deferral of the Effective Date ". ASU 2015-14 defers the effective date by one year but allows early adoption at the original effective date. The Company has decided to adopt 2014-09 on the new effective date of April 1, 2018 (the first quarter of fiscal year 2019). In February 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-02, " Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis ". The objective of 2015-02 is to modify the consolidation requirements of Topic 810 to ensure that reporting entities do not consolidate other legal entities in situations where deconsolidation actually more accurately represents operational and economic results. Among other changes, the amendments to ASC 810 include lessening the relevance on fees paid to a decision-maker or service provider and the related party tiebreaker test. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. This ASU may be adopted using a full retrospective approach or a modified retrospective approach by recording a cumulative effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. ASU 2015-02 will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal 2017. The guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In April 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-03, " Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs ", which changes the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements. Under the ASU 2015-03, such costs are presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of the costs is reported as interest expense. This pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2015, and early adoption is allowed for all entities for financial statements that have not been previously issued. The guidance is to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods (i.e., the balance sheet for each period is adjusted). ASU 2015-03 will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal 2017. The Company elected not to early adopt. The guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In July 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-11, " Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory ", which amended U.S. GAAP guidance issued to simplify the measurement of inventory for all entities. The amendments apply to all inventory that is measured using first-in, first-out or average cost. The guidance requires an entity to measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. This pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. ASU 2015-11 will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal 2018. The Company elected not to early adopt ASU 2015-11. The guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-15, " Interest - Imputation of Interest ", which amended U.S. GAAP guidance issued for the presentation and subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs associated with line-of-credit arrangements. The amendments clarified the SEC staff's approval to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement. This pronouncement was effective starting on August 5, 2015. The Company has adopted the guidance and there is no material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In September 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-16, " Business Combinations (Topic 805) Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments ", which eliminates the requirement that an acquirer in a business combination account for a measurement-period adjustment retrospectively. Instead, an acquirer will recognize a measurement-period adjustment during the period in which the amount of the adjustment is determined. In addition, the portion of the amount recorded in current- period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date should be presented separately on the face of the income statement or disclosed in the notes. The guidance is effective April 1, 2016 with early adoption permitted. The Company has early adopted the guidance and there is no material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In November 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-17, " Income Taxes (Topic 740), Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes ", which eliminates the current requirement for an entity to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and non-current amounts in a classified balance sheet. Instead, the ASU requires deferred tax liabilities, deferred tax assets and valuation allowances be classified as non-current in a classified balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. Additionally, this guidance may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company elected not to early adopt ASU 2015-17 and is evaluating the effect of the adoption of this ASU to its consolidated financial statements. In January 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-01, " Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Subtopic 825-10) ", which requires all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income (other than those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee). This guidance also requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. Additionally, ASU 2016-01 eliminates the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for entities that are not public business entities and the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet for public business entities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company elected not to early adopt ASU 2015-11. The guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. |