Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Basis of Presentation | ' |
Basis of Presentation |
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) and include the accounts of Vocus, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. |
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2014. The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2013 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 7, 2014. |
Use of Estimates | ' |
Use of Estimates |
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including, but not limited to, those related to the allowance for doubtful accounts, software development costs, useful lives of property, equipment and software, intangible assets and goodwill, contingent liabilities, self-insurance, revenue recognition, fair value of stock-based awards and income taxes, among others. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturity dates of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. |
Fair Value Measurements | ' |
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Fair Value Measurements |
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The Company measures certain financial assets at fair value pursuant to a fair value hierarchy based on inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value that are either observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon its own market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels: |
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Level 1 | | – | | Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
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Level 2 | | – | | Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and market-corroborated inputs which are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. |
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Level 3 | | – | | Inputs are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable. |
Long-Lived Assets | ' |
Long-Lived Assets |
Long-lived assets include property, equipment and software and intangible assets with finite lives. Intangible assets consist of customer relationships, trade names and purchased technology acquired in business combinations. Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives ranging from two to seven years. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. If an impairment indicator is present, the Company evaluates recoverability by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If the assets are impaired, the impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets. There were no impairment charges for long-lived assets for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2014. |
Goodwill | ' |
Goodwill |
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the net fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is assessed for impairment at least annually. The Company performs its annual impairment assessment on November 1, or whenever events or circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. The Company operates under one reporting unit, and as a result, evaluates goodwill impairment based on the fair value of the Company as a whole. The Company did not record any impairment charges for goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2014. |
Foreign Currency and Operations | ' |
Foreign Currency and Operations |
The reporting currency for all periods presented is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency for the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the local currency. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during the period for revenues and expenses. The resulting translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Transaction gains and losses in currencies other than the functional currency are included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations. Amounts resulting from foreign currency transactions were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2014. |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ' |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Comprehensive income (loss) includes the Company’s net income (loss) as well as other changes in stockholders’ equity that result from transactions and economic events other than those with stockholders. Other comprehensive income (loss) includes foreign currency translation adjustments and net unrealized gains and losses on investments classified as available-for-sale securities. Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2013 were not material. |
Revenue Recognition | ' |
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Revenue Recognition |
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The Company derives its revenues from subscription arrangements and related services permitting customers to access and utilize the Company’s cloud-based software. The Company also derives revenues from news distribution services sold separately from its subscription arrangements. The Company recognizes revenue when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, the service has been provided to the customer, the collection of the fee is probable and the amount of the fee to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable. The Company allocates consideration to each deliverable in multiple element arrangements based on the relative selling prices and recognizes revenue as the respective services are delivered or performed. |
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The Company’s separate units of accounting consist of its subscription services, news distribution services and professional services. The Company’s subscription services generally include access to the Company’s cloud-based software, hosting services, content and content updates and customer support. The Company’s subscription agreements typically are non-cancelable, though customers have the right to terminate their agreements for cause if the Company materially breaches its obligations under the agreement. Subscription agreements do not provide customers the right to take possession of the software at any time. |
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The Company also distributes individual news releases to the Internet which are indexed by major search engines and distributed directly to various news sites, journalists and other key constituents. The Company recognizes revenue on a per-transaction basis when the press releases are made available to the public. |
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The Company’s professional services primarily consist of data migration, custom development and training. The Company’s cloud-based software does not require significant modification and customization services. |
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The Company established vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) of the fair value for the selling price for certain of its news distribution services as the selling price for a substantial majority of stand-alone sales fall within a narrow range around the median selling price. The Company determined third-party evidence (TPE) of selling price is not available for any of its services due to differences in the features and functionality compared to competitor’s products. Therefore, the Company uses its estimated selling prices (ESP) for the remaining deliverables by analyzing multiple factors such as historical pricing trends, discounting practices, gross margin objectives and other market conditions. |
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Sales and other taxes collected from customers to be remitted to government authorities are excluded from revenues. |
Deferred Revenue | ' |
Deferred Revenue |
Deferred revenue consists of payments received from or billings to customers in advance of revenue recognition. Deferred revenue to be recognized in the succeeding twelve month period is included in current deferred revenue with the remaining amounts included in non-current deferred revenue. |
Sales Commissions | ' |
Sales Commissions |
Sales commissions are expensed when a subscription agreement is executed by the customer. |
Stock-Based Compensation | ' |
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Stock-Based Compensation |
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The Company’s outstanding share-based arrangements include stock option awards, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. The Company recognizes compensation expense for its stock option and restricted stock awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award based on the estimated portion of the award that is expected to vest and applies estimated forfeiture rates based on analyses of historical data, including termination patterns and other factors. The Company recognizes compensation expense for its restricted stock units over an accelerated expense attribution period, which separately recognizes compensation expense for each vesting tranche over its vesting period based on the estimated portion of the award that is expected to vest and applies estimated forfeiture rates based on analyses of historical data, including termination patterns and other factors. Stock options granted have a 10-year term and generally vest annually over a 4-year period. Restricted stock awards generally vest annually over a four-year period. In February 2014, the Company granted restricted stock units to certain members of its executive team which are contingent upon achievement of pre-determined performance-based criteria. The number of units that will vest range from 0% to 200% of the target shares and is also based upon continued employment of the participant over the vesting period which is three years. |
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The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to measure the fair value of stock option awards. The Company uses the daily historical volatility of its stock price over the expected life of the options to calculate the expected volatility. The Company uses a combination of its historical exercise data with expected future exercise patterns using the average midpoint between vesting and the contractual term to determine the expected term of option awards. The risk-free interest rate is based on the rate on U.S. Treasury securities with maturities consistent with the estimated expected term of the awards. The Company has not paid dividends and does not anticipate paying a cash dividend in the foreseeable future and, accordingly, uses an expected dividend yield of zero. The Company uses the quoted closing market price of its common stock on the grant date to measure the fair value of restricted stock awards. The Company estimates the fair value of restricted stock units at the date of grant using the quoted closing market price of its common stock on the grant date and the probability that the specified performance criteria will be met, adjusted for estimated forfeitures. Each quarter the Company updates its assessment of the probability that the specified performance criteria will be achieved and adjusts the estimate of the fair value of the performance-based restricted stock units if necessary. |
Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes |
Income taxes are determined utilizing the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for deductible temporary differences between the respective reported amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, as well as for operating loss and tax-credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. |
As of December 31, 2013 and March 31, 2014, the Company maintained a full valuation allowance on its U.S. and certain of its foreign deferred tax assets because management determined that it was more likely than not that it will not realize the benefits of its foreign deferred tax assets. |
The Company’s federal and state NOL carryforwards and tax credits are subject to annual limitations under Sections 382 and 383 of Internal Revenue Code. The limitations imposed under Sections 382 and 383 will not preclude the Company from realizing these NOLs and tax credits but may operate to limit their utilization of the NOLs and tax credits in any given tax year in the event that the Company’s federal and state taxable income exceeds the limitation imposed by Sections 382 and 383. |
The Company’s estimates related to liabilities for uncertain tax positions require it to make judgments regarding the sustainability of each uncertain tax position based on its technical merits. If it determines it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained based on its technical merits, the Company records the impact of the position in its consolidated financial statements at the largest amount that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The estimates are updated at each reporting date based on the facts, circumstances and information available. The Company is also required to assess at each reporting date whether it is reasonably possible that any significant increases or decreases to its unrecognized tax benefits will occur during the next twelve months. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdictions and various state and foreign jurisdictions and is subject to U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax examinations for years ranging from 2003 to 2013. |
Earnings Per Share | ' |
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Earnings Per Share |
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Basic net income or loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing net income or loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Nonvested shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units are not included in the computation of basic net income per share until vested. The Company’s outstanding grants of restricted stock do not contain non-forfeitable dividend rights. Diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. For purposes of this calculation, options to purchase common stock, nonvested shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units and shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock are considered to be common stock equivalents. |
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As the Company has issued shares of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock that participate in dividends with the common stock, the Company is required to apply the two-class method to compute the net income per share attributable to common stockholders. In periods of sufficient earnings, the two-class method assumes an allocation of undistributed earnings to both participating stock classes. |
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For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2014, the Company incurred net losses and, therefore, the effect of the Company’s outstanding stock options, nonvested shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units and redeemable convertible preferred stock was not included in the calculation of diluted loss per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2014, diluted earnings per share excluded the impact of 3,225,334 and 3,060,396 outstanding stock options, respectively, and 1,005,310 and 1,153,268 nonvested shares of restricted stock, respectively and 1,000,000 shares of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock as the result would be anti-dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2014, diluted earnings per share excluded the impact of 317,000 restricted stock units. |
Segment Data | ' |
Segment Data |
The Company’s chief operating decision maker manages the Company’s operations on a consolidated basis for purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. Accordingly, the Company reports on its business as one segment. |