UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
(Mark One)
| | |
o | | Registration statement pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
or
| | |
þ | | Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006. |
or
| | |
o | | Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the transition period from to
| | |
o | | Shell company report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |
Commission file number 001-
Focus Media Holding Limited
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
28-30/F, Zhao Feng World Trade Building
369 Jiangsu Road, Shanghai 200050, PRC
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| | |
Title of Each Class | | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered |
| | |
Ordinary Shares, par value US$0.00005 per share | | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the Issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
534,896,873 Ordinary Shares
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yeso Noþ
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yeso Noþ
Note — Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registration was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yesþ Noo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filero Accelerated filero Non-accelerated filerþ
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
o Item 17 Item 18þ
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yeso Noþ
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS.)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.
Yeso Noo
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
FORM 20-F ANNUAL REPORT
FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006
Table of Contents
| | | | | | |
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION | | | 1 | |
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS IN THIS ANNUAL REPORT MAY NOT BE REALIZED | | | 1 | |
| | | | | 3 | |
| | IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS | | | 3 | |
| | OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE | | | 3 | |
| | KEY INFORMATION | | | 3 | |
| | INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY | | | 30 | |
| | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS | | | 52 | |
| | OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS | | | 52 | |
| | DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES | | | 76 | |
| | MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS | | | 84 | |
| | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | | | 91 | |
| | THE OFFER AND LISTING | | | 92 | |
| | ADDITIONAL INFORMATION | | | 93 | |
| | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | | | 105 | |
| | DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES | | | 106 | |
| | | | | 106 | |
| | DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES | | | 106 | |
| | MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS | | | 106 | |
| | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | | | 108 | |
| | AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT | | | 108 | |
| | CODE OF ETHICS | | | 109 | |
| | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES | | | 109 | |
| | EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES | | | 109 | |
| | PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS | | | 109 | |
| | | | | 109 | |
| | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | | | 109 | |
| | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | | | 110 | |
| | EXHIBITS | | | 111 | |
EX-10.97 2006 SHARE OPTION PLAN, DATED AUGUST 22 |
EX-10.98 SHARE PURCHASE AGREEMENT, DATED FEBRUARY 28, 2007 |
ASSET TRANSFER AGREEMENT, DATED JANUARY 30, 2003 |
EX-10.100 CALL OPTION AGREEMENT, DATED JANUARY 30, 2003 |
EX-10.101 CALL OPTION AGREEMENT, DATED JANUARY 30, 2003 |
EX-10.102 EQUITY INTERESTS PLEDGE AGREEMENT, DATED JANUARY 3 |
EX-10.103 EQUITY INTEREST PLEDGE AGREEMENT |
EX-10.104 EXCLUSIVE SERVICE AGREEMENT, DATED JAN 20, 2003 |
EX-10.105 LOAN AGREEMENT, DATED JANUARY 10, 2003 |
EX-10.106 LOAN AGREEMENT, DATED JANUARY 10, 2003 |
EX-10.107 SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING RIGHTS PROXY AGREEMENT |
EX-10.108 CALL OPTION AGREEMENT, DATED NOVEMBER 1, 2004 |
EX-10.109 CALL OPTION AGREEMENT, DATED NOVEMBER1, 2004 |
EX-10.110 EQUITY INTERESTS PLEDGE AGREEMENT, NOV 1, 2004 |
EX-10.111 EQUITY INTERESTS PLEDGE AGREEMENT, NOV 1, 2004 |
EX-10.112 EXCLUSIVE SERVICE AGREEMENT, NOV 1, 2004 |
EX-10.113 LOAN AGREEMENT, NOV 1, 2004 |
EX-10.114 LOAN AGREEMENT, NOV 1, 2004 |
EX-10.115 SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING RIGHTS PROXY AGREEMENT |
EX-10.116 SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING RIGHTS PROXY AGREEMENT |
EX-10.117 ASSET TRANSFER AGREEMENT, DATED NOVEMBER 30, 2004 |
EX-10.118 CALL OPTION AGREEMENT, DATED NOVEMBER 30, 2004 |
EX-10.119 CALL OPTION AGREEMENT, DATED NOVEMBER 30, 2004 |
EX-10.120 EQUITY OMTERESTS PLEDGE AGREEMENT, NOV 30, 2004 |
EX-10.121 EQUITY INTERESTS PLEDGE AGREEMENT, NOV 30, 2004 |
EX-10.122 EXCLUSIVE SERVICES AGREEMENT, NOV 11, 2004 |
EX-10.123 LOAN AGREEMENT, DATED NOVEMBER 1, 2004 |
EX-10.124 LOAN AGREEMENT, DATED NOVEMBER 1, 2004 |
EX-10.125 SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING RIGHTS PROXY AGREEMENT |
EX-10.126 SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING RIGHTS PROXY AGREEMENT |
EX-10.127 ASSET TRANSFER AGREEMENT, NOV 30, 2004 |
EX-10.128 CALL OPTION AGREEMENT, DATED NOVEMBER 30, 2004 |
EX-10.129 CALL OPTION AGREEMENT, DATED NOVEMBER 30, 2004 |
EX-10.130 EQUITY INTERESTS PLEDGE AGREEMENT, NOV 30, 2004 |
EX-10.131 EQUITY INTERESTS PLEDGE AGREEMENT, NOV 30, 2004 |
EX-10.132 EXCLUSIVE SERVICE AGREEMENT, NOV 3, 2004 |
EX-10.133 LOAN AGREEMENT, DATED NOVEMBER 1, 2004 |
EX-10.134 LOAN AGREEMENT, DATED NOVEMBER 1, 2004 |
EX-10.135 SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING RIGHTS PROXY AGREEMENTS |
EX-10.136 SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING RIGHTS PROXY AGREEMENTS |
EX-10.137 ASSET TRANSFER AGREEMENT, MAY 17, 2005 |
EX-10.138 CALL OPTION AGREEMENT, MAY 17, 2005 |
EX-10.139 CALL OPTION AGREEMENT, MAY 17, 2005 |
EX-10.140 EQUITY INTERESTS PLEDGE AGREEMENT, MAY 17, 2005 |
EX-10.141 EQUITY INTERESTS PLEDGE AGREEMENT, MAY 17, 2005 |
EX-10.142 EXCLUSIVE SERVICE AGREEMENT, APRIL 30, 2005 |
EX-10.143 LOAN AGREEMENT, DATED APRIL 20, 2005 |
EX-10.144 LOAN AGREEMENT, DATED APRIL 20, 2005 |
EX-10.145 SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING RIGHTS PROXY AGREEMENT |
EX-10.146 SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING RIGHTS PROXY AGREEMENT |
EX-10.147 SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT FOR LOAN AGREEMENT |
EX-10.148 SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT FOR LOAN AGREEMENT |
EX-10.149 CALL OPTION AGREEMENT , DATED JULY 1, 2006 |
EX-10.150 CALL OPTION AGREEMENT, DATED JULY 1, 2006 |
EX-10.151 EQUITY INTERESTS PLEDGE AGREEMENT, JULY 1, 2006 |
EX-10.152 EQUITY INTERESTS PLEDGE AGREEMENT, JULY 1, 2006 |
EX-10.153 EXCLUSIVE SERVICE AGREEMENT, JULY 1, 2006 |
EX-10.154 LOAN AGREEMENT, DATED JUNE 20, 2006 |
EX-10.155 LOAN AGREEMENT, DATED 20, 2006 |
EX-10.156 SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING RIGHTS PROXY AGREEMENT |
EX-10.157 SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING RIGHTS PROXY AGREEMENT |
EX-10.158 SHARE PURCHASE AGREEMENT, JULY 21, 2006 |
EX-10.159 REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT |
EX-10.160 SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING RIGHT PROXY AGREEMENT |
EX-12.1 CERTIFICATE OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER |
EX-12.2 CERTIFICATE OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER |
EX-13.1 CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC FINANCIAL REPORT |
EX-13.2 CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC FINANCIAL REPORT |
EX-15.1 CONSENT OF CONYERS, DILL & PEARMAN |
EX-15.2 CONSENT OF GLOBAL LAW OFFICE |
EX-21.1 LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES |
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
In this annual report, unless otherwise indicated:
| • | | the terms “we,” “us,” “our company,” “our” and “Focus Media” refer to Focus Media Holding Limited, its predecessor entities and subsidiaries, and, in the context of describing our operations, also include our affiliated Chinese entities; |
|
| • | | “shares” and “ordinary shares” refer to our ordinary shares, par value $0.00005, “ADSs” refers to our American depositary shares, each of which represents five ordinary shares, and “ADRs” refers to the American depositary receipts which evidence our ADSs; |
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| • | | “China” and “PRC” refer to the People’s Republic of China, excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau; |
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| • | | all references to “RMB” are to the legal currency of China and all references to “U.S. dollars,” “US$,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States. Any discrepancies in any table between the amounts identified as total amounts and the sum of the amounts listed therein are due to rounding; |
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| • | | “Framedia” refers to Infoachieve Limited and its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates, which we acquired in January 2006; |
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| • | | “Target Media” refers to Target Media Holdings Limited and its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates, which we acquired in February 2006; |
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| • | | “Focus Media Wireless” refers to Dotad Media Holdings, and its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates, which we acquired in March 2006 and renamed Focus Media Wireless; |
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| • | | “Allyes” refers to Allyes Information Technology Company Limited, and its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates, which we acquired in March 2007; and |
|
| • | | This annual report on Form 20-F includes our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, and as of December 31, 2005 and 2006. |
We and certain selling shareholders of our company completed an initial public offering on July 19, 2005, and out ADSs have been listed on the NASDAQ Global Market, or Nasdaq, under the symbol “FMCN” since July 13, 2005.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS IN THIS ANNUAL REPORT
MAY NOT BE REALIZED
This annual report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements that are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about us and our industry. All statements other than statements of historical fact in this annual report are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can be identified by words or phrases such as “may”, “will”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “plan”, “believe”, “is/are likely to” or other similar expressions. The forward-looking statements included in this annual report relate to, among others:
| • | | our goals and strategies; |
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| • | | our future business development, financial condition and results of operations; |
|
| • | | projected revenues, profits, earnings and other estimated financial information; |
1
| • | | our ability to complete acquisitions we have entered into and costs related to and potential liabilities resulting from completing such acquisitions and integrating the acquired companies into our business; |
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| • | | achieving anticipated or potential synergies with companies we acquire or have acquired, including Framedia, Target Media, Focus Media Wireless and Allyes; |
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| • | | our plans to expand our advertising network into new cities and regions in China and diversify into new networks and advertising channels such as airports, hospitals and other possible commercial locations; |
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| • | | the growth or acceptance of our in-store network, our outdoor LED network, Framedia’s poster frame network, our movie theater advertising network, our wireless advertising services network and our online advertising services business; |
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| • | | our plan to develop our business into a multi-platform out-of-home advertising network, including through operation of Focus Media Wireless’s mobile phone network advertising services and through Internet advertising channels such as through Allyes; |
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| • | | our plan to identify and create additional advertising channels that target specific consumer demographics, which could allow us to increase our advertising revenue, including Internet advertising channels; |
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| • | | competition in the PRC advertising industry; |
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| • | | the expected growth in the urban population, consumer spending, average income levels and advertising spending levels; |
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| • | | PRC governmental policies and regulations relating to the advertising industry and regulations and policies promulgated by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange; |
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| • | | other risks outlined in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our registration statements on Form F-1, as amended; and |
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| • | | those other risks identified in “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” of this annual report. |
These forward-looking statements involve various risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that our expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that our expectations will turn out to be correct. Our actual results could be materially different from or worse than our expectations.
The forward-looking statements made in this annual report relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
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PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
A. Selected Financial Data
The following selected consolidated financial information has been derived from our consolidated financial statements. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared by including the financial statements of Focus Media Advertisement, formerly Aiqi Advertising, through May 2003 and our consolidated financials, which include the consolidation of Focus Media Advertisement as a variable interest entity, thereafter and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 and our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2005 and 2006 have been audited by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd., an independent registered public accounting firm. The report of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd. on those financial statements is included elsewhere in this annual report.
Our selected consolidated financial information for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2003 have been derived from Focus Media Advertisement audited consolidated financial statements, which are not included in this annual report.
Our historical results for any prior period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for for any future period. The selected consolidated financial information for the periods and as of the dates indicated should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”.
Prior to May 2003, we operated as an advertising agency, the operations and services of which differ markedly from our current business. As an advertising agency, we assisted media companies in selling their advertising time or space to companies seeking to advertise in exchange for a commission. In May 2003, we ceased acting as an advertising agency and commenced our current business as an operator of an out-of-home advertising network, consisting first of our commercial location network. In April 2005, we commenced commercial operations of our in-store network and through our acquisition of Framedia, we commenced operation of our poster frame network on January 1, 2006. In February 2006, we acquired Target Media and in March 2006, we acquired Focus Media Wireless. In March 2007, we acquired Allyes.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, |
| | 2002 | | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 |
| | (in thousands of U.S. dollars) |
Selected Consolidated Statements of Operations Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross revenues | | $ | 24 | | | $ | 3,671 | | | $ | 29,109 | | | $ | 73,419 | | | $ | 231,186 | |
Net revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial location network(1) | | | — | | | $ | 3,369 | | | $ | 26,321 | | | $ | 61,435 | | | $ | 132,061 | |
In-store network(1) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,469 | | | | 26,907 | |
Poster frame network(1) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 40,904 | |
Mobile Handset Advertising network(1) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,101 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Advertising service revenue(1) | | | — | | | | 3,369 | | | | 26,321 | | | | 66,904 | | | | 209,973 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Other revenues | | | — | | | | 389 | | | | 2,889 | | | | 1,325 | | | | 1,932 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total net revenues | | | 24 | | | | 3,758 | | | | 29,210 | | | | 68,229 | | | | 211,905 | |
| | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net advertising service cost: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, |
| | 2002 | | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 |
| | (in thousands of U.S. dollars) |
Commercial location network | | | — | | | | 1,566 | | | | 6,804 | | | | 18,325 | | | | 42,836 | |
In-store network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 7,423 | | | | 18,106 | |
Poster frame network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 13,621 | |
Mobile Handset Advertising Network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,052 | |
| | |
Advertising service cost | | | — | | | | 1,566 | | | | 6,804 | | | | 25,748 | | | | 80,615 | |
Other costs | | | — | | | | 275 | | | | 1,934 | | | | 976 | | | | 765 | |
| | |
Total cost of revenues | | | — | | | | 1,841 | | | | 8,738 | | | | 26,724 | | | | 81,380 | |
| | |
Gross profit | | | 24 | | | | 1,917 | | | | 20,472 | | | | 41,505 | | | | 130,525 | |
| | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
General and administrative | | | 21 | | | | 985 | | | | 3,988 | | | | 9,120 | | | | 25,723 | |
Selling and marketing | | | 3 | | | | 407 | | | | 3,473 | | | | 9,599 | | | | 25,762 | |
Other operating income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,338 | ) |
Goodwill impairment loss | | | — | | | | — | | | | 58 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | 24 | | | | 1,392 | | | | 7,519 | | | | 18,719 | | | | 50,147 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Income from operations | | | — | | | | 525 | | | | 12,953 | | | | 22,786 | | | | 80,378 | |
Interest income | | | — | | | | 1 | | | | 10 | | | | 1,812 | | | | 4,560 | |
Interest expenses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (50 | ) | | | (305 | ) |
Other income | | | — | | | | — | | | | 54 | | | | 70 | | | | 271 | |
Other expenses | | | — | | | | (9 | ) | | | (58 | ) | | | (231 | ) | | | (558 | ) |
Change in fair value of derivative liability associated with Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | — | | | | — | | | | (11,692 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes and minority interest | | | — | | | | 517 | | | | 1,267 | | | | 24,387 | | | | 84,346 | |
Total income taxes | | | — | | | | (482 | ) | | | (908 | ) | | | (694 | ) | | | (1,044 | ) |
Minority interest | | | — | | | | 8 | | | | 13 | | | | (145 | ) | | | (105 | ) |
Equity loss of affiliates | | | — | | | | (18 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | — | | | $ | 25 | | | $ | 372 | | | $ | 23,548 | | | $ | 83,197 | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, |
| | 2002 | | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 |
| | (in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data) |
Earnings per share data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deemed dividend on Series A convertible redeemable preference shares | | | — | | | | — | | | | (8,308 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | — | | | | — | | | | (2,191 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares | | | — | | | | — | | | | (13,356 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Premium of Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | — | | | | — | | | | 12,906 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares | | $ | — | | | $ | 25 | | | $ | (10,577 | ) | | $ | 23,548 | | | $ | 83,197 | |
| | |
Income (loss) per share — basic | | $ | — | | | $ | 0.00 | | | $ | (0.07 | ) | | $ | 0.09 | | | $ | 0.16 | |
| | |
Income (loss) per share — diluted | | $ | — | | | $ | 0.00 | | | $ | (0.07 | ) | | $ | 0.06 | | | $ | 0.16 | |
| | |
Shares used in calculating basic income per share | | | — | | | | 144,657,600 | | | | 160,998,600 | | | | 252,128,545 | | | | 505,411,079 | |
| | |
Shares used in calculating diluted income per share | | | — | | | | 144,657,600 | | | | 160,998,600 | | | | 365,938,094 | | | | 521,536,381 | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, |
| | 2002 | | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 |
| | (in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share data) |
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 15 | | | $ | 716 | | | $ | 22,669 | | | $ | 36,653 | | | $ | 164,611 | |
Other current assets(2) | | | 106 | | | | 1,902 | | | | 12,713 | | | | 104,988 | | | | 78,712 | |
Non-current assets | | | 8 | | | | 2,688 | | | | 21,033 | | | | 70,713 | | | | 862,919 | |
Total assets | | | 129 | | | | 5,306 | | | | 56,415 | | | | 212,354 | | | | 1,106,242 | |
Current liabilities | | | 7 | | | | 4,119 | | | | 8,634 | | | | 20,694 | | | | 51,837 | |
Non-current liabilities | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,303 | |
Total liabilities | | | 7 | | | | 4,119 | | | | 8,634 | | | | 20,694 | | | | 55,140 | |
Minority interest | | | — | | | | 4 | | | | 81 | | | | 245 | | | | 358 | |
Mezzanine equity | | | — | | | | — | | | | 53,273 | | | | — | | | | — | |
4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, |
| | 2002 | | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 |
| | (in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share data) |
Ordinary shares (nil, 200,000,000, 142,464,600, 378,306,000 and 534,896,873 shares issued and outstanding in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively) | | | — | | | | 10 | | | | 7 | | | | 19 | | | | 27 | |
Other shareholders’ equity (deficiency) | | | 122 | | | | 1,173 | | | | (5,580 | ) | | | 191,396 | | | | 1,050,717 | |
Total shareholders’ equity (deficiency) | | $ | 122 | | | $ | 1,183 | | | $ | (5,573 | ) | | $ | 191,415 | | | $ | 1,106,242 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, |
| | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 |
Selected Operating Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of displays in our commercial location network: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Our direct cities | | | 12,786 | | | | 45,049 | | | | 80,263 | |
Our regional distributors(3) | | | 2,629 | | | | 3,177 | | | | 5,197 | |
Total | | | 15,415 | | | | 48,226 | | | | 85,460 | |
Number of displays in our in-store network | | | — | | | | 27,849 | | | | 38,742 | |
Number of stores in our in-store network | | | — | | | | 4,130 | | | | 3,898 | |
Number of installed frames in our poster frame network(4) | | | — | | | | — | | | | 99,784 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For and as of the three months ended |
| | March 31, | | June 30, | | September 30, | | December 31, |
| | 2006 | | 2006 | | 2006 | | 2006 |
Commercial Location Network(5): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of time slots available for sale(6) | | | 10,717 | | | | 11,314 | | | | 15,679 | | | | 15,939 | |
Number of time slots sold(7) | | | 3,904 | | | | 5,369 | | | | 6,111 | | | | 8,533 | |
Average utilization rate(8) | | | 36.4 | % | | | 47.5 | % | | | 39.0 | % | | | 53.5 | % |
In-store Network(9): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of time slots available for sale(6) | | | 245,314 | | | | 261,360 | | | | 273,909 | | | | 318,342 | |
Number of time slots sold(7) | | | 76,498 | | | | 87,450 | | | | 90,647 | | | | 97,774 | |
Average utilization rate(8) | | | 31.2 | % | | | 33.5 | % | | | 33.1 | % | | | 30.7 | % |
Poster Frame Network(10): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of frame slots available for sale(11) | | | 208,659 | | | | 243,959 | | | | 267,603 | | | | 294,294 | |
Number of frame slots sold(12) | | | 90,262 | | | | 154,793 | | | | 160,437 | | | | 166,825 | |
Occupancy rate(13) | | | 43.3 | % | | | 63.5 | % | | | 60.0 | % | | | 56.7 | % |
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(1) | | Advertising service revenue is presented net of business tax. Business tax on advertising service revenue from our commercial location network amounted to $2,788,233, $5,991,497, 13,641,118 in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Business tax on advertising service revenue for our in-store network amounted to $524,271 and 2,803,349 in 2005 and 2006. Business tax on advertising service revenue for our poster frame network amounted to 3,988,769 for 2006. Business tax includes business tax of 5.55% and cultural industries tax of ranging from 0% to 4.0% of our gross advertising service revenue. |
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(2) | | Other current assets are equal to total current assets less cash and cash equivalents. |
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(3) | | Data that has been provided by our regional distributors is based on the results of surveys we requested them to provide to us and it is possible such data is not entirely accurate or exact. |
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(4) | | Number of installed frames includes frames we currently market and frames that have been installed, for instance, in buildings that are still under construction and which we have not yet begun to market. |
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(5) | | Starting January 1, 2006, time slot data presented for our commercial location network includes only data related to our premier office building A channel. |
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(6) | | For our commercial location network, includes the time slots for our directly operated cities and the time slots we are entitled to sell on the portion of our network operated by our regional distributors. Number of time slots available refers to the number of 30-second equivalent time slots available on our network during the period presented and is calculated by taking the total advertising time available on our network during the period presented, calculated in aggregate seconds, which we then divide by 30 to determine the number of 30-second equivalent time slots available. For our commercial location network, the number of advertising time slots available for sale is determined by the number of cities in which we directly operate, the two-ninths portion of time slots on our regional distributors’ networks which we have the right to sell and the length of the advertising cycle, which is currently twelve minutes in all of our directly operated cities. For our in- store network, the number of advertising time slots available for sale is determined by the number of stores in which we operate. |
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| | |
(7) | | Number of time slots sold refers to the number of 30-second equivalent time slots sold during the period presented and is calculated by taking the total advertising time we sold during the period presented, calculated in aggregate seconds, which we then divide by 30 to determine the number of 30-second equivalent time slots sold. |
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(8) | | Utilization rate refers to total time slots sold as a percentage of total time slots available during the relevant period. |
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(9) | | We commenced operation of our in-store network in April 2005. |
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(10) | | We commenced operation of our poster frame network in January 2006. |
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(11) | | Includes the number of frame slots available on a monthly basis within each three month period. |
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(12) | | Includes the number of frame slots sold on a monthly basis within each three month period. |
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(13) | | Occupancy rate refers to the total number of frame slots sold as a percentage of total frame slots available during the relevant period. |
Currency Translations and Exchange Rates
Our operating businesses are currently conducted in China and substantially all of our revenues and expenses are denominated in Renminbi. The People’s Bank of China, or PBOC, sets and publishes daily a base exchange rate with reference primarily to the supply and demand of Renminbi against a basket of currencies in the market during the prior day. The PBOC also takes into account other factors, such as the general conditions existing in the international foreign exchange markets. Since 1994, the conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including Hong Kong dollars and U.S. dollars, has been based on rates set by the PBOC, which are set daily based on the previous day’s inter-bank foreign exchange market rates and current exchange rates in the world financial markets. From 1994 to July 20, 2005, the official exchange rate for the conversion of Renminbi to U.S. dollars was generally stable. Although PRC governmental policies were introduced in 1996 to reduce restrictions on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currency for current account items, conversion of Renminbi into foreign exchange for capital items, such as foreign direct investment, loans or securities, requires the approval of the State Administration for Foreign Exchange and other relevant authorities. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government introduced a managed floating exchange rate system to allow the value of the Renminbi to fluctuate within a regulated band based on market supply and demand and by reference to a basket of currencies. On the same day, the value of the Renminbi appreciated by 2.0% against the U.S. dollar. Since then, the PRC government has made, and may in the future make, further adjustments to the exchange rate system. The PBOC announces the closing price of a foreign currency traded against the Renminbi in the inter-bank foreign exchange market after the closing of the market on each working day, and makes it the central parity for the trading against the Renminbi on the following working day.
The conversion of Renminbi into U.S. dollars in this annual report is based on the noon buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers of Renminbi as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. For your convenience, this annual report contains translations of Renminbi at $1.00 to RMB7.8087, which was the prevailing rate on December 29, 2006. We make no representation that any Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate, the rates stated below, or at all. The PRC government imposes controls over its foreign currency reserves in part through direct regulation of the conversion of Renminbi into foreign exchange and through restrictions on foreign trade.
The following table sets forth information concerning exchange rates between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar for the periods indicated. These rates are provided solely for your convenience and are not necessarily the exchange rates that we used in this annual report or will use in the preparation of our periodic reports or any other information to be provided to you.
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| | RENMINBI PER U.S. DOLLAR NOON BUYING RATE |
| | AVERAGE | | HIGH | | LOW | | PERIOD-END |
2001 | | | 8.2770 | | | | 8.2786 | | | | 8.2676 | | | | 8.2766 | |
2002 | | | 8.2770 | | | | 8.2800 | | | | 8.2669 | | | | 8.2800 | |
2003 | | | 8.2770 | | | | 8.2800 | | | | 8.2272 | | | | 8.2769 | |
2004 | | | 8.2768 | | | | 8.2774 | | | | 8.2764 | | | | 8.2765 | |
2005 | | | 8.1940 | | | | 8.2765 | | | | 8.0702 | | | | 8.0702 | |
2006 | | | 7.9723 | | | | 8.0702 | | | | 7.8041 | | | | 7.8087 | |
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B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
D. Risk Factors
Our business and operations are subject to various risks, many of which are beyond our control. If any of the risks described below actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be seriously harmed.
Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry
Our failure to timely file the 2006 annual report on Form 20-F as a result of allegations raised by an anonymous investor holding a short position in our ADSs may subject us to shareholder litigation and delisting review, either of which may materially and adversely affect our business.
As a result of the Audit Committee investigation of allegations raised by attorneys representing an anonymous investor, we failed to timely file our 2006 annual report on Form 20-F. The unnamed investor, described as currently holding a short position in our ADSs, alleged that: (a) Everease, a company previously run by Focus Media’s founder and CEO, Jason Jiang, is a related party as a result of ongoing ties between Everease and Mr. Jiang and members of Mr. Jiang’s family; and (b) Focus Media was making undisclosed rebate payments to a third-party advertising agency through Everease in order to inflate Focus Media’s reported financial performance.
The Audit Committee commenced its investigation of the allegations on June 28, 2007. It hired independent U.S. legal counsel and independent forensic accountants, who reviewed documents and interviewed witnesses. Everease and the third-party advertising agency declined investigators’ request to provide access to specified witnesses and documents.
On September 25, 2007, the Audit Committee completed its previously disclosed investigation into allegations made by U.S. Counsel to an investor described as holding a short position in our stock. The results of the investigation have been discussed with our independent Registered Public Accounting firm. Based upon its review of the evidence, the Audit Committee concluded that nothing had come to its attention - apart from the initial allegations that gave rise to the investigation - that would cause the Audit Committee to believe that we made undisclosed rebate payments to a third party advertising agency through another advertising agency, namely, Everease. We have informed the investigators that we have concluded that Everease is a related party based upon information developed during the investigation. Based upon its review of the evidence, the Audit Committee concurs with our conclusion that Everease should be deemed a related party. For detailed descriptions of our related party transactions with Everease, see “Item 7 — Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — B. Related Party Transactions-Transactions with Everease; “ — Other Related Party Transactions-Loan from Relative of Jason Nanchun Jiang.”
Our failure to timely file the 2006 annual report on Form 20-F has subjected us to delisting review by the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Panel. We received a Nasdaq Staff Determination letter on July 10, 2007 that we are not in compliance with the filing requirement for continued listing as set forth in Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 4320(e)(12). If the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Panel decides to delist our ADSs from the Nasdaq Global Market, our share price and business will be materially and adversely affected.
In addition, as a result of these allegations, we may be subject to shareholder litigation, which may divert the attention of our management and force us to expend resources to defend against such claims. Any litigation may have a material and adverse effect on our business and future results of operations.
We have a limited operating history, which may make it difficult for you to evaluate our business and prospects.
We began operations of our commercial location network in May 2003. In addition, we have operated our in-store network since April 2005 and acquired and began to operate our poster frame network from January 2006 under the brand name “Framedia”. In March 2006 and April 2006, respectively, we added a wireless application protocal, or WAP, based mobile phone advertising network and outdoor LED digital billboard advertising network to our business. Accordingly, we have a very limited operating history for our current operations upon which you can evaluate the viability and sustainability of our business and its acceptance by advertisers and consumers. It is also difficult to evaluate the viability of our use of audiovisual advertising displays in commercial buildings, hypermarkets, supermarkets and convenience stores and other out-of-home commercial locations and our use of advertising poster frames in residential complexes and WAP-based mobile handset advertising as a business model because we do not have sufficient experience to address the risks frequently encountered by early stage companies using new forms of advertising media and entering new and rapidly evolving markets. These circumstances may make it difficult for you to evaluate our business and prospects.
We derive a substantial majority of our revenues from the provision of advertising services, and advertising is particularly sensitive to changes in economic conditions and advertising trends.
Demand for advertising time slots and advertising frame space on our networks, and the resulting advertising spending by our clients, is particularly sensitive to changes in general economic conditions and advertising spending typically decreases during periods of economic downturn. Advertisers may reduce the money they spend to advertise on our networks for a number of reasons, including:
| • | | a general decline in economic conditions; |
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| • | | a decline in economic conditions in the particular cities where we conduct business; |
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| • | | a decision to shift advertising expenditures to other available advertising media; or |
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| • | | a decline in advertising spending in general. A decrease in demand for advertising media in general and for our advertising services in particular would materially and adversely affect our ability to generate revenue from our advertising services, and our financial condition and results of operations. |
Our quarterly operating results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly from period to period in the future.
Our quarterly operating results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly from period to period based on the seasonality of consumer spending and corresponding advertising trends in China. In addition, advertising
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spending generally tends to decrease during January and February each year due to the Chinese Lunar New Year holiday. We also experience a slight decrease in revenues during the hot summer months of July and August each year, when there is a relative slowdown in overall commercial activity in urban areas in China. As a result, you may not be able to rely on period to period comparisons of our operating results as an indication of our future performance. Factors that are likely to cause our operating results to fluctuate, such as the seasonality of advertising spending in China, a deterioration of economic conditions in China and potential changes to the regulation of the advertising industry in China, are discussed elsewhere in this annual report. If our revenues for a particular quarter are lower than we expect, we may be unable to reduce our operating expenses for that quarter by a corresponding amount, which would harm our operating results for that quarter relative to our operating results from other quarters.
Our failure to maintain existing relationships or obtain new relationships with businesses that allow us to place our flat-panel displays and advertising poster frames in their buildings and other commercial locations and to lease outdoor LED digital billboards placed in desirable locations would harm our business and prospects.
Our ability to generate revenues from advertising sales depends largely upon our ability to provide large networks of flat-panel displays placed in desirable building, commercial and store locations, of advertising poster frames placed in residential complexes, and to secure desirable locations of large outdoor LED digital billboards, throughout major urban areas in China. We also depend on the ability of our third-party location provider to secure desirable LED digital billboard locations for our outdoor LED network. This, in turn, requires that we develop and maintain business relationships with real estate developers, landlords, property managers, hypermarkets, retailers and other businesses and locations in which we rent space for our displays and digital billboards. Although a majority of our display placement agreements and advertising frame placement agreements have terms ranging from three to five years and two to three years, respectively, and upon expiration give us the right to renew the agreement on terms no less favorable than those offered by competing bidders, we may not be able to maintain our relationships with them on satisfactory terms, or at all. If we fail to maintain our relationships with landlords and property managers, or if a significant number of our existing display or advertising frame placement agreements are terminated or not renewed or if we fail to maintain our relationship with our location provider of LED billboard space, advertisers may find advertising on our networks unattractive and may not wish to purchase advertising time slots or advertising frame space on our networks, which would cause our revenues to decline and our business and prospects to deteriorate.
Under some of our display placement agreements in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dalian and Chongqing, the property manager has the right to terminate the agreement if landlords or tenants in the building lodge complaints about our flat-panel displays. In addition, some of our display placement agreements in other cities allow the property manager to terminate the agreement if we fail to keep each flat-panel display operational for a minimum amount of time each year. If these tenants complain about our displays, or if the property manager claims we have failed to keep the flat-panel displays operational for the stipulated number of days each year, we may be required to remove our panels from these commercial locations.
In accordance with PRC real estate laws and regulations, prior consent of landlords and property managers is required for any commercial use of the public areas or facilities of residential properties. With regard to our network of advertising poster frames and some of our flat-panel displays placed in the elevators and public areas of residential complexes, we have entered into frame or display placement agreements with property managers and landlords. For those frame or display placement agreements entered into with property managers, we intend to obtain or urge property managers to obtain consents from landlords. However, if the landlords of a residential complex object to our placing advertising poster frames or flat-panel displays in the elevators and public areas of the complex, we may be required to remove our advertising poster frames or flat-panel displays from the complex and may be subject to fines. We may not be able to successfully expand our out-of-home advertising network into new regions or diversify our network into new advertising networks or media platforms, which could harm or reverse our growth potential and our ability to increase our revenues.
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If we are unable to obtain or retain desirable placement locations for our flat-panel displays, advertising poster frames and outdoor LED billboards on commercially advantageous terms or if the supply of desirable locations diminishes or ceases to expand, we could have difficulty in maintaining or expanding our network, our operating margins and earnings could decrease and our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Our location costs, which include lease payments to landlords and property managers under our display placement agreements, maintenance and monitoring fees and other associated costs, comprise a significant portion of our cost of revenues. In 2005, our location costs accounted for 61.7% of our cost of revenues and 24.0% of our total revenues, respectively. For 2006, our location costs accounted for 66.2% of our cost of revenues and 24.3% of our total revenues, respectively. In the future, we may need to increase our expenditures on our display and frame placement agreements to obtain new and desirable locations, to renew existing locations, and to secure favorable exclusivity and renewal terms. In addition, lessors of space for our flat-panel displays, advertising poster frames and LED billboards may charge increasingly higher display location lease fees, or demand other compensation arrangements, such as profit sharing. If we are unable to pass increased location costs on to our advertising clients through rate increases, our operating margins and earnings could decrease and our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
In addition, in more developed cities, it may be difficult to increase the number of desirable locations in our network because most such locations have already been occupied either by us or by our competitors, or in the case of outdoor LED billboards, because the placement of outdoor installments may be limited by municipal zoning and planning policies. In recently developing cities, the supply of desirable locations may be small and the pace of economic development and construction levels may not provide a steadily increasing supply of desirable commercial and residential locations. If, as a result of these possibilities, we are unable to increase the placement of our out-of-home television and poster frame advertising networks into commercial and residential locations that advertisers find desirable, we may be unable to expand our client base, sell advertising time slots and poster frame space on our network or increase the rates we charge for time slots and poster frame space, which could decrease the value of our network to advertisers.
If we are unable to attract advertisers to advertise on our networks, we will be unable to maintain or increase our advertising fees and the demand for time on our networks, which could negatively affect our ability to grow revenues.
The amounts of fees we can charge advertisers for time slots on our out-of-home television networks depend on the size and quality of our out-of-home television networks and the demand by advertisers for advertising time on our out-of-home television networks. Advertisers choose to advertise on our out-of-home television networks in part based on the size of the networks and the desirability of the locations where we have placed our flat-panel displays and where we lease LED digital billboards as well as the quality of the services we offer. If we fail to maintain or increase the number of locations, displays and billboards in our networks, diversify advertising channels in our networks, or solidify our brand name and reputation as a quality provider of advertising services, advertisers may be unwilling to purchase time on our networks or to pay the levels of advertising fees we require to remain profitable.
In addition, the fees we can charge advertisers for frame space on our poster frame network depends on the quality of the locations in which we place advertising poster frames, demand by advertisers for frame space and the quality of our service. If we are unable to continue to secure the most desirable residential locations for deployment of our advertising poster frames, we may be unable to attract advertisers to purchase frame space on our poster frame network.
Our failure to attract advertisers to purchase time slots and frame space on our networks will reduce demand for time slots and frame space on our networks and the number of time slots and amount of frame space we are able to sell, which could necessitate lowering the fees we charge for advertising time on our network and could negatively affect our ability to increase revenues in the future.
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We may be unable to maintain the growth of our network of flat-panel displays into hypermarkets, supermarkets, convenience stores and other types of businesses that have control over many stores, and our failure to maintain such growth could materially reduce the attractiveness of our network and harm our business, reputation and results of operations.
Our strategy includes expanding our in-store network into hypermarkets and other types of businesses that have control over many store locations such as supermarkets and convenience stores. We commenced operation of our in-store network in April 2005. As of December 31, 2006, we had placed 38,742 flat-panel displays in 3,898 hypermarkets, supermarkets and convenience stores. As a relatively new and untested portion of our business, it is difficult to evaluate whether our in-store network will continue to attract advertisers, and there exists the risk that it may not succeed at all. In 2005 and 2006 revenues from our in-store network accounted for 8.2% and 12.7% of our advertising service revenue, respectively.
Many of our arrangements with such businesses are and will continue to be handled through a single or small number of display placement agreements designed to cover a chain’s entire network of stores, either nationwide or throughout an entire city. We may, therefore, increase our dependence on one or a small number of retail store chains in terms of our coverage. If our network becomes more concentrated in major chains, any dispute we have with any single chain, or any failure to renew our display placement agreements or maintain our exclusivity terms with any single chain, could materially reduce the attractiveness of our in-store network and harm our business, reputation and results of operations.
Our acquisitions of Framedia, Target Media, Focus Media Wireless, Allyes and any future acquisitions may expose us to potential risks and have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.
Selective acquisitions, such as our recent acquisitions of Framedia, Target Media, Focus Media Wireless and Allyes, form part of our strategy to further expand our business. If we are presented with appropriate opportunities, we may acquire additional businesses, services or products that are complementary to our core business. Our integration of the acquired entities into our business may not be successful and may not enable us to expand into new advertising platforms as well as we expect. This would significantly affect the expected benefits of these acquisitions. Moreover, the integration of Framedia, Target Media, Focus Media Wireless and Allyes into our operations have required, and will continue to require, significant attention from our management. Future acquisitions will also likely present similar challenges.
The diversion of our management’s attention and any difficulties encountered in any integration process could have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business. In addition, we may face challenges trying to integrate new operations, services and personnel with our existing operations. Our recent acquisitions and possible future acquisitions may also expose us to other potential risks, including risks associated with unforeseen or hidden liabilities, the diversion of resources from our existing businesses and technologies, our inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset the costs, expenses of acquisitions and potential loss of, or harm to, relationships with employees and advertising clients as a result of our integration of new businesses and new regulations governing cross-border investment by PRC residents. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will be able to realize the benefits we anticipate from acquiring Framedia, Target Media, Focus Media Wireless, Allyes and other companies, or that we will not incur costs, including those relating to intangibles or goodwill, in excess of our projected costs for these transactions. The occurrence of any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to manage our business, our financial condition and our results of operations.
There may be unknown risks inherent in our acquisitions of Framedia, Target Media, Focus Media Wireless and Allyes, which could result in a material adverse effect on our business.
Although we have conducted due diligence with respect to the major acquisitions we have undertaken and undertake, we may not be aware of all of the risks associated with the targets of such acquisitions including Framedia, Target Media, Focus Media Wireless and Allyes. Any discovery of adverse information concerning Framedia, Target Media, Focus Media Wireless or Allyes since we acquired these entities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. While we are entitled to seek indemnification in certain circumstances, successfully asserting indemnification or enforcing such indemnification could be costly and time consuming or may not be successful at all.
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Our recent entry into mobile handset advertising and Internet advertising services through our acquisitions of Focus Media Wireless and Allyes, respectively, may expose us to risks associated with operating in the telecommunications and Internet industries in China which could materially affect our financial condition or results of operation.
In March 2006, we completed our acquisition of Focus Media Wireless, which operates a mobile handset WAP-based advertising service over China Mobile’s and China Unicom’s mobile telecommunications networks. As a result, we now operate a portion of our advertising network on mobile telecommunications networks and are subject to risks associated with operations in the telecommunications sector in China. In addition, in March 2007, we acquired Allyes, which operates an Internet advertising agency and service technology business, and our operation of the business of Allyes subjects us to risks associated with operations in the Internet sector in China. These potential risks include:
| • | | loss or deterioration of our relationship with China Mobile or China Unicom, the two primary mobile telecommunications operators in China that currently provide wireless value-added services to mobile phone users; |
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| • | | loss or deterioration of our relationship with Internet service providers who use our WAP-based advertisement platform; |
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| • | | failure to reach traditional advertisers and to take advantage of marketing networks through our existing business; |
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| • | | changes in operating policies or guidelines by mobile telecommunications operators applicable to all wireless value-added service providers using their platforms or which restrict content supplied by others to us; |
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| • | | regulation of the telecommunications sector in China that could impose burdensome approval or licensing requirements on value-added service providers such as advertising companies that sell advertising time on mobile telecommunications networks; |
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| • | | a decision by either or both China Mobile and China Unicom to directly enter into the WAP-based advertising business; |
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| • | | consumer dissatisfaction with, or any related regulations restricting, the use or “pushing” of unsolicited advertisements, commonly known as “spam”; |
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| • | | the performance and reliability of the Internet infrastructure; |
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| • | | the continued growth of the Internet and e-commerce industries. |
As a result of any such change or event, the operation of our advertising network using the mobile telecommunications networks of the mobile telecommunications operators in China may be disrupted, which could in turn lower our advertising revenues or result in higher operating costs to us, and we cannot assure you that our financial condition and results of operation would not be materially adversely affected.
In addition, under PRC law, the services offered by Focus Media Wireless may be deemed value-added telecommunication services, which requires an operation permit that has a valid period of five years. Focus Media Wireless has been granted the operation permit for its wireless advertising operations. If the permit is revoked or if we are unable to renew the operation permit upon expiration, we will be required to suspend our services relating to our mobile handset advertising network, and our advertising service revenue derived from this portion of our network would be adversely affected.
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One or more of our regional distributors could engage in activities that are harmful to our reputation in the industry and to our business.
As of December 31, 2006, we covered 40 out of the 91 cities where we provide our commercial location network through contractual arrangements with regional distributors. Under these arrangements, we provide our business model and operating expertise to local advertising companies in exchange for their acting as regional distributors of our advertising services. We also sell our flat-panel displays to our regional distributors, who are responsible for developing and maintaining an advertising network in office buildings and other commercial locations in the city where they operate. We also grant our regional distributors the right to use our “Focus Media” brand name and logo. However, our contractual arrangements with our regional distributors do not provide us with control or oversight over their everyday business activities, and one or more of our regional distributors may engage in activities that violate PRC laws and regulations governing the advertising industry and advertising content, or other PRC laws and regulations generally. Some of our regional distributors may not possess all the licenses required to operate an advertising business, or may fail to maintain the licenses they currently hold, which could result in local regulators suspending the operations of the network in those cities. In addition, we do not independently review the advertising content that our regional distributors display on the portion of our commercial location network that they operate independently, and our regional distributors may include advertising content on their part of the commercial location network and violate PRC advertising laws or regulations or expose them and us to lawsuits or result in the revocation of their business license. If any of these events occurs, it could harm our reputation in the industry.
Failure to manage our growth could strain our management, operational and other resources and we may not be able to achieve anticipated levels of growth in the new networks and media platforms we are beginning to operate, either of which could materially and adversely affect our business and growth potential.
We have been rapidly expanding, and plan to continue to rapidly expand, our operations in China. We must continue to expand our operations to meet the demands of advertisers for larger and more diverse network coverage and the demands of current and future landlords and property managers for installing and configuring flat-panel displays, advertising poster frames and outdoor LED billboards in our existing and future commercial, store, residential and curbside locations. This expansion has resulted, and will continue to result, in substantial demands on our management resources. It has also increased our need for a reliable supply of equipment, particularly flat-panel displays and large LED digital billboards for our out-of-home television networks which are manufactured by a few third-party contract assemblers according to our specifications. To manage our growth, we must develop and improve our existing administrative and operational systems and, our financial and management controls and further expand, train and manage our work force. We have also commenced providing advertising services to mobile phone users through our recent acquisition of Focus Media Wireless. As we continue this effort, we may incur substantial costs and expend substantial resources in connection with any such expansion due to, among other things, different technology standards, legal considerations and cultural differences. We may not be able to manage our current or future international operations effectively and efficiently or compete effectively in such markets. We cannot assure you that we will be able to efficiently or effectively manage the growth of our operations, recruit top talent and train our personnel. Any failure to efficiently manage our expansion may materially and adversely affect our business and future growth.
As we continue to expand into new networks and new media platforms, we expect the percentage of revenues derived from our commercial location network to decline. However, the new advertising networks and media platforms we pursue may not present the same opportunities for growth that we have experienced with our commercial location network and, accordingly, we cannot assure you that the level of growth of our networks will not decline over time. Moreover, we expect the level of growth of our commercial location network to decrease as many of the more desirable locations have already been leased by us or our competitors.
If advertisers or the viewing public do not accept, or lose interest in, our out-of-home advertising network, our revenues may be negatively affected and our business may not expand or be successful.
The market for out-of-home advertising networks in China is relatively new and its potential is uncertain. We compete for advertising spending with many forms of more established advertising media. Our success depends on the acceptance of our out-of-home advertising network by advertisers and their continuing interest in these mediums as components of their advertising strategies. Our success also depends on the viewing public continuing to be receptive
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towards our advertising network. Advertisers may elect not to use our services if they believe that consumers are not receptive to our networks or that our networks do not provide sufficient value as effective advertising mediums. Likewise, if consumers find some element of our networks, such as the audio feature of our commercial location, in-store and outdoor LED networks, to be disruptive or intrusive, commercial locations and stores may decide not to place our flat-panel displays in their properties and advertisers may view our advertising network as a less attractive advertising medium compared to other alternatives. In that event, advertisers may determine to reduce their spending on our advertising network. If a substantial number of advertisers lose interest in advertising on our advertising network for these or other reasons, we will be unable to generate sufficient revenues and cash flow to operate our business, and our advertising service revenue, liquidity and results of operations could be negatively affected.
If the Internet and, in particular, Internet marketing are not broadly adopted in China, our ability to generate revenue and sustain profitability from Allyes could be materially and adversely affected.
Our future revenues and profits from our online advertising agency business we operate through Allyes are dependent in part upon advertisers in China increasingly accepting the use of the Internet as a marketing channel, which is at an early stage in China. Penetration rates for personal computers, the Internet and broadband in China are all relatively low compared to those in more developed countries. Furthermore, many Chinese Internet users are not accustomed to using the Internet for e-commerce or as a medium for other transactions. Many of our current and potential clients have limited experience with the Internet as a marketing channel, and have not historically devoted a significant portion of their marketing budgets to Internet marketing and promotion. As a result, they may not consider the Internet as effective in promoting their products and services as traditional print and broadcast media.
The growth of our online advertising agency business is substantially dependent on the acceptance of the cost-per-thousand-impressions, or CPM Internet advertising sales model, and certain performance-based Internet advertising sales models, including CPC and CPA models, by industry participants in China.
The most prevalent Internet advertising sales model in China currently is cost-per-day, whereby Web publishers are paid based on the number of days an Internet ad is on display without regard to the ad’s effectiveness or the number of times the ad is displayed. We believe that the full advantages of Internet marketing in general and our Internet marketing solutions specifically can only be fully realized when more sophisticated Internet advertising sales models such as cost-per-thousand-impressions, or CPM, cost-per-click, or CPC, and cost-per-action, or CPA, are used to purchase ad space. If CPM, CPC and CPA fail to gain acceptance in China, our Internet marketing solutions will be less attractive to industry participants, and the market for those solutions may develop more slowly than we expect or even decline, which would materially and adversely affect our prospects and our business. In addition, if industry participants in China favor other newly-developed Internet advertising sales models incompatible with CPM, CPC or CPA, sales of our Internet marketing solutions may suffer and our revenue and profitability may be materially and adversely affected.
If the delivery of ads or the use of cookies is limited or blocked, our ability to update and expand our user data would be hindered and demand for our Internet marketing solutions could decline.
Our business may be adversely affected by practices and technologies that impair or undermine the performance of our Internet marketing solutions. For example, Internet users may use software designed to filter or prevent the delivery of Internet ads, including pop-up and pop-under ads; block, disable or remove cookies used by our Internet marketing technologies; or misrepresent measurements of advertising effectiveness. In particular, because we rely on cookies to obtain data about Internet users for our database of user information, widespread usage of software in China that disables or removes cookies would limit our ability to update and expand our user information and hinder our ability to provide effective targeted Internet marketing solutions to our clients. We cannot assure you that the proportion of Internet users who employ these or other similar technologies will not increase, thereby diminishing the efficiency of our Internet marketing solutions and causing demand for those solutions to decline.
Our role through Allyes as a supplier of ad space may harm our reputation as an independent purchasing agent and the reputation of our performance-based advertising network as a marketplace for ad space.
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We currently participate in both the purchase and supply of Internet ad space through our online advertising agency business. We also facilitate purchases by our clients of ad space on our performance-based advertising network and may act as sales representative to other Web publishers in the future. In addition, we supply ad space that we purchase from Web publishers on our performance-based advertising network from time to time to advertisers. Our role as a supplier of ad space might harm both our reputation as an independent purchasing agent and the reputation of our performance-based advertising network as a marketplace for ad space. If our reputation as an independent purchasing agent or the reputation of our performance-based advertising network is harmed, our clients may not purchase ad space from us and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Our Internet advertising business could be materially and adversely affected if we are unable to introduce new or enhanced Internet marketing services and technologies that meet our clients’ requirements.
Our future success depends in part upon our ability to enhance and integrate our existing Internet marketing services and technologies that we provide through Allyes and to introduce new, competitively priced services and technologies with features that meet evolving client requirements, all in a timely and cost-effective manner. A number of factors, including the following, could have a negative impact on the success of our services and technologies:
| • | | our failure to anticipate changes in clients’ requirements; |
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| • | | our competitors’ introduction of new services and technologies ahead of our new services and technologies, or their introduction of superior or cheaper services and technologies; |
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| • | | our failure to adapt to Internet advertising technology trends and evolving industry standards; and |
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| • | | delays or difficulties in technology integration, customization or development. |
The business and prospects of our online advertising agency business could be harmed if “click-through” fraud is not detected.
We are exposed to the risk of fraudulent clicks on ads posted on the performance-based advertising network of Allyes by individuals seeking to increase the advertising fees paid to our Web publishers. We may in the future have to refund revenue that our advertisers have paid to us and that was later attributed to click-through fraud. Click-through fraud occurs when an individual clicks on an ad displayed on a website for the sole intent of generating the revenue share payment to the publisher rather than to view the underlying content. From time to time we have experienced fraudulent clicks on the performance-based advertising network of Allyes and we do not allow our advertisers to be charged for such fraudulent clicks. This negatively affects the profitability of our online advertising agency business, and this type of fraudulent act could hurt our brand. If fraudulent clicks are not detected, the affected advertisers may experience a reduced return on their investment in our performance-based advertising network, which could lead the advertisers to become dissatisfied with our online advertising agency business, and in turn lead to loss of advertisers and the related revenue. Furthermore, fraudulent clicks directed at our performance-based advertising network or at other performance-based advertising platforms might encourage the perception among advertisers in China that performance-based sales models like CPC and CPA are not effective, which could slow or even reverse the development of those sales models in China. This could adversely affect our business and our prospects.
System failures could significantly disrupt the operations of our online advertising agency business, which would cause us to lose clients or ad inventory.
Our ability to successfully provide clients with Internet marketing services and our performance-based advertising network, and our ability to access user information depends on the continuing and uninterrupted performance of our systems. Sustained or repeated system failures that interrupt our ability to provide services to clients, including failures affecting our ability to deliver ads quickly and accurately and to access our user information base to provide targeted solutions, would reduce significantly the attractiveness of our services to advertisers and Web publishers. Our online advertising agency business could be materially and adversely affected by any damage or
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failure that impacts data integrity or interrupts or delays our operations. Our computer systems are vulnerable to damage from a variety of sources, including telecommunications failures, power outages, malicious or accidental human acts, and natural disasters. Moreover, despite network security measures, our servers are potentially vulnerable to physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses and similar disruptive problems in part because we cannot control the maintenance and operation of our third-party data centers. Despite the precautions taken, unanticipated problems affecting our systems could cause interruptions in the delivery of our solutions in the future and our ability to provide a record of past transactions. Our data centers and systems incorporate varying degrees of redundancy. All data centers and systems may not automatically switch over to their redundant counterpart. We carry no business insurance policies to compensate us for losses that could occur due to any failures in our systems.
If our Internet marketing technologies contain design or performance defects, our reputation and business may be harmed and we may need to expend significant resources to address liability.
Technologies as complex as ours may contain design and/or performance defects which are not detectable even after extensive internal testing. Such defects may become apparent only after widespread commercial use. Any design or performance defects in our Internet marketing technologies could have a material and adverse effect on our reputation and business. It is not clear whether China’s existing product liability laws apply to technology products like ours. We cannot assure you that if our Internet marketing technologies are found to have design or performance defects, we will not be liable for product liability claims in China. We do not carry any product liability insurance. Our contracts with our clients currently do not contain provisions to completely limit our exposure to liabilities resulting from product liability claims. Although we have not experienced any product liability claims to date, we cannot assure you that we will not do so in the future.
Additionally, we rely on our Internet marketing technologies (particularly our ad serving technology) to enhance our Internet marketing services and our performance-based advertising network. Any defect in those technologies could hinder the effectiveness of our Internet marketing services and our performance-based advertising network, which would have a material and adverse effect on our competitiveness, business and future prospects.
We may be liable for content that we serve onto Web publishers’ websites, which could increase our expenses.
We purchase ad space and then serve our clients’ ads into that ad space. We are liable under PRC law to ensure that the content of the ads that we serve are fair and accurate and are in full compliance with applicable law. Additionally, we may be liable to third-parties for content in our clients’ ads that we serve on Web publishers’ websites or deliver through our performance-based advertising network if those ads contain artwork, text or other content that violates third-parties’ copyrights, trademarks, or other intellectual property rights or if the content is defamatory. We typically indemnify Web publishers against liability arising from the content or nature of ads that we serve on their websites. Any claims or counterclaims against us could harm our reputation, be time-consuming, could result in costly litigation and could divert management’s attention.
The successful operation of our business depends upon the performance and reliability of the Internet infrastructure and fixed telecommunications networks in China.
Our business depends on the performance and reliability of the Internet infrastructure in China. Almost all access to the Internet is maintained through state-owned telecommunication operators under the administrative control and regulatory supervision of the Ministry of Information Industry of China. In addition, the national networks in China are connected to the Internet through international gateways controlled by the PRC government. These international gateways are the only channels through which a domestic user can connect to the Internet. We cannot assure you that a more sophisticated Internet infrastructure will be developed in China. We or our clients may not have access to alternative networks in the event of disruptions, failures or other problems with China’s Internet infrastructure. In addition, the Internet infrastructure in China may not support the demands associated with our growth strategies. For example, we intend to expand our sales of rich media technologies, which are bandwidth-intensive. Limited bandwidth in China may hamper the effectiveness of our rich media technologies, which could harm our prospects and business and require us to purchase additional servers in our content distribution network.
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We depend on the leadership and services of Jason Nanchun Jiang, who is our founder, chairman, chief executive officer and our largest shareholder, and our business and growth prospects may be severely disrupted if we lose his services.
Our future success is dependent upon the continued service of Jason Nanchun Jiang, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer and our largest shareholder. We rely on his industry expertise and experience in our business operations, and in particular, his business vision, management skills, and working relationships with our employees, our other major shareholders, many of our clients and landlords and property managers of the locations in our network. We do not maintain key-man life insurance for Mr. Jiang. If he was unable or unwilling to continue in his present position, or if he joined a competitor or formed a competing company in violation of his employment agreement and noncompetition agreement, we may not be able to replace him easily or at all. As a result, our business and growth prospects may be severely disrupted if we lose his services.
We may need additional capital and we may not be able to obtain it, which could adversely affect our liquidity and financial position.
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents and cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs including for working capital and capital expenditures, for the foreseeable future. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments. If these sources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of convertible debt securities or additional equity securities, could result in additional dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations and liquidity.
Our ability to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including:
| • | | investors’ perception of, and demand for, securities of alternative advertising media companies; |
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| • | | conditions of the U.S. and other capital markets in which we may seek to raise funds |
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| • | | our future results of operations, financial condition and cash flows; |
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| • | | PRC governmental regulation of foreign investment in advertising services companies in China; |
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| • | | economic, political and other conditions in China; and |
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| • | | PRC governmental policies relating to foreign currency borrowings. |
We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition.
If we are unable to adapt to changing advertising trends and the technology needs of advertisers and consumers, we will not be able to compete effectively and we will be unable to increase or maintain our revenues which may materially and adversely affect our business prospects and revenues.
The market for out-of-home advertising requires us to continuously identify new advertising trends and the technology needs of advertisers and consumers, which may require us to develop new features and enhancements for our advertising network. The majority of our displays use 17-inch liquid crystal displays screens. We also have a growing number of displays that use larger LCD and plasma screens as well as large size LED digital billboards. Portions of our poster frame network are being upgraded to use digital poster LCD displays. Through our recent acquisition of Focus Media Wireless, we now also provide advertising services to mobile phone users over the mobile phone networks of China Mobile and China Unicom, while Allyes provides online advertising services to advertising customers. In the future, subject to relevant PRC laws and regulations, we may use other technology, such as cable or broadband networking, advanced audio technologies and high-definition panel technology. We may be required to
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incur development and acquisition costs in order to keep pace with new technology needs but we may not have the financial resources necessary to fund and implement future technological innovations or to replace obsolete technology. Furthermore, we may fail to respond to these changing technology needs. For example, if the use of wireless or broadband networking capabilities on our advertising network becomes a commercially viable alternative and meets all applicable PRC legal and regulatory requirements, and we fail to implement such changes on our commercial location network and in-store network or fail to do so in a timely manner, our competitors or future entrants into the market who do take advantage of such initiatives could gain a competitive advantage over us. If we cannot succeed in developing and introducing new features on a timely and cost-effective basis, advertiser demand for our advertising networks may decrease and we may not be able to compete effectively or attract advertising clients, which would have a material and adverse effect on our business prospects and revenues.
We may be subject to, and may expend significant resources in defending against, government actions and civil suits based on the content and services we provide through our out-of-home television advertising networks, poster frame network or mobile handset advertising network.
PRC advertising laws and regulations require advertisers, advertising operators and advertising distributors, including businesses such as ours, to ensure that the content of the advertisements they prepare or distribute are fair and accurate and are in full compliance with applicable law. Violation of these laws or regulations may result in penalties, including fines, confiscation of advertising fees, orders to cease dissemination of the advertisements and orders to publish an advertisement correcting the misleading information. In circumstances involving serious violations, the PRC government may revoke a violator’s license for advertising business operations.
As an out-of-home advertising service provider, we are obligated under PRC laws and regulations to monitor the advertising content that is shown on our out-of-home advertising networks for compliance with applicable law. In addition, each of our regional distributors is obligated under PRC laws and regulations to monitor the advertising content shown on the portion of our out-of-home television advertising network each of them operates. In general, the advertisements shown on our out-of-home television advertising network and the portion of our advertising network operated by our regional distributors have previously been broadcast over public television networks and have been subjected to internal review and verification of such networks. We and our regional distributors are still separately required to independently review and verify these advertisements for content compliance before displaying the advertisements. In addition, where a special government review is required for specific product advertisements before broadcasting, we and our regional distributors are separately obligated to confirm that such review has been performed and approval has been obtained. We employ, and our regional distributors are required under the terms of our agreements with them to employ, qualified advertising inspectors who are trained to review advertising content for compliance with relevant PRC laws and regulations. In addition, for advertising content related to specific types of products and services, such as alcohol, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and medical procedures, we and our distributors are required to confirm that the advertisers have obtained requisite government approvals including the advertiser’s operating qualifications, proof of quality inspection of the advertised products, government pre-approval of the contents of the advertisement and filing with the local authorities. We endeavor to comply, and encourage our regional distributors to take measures to comply, with such requirements, including by requesting relevant documents from the advertisers. Starting in January 2006, we began to operate a network of advertising poster frames placed primarily in elevators and public areas of residential complexes. The advertisements shown on our poster frame network are defined as print advertisements under PRC laws and regulations and are also subject to the same legal requirements as advertisements shown on our out-of-home television advertising networks. Outdoor advertisements must be registered with the local SAIC before dissemination, and advertising distributors are required to submit a registration application form and the content of the advertisement to the local SAIC and receive an advertising registration certificate from the local SAIC. Our reputation will be tarnished and our results of operations may be adversely affected if advertisement shown on our out-of-home television advertising networks, poster frame network or outdoor LED network is provided to us by our advertising clients in violation of relevant PRC advertising laws and regulations or that the supporting documentation and government approvals provided to us by our advertising clients in connection with such advertising content are not complete or that the advertisements that our regional distributors have procured for broadcasting on our network have not received required approval from the relevant local supervisory bodies or are not content compliant.
In addition, we commenced operation of our outdoor LED digital billboard network in April 2006. The placement and installation of LED billboards are subject to municipal zoning requirements and governmental
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approvals, including application for an outdoor advertising registration certificate for each LED billboard subject to a term of use of no more than six years for each LED billboard. If the existing LED billboards placed by our LED location provider or us are required to be removed, the attractiveness of this portion of our advertising network will be diminished. Moreover, failure by an owner of LED billboards to maintain outdoor advertising registration certificates would result in the inability to lease or market such space for the placement of advertisements.
China has also enacted regulations governing telecommunication service providers and the distribution of news and other information. In the past, the Chinese government has stopped the distribution of information over the Internet and telecommunications networks that it believes to violate Chinese law, including content that is pornographic or obscene, incites violence, endangers national security, is contrary to the national interest or is defamatory. China Unicom and China Mobile also have their own policies regarding the distribution of inappropriate content by wireless value-added service providers and have punished certain providers for distributing inappropriate content, including the imposition of fines and service suspensions. Focus Media Wireless undertakes to the telecommunication operators which grant us access to their mobile phone networks that we will not distribute any advertisements with illegal content. We require the Internet service providers which use our WAP-based advertising platform to provide us the same undertaking, but we cannot completely control the content of their advertisements. If any of the content that we deliver through our mobile handset advertising network is found to violate Chinese laws and regulations or the policies of China Mobile and China Unicom, we could be subject to fines or suspensions.
Moreover, civil claims may be filed against us for fraud, defamation, subversion, negligence, copyright or trademark infringement or other violations due to the nature and content of the information displayed on our advertising network. If consumers find the content displayed on our advertising network to be offensive, landlords, property managers, other location providers or telecommunication network operators may seek to hold us responsible for any consumer claims or may terminate their relationships with us.
In addition, if the security of our content management system is breached through the placement of unauthorized CF cards in our flat-panel displays and unauthorized images, text or audio sounds are displayed on our advertising network, viewers or the PRC government may find these images, text or audio sounds to be offensive, which may subject us to civil liability or government censure despite our efforts to ensure the security of our content management system. Any such event may also damage our reputation. If our advertising viewers do not believe our content is reliable or accurate, our business model may become less appealing to viewers in China and our advertising clients may be less willing to place advertisements on our advertising network.
We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may force us to incur substantial legal expenses and, if determined adversely against us, may materially disrupt our business.
We cannot be certain that our advertising displays or other aspects of our business do not or will not infringe upon patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. Although we are not aware of any such claims, we may become subject to legal proceedings and claims from time to time relating to the intellectual property of others in the ordinary course of our business. If we are found to have violated the intellectual property rights of others, we may be enjoined from using such intellectual property, and we may incur licensing fees or be forced to develop alternatives. In addition, we may incur substantial expenses in defending against these third party infringement claims, regardless of their merit. Successful infringement or licensing claims against us may result in substantial monetary liabilities, which may materially and adversely disrupt our business.
Unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties, and the expenses incurred in protecting our intellectual property rights, may adversely affect our business.
We regard our copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other intellectual property as critical to our success. Unauthorized use of the intellectual property used in our business may adversely affect our business and reputation.
We have historically relied on a combination of trademark and copyright law, trade secret protection and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. We enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with all our employees. We cannot assure you that these confidentiality agreements will not be breached, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our proprietary technology will not otherwise become known to, or be independently developed by, third parties.
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We are in the process of registering in China many of the trademarks used in our business. We cannot assure you that any of our trademark applications will ultimately proceed to registration or will result in registration with scope adequate for our business. Some of our pending applications or registration may be successfully challenged or invalidated by others. If our trademark applications are not successful, we may have to use different marks for affected services or technologies, or enter into arrangements with any third parties who may have prior registrations, applications or rights, which might not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.
In addition, policing unauthorized use of our proprietary technology, trademarks and other intellectual property is difficult and expensive, and litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights. Future litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources, and could disrupt our business, as well as have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We face significant competition, and if we do not compete successfully against new and existing competitors, we may lose our market share, and our profitability may be adversely affected.
We compete with other advertising companies in China. We compete for advertising clients primarily on the basis of network size and coverage, location, price, the range of services that we offer and our brand name. We also face competition from other out-of-home television advertising network operators for access to the most desirable locations in cities in China. Individual buildings, hotels, restaurants and other commercial locations and hypermarket, supermarket and convenience store chains may also decide to independently, or through third-party technology providers, install and operate their own flat-panel television advertising screens. We also compete for overall advertising spending with other alternative advertising media companies, such as Internet, street furniture, billboard, frame and public transport advertising companies, and with traditional advertising media, such as newspapers, television, magazines and radio.
In the future, we may also face competition from new entrants into the out-of-home television advertising sector. Our sector is characterized by relatively low fixed costs and, as is customary in the advertising industry, we do not have exclusive arrangements with our advertising clients. In addition, since December 10, 2005, wholly foreign-owned advertising companies are allowed to operate in China, which may expose us to increased competition from international advertising media companies attracted to opportunities in China.
Increased competition could reduce our operating margins and profitability and result in a loss of market share. Some of our existing and potential competitors may have competitive advantages, such as significantly greater financial, marketing or other resources, or exclusive arrangements with desirable locations, and others may successfully mimic and adopt our business model. Moreover, increased competition will provide advertisers with a wider range of media and advertising service alternatives, which could lead to lower prices and decreased revenues, gross margins and profits. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully compete against new or existing competitors.
We do not maintain any business liability disruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations, and any business liability, disruption or litigation we experience might result in our incurring substantial costs and the diversion of resources.
The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products and do not, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. While business disruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of disruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability, disruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Any business disruption or litigation may result in our incurring substantial costs and the diversion of resources.
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We may become a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, which could result in adverse U.S. tax consequences to U.S. investors.
Based upon the past and projected composition of our income and valuation of our assets, including goodwill, we believe we were not a passive foreign investment company for 2006, we do not expect to be a passive foreign investment company for 2007, and we do not expect to become one in the future, although there can be no assurance in this regard. If, however, we were a passive foreign investment company, such characterization could result in adverse U.S. tax consequences to you if you are a U.S. investor. For example, if we are a PFIC, our U.S. investors will become subject to increased tax liabilities under U.S. tax laws and regulations and will become subject to burdensome reporting requirements. The determination of whether or not we are a PFIC is made on an annual basis and will depend on the composition of our income and assets from time to time. Specifically, we will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. tax purposes if either: (i) 75% or more of our gross income in a taxable year is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of our assets by value in a taxable year which produce or are held for the production of passive income (which includes cash) is at least 50%. The calculation of the value of our assets will be based, in part, on the then market value of our ADSs, which is subject to change. We cannot assure you that we will not be a PFIC for 2006 or any future taxable year. For more information on PFICs, see “Item 10.E Additional Information Taxation — United States Federal Income Taxation”.
While we believe that we currently have adequate internal control procedures in place, we are still exposed to potential risks from legislation requiring companies to evaluate controls under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
While we believe that we currently have adequate internal control procedures in place, we are still exposed to potential risks from legislation requiring companies to evaluate controls under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, we have evaluated our internal controls systems in order to allow management to report on, and our registered independent public accounting firm to attest to, our internal controls, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We have performed the system and process evaluation and testing required in an effort to comply with the management certification and auditor attestation requirements of Section 404. As a result, we have incurred additional expenses and a diversion of management’s time. If we are not able to continue to meet the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, we might be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, such as the SEC or the Nasdaq Global Market. Any such action could adversely affect our financial results and the market price of our ADSs.
Risks Relating to Regulation of Our Business and to Our Structure
If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our China business do not comply with PRC governmental restrictions on foreign investment in the advertising industry, we could be subject to severe penalties.
Substantially all of our operations are or will be conducted through Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., or Focus Media Technology, Framedia Investment and Beijing Dotad Technology Co., Ltd., or Dotad Technology, our indirectly wholly-owned operating subsidiaries in China, Focus Media Digital Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., or Focus Media Digital, a 90%-owned subsidiary of Focus Media Technology, and New Allyes Information Technology Co., Ltd., or New Allyes Technology, which we collectively refer to as our PRC operating subsidiaries, and through our contractual arrangements with several of our consolidated affiliated entities in China. PRC regulations require any foreign entities that invest in the advertising services industry to have at least two years of direct operations in the advertising industry outside of China. Since December 10, 2005, foreign investors have been allowed to own directly 100% of PRC companies operating an advertising business if the foreign entity has at least three years of direct operations in the advertising business outside of China or less than 100% if the foreign investor has at least two years of direct operations in the advertising industry outside of China. We do not currently directly operate an advertising business outside of China and cannot qualify under PRC regulations any earlier than two or three years after we commence any such operations outside of China or until we acquire a company that has directly operated an advertising business outside of China for the required period of time. Accordingly, our PRC operating subsidiaries are currently ineligible to apply for the required licenses for providing advertising services in China. Substantially all of our advertising business is currently provided through our contractual arrangements with our PRC operating subsidiaries’ consolidated affiliated entities in China, which we collectively refer to as our PRC
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operating affiliates, including Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries with regard to our out-of-home television networks, Framedia Advertisement, Guangdong Framedia and New Structure Advertisement with regard to our poster frame network, Focus Media Wireless with regard to our mobile handset advertising network, and seven PRC companies with regard to our online advertising agency business which operate the business of Allyes, and which we refer to as the Allyes operating affiliates. Our PRC operating affiliates are currently owned in each case either (i) by two PRC citizens designated by us or (ii) by two PRC entities owned by our subsidiaries or by our designated appointees. Our PRC operating affiliates and certain of their respective subsidiaries hold the requisite licenses to provide advertising services in China. Our PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries directly operate our advertising network. We have been and are expected to continue to be dependent on these PRC operating affiliates and their subsidiaries to operate our advertising business for the foreseeable future. We have entered into contractual arrangements with PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries, pursuant to which we, through our PRC operating subsidiaries, provide technical support and consulting services to our PRC operating affiliates and their subsidiaries. In addition, we have entered into agreements with our PRC operating affiliates and each of their shareholders which provide us with the substantial ability to control these affiliates and their existing and future subsidiaries.
If we, our existing or future PRC operating subsidiaries and affiliates are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities, including the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or SAIC, which regulates advertising companies, would have broad discretion in dealing with such violations, including:
| • | | revoking the business and operating licenses of our PRC subsidiaries and affiliates; |
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| • | | discontinuing or restricting our PRC subsidiaries’ and affiliates’ operations; |
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| • | | imposing conditions or requirements with which we or our PRC subsidiaries and affiliates may not be able to comply; |
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| • | | requiring us or our PRC subsidiaries and affiliates to restructure the relevant ownership structure or operations; or |
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| • | | restricting or prohibiting our use of the proceeds of this offering to finance our business and operations in China. |
The imposition of any of these penalties would result in a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.
We rely on contractual arrangements with our PRC operating affiliates and their subsidiaries and shareholders for our China operations, which may not be as effective in providing operational control as direct ownership.
We have in the past relied, and to a lesser but significant extent will continue in the future to rely, on contractual arrangements with our PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries and shareholders to operate our advertising business. For a description of these contractual arrangements, see the sections titled “Organizational Structure” “Business Overview — Recent Developments” in Item 4. “Information on the Company” and “Item 7. — Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”. These contractual arrangements may not be as effective in providing us with control over our PRC operating affiliates and their subsidiaries as direct ownership. If we had direct ownership of our PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of those companies, which in turn could effect changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, as a legal matter, if our PRC operating affiliates or any of their subsidiaries and shareholders fails to perform its or his respective obligations under these contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and resources to enforce such arrangements, and rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure you to be effective. For example, if Jason Nanchun Jiang were to refuse to transfer his equity interest in Focus Media Advertisement to us or our designee when we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if Mr. Jiang were
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otherwise to act in bad faith toward us, then we may have to take legal action to compel him to fulfill his contractual obligations. In addition, Focus Media Advertisement, which holds certain of the business licenses required to operate our advertising network in China, is jointly owned and effectively managed by Mr. Jiang and Mr. Yu. Similarly, each of the Allyes operating affiliates, which hold the licenses necessary to operate the business of Allyes, is jointly owned by a set of two PRC nationals. Accordingly, it may be difficult for us to change our corporate structure or to bring claims against our PRC operating affiliates if they do not perform their obligations under its contracts with us or if any of the PRC citizens who hold the equity interest in our PRC operating affiliates do not cooperate with any such actions.
Many of these contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through either arbitration or litigation in the PRC. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal environment in the PRC is not as developed as in other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over our operating entities, and our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected.
Contractual arrangements we have entered into among our subsidiaries and affiliated entities may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and a finding that we owe additional taxes or are ineligible for our tax exemption, or both, could substantially increase our taxes owed, and reduce our net income and the value of your investment.
Under PRC law, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. If any of the transactions we have entered into among our subsidiaries and affiliated entities are found not to be on an arm’s-length basis, or to result in an unreasonable reduction in tax under PRC law, the PRC tax authorities have the authority to disallow our tax savings, adjust the profits and losses of our respective PRC entities and assess late payment interest and penalties. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Taxation” for a discussion of the transactions referred to above. A finding by the PRC tax authorities that Focus Media Digital, Shanghai Focus Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd., or Focus Media Advertising Agency, New Focus Media Advertisement, New Focus Media Agency, Focus Media Defeng Advertisement or New Structure Advertisement are ineligible for their tax exemptions, would substantially increase our taxes owed and reduce our net income and the value of your investment. As a result of this risk, you should evaluate our results of operations and financial condition without regard to these tax savings.
We rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our wholly-owned operating subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our operating subsidiary to pay dividends to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.
We are a holding company, and we rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC operating subsidiaries for our cash requirements, including the funds necessary to service any debt we may incur. If any of our PRC operating subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may require us to adjust our taxable income under the contractual arrangements our PRC operating subsidiaries currently have in place with our PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries in a manner that would materially and adversely affect our PRC operating subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends and other distributions to us. Furthermore, relevant PRC laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by our PRC operating subsidiaries only out of their retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Under PRC laws and regulations, each of our PRC operating subsidiaries is also required to set aside a portion of its net income each year to fund specific reserve funds. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. In addition, subject to certain cumulative limits, the statutory general reserve fund requires annual appropriations of 10% of after-tax income to be set aside prior to payment of dividends. As a result of these PRC laws and regulations, our PRC operating subsidiaries and our PRC operating affiliates are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to us whether in the form of dividends, loans or advances. As of December 31, 2006, the amount of these restricted portions was approximately $223,386,461. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC operating subsidiaries to pay dividends to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.
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Our business operations may be affected by legislative or regulatory changes.
There are no existing PRC laws or regulations that specifically define or regulate out-of-home television or mobile handset advertising. Changes in laws and regulations or the enactment of new laws and regulations governing placement or content of out-of-home advertising or distribution of mobile handset advertising, our business licenses or otherwise affecting our business in China may materially and adversely affect our business prospects and results of operations. For example, the PRC government has promulgated regulations allowing foreign companies to hold a 100%-interest in PRC advertising companies starting from December 10, 2005. We are not certain how the PRC government will implement this regulation or how it could affect our ability to compete in the advertising industry in China.
PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or prevent us from using funds to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operating subsidiaries and affiliates.
As an offshore holding company of our PRC operating subsidiaries and affiliates, we may make loans to our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated PRC affiliated entities, or we may make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries. Any loans to our PRC subsidiaries or consolidated PRC affiliated entities are subject to PRC regulations and approvals. For example:
| • | | loans by us to Focus Media Technology, Framedia Investment, Dotad Technology, or New Allyes Technology or any other of our foreign invested enterprises, to finance its activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with the PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local counterpart; and |
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| • | | loans by us to our PRC operating affiliates or their respective subsidiaries, which are domestic PRC enterprises, must be approved by the relevant government authorities and must also be registered with the PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local counterpart. |
We may also determine to finance Focus Media Technology, Focus Media Digital and New Focus Media Advertisement, New Focus Media Agency, Focus Media Defeng Advertisement or any of our foreign invested enterprises through Focus Media Technology, Framedia Investment, Dotad Technology and New Allyes Technology or our other PRC operating affiliates, by means of capital contributions. These capital contributions must be approved by the PRC Ministry of Commerce or its local counterpart. Because our PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries are domestic PRC enterprises, we are not likely to finance their activities by means of capital contributions due to regulatory issues relating to foreign investment in domestic PRC enterprises, as well as the licensing and other regulatory issues discussed in “Business Overview – Regulatory Matters” of Item 4. “Information on the Company” of this annual report. We cannot assure you that we can obtain these government registrations or approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans or capital contributions by us to Focus Media Technology, Focus Media Digital, New Focus Media Advertisement, New Focus Media Agency, Focus Media Defeng Advertisement Framedia Investment, Focus Media Advertisement, Dotad Technology, New Allyes Technology or any of their respective subsidiaries. If we fail to receive such registrations or approvals, our ability to use our funds and to capitalize our PRC operations would be negatively affected which would adversely and materially affect our liquidity and our ability to expand our business.
Risks Relating to the People’s Republic Of China
Substantially all of our assets are located in China and substantially all of our revenues are derived from our operations in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects are subject, to a significant extent, to economic, political and legal developments in China.
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The PRC’s economic, political and social conditions, as well as governmental policies, could affect the financial markets in China and our liquidity and access to capital and our ability to operate our business.
The PRC economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the amount of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While the PRC economy has experienced significant growth over the past, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures benefit the overall PRC economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. For example, under current PRC regulations, starting December 10, 2005, foreign entities are allowed to directly own 100% of a PRC advertising business if the foreign entity has at least three years of direct operations of an advertising business outside of China, or to directly own less than 100% of a PRC advertising business if the foreign entity has at least two years of direct operations of an advertising business outside of China. This may encourage foreign advertising companies with more experience, greater technological know-how and larger financial resources than we have to compete against us and limit the potential for our growth. Moreover, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us.
The PRC economy has been transitioning from a planned economy to a more market-oriented economy. Although the PRC government has implemented measures since the late 1970s emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the PRC government. In addition, the PRC government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The PRC government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency- denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. Since late 2003, the PRC government implemented a number of measures, such as raising bank reserves against deposit rates to place additional limitations on the ability of commercial banks to make loans and raise interest rates, in order to slow down specific segments of China’s economy which it believed to be overheating. These actions, as well as future actions and policies of the PRC government, could materially affect our liquidity and access to capital and our ability to operate our business.
The PRC legal system embodies uncertainties which could limit the legal protections available to you and us.
The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike common law systems, it is a system in which decided legal cases have little precedential value. In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past 26 years has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investment in China. Each of our PRC operating subsidiaries and affiliates is subject to PRC laws and regulations. However, these laws, regulations and legal requirements change frequently, and their interpretation and enforcement involve uncertainties. For example, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce the legal protection that we enjoy either by law or contract. However, since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. For example, these uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce the contracts we have entered into with the Group. In addition, such uncertainties, including the inability to enforce our contracts, could materially and adversely affect our business and operation. In addition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in China may not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. Accordingly, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in the PRC legal system, particularly with regard to the advertising industry, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the preemption of local regulations by national laws. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us, including our ability to enforce our agreements with the Group, and other foreign investors, including you.
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If tax benefits currently available to us in PRC were no longer available under the new Enterprise Income Taxes (EIT”) law which will be effective on January 1, 2008, our effective income tax rates for our PRC operations could increase.
We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands where no income taxes are imposed.
We generated substantially all our net income from our PRC operations. Our China operations are conducted through various subsidiaries and VIEs. Pursuant to the PRC Income Tax Laws, our subsidiaries and VIEs are generally subject to EIT at a statutory rate of 33%, which comprises 30% national income tax and 3% local income tax. Some of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are newly incorporated enterprises engaged in advertising industry which are entitled to a two-year tax exemption holiday, commencing from the first operating year. One of our VIEs, Beijing Focus Media Wireless Co., Ltd., is a qualified new technology enterprise and under PRC Income Tax Laws are subject to a preferential tax rate of 15%, plus a three-year tax exemption followed by three years with a 50% reduction in the tax rate, commencing from the first profitable year.
On March 16, 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress passed the China Corporate Income Tax Law which will change the income tax rates for most enterprises from 33% at the present to 25%. This new law will become effective on January 1, 2008. There will be a transition period for enterprises, whether foreign-invested or domestic, which currently receive preferential tax treatments granted by relevant tax authorities. Enterprises that are subject to an enterprise income tax rate lower than 25% may continue to enjoy the lower rate and gradually transition to the new tax rate within five years after the effective date of the new law. Enterprises that are currently entitled to exemptions or reductions from the standard income tax rate for a fixed term may continue to enjoy such treatment until the fixed term expires. Preferential tax treatments will continue to be granted to industries and projects that are strongly supported and encouraged by the state, and enterprises that qualify as “new and high technology enterprises strongly supported by the state” will be entitled to a 15% enterprise income tax rate.
Most of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are expected to transition from 33% to 25% starting from January 1, 2008. Those that currently enjoy a lower tax rate of 15% will gradually transition to the uniform tax rate of 25% from 2008 to 2012 unless the company obtains the “new and high technology enterprise” status under the new tax law.
Recent PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may increase our administrative burden and restrict our overseas and cross-border investment activity. If our shareholders who are PRC residents fail to make any required applications and filings under such regulations, we may be unable to distribute profits and may become subject to liability under PRC laws.
The PRC National Development and Reform Commission, or NDRC, and SAFE recently promulgated regulations that require PRC residents and PRC corporate entities to register with and obtain approvals from relevant PRC government authorities in connection with their direct or indirect offshore investment activities. These regulations apply to our shareholders who are PRC residents and may apply to any offshore acquisitions that we make in the future.
Under the SAFE regulations, PRC residents who make, or have previously made, direct or indirect investments in offshore companies will be required to register those investments. In addition, any PRC resident who is a direct or indirect shareholder of an offshore company is required to file with the local branch of SAFE, with respect to that offshore company, any material change involving capital variation, such as an increase or decrease in capital, transfer or swap of shares, merger, division, long term equity or debt investment or creation of any security interest over the assets located in China. If any PRC shareholder fails to make the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that offshore parent company may be prohibited from distributing their profits and the proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to their offshore parent company, and the offshore parent company may also be prohibited from injecting additional capital into their PRC subsidiaries. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described above could result in liability under PRC laws for evasion of applicable foreign exchange restrictions.
We cannot assure you that all of our shareholders who are PRC residents will comply with our request to make or obtain any registrations or approvals required under these regulations or other related legislation. Furthermore,
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as the regulations are relatively new, the PRC government has yet to publish implementing rules, and much uncertainty remains concerning the reconciliation of the new regulations with other approval requirements. It is unclear how these regulations, and any future legislation concerning offshore or cross-border transactions, will be interpreted, amended and implemented by the relevant government authorities. The failure or inability of our PRC resident shareholders to comply with these regulations may subject us to fines and legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, limit our ability to inject additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries and the ability of Focus Media Technology, Focus Media Digital, New Focus Media Advertisement, New Focus Media Agency, Focus Media Defeng Advertisement, Framedia Investment or New Allyes Technology, our PRC subsidiaries, to make distributions or pay dividends, or materially and adversely affect our ownership structure. If any of the foregoing events occur, our acquisition strategy and business operations and our ability to distribute profits to you could be materially and adversely affected. See “Exchange Controls” in Item 10. “Additional Information” in this annual report.
The PRC tax authorities may require us to pay additional taxes in connection with our acquisitions of offshore entities that conducted their PRC operations through their affiliates in China.
Our operations and transactions are subject to review by the PRC tax authorities pursuant to relevant PRC laws and regulations. However, these laws, regulations and legal requirements change frequently, and their interpretation and enforcement involve uncertainties. For example, in the case of some of our acquisitions of offshore entities that conducted their PRC operations through their affiliates in China, we cannot assure you that the PRC tax authorities will not require us to pay additional taxes in relation to such acquisitions, in particular where the PRC tax authorities take the view that the previous taxable income of the PRC affiliates of the acquired offshore entities needs to be adjusted and additional taxes be paid. In the event that the sellers failed to pay any taxes required under PRC law in connection with these transactions, the PRC tax authorities might require us to pay the tax, together with late-payment interest and penalties. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Acquisitions”.
Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively.
Substantially all of our revenues and operating expenses are denominated in Renminbi. The Renminbi is currently convertible under the “current account”, which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not under the “capital account”, which includes foreign direct investment and loans. Currently, each of Focus Media Technology and Framedia Investment may purchase foreign exchange for settlement of “current account transactions”, including payment of dividends to us, without the approval of SAFE. However, we cannot assure you that the relevant PRC governmental authorities will not further limit or eliminate our ability to purchase foreign currencies in the future. Since a significant amount of our future revenues will be denominated in Renminbi, any existing and future restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize revenues generated in Renminbi to fund our business activities outside China, if any, or expenditures denominated in foreign currencies. Foreign exchange transactions under the capital account are still subject to limitations and require approvals from, or registration with, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC governmental authorities. This could affect the ability of each of Focus Media Technology and Framedia Investment to obtain foreign exchange through debt or equity financing, including by means of loans or capital contributions from us.
Fluctuations in exchange rates could result in foreign currency exchange losses.
Because our earnings and cash and cash equivalent assets are denominated in Renminbi and the net proceeds from this offering will be denominated in U.S. dollars, fluctuations in exchange rates between U.S. dollars and Renminbi will affect the relative purchasing power of these proceeds and our balance sheet and earnings per share in U.S. dollars following this offering. In addition, appreciation or depreciation in the value of the Renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial results reported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Since July 2005 the Renminbi is no longer pegged solely to the U.S. dollar. Instead, it is reported to be pegged against a basket of currencies, determined by the People’s Bank of China, against which it can rise or fall by as much as 0.3% each day. For example, on August 8, 2007 the Renminbi was revalued against the U.S. dollar to approximately RMB7.5793 to the U.S. dollar. The Renminbi may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the long term, depending on the fluctuation of the basket of currencies against which it is currently valued or it may be permitted to enter into a full float, which may also result in a significant appreciation or depreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar. Fluctuations in the exchange rate
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will also affect the relative value of any dividend we issue in the future which will be exchanged into U.S. dollars and earnings from and the value of any U.S. dollar-denominated investments we make in the future.
Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert Renminbi into foreign currency.
Any future outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome or avian flu in China, or similar adverse public health developments, may severely disrupt our business and operations.
From December 2002 to June 2003, China and other countries experienced an outbreak of a new and highly contagious form of atypical pneumonia now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS. On July 5, 2003, the World Health Organization declared that the SARS outbreak had been contained. Since September 2003, however, a number of isolated new cases of SARS have been reported, most recently in central China in April 2004. During May and June of 2003, many businesses in China were closed by the PRC government to prevent transmission of SARS. In addition, many countries, including China, have encountered incidents of the H5N1 strain of bird flu, or avian flu. This disease, which is spread through poultry populations, is capable in some circumstances of being transmitted to humans and is often fatal. A new outbreak of SARS or an outbreak of avian flu may result in health or other government authorities requiring the closure of our offices or other businesses, including office buildings, retail stores and other commercial venues, which comprise the primary locations where we provide our out-of-home television and poster frame advertising services. Any recurrence of the SARS outbreak, an outbreak of avian flu or a development of a similar health hazard in China, may deter people from congregating in public places, including a range of commercial locations such as office buildings and retail stores. Such occurrences would severely impact the value of our out-of-home television and poster frame advertising networks to advertisers, significantly reduce the advertising time purchased by advertisers and severely disrupt our business and operations.
Risks Relating to Our ADSs and Our Trading Markets
The price of our ADSs has been volatile and may continue to be volatile, which may make it difficult for holders to resell the ADSs when desired or at attractive prices.
The trading price of our ADSs has been and may continue to be subject to wide fluctuations. Since July 13, 2005, the closing prices of our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Market has ranged from $8.90 to $51.20 per ADS and the last reported sale price on August 8, 2007 was $41.73. From July 13, 2005 until April 10, 2007, we used an ADS-to-share ratio of 10-to-one. Starting April 11, 2007, we reduced this ratio to five-to-one. All ADS trading prices on the Nasdaq set forth in this annual report, including historical trading and closing prices, have been adjusted to reflect the new ADS-to-share ratio of five-to-one. Our ADS price may fluctuate in response to a number of events and factors. The financial markets in general, and the market prices for many PRC companies in particular, have experienced extreme volatility that often has been unrelated to the operating performance of such companies.
In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for our ADSs may be highly volatile for specific business reasons. Factors such as variations in our revenues, earnings and cash flow, announcements of new investments, cooperation arrangements or acquisitions, and fluctuations in market prices for our advertising network could cause the market price for our ADSs to change substantially. Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which our ADSs will trade. We cannot give any assurance that these factors will not occur in the future.
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A significant percentage of our outstanding ordinary shares is beneficially owned by Jason Nanchun Jiang, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, and as a result, he may have significantly greater influence on us and our corporate actions by nature of the size of his shareholdings relative to our public shareholders.
Jason Nanchun Jiang beneficially owns approximately 9.9% of our outstanding ordinary shares. Accordingly, Jason Nanchun Jiang has significant influence in determining the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to the shareholders for approval, including mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. Further, Jason Nanchun Jiang is also an 85% shareholder of our affiliated PRC entity, Focus Media Advertisement, with which we have contractual arrangements that are essential to our business. The continuing cooperation of Focus Media Advertisement, and its shareholders, branches and subsidiaries, is important to our business. Without Jason Nanchun Jiang’s consent, we could be prevented from entering into transactions or conducting business that could be beneficial to us. Accordingly, Mr. Jiang’s control of Focus Media Advertisement could hinder any change in control of our business, particularly where such change of control would benefit shareholders other than Mr. Jiang. It would be difficult for us to change our corporate structure if any disputes arise between us and Mr. Jiang or if he fails to carry out his contractual and fiduciary obligations to us. Thus, Jason Nanchun Jiang’s interests as an officer and employee may differ from his interests as a shareholder or from the interests of our other shareholders, including you.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents may discourage any hostile acquisition attempt by a third party, which could limit our shareholders’ opportunity to sell their shares at a premium.
Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association include provisions that could limit the ability of others to acquire control of us, modify our structure or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of us in a tender offer or similar transaction.
For example, our board of directors will have the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preference shares in one or more series and to fix the powers and rights of these shares, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our ordinary shares. Preference shares could thus be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control or make removal of management more difficult. In addition, if the Board of Directors issues preference shares, the market price of our ordinary shares may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ordinary shares may be adversely affected.
In addition, some actions require the approval of a supermajority of at least two thirds of our board of directors which, among other things, would allow our non-independent directors to block a variety of actions or transactions, such as a merger, asset sale or other change of control, even if all of our independent directors unanimously voted in favor of such action, further depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium. In addition, our directors serve terms of three years each, which terms are not staggered. The length of these terms could present an additional obstacle against the taking of action, such as a merger or other change of control, that could be in the interest of our shareholders.
We are a Cayman Islands company and, because judicial precedent regarding the rights of shareholders is more limited under Cayman Islands law than under U.S. law, you may have less protection of your shareholder rights than you would under U.S. law.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the Cayman Islands Companies Law and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. In addition, some
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U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands.
As a result of all of the above, public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a U.S. company.
Judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.
We are a Cayman Islands company and substantially all of our assets are located outside of the United States. All of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not resident in the United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether such Cayman Islands or PRC courts would be competent to hear original actions brought in the Cayman Islands or the PRC against us or such persons predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state.
The voting rights of holders of ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement.
Holders of our ADSs may only exercise their voting rights with respect to the underlying ordinary shares in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Upon receipt of voting instructions from a holder of ADSs in the manner set forth in the deposit agreement, the depositary will endeavor to vote the underlying ordinary shares in accordance with these instructions. Under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and Cayman Islands law, the minimum notice period required for convening a general meeting is ten days. When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient notice of a shareholders’ meeting to permit you to withdraw your ordinary shares to allow you to cast your vote with respect to any specific matter at the meeting. In addition, the depositary and its agents may not be able to send voting instructions to you or carry out your voting instructions in a timely manner. We will make all reasonable efforts to cause the depositary to extend voting rights to you in a timely manner, but we cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote your shares. Furthermore, the depositary and its agents will not be responsible for any failure to carry out any instructions to vote, for the manner in which any vote is cast or for the effect of any such vote. As a result, you may not be able to exercise your right to vote and you may lack recourse if your ordinary shares are not voted as you requested.
The depositary for our ADSs will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our ordinary shares underlying your ADSs if you do not vote at shareholders’ meetings, except in limited circumstances, which could adversely affect your interests.
Under the deposit agreement for the ADSs, the depositary will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our ordinary shares underlying your ADSs at shareholders’ meetings if you do not vote, unless:
| • | | we have failed to timely provide the depositary with our notice of meeting and related voting materials; |
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| • | | we have instructed the depositary that we do not wish a discretionary proxy to be given; |
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| • | | we have informed the depositary that there is substantial opposition as to a matter to be voted on at the meeting; |
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| • | | a matter to be voted on at the meeting would have a material adverse impact on shareholders; or |
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| • | | voting at the meeting is made on a show of hands. |
The effect of this discretionary proxy is that you cannot prevent our ordinary shares underlying your ADSs from being voted, absent the situations described above, and it may make it more difficult for shareholders to influence the management of our company. Holders of our ordinary shares are not subject to this discretionary proxy.
You may not receive distributions on our ordinary shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical to make them available to you.
The depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian for our ADSs receives on our ordinary shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of our ordinary shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary is not responsible if it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, it would be unlawful to make a distribution to a holder of ADSs if it consists of securities that require registration under the Securities Act but that are not properly registered or distributed pursuant to an applicable exemption from registration. The depositary is not responsible for making a distribution available to any holders of ADSs if any government approval or registration required for such distribution cannot be obtained after reasonable efforts made by the depositary. We have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of our ADSs, ordinary shares, rights or anything else to holders of our ADSs. This means that you may not receive the distributions we make on our ordinary shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us to make them available to you. These restrictions may have a material and adverse effect on the value of your ADSs.
You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.
Your ADSs represented by American Depositary Receipts are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. The depositary may close its books from time to time for a number of reasons, including in connection with corporate events such as a rights offering, during which time the depositary needs to maintain an exact number of ADS holders on its books for a specified period. The depositary may also close its books in emergencies, and on weekends and public holidays. The depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of our ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary thinks it is advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. History and Development of the Company
Our legal and commercial name is Focus Media Holding Limited. Our principal executive offices are located at 28-30/F, Zhao Feng World Trade Building, 369 Jiangsu Road, Shanghai 200050 PRC, and our telephone number is 86-21-3212-4661. Our Internet website address iswww.focusmedia.cn. Our predecessor company, Shanghai Aiqi Advertisement Co., Ltd., or Aiqi Advertisement, was established by immediate family members of Jason Nanchun Jiang in September 1997 and operated as an advertising agency. In May 2003, Aiqi Advertisement discontinued its advertising agency business, was renamed Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., commenced operation of our out-of-home television advertising network in China and reorganized its shareholdings. At the same time, we entered into arrangements with Focus Media Advertisement that resulted in the consolidation of Focus Media Advertisement. Following this reorganization Jason Nanchun Jiang continued to hold a controlling interest in Focus Media Advertisement.
In conjunction with the change in our business model in May 2003 and to facilitate foreign investment in our company, we established our offshore holding company, Focus Media Holding Limited as a company registered in the British Virgin Islands. On April 1, 2005, we completed the process of changing Focus Media Holding Limited’s corporate domicile to the Cayman Islands and we are now a Cayman Islands company. On July 13, 2005, our ADSs were listed for quotation on the NASDAQ Global Market and on July 19, we and certain of our shareholders completed an initial public offering and sale of 11,615,000 ADSs.
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In January 2006, we acquired Infoachieve Limited which is also referred to as Framedia throughout this annual report,, which operates a network of advertising poster frames placed primarily in elevators and public areas of residential complexes in China.
In January 2006, we and certain of our shareholders completed a public offering and sale of 7,415,389 ADSs.
In February 2006, we acquired Target Media. Target Media operates an out-of-home advertising network using flat-panel displays placed in elevator lobbies and other public areas in commercial buildings, hospitals, hotels, banks, residential buildings, convenience stores and other locations in cities in China. Since the completion of the acquisition of Target Media, the legal entities of Target Media and its affiliates and subsidiaries have been dissolved and their operations have been integrated with our operations.
In March 2006, we acquired Dotad Media Holdings, which operates a mobile-phone advertising service in China through China Mobile and China Unicom’s mobile phone networks. Following the acquisition of Dotad Media Holdings, we renamed the acquired company Focus Media Wireless Co., Ltd., which is also referred to as Focus Media Wireless throughout this annual report.
On June 21, 2006, we and certain of our shareholders completed a public offering and sale of 7,700,000 ADSs.
In August 2006, we acquired Pinone Advertisement Co., Ltd., or Pinone, a British Virgin Islands company which operates an advertising poster frame network in Shanghai through its PRC affiliated entity similar to our poster frame advertising network.
In September 2006, we completed the acquisition of 70% of the equity interest in Appreciate Capital Limited, or ACL, a British Virgin Islands company. ACL, through its affiliated PRC entity, leases screen time from movie theaters in cities in China, which it then sells as screen time slots to advertisers.
In September 2006, certain of our shareholders completed a public offering and sale of 2,459,345 ADSs.
In September 2006, Jason Nanchun Jiang, our chairman and chief executive officer, entered into a variable pre-paid forward contract with Credit Suisse, pursuant to which he pledged and monetized 20 million of our ordinary shares held by him.
We signed a definitive term sheet to acquire 90% of Fengjing Advertisement Company, or Fengjing, in July 2006 to further expand our outdoor LED network in Shanghai. During the fourth quarter of 2006, we completed the acquisition of Fengjing Advertisement.
In March 2007, we completed the acquisition of Allyes Information Technology Company Limited, or Allyes, a Cayman Islands company, which operates an Internet advertising marketing agency and technology services company through its PRC affiliated entities. Allyes is the largest Internet advertising agency and provider of Internet advertising technology in China. Its proprietary software application suite, ‘AdForward’, which covers all aspects of online ad publishing, creative production, tracking, targeting, and performance analysis, is used by a majority of independent commercial websites and ad agencies in China. Under the terms of the agreement, the Group acquired a 100% equity stake of Allyes for US$70.0 million in cash and US$155.0 million in the form of Focus Media ordinary shares (valued at US$38.81 per ADS, each of which represents five Focus Media ordinary shares), and an additional payment of up to US$75.0 million in Focus Media ordinary shares (valued at US$38.81 per ADS) contingent upon Allyes meeting certain earnings targets during the twelve month period from April 1, 2007 to March 31, 2008. David Zhu, the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Allyes, signed an employment agreement with the Group and remains in his position as chief executive officer of Allyes.
For a description of our principal capital expenditures and divestitures, see “Acquisitions” and “Capital Expenditure” in “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Acquisitions” and “—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Expenditures”.
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B. Business Overview
We operate the largest out-of-home advertising network in China using audiovisual television displays, based on the number of locations and number of flat-panel television displays in our network. It is our goal to create the largest multi-platform digital media network in China, reaching urban consumers at strategic locations over a number of media formats, including audiovisual television displays in buildings and stores, advertising poster frames and other new and innovative media, such as outdoor LED digital billboard, mobile handset advertising networks and via Internet advertising platforms. As of December 31, 2006, our out-of-home advertising network consisted of the following:
| • | | our commercial location network, which refers to our network of flat-panel television displays placed in high-traffic areas of commercial buildings, such as in lobbies and near elevators, as well as in beauty parlors, karaoke parlors, golf country clubs, auto shops, banks, pharmacies, hotels, airports, airport shuttle buses and in-air flights. Our commercial location network is also marketed to advertisers as six separate channels targeting different types of consumers: our premier A and B office building channels, our travel channel, our fashion channel, our elite channel and our healthcare channel; |
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| • | | our in-store network, which refers to our network of flat-panel television displays placed in specific product areas such as the personal care and food and beverage sections and other store locations with high-traffic concentration such as the main aisles and check-out lines in large-scale chain retail stores, which are referred to in China as hypermarkets, as well as inside selected supermarkets and convenience stores; |
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| • | | our poster frame network, which refers to our network of advertising poster frames placed mainly in the elevators and public areas of residential complexes which we market under the brand name Framedia; |
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| • | | our mobile handset advertising network, which refers to our mobile handset advertising services operated through Focus Media Wireless offered on the mobile telecommunications networks of China Mobile Communications Corporation, or China Mobile, and China United Telecommunications Corporation, or China Unicom; |
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| • | | our outdoor LED network, which refers to our network of leased 5’ x 5’ LED digital billboards installed on the street-sides in major shopping districts and other locations with high pedestrian traffic in Shanghai; and |
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| • | | our movie theater network, which refers to our network of movie theaters throughout China in which we have leased approximately three minutes of screen-time prior to each showing of a movie. |
We derive revenue principally by:
| • | | selling advertising time slots on our commercial location, in-store, outdoor LED and movie theater networks, which we refer to collectively as our out-of-home television advertising networks; |
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| • | | selling frame space on our poster frame network; |
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| • | | selling advertisements on our WAP-based mobile handset advertising network; and |
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| • | | following our acquisition of Allyes in March 2007, providing advertising agency and technology services for on-line advertising through Allyes. |
A majority of the content displayed on our commercial location and in-store networks consists of advertisements which are broadcast repeatedly approximately 60 times per day in twelve minute cycles. Some of our regional distributors use a nine-minute cycle. Advertisements on our outdoor LED network are broadcast repeatedly using a six-minute cycle. Our poster frame network consists of advertising poster frames placed in elevators and public areas in residential complexes and commercial locations. For advertising poster frames placed in elevators,
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generally two or three advertising poster frames can be placed in each elevator. Advertisements on our mobile handset advertising network are WAP-based advertisements that are sent to mobile handset users over China Mobile’s and China Unicom’s networks.
As of December 31, 2006, approximately 2,700 advertisers purchased advertising time slots on our out-of-home television advertising networks. Our five largest advertising clients in terms of revenue, which include leading international and domestic brand name advertisers, were Dong Feng Auto (including joint venture brands with Toyota and Peugeot), China Mobile, IchiMore, Meng Niu Diary and Volkswagen, which together accounted for approximately 10.1% of our revenue in 2006.
Since we commenced our current business operations in May 2003, we have experienced significant growth in our network and in our financial results. As of December 31, 2006, we operated our commercial location network directly in a total of 51 cities throughout China, comprising (i) Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, which we refer to as our Tier I cities, and (ii) 47 other directly operated cities. As of December 31, 2006, we covered an additional 40 cities through contractual arrangements with regional distributors that, together with the other 47 directly operated cities, we refer to as our Tier II cities. Between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2006, the number of displays in our commercial location network increased from 15,415 to 85,460. As of December 31, 2006, our commercial location network operated by our regional distributors consisted of approximately 5,197 flat-panel displays. We commenced commercial operations of our in-store network in April 2005. As of December 31, 2006, our in-store network consisted of 38,742 flat-panel displays placed in 3,898 store locations in our directly operated cities, including 1,100 hypermarkets, 979 supermarkets and 1,819 convenience stores. As of December 31, 2006, we had installed over 99,700 advertising poster frames in our poster frame network primarily in six cities throughout China, including our Tier I cities. Our outdoor LED network consists of 5’ x 5’ digital billboards placed along curbsides in high-pedestrian traffic areas in Shanghai.
The following table sets forth operating data related to our network for the periods indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For and as of the three months ended |
| | | | | | | | | | September | | December | | | | | | | | | | September | | December |
| | March 31, | | June 30, | | 30, | | 31, | | March 31, | | June 30, | | 30, | | 31, |
| | 2005 | | 2005 | | 2005 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2006 | | 2006 | | 2006 |
Commercial location network: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of displays: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Our direct cities | | | 16,025 | | | | 20,267 | | | | 34,079 | | | | 45,049 | | | | 71,230 | | | | 69,446 | | | | 68,723 | | | | 80,263 | |
Our regional distributors(1) | | | 1,847 | | | | 2,664 | | | | 3,273 | | | | 3,177 | | | | 3,779 | | | | 3,712 | | | | 5,290 | | | | 5,197 | |
Total | | | 17,872 | | | | 22,931 | | | | 37,352 | | | | 48,226 | | | | 75,009 | | | | 73,158 | | | | 74,013 | | | | 85,460 | |
Time slot data:(2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of time slots available for sale | | | 6,010 | | | | 6,737 | | | | 8,346 | | | | 9,028 | | | | 10,717 | | | | 11,314 | | | | 15,679 | | | | 15,939 | |
Number of time slots sold | | | 1,998 | | | | 3,057 | | | | 4,240 | | | | 4,648 | | | | 3,904 | | | | 5,369 | | | | 6,111 | | | | 8,533 | |
Utilization rate(3) | | | 33.2 | % | | | 45.4 | % | | | 50.8 | % | | | 51.5 | % | | | 36.4 | % | | | 47.5 | % | | | 39.0 | % | | | 53.5 | % |
In-store network: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of displays in our in- store network | | | 3,149 | | | | 12,779 | | | | 20,061 | | | | 27,849 | | | | 33,765 | | | | 35,511 | | | | 36,387 | | | | 38,742 | |
Number of stores in our in-store network | | | 423 | | | | 1,835 | | | | 2,702 | | | | 4,130 | | | | 5,218 | | | | 4,174 | | | | 3,894 | | | | 1,100 | |
Time slot data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of time slots available for sale | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 245,314 | | | | 261,360 | | | | 273,909 | | | | 318,342 | |
Number of time slots sold | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 76,498 | | | | 87,450 | | | | 90,647 | | | | 97,774 | |
Utilization rate(3) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 31.2 | % | | | 33.5 | % | | | 33.1 | % | | | 30.7 | % |
Poster Frame Network: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of frames installed in our poster frame network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 74,353 | | | | 82,200 | | | | 95,878 | | | | 99,784 | |
Frame slot data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of frame slots available for sale | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 208,659 | | | | 243,959 | | | | 267,603 | | | | 294,294 | |
Number of frame slots sold | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 90,262 | | | | 154,793 | | | | 160,437 | | | | 166,825 | |
Occupancy rate(4) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 43.3 | % | | | 63.5 | % | | | 60.0 | % | | | 56.7 | % |
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(1) | | Data that has been provided by our regional distributors is based on the results of surveys we requested them to provide to us and it is possible such data is not entirely accurate or exact. |
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(2) | | Starting January 1, 2006, time slot data presented for our commercial location network includes only data related to our premier office building A channel. For December 31, 2006, advertising services revenues from our premier office building A channel accounted for 69% of advertising service revenue for our commercial location network. |
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(3) | | Utilization rate refers to total time slots sold as a percentage of total time slots available during the relevant period. |
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(4) | | Occupancy rate refers to the total frame space sold as a percentage of total frame space available during the relevant period. |
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe we have the following competitive strengths:
Effective and Focused Advertising Network Accepted by Both Advertisers and Consumers.
Since commencing our current business operations in May 2003, we have created an advertising network that:
| • | | Targets Segmented Consumer Groups. Our flat-panel displays and frames are primarily placed in venues that have a high concentration of consumers with higher-than-average disposable incomes or that have a high concentration of consumers who are likely to be interested in particular types of products and services. As a result, our network enables advertisers to target consumers with demographic profiles attractive to them. Moreover, our network allows advertisers to further segment these consumers through separate specified advertising channels, such as our premier A and B office building channels, our travel channel, our fashion channel, our elite channel and our healthcare channel, which are marketed as stand-alone channels of our commercial location network. Because our network is able to target specific consumer groups, it allows advertisers to more cost-effectively reach consumers with demographic profiles desirable to them. In addition, our Focus Media Wireless services, target consumers based on their demographic characteristics and consumer preferences, while our advertising services through Allyes are performance based and allow advertisers to target consumers based on their consumer preferences and behavior. |
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| • | | Reaches Captive Viewers in Low Distraction Environments. Our flat-panel displays are placed in lobbies, near elevator banks and in other environments where there are few broadcast or display media competing for viewers’ attention, which we believe increases the effectiveness of our network. In addition, the advertising poster frames on our poster frame network are placed primarily in elevators of residential complexes presenting advertisements to viewers in what we believe is a relatively captive and low-distraction environment. |
We believe these characteristics and advantages of our business model have made us an effective and well-accepted alternative advertising medium with a strong market position that enables us to compete successfully in China’s advertising market.
The Largest Out-of-home Television Advertising Network in China with Nation-wide Coverage
We believe we operate the largest out-of-home television advertising network in China based on the number of locations and the number of flat-panel displays in our network. As of December 31, 2006, we operated:
| • | | 80,623 flat-panel displays in 51 cities in China directly and an additional 5,197 flat-panel displays installed in 40 cities in China through our regional distributors; and |
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| • | | 38,742 flat-panel displays installed in 1,100 hypermarkets, 979 supermarkets and 1,819 convenience stores in cities in China. |
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Sustainable Competitive Advantages through the Size of Our Network and Our Exclusive, Renewable Agreements.
We believe the following factors provide us with a sustainable business advantage over existing and prospective competitors:
| • | | Early Market Presence and Coverage in Many of the Most Desirable Locations. We were one of the first companies to establish a large-scale out-of-home television advertising network in commercial buildings and other commercial locations in China. By recognizing this market opportunity and entering this sector early, we have occupied many of the most desirable locations and have grown the size of our network, which we believe has created high barriers to entry for potential competitors. We believe that we have secured a high percentage of the most desirable locations in many of China’s major urban centers, and that this early market presence advantage is important because landlords and building managers typically permit only one out-of-home television advertising network operation in each building. We believe that, through our acquisition of Target Media, we have enhanced these advantages. Through our acquisition of Framedia, we also gain a strong market presence in the poster frame advertising market in residential complexes. We also believe we have established the first outdoor LED digital billboard advertising network in China, currently comprising approximately 200 5’ x 5’ LED digital billboards placed in high pedestrian traffic outdoor locations in Shanghai. |
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| • | | Large-scale Network that Attracts Advertising Clients. Our multi-platform out-of-home advertising network includes flat-panel displays located in a wide range of commercial, retail locations and in-store locations in over 90 cities in China, poster frames placed in residential complexes in cities in China, LED digital billboards placed in high pedestrian curbside locations in Shanghai, and advertising services provided to mobile handset users. We believe the extent of our network coverage makes us more attractive to advertising clients than competing networks. Through the number of advertising media platforms we operate and the national scope of our network, we enable advertising clients to reach a wide audience in urban consumer markets across China. We believe the size and scope of our network has attained a scale that draws advertising clients to our network and gives us a competitive edge over competing networks as well as over many traditional advertising media. |
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| • | | Exclusive and Renewable Display Placement Agreements. The majority of our display placement agreements on our out-of-home television advertising networks give us the exclusive right to place our flat-panel displays in the elevator and lobby areas of the locations in which we operate and, in the cities we operate directly, give us the right to renew the contract under terms that are no less favorable than those offered by competing bidders, enabling us to maintain exclusive coverage of many of the most desirable locations in our network for significant lengths of time. |
We believe our high market share of desirable locations in key cities in China, the wide extent of our network coverage and the exclusivity and renewal terms contained in the majority of our display placement agreements with landlords and property managers create higher barriers to entry for potential competitors than other out-of-home and outdoor advertising business models, such as billboards.
Our Brand Name And Reputation Have Attracted A Large Base Of Leading Advertising Clients.
We believe we are building a respected brand name in the advertising industry in China by developing a reputation for innovative and effective delivery of large-scale yet focused high-quality television advertising to consumers with desirable demographic profiles. This has enabled us to develop a strong client base consisting of major international and brand name advertisers such as Dong Feng Auto (including joint venture brands with Toyota and Peugeot), China Mobile, IchiMore, Meng Niu Diary and Volkswagen, which together accounted for approximately 10.1% of our revenue in 2006. Nine out of our top ten advertisers based on total advertising contracts in 2005 had entered into advertising contracts with us in 2005. Moreover, the total contract amount accounted for by these advertisers increased by approximately 123.5% from 2005 to 2006. In addition, as of December 31, 2006, more than 2,700 advertisers purchased advertising time on our out-of-home television networks. The strength and depth of our client base enhance our reputation in the industry and position us to further expand our advertising network.
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We believe our acquisitions of Framedia, Focus Media Wireless and Allyes have further enhanced our brand name as a leading digital media company in China.
Strong Management and Sales Team with Extensive Industry Experience.
We have assembled a management and sales team with extensive experience in China’s advertising industry. Jason Nanchun Jiang, our founder, chairman, chief executive officer and a principal shareholder, has over 10 years of experience in China’s advertising industry, including his previous experience until 2003 as chief executive officer of Shanghai Everease Advertising Corporation, or Everease. Daniel Wu, our chief financial officer, has over six years of experience in investment banking, including for Merrill Lynch and Lehman Brothers, and served as chief financial officer of Harbour Networks, a telecommunications equipment provider in China. In August 2005, we hired our chief operating officer Cindy Chan, who was deputy general manager for iMPACT, ZenithOptimedia’s outdoor media department and the largest outdoor media buyer in China. With our acquisition of Framedia, Zhi Tan, who was chairman and chief executive officer of Framedia and now serves as president of the Group. Following our acquisition of Target Media, David Yu, the founder and former chairman and chief executive officer of Target Media, continues to act as co-chairman. Following our acquisition of Allyes, David Zhu, the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Allyes, had added his entrepreneurial and management expertise and remains on as chief executive officer of Allyes. In addition, we employ experienced and knowledgeable managers to run operations in each of the cities we operate directly. Our marketing managers have many years of experience in the advertising industry in China and have worked for a number of major domestic and international advertising firms in China. We believe the strength and experience of our management and sales teams have enabled us to expand our advertising network, enhance our reputation in our industry and build up a strong client base.
Our Strategies
Our objective is to become the number one digital media company in China. We intend to achieve this objective by implementing the following strategies:
Enhance Our Market Position and Revenues by Expanding Our Networks.
We intend to aggressively expand our out-of-home digital media networks in order to erect barriers to expansion and entry by current and prospective competitors, enhance critical mass appeal to our advertisers, and increase our fee rates and revenues. To achieve this goal, we intend to increase the number of locations and flat-panel and poster frame displays in our network.We intend to aggressively enter into new display and poster frame placement agreements to increase the number of locations in which we install our flat-panel displays and poster frames in order to enhance our current position in many of the most desirable locations in key urban areas in China.
Identify And Create New Networks and Advertising Channels that Target Specific Consumer Demographics and Expands Network Capacity.
In-store Network. We commenced commercial operations of our in-store network in April 2005, enabling our advertising clients to target consumers at the time and place where consumers are likely to purchase a range of consumer and household products. As of December 31, 2006, we had placed 38,742 flat-panel displays in 3,898 locations on our in-store network. We intend to expand this network and will continue to strengthen efforts to enter into long-term and exclusive relationships with hypermarkets, supermarkets and convenience stores and to market this service to advertisers.
Targeted Advertising Channels. We have placed flat-panel displays in office buildings, shopping malls, restaurants, beauty parlors, golf country clubs, automobile repair shops, banks, pharmacies, airports, hospitals and other commercial locations. As many of these venues are suitable for targeting specific consumer groups, we have begun to separate some of them into distinct stand-alone networks and to market them to specific advertising clients who wish to advertise their products and services to targeted consumer groups. Currently, our premier A and B office building channels, travel channel, fashion channel, elite channel and healthcare channel are marketed as independent channels of our commercial location network, as we believe these channels are attractive to a diverse range of advertisers who wish to target consumers likely to frequent these venues. We believe our ability to identify and create
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focused advertising networks distinguishes us from our competitors and attracts additional advertising clients who will use our services to reach their target consumers in a more effective manner.
Complementary Advertising Media Platforms. We intend to continue expanding the scope of our advertising activities and type of media platforms we employ by entering into new types of advertising media businesses, such as large-size outdoor LED digital billboards, telecommunications channels such as Focus Media Wireless, and online opportunities such as Allyes. We believe by expanding our business into complementary media businesses that focus on venues and at periods of the day less comprehensively covered by traditional advertising media, we will enhance the value of our advertising services to advertisers and provide us with a marketing advantage over existing and potential competitors. We intend to continue expanding into new and complementary advertising media platforms, which will enable us to provide advertisers with additional advertising platforms to reach targeted consumers.
Promote Our Brand Name and Augment Our Service Offerings to Attract a Wider Client Base and Increase Revenues.
Enhancing our brand name in the industry will allow us to solidify and broaden our client base by enhancing market awareness of our services and our ability to target discrete consumer groups more effectively than mass media. We believe the low cost of reaching consumers with higher-than-average disposable incomes through our network and our development of additional advertising media platforms and channels within our network we plan to develop in the future can enable advertisers to reach that goal. As we increase our advertising client base and increase sales, demand for and sale of time slots and frame space on our network will grow.
Continue to Explore New Digital Media Opportunities to Target Segmented Consumer Groups.
Consumer acceptance of technology-driven advertising and entertainment media, including the Internet and advanced mobile communications systems, is a feature of the advertising industry in China. We intend to identify and take advantage of new opportunities in the PRC advertising market in order to enhance our ability to target segmented consumer groups through innovative advertising techniques and media. As new opportunities that fit our brand image and business model present themselves, we expect to expand our operations and continue to pursue innovative advertising techniques and media that provide effective solutions to advertising clients and target consumers with desirable demographic profiles as we have already done with our acquisitions of Focus Media Wireless and Allyes.
Our Network
Our network includes:
| • | | commercial locations, which consists of our premier A and B office building, travel, fashion, elite and healthcare channels, each of which can be marketed separately to advertisers; |
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| • | | supermarkets, convenience stores and large-scale chain retail stores, which we refer to as hypermarkets, comprising our in-store network; |
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| • | | our poster frame network of advertising poster frames placed primarily in elevators and public areas of residential complexes and marketed under the brand name Framedia; |
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| • | | our mobile handset advertising network offered on China Mobile’s and China Unicom’s mobile telecommunications networks; |
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| • | | LED digital billboards installed on the street-sides in major shopping districts and other locations with high pedestrian traffic in Shanghai; |
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| • | | our movie theatre network of movie theatres throughout China which have leased to us approximately three minutes of screen-time prior to each showing of a movie; and |
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| • | | our Internet advertising marketing and services agency, which refers to the business operated by Allyes, which includes digital marketing technologies, digital marketing services and digital performance-based media. |
Our commercial locations network and in-store network use audiovisual flat-panel LCD and plasma displays, while Framedia’s poster frame network consists of advertising poster frames. Our mobile handset advertising services consist of the sale of short message advertisements that are delivered to mobile handset users through the mobile telecommunication networks of China’s mobile telecommunications operators. Our outdoor LED network uses large 5’ x 5’ LED digital billboards . Our Internet advertising marketing services business has provided performance-based advertising services and integrated software packages to websites and businesses advertising on the Internet in China.
Commercial Location Network
The majority of displays on our commercial location network are currently placed in high-traffic areas of commercial office buildings. The locations in our commercial location network also include shopping malls, banks and hotels as well as more specialized locations such as hospitals, beauty parlors and golf country clubs. We market our commercial location network to advertisers of consumer products and services, such as automobiles, home electronics, mobile communications devices and services, cosmetics, health products and financial services. As of December 31, 2006, our commercial location network, including the portions of our commercial location network operated by our regional distributors, was comprised of approximately 85,460 flat-panel displays placed in 91 cities throughout China. We operate our commercial location network directly in 51 cities and indirectly through contractual arrangements with regional distributors in an additional 40 cities. We have established joint ventures in several cities outside of mainland China, including Hong Kong, Taipei and Singapore through contracts with local operators which operate local commercial locations networks and which license our brand name. None of these arrangements outside of China currently constitutes a material part of our business.
As we expand the number of venues in our commercial location network, we continue to separate certain types of venues into distinct stand-alone channels of this network. As of December 31, 2006, we had established 8 such stand-alone channels that are marketed as separate focused channels of our commercial location network: our premier office building A and B, travel, fashion, elite, LED, IT Mall and healthcare channels. We believe that by increasingly offering new advertising channels on our out-of-home television networks, we will be able to offer advertisers more targeted and effective audience reach, thereby enabling us to increase our advertising rates.
Expanding our network through regional distributors enables us to provide our advertisers with broader nationwide coverage and to test, develop and evaluate these regional advertising markets without our having to incur start-up and ongoing expenses at the early stages of their development. We also seek to acquire our regional distributors when we believe it is more likely for us to benefit economically from the full integration of their operations into our network. We do not have the contractual right to purchase our regional distributors, and any such acquisition must be negotiated with each regional distributor separately.
Each of our regional distributors operates independently from us and is responsible for independently complying with all relevant PRC laws and regulations including those related to advertising. We periodically monitor our regional distributors to ensure they have obtained all required licenses and are complying with regulations relating to advertising content. See “Item 3.D Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry — One or more of our regional distributors could engage in activities that are harmful to our reputation in the industry and to our business”.
In-store Network
As part of our growth strategy, we commenced operations of our in-store network in April 2005. As of December 31, 2006, we had placed 38,742 flat-panel displays in 1,100 hypermarkets, 979 supermarkets and 1,819 convenience stores throughout China. We believe the rapid expansion of hypermarkets and other chain retail stores in China provides opportunities and incentives for advertisers to take advantage of in-store television advertising networks such as our in-store network. Our in-store network primarily attracts advertisers of food and beverage products, household, kitchen and bathroom products, and household appliances.
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Poster Frame Network
We own and operate a network of advertising poster frames deployed primarily in the elevators and public areas of residential complexes under the brand name “Framedia”. We place two or three advertising frames in each elevator in which we lease space and sell frame space to advertising clients on a per frame per month basis. As of December 31, 2006, we had installed approximately 99,700 frames in cities throughout China. We recently announced the upgrading of some of the poster frames on our poster frame network to digital frames using high-resolution LCD displays. We believe the new media format provides a more effective advertising media to our advertising customers.
Mobile Handset Advertising Network
Through Focus Media Wireless, we operate a WAP-based advertising delivery platform on the mobile telecommunications networks of China Mobile and China Unicom. Focus Media Wireless delivers WAP-based advertisements to mobile handset users accessed through service providers in China. Focus Media Wireless receives a fee from advertisers for delivering advertisements and pays mobile service providers a fee for accessing their networks. It also sells WAP-based advertising to other WAP service providers and to traditional advertisers. Focus Media Wireless has accumulated a database of over 70 million mobile handset users with WAP capability to whom it can deliver advertisements, based on which Focus Media Wireless is able to deliver advertisements tailored to the users’ consumer preferences based on information in the database such as a user’s historical purchases, handset model and other indicative data.
Outdoor LED Network
In April 2006, we commenced operations of an outdoor LED network consisting of 5’ x 5’ LED digital billboards that are installed on the street-sides in major shopping districts and other locations with high pedestrian traffic in Shanghai. Full-color audiovisual commercials are displayed on the digital billboards in a repeating six-minute cycle. The commercials displayed on the LED displays are highly visible even during bright daylight. By the end of 2006, the number of the LED screens in our street-side outdoor LED network in prime commercial and shopping areas (iStreet Network) reached 226.
Movie Theatre Network
We operate our movie theater network by leasing screen time from movie theaters in cities in China, We then sell this leased screen time as time slots to advertisers. We have the right to three minutes of screen time prior to the screening of each movie shown in the theater.
Internet Advertising Agency Services
In March 2007, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the equity interests in Allyes. Allyes is the largest Internet advertising agency and provider of Internet advertising technology in China. Its proprietary software application suite, ‘AdForward’, which covers all aspects of online ad publishing, creative production, tracking, targeting, and performance analysis, is used by a majority of independent commercial websites and ad agencies in China. Based on the significant number of Internet advertising campaigns it has executed since its inception in 2000, its widely-used Internet application software and its unique tracking technology, Allyes has accumulated a large database of Internet viewers, segmented based on individual behavior. Allyes initiated the performance-based on-line advertising model in China. Its advertising network, ‘SmartTrade’, allows advertisers to pay by CPA (cost-per-action), and directly links advertising cost with performance. SmartTrade has integrated advertising resources from over 5,000 popular websites, making it the largest pay-for-performance online advertising network in China, and generating over 300 million daily impressions.
Advertising Clients, Sales and Marketing
Our Advertising Clients. The quality and coverage of our network has attracted a broad base of international and domestic advertising clients. As of December 31, 2006, more than 2,700 advertisers purchased advertising time
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slots on our out-of-home television networks. Our advertising clients include leading international and domestic brand name advertisers such as Dong Feng Auto (including joint venture brands with Toyota and Peugeot), China Mobile, Meng Niu Diary, Volkswagen, Ichimore, which were our five largest customers and together accounted for 10.1% of our total revenues in 2006. Our top ten customers in 2006 accounted for 22.2% of our total revenues in that year.
No single advertising client accounted for more than 4% of our revenues in 2006. We believe the appeal and effectiveness of our advertising network is largely evidenced by the number of advertising clients who place multiple advertising campaigns on our network, which is reflected in the percentage increase of advertising fees we receive from clients over time.
Sales. We employ an experienced advertising sales force in each city in which we operate. We provide in-house education and training to our sales force to ensure they provide our current and prospective clients with comprehensive information about our services, the advantages of using our out-of-home television advertising network as a marketing channel, and relevant information regarding the advertising industry. Our sales team is organized by city, industry and client accounts. We also market our advertising services from time to time by placing advertisements on third-party media, including primarily magazines and Internet websites. We maintain separate devoted sales teams for our commercial locations network, including our outdoor LED network, our in-store network, and our movie theater network. We maintain separate sales teams for our poster frame network, our mobile handset advertising network and out Internet advertising services. We have begun engaging in cross-selling initiatives to enable existing and potential advertising clients to take advantage of our multi-platform advertising network.
Advertising Contracts. We offer advertisers five-, fifteen- or thirty-second time slots on our out-of-home television advertising networks, including our commercial location, in-store, outdoor LED and movie theater networks. For our commercial location network, our standard advertising package includes a time slot on our entire network or a particular channel in each city in which the advertiser wishes to display the advertisement. For our movie theater network, time slots are sold on a regional or entire network basis. Our sales are made pursuant to written contracts with commitments ranging from one week to several months. Our advertising rates vary by city and by the number of cities in which the advertisement is placed, as well as by the length of the time slot purchased and the duration of the advertising campaign. We generally require our clients to submit advertising content at least seven days prior to the campaign start date. We also reserve the right to refuse to disseminate advertisements that are not in compliance with content requirements under PRC laws and regulations.
Advertising contracts for our in-store network, outdoor LED network and movie theater network are substantially similar to those used for our commercial location network. Advertising clients generally purchase time slots on our in-store network on a chain-by-chain basis, while time slots on the outdoor LED network cover the entire network and contracts on our move theater network are done on regional or entire network basis.
For our poster frame network, advertising clients purchase frame space on a per-frame basis for terms of two weeks or more. For our mobile handset advertising network, our contracts agree to deliver advertising messages to mobile devices based on specific selection criteria set by the advertisers. For our Internet advertising agency services, we provide Internet advertising solutions for advertisers tailored to their needs.
Network Monitoring and Evaluation. We provide a number of services in connection with each client’s advertising campaign following the sales process. Our network operations team monitors the displays in our network on a daily basis. They are also responsible for compiling reports that are supplied under some of our agreements to clients as evidence of the broadcast of their advertisements on our network. The report generally includes a list of buildings the advertisements of clients were broadcast as well as photographs of representative television displays showing their advertisements being displayed. The advertising campaign reports are provided to our clients for information purposes and do not constitute a customer acceptance provision. The reports we provide to our clients may also contain portions prepared by independent third-party research companies that verify the proper functioning of our flat-panel displays and the proper dissemination of the advertisement, by conducting on-site evaluations and polls to analyze the effectiveness of and public reaction to the advertisement.
Aside from third-party verification services, we and our regional distributors conduct substantially all client services using our own employees or the employees of the relevant regional distributor. In Beijing and Guangzhou, we
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contract some of these services to third-party agents. These agents provide us with network development, installation, maintenance, monitoring and reporting services.
Market Research. We believe our advertising clients derive substantial value from our ability to provide advertising services targeted at specific segments of consumer markets. Market research is an important part of evaluating the effectiveness and value of our business to advertisers. We conduct market research, consumer surveys, demographic analysis and other advertising industry research for internal use to evaluate new and existing advertising channels. We also purchase or commission studies containing relevant market study data from reputable third-party market research firms, such as Nielsen Media Research, CTR Market Research and Sinomonitor. We typically consult such studies to assist us in evaluating the effectiveness of our network to our advertisers. A number of these studies contains research on the numbers and socio-economic and demographic profiles of the people who visit the locations of our network.
Programming
Substantially all of the content on our out-of-home television advertising networks consists of audiovisual television advertising provided to us by our advertising clients. We also provide a limited amount of time for landlords and property managers to display location-specific information, building announcements and related promotional material on our network. We do not produce or create any of the advertising content shown on our network, except our own marketing content. All of the advertising content displayed on the portion of the network we operate directly is reviewed by qualified members of our staff to ensure compliance with PRC laws and regulations, while our agreements with our regional distributors require each of them to review the contents shown on the portion of the network they operate for compliance with PRC laws and regulations. See “Item 4.B Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulatory Matters — Regulation of Advertising Services — Advertising Content”.
Advertisements on our poster frame network consist of full-color glossy advertising posters designed and provided by our advertising clients.
Pricing
For information regarding factors affecting our pricing, refer to “Factors that Affect Our Advertising Service Revenue” in Item 5 – Operating and Financial Review and Prospectus.
Relationships with Location Providers
We install our flat-panel displays in selected spaces we lease in office buildings and other commercial locations, hypermarkets, supermarkets and convenience stores. We install our advertising poster frames in elevators and other public areas in residential complexes. Establishing and maintaining long-term relationships with landlords and property managers is a critical aspect of our business. We employ a team of location relationship personnel in each city in which we operate directly who are responsible for identifying desirable locations, negotiating display and frame placement agreements and engaging in ongoing site placement relations.
In addition to helping us expand our network, our location relationship personnel ensure that the needs and concerns of landlords and property managers are being met and addressed effectively and on a timely basis. These concerns generally include ensuring that the flat-panel displays are properly installed and are in proper working condition. We undertake to landlords and property managers in our network to maintain the proper operation of our flat-panel displays. We generally rely on our own employees to install, maintain, monitor and repair our flat-panel displays and advertising poster frames. Each of our flat-panel displays is inspected at least once daily.
We enter into display placement agreements with individual landlords, property managers, hotels, shopping malls and chain store companies under which we generally pay a fixed annual rent in exchange for the right to display advertising and commercial media in lobby and elevator areas in the case of our commercial location network and in specific product areas in the major aisles and near check-out counters in hypermarkets, supermarkets and convenience stores in the case of our in-store network. In Beijing and Guangzhou, we contract a portion of the location
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development, monitoring and maintenance work to local agents. We attempt to maintain terms favorable to our network operations in our display placement agreements, such as long-term leases and exclusivity provisions. For example, as of March 31, 2007, approximately 90% of our display placement agreements in our commercial location and in-store networks gave us the exclusive right to place television advertising in the lobby and elevator bank area of the locations in which we operate. We are not reliant on any one landlord or property manager for a material portion of our network coverage and as of March 31, 2007, no individual landlord or property manager accounted for more than 1% of the locations in our commercial location network. As hypermarkets, supermarkets and convenience stores have control over multiple locations, a smaller number of display placement agreements and contractual arrangements account for a larger percentage of our in-store network coverage.
We believe that landlords and property managers generally do not view us as a major source of revenue and are instead primarily attracted to our flat-panel displays as an innovative and visually pleasing medium that complements their public areas and that provides an engaging means of conveying building-related information to their tenants. In connection with certain of our display placement agreements, we agree to provide concessions and services, such as displaying building-related notifications, publicity and other information provided by the landlord or property manager or granting time slots to the landlord or property manager for their own promotional purposes.
Our display placement agreements have initial terms ranging anywhere from one to ten years. As of March 31, 2007, approximately 62.4% of our display placement agreements will expire after December 31, 2007. As of March 31, 2007, we had the right under the majority of our display placement agreements to renew the display placement agreements provided that the terms offered by us are no less favorable than those offered by competing bidders. The rental terms and fees under our display placement agreements vary considerably depending on the city, location of the building, size of the building and number of flat-panel displays that may be installed. Under our display placement agreements, we retain ownership of the flat-panel displays.
We enter into similar frame placement agreements for the deployment of its advertising poster frames in elevators and public areas of residential complexes and commercial buildings. The majority of our frame placement agreements have terms of two to three years, and contain exclusivity and best offer renewal rights.
Technology and Suppliers
Out-of-home television advertising is a relatively new advertising medium that owes its development in large part to the emergence of new technologies, such as low-cost, light-weight, flat-panel television displays and compact storage technology. The primary hardware required for the operation of our business consists of components that comprise the flat-panel displays we use in our advertising network. We also develop and install software in our flat-panel displays to assist us with the configuration, editing and operation of our advertising content cycles. Maintaining a steady supply of our proprietary flat-panel displays is important to our operations and the growth of our advertising network.
We design the distinctive shape of our flat-panel displays, identify suppliers of component parts used in our displays and contract the assembly of our flat-panel displays to third-party contract assemblers. Our contract assemblers are responsible for purchasing the component parts from suppliers we identify each month and assembling the flat-panel displays according to our specifications using components purchased in off-the-shelf form from wholesale distributors. We select component suppliers based on price and quality. As there are many qualified alternative suppliers for our equipment, our obligation to our current contract assemblers is not exclusive. We have never experienced any material delay or interruption in the supply of our flat-panel displays.
Our services provided through Allyes use proprietary ad serving solutions that assist advertisers, advertising agencies and Web publishers in creating and delivering Internet ads, monitoring and analyzing website traffic, tracking the performance of advertising campaigns and implementing direct marketing. Most of the Allyes software applications, from Internet marketing technologies to the applications that operate our servers, are proprietary and were developed in-house by Allyes’ research and development team.
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Competition
We compete with other advertising companies in China including companies that operate out-of-home advertising media networks, such as JCDecaux and ClearMedia. We compete for advertising clients primarily on the basis of network size and coverage, location, price, the range of services that we offer and our brand name. We also compete for overall advertising spending with other alternative advertising media companies, such as Internet, street furniture, billboard, frame and public transport advertising companies, and with traditional advertising media, such as newspapers, television, magazines and radio.
Facilities
We currently maintain our headquarters at 28-30/F, Zhao Feng World Trade Building, 369 Jiangsu Road, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China.We also have offices in more than 50 other cities in China.
Regulatory Matters
We operate our business in China under a legal regime consisting of the State Council, which is the highest authority of the executive branch of the PRC central government, and several ministries and agencies under its authority including the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or SAIC.
China’s Advertising Law was promulgated in 1994. In addition, the State Council, SAIC and other ministries and agencies have issued regulations that regulate our business, which are discussed below.
Limitations on Foreign Ownership in the Advertising Industry
The principal regulations governing foreign ownership in the advertising industry in China include:
| • | | The Catalogue for Guiding Foreign Investment in Industry (2004); and |
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| • | | The Administrative Regulations on Foreign-invested Advertising Enterprises (2004). |
These regulations require foreign entities that directly invest in the advertising industry to have at least two years of direct operations in the advertising industry outside of China. Since December 10, 2005, foreign investors have been permitted to own directly a 100% interest in advertising companies in China, but such foreign investors are also required to have at least three years of direct operations in the advertising industry outside of China. PRC laws and regulations do not permit the transfer of any approvals, licenses or permits, including business licenses containing a scope of business that permits engaging in the advertising business. In the event we are able to qualify to acquire the equity interest of Focus Media Advertisement under the rules allowing complete foreign ownership, Focus Media Advertisement would continue to exist as the holder of the required advertising license consistent with current regulatory requirements.
Since we have not been involved in advertising outside of China for the required number of years, our domestic PRC operating subsidiaries, which are considered foreign invested, are currently ineligible to apply for the required advertising services licenses in China. Our advertising business is currently mainly provided through our contractual arrangements with our consolidated affiliated entities in China, including Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries, New Focus Media Advertisement, New Focus Media Agency, Focus Media Defeng Advertisement Framedia Advertisement, Guangdong Framedia, New Structure Advertisement, Focus Media Wireless and the Allyes operating affiliates. Each of our PRC operating affiliates is currently owned or controlled either (i) by two PRC citizens designated by us or (ii) by two PRC entities owned by our subsidiaries or by our designated appointees. Our PRC operating affiliates and certain of their respective subsidiaries hold the requisite licenses to provide advertising services in China. We, Focus Media Technology, Focus Media Digital, New Focus Media Advertisement, New Focus Media Agency, Focus Media Defeng Advertisement, Framedia Investment, Dotad Technology and New Allyes Technology have entered into a series of contractual arrangements with our PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries and shareholders under which:
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| • | | we are able to exert effective control over our PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries; |
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| • | | a substantial portion of the economic benefits of our PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries will be transferred to us; and |
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| • | | we have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in our PRC operating affiliates and all or part of the equity interests in Focus Media Advertisement’s subsidiaries that are owned by the Group its nominee holders, as well as all or a part of the assets of our PRC operating affiliates, in each case when and to the extent permitted by PRC law. |
See “Item 4.C Information on the Company—Organizational Structure” and “Item 7.B Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions”.
In the opinion of Global Law Office, our PRC legal counsel,
| • | | the respective ownership structures of Focus Media, Framedia, Focus Media Wireless, Allyes and their respective PRC affiliates and subsidiaries are in compliance with existing PRC laws and regulations; |
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| • | | the contractual arrangements (i) among Focus Media, Framedia, Focus Media Wireless, Allyes and their respective PRC affiliates, subsidiaries and PRC shareholders, in each case governed by PRC law are valid, binding and enforceable, and will not result in any violation of PRC laws or regulations currently in effect; and |
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| • | | the PRC business operations of Focus Media, Framedia, Focus Media Wireless, Allyes and their respective affiliates and subsidiaries as described in this annual report, are in compliance with existing PRC laws and regulations in all material respects. |
We have been advised by our PRC legal counsel, however, that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws and regulations. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the PRC regulatory authorities, in particular the SAIC which regulates advertising companies, will not in the future take a view that is contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal counsel. We have been further advised by our PRC counsel that if the PRC government determines that the agreements establishing the structure for operating our PRC advertising business do not comply with PRC government restrictions on foreign investment in the advertising industry, we could be subject to severe penalties. See “Item 3.D Key Information—Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Regulation of Our Business and to Our Structure — If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our China business do not comply with PRC governmental restrictions on foreign investment in the advertising industry, we could be subject to severe penalties”.
Regulation of Advertising Services
Business License for Advertising Companies
The principal regulations governing advertising businesses in China include:
| • | | The Advertising Law (1994); |
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| • | | The Advertising Administrative Regulations (1987); and |
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| • | | The Implementing Rules for the Advertising Administrative Regulations (2004). |
These regulations stipulate that companies that engage in advertising activities must obtain from the SAIC or its local branches a business license which specifically includes operating an advertising business within its business scope. Companies conducting advertising activities without such a license may be subject to penalties, including fines, confiscation of advertising income and orders to cease advertising operations. The business license of an advertising company is valid for the duration of its existence, unless the license is suspended or revoked due to a violation of any
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relevant law or regulation. We do not expect to encounter any difficulties in maintaining our business licenses. Each of Focus Media Advertisement, its subsidiaries and New Focus Media Advertisement has obtained, or in the case of some of our new directly-operated cities, are in the process of obtaining such a business license from the local branches of the SAIC as required by the existing PRC regulations. Some of our regional distributors may not possess all the licenses required to operate an advertising business, or may fail to maintain the licenses they currently hold. We periodically monitor our regional distributors to ensure they have obtained all required licenses and are complying with regulations relating to advertising content, although it is possible that one or more of our regional distributors may not be in compliance with all PRC regulations at all times. To our knowledge, all of our regional distributors have received, or are in the process of obtaining, the licenses required to operate an advertising business. If we learn that any of our regional distributors are not in compliance with applicable terms and regulations we notify such regional distributors of the need to complete any necessary procedures and to report any developments to us. If a regional distributor fails to complete the steps necessary to receive the required licenses, we will take steps to terminate the contract with such regional distributor. See “Item 3.D Key Information—Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry — One or more of our regional distributors could engage in activities that are harmful to our reputation in the industry and to our business”.
Advertising Content
PRC advertising laws and regulations set forth certain content requirements for advertisements in China, which include prohibitions on, among other things, misleading content, superlative wording, socially destabilizing content or content involving obscenities, superstition, violence, discrimination or infringement of the public interest. Advertisements for anesthetic, psychotropic, toxic or radioactive drugs are prohibited. It is prohibited to disseminate tobacco advertisements via broadcast or print media. It is also prohibited to display tobacco advertisements in any waiting lounge, theater, cinema, conference hall, stadium or other public area. There are also specific restrictions and requirements regarding advertisements that relate to matters such as patented products or processes, pharmaceuticals, medical instruments, agrochemicals, foodstuff, alcohol and cosmetics. In addition, all advertisements relating to pharmaceuticals, medical instruments, agrochemicals and veterinary pharmaceuticals advertised through radio, film, television, newspaper, magazine, out-of-home and other forms of media, together with any other advertisements which are subject to censorship by administrative authorities according to relevant laws and administrative regulations, must be submitted to the relevant administrative authorities for content approval prior to dissemination. We do not believe that advertisements containing content subject to restriction or censorship comprise a material portion of the advertisements shown on our network.
Advertisers, advertising operators and advertising distributors are required by PRC advertising laws and regulations to ensure that the content of the advertisements they prepare or distribute are true and in full compliance with applicable law. In providing advertising services, advertising operators and advertising distributors must review the prescribed supporting documents provided by advertisers for advertisements and verify that the content of the advertisements comply with applicable PRC laws and regulations. In addition, prior to distributing advertisements for certain commodities which are subject to government censorship and approval, advertising distributors are obligated to ensure that such censorship has been performed and approval has been obtained. Violation of these regulations may result in penalties, including fines, confiscation of advertising income, orders to cease dissemination of the advertisements and orders to publish an advertisement correcting the misleading information. In circumstances involving serious violations, the SAIC or its local branches may revoke violators’ licenses or permits for advertising business operations. Furthermore, advertisers, advertising operators or advertising distributors may be subject to civil liability if they infringe on the legal rights and interests of third parties in the course of their advertising business.
We employ qualified advertising inspectors who are trained to review advertising content for compliance with relevant laws and regulations.
Outdoor Advertising
The Advertising Law stipulates that the exhibition and display of outdoor advertisements must not:
| • | | utilize traffic safety facilities and traffic signs; |
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| • | | impede the use of public facilities, traffic safety facilities and traffic signs; |
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| • | | obstruct commercial and public activities or create an eyesore in urban areas; |
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| • | | be placed in restrictive areas near government offices, cultural landmarks or historical or scenic sites; and |
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| • | | be placed in areas prohibited by the local governments from having outdoor advertisements. |
In additional to the Advertising Law, the SAIC promulgated the Outdoor Advertising Registration Administrative Regulations on December 8, 1995, as amended on December 3, 1998, which governs the outdoor advertising industry in China.
Outdoor advertisements in China must be registered with the local SAIC before dissemination. The advertising distributors are required to submit a registration application form and other supporting documents for registration. After review and examination, if an application complies with the requirements, the local SAIC will issue an Outdoor Advertising Registration Certificate for such advertisement. The content of the outdoor advertisement must be submitted for filing with the local SAIC.
The placement and installation of LED billboards are subject to municipal zoning requirements and governmental approvals, including application for an outdoor advertising registration certificate for each LED billboard subject to a term of use of no more than six years for each LED billboard. If the existing LED billboards placed by our LED location provider or us are required to be removed, the attractiveness of this portion of our advertising network will be diminished. Moreover, failure by an owner of LED billboards to maintain outdoor advertising registration certificates would result in the inability to lease or market such space for the placement of advertisements.
Print Advertising
Following our acquisition of Framedia on January 1, 2006, we also operate a network of advertising poster frames placed primarily in the elevators and public areas of residential complexes. The advertisements shown on our poster frame network are defined as “normal print advertisements” under the Print Advertisements Administrative Regulations promulgated by the SAIC on January 13, 2000, as amended on November 30, 2004, or the Print Advertisements Regulations. Under these regulations, print advertisements must not be placed in areas prohibited by laws or regulations from posting print advertisements.
Regulation of Telecommunications Value-added Service Providers
The Telecommunications Regulations (2000), or the Telecom Regulations, and the Administrative Measures for Telecommunications Business Operating License (2002), or the Telecom License Measures, contain provisions governing providers of telecommunications services, including value-added service providers. The Telecom Regulations categorize all telecommunication services businesses in China as either infrastructure telecommunication services businesses or value-added telecommunication services businesses. The latter category includes WAP services. Under the Telecom Regulations, certain services are classified as being of a value-added nature and require the commercial mobile operator of such services to obtain an operating license, including online data processing and transaction processing, call centers and Internet access. The Telecom Regulations also set forth extensive guidelines with respect to different aspects of telecommunications operations in China. Under the Telecom License Measures, an approved value-added telecommunication services provider must conduct its business in accordance with the specifications recorded on its value-added telecommunication services operating license. Under PRC law, it is unclear whether the services offered by Focus Media Wireless should be deemed value-added telecommunication services, which requires an operation permit which has a valid period of five years. Focus Media Wireless been granted an operation permit for its wireless advertising operations. If Focus Media Wireless is deemed by the PRC regulatory authorities to be providing value-added telecommunication services but the operation permit is revoked or if we are unable to renew its operation permit upon its expiration, we will be required to suspend our services relating to our mobile handset advertising network, and our advertising service revenue derived from this portion of our network
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would be adversely affected. See “Item 3.D Key Information—Risk Factors — Our recent entry into mobile handset advertising through our acquisition of Focus Media Wireless may expose us to risks associated with operating in the telecommunications industry in China which could materially affect our financial condition or results of operation”.
C. Organizational Structure
Our predecessor company, Shanghai Aiqi Advertisement Co., Ltd., or Aiqi Advertisement, was established by immediate family members of Jason Nanchun Jiang in September 1997 and operated as an advertising agency. In May 2003, Aiqi Advertisement discontinued its advertising agency business, was renamed Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., commenced operation of our out-of-home television advertising network in China and reorganized its shareholdings. At the same time, we entered into arrangements with Focus Media Advertisement that resulted in the consolidation of Focus Media Advertisement. Following this reorganization Jason Nanchun Jiang continued to hold a controlling interest in Focus Media Advertisement.
In conjunction with the change in our business model in May 2003 and to facilitate foreign investment in our company, we established our offshore holding company, Focus Media Holding Limited as a company registered in the British Virgin Islands in April 2003. In April 2005, we completed the process of changing Focus Media Holding Limited’s corporate domicile to the Cayman Islands and we are now a Cayman Islands company. On July 13, 2005, our ADSs were listed for quotation on the NASDAQ Global Market.
In January 2006, we acquired Framedia and E-Times, which operate networks of advertising poster frames placed primarily in elevators and public areas of residential complexes in China. In February 2006, we acquired Target Media. Target Media operated an out-of-home advertising network using flat-panel displays placed in elevator lobbies and other public areas in commercial buildings, hospitals, hotels, banks, residential buildings, convenience stores and other locations in cities in China. Following the acquisition of Target Media, we combined Target Media’s network into our existing commercial location and in-store networks. Other than holding their existing contracts, the former Target Media entities no longer conduct any operations, and the combined network is operated through our existing corporate entities. In March 2006, we acquired Focus Media Wireless, which operates a WAP-based advertising delivery platform on the mobile telecommunications networks of China Mobile and China Unicom. In March 2007, we acquired Allyes, which operates an Internet advertising marketing services and technology business.
Our Corporate Structure and Contractual Arrangements
Substantially all of our operations are conducted in China as follows:
| • | | with regard to the operation of our out-of-home television networks, through Focus Media Technology, our indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries in China, Focus Media Digital, a 90%-owned subsidiary of Focus Media Technology, and New Focus Media Advertisement, New Focus Media Agency, Focus Media Defeng Advertisement, all of which are 90%-owned subsidiaries of Focus Media Digital, and through our contractual arrangements with several of our consolidated affiliated entities in China, including Focus Media Advertisement, and its subsidiaries. Focus Media Advertisement owns the remaining 10% equity interest in Focus Media Digital and New Focus Media Advertisement, New Focus Media Agency and Focus Media Defeng Advertisement; |
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| • | | with regard to the operation of our poster frame network, through Framedia Advertisement, Guangdong Framedia and New Structure Advertisement, each of which is 90% owned by Focus Media Advertisement and 10% owned by Focus Media Advertising Agency, respectively; |
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| • | | with regard to the operation of our mobile handset advertising network, through Focus Media Wireless, which is 90% owned by Focus Media Advertisement and 10% owned by Focus Media Advertising Agency, respectively; and |
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| • | | with regard to the operation of our the Internet advertising marketing agency business of Allyes, through seven PRC operating companies, which we refer to as the Allyes operating affiliates, each of which is owned by PRC citizens. |
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Each of Framedia Investment, Dotad Technology, Allyes Information Technology Company Limited and their respective affiliated entities and shareholders, have entered into contractual arrangements substantially similar to those control agreements entered into among Focus Media Technology, Focus Media Digital, New Focus Media Advertisements, New Focus Media Agency, Focus Media Defeng Advertisement, Focus Media Advertisement and its shareholders and subsidiaries. See “Item 7.B Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions — Agreements Among Our Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises, PRC Operating Affiliates and Their Respective Shareholders”.
In connection with its entry into the World Trade Organization, China is required to relax restrictions on foreign investment in the advertising, telecommunications and Internet industries in China. Accordingly, PRC regulations stipulate that starting from December 10, 2005, foreign investors are allowed to directly own 100% of PRC companies operating an advertising business if the foreign entity has at least three years of direct operations in the advertising business outside of China or to directly own less than 100% if the foreign entity has at least two years of direct operations in the advertising business outside of China. We do not currently directly operate an advertising business outside of China and cannot qualify for direct ownership of a PRC advertising company under PRC regulations any earlier than two or three years, respectively, after we commence any such operations or until we acquire a company which has directly operated an advertising business for the required period of time. We do not currently know how or when we will be able to qualify under these regulations. Even if we do qualify in the future, it may be burdensome or not cost effective for us to meet the required criteria for direct ownership. If and when we qualify for direct ownership, we intend to explore the commercial feasibility of changing our current structure, including possibly direct ownership of our PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries, taking into consideration relevant cost, market, competitive and other factors. In the event we take such steps, we cannot assure you that we will be able to identity or acquire a qualified foreign company for a possible future restructuring or that any restructuring we may undertake to facilitate direct ownership will be successful.
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The following diagram of our current corporate structure includes our primary businesses and the primary entities involved in the operation of those businesses and excludes dormant entities and entities, which aside from holding existing contracts, no longer conduct any operations:
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(1) | | Loans used to capitalize our PRC operating companies and to facilitate our control over them. |
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(2) | | Agreements that give us effective control over our PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries, as described in “Item 7.B Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions”. |
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(3) | | Agreement that transfer a substantial portion of the economic benefits of our PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries to us, as described in “Related Party Transactions”. |
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(4) | | Each of our PRC operating affiliates is owned by two PRC shareholders, which are in each case either (i) two PRC citizens designated by us or our subsidiaries or (ii) by two PRC entities owned by our subsidiaries or by our designated appointees. |
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(5) | | The wholly-owned entities relating to our out-of-home television network operations include New Focus Media Technology, Focus Media Technology, Focus Media Digital and New Focus Media Digital. These consist of subsidiaries of Focus Media Advertisement, which holds between 60% and 99% of the subsidiaries, with the remaining minority interest held by Jimmy Wei Yu, Focus Media Advertising Agency or unrelated third parties. |
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(6) | | The PRC operating affiliates engaged in the operating of our poster frame network include: New Structure Advertisement, Framedia Advertisement and Guangzhou Framedia. |
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(7) | | The Allyes operating affiliates engaged in the operation of our online advertising agency business consist of seven different companies under our control. |
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(8) | | Our out-of-home television network operations comprises our commercial location, in-store, outdoor LED and movie theater networks. |
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Accordingly, since we have not been involved in the direct operation of an advertising business outside of China, our domestic PRC subsidiaries, Focus Media Technology, Framedia Investment, Focus Media Digital and New Allyes Technology, which are considered foreign-invested, are currently ineligible to apply for the required advertising services licenses in China. Our advertising business is currently mainly provided through contractual arrangements with our consolidated affiliated entities in China, including (i) Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries with regard to our commercial location, in-store and outdoor LED networks, (ii) Framedia Advertisement, Guangdong Framedia and New Structure Advertisement with regard to our poster frame network, (iii) Focus Media Wireless with regard to our mobile handset advertising network, and (iv) each of seven Allyes operating affiliates, and each of their respective shareholders. Focus Media Advertisement is owned by two PRC citizens, Jason Nanchun Jiang, our chairman and chief executive officer, and Jimmy Wei Yu, one of our directors. Each of Framedia Advertisement, Guangdong Framedia, New Structure Advertisement and Focus Media Wireless is owned by Focus Media Advertisement and Focus Media Advertising Agency. Each of the Allyes operating affiliates is owned by two PRC citizens. . Each of Focus Media Advertisement, several of its subsidiaries, New Focus Media Advertisement, New Focus Media Agency, Focus Media Defeng Advertisement, Framedia Advertisement, Guangdong Framedia, New Structure Advertisement, Focus Media Wireless, and the Allyes operating affiliates, which we refer to collectively as our PRC operating affiliates, holds the requisite licenses to provide advertising, telecommunications or Internet services in China, as applicable. In 2006, we began operating a portion of our advertising business through our 90%-owned indirect subsidiary Focus Media Advertisement after which time we will no longer entirely rely on contractual arrangements with our PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries and shareholders for the operation of our advertising business.
We have been and are expected to continue to be dependent on our PRC operating affiliates to operate our advertising business until we acquire them as our wholly-owned subsidiaries. We and Focus Media Technology, Focus Media Digital, New Focus Media Advertisement, New Focus Media Agency, Focus Media Defeng Advertisement, Framedia Investment , Dotad Technology, New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and New Allyes Technology, which we refer to as our wholly-foreign owned entities, have entered into contractual arrangements with their respective PRC operating affiliates and shareholders, pursuant to which:
| • | | we are able to exert effective control over our PRC operating affiliates; |
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| • | | a substantial portion of the economic benefits of our PRC operating affiliates will be transferred to us; and |
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| • | | each of our wholly-foreign owned entities or their respective designees has an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in our PRC affiliated entities or their respective nominee holders, or, in some cases, all or part of the assets of our PRC affiliated entities, in each case when and to the extent permitted by PRC law. |
Each of our contractual arrangements with our PRC affiliated entities and their respective shareholders and subsidiaries can only be amended with the approval of our audit committee or another independent body of our board of directors. See “Item 7.B Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions” for further information on our contractual arrangements with these parties.
In the opinion of Global Law Office, our PRC legal counsel:
| • | | the respective ownership structures of Focus Media, Framedia, Focus Media Wireless, Allyes, their respective PRC operating affiliates and subsidiaries are in compliance with existing PRC laws and regulations; |
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| • | | the contractual arrangements among Focus Media, Framedia, Focus Media Wireless, Allyes, their respective PRC operating affiliates, subsidiaries and shareholders, in each case governed by PRC law are valid, binding and enforceable, and will not result in any violation of PRC laws or regulations currently in effect; and |
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| • | | the PRC business operations of Focus Media, Framedia, Focus Media Wireless, Allyes, and their respective PRC operating affiliates and subsidiaries as described in this annual report, are in compliance with existing PRC laws and regulations in all material respects. |
We have been advised by our PRC legal counsel, however, that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws and regulations. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the PRC regulatory authorities, in particular the SAIC which regulates advertising companies, will not in the future take a view that is contrary to the above opinion of our PRC legal counsel. We have been further advised by our PRC counsel that if the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our PRC advertising business do not comply with PRC government restrictions on foreign investment in advertising businesses, we could be subject to severe penalties. See “Item 7.B Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Risk Factors — If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our China business do not comply with PRC governmental restrictions on foreign investment in the advertising industry, we could be subject to severe penalties”, “— Our business operations may be affected by legislative or regulatory changes” and “— The PRC legal system embodies uncertainties which could limit the legal protections available to you and us”.
Subsidiaries of Focus Media Holding Limited
The following table sets forth information concerning our direct subsidiaries:
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| | Place of | | Percentage |
Subsidiary | | Incorporation | | of ownership |
Focus Media (China) Holding Ltd. | | Hong Kong | | | 100 | % |
Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 100 | % |
Perfect Media Holding Ltd. | | British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) | | | 100 | % |
Focus Media Qingdao Holding Ltd. | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Focus Media Dalian Holding Ltd. | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Focus Media Changsha Holding Ltd. | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Focus Media Digital Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 100 | % |
New Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 100 | % |
Sorfari Holdings Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Focus Media Tianjin Limited | | BVI | | | 80 | % |
Capital Beyond Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Shanghai New Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 90 | % |
Shanghai New Focus Media Agency Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 90 | % |
Shanghai Focus Media Defeng Advertising Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 90 | % |
Shanghai Focus Media Baiwang Advertising Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 70 | % |
Shanghai Focus Media Xiangkun Advertising Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 70 | % |
Infoachieve Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Shanghai Framedia Investment Consultation Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 100 | % |
Target Media Holdings Limited | | Cayman Islands | | | 100 | % |
Target Media Multi-Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 100 | % |
Dotad Holdings Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
ProfitBest Worldwide Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Wiseglobal Investments Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Summitworld Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Newking Investment Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Surge Zhenghe Holding Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Speedaccess Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Peakbright Group Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Homesky Investment Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Bestwin Partners Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Glomedia Holdings Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Appreciate Capital Ltd. | | BVI | | | 70 | % |
Richcrest Pacific Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Wealthstar Holdings Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Highmark Asia Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Plentiworth Investment Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Directwealth Holdings Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Better off Investments Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Allyes Information Technology Company Ltd. | | Cayman Islands | | | 100 | % |
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| | | | | | |
| | Place of | | Percentage |
Subsidiary | | Incorporation | | of ownership |
New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 100 | % |
Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 100 | % |
Hua Kuang Advertising Company Limited | | Hong Kong | | | 100 | % |
Topstart Holdings Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Vast Well Development Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Crownsky Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
As described in the corporate structure section above, in addition to our direct and indirect subsidiaries, we also operate our businesses through affiliated operating entities that we control through contractual relationships. Our primary PRC operating affiliates include:
| • | | with respect to our out-of-home television advertising networks, Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries; |
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| • | | with respect to our poster frame network, New Structure Advertisement, Framedia Advertisement and Guangdong Framedia; |
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| • | | with respect to our wireless advertising services, Focus Media Wireless; and |
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| • | | with respect to our online advertising agency business, Shanghai MSN Advertising Co., Ltd., Shanghai Huxin Advertising Co., Ltd., Shanghai Quanshi Advertising Co., Ltd., Shanghai Kuantong Advertising Co., Ltd., Beijing Quanshi Advertising Co., Ltd., Shanghai Allyes Advertising Co., Ltd., and Shenzhen Baifen Creative Advertising Co., Ltd., and their respective subsidiaries, which seven companies and additional subsidiaries we collectively refer to as the Allyes operating affiliates. |
D. Property, Plants and Equipment
Please refer to “—B. Business Overview—Facilities” for a discussion of our property, plants and equipment.
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, our consolidated financial statements and the financial data included in this annual report reflect our reorganization and have been prepared as if our current corporate structure had been in place throughout the relevant periods. The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. For additional information regarding these risks and uncertainties, see “Item 3.D Key Information — Risk Factors”.
A. Overview
Our out-of-home advertising network consists of (i) our commercial location, in-store, outdoor LED and movie theater networks, which we collectively refer to as our out-of-home television networks, (ii) our poster frame network, (iii) our mobile handset advertising network and (iv) our Internet advertising agency business. We have experienced significant revenue and earnings growth, and the size of our network has grown significantly, since the commercial launch of our advertising network in May 2003.
The significant increase in our operating results since we commenced our current business operations is attributable to a number of factors, including the substantial expansion of our flat-panel display network, the launch
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and ongoing expansion of our in-store network, the commencement of operations of our poster frame network, the successful execution of strategic acquisitions, such as our acquisition of Framedia, Target Media, Focus Media Wireless and Allyes, and the growing acceptance of our multi-platform network as an appealing advertising medium by our clients.
We expect our future growth to be driven by a number of factors and trends including:
| • | | Overall economic growth in China, which we expect to contribute to an increase in advertising spending in major urban areas in China where consumer spending is concentrated; |
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| • | | Our ability to increase sales of advertising time slots and extend the duration of our advertising cycle on our commercial location and in-store networks; |
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| • | | Our ability to expand our client base through promotion of our services and cross-selling; |
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| • | | Our ability to identify and create new advertising channels by establishing separate advertising networks that enable advertisers to target a diverse range of consumer groups with specific demographic profiles; |
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| • | | Our ability to successfully enter into the mobile handset network advertising business, in part through our recent acquisition of Focus Media Wireless; |
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| • | | Our ability to successfully operate and market our new outdoor LED network; |
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| • | | Our ability to successfully operate and market our new Internet advertising marketing and technology agency; and |
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| • | | Our ability to acquire companies that operate advertising businesses complementary to our existing operations. |
Because our primary source of revenue is our advertising service revenue, we focus on factors that directly affect our advertising service revenue such as the number of advertising time slots that we have available for sale and the price we charge for our advertising time slots after taking into account any discounts.
As we continue to expand our network, we expect to face a number of challenges. We have expanded our network rapidly, and we, as well as our competitors, have occupied many of the most desirable locations in China’s major cities. In order to continue expanding our network in a manner that is attractive to potential advertising clients, we may continue to enter into new advertising media platforms and to establish additional stand-alone networks that provide effective channels for advertisers. In addition, we must react to continuing technological innovations, such as the potential uses of wireless and broadband technology in our network, and changes in the regulatory environment.
Our financial results for 2006 also include those of Framedia that we acquired on January 1, 2006, of Target Media that we acquired on February 28, 2006 and, starting in the second quarter of 2006, those of Focus Media Wireless that we acquired in March 2006. Starting in the second quarter of 2007, our financial results will include those of Allyes, the acquisition of which we completed in March 2007.
Revenues
In 2004, 2005 and 2006, we had total revenues of $29.2 million, $68.2 million and $211.9 million, respectively. We generate revenues primarily from the sale of advertising time slots on our out-of-home television advertising networks and, beginning in 2006, from the sale of frame space on our poster frame network. Our advertising service revenue includes the sale of advertising time slots on our network, as well as a small amount of revenue attributable to other advertising related services we provide to our advertising clients. We also derive revenues from the sale of our flat-panel displays to regional distributors, which we refer to as our advertising equipment revenue. In 2004, 2005 and 2006, our advertising service revenue accounted for 90.1%, 98.0% and 99.1%
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of our total revenues, respectively. The following table sets forth a breakdown of our total revenues for the periods indicated:
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| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | | | | | % of | | | | | | | % of | | | | | | | % of | |
| | | | | | total | | | | | | | total | | | | | | | total | |
| | $ | | | revenues | | | $ | | | revenues | | | $ | | | revenues | |
| | | | | | (in thousands of U.S. dollars, except percentages) | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial location network(1) | | $ | 26,321 | | | | 90.1 | % | | $ | 61,435 | | | | 90.0 | % | | $ | 132,061 | | | | 62.3 | % |
In-store network(1) | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,469 | | | | 8.0 | % | | | 26,907 | | | | 12.7 | % |
Poster frame network(1) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 40,904 | | | | 19.3 | % |
Mobile Handset Advertising Network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,101 | | | | 4.8 | % |
Advertising service revenue | | | 26,321 | | | | 90.1 | % | | | 66,904 | | | | 98.0 | % | | | 209,973 | | | | 99.1 | % |
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Other revenue | | | 2,889 | | | | 9.9 | % | | | 1,325 | | | | 2.0 | % | | | 1,932 | | | | 0.9 | % |
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Total revenues | | $ | 29,210 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 68,229 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 211,905 | | | | 100.0 | % |
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(1) | | Advertising service revenue is presented net of business tax, sales discounts and agency rebates. Business tax on advertising service revenue from our commercial location network amounted to $2.8 million, $6.0 million and $13.6 million in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Business tax on advertising service revenue for our in-store network amounted to $2.8 million, in 2006. Business tax on advertising service revenue for our poster frame network amounted to $4.0 million for 2006. Business tax includes business tax ranging from 3% — 5.55% and cultural industries tax ranging from 0% to 4.0%. |
We also break down our total revenues into related-party and unrelated-party sources. The following table presents a more detailed breakdown of our gross revenues and its component parts:
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| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | | | | | (in thousands of U.S. dollars, except percentages) | | | | | |
Revenue: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial Locations | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
— Unrelated parties | | $ | 25,386 | | | | 86.9 | % | | $ | 59,435 | | | | 87.1 | % | | $ | 130,474 | | | | 61.6 | % |
— Related parties | | | 3,723 | | | | 12.7 | % | | | 7,991 | | | | 11.7 | % | | | 15,228 | | | | 7.2 | % |
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Total Commercial Locations | | | 29,109 | | | | 99.6 | % | | | 67,426 | | | | 98.8 | % | | | 145,702 | | | | 68.8 | % |
In-store Network | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
— Unrelated parties | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,475 | | | | 8.0 | % | | | 25,330 | | | | 12.0 | % |
— Related parties | | | — | | | | — | | | | 518 | | | | 0.8 | % | | | 4,380 | | | | 2.0 | % |
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Total in-store network | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,993 | | | | 8.8 | % | | | 29,710 | | | | 14.0 | % |
Poster Frame Network | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
— Unrelated parties | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 44,893 | | | | 21.2 | % |
— Related parties | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
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Total Poster Frame Network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 44,893 | | | | 21.2 | % |
Mobile Handset Advertising Network | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
— Unrelated parties | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,880 | | | | 5.1 | % |
— Related parties | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
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Total Mobile Handset Advertising network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,880 | | | | 5.1 | % |
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Gross Advertising Services Revenue: | | | 29,109 | | | | 99.6 | % | | | 73,419 | | | | 107.6 | % | | | 231,185 | | | | 109.1 | % |
Less: Sales taxes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial Locations | | | 2,788 | | | | 9.5 | % | | | 5,991 | | | | 8.8 | % | | | 13,641 | | | | 6.4 | % |
In-store Network | | | — | | | | — | | | | 524 | | | | 0.8 | % | | | 2,803 | | | | 1.3 | % |
Poster Frame Network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,989 | | | | 1.9 | % |
Mobile Handset Advertising Network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 779 | | | | 0.4 | % |
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Total sales taxes | | | 2,788 | | | | 9.5 | % | | | 6,515 | | | | 9.6 | % | | | 21,212 | | | | 10.0 | % |
Net Advertising Service Revenue | | | 26,321 | | | | 90.1 | % | | | 66,904 | | | | 98.0 | % | | | 209,973 | | | | 99.1 | % |
Add: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other revenue: | | | 2,889 | | | | 9.9 | % | | | 1,325 | | | | 2.0 | % | | | 1,932 | | | | 0.9 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues: | | $ | 29,210 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 68,229 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 211,905 | | | | 100.0 | % |
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Advertising Service Revenue
Sources of Revenues. We derive most of our total revenues from the sale of time slots on our commercial location network and our in-store network to unrelated third parties and to some of our related parties. We report our
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advertising revenue between related and unrelated parties because historically more than 10% of our advertising service revenues came from clients related to some of our directors. Our advertising services to related parties were provided in the ordinary course of business on the same terms as those provided to our unrelated advertising clients on an arm’s-length basis.
Our advertising service revenue is recorded net of any sales discounts and agency rebates from our standard advertising rate cards that we may provide to our advertising clients. These discounts include volume discounts and other customary incentives offered to our advertising clients, including additional broadcast time for their advertisements if we have unused time slots available in a particular city’s advertising cycle, and represent the difference between our standard rate card and the amount we charge our advertising clients. Our advertising clients include advertisers that directly engage in advertisement placements with us and advertising agencies retained by some advertisers to place advertisements on the advertiser’s behalf. We occasionally agree to pay advertising agency customers sales rebates calculated on the revenues generated by them. We expect that our advertising service revenue will continue to be the primary source, and constitute the substantial majority of, our revenues for the foreseeable future.
Our advertising service revenue reflects a deduction for business taxes and related surcharges incurred in connection with the operations of the Group. Their revenues are subject to a sales tax consisting of approximately 5.55% business tax and a cultural industries tax ranging from 0% to 4.0% on revenues earned from their advertising services provided in China. We deduct these amounts from our advertising service revenues to arrive at our total revenues attributable to advertising services.
Factors that Affect Our Advertising Service Revenue.
Commercial location network. Our advertising service revenue derived from our commercial location network is directly affected by:
| • | | the number of advertising time slots that we have available to sell, which is mostly determined by the number of cities in which we directly operate and the length of the advertising cycle, which is currently twelve minutes. We calculate the number of time slots available by taking the total advertising time available on our network during a particular period, calculated in aggregate seconds, which we then divide by 30 to determine the number of 30-second equivalent time slots available. We can increase the number of advertising time slots that we have available to sell by expanding into additional cities or acquiring our regional distributors. The twelve-minute advertising cycle amounts to the equivalent of 24 30-second time slots per week; and |
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| • | | the average price we charge for our advertising time slots, which we calculate by dividing our advertising service revenue by the number of 30-second equivalent time slots sold during that period, after taking into account any discount offered. We calculate average quarterly advertising service revenue for our Tier I, Tier II cities and as a blended average of all cities each quarter. |
In-store network. Our advertising service revenue derived from our in-store network is directly affected by:
| • | | the number of advertising time slots that we have available to sell, which is determined by the number of stores in which we operate, our expansion into additional stores, and the length of the advertising cycle, which is currently twelve minutes, or 24 30-second equivalent time slots. As with our commercial location network, for our in-store network we calculate the number of time slots according to the number of 30-second equivalent time slots available; and |
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| • | | the average price we charge for our advertising time slots, which we calculate by dividing our advertising service revenue by the number of 30-second equivalent time slots sold during that period, after taking into account any discount offered. |
Poster frame network. Our advertising service revenue derived from our poster frame network is directly affected by:
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| • | | the number of frames in our poster frame network. We sell frame space on our poster frame network on a per frame basis. Increasing the number of residential and other locations on our poster frame network allows us to increase the number of frames on our network, thereby increases the available frame space for sale to advertisers; and |
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| • | | the average price we charge for frame space on a per frame basis, after taking into account any discount offered. |
Mobile handset advertising network. Our advertising service revenue derived from our mobile handset advertising network is directly affected by:
| • | | the number of messages we deliver to mobile phone users. We charge fees based on the number of successfully delivered messages; and |
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| • | | the average price we charge per message. |
Movie Theater Network
Our advertising service revenue derived from our movie theater network is directly affected by:
| • | | the number of advertising time slots that we have available to sell, which is determined by the number of movie theaters in which we have leased screen time, our expansion into additional theaters, and the length of the leased screen time, which is currently three minutes, or six 30-second equivalent time slots, per theater. As with our commercial location network and in-store network we calculate the number of time slots according to the number of 30-second equivalent time slots available; and |
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| • | | the average price we charge per advertising time slot, which we calculate by dividing our advertising service revenue by the number of 30-second equivalent time slots sold during that period, after taking into account any discount offered. |
Internet Advertising Agency Services
As of April 1, 2007, we derive revenue from out Internet advertising agency business operated by Allyes. Our advertising service revenue derived from our Internet advertising agency services is directly affected by:
| • | | the number of customers who purchase agency services from us. We agree to provide advertising agency services and technology, and we charge fees based on the size and duration of the advertising campaign and the number of daily impressions or “hits” on the Internet advertisement; and |
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| • | | Our ability to identify relevant Internet user traffic and deliver effective advertisements for our advertising clients |
Prices for time slots on our commercial location and in-store networks and for frame space on our poster frame network also vary significantly from city to city as income levels, standards of living and general economic conditions vary significantly from region to region in China, which in turn affect the advertising rates we are able to charge for time slots and frame space.
Network Expansion. Many of the most desirable locations for our network have been occupied, either by our network as a result of our expansion or by our competitors. As a result, we will need to rely on means other than the rapid increase in the number of locations, flat-panel displays and advertising poster frames in order to continue growing our revenues. We have focused, and expect to continue to focus, on developing new channels in our out-of-home television advertising networks and entering into new types of advertising media operations to continue to grow our revenues and to address these potential capacity constraints on our existing network. In recent months, these steps have included: (1) expanding our in-store network and (2) establishing discrete stand-alone channels on our commercial location network, such as our premier A and B office building, travel, fashion, elite and healthcare
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channels, enabling us to increase the number of time slots available for sale. We expect to continue to explore opportunities to open up additional channels on our existing network and to enter into new advertising media platforms in China. We believe these measures will enable us to continue the future growth of our business. We have also expanded our advertising network with the addition of Framedia’s poster frame network in January 2006. We intend to continue expanding our out-of-home advertising network both through increasing the number of locations, displays and advertising poster frames on our commercial location, in-store and poster frame networks and through strategic acquisition of competitors and businesses that complement our existing out-of-home advertising network. Following our acquisition of Target Media in February 2006, we expanded our network significantly by combining Target Media’s flat-panel display network with our network. In addition, we entered into new advertising platforms through Focus Media Wireless’ mobile handset advertising network and our outdoor LED digital billboard network, and into Internet advertising agency services through our recent acquisition of Allyes.
Seasonality. Our advertising service revenue is subject to key factors that affect the level of advertising spending in China generally. In addition to fluctuations in advertising spending relating to general economic and market conditions, advertising spending is also subject to fluctuations based on the seasonality of consumer spending. In general, a disproportionately larger amount of advertising spending is concentrated on product launches and promotional campaigns prior to the holiday season in December. In addition, advertising spending generally tends to decrease in China during January and February each year due to the Chinese Lunar New Year holiday as office buildings and other commercial venues in China tend to be closed during the holiday. We believe this effect will be less pronounced with regard to advertising spending on our in-store network, as we believe commercial activity in hypermarkets and supermarkets is stable or even enhanced during the period of Chinese Lunar New Year. We also experience a slight decrease in revenues during the hot summer months of July and August each year, when there is a relative slowdown in overall commercial activity in urban areas in China. Our past experience, although limited, indicates that our revenues would tend to be lower in the first quarter and higher in the fourth quarter of each year, assuming other factors were to remain constant, such as our advertising rates and the number of available time slots on our network. We expect this effect to be partially offset by steady or enhanced advertising service revenue from our in-store network, which we believe is less susceptible to the effects of seasonality than our commercial location network, poster frame network and mobile handset advertising network.
Revenue Recognition. We typically sign standard advertising contracts with our advertising clients, which require us to run the advertiser’s advertisements on our network in specified cities for a specified period, typically from four to twelve weeks. We recognize advertising service revenue ratably over the performance period of the advertising contract, so long as collection of our fee remains probable. We do not bill our advertising clients under these contracts until we perform the advertising service by broadcasting the advertisement on our network. Revenue collected from our poster frame network is recognized in substantially the same manner as revenues collected under the advertising contracts used for our commercial location and in-store networks.
We generally collect our advertising service fees by billing our advertising clients within 60 to 90 days after completion of the advertising contract and book these unbilled or unpaid amounts as accounts receivable until we receive payment or determine the account receivable to be uncollectible. Target Media’s accounts receivable historically remained outstanding for longer periods of time than ours. We expect the average number of days outstanding for our accounts receivable to be higher as a result of our acquiring Target Media’s accounts receivable. We expect the average period that our accounts receivable will remain outstanding to revert to our historical levels after we begin to apply our accounts receivable policy to Target Media’s accounts receivable.
Our accounts receivable are general unsecured obligations of our advertising clients and we do not receive interest on unpaid amounts. We make specific reserves for accounts that we consider to be uncollectible. We also provide a general reserve for uncollectible accounts that we reassess on an annual basis. We made no provision for uncollectible accounts in 2003. In 2004, 2005 and 2006, we made provision of $173,837, $396,657 and $1,308,554, respectively, for accounts receivable that were outstanding for longer than six months. The average number of days outstanding of our accounts receivable, including from related parties, was 66, 71 and 71, respectively, as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006.
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Other Revenue
We also derive a portion of our total revenues from the sale of flat-panel displays to our regional distributors on a cost-plus basis, and franchise fee which we record as other revenue. Other revenue represented 9.9%, 2.0% and 0.9% of our total revenues in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Other revenue derived from sale of flat-panel displays is recorded net of the 17% value added tax to which equipment sales in China are subject. We expect that other revenue as a percentage of our total revenues will continue to be low.
Cost of Revenues
Our cost of revenues consists of costs directly related to the offering of our advertising services and costs related to our sales of advertising equipment.
The following table sets forth our cost of revenues, divided into its major components, by amount and percentage of our total revenues for the periods indicated:
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| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | | | | | % of | | | | | | | % of | | | | | | | % of | |
| | | | | | total | | | | | | | total | | | | | | | total | |
| | $ | | | revenues | | | $ | | | revenues | | | $ | | | revenues | |
| | | | | | (in thousands of U.S. dollars, except percentages) | |
Total revenues | | $ | 29,210 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 68,229 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 211,905 | | | | 100 | % |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net advertising service cost: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial location network | | | 6,804 | | | | 23.3 | % | | | 18,325 | | | | 26.9 | % | | | 42,836 | | | | 20.2 | % |
In-store network | | | — | | | | — | | | | 7,423 | | | | 10.9 | % | | | 18,106 | | | | 8.5 | % |
Poster frame network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 13,621 | | | | 6.4 | % |
Mobile Handset network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,052 | | | | 2.9 | % |
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Advertising service cost | | | 6,804 | | | | 23.3 | % | | | 25,748 | | | | 37.8 | % | | | 80,615 | | | | 38.0 | % |
Other cost | | | 1,934 | | | | 6.6 | % | | | 976 | | | | 1.4 | % | | | 765 | | | | 0.4 | % |
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Total cost of revenues | | | 8,738 | | | | 29.9 | % | | | 26,724 | | | | 39.2 | % | | | 81,380 | | | | 38.4 | % |
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Gross profit | | | 20,472 | | | | 70.1 | % | | | 41,505 | | | | 60.8 | % | | | 130,525 | | | | 61.6 | % |
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Net Advertising Service Costs
Our cost of revenues related to the offering of our advertising services on our advertising network consists of location costs, flat-panel display depreciation costs, amortization of acquired intangible assets and other cost items, including salaries for and travel expenses incurred by our network maintenance staff and costs for materials.
Our location costs for our out-of-home television networks consist of:
| • | | rental fees and one-time signing payments we pay to landlords, property managers and stores pursuant to the display placement agreements we enter into with them; |
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| • | | commissions and public relations expenses we incur in connection with developing and maintaining relationships with landlords and property managers; and |
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| • | | maintenance fees for keeping our displays in proper operating condition. |
Generally, we capitalize the cost of our media displays and recognize depreciation costs on a straight-line basis over the term of their useful lives, which we estimate to be five years. The primary factors affecting our depreciation costs are the number of flat-panel displays in our network and the unit cost for those displays, as well as the remaining useful life of the displays.
Amortization of acquired intangible assets consists operating and broadcasting rights, lease agreements, completed techonology and others. We expect our results of operations for a period of at least seven years beginning
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in 2006 to be negatively affected by the amortization of intangible assets in relation to, among other things, material contracts and customer lists as a result of several acquisitions, particularly Framedia, Target Media and Dotad.
Our other cost of revenues consists of salary for and travel expenses incurred by our network maintenance staff and costs for materials and maintenance in connection with the upkeep of our advertising network. The primary factor affecting our other costs of revenues is the size of our network maintenance staff. As the size of our network increases, we expect our network maintenance staff, and associated costs, to increase in absolute terms, but to decrease as a percentage of total revenues.
Commercial Location Network. Location costs are the largest component of our cost of revenues for our commercial location network. The primary factors affecting the amount of our location costs include the number of display placement agreements we enter into and the rental fees we pay under those agreements. We expect these costs to decrease as a percentage of our advertising service revenue for our commercial location network in the future, as our advertising service revenue for our commercial location network is expected to increase faster than the additional cost we incur from entering into new display placement agreements and any increases we may experience in renewing existing display placement agreements. However, when our display placement agreements expire, we may be unable to renew these agreements on favorable terms and the rental fee portion of our location costs attributable to these existing locations could increase. As we continue to increase the size of our network and as we update and replace our existing displays with new technology, our depreciation costs in connection with our commercial location network are expected to increase.
In-store Network. The primary costs of revenues connected with our in-store network are location costs resulting from rental and maintenance fees and depreciation costs for our displays. We expect these costs to continue to increase in 2006 as we expand our in-store network and to decrease as a percentage of advertising service revenue for our in-store network.
Poster Frame Network. The primary costs of revenues connected with our poster frame network are location costs resulting from rental fees. Depreciation costs for our frames and other costs for salary and maintenance fees also account for a significant portion of cost of revenues for our poster frame network. We expect these costs to increase in 2006 as we expand our poster frame network but to decrease as a percentage of advertising service revenue for our poster frame network.
Other Costs
Other costs consists of the amounts we pay to the contract assembler who purchases the components and assembles them into the flat-panel displays we sell to our regional distributors. Other costs accounted for 6.6%, 1.4% and 0.4% of our total revenues in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The primary factors affecting other costs are the number of flat-panel displays we sell and the unit cost we pay to our contract assembler for each such flat-panel display.
Operating Expenses and Net Income
Our operating expenses consist of general and administrative, selling and marketing expenses, other operating income. In 2004, our operating expenses also included a goodwill impairment loss. The following table sets forth our operating expenses, divided into their major categories by amount and as a percentage of our total revenues for the periods indicated.
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| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | | | | | % of | | | | | | | % of | | | | | | | % of | |
| | | | | | total | | | | | | | total | | | | | | | total | |
| | $ | | | revenues | | | $ | | | revenues | | | $ | | | revenues | |
| | (in thousands of U.S. dollars, except percentages) | |
Gross profit | | $ | 20,472 | | | | 70.1 | % | | $ | 41,505 | | | | 60.8 | % | | $ | 130,525 | | | | 61.6 | % |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
General and administrative | | | 3,988 | | | | 13.7 | % | | | 9,120 | | | | 13.4 | % | | | 25,723 | | | | 12.1 | % |
Selling and marketing | | | 3,473 | | | | 11.9 | % | | | 9,599 | | | | 14.0 | % | | | 25,762 | | | | 12.2 | % |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | | | | | % of | | | | | | | % of | | | | | | | % of | |
| | | | | | total | | | | | | | total | | | | | | | total | |
| | $ | | | revenues | | | $ | | | revenues | | | $ | | | revenues | |
| | (in thousands of U.S. dollars, except percentages) | |
Other operating income | | | — | | | | 0.0 | % | | | — | | | | 0.0 | % | | | (1,338 | ) | | | (0.6 | )% |
Goodwill impairment loss | | | 58 | | | | 0.2 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
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Total | | | 7,519 | | | | 25.8 | % | | | 18,719 | | | | 27.4 | % | | | 50,147 | | | | 23.7 | % |
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Income from operations | | | 12,953 | | | | 44.3 | % | | | 22,786 | | | | 33.4 | % | | | 80,378 | | | | 37.9 | % |
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General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salary and benefits for management and finance and administrative staff personnel, business tax mainly relating to license fees paid by our affiliated PRC companies to Focus Media Advertisement and to Focus Media Digital, office rental, maintenance and utilities expenses, depreciation of office equipment, other office expenses and professional services fees. General and administrative expenses accounted for 13.7%, 13.4% and 12.1% of our total revenues in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Salaries and benefits accounted for 20.2%, 26.9% and 23.3% of our general and administrative expenses in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will be relatively stable as a percentage of total revenues in the near term but to increase in absolute terms as we hire additional personnel and incur additional costs in connection with the expansion of our business and with being a publicly traded company, including costs of enhancing our internal controls.
Selling and Marketing. Our selling and marketing expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits, including share-based compensation expense for our sales staff, marketing and promotional expenses, amortization of certain acquired intangible assets such as customer base, and other costs related to supporting our sales force. Selling and marketing expenses accounted for 11.9%, 14.0% and 12.2% of our total revenues in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. As we acquired more of our regional distributors, continue to expand our client base and have commenced operation of new advertising platforms, we increased our sales force, which resulted in an increase in salary expenses. We now budget approximately 13% of our advertising revenues to be used for selling and marketing in 2007. We expect selling and marketing expenses to remain relatively stable as a percentage of total revenues.
Share-based Compensation.Prior to 2006, our share-based compensation expense relating to general and administrative and selling and marketing primarily consists of the amortized portion of deferred share-based compensation recognized by us. We issued options representing 10.87% of our issued share capital under our 2003 Employee Share Option Scheme, or the 2003 Option Plan. In addition, we have issued options representing 3.95% of our issued share capital under our 2005 Share Option Plan, or the 2005 Option Plan. Our share-based compensation relating to general and administrative accounted for 11.6%, 7.5% and 23.8% of our general and administrative expenses in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Share-based compensation relating to selling and marketing accounted for 0.8%, 0.5% and 8.1% of our selling and marketing expenses in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively The share-based compensation have increased following the effectiveness, as of January 2006, of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R) relating to share-based compensation. As a result, we recorded total share-based compensation expense of $8.4 million for 2006.
Critical Accounting Policies
We prepare our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the financial reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, our own historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require higher degrees of judgment than others in their application. We consider the policies discussed below to be critical to an understanding of our financial statements as their application places the most significant demands on our management’s judgment.
Share-based Compensation
Through 2005, we accounted for our share option plan using the intrinsic value method under Accounting Principles Board, or APB, No. 25. Effective the beginning of 2006, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 123-R, “Share-Based Payment”, and elected to adopt the modified prospective application method. SFAS No. 123-R requires us to use a fair-value based method to account for share-based compensation. Accordingly, share-based expense is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized
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as expense over the employees’ requisite service period. Our share option plans are described in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements.
We estimated the fair value of share options granted using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the estimated expected life of the share options, estimated forfeitures and the price volatility of the underlying shares. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share options represent management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainies and the application of management judgement. As a result, if factors change and we use different assumptions, our share-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. In addition, we estimate our expected forfeiture rate and recognize the expense only for those shares expected to vest. These estimatations are based on past employee retention rates and our expectations of future retention rates. We will prospectively revise our estimated forfeiture rates based on actual history. Our compensation expense may change based on changes to our actual forfeitures of these share options.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes under the provisions of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, with the required disclosures as described in Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized. In the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their recorded amount, an adjustment to our deferred tax assets would increase our income in the period such determination was made. Likewise, if we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to our deferred tax assets would be charged to our income in the period such determination is made. We record income tax expense on our taxable income using the balance sheet liability method at the effective rate applicable to each of our affiliated entities in China in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Goodwill and Long-lived assets Impairment
We test goodwill for possible impairment on an annual basis as of December 31 of each year and at any other time if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Circumstances that could trigger an impairment test between annual tests include, but are not limited to:
• | | a significant adverse change in the business climate or legal factors; |
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• | | an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; |
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• | | unanticipated competition; |
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• | | loss of key personnel; |
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• | | the likelihood that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or disposed of; |
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• | | a change in reportable segments; |
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• | | results of testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit; and/or |
As of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, we had a goodwill balance of $9.1 million, $13.3 million and $739.7 million, respectively, which is not deductible for tax purposes. We incurred a goodwill impairment loss of $58,397 in 2004 in connection with our acquisition of Perfect Media which is part of the commercial location reporting segment. In conducting our annual impairment test, we undertook a valuation of Perfect Media using the expected present value of cash flow and the income approach valuation methods, which resulted in a goodwill impairment loss of $58,397 in 2004, indicating that the value of Perfect Media was less than what we paid at the time we acquired it.
The fair value of each reporting unit is determined by allocating our total fair value among our reporting units using a combination of income approach and market approach. We may incur additional goodwill impairment charges in the future although we cannot predict whether this will occur when we perform our goodwill impairment test each year.
We test long-lived assets for possible impairment if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of an asset group below its carrying amount. Asset recoverability is an area involving management judgement, requiring assessment in two steps as to whether the carrying value of assets can be supported
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by the undiscounted future cash flows and the net present value of future cash flows derived from such assets using cash flow projections which have been discounted at an appropriate rate. In calculating the net present value of the future cash flows, certain assumptions are required to be made in respect of highly uncertain matters such as revenue growth rates, gross margin percentages and terminal growth rates.
Taxation
Cayman Islands, the British Virgin Islands and Hong Kong.
Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the British Virgin Islands and Hong Kong, neither Focus Media Holding Limited, incorporated in the Cayman Islands, nor Infoachieve Limited and Dotad Holdings Limited, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, are subject to tax on its income or capital gains. Focus Media Hong Kong, our wholly owned subsidiary incorporated in Hong Kong, is subject to profits tax rate of 17.5% on its assessable profits, yet interest derived from deposits placed in Hong Kong with authorized institutions are exempted from the Hong Kong profits tax. In addition, payment of dividends by either company is not subject to withholding tax in those jurisdictions.
PRC
Our PRC entities are subject to PRC business tax. We primarily pay business tax on gross revenues generated from our advertising services. Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries, and New Focus Media Advertisement, New Focus Media Agency, Focus Media Defeng Advertismenet and Framedia Advertisement, pay a 5% business tax, whereas Focus Media Wireless pays a 3% business tax on the gross revenues derived from advertising services and this business tax is deducted from total revenues in calculating the net revenues. Focus Media Technology and Focus Media Digital pay a 5% business tax on the gross revenues derived from their contractual arrangements with Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries and these taxes are primarily recorded in operating expenses.
In addition to business tax and cultural industries tax imposed on our advertising business and VAT imposed on our sales of advertising equipment. Focus Media Technology, Focus Media Digital and Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries, including Focus Media Advertising Agency and New Focus Media Advertisement, are subject to PRC enterprise income tax on their taxable income, except to the extent some of them enjoy temporary tax exempt status as described in further detail below.
Pursuant to PRC law, enterprise income tax is generally assessed at the rate of 33% of taxable income. Focus Media Technology, Focus Media Digital, Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries and New Focus Media Advertisement are currently subject to this 33% enterprise income tax. State Administration of Taxation and its delegates of the PRC are authorized to grant an exemption from enterprise income tax of up to two years to newly established domestic companies that have no direct foreign ownership and that are financially independent and engaged in consulting services, technology services or the information industry, which includes advertising services. A qualifying company must apply for this tax-exempt status for each of the two years separately. Focus Media Digital and Focus Media Advertising Agency were established in October 2004 and both were granted exemptions from enterprise income tax in 2004 and 2005. In 2006 and 2007, we continued our tax exempt status through New Focus Media Advertisement, New Focus Media Agency, Focus Media Defeng Advertismenet, New Structure Advertisement and Focus Media Wireless, which were established during the period from October 2005 to June 2006 and have obtained tax-exempt approval for 2006 and 2007.
In November 2004, Focus Media Technology, Focus Media Advertisement and some of its subsidiaries sold all of their flat-panel display equipment to Focus Media Digital at fair market value. As a result of this sale, Focus Media Technology and Focus Media Advertisement recorded a non-cash charge to earnings in the aggregate of $4,773,030 in the fourth quarter of 2004, which reflected the difference between the fair market value of the equipment and its then current book value. In addition, since its establishment, through December 31, 2005, Focus Media Advertising Agency has generated revenue by selling time slots on our advertising network and pays a dissemination fee to Focus Media Advertisement and its certain subsidiaries, which places advertisements for Focus Media Advertising Agency’s clients on our network. Finally, Focus Media Agency also license technology used in our business operations from Focus Media Digital in exchange for license fees paid to Focus Media Digital. As a result of Focus Media Agency’s amortization of the license fee paid to Focus Media Digital, it incurred a charge to earnings of
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$3.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2004. See “Item 7.B Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions” for further information on these transactions and contractual agreements. Although these transactions were eliminated upon consolidation as transactions among members of our consolidated companies for financial accounting purposes, they did have the affect of reducing our total income tax expense and increasing our after tax net income in 2004.
As a result of these transactions, our effective tax rates were 71.6% and 2.8% in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Excluding the non-recurring non-cash charge resulting from the change in fair value of derivative liability associated with Series B convertible redeemable preference shares and goodwill impairment loss, our effective tax rate for 2004 would have been 7.0%. The tax savings resulting from the non-cash charge to earnings from the write-down of flat-panel display equipment in 2004 and the charge to earnings from the amortization of the license fee paid in 2004 will not continue in the future.
In December 2005, we established New Focus Media Advertisement which has received tax-exempt approval for 2006 and 2007. We further incorporated New Focus Media Agency and Focus Media Defeng Advertisement in 2006 which also received tax-exempt approval for 2006 and 2007. Besides, New Structure Advertisement, which incorporated in October 2005, also received its tax-exempt approval for 2006 and 2007. Focus Media Wireless, as a high-tech company incorporated in Zhonguancun District, Beijing, China, is exempted from income tax from 2006 to 2008, plus a 50% reduction holiday from 2009 to 2011.
In December 2005, Focus Media Digital sold all of its flat-panel display equipment to New Focus Media Advertisement at fair market value and Focus Media Digital sold all of its technology to New Focus Media Advertisement in January 2006 at a fixed fee. As of January 2006, New Focus Media Advertisement generates revenue by selling time slots on our advertising network and pays a dissemination fee to Focus Media Advertisement and its certain subsidiaries, which places advertisements for New Focus Media Advertisement’s clients on our network. Both New Focus Media Agency and Focus Media Defeng Advertisement act as advertising agencies for New Focus Media Advertisement and receives agency fees. While these transactions to be eliminated upon consolidation as transactions among members of our consolidated companies for financial accounting purposes, as a result, our effective tax rate was 1.3% for 2006. We also expect these transactions will reduce our total income tax expense and increasing our after tax net income in 2007. See “Item 7.B Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions” for further information on these transactions and contractual agreements. In addition, upon expiration of these tax exemptions, we will consider available options, in accordance with applicable law, that would enable us to qualify for further tax exemptions, if any, to the extent they are then available to us.
Under PRC law, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. If any of the transactions described above are found not to be on an arm’s-length basis, or to result in an unreasonable reduction in tax under PRC law, the PRC tax authorities have the authority to disallow our tax savings, adjust the profits and losses of our respective PRC entities and assess late-payment interest and penalties. A finding by the PRC tax authorities that we are ineligible for the tax savings we achieved in 2004, 2005 and 2006, or that we expect to achieve in 2007, or that Focus Media Digital, Focus Media Advertising Agency, New Focus Media Advertisement, New Structure Advertisement, or Framedia Advertisement are ineligible for their tax exemptions, would substantially increase our taxes owed and reduce our net income and the value of your investment. As a result of this risk, you should evaluate our results of operations and financial condition without regard to these tax savings. See “Item 3.D Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Regulation of Our Business and to Our Structure — Contractual arrangements we have entered into among our subsidiaries and affiliated entities may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and a finding that we owe additional taxes or are ineligible for our tax exemption, or both, could substantially increase our taxes owed, and reduce our net income and the value of your investment.”
On March 16, 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress passed the China Corporate Income Tax Law which will change the income tax rates for most enterprises from 33% at the present to 25%. This new law will become effective on January 1, 2008. There will be a transition period for enterprises, whether foreign-invested or domestic, which currently receive preferential tax treatments granted by relevant tax authorities. Enterprises that are subject to an enterprise income tax rate lower than 25% may continue to enjoy the lower rate and gradually transition to the new tax rate within five years after the effective date of the new law. Enterprises that are currently entitled to exemptions or reductions from the standard income tax rate for a fixed term may continue to enjoy such treatment until the fixed term expires. Preferential tax treatments will continue to be granted to industries and projects that are strongly supported
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and encouraged by the state, and enterprises that qualify as “new and high technology enterprises strongly supported by the state” will be entitled to a 15% enterprise income tax rate.
Most of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are expected to transition from 33% to 25% starting from January 1, 2008. Those that currently enjoy a lower tax rate of 15% will gradually transition to the uniform tax rate of 25% from 2008 to 2012 unless the company obtains the “new and high technology enterprise” status under the new tax law.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 applies under most other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements and does not require any new fair value measurements. This statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application encouraged. The provisions of SFAS 157 should be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which the statement is initially applied, except for a limited form of retrospective application for certain financial instruments. The Group is currently evaluating the impact, if any, of this statement on the consolidated combined financial statements.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, (“SFAS 159”). SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007.
In June 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company adopted FIN 48 on January 1, 2007 and estimated the cumulative effect on adoption of FIN48 to be a reduction of consolidated retained earnings as of January 1, 2007 of approximately $1.5 million approximately.
In June 2006, the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached a consensus on Issue No. 06-3, “How Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities Should be Presented in the Income Statement (That Is, Gross Versus Net Presentation)” (“EITF 06-3”). The scope of EITF 06-3 includes sales, use, value added and some excise taxes that are assessed by a governmental authority on specific revenue-producing transactions between a seller and customer. EITF 06-3 states that a company should disclose its accounting policy (i.e. gross or net presentation) regarding the presentation of taxes within its scope, and if significant, these disclosures should be applied retrospectively to the financial statements for all periods presented. EITF 06-3 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2006. The Group is currently evaluating the impact, if any, of this statement on its consolidated combined financial statements and related disclosures.
Acquisitions
Since we commenced our current business operations in May 2003, we have acquired numerous companies to expand the coverage of our network in China and to acquire businesses that are complementary to our operations. See “Item 10.C Additional Information — Material Contracts”.
Some of the businesses we acquired had entities located both in and outside of China. The consideration we paid for these businesses was made in two parts, one part for the entity located in China, and the other part for the entity located outside of China. For consideration paid to acquire entities located in China, we withheld on behalf of sellers who are natural persons 20% of the amount by which the acquisition price exceeded the registered capital of such PRC entity as required under the PRC Individual Income Tax Law and related implementation rules. We were
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not required to and did not withhold any tax in connection with payments made to acquire the entities located outside of China. See “Item 3.D Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the People’s Republic of China — The PRC tax authorities may require us to pay additional taxes in connection with our acquisitions of offshore entities that conducted their PRC operations through their affiliates in China”.
The financial statements of:
| • | | Infoachieve Limited, for the periods ended, and as of, December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005; |
|
| • | | Target Media Holdings, for the periods ended, and as of, December 31, 2004 and 2005; |
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| • | | Perfect Media Holding Ltd. for the periods ended, and as of, December 31, 2003 and September 30, 2004; |
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| • | | Focus Media Changsha Holding Ltd., Focus Media Qingdao Holding Ltd. and Focus Media Dalian Holding Ltd. for the period ended, and as of, October 31, 2004; and |
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| • | | Capital Beyond Limited for the periods ended, and as of, December 31, 2004 and March 31, 2005, respectively, |
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| | | are available in our registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-134714). |
Quarterly Results of Operation
The following tables present unaudited consolidated quarterly financial data by amount and as a percentage of our total revenues for each of the eight quarters in the period from March 31, 2005 to December 31, 2006. You should read the following table in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. We have prepared the unaudited consolidated quarterly financial information on substantially the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements and using information derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements which are not included in this annual report. The following information contains normal recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of our management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for such unaudited period. Our operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any future period.
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| | For the three months ended |
| | | | | | | | | | September | | | | | | | | | | | | | | September | | December |
Consolidated Statement | | March 31, | | June 30, | | 30, | | December | | March 31, | | June 30, | | 30, | | 31, |
of Operations Data | | 2005 | | 2005 | | 2005 | | 31, 2005 | | 2006 | | 2006 | | 2006 | | 2006 |
| | | | | | | | | | (in thousands of U.S. dollars) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial location network(1) | | | 9,432 | | | | 13,981 | | | | 17,287 | | | | 20,735 | | | | 21,380 | | | | 30,438 | | | | 38,519 | | | | 41,724 | |
In-store network(1) | | | — | | | | 339 | | | | 1,813 | | | | 3,317 | | | | 5,294 | | | | 6,538 | | | | 7,239 | | | | 7,836 | |
Poster frame network(1) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,067 | | | | 9,778 | | | | 11,284 | | | | 13,775 | |
Mobile Handset Advertising Network (1) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,076 | | | | 3,516 | | | | 3,509 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total advertising service revenue | | | 9,432 | | | | 14,320 | | | | 19,100 | | | | 24,052 | | | | 32,741 | | | | 49,830 | | | | 60,558 | | | | 66,844 | |
Other revenue | | | 142 | | | | 264 | | | | 366 | | | | 553 | | | | 457 | | | | 233 | | | | 90 | | | | 1,152 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 9,574 | | | | 14,584 | | | | 19,466 | | | | 24,605 | | | | 33,198 | | | | 50,063 | | | | 60,648 | | | | 67,996 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial location network | | | 3,247 | | | | 4,174 | | | | 5,047 | | | | 5,857 | | | | 8,226 | | | | 11,487 | | | | 11,404 | | | | 11,719 | |
In-store network | | | — | | | | 1,366 | | | | 2,606 | | | | 3,451 | | | | 3,973 | | | | 4,394 | | | | 4,616 | | | | 5,123 | |
Poster frame network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,792 | | | | 3,222 | | | | 3,756 | | | | 3,851 | |
Mobile Handset Advertising network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,405 | | | | 2,219 | | | | 1,428 | |
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Advertising service cost: | | | 3,247 | | | | 5,540 | | | | 7,653 | | | | 9,308 | | | | 14,991 | | | | 21,508 | | | | 21,995 | | | | 22,121 | |
Other cost | | | 71 | | | | 188 | | | | 285 | | | | 432 | | | | 232 | | | | 80 | | | | 80 | | | | 373 | |
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Total cost of revenues | | | 3,318 | | | | 5,728 | | | | 7,938 | | | | 9,740 | | | | 15,223 | | | | 21,588 | | | | 22,075 | | | | 22,494 | |
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Gross profit | | | 6,256 | | | | 8,856 | | | | 11,528 | | | | 14,865 | | | | 17,975 | | | | 28,475 | | | | 38,573 | | | | 45,502 | |
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Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
General and administrative | | | 1,867 | | | | 2,331 | | | | 2,337 | | | | 2,585 | | | | 4,395 | | | | 6,298 | | | | 5,956 | | | | 9,074 | |
Selling and marketing | | | 1,515 | | | | 1,984 | | | | 2,719 | | | | 3,381 | | | | 4,407 | | | | 5,376 | | | | 6,784 | | | | 9,195 | |
Other operating income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (20 | ) | | | (137 | ) | | | (5 | ) | | | (1,176 | ) |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended |
| | | | | | | | | | September | | | | | | | | | | | | | | September | | December |
Consolidated Statement | | March 31, | | June 30, | | 30, | | December | | March 31, | | June 30, | | 30, | | 31, |
of Operations Data | | 2005 | | 2005 | | 2005 | | 31, 2005 | | 2006 | | 2006 | | 2006 | | 2006 |
| | | | | | | | | | (in thousands of U.S. dollars) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | 3,382 | | | | 4,315 | | | | 5,056 | | | | 5,966 | | | | 8,782 | | | | 11,537 | | | | 12,735 | | | | 17,093 | |
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Income from operations | | | 2,874 | | | | 4,541 | | | | 6,472 | | | | 8,899 | | | | 9,193 | | | | 16,938 | | | | 25,838 | | | | 28,409 | |
Interest income (expenses), net | | | 12 | | | | 20 | | | | 791 | | | | 939 | | | | 888 | | | | 605 | | | | 1,070 | | | | 1,692 | |
Other income (expenses), net | | | 5 | | | | (3 | ) | | | 8 | | | | (171 | ) | | | (71 | ) | | | (408 | ) | | | (175 | ) | | | 367 | |
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Income before income taxes and minority interest | | | 2,891 | | | | 4,558 | | | | 7,271 | | | | 9,667 | | | | 10,010 | | | | 17,135 | | | | 26,733 | | | | 30,468 | |
Total income taxes | | | (248 | ) | | | (155 | ) | | | (87 | ) | | | (204 | ) | | | (617 | ) | | | (373 | ) | | | 317 | | | | (371 | ) |
Minority interests | | | — | | | | (55 | ) | | | (52 | ) | | | (38 | ) | | | 40 | | | | (91 | ) | | | (45 | ) | | | (9 | ) |
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Net income attributed to shareholders | | | 2,643 | | | | 4,348 | | | | 7,132 | | | | 9,425 | | | | 9,433 | | | | 16,671 | | | | 27,005 | | | | 30,088 | |
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| | |
(1) | | Advertising service revenue is presented net of sales taxes, the following tables presenst the unaudited quarterly sales taxes information: |
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| | For the three months ended | |
| | | | | | | | | | September | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | September | | | December | |
| | March 31, | | | June 30, | | | 30, | | | December | | | March 31, | | | June 30, | | | 30, | | | 31, | |
| | 2005 | | | 2005 | | | 2005 | | | 31, 2005 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | |
| | | | | | | | | | (in thousands of U.S. dollars) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales taxes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial location network | | $ | 936 | | | $ | 1,419 | | | $ | 1,769 | | | $ | 1,867 | | | $ | 2,082 | | | $ | 2,968 | | | $ | 4,062 | | | $ | 4,529 | |
In-store network | | | — | | | | 34 | | | | 187 | | | | 304 | | | | 524 | | | | 697 | | | | 763 | | | | 819 | |
Poster frame network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 591 | | | | 958 | | | | 1,102 | | | | 1,338 | |
Mobile Handset Advertising Network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 289 | | | | 285 | | | | 205 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 936 | | | $ | 1,453 | | | $ | 1,956 | | | $ | 2,171 | | | $ | 3,197 | | | $ | 4,912 | | | $ | 6,212 | | | $ | 6,891 | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended |
| | | | | | | | | | September | | | | | | | | | | | | | | September | | December |
Consolidated Statement | | March 31, | | June 30, | | 30, | | December | | March 31, | | June 30, | | 30, | | 31, |
of Operations Data | | 2005 | | 2005 | | 2005 | | 31, 2005 | | 2006 | | 2006 | | 2006 | | 2006 |
| | | | | | | | | | (in thousands of U.S. dollars) | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial location network | | | 98.5 | % | | | 95.9 | % | | | 88.8 | % | | | 84.3 | % | | | 64.4 | % | | | 60.8 | % | | | 63.6 | % | | | 61.4 | % |
In-store network | | | — | | | | 2.3 | % | | | 9.3 | % | | | 13.5 | % | | | 15.9 | % | | | 13.1 | % | | | 11.9 | % | | | 11.5 | % |
Poster frame network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 18.3 | % | | | 19.5 | % | | | 18.6 | % | | | 20.2 | % |
Mobile Handset Advertising Network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6.1 | % | | | 5.8 | % | | | 5.2 | % |
Other revenues | | | 1.5 | % | | | 1.8 | % | | | 1.9 | % | | | 2.2 | % | | | 1.4 | % | | | 0.5 | % | | | 0.1 | % | | | 1.7 | % |
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Total revenues | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net advertising service cost: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial location network | | | 34.0 | % | | | 28.6 | % | | | 25.9 | % | | | 23.8 | % | | | 24.8 | % | | | 22.9 | % | | | 18.8 | % | | | 17.2 | % |
In-store network | | | — | | | | 9.4 | % | | | 13.4 | % | | | 14.0 | % | | | 12.0 | % | | | 8.8 | % | | | 7.6 | % | | | 7.5 | % |
Poster frame network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8.4 | % | | | 6.4 | % | | | 6.2 | % | | | 5.7 | % |
Mobile Handset Advertising Network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4.8 | % | | | 3.7 | % | | | 2.1 | % |
Other costs | | | 0.7 | % | | | 1.3 | % | | | 1.5 | % | | | 1.8 | % | | | 0.7 | % | | | 0.2 | % | | | 0.1 | % | | | 0.5 | % |
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Total cost of revenues | | | 34.7 | % | | | 39.3 | % | | | 40.8 | % | | | 39.6 | % | | | 45.9 | % | | | 43.1 | % | | | 36.4 | % | | | 33.0 | % |
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Gross profit | | | 65.3 | % | | | 60.7 | % | | | 59.2 | % | | | 60.4 | % | | | 54.1 | % | | | 56.9 | % | | | 63.6 | % | | | 67.0 | % |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
General and administrative | | | 19.5 | % | | | 16.0 | % | | | 12.0 | % | | | 10.5 | % | | | 13.2 | % | | | 12.6 | % | | | 9.8 | % | | | 13.3 | % |
Selling and marketing | | | 15.8 | % | | | 13.6 | % | | | 14.0 | % | | | 13.7 | % | | | 13.3 | % | | | 10.7 | % | | | 11.2 | % | | | 13.5 | % |
Other operating income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (0.06 | )% | | | (0.3 | )% | | | (0.0 | )% | | | (1.7 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | 35.3 | % | | | 29.6 | % | | | 26.0 | % | | | 24.2 | % | | | 26.4 | % | | | 23.0 | % | | | 21.0 | % | | | 25.1 | % |
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Income from operations | | | 30.0 | % | | | 31.1 | % | | | 33.2 | % | | | 36.2 | % | | | 27.7 | % | | | 33.9 | % | | | 42.6 | % | | | 41.9 | % |
Interest income (expenses), net | | | 0.1 | % | | | 0.1 | % | | | 4.1 | % | | | 3.8 | % | | | 2.7 | % | | | 1.2 | % | | | 1.8 | % | | | 2.5 | % |
Other income (expenses), net | | | 0.1 | % | | | — | | | | 0.1 | % | | | (0.7 | )% | | | (0.2 | )% | | | (0.8 | )% | | | (0.3 | )% | | | 0.5 | % |
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Income before income taxes and minority interest | | | 30.2 | % | | | 31.2 | % | | | 37.4 | % | | | 39.3 | % | | | 30.2 | % | | | 34.3 | % | | | 44.1 | % | | | 44.9 | % |
Total income taxes | | | (2.6 | )% | | | (1.0 | )% | | | (0.4 | )% | | | (0.8 | )% | | | (1.9 | )% | | | (0.7 | )% | | | 0.5 | % | | | (0.5 | )% |
Minority interest | | | 0 | % | | | (0.4 | )% | | | (0.3 | )% | | | (0.2 | )% | | | 0.1 | % | | | (0.2 | )% | | | (0.1 | )% | | | 0.0 | % |
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Net income attributable to shareholders | | | 27.6 | % | | | 29.8 | % | | | 36.7 | % | | | 38.3 | % | | | 28.4 | % | | | 33.4 | % | | | 44.5 | % | | | 44.4 | % |
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| | |
(1) | | Advertising service revenue is presented net of sales taxes: the following table presents the unaudited quarterly percentage of sales taxes against gross revenues: |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended |
| | | | | | | | | | September | | | | | | | | | | | | | | September | | December |
| | March 31, | | June 30, | | 30, | | December | | March 31, | | June 30, | | 30, | | 31, |
| | 2005 | | 2005 | | 2005 | | 31, 2005 | | 2006 | | 2006 | | 2006 | | 2006 |
| | | | | | | | | | (in thousands of U.S. dollars) | | | | | | | | |
Sales taxes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial location network | | | 9.0 | % | | | 9.2 | % | | | 9.3 | % | | | 8.3 | % | | | 8.9 | % | | | 8.9 | % | | | 9.5 | % | | | 9.8 | % |
In-store network | | | — | | | | 9.1 | % | | | 9.4 | % | | | 8.4 | % | | | 9.0 | % | | | 9.6 | % | | | 9.5 | % | | | 9.5 | % |
Poster frame network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8.9 | % | | | 8.9 | % | | | 8.9 | % | | | 8.9 | % |
Mobile Handset Advertising Network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8.6 | % | | | 7.5 | % | | | 5.5 | % |
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Total | | | 9.0 | % | | | 9.2 | % | | | 9.3 | % | | | 8.3 | % | | | 8.9 | % | | | 9.0 | % | | | 9.3 | % | | | 9.3 | % |
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Certain quarterly financial information related to the each fiscal quarters of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 have been restated and differ from previously announced information in the Forms 6-K furnished to the SEC on May 26, 2006, August 21, 2006, November 20, 2006 and February 26, 2007 as a result of the following:
Advertising agency rebates for each fiscal quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006.We classified $88,537, $624,365, $425,807 and $257, 205 advertising agency rebates, respectively, as selling expenses rather than as a reduction of revenues in the quarter ended March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31, 2006, respectively. This adjustment resulted in a decrease in the originally reported gross margin and a decrease to reported selling expenses from our filings on Form 6-K dated May 26, 2006, August 21, 2006, Novemeber 20, 2006 and February 26, 2007, respectively. The foregoing restated amounts did not affect net income or earnings per share.
B. Operating Results
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2005
Total Revenues. Our total revenues increased substantially from $68.2 million in 2005 to $211.9 million in 2006 due to an increase in our advertising service revenue.
Our total advertising service revenue increased significantly from $66.9 million in 2005 to $210.0 million in 2006, including the advertising service revenues derived from in-elevator poster frame advertising network amounting to $40.9 million and $10.1 million from mobile handset advertising network primarily as a result of our acquisitions in 2006.
Commercial location network. Advertising service revenue from our commercial location network increased significantly from $61.4 million in 2005 to $132.1 million, including $13.8 million to related parties in 2006. The increase in advertising service revenue for our commercial location network is attributable to:
| • | | an increase in the number of 30-second-equivalent advertising time slots we sold on our commercial location network, from 13,943 in 2005 to 23,917 in 2006, as well as the increase in the average selling price per time slot sold, from $4,461 in 2005 to $5,522 in 2006. Total network capacity, measured by number of available time slots, also increased from 9,028 as of December 31, 2005 to 15,939 as of December 31, 2006. |
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| • | | Our network reach increased from 58 cities as of December 31, 2005, including 26 cities directly operated by our company and 32 cities operated by our regional distributors, to 91 cities as of December 31, 2006, including 51 cities directly operated by our company and 40 cities operated by our regional distributors; |
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| • | | We gained an additional seven minutes of advertising cycle time from each of our regional distributors after we acquired them between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2005; and |
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| • | | On July 1, 2005, we extended the cycle time in our directly operated Tier II cities from nine minutes to twelve minutes. |
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| • | | The increase in the number of 30-second-equivalent advertising time slots sold on our commercial location network was also attributable to increased acceptance of our network among our advertising clients, which we believe is primarily due to the increased coverage and effectiveness of our network that grew from 48,226 flat-panel displays as of December 31, 2005 to 80,263 displays as of December 31, 2006, including our regional distributors. |
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| • | | The increase in the average selling price was largely due to increased demand for time slots with higher selling prices in our Tier II cities, while the average selling price of our advertising services in our Tier I cities increased between these two periods. |
In-store network. Advertising service revenue from our in-store network, which commenced operations in April 2005, totaled $26.9 million in 2006. We expect the contribution to our total revenues from our in-store network to increase in the near future.
Other revenues increased from $1.3 million in 2005 to $1.9 million in 2006, primarily from license fees that we received from our oversea franchise companies. By the end of 2006, we granted licenses to approximately 10 oversea franchise companies using the Focus Media brand in operating local LCD advertising networks in India, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Gulf Cooperation Council region (including Saudi Arabia), HongKong, Taiwan and Singapore.
Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues increased significantly from $26.7 million in 2005 to $81.4 million in 2006 due to increases in our net advertising service cost for our commercial location network, our in-store network and two new business lines: our poster frame network and mobile handset advertising network.
| • | | Net advertising service cost — commercial location network. Our net advertising services cost for our commercial location network increased substantially from $18.3 million in 2005 to $42.8 million in 2006. This increase was due to the substantial increase in our advertising service business on our commercial location network between these two periods. Our location costs increased substantially from $11.3 million in 2005 to $25.8 million in 2006 due to a substantial increase in the number of commercial locations where we entered into display placement agreements. Our rental fees increased as a percentage of total revenues between these two periods as a result of (1) a significant increase in the number of locations in our commercial location network, including those previously operated by Target Media; and (2) increased rental payments for the renewal of display placement agreements in the more desirable locations on our commercial location network offset in part by lower rental payments paid for new locations in our commercial location network because of a further reduction in the number of available desirable locations that command more expensive rental fees. Flat-panel display depreciation costs increased from $3.4 million in 2005 to $9.2 million in 2006, as a result of an increase in the number of flat-panel displays we own and operate directly from 45,049 as of December 31, 2005 to 80,623 as of December 31, 2006 and to our acquisition of Target Media Group and 3 regional distributors during this period. Other cost of revenues related to net advertising service cost increased from $3.2 million in 2005 to $6.1 million in 2006 as a result of (1) increase in number of personnel responsible for monitoring the network following the acquisition of Target Media; (2) an increase in the volume of CF cards we purchased even as the per-unit cost of CF cards decreased and (3) an increase in salary and benefit expenses for personnel responsible for location relations and display placement agreements with landlords and property managers and for maintaining and monitoring our network. |
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| • | | Net advertising service cost — in-store network. We began incurring net advertising service cost relating to our in-store network in April 2005 when we launched our in-store network. We incurred $18.1 million in net advertising service cost for our in-store network in 2006, consisting of location costs of $12.7 million and depreciation costs relating to the installation and maintenance of our in-store network amounting to $3.5 million. |
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| • | | Other cost. We incurred net advertising equipment costs of $975,747 in 2005 compared to $764,959 in 2006, which decrease reflects the fact that we have acquired many of our fastest-growing regional distributors. We expect net advertising equipment costs to continue to decrease. |
Gross Profit. As a result of the foregoing, our gross profit increased from $41.5 million in 2005 to $130.5 million in 2006 and our overall gross margin increased during the same period from 60.8% to 61.6%. The increase in our gross margin was due to a combination of the continuous increase in the sell-out rate and cost optimization.
Operating Expenses. Our operating expenses increased significantly from $18.7 million in 2005 to $50.1 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to increases in our selling and marketing expenses and in our general and administrative expenses associated with the growth of our business.
| • | | General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increased substantially from $9.1 million in 2005 to $25.7 million in 2006 mainly due to an increase in the size of our administrative staff and corresponding increases in expenses for salary and benefits as well as accounting and administrative costs related to being a public company. In addition, in connection with the options granted to our directors, employees and consultants since July 2004, we recorded stock-based compensation of $6.1 million in 2006 following the adoption of SFAS No. 123 (revised 2005),“Share-Based Payment”. |
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| • | | Selling and Marketing. Selling and marketing expenses increased substantially from $9.6 million in 2005 to $25.8 million in 2006 due to increases in marketing and promotional expenses by our sales force and in salary and benefits associated with the expansion of our sales force. |
Income from Operations. As a result of the foregoing, we had income from operations of $22.8 million in 2005 compared to $80.4 million in 2006.
Income Before Income Taxes and Minority Interest. Income before income taxes and minority interest was $24.4 million in 2005 compared to $84.3 million in 2006.
| • | | Interest Income, net. Interest income, net of interest expenses increased from 1.8 million in 2005 to $4.3 million in 2006. This interest income was the result of a significant increase in our cash and cash equivalents balances resulting from cash payments collected from our advertising operations and proceeds from our follow-on offerings. |
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| • | | Other Expense, net. We recorded net other expense of $161,148 in 2005 compared to other income of $287,539, in 2006. |
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| • | | Income Taxes. Our income taxes were $694,453 in 2005 compared to $1,043,538 in 2006. |
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| • | | Minority Interests. We had minority interests expense of $144,433 and $104,773 in 2005 and 2006, respectively, in connection with the pro rata income attributable to minority shareholders of our subsidiaries. |
Net Income. As a result of the foregoing, we recorded net income of $83.2 million in 2006 compared to net income of $23.5 million in 2005.
Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2004
Total Revenues. Our total revenues increased substantially from $29.2 million in 2004 to $68.2 million in 2005 due to an increase in our advertising service revenue which was partially offset by a decrease in advertising equipment revenue.
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Our total advertising service revenue increased significantly from $26.3 million in 2004 to $66.9 million in 2005.
Commercial location network. Advertising service revenue from our commercial location network increased significantly from $26.3 million in 2004 to $61.4 million, including $7.2 million to related parties in 2005. The increase in advertising service revenue for our commercial location network is attributable to:
| • | | an increase in the number of 30-second-equivalent advertising time slots we sold on our commercial location network from 4,723 in 2004 to 13,943 in 2005 and partially offset by a decrease in the average selling price per time slot sold from $5,573 in 2004 to $4,461 in 2005. Total network capacity, measured by number of available time slots, also increased from 5,170 as of December 31, 2004 to 9,028 as of December 31, 2005. The increase in the number of 30-second-equivalent advertising time slots sold between these two periods is due primarily to the following factors: |
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| • | | Our network reach increased from 34 cities as of December 31, 2004, including 11 cities directly operated by our company and 23 cities operated by our regional distributors, to 58 cities as of December 31, 2005, including 26 cities directly operated by our company and 32 cities operated by our regional distributors; |
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| • | | We gained an additional seven minutes of advertising cycle time from each of our regional distributors after we acquired them between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2005; and |
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| • | | On July 1, 2005, we extended the cycle time in our directly operated Tier II cities from nine minutes to twelve minutes. |
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| • | | The increase in the number of 30-second-equivalent advertising time slots sold on our commercial location network was also attributable to increased acceptance of our network among our advertising clients, which we believe is primarily due to the increased coverage and effectiveness of our network that grew from 15,415 flat-panel displays as of December 31, 2004 to 48,226 displays as of December 31, 2005, including our regional distributors. |
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| • | | The decrease in the average selling price was largely due to growth in sales of time slots with lower selling prices in our Tier II cities, while the average selling price of our advertising services in our Tier I cities increased between these two periods. |
In-store network. Advertising service revenue from our in-store network, which commenced operations in April 2005, totaled $5.5 million in 2005. We expect the contribution to our total revenues from our in-store network to increase in the near future.
Our advertising equipment revenue decreased from $2.9 million in 2004 to $1.3 million in 2005. This decrease was primarily attributable to our acquisition of a number of our regional distributors during 2004 and 2005 because, following each acquisition, we no longer sell flat-panel displays to each former regional distributor. This decrease was also partially attributable to decreased sales to our existing regional distributors, as the initial installation of the network in their respective cities of operation was largely completed in 2004 and the first quarter of 2005. We expect advertising equipment revenue to remain stable or decrease over time as we continue to acquire our existing regional distributors and as the most desirable cities for the establishment of similar networks by regional distributors become saturated.
Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues increased significantly from $8.7 million in 2004 to $26.7 million in 2005 due to increases in our net advertising service cost for our commercial location network and our in-store network and in our net advertising equipment cost.
| • | | Net advertising service cost — commercial location network. Our net advertising services cost for our commercial location network increased substantially from $6.8 million in 2004 to $18.3 million in 2005. This increase was due to the substantial increase in our advertising service business on our commercial |
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| | | location network between these two periods. Our location costs increased substantially from $4.6 million in 2004 to $11.3 million in 2005 due to a substantial increase in the number of commercial locations where we entered into display placement agreements. Our rental fees increased as a percentage of total revenues between these two periods as a result of (1) a significant increase in the number of locations in our commercial location network (2) increased rental payments for the renewal of display placement agreements in the more desirable locations on our commercial location network offset in part by lower rental payments paid for new locations in our commercial location network because of a further reduction in the number of available desirable locations that command more expensive rental fees. Flat-panel display depreciation costs increased from $774,375 in 2004 to $3.4 million in 2005, as a result of an increase in the number of flat-panel displays we own and operate directly from 12,786 as of December 31, 2004 to 45,049 as of December 31, 2005 and to our acquisition of 14 regional distributors during this period. Other cost of revenues related to net advertising service cost increased from $1.4 million in 2004 to $3.2 million in 2005 as a result of (1) an increase in the volume of CF cards we purchased even as the per-unit cost of CF cards decreased and (2) an increase in salary and benefit expenses for personnel responsible for location relations and display placement agreements with landlords and property managers and for maintaining and monitoring our network. |
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| • | | Net advertising service cost — in-store network. We began incurring net advertising service cost relating to our in-store network in April 2005 when we launched our in-store network. We incurred $7.4 million in net advertising service cost for our in-store network in 2005, consisting of location costs and depreciation costs relating to the installation and maintenance of our in-store network. |
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| • | | Net advertising equipment cost. We incurred net advertising equipment costs of $1.9 million in 2004 compared to $975,747 in 2005, which decrease reflects the fact that we have acquired many of our fastest-growing regional distributors. We expect net advertising equipment costs to continue to decrease. |
Gross Profit. As a result of the foregoing, our gross profit increased from $20.5 million in 2004 to $41.5 million in 2005 although our overall gross margin decreased during the same period from 70.0% to 60.8%. The decrease in our gross margin was largely a result of increased rental payments, including fixed initial payments, to stores and depreciation costs incurred as we launched our in-store network.
Operating Expenses. Our operating expenses increased significantly from $7.5 million in 2004 to $18.7 million in 2005. This increase was primarily due to increases in our business tax, our selling and marketing expenses and in our general and administrative expenses associated with the growth of our business, such as salaries and costs associated with preparing to become a publicly listed company.
| • | | General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increased substantially from $4.0 million in 2004 to $9.1 million in 2005 mainly due to an increase in the size of our administrative staff and corresponding increases in expenses for salary and benefits as well as accounting and administrative costs relating to being a public company. In addition, in connection with the options granted to our directors, employees and consultants since July 2004, we recorded stock based compensation of $683,186 in 2005. |
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| • | | Selling and Marketing. Selling and marketing expenses increased substantially from $3.5 million in 2004 to $9.6 million in 2005 due to increases in marketing and promotional expenses by our sales force, and in salary and benefits associated with the expansion of our sales force. |
Income from Operations. As a result of the foregoing, we had income from operations of $13.0 million in 2004 compared to $22.8 million in 2005.
Income Before Income Taxes and Minority Interest. Income before income taxes and minority interest was $1.3 million in 2004 compared to $24.4 million in 2005, which included interest income and other income (expenses) and change in fair value of series B convertible redeemable preferred shares in 2004.
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| • | | Interest Income, net. Interest income increased from $9,739 in 2004 to $1.8 million in 2005. This interest income was the result of a significant increase in our cash and cash equivalents balances resulting from cash payments collected from our advertising operations, sales of our preference shares and proceeds from our initial public offering. |
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| • | | Other Expense, net. We recorded net other expense of $3,843 in 2004 compared to other expense of $161,148 in 2005. |
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| • | | Change in Fair Value of Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares. We incurred a change in fair value of series B convertible redeemable preferred shares of $11.7 million in 2004. Upon the occurrence of our initial public offering in July 2005, all outstanding preference shares were converted into ordinary shares, and accordingly we did not incur any change in fair value of series B convertible redeemable preferred shares in 2005. |
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| • | | Income Taxes. Our income taxes were $907,550 in 2004 compared to $694,453 in 2005, which decrease resulted from the fact that in 2005, we derived most of our revenue from Focus Media Advertising Agency, which had no tax liability during this period, whereas during 2004, we derived most of our revenues from Focus Media Advertisement, which had tax liability. |
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| • | | Minority Interest. We had minority interest expense of $13,516 and $144,433 in 2004 and 2005, respectively, in connection with the pro rata income attributable to minority shareholders of four of our subsidiaries. |
Net Income. As a result of the foregoing, we recorded net income of $23.5 million in 2005 compared to net income of $372,752 in 2004.
C. Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flows and Working Capital
To date, we have financed our operations primarily through cash generated from operating activities and sales of equity in private and public transactions. As of December 31, 2006, we had approximately $164.6 million in cash and cash equivalents. As we have expanded our network, entered into a large number of display placement agreements, increased our acquisition of regional distributors and related businesses, and made strategic acquisitions, our cash needs for such acquisitions, the purchase of flat-panel displays, payment of our location and maintenance costs and employee costs increased significantly and accounted for the net cash used in investing activities. Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash on hand and liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are deposited with banks and other financial institutions. We generally deposit our excess cash in interest bearing bank accounts. Although we consolidate the results of Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements and we can utilize their cash and cash equivalents in our operations through Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries, we do not have direct access to the cash and cash equivalents or future earnings of Focus Media Advertisement. However, these cash balances can be utilized by us for our normal operations pursuant to our agreements with Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries that provide us with effective control over Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries. In addition, we have access to the cash flows of Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries through contractual arrangements with our subsidiaries Focus Media Technology and Focus Media Digital, which provide technical and other services in exchange for fees. See “Item 7.B Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions — Agreements Among Us, Focus Media Technology, Focus Media Digital, New Focus Media Advertisement, Focus Media Advertisement and Its Subsidiaries”.
We expect to require cash in order to fund our ongoing business needs, particularly the location costs connected with the placement of our television displays, to fund the ongoing expansion of our network and for payments in connection with our acquisitions. Other possible cash needs may include the upgrading of technology on
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our network as well as any payment of claims that could be made against us. We have not encountered any difficulties in meeting our current cash needs.
The following table shows our cash flows with respect to operating activities, investing activities and financing activities in 2004, 2005 and 2006:
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| | For the year ended December 31, |
| | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 |
| | (in thousands of U.S. dollars) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | $ | 4,045 | | | $ | 11,269 | | | $ | 93,355 | |
Net cash (used) in investing activities | | | (11,070 | ) | | | (117,667 | ) | | | (121,994 | ) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 28,978 | | | | 119,169 | | | | 153,521 | |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalent | | | 21,953 | | | | 13,984 | | | | 127,958 | |
We had cash provided by operating activities of $93.4 million in 2006. This was primarily attributable to net income generated from the operation of our advertising network, adjusted up $7.9 million, $3.1 million and $1.3 million to reflect prepaid expenses and other current assets, rental deposits and income taxes payable, respectively, and adjusted down by $22.3 million, 4.7 million, $3.2 million and $1.7 million to reflect accounts receivable, amounts due from related parties accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities respectively. We had cash provided by operating activities of $11.3 million in 2005. This was primarily attributable to net income generated from the operation of our advertising network, adjusted up, $5.0 million, $672,585 and $4.0 million to reflect accounts payable, income taxes payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities, respectively, and adjusted down $380,174, $14.7 million and $2.3 million to reflect amounts due from related parties, accounts receivable and prepaid expenses and other current assets, respectively. We had net cash provided by operating activities of $4.0 million in 2004. This was primarily attributable to our net income from operation of our network, adjusted down $4.5 million, $2.5 million, $1.6 million and $1.7 million to reflect our accounts receivable from our advertising clients and regional distributors, a decrease in amounts due from related parties, accounts payable from location and maintenance costs owed to third parties and prepaid expenses and other current assets including location costs, respectively, and adjusted up $11.7 million, $4.2 million and $0.8 million to reflect the change in fair value of derivative liability, accrued expenses from location costs and maintenance costs and other current liabilities and income taxes payable, respectively.
We had net cash used in investing activities of $122.0 million in 2006, primarily in connection with the acquisition of companies, including Target Media and Focus Media Wireless, subsidiaries and regional distributors, purchase of equipment used to expand our networks, and rental deposits paid for locations on our out-of-home television, poster frame and outdoor LED networks. Our acquisition of Framedia involved our payment of $39.6 million in cash and issuance of $55.4 million of our ordinary shares to the seller parties at a fixed value of $2.456 per ordinary share. In addition, subject to Framedia’s attainment of certain financial performance goals in 2006, we may be obligated to issue up to $88 million in additional Focus Media ordinary shares, at a fixed value of $2.456 per ordinary share, to the selling parties in 2007. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement we entered into with E-Times and Skyvantage, we paid the seller parties $5.0 million. We also paid $94 million in cash and issued 77 million ordinary shares to the shareholders of Target Media. The issuance of such additional ordinary shares will also result in lower earnings per share or per ADS when we calculate our earnings for 2007 than would otherwise be the case were such additional shares not issued. See “Item 10.C Additional Information — Material Contracts — Framedia” and “— Target Media”. We had net cash used in investing activities of $117.7 million for in 2005, primarily in connection with the acquisition of companies, subsidiaries and regional distributors, purchase of equipment used to expand our commercial location and in-store networks, and rental deposits paid for locations on both our commercial location and in-store networks. We had net cash used in investing activities of $11.1 million in 2004. This was primarily attributable to our purchase of property and equipment for the operation of our network, rental deposits made in connection with our display placement agreements and our acquisition of eleven businesses, eight of which were our former regional distributors.
$153.5 million net cash was provided by financing activities in 2006, primarily from the proceeds of $142.7 million, net of issuance costs, from our follow-on offerings. $119.2 million net cash was provided by financing activities in 2005, primarily from the proceeds of our initial public offering in July 2005. We had net cash provided by financing activities of $29.0 million in 2004. This was attributable to the proceeds from the issuance of our Series B
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and Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares, offset slightly by the repayment of a short-term loan from one of our shareholders.
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, cash flow from operations and the proceeds from our recent public offering and follow-on offerings will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs, including for working capital and capital expenditures, for the foreseeable future. These additional cash needs may include costs associated with the expansion of our network, such as the purchase of flat-panel displays and LED digital billboards and increased location cost, including in connection with our acquisition of Framedia, Target Media, E-Times and Focus Media Wireless, as well as possible acquisitions of our regional distributors. We are also required under PRC law to set aside 10% of our after-tax profits into a general reserve fund. We expect that revenues from operation of our advertising network and the proceeds from our offerings will be sufficient to cover any such obligations and costs. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments. If these sources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell debt securities or additional equity securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of convertible debt securities or additional equity securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in debt service obligations and could result in operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
From time to time, we evaluate possible investments, acquisitions or divestments and may, if a suitable opportunity arises, make an investment or acquisition or conduct a divestment.
Transactions with Related Parties
Our transactions with related parties have been conducted on arm’s length terms. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions” and Note 18 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
Capital Expenditures
The following table sets forth our historical capital expenditures for the periods indicated. Actual future capital expenditures may differ from the amounts indicated below.
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| | For the year ended December 31, |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 |
| | (in thousands of U.S. dollars) |
Total capital expenditure | | $6,373 | | | $36,765 | | | $22,878 |
Our capital expenditures were made primarily to acquire flat-panel displays for our advertising network. Our capital expenditures are primarily funded by net cash provided from operating activities. We expect our capital expenditures in 2007, in an amount of approximately $20 million, to primarily consist of purchases of components for our flat-panel displays and new poster frames as we continue to expand our commercial location network, in-store network and poster frame network. We also intend to upgrade our financial, accounting and internal control systems. As opportunities arise, we may make additional acquisitions of regional distributors and other businesses that complement our operations. We believe that we will be able to fund these upgrades and equipment purchases through the revenues we generate, and do not anticipate that these obligations will have a material impact on our liquidity needs.
Restricted Net Assets
Relevant PRC laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, PRC laws and regulations require that annual appropriations of 10% of after-tax income for our general reserve fund should be set aside prior to payment of dividends. As a result of these PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiaries and our affiliated PRC entities are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to us whether in the form of dividends, loans or advances. As of December 31, 2005 and 2006, the amount of our restricted net assets was approximately $75.9 million and $223.4 million, respectively.
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D. Research, Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.
Research and Development
We intend to continue to develop a more advanced model of flat-panel display that uses mobile communications and wireless technology to receive, store, configure and play back advertising content. Whether or not we deploy this newer technology will depend upon cost and network security. We are also developing related software systems that will enable us to configure and run the content on our advertising network in conjunction with mobile communications systems. We also continue to develop proprietary software and systems in connection with the operation of and provision of services through our online advertising services business through Allyess.
Patents and Trademarks
We believe that the value of our advertising network derives from its effectiveness in reaching a large number of consumers with higher-than-average disposable incomes in urban areas. To a great extent, our business model does not rely on advanced or sophisticated technology or on proprietary trade secrets because our flat-panel displays are assembled with components purchased in off-the-shelf form from wholesale distributors. We endeavor to protect certain of the designs and operating software we use in each generation of our flat-panel displays. We are currently applying for design patents for our new model of flat-panel display and our software. As of December 31, 2006, we held one design patent for our flat-panel display technology. We have the right to use several trademarks relating to the “Focus Media” brand name in China and in Singapore. We also have the right to use several trademarks relating to the “Framedia” brand name in China. Following our acquisition of Allyes, we also acquired all of its intellectual property including that held by its subsidiaries and affiliates.
We do not know if our trademark applications will lead to registered trademarks with the scope of the goods and services we seek, if at all, or whether any trademark we have registered or may receive registration in the future will be challenged or invalidated. See Risk Factor on “Unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties, and the expenses incurred in protecting our intellectual property rights, may adversely affect our business.” We have also obtained copyright registration for a number of our software. We will continue to assess appropriate occasions for seeking trademark, copyright and other intellectual property protections for those aspects of our business that we believe provide significant competitive advantages.
The technology developed by Allyes enables us to collect and use data derived from user activity on the Internet. Although we believe that we have the right to use this information and to compile it in our databases, we cannot assure you that any trade secret, copyright or other protection will be available for this information. In addition, our clients and other parties may claim rights to this information.
E. Trend Information
Please refer to “—Overview” for a discussion of the most significant recent trends in our production, sales, costs and selling prices. In addition, please refer to discussions included in this Item for a discussion of known trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events that we believe are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net operating revenues, income from continuing operations, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition.
F. Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. In addition, we have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our own shares and classified as shareholder’s equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. Moreover, we do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
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G. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and commitments with definitive payment terms on a consolidated basis which will require significant cash outlays in the future as of December 31, 2006.
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| | Payments due December 31 | |
| | TOTAL | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 20010 | | | Thereafter | |
Display and poster frame placement agreement obligations | | $ | 107,242 | | | $ | 46,186 | | | $ | 31,363 | | | $ | 19,098 | | | $ | 8,683 | | | $ | 1,912 | |
Office premise lease obligations | | | 4,198 | | | | 1,971 | | | | 1,153 | | | | 773 | | | | 251 | | | | 50 | |
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Total contractual obligations | | $ | 111,440 | | | $ | 48,157 | | | $ | 32,516 | | | $ | 19,871 | | | $ | 8,934 | | | $ | 1,962 | |
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Other than certain leasing arrangements relating to the placement of our flat-panel and office premises, as of December 31, 2006, we did not have any long-term debt obligations, operating lease obligations or purchase obligations.
As of December 31, 2006, we had no other indebtedness, material contingent liabilities, or material mortgages or liens. We intend to meet our future funding needs primarily through net cash provided from operating activities and the proceeds of this offering. Our objective is to maintain the safety and liquidity of our cash. Therefore we intend to keep our cash and cash equivalents in short-term bank deposits and short-term bonds.
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. Directors and Senior Management
The following table sets forth certain information relating to our directors and executive officers. The business address of each of our directors and executive officers is 28-30/F, Zhao Feng World Trade Building, 369 Jiangsu Road, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China.
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Name | | Age | | Position |
Jason Nanchun Jiang | | | 34 | | | Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer |
David Feng Yu(1) | | | 45 | | | Co-chairman of the Board of Directors |
Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 34 | | | Director |
Fumin Zhuo(2) | | | 55 | | | Director |
Neil Nanpeng Shen(2) | | | 39 | | | Director |
Charles Chao(2) | | | 41 | | | Director |
Daqing Qi(3) | | | 43 | | | Director |
Zhi Tan | | | 52 | | | President and Director |
Daniel Mingdong Wu | | | 40 | | | Chief Financial Officer |
Diana Congrong Chen | | | 39 | | | Chief Operating Officer |
July Lilin Wang | | | 35 | | | Chief Accounting Officer |
Cindy Yan Chan | | | 41 | | | Chief Strategy Officer |
Ergo Xueyuan Liu | | | 36 | | | Vice President — Commercial Location Network |
Acer Jiawei Zhang | | | 30 | | | Vice President — In-store Network |
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(1) | | Mr. Yu was appointed as co-chairman of the board of directors of Focus Media on February 28, 2006 pursuant to the terms of the share purchase agreement between us and Target Media in connection with our acquisition of Target Media. |
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(2) | | Independent director and a member of our audit committee, compensation committee and nomination committee. |
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(3) | | Mr. Qi was appointed as an independent director on February 28, 2006 by the seller parties of Target Media pursuant to the terms of the share purchase agreement between us and Target Media in connection with our acquisition of Target Media. |
Jason Nanchun Jiang, our founder, has served as the chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive officer since May 2003. From 1994 to 2003, Mr. Jiang was the chief executive officer of Everease Advertising Corporation. Starting in 2003, Mr. Jiang was general manager of Aiqi Advertising, an advertising
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company founded by his immediate family members in 1997 which was renamed Focus Media Advertisement in May 2003 in connection with the establishment of our current business operations. In December 2003, Mr. Jiang was selected by China News Publisher’s Media magazine as one of the “Media People of the Year”. In September 2003, Mr. Jiang was selected by the Television and Newspaper Committees of the China Advertising Commission as one of its “contemporary outstanding advertising media personalities”. Mr. Jiang received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Chinese language and literature from Huadong Normal University in 1995.
David Feng Yuresigned from his position as president since January 2007 and retains his position as co-chairman of the Board. He has served as co-chairman of our board of directors and as our president since February 28, 2006. From 2003 until February 2006, Mr. Yu was chairman and chief executive Officer of Target Media, which we acquired in February 2006. From 2000 to 2003, Mr. Yu was chief executive offer and the sole beneficial owner of Dian Yang, whose flat panel display advertising business was transferred to Target Media in December 2003. From 1999 to 2000, Mr. Yu was the general manager of Shanghai Yuanye Info Tech Co., Ltd. In May 2005, Mr. Yu was selected by the Advertising Newspaper in China as one of the “Most Influential Advertising People of the Year.” In December 2004, Mr. Yu was selected by China Venture Capital Forum 2004 as one of the “Top 10 Enterprisers of the Year.” Mr. Yu received an Executive M.B.A. degree from China Europe International Business School in 2001 and a Master of Arts degree in philosophy from Fudan University in 1991.
Jimmy Wei Yuhas served as our director since May 2003. Mr. Yu is the chairman and chief executive officer of United Capital Investment (China) limited, which is one of our principal shareholders and the management company of United China Investment Limited and KTB/UCI China Ventures I Limited and UCI China Venture II Limited. Mr. Yu is also the chairman of Shanghai Multimedia Park Venture Capital, a position he has held since 2003. From 1995 to 1999, Mr. Yu served in various capacities in several telecommunications companies, including as Chief Representative of UTStarcom (Hong Kong) Ltd. He also has been the Chief Representative of Softbank China Venture Capital, which is the management company of SB China Holdings Pte. Ltd., one of our shareholders, since its incorporation in 1999.
Fumin Zhuohas served as our director since December 2004 and has more than 27 years of experience in investment and corporate management. Mr. Zhuo has also served as a general partner in SIG Capital Limited since July 2005. Prior to this, Mr. Zhuo served as chairman and chief executive officer of Vertex China Investment Company (VCI), a company concentrating in investments in the Greater China region, since he joined the fund in July 2002. From 1995 to July 2002, Mr. Zhuo was chief executive officer of Shanghai Industrial Holding Ltd. and chairman of SIIC Medical Science & Technology (Group). Prior to this, starting in 1987, Mr. Zhuo served as chief assistant officer of the Shanghai Economic System Reform Committee. Mr. Zhuo has extensive experience in venture capital fund formation, mergers and acquisitions, and investment management. Mr. Zhuo graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University’s Electrical Engineering School with a degree in enterprise management and also holds a Master’s degree in economics from Fudan University.
Neil Nanpeng Shenhas served as our director since December 2004. Mr. Shen is the founding managing partner of Sequoia Capital China, or Sequoia China, a China-focused venture capital fund which was established in August 2005. Prior to founding Sequoia China, Mr. Shen was president and chief financial officer of Ctrip.com International Limited, or Ctrip, a Nasdaq-listed on-line travel services company he co-founded and for which he continues to serve as a director. Prior to founding Ctrip, Mr. Shen worked for more than eight years in the investment banking industry in New York and Hong Kong. He was a director at Deutsche Bank Hong Kong where he worked from 1996 to 1999. Prior to 1996, he worked at Chemical Bank, Lehman Brothers and Citibank in various investment banking positions. Mr. Shen is also co-founder and co-chairman of Home Inns & Hotels Management (Hong Kong) Limited. Mr. Shen received his Master’s degree from the School of Management at Yale University and his Bachelor’s degree from Shanghai Jiaotong University.
Charles Chaowas appointed as our director in November 2005 to replace Ted Tak Dee Sun who passed away in September 2005. Mr. Chao is president and chief executive officer of SINA Corporation, an online media company listed on the NASDAQ Global Market. Before he joined SINA Corporation in September 1999, Mr. Chao served as an experienced audit manager with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, providing auditing and business consulting services for high tech companies in Silicon Valley, California. Mr. Chao received his master of professional accounting from University of Texas at Austin. He also holds an MA degree in journalism from
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University of Oklahoma and a BA degree in Journalism from Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Mr. Chao is a certified public accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
Daqing Qiwas appointed as our director in February 28, 2006 upon the closing of our acquisition of Target Media. Professor Qi is professor of accounting and associate dean of the Cheong Kong Graduate School of Business, where he has taught since 2002. From 1996 until 2002, Professor Qi taught in the School of Accountancy at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Professor Qi also has extensive experience in providing executive training and consulting services in accounting and corporate finance to government departments and private companies, including the Ministry of Information Industries of the People’s Republic of China, the Shanghai Municipal Government, China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, China Netcom, Nokia and Ericsson. Professor Qi also serves on the board of directors of Sohu.com, a Nasdaq-listed company that provides online services in China. Professor Qi holds a B.S. degree in biophysics and a B.A. degree in journalism from Fudan University, an MBA degree from the University of Hawaii Manoa with a concentration in accounting and finance and a Ph.D. degree in accounting from the Eli Broad Graduate School of Management of Michigan State University.
Zhi Tanwas appointed as our president and director in January 2007. Prior to his appointment as president, Zhi Tan was the senior vice president in charge of the operations of our poster frame network. ZhiTan was previously the chairman and chief executive officer of Framedia. Zhi Tan has extensive management and operational experience. He served as senior advisor at Tom.com of Hong Kong prior to join Framedia. From 1999 to 2002, he was the chief executive officer of 8848.net Corporation, which was one of the largest online e-commerce organizations in China. Before joining 8848.net, Zhi Tan was deputy general manager for Microsoft China in 1999. Prior to Microsoft, Zhi Tan was senior vice-president for UTStarcom China from 1995 to 1998. He was directly responsible for all aspects of operations for both Microsoft China and UTStarcom China. Zhi Tan received his PhD in Computer Science from Worcester Polytechnic Institute of Massachusetts in 1987and a B.S. in Computer Engineering from Jilin Industrial University in China in 1980.
Daniel Mingdong Wuhas served as our chief financial officer since February 2005. Mr. Wu was chief financial officer and a director of Harbour Networks Ltd. from January 2004 until January 2005. Prior to that, Mr. Wu was a partner of Bridgecross Ltd. from 2001 until 2003 and acting chief financial officer of Wi-Comm United Communications Inc. from May 2003 until January 2004. From 2000 until 2001, Mr. Wu was a vice president for technology investment banking at Merrill Lynch (Asia Pacific) Ltd. From 1996 to 2000, Mr. Wu worked in the global communications group of Lehman Brothers Inc. Mr. Wu holds a B.A. degree from the State University of New York at Buffalo and an MBA degree from Columbia Business School.
Diana Congrong Chenwas appointed as our chief operating officer in November 2006. Ms. Chen joined Focus Media as chief marketing officer in May 2005. Before joining Focus Media, Ms. Chen worked for Phoenix Satellite TV from 1998 to 2004, serving as general manager, director of international advertising and president of East China region. While at Phoenix Satellite TV, Ms. Chen successfully developed business in Zhejiang and East China region and was awarded Best Sales Team for several years. In 2004, Ms. Chen was honored with a Most Outstanding Employee Award by Phoenix Satellite TV. Prior to that, Ms. Chen was the vice president of sales for Tucano Clothing China and office manager for China Animal By-product Import and Export Co. Ms. Chen holds a B.A. degree in journalism from Zhejiang University.
July Lilin Wangjoined Focus Media as chief accounting officer in April 2005. Prior to joining Focus Media, Ms. Wang worked as a senior manager at Ernst & Young’s Shanghai office from April 2004 to April 2005. From November 2002 to April 2004, Ms. Wang was a senior supervisor at Ernst & Young’s San Jose, California office. From 1994 to 2002, Ms. Wang worked as a senior manager at Ernst & Young’s Shanghai office. Ms. Wang received a B.A. degree in economics from Shanghai University of Economics and Finance.
Cindy Yan Chanjoined Focus Media in August 2005 as chief strategy officer. Ms. Chan has over 10 years of experience in the advertising industry in China. Before joining Focus Media, Ms. Chan was deputy general manger for iMPACT, ZenithOptimedia’s outdoor media department, an outdoor media buyer in China, from 2000 to 2005. Ms. Chan is also among the most reputable media researchers in China, and has published articles on the theory of outdoor media and China’s outdoor media market, which has been quoted in prominent publications such as Forbes magazine and Media magazine. Ms. Chan holds a master’s degree in economics from Nankai University.
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Ergo Xueyuan Liujoined Focus Media as Vice President — Commercial Location Network in June 2004. Prior to joining Focus Media, Mr. Liu worked for Everease as an account manager from March 2003 until June 2004. From June 2002 until February 2003, Mr. Liu was general manager and a director of Beijing Fanenchangmei Advertising Co., Ltd., prior to which he was general manager of Manager magazine from January 2001 until May 2002. In 1999 and 2000, Mr. Liu worked in the enterprise department of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Group Company and was assistant manager of Yigao Electronics Co., Ltd. Mr. Liu received a B.A. degree in Chinese literature from Huazhong College of Engineering (now Huazhong Science and Technology University) in 1992.
Acer Jiawei Zhangjoined Focus Media as Vice President — In-store Network in March 2005. Prior to joining Focus Media, Mr. Zhang worked for Media Partners International Holdings Inc. from 2001 to 2004, serving as account director, business director of the Beijing branch office and director of agency relations. While at Media Partners International, Mr. Zhang established a national “key account” service system, improved consulting and client services, and managed the development of its digital outdoor media project. From 1998 to 2001, Mr. Zhang was a sales director for Media Century Holdings Inc. in the Wuhan, Chengdu and Beijing offices. At Media Century, Mr. Zhang assisted with developing new markets and preparing for its domestic initial public offering and assisted in the acquisition of one of its key competitors. Mr. Zhang received a B.A. degree in arts design from Hubei Polytechnic Institute.
We increased our board of directors from five to seven members when we completed our acquisition of Target Media, and assisted in the nomination and appointment of David Feng Yu, the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Target Media, and Daqing Qi to fill the additional seats as of February 28, 2006.
Duties Of Directors
Under Cayman Islands law, our directors have a duty of loyalty to act honestly in good faith with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. A company has the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached.
The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:
| • | | convening shareholders’ meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings; |
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| • | | implementing shareholders’ resolutions; |
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| • | | determining our business plans and investment proposals; |
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| • | | formulating our profit distribution plans and loss recovery plans; |
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| • | | determining our debt and finance policies and proposals for the increase or decrease in our registered capital and the issuance of debentures; |
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| • | | formulating our major acquisition and disposition plans, and plans for merger, division or dissolution; |
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| • | | proposing amendments to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association; and |
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| • | | exercising any other powers conferred by the shareholders’ meetings or under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. |
B. Compensation
In 2006, we paid aggregate cash compensation of approximately $850,000 to our directors and executive officers as a group. In 2004, 2005 and 2006, we granted to selected directors, officers and employees options to acquire an aggregate 20,643,400, 22,503,630 and 14,800,000 ordinary shares, respectively. We have no service
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contracts with any of our directors or executive officers that provide benefits to them upon termination. We do not pay or set aside any amounts for pension, retirement or other benefits for our officers and directors.
Share Option Plans
Our 2003 Employee Share Option Scheme, or our 2003 Option Plan, was adopted by our board of directors at a meeting on June 1, 2003. Our members and board of directors adopted our 2005 Share Option Plan, or our 2005 Option Plan, in May 2005. Our members and board of directors adopted our 2006 Employee Share Option Plan, or our 2006 Option Plan, in October 2006. Our option plans are intended to promote our success and to increase shareholder value by providing an additional means to attract, motivate, retain and reward selected directors, officers, employees and third-party consultants and advisors.
Originally, under our 2003 Option Plan, not more than 30% of our share capital was reserved for grants of options. Prior to the adoption of our 2005 Option Plan, we issued options equivalent to 10.87% of our issued share capital under our 2003 Option Plan. Under our 2005 Option Plan, the amount of options we may issue has been reduced to an aggregate of 20% of our share capital, including the 10.87% already granted under our 2003 Option Plan. In addition, during the three years from the adoption of our 2005 Option Plan, we may issue no more than 5% of our share capital for grants of options.
Under our 2003 Option Plan:
| • | | In July and August 2004, we granted: |
| • | | options to purchase 12,181,600 shares, representing 3.7% of our pre-offering diluted share capital, to certain members of our board of directors and our management group. Each of these options has an exercise price of $0.24 per share. 8,460,800 of these options vest over three years while the remaining 3,720,800 options vest over one year. |
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| • | | options to purchase 8,461,800 shares, representing 2.5% of our pre-offering diluted share capital, to members of our staff. Each of these options has an exercise price of $0.24 per share. 2,159,800 of these options vest over three years while the remaining 6,302,000 options vest over one year. |
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| • | | options to purchase 4,564,800 shares, representing 1.4% of our pre-offering diluted share capital, to third-party consultants and advisors. Each of these options have an exercise price of $0.24 per share. 1,310,400 of these options vest over three years while the remaining 3,254,400 options vest over one year. |
Under our 2005 Option Plan:
| • | | In January 2005, we granted additional options to purchase 1,200,000 of our ordinary shares to some of our directors with an exercise price of $0.58 per share. All of these options vest over three years. |
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| • | | In February 2005, we granted: |
| • | | options to purchase 2,000,000 and 2,100,000 of our ordinary shares with an exercise price of $0.58 and $0.75, respectively, to certain of our executive officers and options to purchase 720,000 of our ordinary shares with an exercise price of $0.75 to certain of our employees. All of these options vest over three years. |
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| • | | options to purchase 1,240,000 of our ordinary shares to third-party consultants and advisors with an exercise price of $0.75. All of these options vest over three years. |
| • | | In July 2005, we granted: |
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| • | | options to purchase 11,683,630 of our ordinary shares with an exercise price of $1.70, to certain of our executive officers and employees. All of these options vest over three years. |
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| • | | options to purchase 100,000 of our ordinary shares to a third-party consultant with an exercise price of $1.70. All of these options vest over three years. |
| • | | In November 2005, we granted: |
| • | | options to purchase 800,000 of our ordinary shares with an exercise price of $2.60, to certain of our executive officers and employees. All of these options vest over three years. |
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| • | | options to purchase 4,000,000 of our ordinary shares with an exercise price of $2.70, to certain of our executive officers and employees. All of these options vest over three years. |
| • | | In March 2006, we granted options to purchase 3,000,000 of our ordinary shares with an exercise price of $5.09, to certain of our executive officers, employees and directors. All of these options vest over three years. |
Under our 2006 Option Plan:
| • | | In November 2006, we granted options to purchase 11,800,000 of our ordinary shares to certain of our employees, executive officers and directors. Of these options, 10,300,000 were issued to non-management employees and 1,500,000 were issued to our directors and officers. The issuance to our officers and directors included a grant to Jason Nanchun Jiang of options to purchase 500,000 of our ordinary shares. No other director or officer, upon exercise of all options granted, would beneficially own more than 1% of our outstanding ordinary shares. All of the options granted vest over a three year period, beginning one year from the date of issuance. The exercise price of the options is $5.724 per share which was based on the market price of our ADSs at the time the options were granted. The options expire on November 14, 2016. |
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| • | | In March 2007, we granted options to purchase 1,200,000 of our ordinary shares to certain of our employees. The exercise price of the options is $7.20 per share which was based on the market price of our ADSs at the time the options were granted. The options expire on March 18, 2017. |
Options generally do not vest unless the grantee remains under our employment or in service with us on the given vesting date. However, in circumstances where there is a death or disability of the grantee, or, for certain option holders, a change in the control of our company, the vesting of options will be accelerated to permit immediate exercise of all options granted to a grantee.
Our compensation committee, which administers our option plans, has wide discretion to award options. Subject to the provisions of our option plans and the above allocation targets, our committee that administers our option plans determines who will be granted options, the type and timing of options to be granted, vesting schedules and other terms and conditions of options, including the exercise price. Any of our employees may be granted options. The number of options awarded to a person, if any, is based on the person’s potential ability to contribute to our success, the person’s position with us and other factors chosen by our board of directors.
Generally, to the extent an outstanding option granted under our option plans has not become vested on the date the grantee’s employment by or service with us terminates, the option will terminate and become unexercisable.
Our board of directors may amend, alter, suspend, or terminate each of our option plan at any time, provided, however, that in order to increase the limit of 20% of our share capital that may be granted as options, our board of directors must first seek the approval of our shareholders and, if such amendment, alteration, suspension or termination would adversely affect the rights of an optionee under any option granted prior to that date, the approval of such optionee. Without further action by our board of directors, our 2003 Option Plan, 2005 Option Plan and 2006 Option Plan will terminate in June 2013, May 2015 and October 2016, respectively.
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The table below sets forth the option grants made to our directors and executive officers pursuant to our 2003 and 2005 Option Plan as of March 31, 2007.
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| | | | | | Exercise | | | | |
| | Number of ordinary | | per | | | | |
| | shares to be issued upon | | ordinary | | | | |
| | exercise of options | | share | | Date of grant | | Date of expiration |
| | | | | | (in U.S. dollars) | | |
Jason Nanchun Jiang | | | 5,882,000 | | | $ | 0.24 | | | August 25, 2004 | | August 24, 2014 |
David Feng Yu | | | * | | | $ | 5.09 | | | March 10, 2006 | | March 9, 2016 |
Jimmy Wei Yu | | | * | | | $ | 0.24 | | | July 5, 2004 | | July 4, 2014 |
Jimmy Wei Yu | | | * | | | $ | 0.24 | | | August 25, 2004 | | August 24, 2014 |
Jimmy Wei Yu | | | * | | | $ | 1.70 | | | July 13, 2005 | | July 13, 2015 |
Fuming Zhuo | | | * | | | $ | 0.24 | | | August 10, 2004 | | August 9, 2014 |
Neil Nanpeng Shen | | | * | | | $ | 0.58 | | | January 1, 2005 | | December 31, 2014 |
Charles Chao | | | * | | | $ | 2.60 | | | November 2, 2005 | | November 1, 2015 |
Daqing Qi | | | * | | | $ | 5.09 | | | March 10, 2006 | | March 9, 2016 |
Zhi Tan | | | * | | | $ | 5.72 | | | November 16, 2006 | | November 15, 2015 |
Daniel Mingdong Wu | | | * | | | $ | 0.58 | | | February 2, 2005 | | February 1, 2015 |
Daniel Mingdong Wu | | | * | | | $ | 0.75 | | | February 2, 2005 | | February 1, 2015 |
Daniel Mingdong Wu | | | * | | | $ | 1.70 | | | July 13, 2005 | | July 13, 2015 |
July Lilin Wang | | | * | | | $ | 0.75 | | | February 2, 2005 | | February 1, 2015 |
Ergo Xueyuan Liu | | | * | | | $ | 0.24 | | | July 5, 2004 | | July 4, 2014 |
Acer Jiawei Zhang | | | * | | | $ | 0.75 | | | February 2, 2005 | | February 1, 2015 |
Diana Congrong Chen | | | * | | | $ | 1.70 | | | July 13, 2005 | | July 13, 2015 |
Cindy Yan Chan | | | * | | | $ | 1.70 | | | July 13, 2005 | | July 13, 2015 |
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* | | Upon exercise of all options granted, would beneficially own less than 1% of our outstanding ordinary shares, assuming all of our outstanding preference shares are converted into our ordinary shares. |
C. Board Practices
Each of our directors holds office until a successor has been duly elected and qualified unless the director was appointed by our board of directors, in which case such director holds office until the next following annual meeting of shareholders at which time such director is eligible for reelection. All of our executive officers are appointed by and serve at the discretion of our board of directors. Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries has entered into a contract with any of our directors by which our directors are expected to receive benefits upon termination of their employment.
Board Committees
Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominations committee.
Audit Committee.Our audit committee currently consists of Neil Nanpeng Shen, Charles Chao and Fumin Zhuo. Mr. Shen is the chairman of our audit committee. Our board of directors has determined that all of our audit committee members are “independent directors” within the meaning of Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 4200(a)(15) and meet the criteria for independence set forth in Section 10A(m)(3) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act.
Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:
| • | | recommending to our shareholders, if appropriate, the annual re-appointment of our independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors; |
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| • | | annually reviewing an independent auditors’ report describing the auditing firm’s internal quality-control procedures, any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality control review, or peer review, of the independent auditors and all relationships between the independent auditors and our company; |
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| • | | setting clear hiring policies for employees or former employees of the independent auditors; |
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| • | | reviewing with the independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response; |
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| • | | reviewing and approving all proposed related-party transactions, as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the U.S. securities laws; |
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| • | | discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditors; |
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| • | | discussing with management and the independent auditors major issues regarding accounting principles and financial statement presentations; |
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| • | | reviewing reports prepared by management or the independent auditors relating to significant financial reporting issues and judgments; |
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| • | | reviewing with management and the independent auditors the effect of regulatory and accounting initiatives, as well as off-balance sheet structures on our financial statements; |
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| • | | discussing policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management; |
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| • | | reviewing major issues as to the adequacy of our internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies; |
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| • | | timely reviewing reports from the independent auditors regarding all critical accounting policies and practices to be used by our company, all alternative treatments of financial information within U.S. GAAP that have been discussed with management and all other material written communications between the independent auditors and management; |
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| • | | establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received from our employees regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters; |
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| • | | annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter; |
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| • | | such other matters that are specifically delegated to our audit committee by our board of directors from time to time; |
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| • | | meeting separately, periodically, with management, the internal auditors and the independent auditors; and |
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| • | | reporting regularly to the full board of directors. |
Compensation Committee.Our current compensation committee consists of Neil Nanpeng Shen, Charles Chao and Fumin Zhuo. Mr. Chao is the chairman of our compensation committee. Our board of directors has determined that all of our compensation committee members are “independent directors” within the meaning of Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 4200(a)(15).
Our compensation committee is responsible for:
| • | | determining and recommending the compensation of our chief executive officer; |
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| • | | reviewing and making recommendations to our board of directors regarding our compensation policies and forms of compensation provided to our directors and officers; |
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| • | | reviewing and determining bonuses for our officers; |
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| • | | reviewing and determining share-based compensation for our directors and officers; |
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| • | | administering our equity incentive plans in accordance with the terms thereof; and |
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| • | | such other matters that are specifically delegated to the compensation committee by our board of directors from time to time. |
Nominations Committee.Our current nominations committee consists of Neil Nanpeng Shen, Charles Chao and Fumin Zhuo. Mr. Zhuo is the chairman of our nominations committee. Our board of directors has determined that all of our nominations committee members are “independent directors” within the meaning of Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 4200(a)(15).
Our nominations committee is responsible for, among other things, selecting and recommending the appointment of new directors to our board of directors.
D. Employees
As of December 31, 2006, we had a total of 3,548 full-time employees and no part-time employees. The following table sets out the number of staff by business area as of March 31, 2007:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Number of employees(1) | | Percentage |
Sales and marketing | | | 797 | | | | 22.5 | |
Operations | | | 1,875 | | | | 52.8 | |
Management and administration | | | 876 | | | | 24.7 | |
Total number of employees | | | 3,548 | | | | 100 | % |
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(1) | | This excludes employees our regional distributors and agents who are not directly under our employ. |
As required by PRC regulations, we participate in various employee benefit plans that are organized by municipal and provincial governments, including pension, work-related injury benefits, maternity insurance, medical and unemployment benefit plans. We are required under PRC law to make contributions to the employee benefit plans at specified percentages of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of our employees, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time. Members of the retirement plan are entitled to a pension equal to a fixed proportion of the salary prevailing at the member’s retirement date.
Generally we enter into a three-year standard employment contract with our officers and managers and a one-year standard employment contract with other employees. According to these contracts, all of our employees are prohibited from engaging in any activities that compete with our business during the period of their employment with us. Furthermore, the employment contracts with officers or managers include a covenant that prohibits officers or managers from engaging in any activities that compete with our business for two years after the period of their employment with us.
E. Share Ownership
Please see Item 6.B. and Item 7.
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A. Major Shareholders
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership, within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of our ordinary shares, as of July 31, 2007:
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| • | | each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our ordinary shares and |
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| • | | each of our directors and executive officers who beneficially own our ordinary shares. |
Beneficial ownership includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities. Except as indicated below, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ordinary shares shown as beneficially owned by them. The number of our ordinary shares outstanding used in calculating the percentage for each listed person includes our ordinary shares underlying options held by such person that are exercisable within 60 days of July 31, 2007, but excludes ordinary shares underlying options held by any other person. Percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 617,722,762 ordinary shares outstanding as of July 31, 2007.
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| | Shares beneficially owned | |
| | Number | | | Percent | |
Principal Shareholders | | | | | | |
JJ Media Investment Holding Ltd./ Jason Nanchun Jiang (1) | | | 61,494,209 | | | | 9.95 | % |
Total Team Investments Limited (2) | | | 35,830,622 | | | | 5.80 | % |
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Directors and Executive Officers (3) | | | | | | | | |
JJ Media Investment Holding Ltd./ Jason Nanchun Jiang (4) | | | 61,494,209 | | | | 9.95 | % |
David Feng Yu | | | * | | | | * | |
Jimmy Wei Yu | | | * | | | | * | |
Neil Nanpeng Shen | | | — | | | | * | |
Charles Chao | | | — | | | | * | |
Fumin Zhuo | | | — | | | | * | |
Daqing Qi | | | — | | | | * | |
Zhi Tan(5) | | | 35,830,622 | | | | 5.80 | % |
Daniel Mingdong Wu | | | — | | | | * | |
Diana Congrong Chen | | | — | | | | * | |
July Lilin Wang | | | — | | | | * | |
Cindy Yan Chan | | | — | | | | * | |
Ergo Xueyuan Liu | | | — | | | | * | |
Acer Jiawei Zhang | | | — | | | | * | |
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* | | Upon exercise of all options currently exercisable or vesting within 60 days of the date of this annual report, would beneficially own less than 1% of our ordinary shares. |
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(1) | | Includes 53,975,959 ordinary shares owned by JJ Media Investment Holding Ltd. and 5,041,600 and 2,476,650 options to purchase our ordinary shares owned by Target Sales International Limited and Target Management Group Limited. All of these entities are 100% owned by Jason Nanchun Jiang, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer. |
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(2) | | Total Team, a British Virgin Island company, is 13.37%, 10.79%, 10.46%, 9.99%, 9.30%, 9.23%, 8.14%, 5.81%, 5.76%, 5.54%, 5.23%, 4.04%, 1.74% and 0.58% owned by First Choice Investments Limited (jointly owned by Zhi Tan, our president, Gongquan Wang and Hong Chen), IDG Technology Venture Investment III, L.P. (owned by a group of unrelated parties), All in One International Limited (wholly owned by Lei Liu), Timeleader Profits Limited (wholly owned by Haiqi Zhao), Be First Investments Limited (wholly owned by Yue Yin), Yee On Investments Limited (wholly owned by Shisheng Liu), Excellent China (Group) Limited (wholly owned by Chunlong Xu), Dukeland Investments Limited (wholly owned by Xiaolu Sun who is Mr. Zhi Tan’s wife), Red Focus Inc. (wholly owned by Xuxia Yang), Nice Excel Investments Limited (wholly owned by Zhixue Ding), Sparkle Media Limited (wholly owned by Haijin Li), Yufai Investments Limited (wholly owned by Yong Shi), Best Star Profits Limited (wholly owned by Zefei Wu) and Hong Chen, respectively. Each shareholder of Total Team exercises the investment and voting power over our ordinary shares held by Total Team in proportion to its respective ownership right in Total Team. The address of Total Team is c/o Offshore Incorporations Limited, P.O. Box 957, Offshore Incorporations Centre, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. |
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(3) | | The address of our current directors and executive officers is c/o 28F, Zhao Feng World Trade Building, 369 Jiangsu Road, Shanghai 200050, China. |
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| | |
(4) | | See note 1. |
|
(5) | | Includes 35,830,622 ordinary shares held by Total Team. Dr. Tan is a joint shareholder of First Choice Investment Limited, which holds a 13.37% equity interest in Total Team. Dr. Tan disclaims beneficial ownership in the shares owned by Total Team except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. |
None of our major shareholders have different voting rights from those of our other shareholders. To the best of our knowledge, we are not directly or indirectly controlled by another corporation, by any foreign government or by any other natural or legal person severally or jointly.
We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company.
For information regarding our shares held or beneficially owned by persons in the United States, see “Item 9. The Offer and Listing—Market Price Information for Our American Depositary Shares” in this annual report.
B. Related Party Transactions
Details of advertising service revenue from related parties for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Year ended December 31, | |
Name of related parties | | Director interested | | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Shanghai Everease Advertising & Communication Ltd. | | Jason Nanchun Jiang | | $ | 1,302,331 | | | $ | 1,552,039 | | | $ | 7,764,977 | |
Multimedia Park Venture Capital | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 1,227,267 | | | | 2,330,945 | | | | 3,885,546 | |
Shanghai Jobwell Business Consulting Co., Ltd. | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 411,034 | | | | 1,050,258 | | | | 1,382,695 | |
Shanghai Wealove Wedding Service Co., Ltd. | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 372,488 | | | | 757,850 | | | | 1,122,945 | |
Shanghai Wealove Business Consulting Co., Ltd. | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | — | | | | — | | | | 671,488 | |
Shanghai Hetong Network Technology Co., Ltd. | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 361,371 | | | | 908,100 | | | | 982,527 | |
Shanghai Shengchu Advertising Agency Co., Ltd. | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | — | | | | 1,646,120 | | | | 3,230,040 | |
Beijing Sina Internet Information Services Co., Ltd. | | Charles Chao | | | — | | | | — | | | | 190,563 | |
Beijing Sohu New-age Information Technology Co., Ltd. | | Daqing Qi | | | — | | | | — | | | | 119,768 | |
Home-Inn Hotel Management (Beijing) Co., Ltd | | Neil Nanpeng Shen | | | — | | | | — | | | | 78,742 | |
Ctrip Travel Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | | Neil Nanpeng Shen | | | 48,287 | | | | 264,120 | | | | 178,933 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | $ | 3,722,778 | | | $ | 8,509,432 | | | $ | 19,608,224 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
For each of the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, office rentals were paid to Multimedia Park Venture Capital amounting to $140,305, $395,083 and $476,902, respectively.
In 2006, Everease charged the Group $47,804 for providing administration services.
In March 2006, Weiqiang Jiang, father of Jason Nanchun Jiang, provided a short-term loan to the Group of approximately $2.5 million to relieve a temporary shortage of Renminbi the Group experienced at that time. The loan was unsecured and was provided to us at no interest. At the end of June 2006, we paid $2.5 million to Everease and they remitted this fund to Weiqiang Jiang on our behalf to repay the loan outstanding.
Details of amounts due from related parties as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | December 31, | |
Name of related parties | | Note | | Director interested | | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Shanghai Everease Advertising & Communication Ltd. | | (a) | | Jason Nanchun Jiang | | $ | 1,259,138 | | | $ | 572,525 | | | $ | 6,331,549 | |
Multimedia Park Venture Capital | | (a) | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 690,212 | | | | 330,700 | | | | 12,705 | |
Shanghai Jobwell Business Consulting Ltd. | | (a) | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 275,971 | | | | 546,207 | | | | — | |
Shanghai Wealove Wedding Service Co., Ltd. | | (a) | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 251,556 | | | | 662,954 | | | | — | |
Shanghai Hetong Network Technology Co., Ltd. | | (a) | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 263,155 | | | | 533,469 | | | | — | |
Shanghai Shengchu Advertising Agency Co., Ltd. | | (a) | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | — | | | | — | | | | 403,889 | |
Home-Inn Hotel Management (Beijing) Co., Ltd | | (a) | | Neil Nanpeng Shen | | | — | | | | — | | | | 39,699 | |
David Yu | | (b) | | David Yu | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,064,947 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | $ | 2,740,032 | | | $ | 3,120,206 | | | $ | 7,852,789 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Details of amounts due to related parties as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | December 31, | |
Name of related parties | | Note | | | Director interested | | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
TanZhi | | (c) | | | TanZhi | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 345,768 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Note (a) — These amounts represent trade receivables for advertising services provided.
Note (b) — The amount represents a payment due from the ex-shareholder of Target Media for an indemnification of a contingent liability which arose after the acquisition. This amount was paid out in cash in 2007.
Note (c)—The amount represents the amount due to the president of Focus Media for operating funds of Framedia. The loan was non-interest bearing and was repayable within one year.
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The following is a summary of the material provisions of these agreements. For more complete information you should read these agreements in their entirety. Directions on how to obtain copies of these agreements are provided in this annual report under “Item 10.H Additional Information — Documents on Display” and “Item 19. Exhibits”.
Agreements among Us, Our Wholly Foreign-Owned Subsidiaries, Our PRC Operating Affiliates and Their Shareholders and Subsidiaries
We have entered into a series of contractual arrangements with our PRC operating affiliates and their respective shareholders and subsidiaries, including contracts relating to the provision of services and certain shareholder rights and corporate governance matters. Each of our contractual arrangements with our PRC operating affiliates and their respective shareholders and subsidiaries may only be amended with the approval of our audit committee or another independent body of our board of directors. In connection with our acquisition of Framedia, we entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Focus Media Advertisement’s subsidiaries relating to our poster frame network, Framedia Advertisement, New Structure Advertisement, and Guangdong Framedia, each of which is a subsidiary of Focus Media Advertisement, including contracts relating to the provision of services and certain shareholder rights and corporate governance matters. Each of our contractual arrangements with Framedia Advertisement, Guangdong Framedia, New Structure Advertisement and their shareholders may only be amended in writing by all of its parties unless the provisions being amended only involve certain parties’ interests in which case the amendment shall be made in writing by such parties. Each of Framedia Advertisement, Guangdong Framedia and New Structure Advertisement is 90%-owned by Focus Media Advertisement and 10%-owned by Focus Media Advertising Agency, respectively. In addition, with regard to Allyes, which we acquired in March 207, New Allyes Information has entered into a series of contractual arrangements with the Allyes operating affiliates and their shareholders, including contracts relating to the provision of services and certain shareholder rights and corporate governance matters. Each of the contractual arrangements with the Allyes operating affiliates and their shareholders may only be amended with the approval of our audit committee or another independent body of our board of directors.
Transfer of Ownership When Permitted By Law
Pursuant to call option agreements, including in certain cases subsequent participation letters by new subsidiaries of our PRC operating affiliates, by and among our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries, our PRC operating affiliates, and their respective shareholders and its subsidiaries, the two shareholders of each of our PRC operating affiliates, which shareholders are either (i) two PRC citizens designated by us or (ii) two PRC entities owned by our subsidiaries or by our designated appointees, has granted the relevant wholly foreign-owned subsidiary or its designee an exclusive option to purchase all or part of their equity interests in the relevant PRC operating affiliate, and its subsidiaries, or all or part of the assets of the relevant PRC operating affiliate, in each case, at any time determined by the relevant wholly foreign-owned subsidiary and to the extent permitted by PRC law. In some cases, pursuant to separate letters of,undertaking each such shareholder agrees to pay to the relevant wholly foreign-owned subsidiary or us any excess of the purchase price paid for the equity interests in, or assets of, the relevant PRC operating affiliate or its subsidiaries over the respective registered capital of such affiliate or its subsidiaries in the event that the wholly-foreign owned subsidiary or its designee exercises such option.
Voting Arrangements
Pursuant to voting rights proxy agreements and in certain cases subsequent participation letters by new subsidiaries of the PRC operating affiliates, by and among the wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries, the PRC operating affiliates and their subsidiaries, each of the respective shareholders of the PRC operating affiliates has granted a PRC individual designated by the wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries the right to appoint all of the directors and senior management of the PRC operating affiliates and those subsidiaries and all of their other voting rights as shareholders of the PRC operating affiliates and their subsidiaries, as the case may be, as provided under the articles of association of each such entity. Under the voting rights proxy agreement, there are no restrictions on the number, to the extent allowed under the respective articles of association of the PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries, or identity of those persons we can appoint as directors and officers.
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Equity Pledge Agreements
Pursuant to equity pledge agreements and, in certain instances, subsequent participation letters by new subsidiaries of the PRC operating affiliates, by and among the relevant wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries, the relevant PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries, each shareholder of the relevant PRC operating affiliates has pledged his or its equity interest in the relevant PRC operating affiliates and their subsidiaries, as the case may be, to certain of the wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries to secure their obligations under the relevant contractual control agreements to which each is a party, including but not limited to, the obligations of the relevant PRC operating affiliates and their respective subsidiaries under certain technical services agreements, trademark licence agreements and exclusive services agreements, as the case may be, and the obligation of each shareholder of the PRC operating affiliates under the respective loan agreements between the relevant shareholder and wholly foreign-owned subsidiary, for the sole purpose of increasing the registered capital of the PRC operating affiliates, as the case may be and acquiring certain of our regional distributors, respectively. See “— Loans to the Shareholders of the PRC Operating Affiliates”. Under these equity pledge agreements, each shareholder has agreed not to transfer, assign, pledge or otherwise dispose of their interest in the relevant PRC operating affiliate or its subsidiaries, as the case may be, without the prior written consent of the relevant wholly foreign-owned subsidiary.
Equity Trust Agreements
Pursuant to the equity trust agreement by and among Focus Media Advertisement and Focus Media Technology dated as of March 28, 2005, Focus Media Advertisement holds a 9% equity interest in Focus Media Digital in trust for the benefit of Focus Media Technology. Under the equity trust agreement, Focus Media Technology provides trust funds to Focus Media Advertisement to be used for the purchase of a 9% equity interest in Focus Media Digital and Focus Media Technology agrees to be the beneficiary of any profits or other benefit generated that is attributable to the management, use or disposal of the trust funds. Through these arrangements, we have enabled our indirect subsidiary, Focus Media Technology, to beneficially hold an additional 9% of the interest in Focus Media Digital in addition to the 90% equity interest it holds in its own name.
Trademark License Agreement
Pursuant to the trademark license agreement by and among Focus Media Technology, Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries dated as of March 28, 2005, Focus Media Technology has agreed to license the use of its trademarks to be registered in China to Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries in exchange for a monthly licensing fee of RMB10,000 ($1,247) for each affiliated company using such trademarks.
Cooperation Agreements
Pursuant to the cooperation agreements by and among New Focus Media Advertisement, Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries, dated as of May 22, 2006, New Focus Media Advertisement entrusted Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries to disseminate advertisements as required by New Focus Media Advertisement in all locations rented by Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries, and to sell advertising time slots for those locations, and each of Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries ensures the allocation of advertising time slots on its respective portion of the advertising network adequate for the dissemination of advertising content as agreed upon between New Focus Media Advertisement and its advertising clients. New Focus Media Advertisement pays a dissemination fee to Focus Media Advertisement and its relevant subsidiaries for dissemination services on a cost-plus basis.
Asset Transfer Agreement
Pursuant to the asset transfer agreement entered into by and between Focus Media Digital and New Focus Media Advertisement, dated as of December 31, 2005, Focus Media Digital transferred to New Focus Media Advertisement all of its assets relating to its out-of-home LCD television advertising business at fair market value.
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Technology Transfer Agreement
Pursuant to the technology and assets transfer agreement by and between Focus Media Digital and New Focus Media Advertisement, dated as of May 22, 2006, Focus Media Digital transferred to New Focus Media Advertisement all of its technology at a fixed fee.
Advertisement Dissemination Agreement
Pursuant to the advertisement dissemination agreement by and between New Focus Media Advertisement and Focus Media Advertising Agency, dated as of May 22, 2006, New Focus Media Advertisement agrees to disseminate advertisements for Focus Media Advertising Agency pursuant to the agreements by and among Focus Media Advertising Agency and its clients, and Focus Media Advertising Agency agrees to pay a dissemination fee to New Focus Media Advertisement for the dissemination services.
Exclusive Services Agreement
Pursuant to the exclusive services agreements by and among New Allyes Information, and certain of its PRC operating affiliates, New Allyes Information has agreed to provide exclusive services in respect of the business operations of Shanghai the relevant PRC operating affiliates and those operating affiliates have agreed to pay a service fee totaling equal to 100% of their tax excluded annual revenues to New Allyes Information.
Other Related Party Transactions
Shareholders Agreement
See Item 14.A—Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds for a description of our amended shareholders’ agreement.
Loans to Shareholders of Our PRC Operating Affiliates
Pursuant to loan agreements entered into by the relevant wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries and the shareholders of each of our PRC operating affiliates, respectively, the shareholders obtained a loan of the registered capital of the relevant PRC operating affiliate from the relevant wholly foreign-owned for the sole purpose of establishing or increasing, as the case may be, the registered capital of each such PRC operating affiliate. As of December 31, 2006, the full amounts of the loans to these shareholders remained outstanding. The relevant wholly foreign-owned subsidiary granted these loans without interest.
Loan from Relative of Jason Nanchun Jiang
In March 2006, Weiqiang Jiang, the father of Jason Nanchun Jiang, provided a short-term loan to us of RMB 20.0 million ($2.5 million) to relieve a temporary shortage of Renminbi we experienced at that time. The loan was unsecured and was provided to us at no interest. At the end of June 2006, we paid $2.5 million to Everease and they remitted this fund to Weiqiang Jiang on our behalf to repay the loan outstanding.
Transactions with Everease
Prior to establishing our business, Jason Nanchun Jiang, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, served as the legal representative and general manager of Everease from 2000 to 2004. From 2004 to March 2005, Ms. Shen Yacheng, the mother of Jason Jiang, served as legal representative of Everease. Everease and our company were considered to be under common control through March 2005 and all transaction we entered into with Everease were treated as related party transactions. Subsequent to Shen Yacheng’s resignation in March 2005, Jason’s father continued to serve as finance manager of Everease (effective from 1994) as a result of which he is able to exert a certain degree of influence over Everease. Therefore, Everease continues to be deemed a related party of Focus Media.
Everease Non-Competition Agreement
Pursuant to the Everease non-competition Agreement between Everease and us, dated as of November 2004, Everease, its affiliates, or its directors, officers or employees have agreed not to disclose any confidential information
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regarding Focus Media to any third-party without our written consent. In addition, for so long as Jason Nanchun Jiang continues to hold any equity interest in our company and for two years thereafter, none of Everease, its affiliates, or its directors, officers or employees may (i) engage in, or lend its name to, any business that competes with our business, (ii) deal in a competitive manner with any of our customers, (iii) solicit any of our directors, officers, employees or agents to become directors, officers, employees or agents of others entities, or (iv) engage in any business conducted under a name that is the same as, or similar to, ours or any trade name used by us where the use of such name is reasonably likely be confused for our name. Everease entered into the non-competition agreement in consideration of its business relationship with us at the time, which relationship was subsequently terminated, and received no cash or other monetary compensation.
Advertising Services Provided to Everease
We have provided our advertising services to Everease in the aggregate amounts of $1.3 million, $1.6 million and $7.7 million in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. These advertising services were provided in the ordinary course of business on terms substantially similar to those provided to our unrelated advertising clients on an arm’s-length basis.
Certain Services Provided by Everease
In 2006, Everease charged the Group $47,804 for providing administration services.
Transactions with Entities Affiliated with Jimmy Wei Yu
We have provided our advertising services to certain companies for which Jimmy Wei Yu, one of our directors, also serves as a director. The advertising service revenue for these services totalled in the aggregate $2.3 million, $6.7 million and $11.3 million in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. As of December 31, 2006, $0.4 million remained outstanding.
These advertising services were provided in the ordinary course of business on terms substantially similar to those provided to our unrelated advertising clients on an arm’s-length basis.
Transactions with Ctrip.com International
We have provided our advertising services to Ctrip.com International, Limited, which is affiliated with Neil Nanpeng Shen, one of our directors, in the aggregate amount of $48,287, $264,120 and $178,933 in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively, all of which has been paid as of December 31, 2006. These advertising services were provided in the ordinary course of business on terms substantially similar to those provided to our unrelated advertising clients on an arm’s-length basis.
Transactions with Home-Inn Hotel Management (Beijing) Co., Ltd
We have provided our advertising services to Home-Inn Hotel Management (Beijing) Co., Ltd, which is affiliated with Neil Nanpeng Shen, one of our directors, in the aggregate amount of $78,742 in 2006. Amounts due from Home-Inn Hotel Management (Beijing) Co., Ltd totaled $39,699 as of December 31, 2006. These advertising services were provided in the ordinary course of business on terms substantially similar to those provided to our unrelated advertising clients on an arm’s-length basis.
Transactions with Beijing Sina Internet Information Services Co., Ltd
We have provided our advertising services to Beijing Sina Internet Information Services Co., Ltd, which is affiliated with Charles Chao, one of our directors, in the aggregate amount of $190,563 in 2006, all of which has been paid as of December 31, 2006. These advertising services were provided in the ordinary course of business on terms substantially similar to those provided to our unrelated advertising clients on an arm’s-length basis.
Transactions with Beijing Sohu New-age Information Technology Co., Ltd
We have provided our advertising services to Beijing Sohu New-age Information Technology Co., Ltd, which is affiliated with Neil Nanpeng Shen, one of our directors, in the aggregate amount of $119,768 in 2006, all of
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which has been paid as of December 31, 2006. These advertising services were provided in the ordinary course of business on terms substantially similar to those provided to our unrelated advertising clients on an arm’s-length basis.
C. Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
Please refer to Item 18 for a list of our annual consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.
Legal Proceedings
On March 16, 2006, Shanghai Xicheng Cultural Dissemination Co., Ltd., also referred to as CGEN, brought a suit against us in Shanghai municipal court on the grounds of unfair competition. CGEN, which is developing a network of flat-panel displays in hypermarkets and supermarkets, claims to have established an exclusive business relationship with the Hymart chain of supermarkets in Shanghai. Hymart notified us that it had requested in writing to terminate its relationship with CGEN. In CGEN’s pleadings, it alleges that Focus Media encouraged and supported Hymart to allegedly violate its agreement with CGEN, resulting in losses to CGEN. In its pleadings, CGEN has requested that the court order Focus Media to cease any alleged unfair competitive behavior, to undo the effects of any alleged unfair competition and to pay RMB 13,570,920 (US$1.7 million) to CGEN. We believe that it is Hymart’s own decision to terminate the relationship with CGEN and choose us. On July 25, 2007, we received the civil judgment of first instance by the Shanghai No. 1 Intermediate People’s Court which issued a ruling dismissing the case. We intend to defend against CGEN's claims to the fullest extent of the law. However, there can be no assurance that we will prevail in any such litigation. We believe the outcome of this suit, even if adversely determined, will not have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations.
Except as disclosed above, we are not currently a party to any material legal proceeding. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business.
Dividend Policy
We have not previously declared any dividends. In 2004, we recorded deemed dividends of $8.3 million, $2.2 million and $13.4 million in connection with our Series A, Series B and Series C-1 and Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares, of which $4.9 million of the deemed dividend related to the difference between the fair value at that time of the Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares and ordinary shares in connection with a sale of 9,729,600 ordinary shares by Jason Nanchun Jiang, our chairman and CEO, to a third-party investor, which shares were redesignated as Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares. These deemed dividends were not cash dividends and upon conversion of our Series A, Series B and Series C-1 and Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares into ordinary shares, we are no longer required to record deemed dividends prospectively. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our ordinary shares, or indirectly on our ADSs, for the foreseeable future.
Future cash dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, shareholders’ interests, contractual restrictions and other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, we can pay dividends only out of our profits or other distributable reserves. Any dividend we declare will be paid to the holders of ADSs, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, less the fees and expenses payable under the deposit agreement. Other distributions, if any, will be paid by the depositary to holders of our ADSs in any means it deems legal, fair and practical. Any dividend will be distributed by the depositary, in the
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form of cash or additional ADSs, to the holders of our ADSs. Cash dividends on our ADSs, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.
B. Significant Changes
Since the date of the audited financial statements included as a part of this annual report, the following significant changes have occurred:
| • | | We signed a definitive term sheet to acquire 90% of Fengjing Advertisement Company (“Fengjing”) in July 2006 to further expand our outdoor LED network in Shanghai. During the fourth quarter of 2006, we completed the acquisition of Fengjing Advertisement. Upon the closing of this acquisition, we added an additional 96 4-ft by 6-ft outdoor LED digital billboards installed on street-sides in major commercial areas in Shanghai and have the right to operate these LED screens for at least 6 years. By the end of 2006, the number of the LED screens in our street-side outdoor LED network in prime commercial and shopping areas (iStreet Network) reached 226. |
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| • | | In January 2007, Focus Media and certain of its pre-IPO shareholders completed a secondary offering. In this offering, including the greenshoe exercised by the underwriters, Focus Media sold 1,500,000 ADSs of newly issued shares and its selling shareholders sold 6,154,055 ADSs to the public. |
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| • | | On March 31, 2007, we acquired Allyes Information Technology Company Limited which, as a result, has become a wholly-owned subsidiary. Allyes operates an advertising network that allows advertisers to pay by cost per action and directly links advertising cost with performance. |
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| • | | In May 2007, we announced the launch of our digital frames to upgrade our poster frame network. These digital frames use high-resolution LCD displays instead of paper posters. |
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| • | | In May 2007, we released our results of operations for the three month period ended March 31, 2007. These results are available on our Form 6-K which we filed on EDGAR on June 15, 2007. |
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| • | | In the three months ended June 30, 2007, we completed acquisitions of a total of eight companies, which primarily provide mobile handset advertising, Internet advertising and outdoor billboard advertising services. We paid an aggregate of approximately US$23.8 million to acquire these companies, including US16.3 million in prepayments, which will be deducted in some instances from possible earn-out payments contingent upon the achievement of certain earnings targets over the next one to three fiscal years of the relevant acquired entities. |
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| • | | On September 25, 2007, the Audit Committee completed its previously disclosed investigation into allegations made by U.S. Counsel to an investor described as holding a short position in our stock. The results of the investigation have been discussed with our independent Registered Public Accounting firm. Based upon its review of the evidence, the Audit Committee concluded that nothing had come to its attention - apart from the initial allegations that gave rise to the investigation - that would cause the Audit Committee to believe that we made undisclosed rebate payments to a third party advertising agency through another advertising agency, namely, Everease. We have informed the investigators that we have concluded that Everease is a related party based upon information developed during the investigation. Based upon its review of the evidence, the Audit Committee concurs with our conclusion that Everease should be deemed a related party. |
Please see the section titled “Material Contracts” of Item 10.C. “Additional information”.
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
A. Offer and Listing Details
Market Price Information for Our American Depositary Shares
Our ADSs have been listed on the NASDAQ Global Market since July 13, 2005. Our ADSs trade under the symbol “FMCN”. From July 13, 2005 until April 10, 2007, each of our ADSs represented ten of our ordinary shares. Starting April 11, 2007, we reduced this ratio to five-to-one. All ADS trading prices on the Nasdaq set forth in this annual report, including historical trading and closing prices, have been adjusted to reflect the new ADS-to-share ratio of five-to-one. For the period from July 1, 2006 to September 21, 2007 the closing price of our ADSs on Nasdaq has ranged from US$ 26.50 to US$ 51.32 per ADS. The following table provides the high and low trading prices for our ADSs on the NASDAQ Global Market for each month since July 2006 and all prices have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the change in ratio effective on April 12, 2007 for all periods presented.
| | | | | | | | |
| | SALE PRICE |
| | HIGH | | LOW |
MONTHLY HIGHS AND LOWS | | US$ | | US$ |
2006(from July 1) | | | | | | | | |
July | | | 33.72 | | | | 26.50 | |
August | | | 31.78 | | | | 27.70 | |
September | | | 31.00 | | | | 27.26 | |
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| | | | | | | | |
| | SALE PRICE |
| | HIGH | | LOW |
MONTHLY HIGHS AND LOWS | | US$ | | US$ |
October | | | 30.46 | | | | 26.05 | |
November | | | 36.44 | | | | 26.50 | |
December | | | 36.56 | | | | 33.02 | |
2007 | | | | | | | | |
January | | | 42.92 | | | | 33.50 | |
February | | | 44.25 | | | | 38.00 | |
March | | | 40.05 | | | | 35.63 | |
April | | | 41.26 | | | | 35.81 | |
May | | | 45.45 | | | | 35.23 | |
June | | | 52.09 | | | | 42.22 | |
July | | | 53.29 | | | | 39.25 | |
August | | | 43.00 | | | | 34.57 | |
September (through September 24) | | | 50.00 | | | | 40.05 | |
As of July 31, 2007, a total of 98,123,152 ADSs were outstanding. As of July 31, 2007, 490,615,760 shares were registered in the name of a nominee of Citibank, N.A., the depositary under the deposit agreement. We have no further information as to shares held, or beneficially owned, by U.S. persons.
B. Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C. Markets
Our ADSs, each representing five of our ordinary shares, have been trading on the NASDAQ Global Market since July 13, 2005 under the symbol “FMCN.”
D. Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.
E. Dilution
Not applicable.
F. Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A. Share Capital
Not applicable.
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
We incorporate by reference into this annual report the description of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association contained in our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-134714), as amended, first filed with the Commission on June 2, 2006.
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C. Material Contracts
We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business or other than those described below and elsewhere in this annual report.
Framedia
On January 1, 2006, we completed the acquisition of Infoachieve Limited, and its affiliate Framedia Advertisement by purchasing 100% of the shares of Infoachieve from Total Team, through which the former shareholders held their respective interests in Infoachieve. Framedia installs and deploys poster frames mainly inside elevators and throughout the public areas of residential complexes in major cities in China and sells frame space to advertising clients.
Share Purchase Agreement
On October 15, 2005, we entered into a share purchase agreement to acquire the business of Infoachieve, its subsidiary and affiliated PRC entities, by purchasing 100% of the shares in Infoachieve from Total Team. Infoachieve, Total Team and its shareholders are referred to as the seller parties below.
The following is a brief summary of material provisions of the share purchase agreement. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the share purchase agreement.
Structure. We acquired 100% of the shares of Infoachieve, which controls its affiliates Framedia Advertisement, New Structure Advertisement and Guangdong Framedia through contractual relationships with Framedia Advertisement, New Structure Advertisement and Guangdong Framedia and their shareholders. Under the share purchase agreement, we gain control of Framedia Advertisement, New Structure Advertisement and Guangdong Framedia by gaining the right (i) to appoint their equity holders and (ii) to take over the contractual arrangements among Infoachieve, Framedia Advertisement, New Structure Advertisement and Guangdong Framedia and their equity holders.
Purchase Price. On December 15, 2005, we paid the shareholders of Infoachieve $39.6 million in cash. At the closing on January 1, 2006, we also issued to the former shareholders of Infoachieve 19,306,840 of our ordinary shares. We also issued 2,850,163 of our ordinary shares to Total Team in consideration for their cancellation of the share option plan of Infoachieve prior to our acquisition of it. In March 2007, we issued an additional 35,830,619 of our ordinary shares, to Total Team as part of the purchase consideration. All shares issued to Total Team in connection with our acquisition of Framedia were valued at a fixed price of $2.456 per share and locked up for a specified period of time.
Representations and Warranties. In the share purchase agreement, the seller parties made customary representations and warranties to us, which representations and warranties survive for a period of two years following the closing date, and we made customary representations and warranties to the seller parties, which representations and warranties survive for a period of six months following the closing date.
Covenants. The share purchase agreement also includes customary covenants relating to, among other things, notification of certain matters, access to information, public announcements, non-competition of certain persons, treatment of related party accounts, agreement to pay back or cancel all outstanding loans of Framedia, and preparation of financial accounts.
Voting Rights. Under the terms of the share purchase agreement, after we issue shares to Total Team on behalf of the seller parties, each of the shareholders of Total Team is required to exercise their voting rights in Focus Media’s shares independently of each other and Total Team’s authorized representative is required to solicit a proxy statement from each shareholder indicating how the votes to which each shareholder is entitled should be voted. In the event a shareholder does not provide a proxy from a shareholder, the shareholder will be deemed to have abstained and Total Team will not be entitled to cast such votes.
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Indemnification. The seller parties have agreed to indemnify us for damages resulting from inaccuracies of their representations and warranties or failure to perform their obligations under the share purchase agreement. The seller parties’ indemnification obligation is limited to the total consideration we are to pay to them. If the seller parties indemnify us using our common shares, the value of such shares shall be the value of the shares when any indemnified losses become payable. If the seller parties’ lock-up agreements are still in effect at such time, they may dispose of only those shares that cover the amount of the indemnified losses.
We have agreed to indemnify the seller parties for damages resulting from inaccuracies of our representations and warranties or failure to perform our obligations under the share purchase agreement. Our indemnification obligation is limited to the total consideration (excluding any earnout payment) to be paid to the seller parties.
Control Over Framedia
We have entered into a series of agreements with Focus Media Advertisement, Focus Media Advertising Agency, Framedia Investment, Framedia Advertisement, Guangdong Framedia and its current shareholders and New Structure Advertisement that provide us with effective control over Framedia Advertisement, Guangdong Framedia and New Structure Advertisement while enabling the Framedia business to be consolidated with Infoachieve. See “Item 4.C Information on Our Company—Organization Structure— Our Corporate Structure and Contractual Arrangements” and “ Item 7.B Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions — Agreements Among Us, Our Wholly Foreign-Owned Subsidiaries, Our PRC Operating Affiliates and Their Shareholders”.
Target Media
On February 28, 2006, we acquired Target Media Holdings, its affiliated PRC entity Shanghai Target Media and its subsidiary Target Multi-Media, by purchasing 100% of the shares of Target Media Holdings from its shareholders. Target Media and several of its principal shareholders, including David Feng Yu, its chairman of the board of directors and SII International Holding Limited, are referred to as the seller parties. Collectively, Target Media’s shareholders, including The Carlyle Group, are referred to as the Target Media selling shareholders.
The following is a brief summary of material provisions of the share purchase agreement. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the share purchase agreement filed as an exhibit to our registration statement.
Purchase Price. We have agreed to pay the shareholders of Target Media US$94 million in cash, subject to a working capital adjustment, and 77 million of our ordinary shares. The cash portion of the purchase price will be paid in three installments. The first installment of $45 million was paid at closing on February 28, 2006. The second installment of $25 million was paid on April 28, 2006. The final installment of $24 million was paid on July 31, 2006.
Focus Media Options. We also granted options to purchase up to 3,000,000 of our ordinary shares to an agreed upon list of employees of Target Media who entered into new employment agreements with Focus Media.
Representations and Warranties. In the share purchase agreement, the seller parties made customary representations and warranties to us, which generally survive for a period of six months following the closing date. However, a number of specified representations and warranties survive for longer periods or indefinitely. In the definitive share purchase agreement, the Target Media selling shareholders also made customary representations and warranties to us, which generally survive for a period of six months following the closing date. However, a number of specified representations and warranties survive for longer periods or indefinitely. In the definitive share purchase agreement, we made customary representations and warranties to the Target Media selling shareholders, which generally survive for a period of six months following the closing date. However, a number of specified representations and warranties survive for longer periods or indefinitely.
Covenants. The definitive share purchase agreement includes customary covenants relating to, among other things, notification of certain matters, public announcements, non-competition of certain persons, treatment of related party accounts and preparation of financial accounts. The share purchase agreement also contains covenants requiring us to enter into employment agreements with key employees of Target Media.
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We agreed under the definitive share purchase agreement and the employment agreement with Mr. David Feng Yu to appoint him as co-chairman of the board of directors and president of Focus Media upon the completion of the acquisition. We also agreed to increase our board of directors from five to seven members at closing, and to assist in the nomination and appointment of David Feng Yu, the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Target Media, and a nominee of David Feng Yu to fill the additional seats at the first annual meeting of our shareholders following the closing. The director nominated by David Feng Yu will qualify as an independent director for the purpose of complying with NASDAQ listing standards and Sarbanes-Oxley Act requirements so that a majority of our board of directors continues to be independent. See “Item 6.A Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Directors and Senior Management”. We have also agreed to permit The Carlyle Group to appoint an observer to our board of directors for a limited period of time.
Indemnification. The seller parties have agreed to indemnify us for damages resulting from inaccuracies of their representations and warranties or failure to perform their obligations under the share purchase agreement; losses arising out of indebtedness of Target Media not reflected in its financial statements; losses arising out of or pursuant to terms of the contracts of Target Media that were not disclosed to us prior to the closing date due to their commercially sensitive nature and those terms are not in the ordinary course of business of Target Media; and certain tax liabilities.
Two Target Media selling shareholders that hold an approximately 49.7% equity interest in Target Media, or collectively, the Controlling Target Media Selling Shareholders, have agreed to indemnify us for damages resulting from inaccuracies of representations and warranties in relation to Target Media and the Controlling Target Media Selling Shareholders, respectively, or failure of Target Media or the Controlling Target Media Selling Shareholders to perform their respective obligations under the share purchase agreement. The Target Media selling shareholders other than the Controlling Target Media Selling Shareholders and The Carlyle Group, or collectively, the Non-Controlling Target Media Selling Shareholders, have agreed to indemnify us for damages resulting from inaccuracies of representations and warranties in relation to Target Media and the Non-Controlling Target Media Selling Shareholders, respectively, or failure of the Non-Controlling Target Media Selling Shareholders to perform their obligations under the share purchase agreement. The Carlyle Group has agreed to indemnify us for damages resulting from inaccuracies of representations and warranties in relation to The Carlyle Group, or failure of The Carlyle Group to perform its obligations under the share purchase agreement.
The indemnification obligations of all Target Media selling shareholders (excluding The Carlyle Group) are limited to US$80 million, provided that the Controlling Target Media Selling Shareholders shall be responsible for indemnifying us up to $325 million for additional losses arising out of several specified claims, including such contracts not disclosed to us prior to the closing of the acquisition, which contracts contain clauses that are out of ordinary course of Target Media’s business. The indemnification obligation of The Carlyle Group is limited to $16.3 million, except for a breach with respect to their ownership of the shares they are selling to us.
For so long as the shares received by Target Media selling shareholders in this acquisition are restricted from sales in the open market by either the lock-up, or securities laws, the Target Media selling shareholders have the right to settle any indemnification obligation by paying us in kind with our ordinary shares, valued at one-tenth of the closing price of our ADSs (each of which represents ten of our ordinary shares) on the business day prior to the payment of such shares.
We have agreed to indemnify the seller shareholders for damages resulting from inaccuracies of our representations and warranties or failure to perform our obligations under the share purchase agreement. Certain of our indemnification obligations are capped at $39 million, while several specified indemnification obligations of our company are capped at the total consideration to be paid to the selling shareholders.
Focus Media Wireless
In March 2006, Focus Media acquired Dotad Media Holdings Limited, or Dotad Holdings, and its wholly-owned PRC subsidiary Dotad Technology and their affiliated PRC operating company, now called Beijing Focus Media Wireless Co., Ltd., or Focus Media Wireless, which operate a WAP-based advertisement delivery platform in China through China Mobile and China Unicom’s mobile networks. Following our acquisition of Dotad Holdings, we rebranded the company under the brand name Focus Media Wireless.
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The following is a brief summary of material provisions of the share purchase agreement. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual Dotad Media Share Purchase Agreement.
Purchase Price. We agreed to pay the shareholder of Focus Media Wireless’s $15 million in cash and an amount up to $15 million in Focus Media ordinary shares, depending on Focus Media Wireless’s 2006 and 2007 audited annual net income. The cash portion of the purchase price was paid in two instalments. The first instalment of $3 million was paid on March 7, 2006. The second instalment of $12 million was paid on the closing date. In addition under the terms of the agreement, if Focus Media Wireless attains net income of at least $5 million and $8 million during the twelve month periods ended March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008, respectively, for each of these two net earnings attainments, we will issue 1,500,000 of our ordinary shares to the seller parties. If the income in 2006 does not meet the minimum level set by the agreement, then no shares will be paid and a calculation will be made for a return of some of the cash consideration already paid by us. If the income in 2007 does not meet the minimum level set by the agreement, no shares will be paid.
Representations and Warranties. In the share purchase agreement, the seller and the seller’s shareholder made customary representations and warranties to us, which survive for a period of two years following the closing date. In the share purchase agreement, we made customary representations and warranties to the seller, which survive for a period of six months following the closing date.
Covenants. The share purchase agreement includes customary covenants relating to, among other things, conducting of the business in the ordinary course prior to the closing date, establishment by the seller of a wholly-foreign owned enterprise in Beijing, notification of certain matters, confidentiality, public announcement, non-competition of certain persons and entities, treatment of management accounts and tax matters. The share purchase agreement also contains covenants requiring us to enter into employment agreements with Mr. Xu Maodong, the selling shareholder, and other key management personnel, to allow them to continue to run the group affiliate companies of Focus Media Wireless as an independent business unit of our company.
Indemnification. The seller has agreed to indemnify us for any and all losses. The seller’s liability for such losses shall not exceed $1 million, unless the losses were a result of gross negligence or wilful misconduct, in which case the damages shall not exceed the aggregate consideration of the share purchase agreement. The seller’s shareholder also has agreed to indemnify us for any and all losses arising out of a breach of any representation or warranty. The seller’s shareholder shall in no event be liable in an amount greater than $1 million. We have agreed to indemnify the seller shareholders for any and all losses. The amount that the seller may obtain from losses shall not exceed $1 million.
Focus Media Movie Theater Advertising network
In September 2006, we completed the acquisition of 70% of the equity interest in ACL, a British Virgin Islands company. ACL, through its affiliated PRC entity, leases screen time from movie theaters in cities in China, which it then sells as screen time slots to advertisers. Under its contracts with movie theaters, ACL has the right to three minutes of screen time prior to the screening of each movie shown in the theater. Under the terms of the share purchase agreement, we made an initial deposit payment of $2.8 million to the shareholders of ACL upon signing of the share purchase agreement in July 2006. We will pay the shareholders of ACL additional earn-out payments calculated according to their attainment of certain earnings targets in respect of each of the years ending August 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 and subject to the attainment of certain gross margin targets.
Allyes
In March 2007, we completed the acquisition of Allyes Information Technology Company Limited, and its wholly-owned PRC subsidiaries New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and their affiliated PRC operating companies. David Zhu, the founder, former chairman and chief executive officer of Allyes, signed an employment agreement with Focus Media and remains as the chief executive officer of Allyes.
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The following is a brief summary of material provisions of the share purchase agreement. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual Allyes Share Purchase Agreement.
Purchase Price. We agreed to pay the selling shareholders of Allyes $70 million in cash and 19,969,080 Focus Media ordinary shares. In addition, if Allyes’s audited annual net income for the twelve month period to end March 31, 2008 is greater than $9 million, we will issue our ordinary shares to the Allyes selling shareholders equal in value to 25 times the amount by which Allyes’s 2007 audited annual net income exceeds $9 million, up to a maximum amount not to exceed $75 million in our ordinary shares, based upon a fixed price per ordinary share of $7.762. Fifty percent of the ordinary shares received by the Allyes selling shareholders at the first closing are locked up for 180 days from March 28, 2007, with the remaining ordinary shares locked up until 365 days from March 28, 2007. The ordinary shares to be received in connection with the earn out, if any, will not be subject to any lock-up.
Representations and Warranties. In the share purchase agreement, the Allyes selling shareholders made customary representations and warranties to us, which generally survive for a period of fifteen months following the closing date. However, a number of specified representations and warranties survive for longer periods. We made customary representations and warranties to the Allyes selling shareholders, which survive for a period of one year following the closing date.
Covenants. The definitive share purchase agreement includes customary covenants relating to, among other things, the conducting of the business in the ordinary course prior to closing, notification of certain matters, confidentiality, non-compete agreements for key employees, treatment of related party accounts and preparation of financial statements.
Indemnification. The management shareholders have agreed to indemnify us for damages resulting from any breach of any representation or warranty, covenant or other agreement made by the management shareholders in the share purchase agreement, including but not limited to losses arising out of materially inaccurate disclosures made in Allyes’s financial statements; losses arising out of failure to report any material changes in Allyes or its affiliates; losses arising out of failure to adequately disclose terms of any material contracts of Allyes or its affiliates; and losses arising out of any tax or legal liabilities.
The non-management shareholders have also agreed to indemnify us for damages resulting from any breach of any representation or warranty, covenant or other agreement made by the non-management shareholders in the share purchase agreement.
The Allyes selling shareholders collectively shall not be liable to indemnify losses greater than the aggregate consideration of the share purchase agreement, and each selling shareholder is only liable up to the product of (x) the amount of his percentage equity interest in the company prior to the closing multiplied by (y) the aggregate consideration of the share purchase agreement. The Allyes selling shareholders are not obligated to indemnify our losses until and unless such losses exceed $1 million. If our losses exceed $1 million, the selling shareholders are liable for all amounts including the first $1 million. Management shareholders will be jointly and severally liable. Non-management shareholders will be severally but not jointly liable.
We have agreed to indemnify the selling shareholders for damages resulting from any breach of any representation or warranty, covenant or other agreement of ours in the share purchase agreement. Our indemnification obligations are capped at the aggregate consideration of the share purchase agreement.
Amounts of losses are subject to insurance recoveries and other mitigating circumstances. Indemnification payments may be made in-kind with Focus Media ordinary shares received under the share purchase agreement.
Under the terms of the transaction, we also granted certain registration rights to the former shareholders of Allyes. See “Item 14.A—Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds” elsewhere in this annual report.
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Control Over Allyes
New Allyes Technology, which is our wholly-owned indirect subsidiary, entered into a series of agreements with the Allyes operating affiliates and their current respective shareholders that provide us with effective control over the Allyes operating affiliates while enabling the Allyes business to be consolidated with Allyes Information Technology Company Limited, which is our wholly-owned direct subsidiary. See “Item 4.C Information on Our Company—Organization Structure— Our Corporate Structure and Contractual Arrangements” and “ Item 7.B Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions — Agreements Among Us, Our Wholly Foreign-Owned Subsidiaries, Our PRC Operating Affiliates and Their Shareholders”.
D. Exchange Controls
Our operating businesses are currently conducted in China and substantially all of our revenues and expenses are denominated in Renminbi. The People’s Bank of China, or PBOC, sets and publishes daily a base exchange rate with reference primarily to the supply and demand of Renminbi against a basket of currencies in the market during the prior day. The PBOC also takes into account other factors, such as the general conditions existing in the international foreign exchange markets. Since 1994, the conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including Hong Kong dollars and U.S. dollars, has been based on rates set by the PBOC, which are set daily based on the previous day’s inter-bank foreign exchange market rates and current exchange rates in the world financial markets. From 1994 to July 20, 2005, the official exchange rate for the conversion of Renminbi to U.S. dollars was generally stable. Although PRC governmental policies were introduced in 1996 to reduce restrictions on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currency for current account items, conversion of Renminbi into foreign exchange for capital items, such as foreign direct investment, loans or securities, requires the approval of the State Administration for Foreign Exchange and other relevant authorities. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government introduced a managed floating exchange rate system to allow the value of the Renminbi to fluctuate within a regulated band based on market supply and demand and by reference to a basket of currencies. On the same day, the value of the Renminbi appreciated by 2.0% against the U.S. dollar. Since then, the PRC government has made, and may in the future make, further adjustments to the exchange rate system. The PBOC announces the closing price of a foreign currency traded against the Renminbi in the inter-bank foreign exchange market after the closing of the market on each working day, and makes it the central parity for the trading against the Renminbi on the following working day.
In January and April 2005, the PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, issued two rules that require PRC residents to register with and receive approvals from SAFE in connection with their offshore investment activities. SAFE has announced that the purpose of these regulations is to achieve the proper balance of foreign exchange and the standardization of the cross-border flow of funds.
On October 21, 2005, SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fund-raising and Reverse Investment Activities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. Notice 75 replaced the two rules issued by SAFE in January and April 2005 mentioned above.
According to Notice 75:
| • | | prior to establishing or assuming control of an offshore company for the purpose of financing that offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise in the PRC, each PRC resident, whether a natural or legal person, must complete the overseas investment foreign exchange registration procedures with the relevant local SAFE branch; |
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| • | | an amendment to the registration with the local SAFE branch is required to be filed by any PRC resident that directly or indirectly holds interests in that offshore company upon either (1) the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise to the offshore company, or (2) the completion of any overseas fund raising by such offshore company; and |
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| • | | an amendment to the registration with the local SAFE branch is also required to be filed by such PRC resident when there is any material change involving a change in the capital of the offshore company, |
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| | | such as (1) an increase or decrease in its capital, (2) a transfer or swap of shares, (3) a merger or division, (4) a long term equity or debt investment, or (5) the creation of any security interests over the relevant assets located in China. |
Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshore companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to complete the relevant overseas investment foreign exchange registration procedures by March 31, 2006. Under the relevant rules, failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Notice 75 may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant onshore company, including the payment of dividends and other distributions to its offshore parent or affiliate and the capital inflow from the offshore entity, and may also subject relevant PRC residents to penalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations.
As a Cayman Islands company, and therefore a foreign entity, if Focus Media Holding purchases the assets or equity interest of a PRC company owned by PRC residents in exchange for our equity interests, such PRC residents will be subject to the registration procedures described in Notice 75. Moreover, PRC residents who are beneficial holders of our shares are required to register with SAFE in connection with their investment in us.
As a result of the lack of implementing rules and other uncertainties relating to the interpretation and implementation of Notice 75, we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or strategies. For example, our present or future PRC subsidiaries’ ability to conduct foreign exchange activities, such as remittance of dividends and foreign-currency- denominated borrowings, may be subject to compliance with such SAFE registration requirements by relevant PRC residents, over whom we have no control. In addition, we cannot assure you that any such PRC residents will be able to complete the necessary approval and registration procedures required by the SAFE regulations. We require all the shareholders in Focus Media Holding who are PRC residents to comply with any SAFE registration requirements, but we have no control over either our shareholders or the outcome of such registration procedures. Such uncertainties may restrict our ability to implement our acquisition strategy and adversely affect our business and prospects.
E. Taxation
Cayman Islands Taxation
The following discussion of the material Cayman Islands federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in our ADSs, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. To the extent that the discussion relates to matters of Cayman Islands tax law, it represents the opinion of Conyers Dill & Pearman, our special Cayman Islands counsel.
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty or withholding tax applicable to us or to any holder of ADS, or ordinary shares. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the Government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or after execution brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. No stamp duty is payable in the Cayman Islands on transfers of shares of Cayman Islands companies except those which hold interests in land in the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double taxation treaties. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
Pursuant to Section 6 of the Tax Concessions Law (1999 Revision) of the Cayman Islands, we have obtained an undertaking from the Governor-in-Council:
(1) that no law which is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax to be levied on profits or income or gains or appreciation shall apply to us or our operations; and
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(2) that the aforesaid tax or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax shall not be payable on the shares, debentures or other obligations of the Company.
The undertaking for us is for a period of twenty years from May 3, 2005.
United States Federal Income Taxation
The following discussion describes certain United States federal income tax consequences of the ownership of our ADSs as of the date hereof. Except where noted, it deals only with ADSs held as capital assets. This discussion does not represent a detailed description of the United States federal income tax consequences applicable to you if you are subject to special treatment under the United States federal income tax laws, including if you are:
| • | | a bank; |
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| • | | a dealer in securities or currencies; |
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| • | | a financial institution; |
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| • | | a regulated investment company; |
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| • | | a real estate investment trust; |
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| • | | an insurance company; |
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| • | | a tax-exempt organization; |
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| • | | a person holding our ADSs as part of a hedging, integrated or conversion transaction, a constructive sale or a straddle; |
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| • | | a trader in securities that has elected the mark-to-market method of accounting for your securities; |
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| • | | a person liable for alternative minimum tax; |
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| • | | a person who owns 10% or more of our voting stock; |
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| • | | a partnership or other pass through entity for United States federal income tax purposes; or |
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| • | | a person whose “functional currency” is not the United States dollar. |
Furthermore, the discussion below is based upon the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and regulations, rulings and judicial decisions thereunder as of the date hereof, and such authorities may be repealed, revoked or modified so as to result in United States federal income tax consequences different from those discussed below. In addition, this summary is based, in part, upon representations made by the depositary to us and assumes that the deposit agreement, and all other related agreements, will be performed in accordance with their terms.IF YOU ARE CONSIDERING THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP OR DISPOSITION OF OUR ADSS, YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES TO YOU IN LIGHT OF YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION AS WELL AS ANY CONSEQUENCES ARISING UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY OTHER TAXING JURISDICTION.
As used herein, the term “United States Holder” means a beneficial holder of an ADS that is:
| • | | an individual citizen or resident of the United States; |
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| • | | a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
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| • | | an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
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| • | | a trust which either (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable United States Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person. |
If a partnership holds ADSs, the tax treatment of a partner will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding our ADSs, you should consult your tax advisors.
ADSs
If you hold ADSs, for United States federal income tax purposes, you generally will be treated as the owner of the underlying Shares that are represented by such ADSs. Accordingly, deposits or withdrawals of Shares for ADSs will not be subject to United States federal income tax.
The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that intermediaries in the chain of ownership between the holder of an ADS and the issuer of the security underlying the ADS may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits for United States holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax, described below, applicable to dividends received by certain non-corporate holders. Accordingly, the analysis of the availability of the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain non-corporate holders below could be affected by actions taken by intermediaries in the chain of ownership between the holder of an ADS and our company.
Taxation of Dividends
Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Companies”, the gross amount of distributions on the ADSs will be taxable as dividends, to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under United States federal income tax principles. Such income will be includable in your gross income as ordinary income on the day actually or constructively received by the depositary. Such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations under the Code. With respect to non-corporate United States investors, certain dividends received before January 1, 2011 from a qualified foreign corporation may be subject to reduced rates of taxation. A foreign corporation is treated as a qualified foreign corporation with respect to dividends paid by that corporation on shares (or ADSs backed by such shares) that are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. United States Treasury Department guidance indicates that our ADSs, which are listed on the NASDAQ Global Market, are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Non-corporate holders that do not meet a minimum holding period requirement during which they are not protected from the risk of loss or that elect to treat the dividend income as “investment income” pursuant to section 163(d)(4) of the Code will not be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation regardless of our status as a qualified foreign corporation. In addition, the rate reduction will not apply to dividends if the recipient of a dividend is obligated to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. This disallowance applies even if the minimum holding period has been met. You should consult your own tax advisors regarding the application of this legislation to your particular circumstances.
To the extent that the amount of any distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits for a taxable year, as determined under United States federal income tax principles, the distribution will first be treated as a tax-free return of capital, causing a reduction in the adjusted basis of the ADSs (thereby increasing the amount of gain, or decreasing the amount of loss, to be recognized by you on a subsequent disposition of the ADSs), and the balance in excess of adjusted basis will be taxed as capital gain recognized on a sale or exchange.
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Passive Foreign Investment Companies
We operate an active advertising business in China and based on the past and projected composition of our income and valuation of our assets, including goodwill, we believe we were not a passive foreign investment company for 2006, we do not expect to be a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”), for 2007, and we do not expect to become one in the future, although there can be no assurance in this regard. Because PFIC status is a factual determination, our United States counsel expresses no opinion with respect to our PFIC status and also expresses no opinion with respect to our expectations contained in this paragraph.
We will be a PFIC for any taxable year in which:
| • | | at least 75% of our gross income is passive income, or |
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| • | | at least 50% of the value (determined on a quarterly basis) of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. |
For this purpose, passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties and rents (other than royalties and rents derived in the active conduct of a trade or business and not derived from a related person). If we own at least 25% (by value) of the stock of another corporation, we will be treated, for purposes of the PFIC tests, as owning our proportionate share of the other corporation’s assets and receiving our proportionate share of the other corporation’s income.
The determination of whether we are a PFIC is made annually for each taxable year of the Company. Accordingly, it is possible that we may become a PFIC in the current or any future taxable year due to changes in our asset or income composition. We could become a PFIC, for example though a decrease in the price of our shares (resulting in a decrease in the value of our goodwill, an active asset). If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our ADSs, you will be subject to special tax rules discussed below.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our ADSs, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” received and any gain realized from a sale or other disposition, including a pledge, of ADSs. Distributions received in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the ADSs will be treated as excess distributions. Under these special tax rules:
| • | | the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the ADSs, |
|
| • | | the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and |
|
| • | | the amount allocated to each other year will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and the interest charge applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year. |
In addition, non-corporate United States Holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividends received from us prior to January 1, 2011, if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year. You will be required to file Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 if you hold our ADSs in any year in which we are classified as a PFIC.
In certain circumstances, in lieu of being subject to the excess distribution rules discussed above, you may make an election to include gain on the stock of a PFIC as ordinary income under a mark-to-market method provided that such stock is regularly traded on a qualified exchange. Under current law, the mark-to-market election may be available because the ADSs are listed on the NASDAQ Global Market, which constitutes a qualified exchange as designated in the Internal Revenue Code, although there can be no assurance that the ADSs will be “regularly traded”.
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If you make an effective mark-to-market election, you will include in each year as ordinary income the excess of the fair market value of your ADSs at the end of the year over your adjusted tax basis in the ADSs. You will be entitled to deduct as an ordinary loss each year the excess of your adjusted tax basis in the ADSs over their fair market value at the end of the year, but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election.
Your adjusted tax basis in the ADSs will be increased by the amount of any income inclusion and decreased by the amount of any deductions under the mark-to-market rules. If you make a mark-to-market election it will be effective for the taxable year for which the election is made and all subsequent taxable years unless the ADSs are no longer regularly traded on a qualified exchange or the Internal Revenue Service consents to the revocation of the election. You are urged to consult your tax advisor about the availability of the mark-to-market election, and whether making the election would be advisable in your particular circumstances.
Alternatively, you can sometimes avoid the rules described above by electing to treat us as a “qualified electing fund” under section 1295 of the Code. This option is not available to you because we do not intend to comply with the requirements necessary to permit you to make this election.
You are urged to consult your tax advisors concerning the United States federal income tax consequences of holding ADSs if we are considered a PFIC in any taxable year.
Taxation of Capital Gains
Subject to the discussion above under “Passive Foreign Investment Companies”, for United States federal income tax purposes, you will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale or exchange of ADSs in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized for the ADSs and your tax basis in the ADSs. Such gain or loss will generally be capital gain or loss. Capital gains of individuals derived with respect to capital assets held for more than one year are eligible for reduced rates of taxation. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any gain or loss recognized by you will generally be treated as United States source gain or loss.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Information reporting will apply to dividends in respect of our ADSs and the proceeds from the sale, exchange or redemption of our ADSs that are paid to you within the United States (and in certain cases, outside the United States), unless you are an exempt recipient such as a corporation. A backup withholding tax may apply to such payments if you fail to provide a taxpayer identification number or certification of other exempt status or fail to report in full dividend and interest income.
Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or a credit against your United States federal income tax liability provided the required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.
PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROM PURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF ADSs, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCAL OR FOREIGN JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS.
F. Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
G. Statement by Experts
Not applicable.
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H. Documents on Display
We have filed this annual report on Form 20-F, including exhibits, with the SEC. As allowed by the SEC, in Item 19 of this annual report, we incorporate by reference certain information we filed with the SEC. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this annual report.
We have previously filed with the Commission our registration statements on Form F-1 and F-3ASR and prospectuses and prospectus supplements under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to our ADSs.
The SEC also maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website ishttp://www.sec.gov . The information on that website is not a part of this annual report.
We will furnish to Citibank, N.A., as depositary of our ADSs, our annual reports. When the depositary receives these reports, it will upon our request promptly provide them to all holders of record of ADSs. We will also furnish the depositary with all notices of shareholders’ meetings and other reports and communications in English that we make available to our shareholders. The depositary will make these notices, reports and communications available to holders of ADSs and will upon our request mail to all holders of record of ADSs the information contained in any notice of a shareholders’ meeting it receives.
We are subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we are required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders under the federal proxy rules contained in Sections 14(a), (b) and (c) of the Exchange Act, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. The registration statements, reports and other information so filed can be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of these documents upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms.
I. Subsidiary Information
Not applicable.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest income generated by excess cash, which is mostly held in interest-bearing bank deposits. We have not used derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. We have not been exposed nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in market interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short of expectations due to changes in market interest rates.
Foreign Currency Risk
Substantially all our revenues and expenses are denominated in Renminbi. We have not had any material foreign exchange gains or losses. Although in general, our exposure to foreign exchange risks should be limited, the value of your investment in our ADSs will be affected by the foreign exchange rate between U.S. dollars relative to the Renminbi because the value of our business is effectively denominated in Renminbi, while the ADSs will be traded in U.S. dollars. Furthermore, a decline in the value of the Renminbi could reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent of the value of the earnings from, and our investments in, our subsidiaries and PRC-incorporated affiliates in China. In addition, appreciation or depreciation in the value of the Renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our reported financial
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results in U.S. dollar terms. See “Item 3.B. — Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the People’s Republic of China — Fluctuations in exchange rates could result in foreign currency exchange losses”.
Inflation
In recent years, China has not experienced significant inflation, and thus inflation has not had a significant effect on our business historically. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the Consumer Price Index in China was (0.8)%, 1.2%, 3.9% ,1.8% and 1.5% in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
Not applicable.
PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
None of these events occurred in any of fiscal 2004, 2005 and 2006.
| | |
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS |
A. Modifications of Rights
Upon the closing of our acquisition of Target Media, we amended our shareholder’s agreement to grant the former shareholders of Target Media registration rights with regard to the Focus Media ordinary shares we issued to such former Target Media shareholders. Such shareholders are now entitled to demand registration rights and piggyback registration rights under our amended and restated shareholders agreement. At any time after six months following the closing of our initial public offering,
| • | | any of our shareholders representing a majority of the ordinary shares converted from the Series A convertible redeemable preference shares; |
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| • | | any of our shareholders representing a majority of the ordinary shares converted from the Series B convertible redeemable preference shares; |
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| • | | any of our shareholders representing 20% of the ordinary shares converted from the Series C convertible redeemable preference shares; and |
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| • | | since the closing of our acquisition of Target Media, any of the former Target Media shareholders representing 25% of the ordinary shares issued to them as a group as consideration in connection with our acquisition of Target Media; |
may require us to effect the registration, on a form other than Form F-3, of at least 25% of the registrable securities then outstanding. We are not obligated to take any action to effect any such registration on more than two occasions each on behalf of each group of shareholders described above or more than once in any six month period or within six months of any other public offering we conduct in which they had the opportunity to participate without the exclusion of any shares eligible for registration under the shareholders agreement.
In addition, holders of any of our registrable securities may require us to effect a registration statement on Form F-3 (or any successor form or any comparable form for a registration in a jurisdiction other than the United States) for a public offering of registrable securities so long as the reasonably anticipated aggregate price to the public (net of selling expenses) would be at least $1,000,000 and we are entitled to use Form F-3 (or a comparable form) for such offering. Holders of registrable securities may demand a registration on Form F-3 on unlimited occasions,
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although we are not obligated to effect more than once in any six month period if within six months of any other public offering we conduct in which they had the opportunity to participate without the exclusion of any shares eligible for registration under the shareholders agreement.
Upon the closing of our acquisition of Allyes, we granted the former shareholders of Allyes registration rights with regard to the Focus Media ordinary shares we issued to them.Under the terms of our agreement with the former Allyes shareholder:
| • | | prior to September 18, 2009 or prior to the time when the shares proposed to be sold by the former Allyes shareholders may be sold in a 90-day period under Rule 144, any former Allyes shareholders holding 3 million of our ordinary shares may request that we effect the registration of the ordinary shares held by them using our existing registration statement on Form F-3ASR, provided that if the offering is part of an underwritten offering, the expected proceeds from such an offering would not be less than US$40 million; we are obligated to effect up to three such registrations; and |
|
| • | | certain of the former Allyes shareholders, on a date at least 150 days and no more than 330 days following March 28, 2007, may request that we effect the registration of the ordinary shares held by them using our existing registration statement on Form F-3ASR; we are obligated to effect only one such registration. |
We are not obligated to take any action to effect any such registration more than once in any six month period or within six months of any other public offering we conduct in which they had the opportunity to participate without the exclusion of any shares eligible for registration under the shareholders agreement.
On April 11, 2007, we effected a change of the ratio of our ADSs to ordinary shares from one (1) ADS representing ten (1) ordinary shares to one (1) ADS representing five (5) ordinary shares.
B. Use of Proceeds
The following “Use of Proceeds” information relates to
| • | | the registration statements on Form F-1 (File No. 333-131065), or the follow-on registration statement, and on Form F-1MEF (File No. 333-131312 (the “462(b) Registration Statement”) for our follow-on public offering of 1,500,000 ADSs, for an aggregate offering price of $65,250,000, which follow-on registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on January 26, 2006 and which 462(b) registration statement was effective upon filing on January 27, 2006 and each of which was terminated after all of the registered securities were sold; |
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| • | | the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-134714), or the second follow-on registration statement, and on Form F-1MEF (File No. 333-135062), or the second 462(b) registration statement, for our second follow-on offering of 1,600,000 ADSs, for an aggregate offering price of $86,400,000, which second follow-on registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on June 15, 2006 and which second 462(b) registration statement was effective on filing on June 16, 2006, and each of which was terminated after all of the securities were sold; and |
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| • | | the registration statement on Form F-3ASR (File No. 333-137404), dated September 18, 2006, or the shelf registration statement, which we used for a follow-on offering, or the January 2007 follow-on public offering) conducted on January 25, 2007, which shelf registration statement automatically became effective with respect to the January 2007 follow-on offering. |
None of the transaction expenses for either offering included payments to directors or officers of our company or their associates, persons owning more than 10% or more of our equity securities or our affiliates.
We used the net proceeds received from our initial public offering as follows: approximately $63.1 million for acquisitions, approximately $19 million for capital expenditures in connection with the expansion of our
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commercial location and in-store networks, approximately $35 million was invested in available-for-sale government securities, approximately $1.1 million for expenses incurred in connection with strengthening internal controls and with being a public company, as well as for general corporate purposes. As of May 30, 2006, all of the net offering proceeds from our initial public offering had been applied.
Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C., Credit Suisse, CIBC World Markets and Piper Jaffray were the underwriters for our initial public offering. As of December 31, 2005, all of the net offering proceeds from our initial public offering had been applied.
We used the net proceeds received from our follow-on public offering as follows: approximately $58.8 million for acquisitions, approximately $3.0 million for capital expenditures in connection with the expansion of our commercial location and in-store networks, As of May 30, 2006, all of the proceeds of our first follow-on offering had been applied.
Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C., Credit Suisse, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Morgan Stanley and Piper Jaffray were the underwriters for our first follow-on public offering.
We used the net proceeds received from our second follow-on public offering as follows: approximately $24.0 million for the final cash installment in connection with our acquisition of Target Media, approximately $20.0 million for capital expenditures in connection with the expansion of our out-of-home television networks, and the remainder for general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2006, all of the proceeds of our second follow-on offering had been applied.
Credit Suisse, Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., Lehman Brothers Inc. and Piper Jaffray were the underwriters for our second follow-on public offering.
We used the net proceeds received from our January 2007 follow-on public offering as follows: approximately $100 million for acquisitions, capital expenditures in connection with the expansion of our networks, and for general corporate purposes.
Credit Suisse, Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, and Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. were the underwriters for our January 2007 follow-on public offering.
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As of the end of the period covered by this annual report, an evaluation has been carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rules 13a-14(c) and 15d-14(c) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed in this annual report is recorded, processed, summarized and reported to them for assessment, and required disclosure is made within the time period specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act for our company. Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of a company’s assets, (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that a company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of a company’s management and directors, and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of a company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to consolidated financial statement preparation and presentation and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.
As required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related rules as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, our management assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework.
Based on the assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2006, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on the COSO criteria.
Because Infoachieve Limited, Dotad Holdings Limited, DongGuan Advertisement & Communications Co., Ltd., Appreciate Capital Ltd., Bestwin Partners Limited and Glomedia Holdings Limited were acquired on January 1, March 20, April 8, September 1, October 1 and December 1, 2006 respectively, they have been excluded from both our management’s assessment and auditors’ attestation for the internal control over financial reporting for the year ended December 31, 2006. These companies’ aggregated financial statements constitute 4.6 percent and 4.0 percent of net and total assets, respectively, 25.2 percent of revenues, and 31.4 percent of net income of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Our management’s assessment, as well as the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, has been audited by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd., an independent registered public accounting firm, who has also audited our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd. has issued an attestation report, as stated in their report (See F-2) on management’s assessment and the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting under Auditing Standards No. 2 of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
Changes In Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2006 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
Our Board of Directors has determined that Neil Nanpeng Shen and Charles Chao qualify as audit committee financial experts as defined in Item 16A of the instruction to Form 20-F.
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ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS
Our board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics on April 16, 2005, which is applicable to our directors, officers and employees. Our code of business conduct and ethics is publicly available on our website at: http://nocache.corporate-ir.net/media_files/irol/19/190067/corp_gov/Conduct_and_Ethics.pdf.
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd., our independent registered public accounting firm, for the years indicated.
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Audit Fees (1) | | $ | 711 | | | $ | 1,184 | |
Audit-related Fees (2) | | | — | | | | — | |
Tax Fees (3) | | | 46 | | | | 83 | |
All Other Fees (4) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 757 | | | $ | 1,267 | |
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(1) | | Audit fees consist of fees associated with the annual audit, the reviews of our quarterly financial statements and statutory audits required internationally. They also include fees billed for those services that are normally provided by the independent accountants in connection with statutory and regulatory filings. |
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(2) | | Audit-related fees consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements but not described in footnote (1) above. These services include consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards and review of capitalization of retained earnings, financial covenants in loan agreements, and our affiliates’ financial information. |
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(3) | | Tax fees include fees billed for professional services rendered by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd., primarily in connection with our tax compliance activities. |
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(4) | | All other fees comprise fees for all other services provided by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd., other than those services covered in footnotes (1) to (3) above. |
Prior to forming an audit committee, our board of directors is responsible for the oversight of our independent registered public accounting firm. The policy of our board of directors is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd., including audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services, as described above.
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
None.
ITEM 16E. PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
None.
PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Registrant has elected to provide the financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.
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ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following is a list of the audited financial statements and report of independent registered public accounting firm included in this annual report beginning on page F-1.
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ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
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Exhibit | | |
Number | | Description of Exhibits |
3.1 * | | Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of Focus Media Holding Limited. |
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4.1 * | | Specimen Ordinary Share Certificate. |
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4.2 * | | Amended and Restated Shareholders Agreement of Focus Media Holding Limited, dated December 2, 2004, among Focus Media Holding Limited, its subsidiaries, its ordinary shareholders, its preferred shareholders and the investors named therein. |
| | | | |
4.3 * | | Deposit Agreement dated July 18, 2005 among the Registrant, Citibank, N.A. and holders of the American Depositary Receipts (incorporated by reference to the registration statement on Form F-6 (File No. 333-126011) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to American Depositary Shares representing ordinary shares). |
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4.4 * | | Form of Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement dated April 9, 2007, among the Registrant, Citibank, N.A. and holders of the American Depositary Receipts (incorporated by reference to the registration statement on Form F-6 (File No. 333-141820) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to American Depositary Shares representing ordinary shares). |
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5.1 * | | Form of opinion of Conyers Dill & Pearman, Cayman Islands special counsel to the registrant, regarding the validity of the ordinary shares being registered. |
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5.2 * | | Form of opinion of Global Law Office, counsel as to PRC law to the registrant, regarding the validity of (i) the corporate structure of Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and contractual arrangements among Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries, Jason Nanchun Jiang and Jimmy Wei Yu, (ii) the corporate structure of Framedia Investment and Shanghai Framedia Advertisement Development Co., Ltd. and contractual arrangements among Framedia Investment and Shanghai Framedia Advertisement Development Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries, Jason Nanchun Jiang and Jimmy Wei Yu and (iii) the corporate structure of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., Shanghai Focus Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd., Beijing Dotad Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Focus Media Wireless Technology Co., Ltd., Jason Nanchun Jiang and Jimmy Wei Yu. |
| | | | |
8.1 * | | Form of opinion of Conyers Dill & Pearman, special Cayman Islands tax counsel to the registrant, regarding tax matters. |
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10.1 * | | Rules of the 2003 Employee Share Option Scheme and form of grant letter. |
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10.2 * | | Technology License and Service Agreement, dated March 28, 2005, by and among Focus Media Digital Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Focus Media Advertisements Co., Ltd. and the subsidiaries of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
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10.3 * | | Business Cooperation Agreement, dated March 28, 2005, by and among Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., Shanghai Focus Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd. and the subsidiaries of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
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10.4 * | | Equity Pledge Agreement, dated March 28, 2005, by and among Jason Nanchun Jiang, Jimmy Wei Yu, Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Focus Media Digital Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and the subsidiaries of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
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| | | | |
Exhibit | | |
Number | | Description of Exhibits |
10.5 * | | Call Option Agreement, dated March 28, 2005, among Jason Nanchun Jiang, Jimmy Wei Yu, Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
10.6 * | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated March 28, 2005, among Jason Nanchun Jiang, Jimmy Wei Yu, Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and the subsidiaries of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
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10.7 * | | Trust Agreement, dated March 28, 2005, by and between Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. |
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10.8 * | | Trademark License Agreement, dated March 28, 2005, by and among Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries. |
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10.9 * | | Loan Agreement, dated June 10, 2003, among Focus Media Holding Limited, Jason Nanchun Jiang, Jimmy Wei Yu, Yuanzhe Fu, Yibing Zhou and Yiqing Hou. |
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10.10 * | | Loan Agreement, dated March 28, 2005, by and between Jason Nanchun Jiang and Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. |
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10.11 * | | Loan Agreement, dated March 28, 2005, by and among Jimmy Wei Yu, Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
10.12 * | | Form of Employment Agreement of Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
10.13 * | | Manager Non-Competition Agreement entered into by Focus Media Holding Limited and Jason Nanchun Jiang on November 29, 2004. |
| | | | |
10.14 * | | Technology Transfer Agreement entered into by Jimmy Wei Yu and Focus Media Digital Information (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., dated November 1, 2004. |
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10.15 * | | Asset and Business Acquisition Agreement between Shanghai Everease Communication Company and Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. dated July 1, 2003. |
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10.16 * | | Everease Non-competition Agreement between Focus Media Holding Limited and Shanghai Everease Communication Company, dated as of November 2004. |
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10.17 * | | Sales Contract between Shanghai Everease Communication Company and Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., dated May 2003. |
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10.18 * | | Project Cooperation Framework Agreement between Shanghai Everease Communication Company and Beijing Suodi Advertising Co., Ltd., dated February, April and June 2003. |
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10.19 * | | Transfer Agreement on Project Cooperation Framework Agreement between Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Beijing Suodi Advertising Co., Ltd., dated August 28, 2003. |
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10.20 * | | Business Agency Agreement between Shanghai On-Target Advertising Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
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10.21 * | | Agreement between Shanghai On-Target Advertising Co., Ltd., Jimmy Wei Yu, Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., Union Enterprise Holding Co., Ltd. and Shenlong Lin, dated October 15, 2003. |
| | | | |
10.22 * | | Acknowledgement Letter entered into as of March 28, 2005 by and among Shanghai Focus Media |
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| | | | |
Exhibit | | |
Number | | Description of Exhibits |
| | | | Advertisement Co., Ltd., Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Focus Media Digital Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and subsidiaries of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.23 * | | | Share Option Plan 2005. |
| | | | |
10.24 * | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Fuzhou Fukesi Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.25 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Hefei Fukesi Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.26 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Co., Ltd. and Hefei Fukesi Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.27 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Shenyang Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.28 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Bianjie Building Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.29 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Bianjie Building Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.30 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Fuzhou Fukesi Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.31 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Hefei Fukesi Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.32 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Co., Ltd. and Hefei Fukesi Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.33 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Shenyang Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.34 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Bianjie Building Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.35 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Bianjie Building Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.36 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Fuzhou Fukesi Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.37 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Hefei Fukesi Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.38 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Co., Ltd. and Hefei Fukesi Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
113
| | | | |
Exhibit | | |
Number | | Description of Exhibits |
| 10.39 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Shenyang Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.40 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Bianjie Building Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.41 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter for Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, of Shanghai Focus Media Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Bianjie Building Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.42 * | | | Equity Pledge Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, by and among Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., Shanghai Focus Media Co., Ltd., Shanghai Framedia Investment Consultancy Co., Ltd. and the Local Advertisement Companies named therein. |
| | | | |
| 10.43 * | | | Call Option Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, by and among Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., Shanghai Focus Media Co., Ltd., Shanghai Framedia Investment Consultancy Co., Ltd. and the Local Advertisement Companies named therein. |
| | | | |
| 10.44 * | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, by and among Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., Shanghai Focus Media Co., Ltd., Shanghai Framedia Investment Consultancy Co., Ltd. and the Local Advertisement Companies named therein. |
| | | | |
| 10.45 * | | | Equity Pledge Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, by and among Lei Liu, Yong Shi, Shanghai Framedia Investment Consultancy Co., Ltd. and Guangdong Century Shenghuo Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.46 * | | | Call Option Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, by and among Lei Liu, Yong Shi, Shanghai Framedia Investment Consultancy Co., Ltd. and Guangdong Century Shenghuo Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.47 * | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated January 13, 2006, by and among Lei Liu, Yong Shi, Shanghai Framedia Investment Consultancy Co., Ltd. and Guangdong Century Shenghuo Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.48 * | | | Share Purchase Agreement, dated October 15, 2005, as amended and supplemented, among Focus Media Holding Limited, Infoachieve Limited, Total Team Investments Limited and the other Infoachieve parties named therein. |
| | | | |
10.49 * | | Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 7, 2006, among Focus Media Holding Limited, Target Media Holdings Limited and Its Shareholders. |
| | | | |
| 10.50 * | | | Asset Transfer Agreement, dated December 31, 2005, by and between Focus Media Digital Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai New Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.51 * | | | Share Purchase Agreement, dated March 7, 2006, by and among Focus Media Holding Limited and Dotad Wireless Holdings Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.52 * | | | Equity Pledge Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, by and among Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., Shanghai Focus Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd., Beijing Dotad Technology Co., Ltd and Beijing Focus Media Wireless Co., Ltd. |
114
| | | | |
Exhibit | | |
Number | | Description of Exhibits |
| 10.53 * | | | Call Option Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, by and among Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., Shanghai Focus Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd., Beijing Dotad Technology Co., Ltd and Beijing Focus Media Wireless Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
10.54 * | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, by and among Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., Shanghai Focus Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd., Beijing Dotad Technology Co., Ltd and Beijing Focus Media Wireless Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.55 * | | | Equity Pledge Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, by and among Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., Shanghai Focus Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd., Shanghai Framedia Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. and Guandong Shiji Shenghuo Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.56 * | | | Call Option Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, by and among Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., Shanghai Focus Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd., Shanghai Framedia Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. and Guandong Shiji Shenghuo Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.57 * | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, by and among Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd., Shanghai Focus Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd., Shanghai Framedia Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. and Guandong Shiji Shenghuo Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.58 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai New Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.59 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai New Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.60 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai New Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.61 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai New Focus Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.62 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai New Focus Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.63 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai New Focus Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
10.64 * | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai Target Media Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.65 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai Target Media Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.66 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai Target Media Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.67 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Dongguan Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.68 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Dongguan Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.69 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Dongguan Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
115
| | | | |
Exhibit | | |
Number | | Description of Exhibits |
10.70 * | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Fuzhou Fukesi Advertising Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.71 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Fuzhou Fukesi Advertising Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.72 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Fuzhou Fukesi Advertising Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.73 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Hefei Fukesi Advertising Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.74 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Hefei Fukesi Advertising Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.75 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Hefei Fukesi Advertising Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.76 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai On-Target Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.77 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai On-Target Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.78 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai On-Target Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.79 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai Jiefang Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.80 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai Jiefang Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.81 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai Jiefang Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.82 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai Perfect Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.83 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai Perfect Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.84 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shanghai Perfect Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.85 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shenzhen E-Time Commercial Consulting Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.86 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shenzhen E-Time Commercial Consulting Co., Ltd. |
|
| 10.87 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shenzhen E-Time Commercial Consulting Co., Ltd. |
116
| | | | |
Exhibit | | |
Number | | Description of Exhibits |
| 10.88 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shenzhen Bianjie Building Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.89 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shenzhen Bianjie Building Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.90 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shenzhen Bianjie Building Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.91 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Equity Pledge Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shenyang Focus Media Advertising Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.92 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Call Option Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shenyang Focus Media Advertising Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.93 * | | | Acknowledgement Letter of Participation of Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, of Shenyang Focus Media Advertising Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.94 * | | | Cooperation Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, by and among Shanghai Focus Media Advertisement Co. Ltd. and its local advertising subsidiaries named therein and Shanghai New Focus Media Advertisement Co. Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.95 * | | | Technology Transfer Agreement, dated as of May 22, 2006, by and between Focus Media Digital Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai New Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.96 * | | | Advertisement Dissemination Agreement, dated May 22, 2006, by and between Shanghai Focus Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd. and Shanghai New Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.97 | | | 2006 Share Option Plan, dated August 22, 2006, of Focus Media Holding Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.98 | | | Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 28, 2007, among Allyes Information Technology Company Limited, the selling shareholders named therein and Focus Media Holding Limited. |
| | | | |
| 10.99 | | | Asset Transfer Agreement, dated January 30, 2003, by and among Shanghai Allyes Advertisement Co. Ltd., New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Xiangdong Xiong, and Jiangang Wang |
| | | | |
| 10.100 | | | Call Option Agreement, dated January 30, 2003, by and among Jiangang Wang, New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., and Shanghai Allyes Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.101 | | | Call Option Agreement, dated January 30, 2003, by and among Xiangdong Xiong, New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Allyes Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.102 | | | Equity Interests Pledge Agreement, dated January 30, 2003, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Jiangang Wang. |
| | | | |
| 10.103 | | | Equity Interest Pledge Agreement, dated January 30, 2003, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Xiangdong Xiong |
| | | | |
| 10.104 | | | Exclusive Service Agreement, dated January 20, 2003, by and among Shanghai Allyes Advertisement Co., Ltd. and New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. |
117
| | | | |
Exhibit | | |
Number | | Description of Exhibits |
| 10.105 | | | Loan Agreement, dated January 10, 2003, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Lender) and Jiangang Wang (Borrower). |
| | | | |
| 10.106 | | | Loan Agreement, dated January 10, 2003, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Lender) and Xiangdong Xiong (Borrower). |
| | | | |
| 10.107 | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated January 30, 2003, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Allyes Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Xiangdong Xiong. |
| | | | |
| 10.108 | | | Call Option Agreement, dated November 1, 2004, by and among Jiangang Wang, New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Baifen Creation Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.109 | | | Call Option Agreement, dated November 1, 2004, by and among Xiangdong Xiong, New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Baifen Creation Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.110 | | | Equity Interests Pledge Agreement, dated November 1, 2004, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Jiangang Wang. |
| | | | |
| 10.111 | | | Equity Interests Pledge Agreement, dated November 1, 2004, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Xiangdong Xiong. |
| | | | |
| 10.112 | | | Exclusive Service Agreement, dated November 1, 2004, by and between Shenzhen Baifen Creation Co., Ltd. and New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.113 | | | Loan Agreement, dated November 1, 2004, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Lender) and Jiangang Wang (Borrower). |
| | | | |
| 10.114 | | | Loan Agreement, dated November 1, 2004, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Lender) and Xiangdong Xiong (Borrower). |
| | | | |
| 10.115 | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated November 1, 2004, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Baifen Creation Advertisement Co., Ltd., and Jiangang Wang. |
| | | | |
| 10.116 | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated November 1, 2004, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Baifen Creation Advertisement Co., Ltd., and Xiangdong Xiong. |
| | | | |
| 10.117 | | | Asset Transfer Agreement, dated November 30, 2004, by and among Shanghai Huxin Advertisement Co., Ltd., New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Suyang Zhang and Hailong Zhu. |
| | | | |
| 10.118 | | | Call Option Agreement, dated November 30, 2004, by and among Suyang Zhang, New Allyess Information technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Huxin Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.119 | | | Call Option Agreement, dated November 30, 2004, by and among Hailong Zhu, New Allyess Information technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Huxin Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.120 | | | Equity Interests Pledge Agreement, dated November 30, 2004, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Suyang Zhang. |
| | | | |
| 10.121 | | | Equity Interests Pledge Agreement, dated November 30, 2004, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Hailong Zhu. |
| | | | |
| 10.122 | | | Exclusive Services Agreement, dated November 11, 2004, by and between Shanghai Huxin Advertisement Co., Ltd. and New Allyess Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.123 | | | Loan Agreement, dated November 1, 2004, by and between New Allyess Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd (Lender) and Suyang Zhang (Borrower). |
| | | | |
| 10.124 | | | Loan Agreement, dated November 1, 2004, by and between New Allyess Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd (Lender) and Hailong Zhu (Borrower). |
118
| | | | |
Exhibit | | |
Number | | Description of Exhibits |
| 10.125 | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated November 30, 2004, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Huxin Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Suyang Zhang. |
| | | | |
| 10.126 | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated November 30, 2004, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Huxin Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Hailong Zhu. |
| | | | |
| 10.127 | | | Asset Transfer Agreement, dated November 30, 2004, by and among Shanghai MSN Advertisement Co., Ltd., New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Suyang Zhang and Hailong Zhu. |
| | | | |
| 10.128 | | | Call Option Agreement, dated November 30, 2004, by and among Suyang Zhang, New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai MSN Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.129 | | | Call Option Agreement, dated November 30, 2004, by and among Hailong Zhu, New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai MSN Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.130 | | | Equity Interests Pledge Agreement, dated November 30, 2004, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Suyang Zhang. |
| | | | |
| 10.131 | | | Equity Interests Pledge Agreement, dated November 30, 2004, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Hailong Zhu. |
| | | | |
| 10.132 | | | Exclusive Service Agreement, dated November 3, 2004, by and among Shanghai MSN Advertisement Co., Ltd. and New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.133 | | | Loan Agreement, dated November 1, 2004, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Lender) and Hailong Zhu (Borrower). |
| | | | |
| 10.134 | | | Loan Agreement, dated November 1, 2004, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Lender) and Suyang Zhang (Borrower). |
| | | | |
| 10.135 | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated November 30, 2004, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai MSN Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Suyang Zhang. |
| | | | |
| 10.136 | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated November 30, 2004, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai MSN Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Hailong Zhu. |
| | | | |
| 10.137 | | | Asset Transfer Agreement, dated May 17, 2005, by and among Shanghai Quanshi Advertisement Co., Ltd., New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Suyang Zhang and Hailong Zhu. |
| | | | |
| 10.138 | | | Call Option Agreement, dated May 17, 2005, by and among Hailong Zhu, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Quanshi Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.139 | | | Call Option Agreement, dated May 17, 2005, by and among Hailong Zhu, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Quanshi Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.140 | | | Equity Interests Pledge Agreement, dated May 17, 2005, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Suyang Zhang. |
| | | | |
| 10.141 | | | Equity Interests Pledge Agreement, dated May 17, 2005, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Hailong Zhu. |
| | | | |
| 10.142 | | | Exclusive Service Agreement, dated April 30, 2005, by and between Shanghai Quanshi Advertisement Co., Ltd. and New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.143 | | | Loan Agreement, dated April 20, 2005, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Lender) and Suyang Zhang (Borrower). |
| | | | |
| 10.144 | | | Loan Agreement, dated April 20, 2005, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Lender) and Hailong Zhu (Borrower). |
119
| | | | |
Exhibit | | |
Number | | Description of Exhibits |
| 10.145 | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 17, 2005, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Quanshi Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Suyang Zhang. |
| | | | |
| 10.146 | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated May 17, 2005, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Quanshi Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Hailong Zhu. |
| | | | |
| 10.147 | | | Supplemental Agreement for Loan Agreement, dated March 20, 2006, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Lender) and Suyang Zhang (Borrower). |
| | | | |
| 10.148 | | | Supplemental Agreement for Loan Agreement, dated March 20, 2006, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Lender) and Hailong Zhu (Borrower). |
| | | | |
| 10.149 | | | Call Option Agreement, dated July 1, 2006, by and among Jiangang Wang, New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Kuantong Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.150 | | | Call Option Agreement, dated July 1, 2006, by and among Suyang Zhang, New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Kuantong Advertisement Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.151 | | | Equity Interests Pledge Agreement, dated July 1, 2006, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Jiangang Wang. |
| | | | |
| 10.152 | | | Equity Interests Pledge Agreement, dated July 1, 2006, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Suyang Zhang. |
| | | | |
| 10.153 | | | Exclusive Service Agreement, dated July 1, 2006, by and between Shanghai Kuantong Advertisement Co., Ltd. and New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. |
| | | | |
| 10.154 | | | Loan Agreement, dated June 20, 2006, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Lender) and Jiangang Wang (Borrower). |
| | | | |
| 10.155 | | | Loan Agreement, dated June 20, 2006, by and between New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Lender) and Suyang Zhang (Borrower). |
| | | | |
| 10.156 | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated July 1, 2006, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Kuantong Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Jiangang Wang. |
| | | | |
| 10.157 | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated July 1, 2006, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Kuantong Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Suyang Zhang. |
| | | | |
| 10.158 | | | Share Purchase Agreement, dated July 21, 2006, by and among EFG Partners Ltd., Focus Media Holding Ltd., Appreciate Capital Ltd., Qingyong Zhang and Yongmei Wang. |
| | | | |
| 10.159 | | | Registration Rights Agreement, dated March 28, 2007, by and among Focus Media Holding Limited, and option holders of Allyes Information Technology Company Limited |
| | | | |
| 10.160 | | | Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated January 30, 2003, by and among New Allyes Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Allyes Advertisement Co., Ltd. and Jiangang Wang. |
| | | | |
| 12.1 | | | Certificate of Chief Executive Officer. |
| | | | |
| 12.2 | | | Certificate of Chief Financial Officer. |
| | | | |
| 13.1 | | | Certification of Periodic Financial Report. |
| | | | |
| 13.2 | | | Certification of Periodic Financial Report. |
120
| | | | |
Exhibit | | |
Number | | Description of Exhibits |
| 15.1 | | | Consent of Conyers Dill & Pearman. |
| | | | |
| 15.2 | | | Consent of Global Law Office. |
| | | | |
| 21.1 | | | List of Subsidiaries. |
121
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
| | | | | | |
| | Focus Media Holding Limited |
| | | | | | |
| | By: | | /s/ Jason Nanchun Jiang | | |
| | | | | | |
| | Name: | | Jason Nanchun Jiang | | |
| | Title: | | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | | |
Date: September 25, 2007
122
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONTENTS
| | |
| | Page |
| | F-2 |
| | F-4 |
| | F-5 |
| | F-6 |
| | F-8 |
| | F-10 |
| | F-47 |
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS OF FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Focus Media Holding Limited and subsidiaries (the “Group”) as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity (deficiency) and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, and the related financial statement schedule included in Schedule 1. We also have audited management’s assessment, included in the accompanying Report by Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, that the Group maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. As described in the Report by Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Infoachieve Limited, Dotad Holdings Limited, DongGuan Advertisement & Communications Co., Ltd., Appreciate Capital Ltd., Bestwin Partners Limited and Glomedia Holdings Limited, which were acquired on January 1, March 20, April 8, September 1, October 1 and December 1, 2006, respectively, and whose aggregated financial statements constitute 4.6 percent and 4.0 percent of net and total assets, respectively, 25.2 percent of revenues, and 31.4 percent of net income of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2006. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at Infoachieve Limited, Dotad Holdings Limited, DongGuan Advertisement & Communications Co., Ltd., Appreciate Capital Ltd., Bestwin Partners Limited or Glomedia Holdings Limited. The Group’s management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule, an opinion on management’s assessment, and an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with the authorization of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Group as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. Also in our opinion, management’s assessment that the Group maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on the criteria established inInternal Control – Integrated Frameworkissued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
As discussed in Note 2(s) to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2006, the Group changed its method of accounting for share-based payments to conform to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123R “Share-based Payment”.
F-2
Furthermore, in our opinion, the Group maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on the criteria established inInternal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
/s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd.
Shanghai, China
September 25, 2007
F-3
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In U.S. dollars, except share data) | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 22,669,106 | | | $ | 36,653,180 | | | $ | 164,610,942 | |
Investment in debt securities | | | — | | | | 34,835,850 | | | | — | |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $173,837, $396,657 and $1,308,554 in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively | | | 6,619,949 | | | | 21,188,531 | | | | 61,614,343 | |
Inventories | | | 1,243,140 | | | | 479,529 | | | | 519,095 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 1,746,996 | | | | 4,444,303 | | | | 5,199,355 | |
Deposits paid for acquisition of subsidiaries | | | 362,472 | | | | 40,919,530 | | | | 3,526,370 | |
Amounts due from related parties | | | 2,740,032 | | | | 3,120,206 | | | | 7,852,789 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total current assets | | | 35,381,695 | | | | 141,641,129 | | | | 243,322,894 | |
Rental deposits | | | 1,606,378 | | | | 11,819,095 | | | | 11,833,290 | |
Equipment, net | | | 9,197,143 | | | | 43,694,888 | | | | 70,249,324 | |
Acquired intangible assets, net | | | 708,306 | | | | 1,157,920 | | | | 34,717,019 | |
Goodwill | | | 9,058,086 | | | | 13,298,072 | | | | 739,743,871 | |
Other long-term assets | | | 463,051 | | | | 742,914 | | | | 6,375,682 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 56,414,659 | | | $ | 212,354,018 | | | $ | 1,106,242,080 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders’ equity (deficiency) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Short-term loans | | $ | — | | | $ | 991,301 | | | $ | 2,769,459 | |
Accounts payable | | | 607,091 | | | | 5,847,530 | | | | 5,987,593 | |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | | 6,591,435 | | | | 11,746,902 | | | | 38,674,175 | |
Income taxes payable | | | 1,435,486 | | | | 2,108,071 | | | | 4,060,170 | |
Amounts due to related parties | | | — | | | | — | | | | 345,768 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total current liabilities | | | 8,634,012 | | | | 20,693,804 | | | | 51,837,165 | |
Deferred tax liabilities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,303,110 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | $ | 8,634,012 | | | $ | 20,693,804 | | | $ | 55,140,275 | |
Commitments (Note 16) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Minority interest | | | 80,692 | | | | 245,563 | | | | 357,814 | |
Mezzanine equity | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Series A convertible redeemable preference shares ($0.00005 par value; 41,967,400 shares authorized and 41,967,400, nil and nil shares issued and outstanding in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively) | | | 6,295,110 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Series B convertible redeemable preference shares ($0.00005 par value; 48,191,600 shares authorized and 48,191,600, nil and nil shares issued and outstanding in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively) | | | 12,062,696 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares ($0.00005 par value; 34,054,000 shares authorized and 34,054,000, nil and nil shares issued and outstanding in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively) | | | 17,500,350 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares ($0.00005 par value; 34,053,400 shares authorized and 34,053,400, nil and nil shares issued and outstanding in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively) | | | 17,415,000 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Shareholders’ equity (deficiency) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ordinary shares ($0.00005 par value; 885,516,600, 19,800,000,000 and 19,800,000,000 shares authorized in 2004, 2005 and 2006; 142,464,600, 378,306,000 and 534,896,873 shares issued and outstanding in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively) | | | 7,124 | | | | 18,916 | | | | 26,745 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 5,981,154 | | | | 177,419,761 | | | | 709,196,246 | |
Acquisition consideration to be issued | | | — | | | | — | | | | 237,879,480 | |
Deferred share-based compensation | | | (969,959 | ) | | | (246,569 | ) | | | — | |
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) | | | (10,550,414 | ) | | | 12,997,237 | | | | 96,194,969 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | | | (41,106 | ) | | | 1,225,306 | | | | 7,446,551 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Total shareholders’ equity (deficiency) | | $ | (5,573,201 | ) | | $ | 191,414,651 | | | $ | 1,050,743,991 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders’ equity (deficiency) | | $ | 56,414,659 | | | $ | 212,354,018 | | | $ | 1,106,242,080 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In U.S. dollars, except share data) | |
Net revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Advertising Service Revenue | | $ | 26,321,179 | | | $ | 66,903,679 | | | $ | 209,973,935 | |
Other Revenue | | | 2,888,720 | | | | 1,325,234 | | | | 1,931,530 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total net revenues | | | 29,209,899 | | | | 68,228,913 | | | | 211,905,465 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Advertising Service Cost | | | 6,804,410 | | | | 25,748,318 | | | | 80,615,408 | |
Other Cost | | | 1,934,331 | | | | 975,747 | | | | 764,959 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total cost of revenues | | | 8,738,741 | | | | 26,724,065 | | | | 81,380,367 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross profit | | | 20,471,158 | | | | 41,504,848 | | | | 130,525,098 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses/(income): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
General and administrative | | | 3,987,496 | | | | 9,119,846 | | | | 25,723,413 | |
Selling and marketing | | | 3,472,088 | | | | 9,599,226 | | | | 25,761,948 | |
Other operating income | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,338,334 | ) |
Goodwill impairment loss | | | 58,397 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses/(income) | | | 7,517,981 | | | | 18,719,072 | | | | 50,147,027 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from operations | | | 12,953,177 | | | | 22,785,776 | | | | 80,378,071 | |
Interest income | | | 9,739 | | | | 1,811,782 | | | | 4,560,798 | |
Interest expense | | | — | | | | (49,873 | ) | | | (305,287 | ) |
Other income | | | 53,940 | | | | 70,471 | | | | 271,451 | |
Other expense | | | (57,783 | ) | | | (231,619 | ) | | | (558,990 | ) |
Change in fair value of derivative liability associated with Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (11,692,287 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes and minority interest | | | 1,266,786 | | | | 24,386,537 | | | | 84,346,043 | |
Income taxes | | | 907,550 | | | | 694,453 | | | | 1,043,538 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net income after income taxes before minority interest | | | 359,236 | | | | 23,692,084 | | | | 83,302,505 | |
Minority interest | | | 13,516 | | | | (144,433 | ) | | | (104,773 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | 372,752 | | | | 23,547,651 | | | | 83,197,732 | |
Deemed dividend on Series A convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (8,308,411 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (2,191,442 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (13,356,087 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Premium of Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 12,906,774 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares | | $ | (10,576,414 | ) | | $ | 23,547,651 | | | $ | 83,197,732 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) per share — basic | | $ | (0.07 | ) | | $ | 0.09 | | | $ | 0.16 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) per share — diluted | | $ | (0.07 | ) | | $ | 0.06 | | | $ | 0.16 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shares used in calculating basic income (loss) per share | | | 160,998,600 | | | | 252,128,545 | | | | 505,411,079 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Shares used in calculating diluted income (loss) per share | | | 160,998,600 | | | | 365,938,094 | | | | 521,536,381 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIENCY) AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Deferred | | | Retained | | | Accumulated | | | Total | | | | |
| | | | | Additional | | | share | | | earnings | | | other | | | shareholders’ | | | | |
| | Ordinary | | | paid-in | | | based | | | (accumulated | | | comprehensive | | | equity | | | Comprehensive | |
| | Shares | | | Amount | | | capital | | | compensation | | | deficit) | | | income (loss) | | | (deficiency) | | | income | |
| | (In U.S. dollars, except share data) | |
Balance at January 1, 2004 | | | 200,000,000 | | | $ | 10,000 | | | $ | 1,188,817 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 26,000 | | | $ | (41,755 | ) | | $ | 1,183,062 | | | | — | |
Issuance of ordinary shares | | | 14,594,200 | | | | 730 | | | | 4,484,068 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,484,798 | | | | — | |
Reclassification of ordinary shares to Series A convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (62,400,000 | ) | | | (3,120 | ) | | | (1,048,469 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,051,589 | ) | | | — | |
Reclassification of ordinary shares to Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (9,729,600 | ) | | | (486 | ) | | | (101,932 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (102,418 | ) | | | — | |
Deferred share-based compensation | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,334,835 | | | | (1,334,835 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Share-based compensation expense | | | — | | | | — | | | | 123,835 | | | | 364,876 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 488,711 | | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series A convertible redeemable preference shares | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (8,308,411 | ) | | | — | | | | (8,308,411 | ) | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (2,191,442 | ) | | | — | | | | (2,191,442 | ) | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (13,356,087 | ) | | | — | | | | (13,356,087 | ) | | | — | |
Premium of Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 12,906,774 | | | | — | | | | 12,906,774 | | | | — | |
Cumulative translation adjustment | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 649 | | | | 649 | | | $ | 649 | |
Net income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 372,752 | | | | — | | | | 372,752 | | | | 372,752 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2004 | | | 142,464,600 | | | $ | 7,124 | | | $ | 5,981,154 | | | | (969,959 | ) | | $ | (10,550,414 | ) | | $ | (41,106 | ) | | $ | (5,573,201 | ) | | $ | 373,401 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Series A convertible redeemable preference shares converted into ordinary shares upon initial public offering | | | 41,967,400 | | | | 2,098 | | | | 6,293,012 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,295,110 | | | | — | |
Series B convertible redeemable preference shares converted into ordinary shares upon initial public offering | | | 48,191,600 | | | | 2,409 | | | | 12,060,287 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 12,062,696 | | | | — | |
Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares converted into ordinary shares upon initial public offering | | | 34,054,000 | | | | 1,703 | | | | 17,498,647 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 17,500,350 | | | | — | |
Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares converted into ordinary shares upon initial public offering | | | 34,053,400 | | | | 1,703 | | | | 17,413,297 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 17,415,000 | | | | — | |
Issuance of ordinary shares upon initial public offering, net of issuance cost of $13,703,370 | | | 77,575,000 | | | | 3,879 | | | | 118,170,251 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 118,174,130 | | | | — | |
Deferred share-based compensation | | | — | | | | — | | | | (264,751 | ) | | | 264,751 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Share-based compensation expense | | | — | | | | — | | | | 267,864 | | | | 458,639 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 726,503 | | | | — | |
Unrealized loss on debt securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (164,150 | ) | | | (164,150 | ) | | $ | (164,150 | ) |
Cumulative translation adjustments | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,430,562 | | | | 1,430,562 | | | | 1,430,562 | |
Net income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 23,547,651 | | | | — | | | | 23,547,651 | | | | 23,547,651 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2005 | | | 378,306,000 | | | $ | 18,916 | | | $ | 177,419,761 | | | $ | (246,569 | ) | | $ | 12,997,237 | | | $ | 1,225,306 | | | $ | 191,414,651 | | | $ | 24,814,063 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-6
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIENCY) AND COMPREHENSIVE
INCOME – (continued)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Deferred | | | Retained | | | Accumulated | | | Total | | | | |
| | | | | Additional | | | share | | | earnings | | | other | | | shareholders’ | | | | |
| | Ordinary | | | paid-in | | | based | | | (accumulated | | | comprehensive | | | equity | | | Comprehensive | |
| | Shares | | | Amount | | | capital | | | compensation | | | deficit) | | | income (loss) | | | (deficiency) | | | income | |
| | (In U.S. dollars, except share data) | |
Balance at December 31, 2005 | | | 378,306,000 | | | $ | 18,916 | | | $ | 177,419,761 | | | $ | (246,569 | ) | | $ | 12,997,237 | | | $ | 1,225,306 | | | $ | 191,414,651 | | | | — | |
|
Issuance of ordinary shares upon follow-on offering on January 27, 2007, net of issuance cost of $3,466,700 | | | 15,000,000 | | | | 750 | | | | 61,782,550 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 61,783,300 | | | | — | |
Issuance of ordinary shares upon follow-on offering on June 16, 2006, net of issuance cost of $2,740,407 | | | 16,000,000 | | | | 800 | | | | 80,966,793 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 80,967,593 | | | | — | |
Issuance of ordinary shares in connection with acquisitions | | | 99,254,193 | | | | 4,962 | | | | 365,660,061 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 365,665,023 | | | | — | |
Issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to share option plans | | | 26,336,680 | | | | 1,317 | | | | 15,246,244 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 15,247,561 | | | | — | |
Ordinary shares to be issued in connection with acquisitions | | | — | | | | — | | | | 237,879,480 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 237,879,480 | | | | — | |
Adjustment for the adoption of SFAS 123R | | | | | | | | | | | (246,569 | ) | | | 246,569 | | | | | | | | | | | | — | | | | | |
Share-based compensation expense | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8,367,406 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8,367,406 | | | | — | |
|
Unrealized gain on debt securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 164,150 | | | | 164,150 | | | $ | 164,150 | |
Cumulative translation adjustments | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,057,095 | | | | 6,057,095 | | | | 6,057,095 | |
Net income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 83,197,732 | | | | — | | | | 83,197,732 | | | | 83,197,732 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2006 | | | 534,896,873 | | | $ | 26,745 | | | $ | 947,075,726 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 96,194,969 | | | $ | 7,446,551 | | | $ | 1,050,743,991 | | | $ | 89,418,977 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31 | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In U.S. dollars) | |
Operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares | | $ | (10,576,414 | ) | | $ | 23,547,651 | | | $ | 83,197,732 | |
Deemed dividend on Series A convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 8,308,411 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 2,191,442 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 13,356,087 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Premium relating to Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (12,906,774 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | 372,752 | | | | 23,547,651 | | | | 83,197,732 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Minority interest | | | (13,516 | ) | | | 144,433 | | | | 104,773 | |
Bad debt provision | | | 173,837 | | | | 235,604 | | | | 1,844,605 | |
Share-based compensation | | | 488,711 | | | | 726,503 | | | | 8,367,406 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 923,163 | | | | 4,927,016 | | | | 19,511,552 | |
Loss on disposal of equipment | | | 22,470 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Change in fair value of derivative liability associated with Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 11,692,287 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Goodwill impairment | | | 58,397 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable, net | | | (4,525,148 | ) | | | (14,710,176 | ) | | | (22,289,344 | ) |
Inventories | | | (1,030,529 | ) | | | (408,223 | ) | | | 23,334 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | (1,740,427 | ) | | | (2,347,426 | ) | | | 7,857,172 | |
Amounts due from related parties | | | (2,487,456 | ) | | | (380,174 | ) | | | (4,732,583 | ) |
Rental deposits | | | (1,035,474 | ) | | | (10,076,230 | ) | | | 3,104,667 | |
Accounts payable | | | (1,609,816 | ) | | | 5,007,564 | | | | (3,174,405 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | | 4,174,214 | | | | 3,950,903 | | | | (1,673,496 | ) |
Amounts due to related parties | | | (2,322,276 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Income tax payable | | | 825,100 | | | | 672,585 | | | | 1,276,252 | |
Deferred taxes assets | | | 78,586 | | | | (20,664 | ) | | | (63,383 | ) |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | $ | 4,044,875 | | | $ | 11,269,366 | | | $ | 93,354,282 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchase of equipment and other long-term assets | | $ | (6,373,124 | ) | | $ | (36,765,294 | ) | | $ | (22,878,254 | ) |
Acquisition of intangible assets | | | — | | | | — | | | | (6,403,114 | ) |
Purchase of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired | | | (4,697,378 | ) | | | (4,982,523 | ) | | | (124,062,515 | ) |
Deposit paid to acquire subsidiaries | | | — | | | | (40,919,530 | ) | | | (3,710,369 | ) |
Disposal of an equity investment | | | — | | | | — | | | | 60,005 | |
Expiration (investment) in debt securities | | | — | | | | (35,000,000 | ) | | | 35,000,000 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | $ | (11,070,502 | ) | | $ | (117,667,347 | ) | | $ | (121,994,247 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Repayment of short-term loan from a shareholder | | | (500,000 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares, net of issuance costs of $nil in 2004, $13,703,370 in 2005 and $6,207,107 in 2006 | | | — | | | | 118,174,130 | | | | 142,750,893 | |
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to share option plans | | | — | | | | — | | | | 15,247,561 | |
F-8
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31 | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In U.S. dollars) | |
Proceeds from issuance of Series B convertible redeemable preference shares (net of issuance costs of $437,304) | | | 12,062,696 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Proceeds from issuance of Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares (net of issuance costs of $85,000) | | | 17,415,000 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Proceeds from short-term loans | | | — | | | | 991,301 | | | | 24,598,037 | |
Repayment of short-term loans | | | — | | | | — | | | | (29,402,066 | ) |
Capital injection from minority shareholders | | | — | | | | 3,089 | | | | 326,307 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | $ | 28,977,696 | | | $ | 119,168,520 | | | $ | 153,520,732 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Effect of exchange rate changes | | $ | 649 | | | $ | 1,213,535 | | | $ | 3,076,995 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 21,952,718 | | | $ | 13,984,074 | | | $ | 127,957,762 | |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | | | 716,388 | | | | 22,669,106 | | | | 36,653,180 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | | $ | 22,669,106 | | | $ | 36,653,180 | | | $ | 164,610,942 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income taxes paid | | $ | 738 | | | $ | 94,391 | | | $ | 153,526 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Interest paid | | $ | — | | | $ | 11,581 | | | $ | 244,702 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-cash investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Acquisition of subsidiaries: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Value of ordinary shares issued | | $ | 4,484,798 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 365,665,023 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Ordinary share consideration to be issued | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 237,879,480 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | $ | 538,860 | | | $ | 99,130 | | | $ | 4,530,745 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Non-cash financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reclassification of ordinary shares to Series A convertible redeemable preference shares | | $ | 9,360,000 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Reclassification of Series A convertible redeemable preference shares to Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference share | | $ | 3,064,890 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Reclassification of Series B convertible redeemable preference shares to Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference share | | $ | 976,955 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-9
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
1. Organization and Principal Activities
Focus Media Holding Limited and all of its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Group”) are mainly engaged in selling out-of home television advertising time slots on its network of flat-panel television advertising displays located in high traffic areas such as commercial locations and in-store network. Starting from 2006, the Group also engaged in providing advertising services on in-elevator poster frames network and mobile handset advertising network.
PRC regulations currently limit foreign ownership of companies that provide advertising services, including out-of -home television advertising services. To comply with these regulations, the Group conducts substantially all of its activities through Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. (“Focus Media Advertisement”) and its subsidiaries, a variable interest entity which was renamed from Aiqi, and was established in Shanghai China on September 2, 1997. On April 11, 2004, the majority shareholder of Focus Media Advertisement, Jason Nanchun Jiang, incorporated Focus Media Holding Limited (“Focus Media Holding” or the “Company”) with the same shareholders of Focus Media Advertisement. Focus Media Advertisement entered into various agreements with 100% owned subsidiaries of Focus Media Holding, i.e. Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“Focus Media Technology”) and Focus Media Digital Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“Focus Media Digital”), including a transfer of trademarks and exclusive services agreement. Under these agreements, Focus Media Advertisement has the right to use the trade name of Focus Media Technology, and Focus Media Digital, provides technical and consulting services to Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries. In return, Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries are required to pay Focus Media Technology services fees for the use of trade name and Focus Media Digital for the technical and consulting services it receives. The technical and consulting service fees are adjusted at the Focus Media Digital’s sole discretion. Focus Media Digital is entitled to receive service fees in an amount up to all of the net income of Focus Media Advertising.
In addition, Focus Media Holding, through Focus Media Technology, has been assigned all voting rights by the direct and indirect owners of Focus Media Advertisement through an agreement valid indefinitely that cannot be amended or terminated except by written consent of all parties. Finally Focus Media Holding, through Focus Media Technology has the option to acquire the equity interests of Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries for a purchase price equal to the respective registered capital of Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries or a proportionate amount thereof, or such higher price as required under PRC laws at the time of such purchase. Each of the shareholders of Focus Media Advertisement has agreed to pay Focus Media Holding, any excess of the purchase price paid for such equity interests in, or assets of, Focus Media Advertisement or its subsidiaries over the registered capital of Focus Media Advertisement or its subsidiaries in the event that such option is exercised.
Through contractual arrangements described above, Focus Media Holding is deemed the primary beneficiary of Focus Media Advertisement resulting in Focus Media Advertisement being deemed a subsidiary of Focus Media Holding under the requirements of FIN 46 (Revised), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46(R)”). In substance, an existing company, Focus Media Advertisement, has been reorganized as a subsidiary of the new company Focus Media Holding. Focus Media Holding has the same controlling shareholder and the same non-controlling shareholders. Accordingly, the Group’s financial statements reflect the financial statements of Focus Media Advertisement through May 2003 and, thereafter, the consolidated financial statements of Focus Media Holding and its subsidiaries, which include Focus Media Advertisement and its subsidiaries.
As of December 31, 2006, the major subsidiaries of Focus Media Holding and Focus Media Advertisement’s subsidiaries include the Appendix 1 attached.
F-10
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).
(b) Basis of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Focus Media Holding, its majority-owned subsidiaries and its variable interest entity, Focus Media Advertisement and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
(c) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use, and which have maturities of 3 months or less when purchased.
(d) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and revenue and expenses in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Group’s financial statements include allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives and impairment for long-lived assets and goodwill, the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets, and the valuation and recognition of share-based compensation. The actual results experienced by the Company may differ from management’s estimates.
(e) Significant Risks and Uncertainties
The Group participates in a young and dynamic industry and believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s future financial position, results of operations or cash flows: the Group’s limited operating history, rapid growth associated with newly acquired business; advances and trends in new technologies and industry standards; share market performance and public interest in companies operating in China that are listed on share market in the U.S.; competition from other competitors; regulatory or other PRC related factors; risks associated with the Group’s ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support its growth; risks associated with the Group’s growth strategies; and general risks associated with the advertising industry.
F-11
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
(f) Investment in Available-for-sale Debt Securities
The Group classifies all of its short-term investments as available-for-sale securities. Such short-term investments consist primarily of debt instrument which are stated at fair market value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
(g) Inventory
Inventory is comprised of media display equipments and compact flash cards, which are held for sale. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market value. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of obsolete and excess inventory to the estimated market value based on historical and forecast demand.
(h) Equipment, Net
Equipment, net is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:
| | |
Media display equipment | | 5 years |
Computers and office equipment | | 5 years |
Vehicles | | 5 years |
Leasehold Improvements | | lesser of the term of the lease or the estimated useful lives of the assets |
The Group assembles certain of the media display equipment. In addition to costs under assembly contracts, external costs directly related to the assembly of such equipment, including duty and tariff, equipment installation and shipping costs, are capitalized.
(i) Acquired intangible assets, net
Acquired intangible assets, which consist of operation and broadcasting rights, lease agreements, customer bases, customer backlogs, trademarks, non-compete agreements, and acquired technology are valued at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is calculated using the straight-line method over their expected useful lives of 1 to 10 years.
(j) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Group evaluates its long-lived assets and finite-lived intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. When these events occur, the Group measures impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the future undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the future undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the assets, the Group would recognize an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets.
F-12
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
(k) Goodwill
SFAS No. 142“Goodwill and Other intangible Assets”requires the Group to complete a two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step compares the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of each reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered to be impaired and the second step will not be required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to accounting for a business combination with the allocation of the assessed fair value determined in the first step to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to the assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. This allocation process is only performed for purposes of evaluating goodwill impairment and does not result in an entry to adjust the value of any assets or liabilities. An impairment loss is recognized for any excess in the carrying value of goodwill over the implied fair value of goodwill.
Management performed the annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2004 and an impairment loss of $58,397 was recorded for the Perfect Media Holding Ltd. (“Perfect Media”) reporting unit. The fair value of the Perfect Media reporting unit was estimated using a combination of expected present value of future cash flow and income approach valuation methodologies. The Group recorded an impairment charge because the amount the Group paid for the acquisition of Perfect Media exceeded its fair market value. Commencing in 2005, the financial information of Perfect Media was prepared together with that of Commercial location network. Management also performed an annual goodwill impairment test for each of its reporting units as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, and no impairment loss was required.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the year ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Out-of-Home | | | In-elevator | | | Mobile | | | | | | | |
| | Television | | | Poster-frame | | | Handset | | | | | | | |
| | Advertising | | | Advertising | | | Advertising | | | | | | | |
| | Services | | | Services | | | Services | | | Others | | | Total | |
Balance as of January 1, 2004 | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Goodwill acquired during the year | | | 9,519,658 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,519,658 | |
Modification of preliminary purchase price allocation | | | (18,124 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (18,124 | ) |
Tax benefits arising from acquired subsidiaries | | | (385,051 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (385,051 | ) |
Impairment losses | | | (58,397 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (58,397 | ) |
|
| | |
Balance as of December 31, 2004 | | $ | 9,058,086 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 9,058,086 | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Goodwill acquired during the year | | | 4,043,747 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,043,747 | |
Tax benefits arising from acquired subsidiaries | | | (244,236 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (244,236 | ) |
Modification of preliminary purchase price allocation | | | 64,477 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 64,477 | |
Translation adjustments | | | 375,998 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 375,998 | |
| | | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | | |
| | |
Balance as of December 31, 2005 | | $ | 13,298,072 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 13,298,072 | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Goodwill acquired during the year | | | 374,932,052 | | | | 96,926,862 | | | | 8,364,095 | | | | — | | | | 480,223,009 | |
Modification of preliminary purchase price allocation | | | 5,177,181 | | | | 2,756,299 | | | | 80,369 | | | | — | | | | 8,013,849 | |
Goodwill recorded as a result of contingent consideration resolved | | | — | | | | 237,879,480 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 237,879,480 | |
Translation adjustments | | | 329,461 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 329,461 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Balance as of December 31, 2006 | | $ | 393,736,766 | | | $ | 337,562,641 | | | $ | 8,444,464 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 739,743,871 | |
| | |
F-13
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
(l) Revenue Recognition
The Group’s revenues are primarily derived from advertising services and to a lesser extent, sales from advertising equipment. Revenues from advertising services, net of agency rebates, are recognized ratably over the year in which the advertisement is displayed. Revenues from the sale of advertising equipment are recognized once the advertising equipment is delivered. Accordingly, revenue is recognized when all four of the following criteria are met: (i) pervasive evidence that an arrangement exists; (ii) delivery of the products and/or services has occurred and risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the customer; (iii) the selling price is both fixed and determinable; and (iv) collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured.
The Group entered into franchise arrangements with a number of third party franchisors. In accordance with SFAS 45, revenue from initial franchise fees was recognized when the franchise sale transaction was completed, that is, when all material services or conditions relating to the sale had been substantially performed or satisfied by the franchisor.
Prepayments for the advertising services are deferred and recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered.
The Group presents advertising service revenue, net of sales taxes incurred, as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In U.S. dollars, except per share data) | |
Advertising Service Revenue, Net of Agency rebates | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial Locations | | | | | | | | | | | | |
— Unrelated parties | | $ | 25,386,634 | | | $ | 59,434,823 | | | $ | 130,474,324 | |
— Related parties | | | 3,722,778 | | | | 7,991,434 | | | | 15,227,937 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total Commercial Locations | | | 29,109,412 | | | | 67,426,257 | | | | 145,702,261 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
In-store Network | | | | | | | | | | | | |
— Unrelated parties | | | — | | | | 5,475,192 | | | | 25,330,654 | |
— Related parties | | | — | | | | 517,998 | | | | 4,380,287 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total in-store network | | | — | | | | 5,993,190 | | | | 29,710,941 | |
| | | �� | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
In-elevator poster frame | | | | | | | | | | | | |
— Unrelated parties | | | — | | | | — | | | | 44,893,004 | |
— Related parties | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total In-elevator poster frame | | | — | | | | — | | | | 44,893,004 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mobile handset advertising | | | | | | | | | | | | |
— Unrelated parties | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,880,075 | |
— Related parties | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total mobile handset advertising | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,880,075 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Advertising Services Revenue: | | | 29,109,412 | | | | 73,419,447 | | | | 231,186,281 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less: Sales taxes: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial Locations | | | 2,788,233 | | | | 5,991,497 | | | | 13,641,118 | |
In-store Network | | | — | | | | 524,271 | | | | 2,803,349 | |
In-elevator poster frame | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,988,769 | |
Mobile handset advertising | | | — | | | | — | | | | 779,110 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total sales taxes | | | 2,788,233 | | | | 6,515,768 | | | | 21,212,346 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
|
Net Advertising Service Revenue | | | 26,321,179 | | | | 66,903,679 | | | | 209,973,935 | |
Add: Other Revenue: | | | 2,888,720 | | | | 1,325,234 | | | | 1,931,530 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues: | | $ | 29,209,899 | | | $ | 68,228,913 | | | $ | 211,905,465 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
F-14
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
(m) Operating Leases
Leases where substantially all the rewards and risks of ownership of assets remain with the leasing company are accounted for as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease periods.
(n) Advertising Costs
The Group expenses advertising costs as incurred. Total advertising expenses were $17,919, $45,712 and $1,157,672 for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively and have been included as part of selling and marketing expenses.
(o) Foreign Currency Translation
The functional and reporting currency of Focus Media Holding is the United States dollar (“US dollar”). Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the US dollar are translated into the US dollar at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the US dollar during the year are converted into US dollar at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing at the first day of the month transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in other income or other expenses.
The financial records of the Group’s subsidiaries and its variable interest entity are maintained in its local currency, the Renminbi (“RMB”), which is the functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates at the balance sheet date, equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates and revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated using the average rate for the year. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulative translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) in the statement of shareholders’ equity (deficiency).
(p) Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities.
(q) Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income includes foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities classified as available-for-sale debt securities. Comprehensive income is reported in the statements of shareholders’ equity (deficiency).
(r) Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, investment in available-for-sale debt securities, and short-term loans. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, investment in available-for-sale debt securities and short-term borrowing approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities.
F-15
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
(s) Share-based Compensation
Effective January 1, 2006 the Group adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2005),“Share-Based Payment”(“SFAS 123-R”), using the modified prospective application transition method, which establishes accounting for share-based awards exchanged for employee services. Accordingly, share-based compensation cost is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and recognized in expense over the requisite service period. The Group previously applied Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25,“Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees”(“APB 25”), and related Interpretations and provided the pro forma disclosures required by SFAS No. 123,“Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”(“SFAS 123”). APB 25 required the Group to record a compensation charge for the excess of the market value of the share at the grant date or any other measurement date over the amount an employee must pay to acquire the share. The compensation expense is recognized over the service period which is the vesting period.
Periods prior to the adoption of SFAS 123-R
Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123-R, the Group provided the disclosures required under SFAS 123, as amended by SFAS No. 148,“Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosures”.
The following table illustrates the effect on net income and income per share as if the Group had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 to options granted under the Group’s share-based compensation plans prior to the adoption. For purposes of this pro forma disclosure the value of the options was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and amortized using an accelerated method over the respective vesting periods of the awards.
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | |
Net income, as reported | | $ | 372,752 | | | $ | 23,547,651 | |
Add: Share-based compensation as reported | | | 488,711 | | | | 726,503 | |
Less: Share-based compensation determined using the fair value method | | | (566,819 | ) | | | (3,225,668 | ) |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Pro forma net income | | $ | 294,644 | | | $ | 21,048,486 | |
Deemed dividend on Series A convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (8,308,411 | ) | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (2,191,442 | ) | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (13,356,087 | ) | | | — | |
Premium of Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 12,906,774 | | | | — | |
|
| | | | | | |
Pro forma net income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shareholders | | $ | (10,654,522 | ) | | $ | 21,048,486 | |
| | | | | | |
Basic income (loss) per share: | | | | | | | | |
As reported | | $ | (0.07 | ) | | $ | 0.09 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Pro forma | | $ | (0.07 | ) | | $ | 0.08 | |
| | | | | | |
|
Diluted income (loss) per share: | | | | | | | | |
As reported | | $ | (0.07 | ) | | $ | 0.06 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Pro forma | | $ | (0.07 | ) | | $ | 0.06 | |
| | | | | | |
F-16
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
As required by SFAS 123-R, management has made an estimate of expected forfeitures and is recognizing compensation costs only for those equity awards expected to vest. The cumulative effect of initially adopting SFAS 123-R was not significant. The Group’s total share-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $8,367,406. As a result of adopting SFAS 123-R, income before income tax and net income were both lower by $8,119,732 than if the Group had continued to account for share-based compensation under APB 25. The impact on basic and diluted earnings per shares in 2006 was a decrease of $0.02 and $0.02 per share respectively.
The following table summarizes the share-based compensation recognized in the consolidated statement of operations:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 |
Cost of sales | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 146,942 | |
General and administrative | | | 461,183 | | | | 683,186 | | | | 6,130,076 | |
Selling and marketing | | | 27,528 | | | | 43,317 | | | | 2,090,388 | |
(t) Income (loss) per Share
Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted income per ordinary share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue ordinary shares were exercised or converted into ordinary shares. Ordinary share equivalents are excluded from the computation in loss years as their effects would be anti-dilutive.
(u) Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157,“Fair Value Measurements”(“SFAS 157”), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 applies under most other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements and does not require any new fair value measurements. This statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application encouraged. The provisions of SFAS 157 should be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which the statement is initially applied, except for a limited form of retrospective application for certain financial instruments. The Group is currently evaluating the impact, if any, of this statement on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, (“SFAS 159”). SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Group is currently evaluating the impact, if any, of this statement on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In June 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48,“Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”(“FIN 48”). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109,“Accounting for Income Taxes”. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The Group adopted FIN 48 on January 1, 2007 and estimated the cumulative effect on adoption of FIN48 to be a reduction of consolidated retained earnings as of January 1, 2007 of approximately $1.5 million.
F-17
In June 2006, the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached a consensus on Issue No. 06-3,“How Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities Should be Presented in the Income Statement (That Is, Gross Versus Net Presentation)”(“EITF 06-3”). The scope of EITF 06-3 includes sales, use, value added and some excise taxes that are assessed by a governmental authority on specific revenue-producing transactions between a seller and customer. EITF 06-3 states that a company should disclose its accounting policy (i.e. gross or net presentation) regarding the presentation of taxes within its scope, and if significant, these disclosures should be applied retrospectively to the financial statements for all periods presented. EITF 06-3 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2006. The Group is currently evaluating the impact, if any, of this statement on its consolidated combined financial statements and related disclosures.
(v) Reclassification
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation.
3. Acquisitions
2004 Acquisitions:
In 2004, the Group acquired 10 entities in order to expand their out-of-home television advertising networks for total cash consideration of $4,921,069. As a result of these acquisitions, the Group recorded goodwill and intangible assets of $4,657,492 and $603,520, respectively. All of the goodwill was assigned to the out-of-home television advertising services segment.
In addition, on September 22, 2004, the Group acquired 100% of the outstanding ordinary shares of Perfect Media which includes its then variable interest entity Shanghai Perfect Media, an advertising services provider, in exchange for cash of $500,000 and 14,594,200 ordinary shares having a fair value $4,484,798, or approximately $0.31 per ordinary share, The fair value of the Group’s ordinary shares was determined by management considering multiple factors, including a retrospective valuation performed by a third party valuation firm.
The valuation was based on the guideline companies approach which incorporates the market performance of comparable listed companies as well as the financial results and growth trends of the Group to derive the total equity value of the Group. The valuation model then allocated the equity value between the ordinary shares and the preference shares and determined the fair value of ordinary shares based on two scenarios: preference shares that have a value in excess of their conversion price were treated as if they had converted into ordinary shares; and preference shares that have a value below their conversion price were assigned a value that took into consideration their liquidation preference. Ordinary shares were assigned a value equal to their pro rata share of the residual amount (if any) that remained after consideration of the liquidation preference of preferred stock with a value below their conversion price.
The acquisition was recorded using the purchase method of accounting and, accordingly, the acquired assets and liabilities were recorded at their fair market value at the date of acquisition. The Group’s primary reason for the acquisition of Perfect Media was its complementary business model and its strong relationships with landlords and property managers of commercial building locations in which the Group desired to locate its flat-panel displays. The acquisition of Perfect Media resulted in a significant amount of goodwill because the amount the Group paid for Perfect Media exceeded its fair market value. The Group was willing to pay in excess of Perfect Media’s fair market value in order to maintain its competitive advantage within the commercial buildings the Group already occupied.
F-18
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
The purchase price was allocated as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | Amortization |
| | | | | | Period |
Net tangible assets acquired | | $ | 40,597 | | | |
Intangible assets: | | | | | | |
Lease Agreements | | | 185,947 | | | 2.3 years |
Customer base | | | 14,016 | | | 7 years |
Goodwill | | | 4,744,238 | | | N/A |
| | | | | |
Total | | $ | 4,984,798 | | | |
| | | | | |
2005 Acquisitions:
In 2005, the Group acquired nine entities in order to further expand its out-of-home television advertising network for total consideration of $3,083,244, which was paid primarily in cash. As a result of these acquisitions, the Group recorded goodwill and intangible assets of $2,847,388 and $382,400, respectively. All of the goodwill was assigned to the out-of-home television advertising services segment.
In addition, on March 21, 2005, the Group acquired Capital Beyond Limited, including its then variable interest entity Guangdong Framedia, an advertising services provider, in exchange for cash consideration of $2,054,008, all of which was paid as of December 31, 2005. The acquisition was recorded using the purchase method of accounting and, accordingly, the acquired assets and liabilities were recorded at their fair market value at the date of acquisition. The purchase price was allocated as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | Amortization |
| | | | | | period |
Net tangible assets acquired | | $ | 337,252 | | | |
Intangible assets: | | | | | | |
Lease agreements | | | 471,818 | | | 2.3 years |
Customer base | | | 10,633 | | | 7 years |
Goodwill | | | 1,234,305 | | | N/A |
| | | | | |
Total | | $ | 2,054,008 | | | |
| | | | | |
2006 Acquisitions:
On January 1, 2006, the Group acquired Infoachieve Limited (“Infoachieve”), which included its then variable interest entity Shanghai Framedia Advertising Development Ltd. (“Framedia”), the largest in-elevator poster frame advertising network operator in China. The purchase price included cash of $39,600,000, all of which was paid as of December 31, 2005, and 22,157,003 ordinary shares having a fair value of $54,690,130, or approximately $2.47 per ordinary share. The fair value of the ordinary shares was based on the average market price of Focus Media Holding’s ordinary shares over the three days before, the day of and three days after the terms of the acquisition were agreed to and announced. Framedia achieved certain earnings targets for the year ended December 31, 2006 and, as a result, on June 15, 2007 the Group issued 35,830,619 ordinary shares as additional purchase consideration. As the contingency was resolved as of December 31, 2006, the Group recorded $237,879,480 in consideration payable as a component of shareholders’ equity, which represents the fair value of the 35,830,619 shares as of December 31, 2006.
F-19
The aggregate purchase price is comprised of the following:
| | | | |
Cash consideration | | $ | 39,600,000 | |
Other acquisition costs | | | 311,110 | |
Value of the ordinary shares issued | | | 54,690,130 | |
Value of contingent consideration resolved (ordinary shares to be issued) | | | 237,879,480 | |
| | | |
Total consideration | | $ | 332,480,720 | |
| | | |
The acquisition was recorded using the purchase method of accounting and, accordingly, the acquired assets and liabilities were recorded at their fair market value at the date of acquisition as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | Amortization |
| | | | | | period |
Net tangible liabilities assumed | | $ | (8,443,960 | ) | | |
Intangible assets: | | | | | | |
Lease agreements | | | 8,281,999 | | | 6 years |
Customer base | | | 2,664,685 | | | 7 years |
Non-compete agreement | | | 463,558 | | | 3 years |
Trademark | | | 939,377 | | | 1 years |
Contract backlog | | | 70,120 | | | 1 years |
Goodwill | | | 328,504,941 | | | N/A |
| | | | | |
Total | | $ | 332,480,720 | | | |
| | | | | |
The goodwill was assigned to the in-elevator poster frame advertising services segment.
F-20
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
On February 28, 2006, the Group acquired Target Media Holdings Limited (“Target Media”), which used to be the Group’s biggest competitor in out-of-home television advertising services, and its wholly–owned subsidiary, Target Media Multi-Media technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“TMM”), and a consolidated variable interest entity, Shanghai Target Media Co., Ltd. (“STM”), one of the largest out-of-home advertising network operators in China. The purchase price included cash of $94,000,000, all of which was paid in 2006, and 77,000,000 ordinary shares having a fair value of $310,464,000, or $4.032 per ordinary share. The fair value of the ordinary shares was based on average market price of Focus Media Holding’s ordinary shares over the three days before, the day of and three days after the terms of the acquisition were agreed to and announced.
The aggregate purchase price of $407,321,524 consisted of the following:
| | | | |
Cash consideration | | $ | 94,000,000 | |
Other acquisition costs | | | 2,857,524 | |
Value of the ordinary shares issued | | | 310,464,000 | |
| | | |
Total consideration | | $ | 407,321,524 | |
| | | |
The acquisition was recorded using the purchase method of accounting and, accordingly, the acquired assets and liabilities were recorded at their fair market value at the date of acquisition as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | Amortization |
| | | | | | period |
Net tangible assets acquired | | $ | 19,629,853 | | | |
Intangible assets: | | | | | | |
Lease agreements | | | 4,510,494 | | | 10 years |
Customer base | | | 449,631 | | | 7 years |
Trademark | | | 5,721,874 | | | 10 years |
Contract backlog | | | 148,550 | | | 1 years |
Goodwill | | | 376,861,122 | | | N/A |
| | | | | |
Total | | $ | 407,321,524 | | | |
| | | | | |
The goodwill was assigned to the out-of-home television advertising services segment.
The purchase price allocation and intangible asset valuations for each of the two acquisitions described above were determined by management based on a number of factors including a valuation report provided by a third party valuation firm. The valuation report utilized and considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the income, market, cost and actual transaction of Group shares approach. The Group has incorporated certain assumptions which include projected cash flows and replacement costs.
In the valuation of lease agreements, customer base and contract backlog, an indication of value was developed through the application of a form of income approach, known as excess earnings method. The first step to apply the excess earning method was to estimate the future debt-free net income attributable to the intangible asset. The resulting debt-free net income was then reduced by an estimated fair rate of return on contributory assets necessary to realize the projected earnings attributable to the intangible assets. These assets include fixed assets, working capital and other intangible assets.
The valuation of the trademark was based on the relief from royalty method whereby an asset is valued based upon the after-tax cash flow savings accruing to the owner by virtue of the fact that the owner does not have to pay a “fair royalty” to a third party for the use of that asset. Accordingly, a portion of the owner’s earnings, equal to the after-tax royalty that would have been paid for use of the asset can be attributed to that asset. The value of the asset depends on the present worth of future after-tax royalties attributable to the asset to their present worth at market-derived rates of return appropriate for the risks of that particular asset.
Also in 2006, the Group completed a number of individually insignificant acquisitions which are described below:
F-21
On March 21, 2006, the Group acquired Dotad Media Holdings Limited (“Dotad’”) in exchange for cash consideration of $15,000,000, all of which was paid as of December 31, 2006. On June 15, 2007, additional 1,500,000 ordinary shares were issued as Dotad has met its earning targets in the first year it was acquired. An additional 1,500,000 ordinary shares is issuable contingent upon Dotad’s meeting certain earning targets in 2007. The Group acquired intangible assets of $6,587,095 and recognized goodwill of $8,444,464. The goodwill was assigned to the mobile handset advertising services segment.
The Group acquired three entities in the poster-frame advertising business for cash consideration of $10,670,222. The Group recognized acquired intangible assets of $1,682,771 and recognized goodwill of $9,057,700, which was assigned to the in-elevator poster frame advertising services segment.
The Group acquired three entities which provide out-of-home television advertising services and the remaining minority interest in six subsidiaries, for cash consideration of $5,314,923 and 97,190 ordinary shares. Certain of these acquisitions have contingent consideration based on future earnings targets, The group recognized acquired intangible assets of $12,507 and recognized goodwill of $3,453,332, which was assigned to the out-of-home television advertising services segment.
The Group acquired 70% of the outstanding ordinary shares of Appreciated Capital Ltd. and its then variable interest entity Beijing YangShiSanWei Advertisement Co., Ltd. (collectively, “ACL”). ACL sells advertising in movie theatres to its customers. The purchase consideration is fully contingent and is based on earnings targets for the years ending August 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, subject further to the attainment of certain operational targets. The Group advanced $2.8 million to ACL. The purchase price allocation can not be completed until the contingent consideration is resolved. As such, the Group has recorded a liability of $358,574, which is equal to the excess of the fair value of the assets acquired over cost on the date of acquisition.
Pro forma (unaudited)
The following summarized unaudited pro forma results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, have been prepared assuming that the individually material acquisitions, being Infoachieve Limited, Target Media Holdings Limited, Capital Beyond Limited and Perfect Media, occurred as of January 1, 2004, 2005 and 2006. These pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only based on management’s best estimate and do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations which actually would have resulted had the acquisitions occurred as of January 1, 2004, 2005 and 2006.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Pro forma |
| | Year ended December 31, |
| | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 |
| | (unaudited) | | (unaudited) | | (unaudited) |
Revenues | | $ | 29,296,705 | | | $ | 113,750,432 | | | $ | 214,973,755 | |
Net income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares | | | (10,703,970 | ) | | | 3,127,583 | | | | 74,924,057 | |
Income (loss) per share — basic | | $ | (0.06 | ) | | $ | 0.01 | | | $ | 0.14 | |
Income (loss) per share — diluted | | $ | (0.06 | ) | | $ | 0.01 | | | $ | 0.14 | |
4. Investment in Debt Securities
The following is a summary of short-term available-for-sale debt securities:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Debt Securities | | $ | — | | | $ | 35,000,000 | | | $ | — | |
Gross unrealized loss | | | — | | | | (164,150 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair Value | | $ | — | | | $ | 34,835,850 | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
5. Accounts Receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net consists of the following:
F-22
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Billed receivables | | $ | 4,782,521 | | | $ | 13,684,419 | | | $ | 37,922,093 | |
Unbilled receivables | | | 1,837,428 | | | | 7,504,112 | | | | 23,692,250 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 6,619,949 | | | $ | 21,188,531 | | | $ | 61,614,343 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Unbilled receivables represent amounts earned under advertising contracts in progress but not billable at the respective balance sheet dates. These amounts become billable according to the contract term. The Group anticipates that substantially all of such unbilled amounts will be billed and collected within twelve months of balance sheet dates.
6. Acquired Intangible Assets, Net
As of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, the Group has the following amounts related to intangible assets:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Cost: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operation and broadcasting rights | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 6,403,114 | |
Lease agreements | | | 511,929 | | | | 1,249,843 | | | | 16,336,586 | |
Customer bases | | | 273,820 | | | | 430,879 | | | | 7,827,587 | |
Trademark | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,861,065 | |
Acquired technology | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,546,519 | |
Others | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,177,276 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 785,749 | | | $ | 1,680,722 | | | $ | 41,152,147 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accumulated amortization: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operation and broadcasting rights | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 80,039 | |
Lease agreements | | | 58,888 | | | | 447,578 | | | | 3,015,639 | |
Customer bases | | | 18,555 | | | | 75,224 | | | | 1,051,403 | |
Trademark | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,462,163 | |
Acquired technology | | | — | | | | — | | | | 381,978 | |
Others | | | — | | | | — | | | | 443,906 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 77,443 | | | $ | 522,802 | | | $ | 6,435,128 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Intangible assets, net: | | $ | 708,306 | | | $ | 1,157,920 | | | $ | 34,717,019 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
The Group recorded amortization expense as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Cost of revenues | | $ | 58,888 | | | $ | 382,359 | | | $ | 3,207,079 | |
Selling and marketing | | | 18,555 | | | | 55,478 | | | | 2,567,002 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 77,443 | | | $ | 437,837 | | | $ | 5,774,081 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
The Group will record amortization expense of $5,724,504, $5,490,514, $5,148,733, $5,078,621 and $ 4,585,056 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively.
F-23
7. Equipment, Net
Equipment, net consists of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Media display equipment | | $ | 9,384,262 | | | $ | 40,191,968 | | | $ | 77,088,464 | |
Computers and office equipment | | | 675,053 | | | | 1,267,696 | | | | 3,360,590 | |
Leasehold improvements | | | 167,932 | | | | 537,130 | | | | 713,524 | |
Vehicles | | | 83,834 | | | | 349,575 | | | | 658,825 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 10,311,081 | | | $ | 42,346,369 | | | $ | 81,821,403 | |
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | | | (1,142,742 | ) | | | (5,975,119 | ) | | | (22,767,910 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | 9,168,339 | | | | 36,371,250 | | | | 59,053,493 | |
Assembly in progress | | | 28,804 | | | | 7,323,638 | | | | 11,195,831 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 9,197,143 | | | $ | 43,694,888 | | | $ | 70,249,324 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation expense for 2004, 2005 and 2006 was $870,597, $4,489,178 and $13,666,912, respectively.
Assembly in process relates to the assembly of flat-panel television screens. No provision for depreciation is made on assembly in process until such time as the relevant assets are completed and put into use.
8. Short-term Loans
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Short term bank loan (a) | | $ | — | | | $ | 991,301 | | | $ | — | |
Other loan due to ex-shareholders of Framedia (b) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,769,459 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | — | | | $ | 991,301 | | | $ | 2,769,459 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(a) | | The Group had $nil, $991,301 and $nil outstanding under line of credit arrangement as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The amount available for additional borrowings under this line of credit at December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 was $nil, $2,106,516 and $nil, respectively. The line of credit was subject to an interest rate of 10%, discounted by an amount equal to the six month loan interest rate of The People’s Bank of China. As of December 31, 2005, the line of credit bore interest at 4.698% per annum. The Group recorded interest expense under the line of credit in 2004, 2005 and 2006 of $nil, $49,873 and $305,287, respectively. |
|
(b) | | At December 31, 2006, the short-term loan from ex-shareholders of Framedia are non-interest bearing, all of which are repayable within one year. |
F-24
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
9. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Accrued sales commissions | | $ | 691,888 | | | $ | 2,583,270 | | | $ | 5,813,761 | |
Other accrued expenses | | | 67,929 | | | | 577,863 | | | | 1,844,781 | |
Other taxes payables | | | 1,728,850 | | | | 3,037,443 | | | | 7,451,787 | |
Advance from customers | | | 1,459,976 | | | | 3,387,224 | | | | 6,381,032 | |
Accrued employee payroll and welfare | | | 473,054 | | | | 1,059,717 | | | | 1,465,142 | |
Accrued offering costs | | | 767,821 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Payables related to acquisitions | | | 538,860 | | | | 99,130 | | | | 4,530,745 | |
Amount due to minority shareholders of subsidiary | | | 426,858 | | | | 200,848 | | | | — | |
Withholding individual PRC income tax | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,046,576 | |
Others | | | 436,199 | | | | 801,407 | | | | 2,140,351 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 6,591,435 | | | $ | 11,746,902 | | | $ | 38,674,175 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
10. Share-based Compensation
In June 2003, the Group adopted the 2003 Employee Share Option Scheme (“2003 Plan”) under which not more than 30% of issued share capital was reserved for grants of options. In May 2005, the Group adopted the 2005 Share Option Plan (“2005 Plan”), under which the amount of options that may issue has been reduced to an aggregate of 20% of issued share capital, including the 10.87% already granted under the 2003 Plan. In addition, during the three years after the adoption of our 2005 Plan, the Group may issue no more than 5% of issued share capital for grants of options. In October 2006, the Group further adopted the 2006 Employee Share Option Plan (“2006 Plan”), under which the Group may issue no more than 3.6% of issued ordinary shares for grant of options. The option plans are intended to promote the success and to increase shareholder value by providing an additional means to attract, motivate, retain and reward selected directors, officers, employees and third-party consultants and advisors.
In 2004, 2005 and 2006, options to purchase 25,208,200 and 23,843,630 and 14,800,000 ordinary shares were authorized under the option plans, respectively. Under the terms of each option plan, options are generally granted at prices equal to the fair market value as determined by the Board of Directors, expire 10 years from the date of grant and generally vest over three years while certain options granted vest over one year. Subsequent to the initial public offering, options were generally granted at the fair market value of the ordinary shares at the date of grant. As of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, options to purchase 25,208,200 and 49,051,830 and 37,515,150 ordinary shares were granted to employees and non-employees. Share options granted to external consultants and advisors in exchange for services were expensed based on the estimated fair value utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
The fair value of options granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 |
Option granted to employees: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average risk-free rate of return | | | 2.97% | | 3.10-4.43% | | | 4.74% - 4.80% |
Weighted average expected option life | | 1-3 | years | | 2-3 years | | | 2 years | |
Volatility rate | | | 36.2% | | 30.49%-36.2% | | | 40.0-53.7% | |
Dividend yield | | | 0% | | 0% | | | 0% | |
Prior to the initial public offering in July 2005, the derived fair value of the ordinary shares underlying the options was determined by management by factoring into their consideration a retrospective valuation conducted by a third party valuation firm using a generally accepted valuation methodology, the guideline companies approach, which incorporates certain assumptions including the market performance of comparable listed companies as well as the financial results and growth trends of the Group, to derive the total equity value of the Group. The valuation model allocated the equity value between the ordinary shares and the preference shares and determined the fair value of ordinary shares based on two assumptions: where conversion into ordinary shares would result in a higher economic value, preference shares were treated as if they had converted into ordinary shares; and preference shares that have a value higher than their conversion price were assigned a value that took into consideration their liquidation preference.
F-25
The ordinary shares were assigned a value equal to their pro rata share of the residual amount, if any, that remained after consideration of the liquidation preference of preferred shares with a value below their conversion price. Also prior to July 2005, the expected volatilities are estimated based on the average volatility of comparable companies with the time period commensurate with the expected time period. Following the initial public offering, the expected volatilities were estimated based on the historical volatility. The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free interest rate assumption is determined using the Federal Reserve nominal rates for U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with maturities similar to those of the expected term of the award.
The weighted average fair value of options granted as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 was $0.09, $0.39 and $1.77, respectively.
A summary of the share option activities are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Weighted | | | | |
| | | | | | Weighted | | | remaining | | | Aggregate | |
| | Number | | | average | | | contract term | | | intrinsic | |
| | of shares | | | exercise price | | | (in years) | | | value | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Options outstanding at January 1, 2006 | | | 49,051,830 | | | $ | 0.89 | | | | | | | | | |
Granted | | | 14,800,000 | | | | 5.60 | | | | | | | | | |
Cancelled | | | — | | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
Exercised | | | 26,336,680 | | | | 0.58 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Options outstanding at December 31, 2006 | | | 37,515,150 | | | $ | 2.97 | | | 8.81 years | | $ | 137,600,699 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Options vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2006 | | | 34,000,844 | | | $ | 0.66 | | | 7.82 years | | $ | 203,335,095 | |
| | | | | |
Options exercisable at December 31, 2006 | | | 7,664,164 | | | $ | 0.94 | | | 8.00 years | | $ | 43,688,834 | |
| | | | | |
The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, was $nil, $nil and $146,119,111, respectively.
As of December 31, 2006, there was $25,111,999 in total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.29 years.
F-26
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
11. Income Taxes
Cayman Islands
Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on income or capital gain. In addition, upon payments of dividends by the Company to its shareholders, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed.
British Virgin Islands
The Group’s subsidiaries incorporated in the BVI are not subject to taxation.
Hong Kong
Focus Media (China) Holding Ltd.is subject to Hong Kong profit tax at a rate of 17.5% on its assessable profit. No Hong Kong profit tax has been provided as the Group does not have assessable profit that is earned in or derived from Hong Kong during the years presented.
PRC
Pursuant to the PRC Income Tax Laws, the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are generally subject to Enterprise Income Taxes (“EIT”) at a statutory rate of 33%, which comprises 30% national income tax and 3% local income tax. Some of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are newly incorporated enterprises engaged in the advertising industry which are entitled to a two-year tax exemption holiday, commencing from the first operating year. One of the subsidiaries of the Company, Beijing Focus Media Wireless Co., Ltd., is a qualified new technology enterprise and under PRC Income Tax Laws and is subject to a preferential tax rate of 15%, plus a three-year tax exemption followed by three years with a 50% reduction in the tax rate, commencing from the first profitable year.
On March 16, 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress passed the China Corporate Income Tax Law which will change the income tax rates for most enterprises from 33% at the present to 25%. This new law will become effective on January 1, 2008. There will be a transition period for enterprises, whether foreign-invested or domestic, which currently receive preferential tax treatments granted by relevant tax authorities. Enterprises that are subject to an enterprise income tax rate lower than 25% may continue to enjoy the lower rate and gradually transition to the new tax rate within five years after the effective date of the new law. Enterprises that are currently entitled to exemptions or reductions from the standard income tax rate for a fixed term may continue to enjoy such treatment until the fixed term expires. Preferential tax treatments will continue to be granted to industries and projects that are strongly supported and encouraged by the state, and enterprises that qualify as “new and high technology enterprises strongly supported by the state” will be entitled to a 15% enterprise income tax rate.
Most of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are expected to transition from 33% to 25% starting from January 1, 2008. Those that currently enjoy a lower tax rate of 15% will gradually transition to the uniform tax rate of 25% from 2008 to 2012 unless the company obtains the “new and high technology enterprise” status under the new tax law.
F-27
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
Composition of income tax expense
The current and deferred portion of income tax expense (benefit) included in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Current income tax expense | | $ | 828,962 | | | $ | 715,117 | | | $ | 1,106,921 | |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | | | 78,588 | | | | (20,664 | ) | | | (63,383 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Income tax expense | | $ | 907,550 | | | $ | 694,453 | | | $ | 1,043,538 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Reconciliation of the differences between statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate
Reconciliation between total income tax expense and that amount computed by applying the PRC statutory income tax rate of 33% to income before taxes is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years ended December 31, |
| | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 |
Statutory rate | | | 33.0 | % | | | 33.0 | % | | | 33.0 | % |
Effect of different tax rate of group entities operation in other jurisdiction | | | 318.4 | % | | | 0.0 | % | | | 2.4 | % |
Effect on tax holiday | | | -182.8 | % | | | -31.5 | % | | | -35.6 | % |
Permanent differences | | | -78.4 | % | | | 1.1 | % | | | 2.2 | % |
Change in valuation allowance | | | -18.6 | % | | | 0.2 | % | | | -0.7 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Effective tax rate | | | 71.6 | % | | | 2.8 | % | | | 1.3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table sets forth the effects of the tax holidays granted to the entities of the Group for the periods presented:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, |
| | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 |
Tax holiday effect | | $ | 7,007,620 | | | $ | 23,212,97 | | | $ | 99,641,998 | |
Net income per share effect — basic | | $ | 0.04 | | | $ | 0.09 | | | $ | 0.20 | |
Net income per share effect — diluted | | $ | 0.04 | | | $ | 0.06 | | | $ | 0.19 | |
F-28
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
The principal components of the Group’s deferred income tax assets/liabilities are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Deferred tax assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net operating loss carry forwards | | $ | 276,673 | | | $ | 545,208 | | | $ | 2,317,316 | |
Accrued expenses temporarily non-deductible | | | 54,281 | | | | 46,695 | | | | 242,106 | |
Pre-operating expenses | | | 62,862 | | | | 80,102 | | | | — | |
Bad debt provision | | | 57,147 | | | | 130,897 | | | | 704,429 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total deferred tax assets | | $ | 450,963 | | | $ | 802,902 | | | $ | 3,263,851 | |
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets | | | — | | | | (59,988 | ) | | | (2,438,008 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net deferred tax assets | | $ | 450,963 | | | $ | 742,914 | | | $ | 825,843 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Intangible asset basis difference | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,303,110 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total deferred tax liabilities | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,303,110 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
A significant portion of the deferred tax assets recognized relate to net operating loss carry forwards. The Group had tax losses of $7,689,311 as of December 31, 2006 to be carried forward against future taxable income, it will expire, if unused, in the years ending December 31, 2008 through 2011. The Group operates through multiple subsidiaries and the valuation allowance is considered on each individual subsidiary basis. Where a valuation allowance was not recorded, the Group believes that there was sufficient positive evidence to support its conclusion not to record a valuation allowance as it expects to generate sufficient taxable income in the future.
The valuation allowance in 2005 and 2006 has been increased in connection with an increase in net operating losses for which the Group believes it cannot generate future taxable income sufficient to recognize the income tax benefit.
F-29
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
12. Net income (loss) per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the years indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares (numerator): | | $ | (10,576,414 | ) | | $ | 23,547,651 | | | $ | 83,197,732 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shares (denominator): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding used in computing basic income (loss) per share | | | 160,998,600 | | | | 252,128,545 | | | | 505,411,079 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Plus weighted average preference shares outstanding | | | — | | | | 84,119,675 | | | | — | |
Plus incremental weighted average ordinary shares from assumed conversions of stock option using treasury stock method | | | — | | | | 29,689,874 | | | | 16,125,302 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding used in computing diluted income (loss) per share | | | 160,998,600 | | | | 365,938,094 | | | | 521,536,381 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) per share — basic | | $ | (0.07 | ) | | $ | 0.09 | | | $ | 0.16 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) per share — diluted | | $ | (0.07 | ) | | $ | 0.06 | | | $ | 0.16 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
For the above mentioned years, the Group had securities outstanding which could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future, but which were excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share in the years presented, as their effects would have been anti-dilutive. Such outstanding securities consist of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 |
Series A convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 41,967,400 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 48,191,600 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 34,054,000 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 34,053,400 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Outstanding options to purchase ordinary shares | | | 25,208,200 | | | | 49,051,830 | | | | 37,515,150 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 183,474,600 | | | | 49,051,830 | | | | 37,515,150 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-30
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
13. Convertible Redeemable Preference Shares
Each Series A, Series B, Series C-1 and Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares was automatically converted into ordinary shares at the then effective conversion price upon the closing of a qualified underwritten public offering of the ordinary shares of the Group. Upon the completion of the Group’s initial public offering on July 13, 2005, all of the issued and outstanding Series A, Series B, Series C-1 and Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares were converted into ordinary shares.
a)In April 2004, the Group issued 52,083,400 Series B convertible redeemable preference shares to a group of third party investors for cash proceeds of $12,062,696, net of issuance costs of $437,304. The holders of Series B redeemable convertible preference shares could have redeemed the Series B convertible redeemable preference shares at any time (i) before December 31, 2006 if the Group received a notice from the holders of a majority of Series B convertible redeemable preference shares indicating a material breach by the Group and its affiliates of their representation, warranties or covenants under Series B convertible redeemable preference shares, the shareholders agreement or the Restructuring Documents (as defined in the amended Series B Purchase Agreement), or (ii) after April 28, 2004 (“Redemption Start Date”), at the option of a majority of the holders of the Series B convertible redeemable preference shares then outstanding. In the event of a redemption pursuant to this right, the Group could have redeemed up to all of the Series B convertible redeemable preference shares at a redemption price per redeemable convertible preference share equal to $0.24x(1+(0.15xN)) plus all declared but unpaid dividends. N refers to a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of calendar days between April 28, 2004 and the Redemption Start Date and the denominator of which is 365. The Group recorded a deemed dividend of $2,191,442 in 2004, which resulted from the amortization of the 15% redemption premium associated with Series B convertible redeemable preference shares. According to the articles of association amended on November 29, 2004, the redemption price of Series B preferred stock was $0.24.
b)In April 2004, 62,400,000 outstanding ordinary shares were reclassified and re-designated into 62,400,000 Series A convertible redeemable preference shares. The re-designation has resulted in a deemed dividend of $8,308,411 which represents the difference between the fair value of the Series A convertible redeemable preference shares at the date of re-designation of $0.15 and the initial issuance price of the ordinary shares of $0.05 for 10,000,000 shares and approximately $0.01 for 52,400.000 shares.
The holders of Series A convertible redeemable preference shares had the right to cause the Group to redeem such preference shares, at any time commencing on a Redemption Start Date, at the option of a majority of holders of Series A redeemable convertible preference shares at a redemption price per Series A convertible redeemable preference share equal to $0.06 plus all declared but unpaid dividends. Series A convertible redeemable preference shares could not have been redeemed until the Group had redeemed all of the Series B convertible redeemable preference shares and paid the aggregate Series B convertible redeemable preference shares redemption price in full.
c)On November 29, 2004, the Group issued 34,053,400 Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares to group of third party investors for cash proceeds of $17,415,000, net of issuance costs of $85,000. The holder of a Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference share could have redeemed Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares at any time after the earlier of (i) such time as the holders of a majority of the Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference share delivered notice in writing to the Group that the Group and/or its affiliates was in material breach of any of its representations, warranties and covenants under the Series C Purchase Agreement, the Shareholders Agreement or the Ancillary Documents (as defined in the Series C Purchase Agreement) so long as such notice was to have been delivered before December 31, 2006 and (ii) anytime following the fourth anniversary of the issuance of the Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference share under the Series C Purchase Agreement. In connection with the redemption of any Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference share, the Group was to pay a redemption price equal to the Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference share Issue Price of $0.51 plus all declared but unpaid dividends on the Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference share through to the date of redemption thereof.
F-31
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
d)On November 29, 2004, certain investors of Series A and/or Series B convertible redeemable preference shares sold 20,432,600 outstanding Series A convertible redeemable preference shares and 3,891,800 outstanding Series B convertible redeemable preference shares to Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares investors at a price of US$0.51. These Series A convertible redeemable preference shares and Series B convertible redeemable preference shares were re-designated as Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares. The re-designation resulted in a deemed dividend of $8,458,464 which represented the difference between the fair value of the Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares of $0.51 and the issuance price of Series A and Series B convertible redeemable preference shares of $0.15 and $0.24, respectively.
e)In December 2004, an investor of ordinary shares sold 9,729,600 outstanding ordinary shares to third party investors at a price of $0.51. These ordinary shares were re-designated as Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares. The re-designation resulted in a deemed dividend of $4,897,623 which represented the difference between the fair value of the Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares of $0.51 and the issuance price of ordinary shares of $0.01.
Prior to the redemption or conversion of all Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares issued by the Group, any holder of Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares thereof could have, at any time, required the Group to redeem such shares out of funds legally available therefore in connection with the redemption of any Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares under this Clause, the Group would have paid a redemption price equal to the Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares Issue Price of $0.51 plus all declared but unpaid dividends on the Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares through to the date of redemption thereof.
The significant terms of the Series A, Series B, Series C-1 and Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares are as follows:
Conversion
Each Series A and Series B convertible redeemable preference share was automatically convertible into one ordinary share at any time after the date of issuance of such shares, subject to anti-dilution or performance adjustment based on an initial conversion price of $0.15 and $0.24, respectively, upon the consummation of a Series A/ B Qualified Public Offering or obtaining the necessary written consent from the holders of Series A and Series B convertible redeemable preference shares. A Series A/B Qualified Public Offering referred to the closing of an underwritten public offering of the ordinary shares of the Group in the United States that was registered under the Securities Act of 1933 representing at least 25% of the fully-diluted share capital of the Group immediately following the offering, at a price per share that values the Group at no less than $200,000,000 immediately prior to the offering.
Each Series C-1 and Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference share was automatically convertible into one ordinary share at any time after the date of issuance of such shares, subject to anti-dilution or performance adjustment based on an initial conversion price of $0.51 and $0.51, respectively, upon the consummation of a Series C Qualified Public Offering or obtaining the necessary written consent from the holders of Series C-1 and Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares. A Series C Qualified Public Offering referred to the closing of an underwritten public offering of the ordinary shares of the Group in the United States that has been registered under the Securities Act of 1933 which represents at least 25% of the fully-diluted share capital of the Group immediately following the offering, at a price per share that values the Group at no less than $335,000,000 immediately prior to the offering.
The conversion price of Series A, Series B, Series C-1 and Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares was subject to adjustment for dilution, including but not limited to share splits, share dividends and recapitalization.
F-32
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
Additionally, the conversion price was to be adjusted for dilution in the following circumstances:
1) In the event that the Group issued additional ordinary shares at a price per share less than the then prevailing Series A, Series B and Series C convertible redeemable preference shares’ respective conversion price, the Series A, Series B and Series C convertible redeemable preference shares’ respective conversion price was to be reduced, concurrently with such issuance, to a price (calculated to the nearest cent) equal to the price per share at which such additional shares were to be issued.
2) If the Group’s financial results of 2004 and 2005 did not meet specified targets. Under the terms of the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association in April 2005, the performance-based adjustment was not triggered in 2004.
Voting Rights
Each Series A, Series B, Series C-1 and Series C-2 redeemable convertible preference share had voting rights equivalent to the number of shares of ordinary shares into which it was convertible.
Dividends
The holders of Series A, Series B, Series C-1 and Series C-2 redeemable convertible preference shares were to be entitled to receive out of any funds legally available therefore, when and if declared by the Board of Directors of the Group, dividends at the rate or in the amount as the Board of Directors considers appropriate.
Liquidation Preference
In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Group, as defined, the holders of Series A, Series B, Series C-1 and Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares were to receive $0.06 per share, $0.24 per share, $0.51 per share and $0.51 per share, respectively, plus all declared but unpaid dividends. Such amounts were to be adjusted for any share splits, share dividends and recapitalization.
In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Group caused by a “Trade Sale”, which is defined as any sales of shares, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction involving the Group in which its shareholders do not retain a majority of the voting power in the surviving entity, or a sale of all or substantially all the Group’s assets, the holder of Series B redeemable convertible preference shares were to receive the higher of (i) 200% of the original purchase price of the Series B preference shares, for each Series B redeemable convertible preference share outstanding or (ii) the amount the holder would have received if all of the Series B redeemable convertible preference shares held by such holder were to be converted to ordinary shares immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Group. According to the articles of association amended on November 29, 2004 (the “Modification Date”), the net settlement feature of the Series B convertible redeemable preference shares under trade sale was removed.
The embedded conversion option of Series B convertible redeemable preference shares has been recorded at its fair value of $1,179,689 and accounted for separately as an embedded conversion option. The Group has accounted for the derivative liability relating to the conversion option by adjusting the liability to its estimated fair value at each subsequent balance sheet date up to the Modification Date, with adjustments recorded as other income or expenses. In 2004, the Group adjusted the derivative liability to fair market value and recorded a change in fair value of the derivative liability of $11,692,287 in the consolidated statements of operations. The Group recorded a deemed dividend of $1,179,689 in 2004, which resulted from the accretion of the discount of Series B convertible redeemable preference shares. On the Modification Date, the Group has re-combined the fair value of the derivative liability of $12,871,976 with Series B convertible redeemable preference shares and subsequently recorded an accretion of premium of $12,906,774, which represented the difference of the carrying balance of Series B convertible redeemable preference shares at the Modification Date and its initial issuance date.
F-33
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
14. Ordinary Shares
(1) In April 2003 the Group issued 2,000,000 ordinary shares for cash proceeds of $1,625,000.
(2) In May 2003, the Board of Directors approved a share split of 100:1 of the ordinary shares which has been retroactively reflected in the Group’s financial statements.
(3) In April 2004, 62,400,000 outstanding ordinary shares were reclassified and redesignated into 62,400,000 Series A convertible redeemable preference shares.
(4) In September 2004, the Group issued 14,594,200 ordinary shares as partial consideration of the acquisition of Perfect Media (Note 3).
(5) In December 2004, 9,729,600 outstanding ordinary shares were sold and redesignated in 9,729,600 Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares.
(6) On May 31, 2005, shareholders of the Group approved a 200-for-1 split of the Company’s shares, with immediate effect. The 200-for-l share split of the Company’s shares has been retroactively applied to all periods presented.
(7) Upon initial public offering on July 13, 2005, the Group issued 77,575,000 ordinary shares, for US$1.7 per ordinary share, for total proceeds of US$118,174,130, net of offering expenses.
(8) On January 1, 2006, the Group issued 22,157,003 ordinary shares as partial consideration of the acquisition of Infoachieve (Note 3).
(9) On January 27, 2006, the Group issued 15,000,000 ordinary shares, for US$4.35 per ordinary share, for total proceeds of US$61,783,300, net of offering expenses.
(10) On February 28, 2006, the Group issued 77,000,000 ordinary shares as partial consideration of the acquisition of all the outstanding ordinary shares of Target Media (Note 3).
(11) On March 1, 2006, the Group issued 74,720 ordinary shares related to an acquisition (Note 3).
(12) On May 30, 2006, the Group issued 22,470 ordinary shares related to an acquistion (Note 3).
(13) On June 16, 2006, the Group issued 16,000,000 ordinary shares, for US$5.4 per ordinary share, for total proceeds of US$80,967,593, net of offering expenses.
(14) During the year ended December 31, 2006, the Group issued 26,336,680 ordinary shares pursuant to share-based compensation plans upon exercise of options.
15. Mainland China Contribution Plan and Profit Appropriation
Full time employees of the Group in the PRC participate in a government-mandated multiemployer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, unemployment insurance, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. PRC labor regulations require the Group to accrue for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total contribution for such employee benefits were $338,923, $619,831 and $2,326,895 for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
Pursuant to laws applicable to entities incorporated in the PRC, the Group subsidiaries in the PRC must make appropriations from after-tax profit to non-distributable reserve funds. These reserve funds include one or more of the following: (i) a general reserve, (ii) an enterprise expansion fund and (iii) a staff bonus and welfare fund. Subject to certain cumulative limits, the general reserve fund requires annual appropriations of 10% of after tax profit (as determined under accounting principles generally accepted in the PRC at each year-end) until such cumulative appropriation reaches 50% of the registered capital; the other fund appropriations are at the company’s discretion. These reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes of enterprise expansion and staff bonus and welfare and are not distributable as cash dividends. For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, the Group made total appropriations of $1,488,000, $98,729, and $650,851 respectively.
F-34
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
16. Commitments
Leases commitments
The Group has entered into certain leasing arrangements relating to the placement of the flat-panel television screens in various locations where the Group operates the networks and in connection with the lease of the Group’s office premises. Rental expense under operating leases for 2004, 2005 and 2006 were $3,648,829, $15,481,200 and $50,106,121, respectively.
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements were as follows:
| | | | |
| | For the year ended | |
| | December 31, | |
2007 | | $ | 48,156,647 | |
2008 | | | 32,515,865 | |
2009 | | | 19,871,379 | |
2010 | | | 8,933,276 | |
2011 and thereafter | | | 1,961,718 | |
| | | |
| | | | |
Total | | $ | 111,438,885 | |
| | | |
17. Segment Information
The Group is mainly engaged in operating an out-of-home advertising network in the PRC using flat-panel television advertising displays located in high traffic commercial locations and in-store areas. The Group also provides in-elevator poster frame advertising services and mobile handset advertising services.
The Group’s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), who reviews consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. The Group uses the management approach to determine the operating segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Group’s chief operating decision maker for making decisions, allocating resources and assessing the performance. The Group has four operating segments and determined that it has three reporting segments, which are out-of-home television advertising services (consists commercial location advertising network and in-store advertising network), in-elevator poster frames, and mobile handset advertising. The fourth operating segment did not meet the significance threshold for separate disclosure and has been classified in “other”. These segments all derive their revenues from the sale of advertising services.
The Group’s chief operating decision maker does not assign assets to these segments. Consequently, it is not practical to show assets by reportable segments. Prior to 2006, the Group only had a single operating segment, out-of-home television advertising services. The in-elevator poster frame advertising services, mobile handset advertising services and others segments were the result of acquisitions made in 2006.
The following table presents selected financial information relating to the Group’s segments for 2006:
F-35
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Out-of-home | | | In-elevator | | | Mobile | | | | | | | | | | |
| | television | | | poster frame | | | handset | | | | | | | | | | |
| | advertising | | | advertising | | | advertising | | | | | | | | | | |
| | services | | | services | | | services | | | Others | | | Elimination | | | Total | |
Net revenues — external | | $ | 160,210,414 | | | $ | 40,904,235 | | | $ | 10,100,965 | | | $ | 689,851 | | | | — | | | $ | 211,905,465 | |
Net revenues — intersegment | | | — | | | | 245,274 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (245,274 | ) | | | — | |
| | |
Total net revenues | | | 160,210,414 | | | | 41,149,509 | | | | 10,100,965 | | | | 689,851 | | | | (245,274 | ) | | | 211,905,465 | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of revenues — external | | | 60,948,103 | | | | 13,622,059 | | | | 6,051,846 | | | | 758,359 | | | | — | | | | 81,380,367 | |
Cost of revenues — intersegment | | | 245,274 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (245,274 | ) | | | — | |
| | |
Total cost of revenues | | | 61,193,377 | | | | 13,622,059 | | | | 6,051,846 | | | | 758,359 | | | | (245,274 | ) | | | 81,380,367 | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross profit (loss) | | | 99,017,037 | | | | 27,527,450 | | | | 4,049,119 | | | | (68,508 | ) | | | — | | | | 130,525,098 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 4,419,572 | | | | 123,740 | | | | 17,194 | | | | 292 | | | | — | | | | 4,560,798 | |
Interest expense | | | 304,294 | | | | 52 | | | | 941 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 305,287 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 15,008,162 | | | | 3,599,827 | | | | 843,896 | | | | 59,667 | | | | — | | | | 19,511,552 | |
Income taxes | | | 1,060,314 | | | | 103,434 | | | | (120,210 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,043,538 | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 61,447,995 | | | $ | 20,006,067 | | | $ | 2,222,970 | | | $ | (479,300 | ) | | | — | | | $ | 83,197,732 | |
Geographic Information
The Group operates in the PRC and all of the Group’s long lived assets are located in the PRC.
Major Customers
As of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, there were no customers who accounted for 10% or more of the Group’s net revenues or accounts receivables.
Major Service lines
The Group derives revenues from the following major service lines:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | | | | | % of | | | | | | | % of | | | | | | | % of | |
| | | | | | total | | | | | | | total | | | | | | | total | |
| | | | | | revenues | | | | | | | revenues | | | | | | | revenues | |
Net revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial location network | | $ | 26,321,179 | | | | 90.1 | % | | $ | 61,434,760 | | | | 90.0 | % | | $ | 131,371,292 | | | | 62.0 | % |
In-store network | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,468,919 | | | | 8.0 | % | | | 26,907,592 | | | | 12.7 | % |
Poster frame network | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 40,904,235 | | | | 19.3 | % |
Mobile Handset Advertising Network | | | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,100,965 | | | | 4.7 | % |
Movie theatres | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 689,851 | | | | 0.3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Advertising service revenue | | | 26,321,179 | | | | 90.1 | % | | | 66,903,679 | | | | 98.0 | % | | | 209,973,935 | | | | 99.0 | % |
Equipment revenue | | | 2,888,720 | | | | 9.9 | % | | | 1,325,234 | | | | 2.0 | % | | | 945,606 | | | | 0.5 | % |
Franchise revenue | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 985,924 | | | | 0.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total net revenues | | $ | 29,209,899 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 68,228,913 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 211,905,465 | | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-36
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
18. Related Party Transactions
Details of advertising service revenue from related parties for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Year ended December 31, | |
Name of related parties | | Director interested | | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Shanghai Everease Advertising & Communication Ltd. (“Everease”) | | Jason Nanchun Jiang | | $ | 1,302,331 | | | $ | 1,552,039 | | | $ | 7,764,977 | |
Multimedia Park Venture Capital | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 1,227,267 | | | | 2,330,945 | | | | 3,885,546 | |
Shanghai Jobwell Business Consulting Co., Ltd. | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 411,034 | | | | 1,050,258 | | | | 1,382,695 | |
Shanghai Wealove Wedding Service Co., Ltd. | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 372,488 | | | | 757,850 | | | | 1,122,945 | |
Shanghai Wealove Business Consulting Co., Ltd. | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | — | | | | — | | | | 671,488 | |
Shanghai Hetong Network Technology Co., Ltd. | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 361,371 | | | | 908,100 | | | | 982,527 | |
Shanghai Shengchu Advertising Agency Co., Ltd. | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | — | | | | 1,646,120 | | | | 3,230,040 | |
Beijing Sina Internet Information Services Co., Ltd. | | Charles Chao | | | — | | | | — | | | | 190,563 | |
Beijing Sohu New-age Information Technology Co., Ltd. | | Daqing Qi | | | — | | | | — | | | | 119,768 | |
Home-Inn Hotel Management (Beijing) Co., Ltd | | Neil Nanpeng Shen | | | — | | | | — | | | | 78,742 | |
Ctrip Travel Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | | Neil Nanpeng Shen | | | 48,287 | | | | 264,120 | | | | 178,933 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | $ | 3,722,778 | | | $ | 8,509,432 | | | $ | 19,608,224 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Details of amounts due from related parties as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | December 31, | |
Name of related parties | | Note | | Director interested | | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
Shanghai Everease Advertising & Communication Ltd. | | (a) | | Jason Nanchun Jiang | | $ | 1,259,138 | | | $ | 572,525 | | | $ | 6,331,549 | |
Multimedia Park Venture Capital | | (a) | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 690,212 | | | | 330,700 | | | | 12,705 | |
Shanghai Jobwell Business Consulting Ltd. | | (a) | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 275,971 | | | | 546,207 | | | | — | |
Shanghai Wealove Wedding Service Co., Ltd. | | (a) | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 251,556 | | | | 662,954 | | | | — | |
Shanghai Hetong Network Technology Co., Ltd. | | (a) | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | 263,155 | | | | 533,469 | | | | — | |
Shanghai Shengchu Advertising Agency Co., Ltd. | | (a) | | Jimmy Wei Yu | | | — | | | | 474,351 | | | | 403,889 | |
Home-Inn Hotel Management (Beijing) Co., Ltd | | (a) | | Neil Nanpeng Shen | | | — | | | | — | | | | 39,699 | |
David Yu | | (b) | | David Yu | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,064,947 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | $ | 2,740,032 | | | $ | 3,120,206 | | | $ | 7,852,789 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Note (a) — These amounts represent trade receivables for advertising services provided.
Note (b) — The amount represents a payment due from the ex-shareholder of Target Media for an indemnification of a contingent liability which arose after the acquisition. This amount was paid out in cash in 2007.
F-37
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
Details of amounts due to related parties as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | December 31, |
Name of related parties | | Note | | Director interested | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 |
Tan Zhi | | (c) | | Tan Zhi | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 345,768 | |
Note (c) — The amount represents the amount due to the president of Focus Media for operating funds of Framedia. The loan was non-interest bearing and was repayable within one year.
Other related party transactions
For each of the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, office rentals were paid to Multimedia Park Venture Capital amounting to $140,305, $395,083 and $476,902, respectively.
In 2006, Everease charged the Group $47,804 for providing administration services.
In March 2006, Weiqiang Jiang, father of Jason Nanchun Jiang, provided a short-term loan to the Group of approximately $2.5 million to relieve a temporary shortage of Renminbi the Group experienced at that time. The loan was unsecured and non-interesting bearing. At the end of June 2006, the Group paid $2.5 million to Everease and they remitted this fund to Weiqiang Jiang on our behalf to repay the loan outstanding.
F-38
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
19. Restricted Net Assets
Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Group’s PRC subsidiaries only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, PRC laws and regulations require that annual appropriations of 10% of after-tax income should be set aside prior to payment of dividends as a general reserve fund. As a result of these PRC laws and regulations, the Group’s PRC subsidiaries and PRC affiliates are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to Focus Media Holding in the form of dividends, loans or advances, which restricted portion amounted to approximately $223,386,461 as of December 31, 2006.
20. Subsequent Event
In January and February 2007, the Group acquired five companies which provide in-elevator poster frame advertising services. The purchase consideration for each of these five entities is contingent upon the achievement of certain earning targets over the next one to three fiscal years. The Group made an advance payment of $6.2 million, which will be deducted from the contingent purchase price consideration.
In March 2007, the Group acquired five companies which provide mobile handset advertising services. The purchase consideration for each of these five entities is contingent upon the achievement of certain earnings target over the next 12 months to 25 months. The Group made an advance payment of $8.7 million, which will be deducted from the contingent purchase price consideration.
In March 2007, the Group acquired a billboard advertising company. The purchase consideration is contingent upon the operating results over the next three years. The Group made an advance payment of $3 million, which will be deducted from the contingent purchase price consideration.
In March 2007, the Group completed the acquisition of Allyes Information Technology Company Limited, or Allyes, a Cayman Islands company, which operates an Internet advertising marketing agency and technology services company through its PRC affiliated entities. Allyes is the largest Internet advertising agency and provider of Internet advertising technology in China. The purchase price consideration was $70 million in cash and 19,969,080 ordinary shares having a fair value of $154,281,112, or $7.726per ordinary share. Framedia achieved certain earnings targets for the year ended December 31, 2006 and, as a result, on June 15, 2007 the Group issued 35,830,622 ordinary shares as additional purchase consideration. The fair value of the ordinary shares was based on the average market price of Focus Media Holding’s common shares over the three days before, the day of and three days after the terms of the acquisition were agreed to and announced. Additional consideration of 9,662,458 ordinary shares is issuable, contingent upon Allyes meeting certain earnings targets during the twelve month period from April 1, 2007 to March 31, 2008.
The aggregate purchase price, excluding contingent consideration, of $224,698,474 consisted of the following:
| | | | |
Cash consideration | | $ | 70,000,000 | |
Other acquisition costs | | | 417,362 | |
Value of the ordinary shares issued | | | 154,281,112 | |
| | | |
Total consideration | | $ | 224,698,474 | |
| | | |
F-39
The purchase price has been preliminarily allocated as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Amortization | |
| | | | | | period | |
Net tangible assets acquired | | $ | 25,415,921 | | | | | |
Intangible assets: | | | | | | | | |
Acquired technology | | | 11,832,000 | | | 6 years |
Customer relationship | | | 10,249,000 | | | 7 years |
Other | | | 2,373,729 | | | 1-7 years |
Goodwill | | | 171,664,220 | | | | N/A | |
| | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 224,698,474 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
In the second quarter of 2007, the Group completed acquisitions of eight companies which primarily provide mobile handset advertising, Internet advertising and outdoor billboard advertising services, for an aggregate purchase considerations of approximately US$7.5 million plus additional consideration contingent upon the achievement of certain earnings targets over the next one to three fiscal years. The Group also made an advance payment of US$16.3 million, which will be deducted from the contingent purchase price consideration.
In June 2007, the Group issued 35,830,619 ordinary shares as additional purchase consideration to ex-shareholders of Framedia because it achieved certain earnings targets for the year ended December 31, 2006.
In June 2007, the Group issued 1,500,000 ordinary shares as additional purchase consideration to ex-shareholders of Dotad because it has met its earning targets in the first year it was acquired.
F-40
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
Appendix 1
Subsidiaries of Focus Media Holding Limited
The following table sets forth information concerning our direct subsidiaries:
| | | | | | |
| | Place of | | Percentage |
Subsidiary | | Incorporation | | of ownership |
Focus Media (China) Holding Ltd. | | Hong Kong | | | 100 | % |
Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 100 | % |
| | British Virgin Islands | | | | |
Perfect Media Holding Ltd. | | (“BVI”) | | | 100 | % |
Focus Media Qingdao Holding Ltd. | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Focus Media Dalian Holding Ltd. | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Focus Media Changsha Holding Ltd. | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Focus Media Digital Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 100 | % |
New Focus Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 100 | % |
Sorfari Holdings Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Focus Media Tianjin Limited | | BVI | | | 80 | % |
Capital Beyond Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Shanghai New Focus Media Advertisement Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 90 | % |
Shanghai New Focus Media Agency Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 90 | % |
Shanghai Focus Media Defeng Advertisement Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 90 | % |
Shanghai Focus Media Baiwang Advertising Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 70 | % |
Shanghai Focus Media Xiangkun Advertising Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 70 | % |
Infoachieve Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Shanghai Framedia Investment Consultation Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 100 | % |
Target Media Holdings Limited | | Cayman Islands | | | 100 | % |
Target Media Multi-Media Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | | 100 | % |
Dotad Holdings Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
ProfitBest Worldwide Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Wiseglobal Investments Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Summitworld Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Newking Investment Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Surge Zhenghe Holding Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Speedaccess Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Peakbright Group Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Homesky Investment Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Bestwin Partners Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Glomedia Holdings Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Appreciate Capital Ltd. | | BVI | | | 70 | % |
Richcrest Pacific Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Wealthstar Holdings Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Highmark Asia Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Plentiworth Investment Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Directwealth Holdings Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Better off Investments Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Topstart Holdings Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Vast Well Development Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
Crownsky Limited | | BVI | | | 100 | % |
F-41
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
Appendix 1
Subsidiaries of Focus Media Advertisement
The following table sets forth information concerning Focus Media Advertisement’s subsidiaries each of which is incorporated in China:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Focus Media | | | | |
| | Advertisement’s | | | | |
| | Ownership | | Region of | | |
| | Percentage | | Operations | | Primary Business |
Shanghai Focus Media Advertising Co., Ltd. | | | 90.0% | (1) | | Shanghai | | Advertising agency |
|
Shanghai Perfect Media Advertising Agency Co., Ltd. | | | 90.0% | (1) | | Shanghai | | Advertising company that operates advertising services network on shoe-shining machines |
|
Qingdao Fukesi Advertisement Co., Ltd. | | | 90.0% | (1) | | Qingdao | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Changsha Focus Media Shiji Advertisement Co., Ltd. | | | 90.0% | (1) | | Changsha | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Dalian Focus Media Advertising Co., Ltd. | | | 90.0% | (1) | | Dalian | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Shanghai Qianjian Advertising Co., Ltd. | | | 90.0% | (1) | | Shanghai | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network in banking locations |
|
Guangzhou Framedia Advertising Company Ltd. | | | 90.0% | (1) | | Guangzhou | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network |
|
Zhuhai Focus Media Culture and Communication Company Ltd. | | | 90.0% | (1) | | Zhuhai | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Shanghai Focus Media Digital Information Technology Co., Ltd. | | | 10% | (3) | | Shanghai | | Technical and business consultancy |
|
Shenzhen Bianjie Building Advertisement Co., Ltd. | | | 90.0% | (2) | | Shenzhen | | Operation and maintenance of frame advertising network |
|
Hebei Tianma Weiye Advertising Company Ltd. | | | 90.0% | (2) | | Hebei | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
F-42
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
Appendix 1
Subsidiaries of Focus Media Advertisement (continued)
| | | | | | |
| | Focus Media | | | | |
| | Advertisement’s | | | | |
| | Ownership | | Region of | | |
| | Percentage | | Operations | | Primary Business |
Xiamen Focus Media Advertising Company Ltd. | | 90.0% (2) | | Xiamen | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Sichuan Focus Media Advertising Communications Co., Ltd. | | 90.0% (3) | | Chengdu | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network |
|
Shanghai New Structure Advertisement Co., Ltd. | | 90.0% (2) | | Shanghai | | Technical and business consultancy for poster frame network |
|
Shanghai Framedia Advertising Development Co., Ltd. | | 90.0% (2) | | Shanghai | | Operation and maintenance of advertising poster frame network |
|
Guangzhou Shiji Shenghuo Advertisement Co., Ltd. | | 90.0% (2) | | Guangzhou | | Operation and maintenance of advertising poster frame network |
|
Hefei Fukesi Advertising Co. Ltd. | | 90.0% (2) | | Hefei | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Jinan Focus Media Advertising Co., Ltd. | | 90.0% (2) | | Jinan | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Shenzhen E-Times Consulting Co., Ltd. | | 90.0% (2) | | Shenzhen | | Operation and maintenance of advertising poster frame network |
|
Shanghai Target Media Co., Ltd. | | 90.0% (2) | | Shanghai | | Dormant (Former operation and maintenance of Target Media’s out-of-home television advertising network) |
|
Shenyang Target Media Ltd. | | 90.0% (2) | | Shenyang | | Dormant (Former operation and maintenance of Target Media’s out-of-home television advertising network) |
|
Fuzhou Hengding United Media Ltd. | | 90.0% (2) | | Fuzhou | | Dormant (Former operation and maintenance of Target Media’s out-of-home television advertising network) |
F-43
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
Appendix 1
Subsidiaries of Focus Media Advertisement (continued)
| | | | | | |
| | Focus Media | | | | |
| | Advertisement’s | | | | |
| | Ownership | | Region of | | |
| | Percentage | | Operations | | Primary Business |
Beijing Focus Media Wireless Co., Ltd. | | 90.0% (2) | | Beijing | | Operation of mobile handset advertising service network |
|
|
Guangzhou Feisha Advertisement Co., Ltd. | | 90.0% (2) | | Guangzhou | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
|
DongGuan Focus Media Advertisement & Communications Co., Ltd. | | 90.0% (2) | | Dongguan | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
|
Shanghai FengJing Advertisement & Communications Co., Ltd. | | 95.0% (2) | | Shanghai | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
F-44
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
Appendix 1
Subsidiaries of Focus Media Advertisement (continued)
| | | | | | |
| | Focus Media | | | | |
| | Advertisement’s | | | | |
| | Ownership | | Region of | | |
| | Percentage | | Operations | | Primary Business |
|
Zhengzhou Focus Media Advertisement & Communications Co., Ltd. | | 85.0% (2) | | Zhengzhou | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
|
Shijiazhuang Focus Media HuiHuang Business Advertisement Co., Ltd. | | 90.0% (2) | | Shijiazhuang | | Operation and maintenance of advertising poster frame network |
|
|
Nanjing Focus Media Advertising Co., Ltd. | | 90.0% (3) | | Nanjing | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Yunnan Focus Media Co., Ltd. | | 89.5% (2) | | Kunming | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Tianjin Focus Tongsheng Advertising Company Ltd. | | 80.0% (2) | | Tianjin | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Zhejiang Ruihong Focus Media Advertising Communications Co., Ltd. | | 80.0% (2) | | Hangzhou | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Wuhan Geshi Focus Media Advertising Co., Ltd. | | 75.0% (2) | | Wuhan | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Xian Focus Media Advertising & Information Company Ltd. | | 70.0% (3) | | Xian | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Shenyang Focus Media Advertising Co., Ltd. | | 70.0% (3) | | Shenyang | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Fuzhou Focus Media Advertising Co., Ltd. | | 70.0% (3) | | Fuzhou | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
Chongqing Geyang Focus Media Culture & Broadcasting Co., Ltd. | | 60.0% (2) | | Chongqing | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
F-45
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2005 AND 2006
(In U.S. dollars except share data and unless otherwise stated)
Appendix 1
Subsidiaries of Focus Media Advertisement (continued)
| | | | | | | | |
| | Focus Media | | | | |
| | Advertisement’s | | | | |
| | Ownership | | Region of | | |
| | Percentage | | Operations | | Primary Business |
|
Shanghai On-Target Advertisement Co., Ltd. | | | 60.0% | (3) | | Shanghai | | Advertising agency |
|
|
Shanghai Jiefang Focus Media Advertisement & Communications Co., Ltd. | | | 70.0% | (3) | | Shanghai | | Operation and maintenance of out-of-home television advertising network (former regional distributor) |
|
|
City Billboard (BeiJing) Advertisement Co., Ltd. | | | 75.0% | (3) | | BeiJing | | Advertising agency |
|
|
BeiJing YangShiSanWei Advertisement Co., Ltd. | | | 70.0% | (3) | | BeiJing | | Advertising agency |
| | |
(1) | | The remaining equity interest is held by Jimmy Wei Yu as our nominee holder. |
|
(2) | | The remaining equity interest is held by Focus Media Advertising Agency. |
|
(3) | | The remaining equity interest in this entity is owned by unrelated third parties. |
|
(4) | | The remaining equity interest in this entity is owned by Focus Media Digital. |
F-46
Additional Information – Financial Statement Schedule 1
FOCUS MEDIA HOLDING LIMITED
These financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
Financial information of parent company
BALANCE SHEETS
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | December 31, | | | | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In U.S. Dollars, except share data) | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 37,483,101 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | — | | | | 121,482 | | | | 151,257 | |
Amounts due from related parties | | | 25,072,466 | | | | 94,813,430 | | | | 94,949,887 | |
Acquired intangible assets, net | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,323,076 | |
Investments in subsidiaries and affiliates | | | 23,806,034 | | | | 96,877,616 | | | | 925,981,259 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 48,878,500 | | | $ | 191,812,528 | | | $ | 1,064,888,580 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders’ equity (deficiency) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | | 1,178,545 | | | | 397,877 | | | | 14,144,589 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total current liabilities | | | 1,178,545 | | | | 397,877 | | | | 14,144,589 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mezzanine equity | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Series A convertible redeemable preference shares ($0.00005 par value; 41,967,400 shares authorized and 41,967,400, nil and nil shares issued and outstanding in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively) | | | 6,295,110 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Series B convertible redeemable preference shares ($0.00005 par value; 48,191,600 shares authorized and 48,191,600, nil and nil shares issued and outstanding in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively) | | | 12,062,696 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares ($0.00005 par value; 34,054,000 shares authorized and 34,054,000, nil and nil shares issued and outstanding in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively) | | | 17,500,350 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares ($0.00005 par value; 34,053,400 shares authorized and 34,053,400, nil and nil shares issued and outstanding in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively) | | | 17,415,000 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Shareholders’ equity (deficiency) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ordinary shares ($0.00005 par value; 885,516,600, 19,800,000,000 and 19,800,000,000 shares authorized in 2004, 2005 and 2006; 142,464,600, 378,306,000 and 534,896,873 shares issued and outstanding in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively) | | | 7,124 | | | | 18,916 | | | | 26,745 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 5,981,154 | | | | 177,419,761 | | | | 709,196,246 | |
Acquisition consideration to be issued | | | — | | | | — | | | | 237,879,480 | |
Deferred share-based compensation | | | (969,959 | ) | | | (246,569 | ) | | | — | |
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) | | | (10,550,414 | ) | | | 12,997,237 | | | | 96,194,969 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | | | (41,106 | ) | | | 1,225,306 | | | | 7,446,551 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total shareholders’ equity (deficiency) | | $ | (5,573,201 | ) | | $ | 191,414,651 | | | $ | 1,050,743,991 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders’ equity (deficiency) | | $ | 48,878,500 | | | $ | 191,812,528 | | | $ | 1,064,888,580 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
F-47
Financial Information of parent company
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In U.S. dollars) | |
Net revenues: | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 719,978 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of revenues: | | | — | | | | — | | | | 146,943 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross profit | | | — | | | | — | | | | 573,035 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
General and administrative | | | 461,183 | | | | 1,300,511 | | | | 7,894,125 | |
Selling and marketing | | | 27,528 | | | | 43,317 | | | | 2,090,387 | |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | | | — | | | | — | | | | 79,377 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | 488,711 | | | | 1,343,828 | | | | 10,063,889 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss from operations | | | (488,711 | ) | | | (1,343,828 | ) | | | (9,490,854 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | — | | | | — | | | | 791,669 | |
Other expense | | | — | | | | (7,339 | ) | | | (44,755 | ) |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries and equity affiliates | | | 12,553,750 | | | | 24,898,818 | | | | 91,941,672 | |
Change in fair value of derivative liability associated with Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (11,692,287 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 372,752 | | | | 23,547,651 | | | | 83,197,732 | |
Income tax expenses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | | 372,752 | | | | 23,547,651 | | | | 83,197,732 | |
Deemed dividend on Series A convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (8,308,411 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (2,191,442 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (13,356,087 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Premium of Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 12,906,774 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares | | $ | (10,576,414 | ) | | $ | 23,547,651 | | | $ | 83,197,732 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
F-48
Financial Information of parent company
STATEMENTS OF CASHFLOWS
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31 | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In U.S. dollars) | |
Operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares | | $ | (10,576,414 | ) | | $ | 23,547,651 | | | $ | 83,197,732 | |
Deemed dividend on Series A convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 8,308,411 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 2,191,442 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series C-1 convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 13,356,087 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Premium relating to Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | (12,906,774 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | | 372,752 | | | | 23,547,651 | | | | 83,197,732 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Share-based compensation | | | 488,711 | | | | 726,503 | | | | 8,367,406 | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | | | | | | | | | 80,039 | |
Change in fair value of derivative liability associated with Series B convertible redeemable preference shares | | | 11,692,287 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Equity in earning of subsidiaries | | | (12,553,750 | ) | | | (24,898,818 | ) | | | (91,941,672 | ) |
Changes in assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | — | | | | (121,482 | ) | | | (29,775 | ) |
Amounts due from related parties | | | (23,915,404 | ) | | | (69,740,965 | ) | | | (136,456 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | | 1,178,545 | | | | (780,665 | ) | | | 9,239,041 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in operating activities | | $ | (22,736,859 | ) | | $ | (71,267,776 | ) | | $ | 8,776,315 | |
| | | �� | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investments in subsidiaries and affiliates | | | (6,741,485 | ) | | | (8,208,870 | ) | | | (124,508,517 | ) |
Deposit paid to acquire subsidiaries | | | — | | | | (40,919,530 | ) | | | (696,228 | ) |
Purchase of intangibles | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,225,161 | ) |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | $ | (6,741,485 | ) | | $ | (49,128,400 | ) | | $ | (128,429,906 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
|
Financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares | | | — | | | | 118,174,130 | | | | 142,750,893 | |
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to stock option plans | | | — | | | | — | | | | 15,247,561 | |
Proceeds from issuance of Series B convertible redeemable preference shares (net of issuance costs of $437,304) | | | 12,062,696 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Proceeds from issuance of Series C-2 convertible redeemable preference shares (net of issuance costs of $85,000) | | | 17,415,000 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | $ | 29,477,696 | | | $ | 118,174,130 | | | $ | 157,998,454 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Effect of exchange rate changes | | | 648 | | | | 2,222,046 | | | | (861,762 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | — | | | | — | | | | 37,483,101 | |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 37,483,101 | |
| | |
F-49