Share-based Payment Arrangement [Text Block] | 4. The Company’s 2018 “2018 July 2018. 2018 2018 January 1 2028, December 31, On January 1, 2019, 2018 January 1, 2020, 2018 2018 September 30, 2020, 2018 The 2018 2016 2004 2016 2004 2018 2016 2004 2016 2004 2016 2004 not 2018 September 30, 2020, 2016 2004 2016 2004 Stock-Based Compensation Valuation and Expense The Company accounts for its employee stock-based compensation plans using the fair value method. The fair value method requires the Company to estimate the grant-date fair value of its stock-based awards and amortize this fair value to compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term. The fair value of each option grant is estimated using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. For restricted stock units (“RSUs”), the grant-date fair value is based upon the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. This fair value is then amortized to compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term. The Company recorded the following share-based compensation expense: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, By Expense Category: 2020 2019 2020 2019 Research and development $ 292,386 $ 238,920 $ 853,704 $ 679,875 General and administrative 788,614 591,582 2,094,378 1,859,419 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 1,081,000 $ 830,502 $ 2,948,082 $ 2,539,294 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, By Type of Award: 2020 2019 2020 2019 Stock Options $ 1,044,991 $ 808,153 $ 2,843,409 $ 2,424,654 Restricted stock awards 36,009 22,349 104,673 114,640 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 1,081,000 $ 830,502 $ 2,948,082 $ 2,539,294 The following table summarizes the unamortized compensation expense and the remaining years over which such expense would be expected to be recognized, on a weighted average basis, by type of award: As of September 30, 2020 Unamortized Expense Weighted Average Remaining Recognition Period (Years) Stock Options $ 7,000,498 2.53 Restricted Stock Units $ 443,913 3.38 Stock Options The following table summarizes the assumptions used for estimating the fair value of stock options granted under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model during: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 2019 Expected dividend yield —% —% Risk-free interest rate 0.40% - 1.60% 1.44% - 2.54% Expected Volatility 87% - 90% 83% - 85% Expected life (years) 6.32 6.04 As a result of using these assumptions in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, the weighted average fair value for options granted during the nine September 30, 2020 2019 The following describes each of these assumptions and the Company’s methodology for determining each assumption: Expected Dividend Yield The dividend yield percentage is zero because the Company neither currently pays dividends nor intends to do so during the expected option term. Risk-Free Interest Rate The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve approximating the term of the expected life of the award in effect on the date of grant. Expected Volatility Expected stock price volatility is based on a weighted average of several peer public companies and the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock during the period for which it has traded since the initial public offering. For purposes of identifying peer companies, the Company considered characteristics such as industry, length of trading history and similar vesting terms. Expected Life The expected life represents the period the awards are expected to be outstanding. The Company’s historical share option exercise experience does not The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity during the nine September 30, 2020: Number of Weighted Weighted Aggregate Outstanding as of December 31, 2019 2,052,976 $ 9.33 Granted 963,191 $ 5.63 Exercised (22,351 ) $ 3.30 Cancelled (424,454 ) $ 8.11 Outstanding as of September 30, 2020 2,569,362 $ 8.20 7.20 $ 1,030,161 Exercisable as of September 30, 2020 1,274,181 $ 8.34 5.55 $ 444,747 Vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 2020 2,392,942 $ 8.26 7.05 $ 901,226 The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options in the table above represents the difference between the $4.92 closing price of the Company’s common stock as of September 30, 2020 Restricted Stock Unit Awards During the nine September 30, 2020, four A summary of nonvested RSU awards outstanding as of September 30, 2020 nine Number of RSUs Weighted Grant-Date Fair Value (per RSU) Nonvested as of December 31, 2019 7,493 $ 28.87 Granted 138,614 3.32 Vested (2,107 ) 28.87 Forfeited (39,102 ) 3.31 Nonvested as of September 30, 2020 104,898 $ 4.63 Employee Stock Purchase Plan On May 8, 2019, 2019 September 30, 2020, six March September September 3, 2019. During the Company’s first September 1, 2019 February 28, 2020, 85% February 28, 2020, second March 1, 2020 August 31, 2020, August 31, 2020, |