UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to .
Commission File Number: 001-33050
CBRE REALTY FINANCE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| | |
Maryland | | 30-0314655 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
185 Asylum Street, 31st Floor, Hartford, Connecticut 06103
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(860) 275-6200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES x NO ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ¨ NO x
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value, was 30,830,725 as of November 13, 2007.
CBRE REALTY FINANCE, INC.
INDEX
i
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. | Consolidated Financial Statements |
CBRE REALTY FINANCE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in thousands, except per share and share data)
| | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2007 (Unaudited) | | | December 31, 2006 (Audited) | |
Assets: | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 25,501 | | | $ | 17,933 | |
Restricted cash | | | 84,148 | | | | 59,520 | |
Loans and other lending investments, net | | | 1,509,495 | | | | 1,090,874 | |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities, at fair value | | | 264,832 | | | | 222,333 | |
Real estate, net | | | 83,414 | | | | 66,277 | |
Assets held for development | | | 134,573 | | | | — | |
Investment in joint ventures | | | 54,029 | | | | 41,046 | |
Derivative assets | | | 177 | | | | 373 | |
Accrued interest | | | 10,175 | | | | 6,656 | |
Other assets | | | 40,651 | | | | 17,677 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 2,206,995 | | | $ | 1,522,689 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity: | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Bonds payable | | $ | 1,337,500 | | | $ | 508,500 | |
Repurchase obligations | | | 217,180 | | | | 433,438 | |
Mortgage payable | | | 193,046 | | | | 52,194 | |
Note payable | | | 22,352 | | | | — | |
Derivative liabilities | | | 11,741 | | | | 7,549 | |
Management fee payable | | | 594 | | | | 712 | |
Dividends payable | | | 5,244 | | | | 5,814 | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 19,175 | | | | 4,739 | |
Other liabilities | | | 56,427 | | | | 47,060 | |
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures held by trusts that issued trust preferred securities | | | 50,000 | | | | 50,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 1,913,259 | | | | 1,110,006 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Commitments and contingencies | | | — | | | | — | |
Minority interest | | | 684 | | | | 813 | |
Stockholders’ Equity: | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively | | | — | | | | — | |
Common stock par value $.01 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 30,846,842 and 30,601,142 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively | | | 308 | | | | 306 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 421,680 | | | | 420,986 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (49,891 | ) | | | (1,469 | ) |
Accumulated deficit | | | (79,045 | ) | | | (7,953 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total stockholders’ equity | | | 293,052 | | | | 411,870 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 2,206,995 | | | $ | 1,522,689 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
1
CBRE REALTY FINANCE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
(Amounts in thousands, except per share and share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 | | | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2006 | | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 | | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment income | | $ | 38,285 | | | $ | 18,109 | | | $ | 93,516 | | | $ | 42,017 | |
Property operating income | | | 2,273 | | | | 1,705 | | | | 5,972 | | | | 3,802 | |
Other income | | | 561 | | | | 877 | | | | 3,599 | | | | 2,602 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 41,119 | | | | 20,691 | | | | 103,087 | | | | 48,421 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense, net | | | 27,510 | | | | 13,273 | | | | 68,444 | | | | 27,940 | |
Management fees | | | 1,911 | | | | 1,595 | | | | 6,001 | | | | 4,444 | |
Property operating expenses | | | 1,759 | | | | 858 | | | | 3,913 | | | | 1,734 | |
Other general and administrative (including ($328), $950, $696 and $2,779, respectively of stock-based compensation) | | | 1,766 | | | | 2,441 | | | | 6,603 | | | | 6,925 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 680 | | | | 487 | | | | 1,969 | | | | 1,165 | |
Loss on impairment of asset | | | 54,729 | | | | — | | | | 62,493 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 88,355 | | | | 18,654 | | | | 149,423 | | | | 42,208 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gain (loss) on sale of investment | | | (213 | ) | | | 410 | | | | (500 | ) | | | 258 | |
Gain (loss) on derivatives | | | (1,599 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (1,766 | ) | | | 3,634 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures | | | (49,048 | ) | | | 2,446 | | | | (48,602 | ) | | | 10,105 | |
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures | | | (941 | ) | | | (187 | ) | | | (4,451 | ) | | | 50 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) before minority interest | | | (49,989 | ) | | | 2,259 | | | | (53,053 | ) | | | 10,155 | |
Minority interest | | | (30 | ) | | | (20 | ) | | | (110 | ) | | | (41 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (49,959 | ) | | $ | 2,279 | | | $ | (52,943 | ) | | $ | 10,196 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 30,377,704 | | | | 20,484,286 | | | | 30,252,514 | | | | 20,177,897 | |
Diluted | | | 30,377,704 | | | | 20,579,115 | | | | 30,252,514 | | | | 20,313,795 | |
Earnings (loss) per share of common stock: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | (1.64 | ) | | $ | 0.11 | | | $ | (1.75 | ) | | $ | 0.51 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted | | $ | (1.64 | ) | | $ | 0.11 | | | $ | (1.75 | ) | | $ | 0.50 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends declared per share of common stock: | | $ | 0.17 | | | $ | 0.28 | | | $ | 0.59 | | | $ | 0.63 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
2
CBRE REALTY FINANCE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common Stock | | Additional Paid In-Capital | | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | | | Accumulated Deficit | | | Total | | | Comprehensive Loss | |
| Shares | | | Par Value | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2006 | | 30,601,142 | | | $ | 306 | | $ | 420,986 | | | $ | (1,469 | ) | | $ | (7,953 | ) | | $ | 411,870 | | | $ | — | |
Issuance of restricted shares of common stock | | 265,200 | | | | 2 | | | (2 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Stock based compensation | | — | | | | — | | | 696 | | | | — | | | | | | | | 696 | | | | — | |
Net loss | | — | | | | — | | | — | | | | — | | | | (52,943 | ) | | | (52,943 | ) | | | (52,943 | ) |
Net unrealized loss on available for sale securities | | — | | | | — | | | — | | | | (36,596 | ) | | | — | | | | (36,596 | ) | | | (36,596 | ) |
Net unrealized loss on derivatives | | — | | | | — | | | — | | | | (11,826 | ) | | | — | | | | (11,826 | ) | | | (11,826 | ) |
Cash dividends declared or paid | | — | | | | — | | | — | | | | — | | | | (18,149 | ) | | | (18,149 | ) | | | — | |
Forfeitures of common stock awards | | (19,500 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at September 30, 2007 | | 30,846,842 | | | $ | 308 | | $ | 421,680 | | | $ | (49,891 | ) | | $ | (79,045 | ) | | $ | 293,052 | | | $ | (101,365 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
3
CBRE REALTY FINANCE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(Amounts in thousands)
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 | | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 | |
Operating activities | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (52,943 | ) | | $ | 10,196 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Equity in net (income) loss of unconsolidated joint ventures | | | 4,450 | | | | (50 | ) |
Premium (discount) amortization, net | | | (126 | ) | | | 1,027 | |
Other amortization | | | 2,221 | | | | 732 | |
Depreciation | | | 1,328 | | | | 690 | |
Stock-based compensation | | | 696 | | | | 2,779 | |
Loss on impairment of originated loan | | | 7,764 | | | | — | |
Loss on impairment of assets held for development | | | 46,764 | | | | — | |
Loss on impairment of real estate held | | | 7,965 | | | | — | |
Realized (gain) loss on sale of investment | | | 500 | | | | (258 | ) |
Realized (gain) loss on derivatives | | | 1,677 | | | | (3,658 | ) |
Unrealized gains on derivatives | | | 89 | | | | 25 | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Restricted cash | | | 487 | | | | (241 | ) |
Accrued interest | | | (3,519 | ) | | | (1,730 | ) |
Other assets | | | 2,205 | | | | 198 | |
Management fee payable | | | (117 | ) | | | 108 | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 2,107 | | | | 455 | |
Other liabilities | | | 443 | | | | (1,787 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 21,991 | | | | 8,486 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Investing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Purchase of available for sale securities | | | (91,238 | ) | | | (107,649 | ) |
Repayments of commercial mortgage-backed securities principal | | | 9,081 | | | | 1,497 | |
Proceeds from sale of available for sale securities | | | 4,085 | | | | 4,807 | |
Origination and purchase of loans | | | (676,516 | ) | | | (615,653 | ) |
Repayments of loan principal | | | 97,961 | | | | 63,682 | |
Proceeds from sale of loans | | | 91,715 | | | | 44,642 | |
Acquisition of assets held for development | | | (5,502 | ) | | | — | |
Real estate acquisition | | | (1,331 | ) | | | (33,061 | ) |
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures | | | (17,376 | ) | | | (41,499 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents from acquired investments | | | 73 | | | | — | |
Restricted cash | | | (28,288 | ) | | | (49,491 | ) |
Other assets | | | (12,131 | ) | | | — | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 387 | | | | — | |
Other liabilities | | | 8,205 | | | | 30,920 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (620,875 | ) | | | (701,805 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Financing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Initial public offering costs | | | — | | | | (308 | ) |
Proceeds from issuance of collateralized debt obligations | | | 829,000 | | | | 508,500 | |
Proceeds from borrowings under repurchase agreements | | | 481,194 | | | | 540,511 | |
Repayments of borrowings from repurchase agreements | | | (697,452 | ) | | | (433,551 | ) |
Proceeds from issuance of trust preferred securities | | | — | | | | 50,000 | |
Proceeds from mortgage loans | | | 663 | | | | 24,502 | |
Proceeds from note payable | | | 23,000 | | | | — | |
Repayments of note payable | | | (647 | ) | | | — | |
Proceeds from settlement of derivatives | | | — | | | | 6,501 | |
Payments towards settlement of derivatives | | | (8,044 | ) | | | — | |
Deferred financing and acquisition costs paid | | | (14,754 | ) | | | (10,492 | ) |
Restricted cash | | | 4,408 | | | | (5,430 | ) |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 1,481 | | | | — | |
Minority interest | | | (129 | ) | | | 422 | |
Dividends paid to common stockholders | | | (12,268 | ) | | | (9,914 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 606,452 | | | | 670,741 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 7,568 | | | | (22,578 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period | | | 17,933 | | | | 49,377 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | | $ | 25,501 | | | $ | 26,799 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information | | | | | | | | |
Interest paid | | $ | 62,090 | | | $ | 29,597 | |
Income taxes paid | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Interest capitalized | | $ | 1,291 | | | $ | — | |
Foreclosed assets assumed | | $ | 203,142 | | | $ | — | |
Foreclosed liabilities assumed | | $ | 151,542 | | | $ | — | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
4
CBRE REALTY FINANCE, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2007
(Dollars in thousands, except per share and share data)
NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION
CBRE Realty Finance, Inc. (the “Company”) was organized in Maryland on May 10, 2005 as a commercial real estate specialty finance company focused on originating, acquiring, investing in, financing and managing a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate related loans and securities, including whole loans, bridge loans, subordinate interests in whole loans, or B Notes, commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), and mezzanine loans primarily in the United States. The Company also owns interests in eight joint venture assets, two of which are consolidated in the consolidated financial statements and owns two direct real estate development projects as a result of the foreclosure of two mezzanine loans. The Company commenced operations on June 9, 2005. The Company is a holding company that conducts its business through wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries.
The Company is externally managed and advised by CBRE Realty Finance Management, LLC (the “Manager”), an indirect subsidiary of CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc. (“CBRE”), and a direct subsidiary of CBRE/Melody & Company (“CBRE/Melody”). As of September 30, 2007, CBRE/Melody owned an approximately 4.5% interest in the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock. In addition, certain of the Company’s executive officers and directors directly owned an approximately 2.7% interest in the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock.
The Company has elected to qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U. S. federal income tax purposes commencing with the Company’s taxable year ended December 31, 2005. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of income that is distributed to stockholders if at least 90% of the Company’s REIT taxable income is distributed to the Company’s stockholders. The Company conducts its operations so as to not be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).
As of September 30, 2007, the net carrying value of investments held by the Company was approximately $1,800,000, including origination costs and fees and net of repayments and sales of partial interests in loans and CMBS, with a weighted average spread to 30-day LIBOR of 320 basis points for the Company’s floating rate investments and a weighted average yield of 7.04% for the Company’s fixed rate investments.
Given the recent volatility in the capital markets, the Company is not entering into new investments in the near-term. The current credit market environment is unstable and the Company continues to review and analyze the impact on potential avenues of liquidity. The Company is considering plans to restart its lending program and will resume origination activities when it is comfortable with the expected pricing of, and have reasonable access to, capital both in the debt and equity markets that will enable the Company to achieve its growth objectives. The Company is considering several equity and debt capital raising options.
On September 30, 2007, the Company had approximately $25,500 of cash and cash equivalents available. The Company continues to have attractive long-term financing in place through the CDO bonds payable, supporting the existing portfolio of assets. As a result of volatility in the capital markets, the resulting reduced liquidity, and the fact that the Company is not making new investments in the near-term, the Company elected to repay and close its repurchase facility with Deutsche Bank and has been aggressively reducing amounts outstanding under its repurchase facility with Wachovia.
Liquidity is a measurement of the Company’s ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund loans and other investments, pay dividends, fund debt service and for other general business needs. The Company’s primary sources of funds for short-term liquidity, including working capital, distributions and additional investments consists of (i) cash flow from operations; (ii) proceeds from its existing CDOs; (iii) proceeds from principal payments on its investments; (iv) proceeds from potential loan and asset sales; (v) proceeds from potential joint ventures; and to a lesser extent (vi) .new financings or additional securitization or CDO offerings and (vii) proceeds from additional common or preferred equity offerings or offerings of trust preferred securities. The Company believes these sources of funds will be sufficient to meet its liquidity requirements.
Due to recent market turbulence, the Company does not anticipate having the ability over at least the next fiscal quarter to access equity capital through the public markets or debt capital through warehouse lines, new CDO issuances, or new trust preferred issuances. Therefore, it will rely on cash flows from operations, principal payments on its investments, and proceeds from potential joint ventures and asset and loan sales to satisfy these requirements. If the Company (i) is unable to renew, replace or expand its sources of financing on substantially similar terms, (ii) is unable to execute asset and loan sales on time or to receive anticipated proceeds there from, (iii) fully utilizes available cash or (iv) is unable to secure a joint venture on favorable terms or at all, it may have an adverse effect on its business, results of operations and ability to make distributions to its stockholders.
The Company’s current and future borrowings may require it, among other restrictive covenants, to keep uninvested cash on hand, to maintain a certain portion of its assets free from liens and to secure such borrowings with its assets. These conditions would limit the Company’s ability to do further borrowings. If the Company is unable to make required payments under such borrowings, breaches any representation or warranty in the loan documents or violates any covenant contained in a loan document, its lenders may accelerate the maturity of its debt or require it to pledge more collateral. If the Company is unable to pay off its borrowings in such a situation, (i) the Company may need to prematurely sell the assets securing such debt, (ii) the lenders could accelerate the debt and foreclose on the Company’s assets that are pledged as collateral to such lenders, (iii) such lenders could force us into bankruptcy, or (iv) such lenders could force the Company to take other acts as to protect the value of their collateral. Any such event would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity and the value of its common stock.
5
NOTE 2—BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U. S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2007. The consolidated financial statements include the Company’s accounts and those of the Company’s subsidiaries, which are wholly-owned or controlled by the Company or entities which are variable interest entities (“VIE”) in which the Company is the primary beneficiary under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 46R “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46R”). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
NOTE 3—SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Reserve for Possible Credit Losses and Impairment of Loans
The Company periodically evaluates each of its loans and other investments for possible impairment. Loans and other investments are considered to be impaired, for financial reporting purposes, when it is deemed probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the original agreements, or for loans purchased at a discount for credit quality, when the Company determines that it is probable that it will be unable to collect as anticipated. Significant judgment is required both in determining impairment and in estimating the resulting loss allowance. If it is determined that an investment is impaired, the Company records the investment at its fair value if such value is less than the carrying value. Changes in market conditions, as well as changes in the assumptions or methodology used to determine fair value, could result in a significant change in the recorded amount in the Company’s investment.
Specific valuation allowances are established for impaired loans based on the fair value of collateral on an individual loan basis. If upon completion of the valuation, the fair value of the underlying collateral securing the impaired loan or other investment is less than the net carrying value of the loan or other investment, an allowance is created with a corresponding charge to the provision for loan losses. The allowance for each loan or other investment is maintained at a level the Company believes is adequate to absorb probable losses. Actual losses may differ from the Company’s estimates.
Assets Held for Development
Assets held for development consists of the cost of acquisition and development of Rodgers Forge and Monterey properties. In addition to direct building, land and renovation costs, assets held for development also includes interest costs, real estate taxes and direct overhead related to the projects. Costs are capitalized as assets held for development beginning with the commencement of the project and ending with the completion of units within the project. Assets held for development is reduced by any rental or other incidental income recognized during the development period.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company evaluates potential impairments of long-lived assets, including assets held for development and real estate, in accordance with FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” or SFAS 144. SFAS 144 establishes procedures for the review of recoverability and measurement of impairment, if necessary, of long-lived assets held and used by an entity. SFAS 144 requires that assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. The Company would be required to recognize an impairment loss if the carrying amount of long-lived assets is not recoverable based on their undiscounted cash flows. The measurement of impairment loss is then based on the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset. Fair value may be determined by (i) independent appraisal, (ii) internal company models, (iii) market bids or (iv) a combination of these methods. If actual results are not consistent with the Company’s assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values, the Company may be exposed to impairment losses that could be material to the results of operations.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2007, the AICPA issued Statement of Position 07-1, (“SOP 07-1”), “Clarification of the Scope of the Audit and Accounting Guide Investment Companies and Accounting by Parent Companies and Equity Method Investors for Investments in Investment Companies.” SOP 07-1 expands the scope of the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide, “Investment Companies” (the “Guide”) beyond entities regulated by the Investment Company Act of 1940, such that legal entities whose business purpose and activity are investing in multiple substantive investments for current income, capital appreciation, or both, with investment plans that include exit strategies may be required to apply the Guide which would have been effective for the Company’s fiscal year 2008. On October 17. 2007, the FASB voted to indefinitely defer the required adoption of this standard and to add to the FASB’s technical agenda consideration of amending certain provisions of SOP 07-01. The Company has not evaluated the effect, if any, that this pronouncement would have on the Company’s presentation if the standard is ultimately made effective.
6
NOTE 4—FORECLOSED ASSETS
Accounting for Foreclosed Assets
The two foreclosed assets are the Monterey property in Bethesda, Maryland and the Rodgers Forge in Towson, Maryland. The Company foreclosed on the Monterey property, a 434-unit condominium conversion project, on May 9, 2007 and took immediate control. The Company foreclosed on Rodgers Forge, a 508-unit condominium conversion project on May 4, 2007 and took control on June 19, 2007 after court ratification awarded it legal control of the property. From the date of the foreclosures through September 30, 2007, the Company funded $9,327 in connection with the foreclosed assets to cure defaults of senior debt, pay real estate taxes, pay assumed liens and pay for attorney and appraisal services related to the foreclosures.
The following table sets forth the estimated fair values of the assets and the liabilities assumed:
| | | | |
| | Estimated Fair Market Value | |
Tangible assets acquired: | | | | |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | | $ | 1,309 | |
Assets under development and real estate | | | 201,318 | |
Other assets | | | 514 | |
Liabilities assumed: | | | | |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | | | (10,462 | ) |
Mortgages payable | | | (140,188 | ) |
Other liabilities | | | (892 | ) |
| | | | |
Total net assets acquired | | $ | 51,599 | |
| | | | |
The allocation of the purchase price continues to be subject to adjustment upon final valuation of certain acquired assets and liabilities. The results of operations of the properties are included in the income statement from the date of foreclosure in May 2007 through September 30, 2007. Had the acquisitions occurred on January 1, 2006, there would not have been a material impact on the results of operations on a pro forma basis. No material intangible assets were identified in the foreclosures.
Impairment of Foreclosed Assets
In May 2007, the Company foreclosed on its subordinated mortgage on the Rodgers Forge property. Rodgers Forge was an apartment to condominium conversion project that was under development at the time of foreclosure. After taking control and possession of Rodgers Forge, management evaluated which use of the underlying property would maximize returns to shareholders and performed studies on the cost to complete development efforts and the demand for rental property and completed condominium units. Based on the results of these studies and analysis, management concluded the highest and best use for the project was both as an apartment and condominium conversion and estimated the fair market value of the development project using a discounted cash flow analysis. Management’s decision at the time of foreclosure, with construction of the project already underway, was based on a relatively strong market for condominiums at the time. The results of the valuation indicated that the estimated fair market value of the Rodgers Forge property on the date of foreclosure approximated the carrying value of $58,653.
Also in May 2007, the Company foreclosed on a 100% interest in Montrose Investment Holdings, LLC (“Montrose”) which was held as collateral for one of the Company’s mezzanine loans. Montrose has title to the Monterey property, an apartment to condominium conversion project that was under development at the time of foreclosure. At the time of foreclosure, with construction of the project already underway and a relatively strong market for condominiums at the time, management concluded that completion of the project as a condominium conversion was the most appropriate course of action at the time. After taking control and possession of the Monterey property, management determined the fair value of the Monterey property based on various factors, including the use of the underlying property that management thought would maximize returns to shareholders, the delay in development activities as a result of a claim by the Montgomery County Housing Authority and studies on the cost to complete development efforts and the demand for completed condominium units and a redeveloped rental property. Based on the results of this analysis, management concluded the highest and best use of the project was as a condominium conversion and estimated that the fair market value of the net assets received on the date of foreclosure was approximately $133,200, which was less than the carrying value on the date of foreclosure of $141,000. The deficit was driven by various factors, including the delay in development due to the Montgomery County Housing Authority issue and sales efforts on the project, an increase in secured liens assumed by the previous owner and an increase in the estimated costs to complete the project. As a result, the Company concluded that the foreclosure event triggered an impairment of $7,800 which was recorded in the consolidated statements of income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2007.
During the three months ended September 30, 2007, there was significant deterioration in the Baltimore area and metropolitan DC area condominium markets as well as a severe dislocation of the capital markets precipitated by the sub prime lending crisis. As a result of these events, management determined that their original business plans to convert the Rodgers Forge and Monterey properties to condominiums were no longer viable and that the properties may be impaired. Based on the Company’s estimate of future undiscounted cash flows as apartment properties, the carrying amounts of the Rodgers Forge and Monterey properties were no longer fully recoverable. Impairment losses of $17,700 and $37,000, respectively, on the Rodgers Forge and Monterey properties were determined based on the difference between the carrying values of the assets and their estimated fair market values. The estimated fair market values were based on discounted cash flow projections which assumed the properties are sold when stabilized and are supported by third party offers to purchase the Rodgers Forge property and an independent third party appraisal for the Monterey property.
Risk Management
Foreclosed Assets
The two foreclosed assets are the Monterey property in Bethesda, Maryland and the Rodgers Forge in Towson, Maryland. We foreclosed on the Monterey property, a 434-unit condominium conversion project, on May 9, 2007 and took immediate control. We foreclosed on Rodgers Forge, a 508-unit condominium conversion project, on May 4, 2007 and took control on June 19, 2007 after court ratification awarded it legal control of the property. From the date of foreclosure through September 30, 2007, we funded $9,300 to foreclosed assets to cure defaults of senior debt, pay real estate taxes, pay assumed liens and pay for attorney and appraisal services related to the foreclosures.
After favorably resolving an outstanding dispute with the Montgomery County Housing Authority on August 20, 2007, we began moving forward with development efforts to stabilize the Monterey property. The severe dislocation in the capital markets and the significant deterioration of the metropolitan DC condominium markets during the three months ended September 30, 2007 made the previously stated business plan to convert the Monterey asset to condominiums no longer viable in the opinion of management. We did an extensive valuation on the asset as a rental project and concluded the additional cost of financing the development would not be an appropriate use of capital at this time. As such, we wrote down our entire $37,000 of carrying value for the three months ended September 30, 2007. We plan on continuing discussions with the senior lender over the next course of actions, if any, regarding this asset.
During the three months ended September 30, 2007, the severe dislocation in the capital markets and the significant deterioration of the Baltimore area condominium markets made us reconsider our original business strategy to continue development and stabilization the property. Through this evaluation process we began widely marketing the Rodgers Forge project for sale to gauge potential interest. Subsequent to September 30, 2007, we received several bids from qualified and interested third parties that we are actively pursuing. We are reviewing final offers and expect a transaction to close within the first quarter of 2008, although there can be no guarantee that such a sale will occur within this time frame, or at all.
7
NOTE 5—LOANS AND OTHER LENDING INVESTMENTS, NET
The aggregate carrying values allocated by product type and weighted average coupons of the Company’s loans and other lending investments as of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Carrying Value (1) ($ in thousands) | | Allocation by Investment Type | | | Fixed Rate: Average Yield | | | Floating Rate: Average Spread over LIBOR (2) |
| 2007 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | 2006 |
Whole loans(3), fixed rate | | $ | 631,626 | | $ | 581,520 | | 42 | % | | 53 | % | | 6.51 | % | | 6.37 | % | | — | | — |
Whole loans(3), floating rate | | | 301,623 | | | 147,846 | | 20 | % | | 14 | % | | — | | | — | | | 208bps | | 227bps |
Mezzanine loans, fixed rate | | | 74,589 | | | 111,402 | | 5 | % | | 10 | % | | 9.51 | % | | 8.52 | % | | — | | — |
Mezzanine loans, floating rate | | | 237,446 | | | 99,452 | | 16 | % | | 9 | % | | — | | | — | | | 490bps | | 453bps |
Subordinate interests in whole loans, fixed rate | | | 110,297 | | | 40,869 | | 7 | % | | 4 | % | | 9.12 | % | | 9.19 | % | | — | | — |
Subordinate interests in whole loans, floating rate | | | 153,914 | | | 109,785 | | 10 | % | | 10 | % | | — | | | — | | | 331bps | | 429bps |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total / Average | | $ | 1,509,495 | | $ | 1,090,874 | | 100 | % | | 100 | % | | 7.05 | % | | 6.85 | % | | 332bps | | 352bps |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Loans and other lending investments are presented after scheduled amortization payments and prepayments, and are gross of premiums, unamortized fees, and net of discounts |
(2) | Benchmark rate is 30-day LIBOR. |
(3) | Includes originated whole loans, acquired whole loans and bridge loans. |
The carrying value of the Company’s loans and other lending investments is gross of premiums, unamortized fees, and net of discounts of $(444) and $6,369 at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.
The Company has identified one mezzanine loan as of September 30, 2007, as a variable interest in a VIE and has determined that the Company is not the primary beneficiary of this VIE and as such the VIE should not be consolidated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. As of September 30, 2007, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss would not exceed the carrying amount of this investment, or $42,830.
Watch List Assets
The Company conducts a quarterly comprehensive credit review, resulting in an individual risk classification being assigned to each asset. This review is designed to enable management to evaluate and proactively manage asset-specific credit issues and identify credit trends on a portfolio-wide basis as an “early warning system.” As of September 30, 2007, the Company had one watch list asset with a carrying value of $21,000 related to a loan where the senior debt had been placed in special servicing. In October, this loan was repaid in full.
Subsequent to September 30, 2007, one $42,800 B-Note representing 2.3% of the carrying value of the Company’s investment portfolio, was moved onto its internal watch list. The $42,800 B-Note was extended for 60-days in the fourth quarter and the sponsor funded an additional $156,000 of cash equity to enhance his position as he completes refinancing of the project. The Company’s investment is secured by a class A parcel of land in New York City and there is currently $200,000 of equity behind the Company’s position. As a result of the significant collateral value of the loan, the Company believes the loan is fully recoverable.
Non-Performing Loans
Non-performing loans include all loans on non-accrual status. The Company transfers loans to non-accrual status at such time as: (1) management determines the borrower is incapable of curing, or has ceased efforts towards curing the cause of a default; (2) the loan becomes 90 days delinquent; (3) the loan has a maturity default; or (4) the net realizable value of the loan’s underlying collateral approximates the Company’s carrying value of such loan. Interest income is recognized only upon actual cash receipt for loans on non-accrual status. As of September 30, 2007, there were no non-performing loans.
Geographic Concentration Risk
At September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company’s loan and other lending investments (excluding CMBS) had the following geographic diversification, as defined by the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries, or NCREIF:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Region | | September 30, 2007 | | | December 31, 2006 | |
| Carrying Value | | % of Total | | | Carrying Value | | % of Total | |
West | | $ | 703,774 | | 47 | % | | $ | 418,284 | | 38 | % |
East | | | 456,569 | | 30 | % | | | 302,313 | | 28 | % |
South | | | 154,733 | | 10 | % | | | 234,012 | | 21 | % |
Midwest | | | 105,040 | | 7 | % | | | 86,563 | | 8 | % |
Nationwide | | | 89,379 | | 6 | % | | | 49,702 | | 5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,509,495 | | 100 | % | | $ | 1,090,874 | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
8
NOTE 6—CMBS
The following table summarizes the Company’s CMBS investments, aggregated by investment category, as of September 30, 2007, which are carried at estimated fair value:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Security Description | | Amortized Cost | | Unrealized Gains | | Unrealized Losses | | | Estimated Fair Value |
CMBS Class BBB | | $ | 219,887 | | $ | 12 | | $ | (25,350 | ) | | $ | 194,549 |
CMBS Class BB | | | 48,614 | | | — | | | (5,036 | ) | | | 43,578 |
CMBS Class B | | | 26,597 | | | 93 | | | (1,849 | ) | | | 24,841 |
CMBS Class NR | | | 2,785 | | | — | | | (921 | ) | | | 1,864 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total securities available-for-sale | | $ | 297,883 | | $ | 105 | | $ | (33,156 | ) | | $ | 264,832 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table summarizes the Company’s CMBS investments, aggregated by investment category, as of December 31, 2006, which are carried at estimated fair value:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Security Description | | Amortized Cost | | Unrealized Gains | | Unrealized Losses | | | Estimated Fair Value |
CMBS Class BBB | | $ | 135,693 | | $ | 2,617 | | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | 138,309 |
CMBS Class BB | | | 54,039 | | | 865 | | | (275 | ) | | | 54,629 |
CMBS Class B | | | 26,350 | | | 440 | | | (83 | ) | | | 26,707 |
CMBS Class NR | | | 2,708 | | | — | | | (20 | ) | | | 2,688 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total securities available-for-sale | | $ | 218,790 | | $ | 3,922 | | $ | (379 | ) | | $ | 222,333 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The Company has 64 CMBS investments that are in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2007, five of which have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months. The unrealized loss of the five CMBS investments in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months is $882 and the unrealized loss of the 59 CMBS investments that have been in a continuous loss position for less than twelve months is $32,274, as of September 30, 2007. The Company had four CMBS investments in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months as of December 31, 2006. The Company’s review of such securities indicates that the decrease in fair value was not due to permanent changes in the underlying credit fundamentals or in the amount of cash flows expected to be received. The Company believes the unrealized losses are primarily the results of changes in market interest rates subsequent to the purchase of the CMBS investments. Therefore, management does not believe any of the securities held are other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2007. The Company expects to hold all the investments until their expected maturity.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2007, the Company sold one CMBS investment, compared to none during the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The Company received net proceeds of $4,085 that generated a realized loss of $287.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, the Company accreted $443, $1,309, $325 and $675 of net discount for these securities in interest income, respectively.
The actual maturities of CMBS are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities. Actual maturities of these securities are affected by the contractual lives of the underlying assets, periodic payments of principal, and prepayments of principal.
The following table summarizes the estimated maturities of the Company’s CMBS investments as of September 30, 2007 according to their estimated weighted average life classifications:
| | | | | | | | | |
Weighted Average Life | | Estimated Fair Value | | Amortized Cost | | Weighted Average Coupon | |
Less than one year | | $ | 31,176 | | $ | 32,105 | | 7.47 | % |
Greater than one year and less than five years | | | 54,681 | | | 56,901 | | 6.90 | % |
Greater than five years and less than ten years | | | 157,274 | | | 182,043 | | 5.69 | % |
Greater than ten years | | | 21,701 | | | 26,834 | | 5.72 | % |
The following table summarizes the estimated maturities of the Company’s CMBS investments as of December 31, 2006 according to their estimated weighted average life classifications:
| | | | | | | | | |
Weighted Average Life | | Estimated Fair Value | | Amortized Cost | | Weighted Average Coupon | |
Greater than one year and less than five years | | $ | 81,950 | | $ | 81,426 | | 7.28 | % |
Greater than five years and less than ten years | | | 117,505 | | | 114,904 | | 5.70 | % |
Greater than ten years | | | 22,878 | | | 22,460 | | 5.57 | % |
The weighted average lives of the Company’s CMBS investments at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively, in the tables above are based upon calculations assuming constant principal prepayment rates to the balloon or reset date for each security.
9
NOTE 7—REPURCHASE OBLIGATIONS, MORTGAGE PAYABLE AND CDO BONDS PAYABLE
The following is a table of the Company’s outstanding borrowings as of September 30, 2007:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Stated Maturity | | Interest Rate | | | Balance 9/30/07 |
Mortgage note payable (Springhouse joint venture investment) (1) (2) | | 12/14/2008 | | 6.87 | % | | $ | 25,729 |
Mortgage note payable (Loch Raven join venture investment) (1) (2) | | 4/1/2009 | | 5.96 | % | | | 27,128 |
Mortgage note payable (Rodgers Forge) (1) | | 4/16/2009 | | 8.25 | % | | | 36,303 |
Mortgage note payable (Monterey) (1) | | 2/1/2008 | | 8.38 | % | | | 103,886 |
Wachovia Warehouse Facility | | 8/24/2009 | | 6.85 | % | | | 217,180 |
CDO I bonds payable | | 3/25/2046 | | 5.64 | % | | | 508,500 |
CDO II bonds payable | | 4/7/2052 | | 6.20 | % | | | 829,000 |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | $ | 1,747,726 |
| | | | | | | | |
(1) | Non-recourse to the Company. |
(2) | The joint venture interest for these properties are consolidated in the Company’s financial statements. |
Mortgage Notes Payable
On December 14, 2005, Springhouse, one of the Company’s consolidated joint venture investments, obtained a $26,175 mortgage loan in conjunction with the acquisition of real estate located in Prince George’s County, Maryland. The loan is guaranteed by Bozzuto, the Company’s joint venture partner, matures on December 14, 2008, and bears interest at 30-day LIBOR plus 1.75%. As of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively, the outstanding balance was $25,729 and $25,610.
On March 28, 2006, Loch Raven, one of the Company’s consolidated joint venture investments, obtained a $29,170 mortgage loan in conjunction with the acquisition of real estate located in Baltimore, Maryland. The loan is guaranteed by Bozzuto, the Company’s joint venture partner, matures on April 1, 2009, and bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.96%. As of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively, the outstanding balance was $27,128 and $26,584.
On May 4, 2007, the Company assumed the $36,303 mortgage loan in conjunction with the Rodgers Forge foreclosure. As of September 30, 2007, the Company is in technical default of certain covenants in this loan. The Company has notified the lender of such technical defaults. As of the date hereof, the lender has not taken any formal or informal action in respect thereof. The loan matures on April 16, 2009 and bears interest equal to one-half of one percent (0.50%) above the Prime Rate. As of September 30, 2007, the outstanding balance was $36,303.
On May 9, 2007, the Company assumed the $103,886 mortgage loan in conjunction with the Monterey foreclosure. As of September 30, 2007, the Company is in technical default of certain covenants in this loan. The Company has notified the lender of such technical defaults. As of the date hereof, the lender has not taken any formal or informal action in respect thereof. The loan matures on February 1, 2008 and bears interest at six-month LIBOR plus 3.25%. As of September 30, 2007, the outstanding balance was $103,886.
In November 2007, the Company halted making interest payments to the senior lender of Monterey. While the Company is in the process of negotiating a restructuring of the first mortgage with the senior lender, the senior lender could foreclose on its position.
Warehouse Facilities
DB Warehouse Facility
The Company has a $400,000 master repurchase agreement which had an initial repurchase date of August 29, 2006. On August 6, 2007, the master repurchase agreement was amended to change the repurchase date to September 5, 2007. On September 5, 2007, the Company entered into an amendment to its master repurchase agreement with Deutsche Bank to amend the final repurchase date to September 28, 2007 at which point the master repurchase agreement would terminate. On September 28, 2007, the outstanding borrowings under the master repurchase agreement were paid in full and the agreement was terminated.
Bank of America Warehouse Facilities
In January and February 2006, the Company entered into two facilities with Banc of America Securities, LLC and Bank of America, N.A. (the “Bank of America Warehouse Facilities”) that provided $450,000 of aggregate borrowing capacity. These facilities were terminated on April 2, 2007.
Wachovia Warehouse Facility
In August 2006, the Company entered into a master repurchase agreement with Wachovia that provided $300,000 of aggregate borrowing capacity. On December 15, 2006 and February 8, 2007, the aggregate borrowing capacity was increased to $500,000 and $700,000, respectively, and the increase period expired on April 2, 2007. After the expiration of the increase period the maximum borrowing capacity was $300,000. On June 29, 2007, the aggregate borrowing capacity was increased to $400,000 and the increase period will expire on December 31, 2007. After the expiration of the increase period, the maximum borrowing capacity will be $300,000. The Wachovia Warehouse Facility has an initial fixed repurchase date of August 24, 2009, which may be extended for a period not to exceed 364 days upon the Company’s written request to the buyer at least 30 days, but no more than 60 days, prior to the initial repurchase date, if (i) no default or event of default (as defined in the repurchase agreement) has occurred or continuing and (ii) upon the Company’s payment to Wachovia of a certain extension fee. Based on the Company’s investment activities, this facility provides for an advance between 50% and 95% based upon the collateral provided under a borrowing based calculation. Advances under this facility bear interest only, which is reset monthly, with a range of pricing spreads from 20 to 200 basis points over 30-day LIBOR. This facility previously financed the Company’s origination or acquisition of whole loans, subordinate mortgage interests and CMBS. As of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the outstanding balance under this facility was approximately $217,180 and $361,798, respectively, with a weighted average borrowing rate of 6.85% and 6.03%, respectively. On April 2, 2007, in conjunction with the second CDO transaction, the Company paid off $517,701 of the outstanding debt. The Company does not expect to make any further borrowings under this facility. The borrowings under this facility were collateralized by the following investments (dollars in thousands):
10
| | | | | |
Investment Type | | Number of Investments | | Carrying Value |
Whole Loans | | 5 | | $ | 169,842 |
Subordinated Debt | | 2 | | $ | 46,100 |
Mezzanine Loans | | 3 | | $ | 75,000 |
CMBS | | 1 | | $ | 4,318 |
The Wachovia Warehouse Facility contains certain covenants, the most material of which are requirements that the Company maintain a minimum consolidated tangible net worth of no less than the sum of $250,000 and 75% of the net proceeds of the issuance of any capital stock of any class, a ratio of total consolidated total indebtedness to consolidated total assets not to exceed 0.80 to 1.0, minimum consolidated liquidity of not less than $15,000 and consolidated interest coverage ratio not less than 1.4 to 1.0. On November 9, 2007, the Company received from Wachovia a one-time waiver of three financial covenants which the Company was not in compliance with as of September 30, 2007: (i) the Company is required to have a ratio of total consolidated indebtedness to consolidated total assets not to exceed 0.80 to 1, (ii) the Company is required to have a consolidated interest coverage ratio of not less than 1.4 to 1.0 and (iii) the Company may not incur standard trade payables in excess of $500. The Company was in compliance with all other covenants and conditions as of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006.
On August 6, 2007, the Company received a margin deficit notice from Wachovia stating that a margin deficit under a master repurchase agreement with Wachovia exists, and demanding that the Company transfer approximately $26.7 million to Wachovia in immediately available funds. The margin deficit was settled in full in August 2007 and the Company has made no further borrowings under the Wachovia master repurchase agreement.
CDO Bonds Payable
On March 28, 2006, the Company closed its first CDO issuance (“CDO I”) and retained the entire BB rated J Class with a face amount of $24,000 for $19,200, retained the entire B-rated K Class with a face amount of $20,250 for $14,150 and also retained the non-rated common and preferred shares of CDO I, which issued the CDO bonds with a face amount of $47,250 for $51,740. The Company issued and sold CDO bonds with a face amount of $508,500 in a private placement to third parties. The proceeds of the CDO issuance were used to repay substantially all of the outstanding principal balance of the Company’s two warehouse facilities with an affiliate of Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. of $343,556 and all of the outstanding principal balance of the Bank of America Warehouse Facilities of $16,250 at closing. The CDO bonds are collateralized by real estate debt investments, consisting of B Notes, mezzanine loans, whole loans and CMBS investments, which is recorded in the Company’s unaudited consolidated balance sheet in restricted cash at September 30, 2007. The Company’s Manager will act as the collateral manager for the Company’s CDO subsidiary but will not receive any fees in connection therewith. CDO I is not a qualified special purpose entity (“QSPE”) as defined under FASB Statement No. 140, (“SFAS 140”) “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities” due to certain permitted activities of CDO I that are not consistent with activities of a QSPE permitted under SFAS 140, such as having the ability to sell impaired securities and acquire replacement securities with the proceeds at the discretion of the collateral administrator. CDO I is consolidated in the financial statements of the Company and the Company has accounted for the CDO I transaction as a financing. The collateral assets that the Company transferred to CDO I are reflected in the Company’s balance sheet. The bonds issued to third parties are reflected as debt on the Company’s balance sheet at September 30, 2007. As of September 30, 2007, CDO bonds of $508,500 were outstanding, with a weighted average interest rate of 5.64%.
In March 2007, Wachovia, acted as the exclusive structurer and placement agent with respect to the Company’s second CDO transaction (“CDO II”) totaling $1,000,000, which priced on March 2, 2007, and closed on April 2, 2007. The Company sold $880,000 of bonds with an average cost of 90-day LIBOR plus 40.6 basis points and retained 100% of the equity interests in the Company’s CDO subsidiary that issued the CDO notes consisting of preferred and common shares. The notes issued by the Company’s CDO subsidiary are secured initially by a portfolio of whole loans, B Notes, mezzanine loans and CMBS. The Company’s Manager will act as the collateral manager for the Company’s CDO subsidiary but will not receive any fees in connection therewith. The Company is the advancing agent in connection with the issuance of the CDO notes. CDO II is not a QSPE as defined under SFAS 140 due to certain permitted activities of CDO II that are not consistent with activities of a QSPE permitted under SFAS 140, such as having the ability to sell impaired securities and acquire replacement securities with the proceeds at the discretion of the collateral administrator. CDO II will be consolidated in the financial statements of the Company and the Company will account for the CDO II transaction as a financing. The collateral assets that the Company transferred to CDO II are reflected in the Company’s balance sheet. The bonds issued to third parties are reflected as debt on the Company’s balance sheet at September 30, 2007. In connection with the CDO II transaction, the Company terminated 24 and partially unwound five effective cash flow hedges, or interest rate swaps, with a total notional amount of $398,383. A total termination value of approximately $8,045 was paid to the Company’s counterparties on April 2, 2007. Additionally, the Company entered into 15 interest rate swaps and three basis swaps with aggregate notional amounts of approximately $622,957 and $235,053, respectively. As of September 30, 2007, CDO bonds of $829,000 were outstanding, with a weighted average interest rate of 6.20%. As of September 30, 2007, the Company had a $75,000 revolver available with $51,000 of borrowings outstanding and $24,000 of remaining capacity. The revolver is available to fund short-term liquidity requirements of the CDO.
Accounting Treatment for Certain Investments Financed with Repurchase Agreements
The Company has certain CMBS and loan investments (the “collateral assets”) purchased from a counterparty that are financed through a repurchase agreement with the same counterparty. The Company believes that in accordance with FASB Concept Statement No. 6, (“CON 6”) “Elements of Financial Statements,” it is entitled to obtain the future economic benefits of the collateral assets and it is obligated under the repurchase agreement. Therefore, the Company currently records the collateral assets and the related financing gross on its balance sheet, and the corresponding interest income and interest expense gross on its income statement. In addition, any change in fair value of the commercial mortgage backed securities included in the collateral assets, is reported through other comprehensive income since these are classified as available for sale securities in accordance with FASB Statement No. 115, (“SFAS 115”) “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.”
However, an alternative view could be taken that in a transaction where assets are acquired from and financed under a repurchase agreement with the same counterparty, the acquisition may not qualify as a sale from the sellers’ perspective. In such a case, the seller may be required to continue to consolidate the assets sold to the Company. Under this view, the Company would be precluded from presenting the assets gross on its balance sheet and would instead treat its net investment in such assets as a derivative. Under this view, the interest rate swaps entered into by the Company to hedge its interest rate exposure with respect to these transactions would no longer qualify for hedge accounting, but would be marked to market through the income statement. The FASB is currently discussing this issue and has issued draft FASB Staff Position 140-d “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions.”
This potential change would not affect the economics of the transactions but would affect how the transactions are reported in the Company’s financial statements. If the Company were to apply this view to its transactions, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and year ended December 31, 2006, the change in net income per common share (common and diluted) would be immaterial and its total assets and total liabilities would each be reduced by $7,900 and $14,854, respectively.
11
NOTE 8—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
The Company currently is neither subject to any material litigation nor, to management’s knowledge, is any material litigation currently threatened against the Company, except for the matter described in Note 15.
Unfunded Commitments
The Company currently has unfunded commitments to fund loan advances and joint venture equity contributions. The table below summarizes the Company’s unfunded commitments as of September 30, 2007.
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Total Commitment Amount | | Current Funded Amount | | Total Unfunded Commitments |
Loans | | $ | 424,798 | | $ | 367,969 | | $ | 56,829 |
Joint Venture Equity | | | 78,116 | | | 76,768 | | | 1,348 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 502,914 | | $ | 444,737 | | $ | 58,177 |
Approximately $53,358 of the unfunded commitments above will be funded through restricted cash or the Company’s CDO revolver.
NOTE 9—RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Management Agreement
The Company’s Management Agreement provides for an initial term through December 2008 and will automatically renew for a one-year term each anniversary date thereafter, subject to certain termination rights. After the initial term, the Company’s independent directors will review the Manager’s performance annually and the Management Agreement may be terminated subject to certain termination rights. The Company’s executive officers and directors own approximately 17.3% of the Manager.
The Company pays the Manager a base management fee monthly in arrears in an amount equal to 1/12 of the sum of (i) 2.0% of the Company’s gross stockholders’ equity (as defined in the Management Agreement) of the first $400,000 of the Company’s equity; and (ii) 1.75% of the Company’s equity in an amount in excess of $400,000 and up to $800,000; and (iii) 1.5% of the Company’s equity in excess of $800,000. The Manager uses the proceeds from its management fee in part to pay compensation to its officers and employees who, notwithstanding that certain of them also are the Company’s officers, receive no cash compensation directly from the Company. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, the Company paid $1,997, $6,115, $1,522 and $4,369 to the Manager for the base management fee under this agreement. As of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively, $573 and $686 of management fees were accrued.
In addition to the base management fee, the Manager may receive quarterly incentive compensation. The purpose of the incentive compensation is to provide an additional incentive for the Manager to achieve targeted levels of Funds From Operations (as defined in the Management Agreement) and to increase the Company’s stockholder value. The Manager may receive quarterly incentive compensation in an amount equal to the product of: (i) twenty-five percent (25%) of the dollar amount by which (A) the Company’s Funds From Operations (after the base management fee and before incentive compensation) per share of common stock for such quarter (based on the weighted average of shares outstanding for such quarter) exceeds (B) an amount equal to (1) the weighted average of the price per share of the Company’s common stock in the Company’s June 2005 private offering and the prices per share of the Company’s common stock in any subsequent offerings (including the Company’s initial public offering), multiplied by (2) the greater of (a) 2.25% or (b) 0.75% plus one-fourth of the Ten Year Treasury Rate (as defined in the Management Agreement) for such quarter, multiplied by (ii) the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding during such quarter. The Company will record any incentive fees as a management fee expense in the period when earned and when payments of such amounts have become probable and reasonably estimable in accordance with the Management Agreement. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, no amounts were paid or were payable to the Manager for the incentive management fee under this agreement.
The Management Agreement also provides that the Company will reimburse the Manager for various expenses incurred by the Manager or its affiliates on the Company’s behalf, including but not limited to costs associated with formation and capital raising activities and general and administrative expenses. Without regard to the amount of compensation received under the Management Agreement, the Manager is responsible for the wages and salaries of the Manager’s officers and employees. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, the Company paid approximately $225, $562, $160 and $538 to the Manager for expense reimbursements. As of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively, $106 and $27 of expense reimbursements were accrued and are included in other liabilities.
Affiliates
As of September 30, 2007, an affiliate of the Manager, CBRE Melody of Texas, LP and its principals, owned 1.1 million shares (which were purchased in the Company’s June 2005 private offering) of the Company’s common stock, 300,000 shares of restricted common stock, and had options to purchase an additional 500,000 shares of common stock.
GEMSA Servicing
GEMSA Loan Services (“GEMSA”) is utilized by the Company as a loan servicer. GEMSA is a joint venture between CBRE/Melody & Company and GE Capital Real Estate. The Company’s fees for GEMSA’s services for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 amounted to $68, $182, $21 and $42, respectively.
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NOTE 10—STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
The Company’s authorized capital stock consists of 150,000,000 shares of capital stock, $0.01 par value per share, of which the Company have authorized the issuance of 100,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. As of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, 30,846,842 and 30,601,142 shares of the Company’s common stock were issued and outstanding, respectively.
Comprehensive Income
The following table summarizes the Company’s comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, and 2006, respectively:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 | | | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2006 | | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 | | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (49,959 | ) | | $ | 2,279 | | | $ | (52,943 | ) | | $ | 10,196 | |
Unrealized loss on CMBS securities available for sale and derivatives | | | (47,069 | ) | | | (8,314 | ) | | | (48,422 | ) | | | (190 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive income (loss) | | $ | (97,028 | ) | | $ | (6,035 | ) | | $ | (101,365 | ) | | $ | 10,006 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity Incentive Plan
The Company established a 2005 equity incentive plan, (“2005 Equity Incentive Plan”) for officers, directors, consultants and advisors, including the Manager, its employees and other related persons. The 2005 Equity Incentive Plan authorizes (i) the grant of stock options that qualify as incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Code, or ISOs; (ii) the grant of stock options that do not qualify, or NQSOs; and (iii) grants of shares of restricted common stock. The exercise price of stock options will be determined by the compensation committee and fully ratified by the board of directors, but may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share on the day the option is granted. The total number of shares subject to awards granted under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan may not exceed 2,000,000. As of December 31, 2005, approximately 600,000 shares of restricted stock and 1,000,000 options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock were granted, or reserved for issuance under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan.
In March 2007, 130,200 shares of restricted stock and options to purchase 66,500 shares of the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $13.08 per share were issued to certain employees of the Company’s Manager under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan. In August 2007, 60,000 shares of restricted stock were issued to certain officers of the Company under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan. In September 2007, 75,000 shares of restricted stock and options to purchase 24,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $5.89 per share were issued to the newly hired president and chief executive officer of the Company under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan. Options granted under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan are exercisable at the fair market value on the date of the grant and, expire five years from the date of the grant, subject to termination of employment. These options are not transferable other than at death and are exercisable ratably over a three year period commencing one year from the date of the grant.
As of September 30, 2007, 143,109 awards were available for issuance, and 901,822 restricted shares and 955,069 options have been issued, net of forfeitures, under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan.
The fair value of the options was estimated by reference to the Black-Scholes-Merton formula, a closed-form option pricing model. Given the short history of the Company as a publicly-traded company, the Company estimated the volatility of its stock based on available information on volatility of stocks of other publicly held companies in the industry. Since the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan has characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and since the assumptions used in such model, particularly the volatility assumption, are subject to significant judgment and variability, the actual value of the options could vary materially from management’s estimate. The assumptions used in such model as of September 30, 2007 are provided in the table below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Input Variables | | June 2005 Grant | | | January 2006 Grant | | | August 2006 Grant | | | September 2006 Grant | | | March 2007 Grant | | | September 2007 Grant | |
Remaining term (in years) | | | 2.7 | | | | 3.3 | | | | 3.9 | | | | 4.0 | | | | 4.4 | | | | 4.9 | |
Risk-free interest rate | | | 4.1 | % | | | 4.1 | % | | | 4.1 | % | | | 4.1 | % | | | 4.2 | % | | | 4.2 | % |
Volatility | | | 27.8 | % | | | 26.7 | % | | | 27.1 | % | | | 27.1 | % | | | 27.6 | % | | | 29.4 | % |
Dividend yield | | | 14.9 | % | | | 14.9 | % | | | 14.9 | % | | | 14.9 | % | | | 14.9 | % | | | 14.9 | % |
Estimated Fair Value | | $ | 0.00 | | | $ | 0.00 | | | $ | 0.01 | | | $ | 0.01 | | | $ | 0.02 | | | $ | 0.29 | |
NOTE 11—INCOME TAXES
In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN 48”), “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.” This interpretation, among other things, creates a two-step approach for evaluating uncertain tax positions. Recognition (step one) occurs when an enterprise concludes that a tax position, based solely on its technical merits, is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination. Measurement (step two) determines the amount of benefit that more-likely-than-not will be realized upon settlement. Derecognition of a tax position that was previously recognized would occur when a company subsequently determines that a tax position no longer meets the more-likely-than-not threshold of being sustained. FIN 48 specifically prohibits the use of a valuation allowance as a substitute for derecognition of tax positions, and it has expanded disclosure requirements. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006, in which the impact of adoption should be accounted for as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings. The Company adopted FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007 and it had no material effect on its financial statements. Upon adoption of FIN 48, we have elected an accounting policy to classify accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in its income tax provision. Previously, its policy was to classify interest and penalties as an operating expense in arriving at pretax income. The Company has no accrued interest and penalties recorded as of September 30, 2007.
NOTE 12—DERIVATIVES
In the normal course of business, the Company uses a variety of derivative instruments to manage, or hedge, interest rate risk. The Company requires that
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hedging derivative instruments be effective in reducing the interest rate risk exposure that they are designated to hedge. This effectiveness is essential for qualifying for hedge accounting. Some derivative instruments are associated with an anticipated transaction. In those cases, hedge effectiveness criteria also require that it is probable that the underlying transaction is expected to occur. Instruments that meet these hedging criteria are formally designated as hedges at the inception of the derivative contract.
The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking each hedge transaction and how ineffectiveness of the hedging instrument, if any, will be measured. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges.
The Company’s derivative products typically include interest rate swaps. The Company expressly prohibits the use of unconventional derivative instruments and using derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Further, it has a policy of only entering into contracts with major financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other factors.
The Company uses interest rate swaps and basis swaps to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk associated with its borrowings. The counterparties to these contractual arrangements are Credit Suisse International, Deutsche Bank AG, New York, and Wachovia, with which the Company and its affiliates may also have other financial relationships. In the event of nonperformance by counterparty, the Company is potentially exposed to credit loss. However, the Company anticipates that the counterparties will not fail to meet their obligations under the interest rate swap agreements. On the date the Company enters into a derivative contract, the derivative is designated as: (1) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized liability (“cash flow” hedge); (2) a hedge of exposure to fair value of a recognized fixed-rate asset; or (3) a contract not qualifying for hedge accounting (“free standing” derivative).
To determine the fair value of derivative instruments, the Company used a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each balance sheet date. For the majority of financial instruments including most derivatives and long-term investments, standard market conventions and techniques such as discounted cash flow analysis, option-pricing models, replacement cost, and termination cost are used to determine fair value. All methods of assessing fair value result in a general approximation of value, and such value may never actually be realized.
The following table summarizes the fair value of the derivative instruments held as of September 30, 2007:
| | | | |
Contract | | Estimated Fair Value at September 30, 2007 | |
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | | $ | (11,650 | ) |
Free-standing derivatives | | | 86 | |
In connection with CDO II, the Company terminated 24 and partially unwound five effective cash flow hedges, or interest rate swaps, with a total notional amount of $398,383. A total termination value of approximately $8,045 was paid to the Company’s counterparties on April 2, 2007. Additionally, the Company entered into 15 interest rate swaps and three basis swaps with aggregate notional amounts of approximately $622,957 and $235,053, respectively.
The following table summarizes the fair value of the derivative instruments held as of December 31, 2006:
| | | | |
Contract | | Estimated Fair Value at December 31, 2006 | |
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | | $ | (7,739 | ) |
Free-standing derivatives | | | 255 | |
NOTE 13—EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. In accordance with SFAS No. 128 “Earnings Per Share,” certain shares of nonvested restricted stock are not included in the calculation of basic EPS (even though shares of nonvested restricted stock are legally outstanding). Diluted earnings per share takes into account the effect of dilutive instruments, such as common stock options and shares of unvested restricted common stock, but use the average share price for the period in determining the number of incremental shares that are to be added to the weighted-average number of shares outstanding (treasury stock method). Shares that could potentially dilute basic EPS in the future were not included in the computation of diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 because the impact would have been antidilutive. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 | |
Basic: | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (49,959 | ) | | $ | (52,943 | ) |
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding | | | 30,378 | | | | 30, 253 | |
Basic loss per share | | $ | (1.64 | ) | | $ | (1.75 | ) |
Diluted: | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (49,959 | ) | | $ | (52,943 | ) |
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding | | | 30,378 | | | | 30, 253 | |
Plus: Incremental shares from assumed conversion of dilutive instruments | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Adjusted weighted-average number of shares outstanding | | | 30,378 | | | | 30, 253 | |
Diluted loss per share | | $ | (1.64 | ) | | $ | (1.75 | ) |
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The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006:
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2006 | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 |
Basic: | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 2,279 | | $ | 10,196 |
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding | | | 20,484 | | | 20,178 |
Basic earnings per share | | $ | 0.11 | | $ | 0.51 |
Diluted: | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 2,279 | | $ | 10,129 |
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding | | | 20,484 | | | 20,178 |
Plus: Incremental shares from assumed conversion of dilutive instruments | | | 95 | | | 136 |
Adjusted weighted-average number of shares outstanding | | | 20,579 | | | 20,314 |
Diluted earnings per share | | $ | 0.11 | | $ | 0.50 |
NOTE 14—DIVIDENDS
On September 19, 2007, the Company declared dividends of $0.17 per share of common stock, payable with respect to the three month period ended September 30, 2007, to stockholders of record at the close of business on September 28, 2007. The Company paid these dividends on October 15, 2007.
NOTE 15—SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On October 30, 2007, a class action lawsuit was commenced in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut against the Company and its chief financial officer and former chief executive officer seeking remedies under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The complaint alleges that the registration statement and prospectus relating to the Company’s October 2006 initial public offering contained material misstatements and material omissions. Specifically, the plaintiff alleges that management had knowledge of certain loan impairments and did not properly disclose or record such impairments in the financial statements. The plaintiff seeks to represent a class of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired the Company’s common stock between September 29, 2006 and August 6, 2007 and seeks damages in an unspecified amount. The Company believes that the allegations and claims against the Company and its chief financial officer and former chief executive officer are without merit and it intends to contest these claims vigorously. An adverse resolution of the action could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations in the period in which the lawsuit is resolved. The Company is not presently able to estimate potential losses, if any, related to this lawsuit.
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
Overview
Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to “we,” “our,” and “us” in this quarterly report mean CBRE Realty Finance, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and our wholly owned subsidiaries.
We are a commercial real estate specialty finance company organized in May 2005 that is focused on originating, acquiring, investing in, financing and managing, a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate-related loans and securities, including whole loans, bridge loans, subordinate interests in whole loans, which we refer to as B Notes, commercial mortgage-back securities, which we refer to as CMBS, and mezzanine loans primarily in the United States.
We are a holding company that conducts our businesses through wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries. We are externally managed and advised by CBRE Realty Finance Management, LLC, which we refer to as our Manager, an indirect subsidiary of CB Richard Ellis, Inc., which we refer to as CBRE, and a direct subsidiary of CBRE Melody & Company, which we refer to as CBRE/Melody.
We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2005. Accordingly, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes if we meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our net taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gains) to our stockholders. However, we have a taxable REIT subsidiary, which we refer to as our TRS, which will incur federal, state and local taxes on the taxable income from their activities.
Our objective is to grow our portfolio and provide attractive total returns to our investors over time through a combination of dividends and capital appreciation. Our business primarily focuses on originating, acquiring, investing in, financing and managing a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate related loans and securities. Our initial investment focus is on opportunities in North America.
We have invested, on a relative value basis, in transactions in a variety of markets and secured by many different property types. We have also focused our investments in markets and transactions where we believe we have an advantage due to knowledge and insight provided by our affiliation with CBRE.
We generally match our assets and liabilities in terms of base interest rates (generally 30-day LIBOR) and expected duration. When markets permit, we generally issue collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs, which enable us to secure term financing and match fund our assets and liabilities to achieve our financing and return objectives.
Our portfolio is comprised solely of commercial real estate with no sub- prime exposure. As of September 30, 2007, we held investments of approximately $1.8 billion, including origination costs and fees, and net of repayments and sales of partial interests in loans. As of September 30, 2007, our investment portfolio consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Security Description | | Carrying Value | | Number of Investments | | Percent of Total Investments | | | Weighted Average | |
| | | | Coupon | | | Yield to Maturity | | | LTV | |
Whole loans(1) | | $ | 933,249 | | 42 | | 50.5 | % | | 6.93 | % | | 6.74 | % | | 68 | % |
B Notes | | | 264,211 | | 13 | | 14.3 | % | | 8.38 | % | | 8.64 | % | | 69 | % |
Mezzanine loans | | | 312,035 | | 15 | | 16.9 | % | | 10.18 | % | | 9.92 | % | | 76 | % |
CMBS | | | 264,832 | | 67 | | 14.3 | % | | 6.10 | % | | 7.11 | % | | — | |
Joint venture investments(2) | | | 67,320 | | 8 | | 3.7 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Foreclosed assets, net(3) | | | 5,609 | | 2 | | 0.3 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,847,256 | | 147 | | 100.0 | % | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Includes originated whole loans, acquired whole loans and bridge loans. |
(2) | Includes our equity investment in two limited liability companies which are deemed to be VIEs and which we consolidate in our audited financial statements because we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of these VIEs under FIN 46R. |
(3) | Includes assets and liabilities of Rodgers Forge and Monterey properties on a net basis. |
Given the recent volatility in the capital markets, we are not entering into new investments in the near-term. The current credit market environment is unstable and we continue to review and analyze the impact on potential avenues of liquidity. We are considering plans to restart our lending program and will resume origination activities when we are comfortable with the expected pricing of, and have reasonable access to, capital both in the debt and equity markets that will enable us to achieve our growth objectives. We are considering several equity and debt capital raising options.
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Outlook
Our business strategy of originating and acquiring investments is affected by general U.S. commercial real estate fundamentals and the overall U.S. economic environment. Further, our strategy is influenced by the specific characteristics of the underlying real estate assets that serve as collateral for our investments. We have designed our strategy to be flexible so that we can adjust our investment activities and portfolio weightings given changes in the U.S. commercial real estate capital and property markets and the U.S. economy.
In the third quarter of 2007 the industry experienced declines in valuation of commercial real estate loans and commercial real estate backed securities and declines in overall liquidity. While we believe these declines are temporary and the market has strong fundamentals over the long-term, we are unable to predict how long these trends will continue and what long-term impact it may have on the market.
In the short-term, we believe the current environment of rapidly changing and evolving markets will provide increasing challenges in our industry. While we continue to believe the commercial lending business has strong long-term fundamentals and is being adversely affected by recent volatility in the capital markets, due to these uncertainties, we may experience the following:
| • | | Lower loan originations and margins; |
| • | | Reduced access to and increased cost of financing; and |
| • | | Reduced funds available for distribution as dividends |
Given the recent volatility in the capital markets, we are not entering into new investments in the near-term. The current credit market environment is unstable and we continue to review and analyze the impact on potential avenues of liquidity. We are considering plans to restart our lending program and will resume origination activities when we are comfortable with the expected pricing of, and have reasonable access to, capital both in the debt and equity markets that will enable us to achieve our growth objectives.
On September 30, 2007, we had approximately $25.5 million of cash and cash equivalents available. We have long-term financing for most of our portfolio in place through our existing CDOs and mortgage loans. As a result of volatility in the capital markets and the resulting reduced liquidity, where we are not entering into new investments in the near-term, we elected to repay and close our line with Deutsche Bank and are working to reduce assets on our Wachovia line. We expect the availability of warehouse lines, which we use to finance loan originations that will ultimately be packaged in CDO offerings, will be limited in the near-term due to reduced liquidity in the CDO market and a lesser appetite for new CDO issuances. We believe the CDO market continues to have strong long-term fundamentals and will recover sometime in fiscal year 2008 under more conservative standards, which will likely require greater collateral ratios than has been experienced in recent years. We anticipate the terms and availability of repurchase agreements and similar financing arrangements will improve concurrently with any recovery in the CDO market. As we await the recovery of these traditional avenues of liquidity, we are considering several alternative equity and debt capital raising options.
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The following discussion related to our consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements appearing in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2006
Revenues
Investment income increased by $20.2 million to $38.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, from $18.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, as the overall investment portfolio increased to $1.9 billion at September 30, 2007 from $1.2 billion at September 30, 2006. Primarily, the increase in the third quarter of 2007 was generated by the increase in carrying value of our investment portfolio which increased investment income in our whole loans by $12.5 million, B Notes by $1.0 million, mezzanine loans by $4.2 million and CMBS $2.2 million.
Property operating income increased by $0.6 million to $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, from $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, which primarily represents rental income from our two consolidated joint ventures.
Other income decreased by $0.3 million to $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, from $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, which represents interest earned on cash balances primarily from overnight repurchase investments.
Expenses
Interest expense increased by $14.2 million to $27.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, from $13.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006. Higher interest expenses are the result of increased borrowings, including interest expense attributable to our CDO issuances which increased $12.2 million compared to the prior period.
Management fees increased by $0.4 million to $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 from $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, attributable to the equity raised through our September 2006 initial public offering, or IPO, which represent fees paid or payable to our Manager under our management agreement.
Property operating expenses increased by $0.9 million to $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, from $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006. The increase is related to the two consolidated joint ventures and the two assets we foreclosed in May 2007.
General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.6 million to $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, from $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006. The decrease was the result of a $0.6 million reduction in stock-based compensation expense attributable to a decline in stock price compared to the prior period, offset by increased professional fees, insurance and general overhead costs.
Depreciation and amortization increased by $0.2 million to $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, from $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006. The increase is related to our two consolidated joint ventures and our two second quarter foreclosed assets.
The management fees, expense reimbursements, formation costs and the relationship between our Manager, our affiliates and us are discussed further in “Related Party Transactions.”
Loss on impairment of assets
During the three months ended September 30, 2007, there was significant deterioration in the Baltimore area and metropolitan DC area condominium markets as well as a severe dislocation of the capital markets precipitated by the sub prime lending crisis. As a result of these events, management determined that their original business plans to convert the Rodgers Forge and Monterey properties to condominiums were no longer viable and that the properties may be impaired. Based on the Company’s estimate of future undiscounted cash flows as apartment properties, the carrying amounts of the Rodgers Forge and Monterey properties were no longer fully recoverable. Impairment losses of $17.7 million and $37.0 million, respectively, on the Rodgers Forge and Monterey properties were determined based on the difference between the carrying values of the assets and their estimated fair market values. The estimated fair market values were based on discounted cash flow projections which assumed the properties are sold when stabilized and are supported by third party offers to purchase the Rodgers Forge property and an independent third party appraisal for the Monterey property.
Loss on derivatives
Loss on derivatives increased by $1.6 million to a $1.6 million loss for the three months ended September 30, 2007 from no realized loss for the three months ended September 30, 2006, of which the decrease was attributable to a $1.6 million realized loss from a terminated interest rate swap that was settled in connection with the sale of a loan investment that was being hedged.
Gain (loss) on sale of investments
Gain (loss) on sale of investments changed by $0.6 million to a loss of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, from a gain of $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006. The loss in 2007 is related to the sale of a loan investment.
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated joint ventures
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated joint ventures increased by $0.7 million to $0.9 million loss for the three months ended September 30, 2007 from $0.2 million income for the three months ended September 30, 2006, primarily resulting from increased costs at the underlying joint venture properties.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006
Revenues
Investment income increased by $51.5 million to $93.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, from $42.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, as the overall investment portfolio increased to $1.9 billion at September 30, 2007 from $1.2 billion at September 30, 2006. Primarily, the increase in the second quarter of 2007 was generated by the increase in carrying value of our investment portfolio which increased investment income in our whole loans by $32.0 million, B Notes by $4.1 million, mezzanine loans by $7.3 million and CMBS by $8.5 million.
Property operating income increased by $2.2 million to $6.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, from $3.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, which primarily represents rental income from our two consolidated joint ventures.
Other income increased by $1.0 million to $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, from $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, which represents interest earned on cash balances primarily from overnight repurchase investments.
Expenses
Interest expense increased by $40.5 million to $68.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, from $27.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. Higher interest expenses are the result of increased borrowings, including interest expense attributable to our CDO and trust preferred securities issuances which increased interest expense $31.4 million and $2.3 million compared to the prior year period, respectively. The remaining increase is primarily attributable to increased borrowing on our warehouse lines, where interest expense increased $7.1 million compared to the prior period.
Management fees increased by $1.7 million to $6.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 from $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, attributable to the equity raised through our IPO, which represent fees paid or payable to our Manager under our management agreement.
Property operating expenses increased $2.2 million to $3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 from $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The increase is related to our two consolidated joint ventures and the two assets we foreclosed on in May 2007.
General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.3 million to $6.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, from $6.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The decrease was the result of $2.1 million of lower stock-based compensation expense attributable to a decline in stock price compared to the prior period.
Depreciation and amortization increased by $0.8 million to $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, from $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The increase is primarily attributable to our foreclosed assets.
The management fees, expense reimbursements, formation costs and the relationship between our Manager, our affiliates and us are discussed further in “Related Party Transactions.”
Loss on impairment of assets
Loss on impairment of asset increased to $7.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 from $0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. After taking control and possession of the Monterey property, management determined the fair value of the Monterey property based on various factors, including the best use of the underlying property, the time frame needed to resume development activities after resolving the claim with the Housing Authority, studies on the cost to complete development efforts and the demand for completed condominium units. Based on the results of this analysis, we determined that the fair market value of the net assets received on the date of foreclosure was approximately $29.3 million, which is less than the carrying value on the date of acquisition of $37.1 million. The deficit was driven by various factors, including, the delay in development and sales efforts on the project due to the claim by the Housing Authority, an increase in secured liens assumed by the previous owner, and an increase in the estimated costs to complete the project. As a result, we concluded that the foreclosure event triggered an impairment of $7.8 million which has been recorded in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007.
During the three months ended September 30, 2007, there was significant deterioration in the Baltimore area and metropolitan DC area condominium markets as well as a severe dislocation of the capital markets precipitated by the sub prime lending crisis. As a result of these events, management determined that their original business plans to convert the Rodgers Forge and Monterey properties to condominiums were no longer viable and that the properties may be impaired. Based on the Company’s estimate of future undiscounted cash flows as apartment properties, the carrying amounts of the Rodgers Forge and Monterey properties were no longer fully recoverable. Impairment losses of $17.7 million and $37.0 million, respectively, on the Rodgers Forge and Monterey properties were determined based on the difference between the carrying values of the assets and their estimated fair market values. The estimated fair market values were based on discounted cash flow projections which assumed the properties are sold when stabilized and are supported by third party offers to purchase the Rodgers Forge property and an independent third party appraisal for the Monterey property.
Gain (loss) on sale of investments
Gain (loss) on sale of investments changed by $0.8 million to a loss of $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, from a gain of $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The loss in 2007 is related to the sale of a CMBS investment, a loan investment and the loss in 2006 is related to the sale of a senior note.
Gain (loss) on derivatives
Gain (loss) on derivatives changed by $5.4 million to a loss of $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 from a gain of $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, of which the decrease was attributable to a $3.6 million gain from terminated interest rate swaps in 2006 and in 2007, primarily related to a $1.6 million realized loss from a terminated interest rate swap that was settled in connection with the sale of a loan investment that was being hedged.
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Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures changed by $4.5 million to $4.5 million loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 from no income for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, primarily resulting from six joint ventures having operations in the current quarter while the prior period only had operations of four joint ventures primarily resulting from increased expenses at the underlying joint venture properties.
Risk Management
Foreclosed Assets
The two foreclosed assets are the Monterey property in Bethesda, Maryland and the Rodgers Forge in Towson, Maryland. We foreclosed on the Monterey property, a 434-unit condominium conversion project, on May 9, 2007 and took immediate control. We foreclosed on Rodgers Forge, a 508-unit condominium conversion project, on May 4, 2007 and took control on June 19, 2007 after court ratification awarded it legal control of the property. From the date of foreclosure through September 30, 2007, we funded $9.3 million to foreclosed assets to cure defaults of senior debt, pay real estate taxes, pay assumed liens and pay for attorney and appraisal services related to the foreclosures.
After favorably resolving an outstanding dispute with the Montgomery County Housing Authority on August 20, 2007, we began moving forward with development efforts to stabilize the Monterey property. The severe dislocation in the capital markets and the metropolitan DC condominium markets during the three months ended September 30, 2007 made the previously stated business plan to convert the Monterey asset to condominiums no longer viable in the opinion of management. We did an extensive valuation on the asset as a rental project and concluded the additional cost of financing the development would not be an appropriate use of capital at this time. As such, we wrote down our entire $37.0 million of carrying value for the three months ended September 30, 2007. We plan on continuing discussions with the senior lender over the next course of actions, if any, regarding this asset.
During the three months ended September 30, 2007, the severe dislocation in the capital markets and the significant deterioration of the Baltimore area condominium markets made us reconsider our original business strategy to continue development and stabilization the property. Through this evaluation process we began widely marketing the Rodgers Forge project for sale to gauge potential interest. Subsequent to September 30, 2007, we received several bids from qualified and interested third parties that we are actively pursuing. We are reviewing final offers and expect a transaction to close within the first quarter of 2008, although there can be no guarantee that such a sale will occur within this time frame, or at all.
Non-Performing Loans
Non-performing loans include all loans on non-accrual status and repossessed real estate collateral. We transfer loans to non-accrual status at such time as: (1) we determine the borrower is incapable of curing, or has ceased efforts towards curing the cause of a default; (2) the loan becomes 90 days delinquent; (3) the loan has a maturity default; or (4) the net realizable value of the loan’s underlying collateral approximates our carrying value of such loan. Interest income is recognized only upon actual cash receipt for loans on non-accrual status. At September 30, 2007, there were no non-performing loans.
Watch List Assets
We conduct a quarterly comprehensive credit review, resulting in an individual risk classification being assigned to each asset. This review is designed to enable us to evaluate and proactively manage asset-specific credit issues and identify credit trends on a portfolio-wide basis as an “early warning system.” At September 30, 2007, we had one watch list asset with a carrying value of $21.0 million related to a loan where the senior debt had been placed in special servicing. In October, this loan was repaid in full.
Subsequent to September 30, 2007, one $42.8 million B-Note representing 2.3% of the carrying value of our investment portfolio was moved onto our internal watch list. The $42.8 million B-Note was extended for 60-days in the fourth quarter and the sponsor funded an additional $156.0 million of cash equity to enhance his position as he completes refinancing of the project. Our investment is secured by a class A parcel of land in New York City and there is currently $200.0 million of equity behind our position. As a result of the significant collateral value for the loan, we believe the loan is fully recoverable.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Liquidity is a measurement of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund loans and other investments, pay dividends, fund debt service and for other general business needs. Our primary sources of funds for short-term liquidity, including working capital, distributions and additional investments consist of (i) cash flow from operations; (ii) proceeds from our existing CDOs; (iii) proceeds from principal payments on our investments; (iv) proceeds from potential loan and asset sales; (v) proceeds from potential joint ventures; and to a lesser extent (vi) new financings or additional securitization or CDO offerings and (vii) proceeds from additional common or preferred equity offerings or offerings of trust preferred securities. We believe these sources of funds will be sufficient to meet our short-term liquidity requirements. Due to recent market turbulence, we do not anticipate having the ability over at least the next fiscal quarter to access equity capital through the public markets or debt capital through warehouse lines, new CDO issuances, or new trust preferred issuances. Therefore, we will rely mostly on cash flows from operations, principal payments on our investments, and proceeds from potential joint ventures, asset sales and alternative sources of financing.
Our ability to meet our long-term liquidity requirements will be subject to obtaining additional debt financing and equity capital in addition to the sources designated for our short-term liquidity requirements. If we (i) are unable to renew, replace or expand our sources of financing on substantially similar terms, (ii) are unable to execute asset and loan sales on time or to receive anticipated proceeds there from, (iii) fully utilize available cash or (iv) are unable to secure a joint venture on favorable terms or at all, it may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders. Our borrowings may require us, among other restrictive covenants, to keep uninvested cash on hand, maintain a certain portion of our assets free from liens and to secure such borrowings with our assets. These conditions would limit our ability to do further borrowings. If we are unable to make required payments under such borrowings, breach any representation or warranty in the loan documents or violate any covenant contained in a loan document, our lenders may accelerate the maturity of our debt or require us to pledge more collateral. If we are unable to pay off our borrowings in such a situation, (i) we may need to prematurely sell the assets securing each debt, (ii) the lenders could foreclose on our assets that are pledged as collateral to such lenders, (iii) such lenders could force us into bankruptcy or (iv) such lenders could force us to take other acts to protect the value of their collateral. Any such event would have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and the value of our common stock.
To qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code, we must distribute annually at least 90% of our taxable income. These distribution requirements limit our ability to retain earnings and thereby replenish or increase capital for operations. However, we believe that cash flows from operations will provide us with financial flexibility at levels sufficient to meet current and anticipated liquidity requirements, including paying distributions to our stockholders and servicing our debt obligations.
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On August 6, 2007, we received a margin deficit notice from Wachovia stating that a margin deficit under a master repurchase agreement with Wachovia exists, and demanding that we transfer approximately $26.7 million to Wachovia in immediately available funds. The margin deficit was settled in full in August 2007 and we have made no further borrowings under the Wachovia master repurchase agreement.
On September 5, 2007, we entered into an amendment to our master repurchase agreement with Deutsche Bank to amend the final repurchase date to September 28, 2007 at which point the master repurchase agreement will terminate. On September 28, 2007, the outstanding borrowings under the master repurchase agreement were paid in full and the agreement was terminated.
On September 30, 2007, we had approximately $25.5 million of cash and cash equivalents available. We continue to have attractive long-term financing in place through our CDO bonds payable, supporting our existing portfolio of assets. As a result of volatility in the capital markets and the resulting reduced liquidity, where we are not entering into new investments in the near-term, we elected to repay and close our line with Deutsche Bank and are working to reduce assets on our Wachovia line. We expect the availability of repurchase agreements, which we use to finance loan originations that will ultimately be packaged in CDO offerings, will be limited in the near-term due to reduced liquidity in the CDO market and a lesser appetite for new CDO issuances. As we await the recovery of these traditional avenues of liquidity, we are considering several alternative equity and debt capital raising options.
Capitalization
On September 27, 2006, we priced our IPO of common stock, with public trading of our common stock commencing on September 28, 2006. We sold 11,012,624 shares of our common stock in our IPO at a price of $14.50 per share, which includes the exercise in full of the underwriters’ option to purchase an additional 1,436,429 shares of common stock. Of these shares, 9,945,020 were sold by us and 1,067,604 were sold by selling stockholders. Net proceeds from both our IPO and the over allotment option, after underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $8.7 million and other offering expenses of approximately $2.4 million, were approximately $133.2 million, which we received on October 3, 2006. The net proceeds were used to repay debt on the Wachovia Warehouse Interim Facility (as defined below). The shares are included in the outstanding share count as of September 30, 2006 with the net proceeds recorded as contra equity (common stock subscriptions receivable) on the balance sheet.
On March 7, 2007, 130,200 shares of restricted stock and options to purchase 66,500 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $13.08 per share were issued to certain employees of the Manager under the 2005 equity incentive plan. In August 2007, 60,000 shares of restricted stock were issued to our officers of our manager under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan. In September 2007, 75,000 shares of restricted stock and options to purchase 24,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $5.89 per share were issued to our newly hired president and chief executive officer under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan. Options granted under the 2005 equity incentive plan are exercisable at the fair market value on the date of the grant and, expire five years from the date of the grant, subject to termination of employment. These options are not transferable other than at death and are exercisable ratably over a three year period commencing one year from the date of the grant.
As of September 30, 2007, 901,822 shares of restricted common stock, net of forfeitures, and options to purchase 870,566 shares of common stock, net of forfeitures, options to purchase 60,500 shares of common stock, net of forfeitures, and options to purchase 24,000 shares of common stock, net of forfeitures, with an exercise price of $15.00, $13.08 and $5.89 per share, respectively, have been issued under our 2005 equity incentive plan. These restricted shares and options have a vesting period of three years from the date of grant (except with respect to 2,668 restricted shares which vested one year from the date of grant).
Warehouse Lines
DB Warehouse Facility
We have a $400,000 master repurchase agreement which had an initial repurchase date of August 29, 2006. On August 6, 2007, the master repurchase agreement was amended to change the repurchase date to September 5, 2007. On September 5, 2007, we entered into an amendment to our master repurchase agreement with Deutsche Bank to amend the final repurchase date to September 28, 2007 at which point the master repurchase agreement will terminate. On September 28, 2007, the outstanding borrowings under the master repurchase agreement were paid in full and the agreement was terminated.
Bank of America Warehouse Facilities
In January and February, 2006, we entered into two facilities with Bank of America that provided $450.0 million of aggregate borrowing capacity. These facilities were terminated on April 2, 2007.
Wachovia Warehouse Facility
In August 2006, we entered into a master repurchase agreement with Wachovia that provided $300.0 million of aggregate borrowing capacity. On December 15, 2006 and February 8, 2007, the aggregate borrowing capacity was increased to $500.0 million and $700.0 million, respectively, and the increase period expired on April 2, 2007. After the expiration of the increase period, the maximum borrowing capacity was $300.0 million. On June 29, 2007, the aggregate borrowing capacity was increased to $400.0 million and the increase period will expire on December 31, 2007. After the expiration of the increase period, the maximum borrowing capacity will be $300.0 million. The Wachovia Warehouse Facility has an initial fixed repurchase date of August 24, 2009, which may be extended for a period not to exceed 364 days upon our written request to the buyer at least 30 days, but no more than 60 days, prior to the initial repurchase date, if (i) no default or event of default (as defined in the repurchase agreement) has occurred or continuing and (ii) upon our payment to Wachovia of a certain extension fee. Based on our investment activities, this facility provides for an advance between 50% and 95% based upon the collateral provided under a borrowing based calculation. Advances under this facility bear interest only, which is reset monthly, with a range of pricing spreads from 20 to 200 basis points over 30-day LIBOR. This facility previously financed our origination or acquisition of whole loans, subordinate mortgage interests and CMBS. As of September 30, 2007, and December 31, 2006, the outstanding balance under this facility was approximately $217.2 million and $361.8 million, respectively, with a weighted average borrowing rate of 6.85% and 6.03%, respectively. On April 2, 2007, in conjunction with the second CDO transaction, we paid off $517,701 of the outstanding debt. We do not expect to make any additional borrowings under this facility. The borrowings under this facility were collateralized by the following investments (dollars in thousands):
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| | | | | |
Investment Type | | Number of Investments | | Carrying Value |
Whole Loans | | 5 | | $ | 169,842 |
Subordinated Debt | | 2 | | $ | 46,100 |
Mezzanine Loans | | 3 | | $ | 75,000 |
CMBS | | 1 | | $ | 4,318 |
The Wachovia Warehouse Facility contains certain covenants, the most material of which are requirements that we maintain a minimum consolidated tangible net worth of no less than the sum of $250,000 and 75% of the net proceeds of the issuance of any capital stock of any class, a ratio of total consolidated total indebtedness to consolidated total assets not to exceed 0.80 to 1.0, minimum consolidated liquidity of not less than $15,000 and consolidated interest coverage ratio not less than 1.4 to 1.0. On November 9, 2007, we received from Wachovia a one-time waiver of three financial covenants which we were not in compliance with as of September 30, 2007: (i) we are required to have a ratio of total consolidated indebtedness to consolidated total assets not to exceed 0.80 to 1.0, (ii) we are required to have a consolidated interest coverage ratio of not less than 1.4 to 1.0 and (iii) we may not incur standard trade payables in excess of $500,000. We were in compliance with all other covenants and conditions as of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006.
On August 6, 2007, we received a margin deficit notice from Wachovia stating that a margin deficit under a master repurchase agreement with Wachovia exists, and demanding that we transfer approximately $26.7 million to Wachovia in immediately available funds. The margin deficit was settled in full in August 2007 and we have made no further borrowings under the Wachovia master repurchase agreement.
Accounting Treatment for Certain Investments Financed with Repurchase Agreements
We have certain CMBS and loan investments, or the collateral assets, purchased from counterparties that are financed through a repurchase agreement with the same counterparty. We believe that in accordance with FASB Concept Statement No. 6, or CON 6, “Elements of Financial Statements,” we are entitled to obtain the future economic benefits of the collateral assets and we are obligated under the repurchase agreement. Therefore, we currently record the collateral assets and the related financing gross on our balance sheet, and the corresponding interest income and interest expense gross on our income statement. In addition, any change in fair value of the CMBS included in the collateral assets, is reported through other comprehensive income since these are classified as available for sale securities in accordance with FASB Statement No. 115, or SFAS 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.”
However, an alternate view could be taken that in a transaction where assets are acquired from and financed under a repurchase agreement with the same counterparty, the acquisition may not qualify as a sale from the seller’s perspective. In such a case, the seller may be required to continue to consolidate the assets sold to us. Under this view, we would be precluded from presenting the assets gross on our balance sheet and would instead treat our net investment in such assets as a derivative. Under this view, the interest rate swaps entered into by us to hedge our interest rate exposure with respect to these transactions would no longer qualify for hedge accounting, but would be marked to market through the income statement.
This potential change would not affect the economics of the transactions but would affect how the transactions are reported in our financial statements. If we were to apply this view to our transactions, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and the year ended December 31, 2006, the change in net income per common diluted share would be immaterial and our total assets and total liabilities would each be reduced by $7.9 million and $14.9 million, respectively.
Collateralized Debt Obligations
For longer-term funding, we intend to utilize securitization structures, particularly CDOs, as well as other match-funded financing structures. CDOs are multiple class debt securities, or bonds, secured by pools of assets, such as whole loans, B Notes, mezzanine loans, CMBS and REIT debt. We believe CDO financing structures are an appropriate financing vehicle for our targeted real estate asset classes, because they will enable us to obtain long-term cost of funds and minimize the risk that we have to refinance our liabilities prior to the maturities of our investments while giving us the flexibility to manage credit risk.
In March 2006, we closed our first CDO transaction totaling approximately $600.0 million. We retained 100% of the equity interests in our CDO subsidiary that issued the CDO notes consisting of preference and common shares as well as 100% of the non-rated debt tranches. The notes issued by our CDO subsidiary are secured initially by a portfolio of whole loans, B Notes, mezzanine loans and CMBS. The structure contains a five-year reinvestment period during which we can use the proceeds of loan repayments to fund new investments. Our Manager acted as the collateral manager for our CDO subsidiary but did not receive any fees in connection therewith. We acted as the advancing agent in connection with the issuance of the CDO notes.
In April 2007, we closed on our second CDO transaction totaling $1.0 billion. We sold $880.0 million of bonds with an average cost of 90-day LIBOR plus 40.6 basis points and retained 100% of the equity interests in our CDO subsidiary that issued the CDO notes consisting of preference and common shares. The notes issued by our CDO subsidiary are secured initially by a portfolio of whole loans, B Notes, mezzanine loans and CMBS. The structure contains a five-year reinvestment period during which we can use the proceeds of loan repayments to fund new investments. Our Manager will act as the collateral manager for our CDO subsidiary but will not receive any fees in connection therewith. We are the advancing agent in connection with the issuance of the CDO notes. In connection with our second CDO transaction, we terminated 24 and partially unwound five effective cash flow hedges, or interest rate swaps, with a total notional amount of approximately $398.4 million. A total termination value of approximately $8.0 million was paid to our counterparties on April 2, 2007. Additionally, we entered into 15 interest rate swaps and three basis swaps with aggregate notional amounts of approximately $623.0 million and $235.1 million. As of September 30, 2007, our CDO subsidiary is leveraged as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Carrying Amount at 9/30/907 | | Stated Maturity | | Interest Rate | | | Weighted Average Expected Life (years) |
CDO I Bonds | | $ | 508,500 | | 3/25/2046 | | 5.64 | % | | 6.9 |
CDO II Bonds | | $ | 829,000 | | 4/07/2052 | | 6.20 | % | | 8.2 |
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Mortgage Indebtedness
On December 14, 2005, our consolidated joint venture, Springhouse Apartments, LLC, obtained a $26.2 million loan in connection with the acquisition of real estate located in Prince George’s County, Maryland. The loan is collateralized by the aforementioned property, is guaranteed by Bozzuto and Associates Inc., our joint venture partner, matures on December 14, 2008, and bears interest at 30-day LIBOR plus 1.75%. As of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the outstanding balance was $25.7 million and $25.6 million, respectively, at a rate of 7.07% and 7.10%, respectively.
On March 28, 2006, our consolidated joint venture, Loch Raven Village Apartments-II, LLC, obtained a $29.2 million loan in connection with the acquisition of real estate located in Baltimore, Maryland. The loan is collateralized by the aforementioned property, is guaranteed by Bozzuto and Associates Inc., our joint venture partner, matures on April 1, 2009, and bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.96%. As of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the outstanding balance was $27.1 million and $26.6 million, respectively.
On May 4, 2007, we assumed a $36.3 million mortgage loan in conjunction with the Rodgers Forge foreclosure. The loan matures on April 16, 2009 and bears interest equal to one-half of one percent (0.50%) above the Prime Rate. As of September 30, 2007, we are in technical default of certain covenants in this loan. We have notified the lender of such technical defaults. As of the date hereof, the lender has not taken any formal or informal action in respect thereof. We have not been notified by the lender that it is in default of any such clauses. As of September 30, 2007, the outstanding balance was $36.3 million.
On May 9, 2007, we assumed a $103.9 million mortgage loan in conjunction with the Monterey foreclosure. As of September 30, 2007, we are in technical default of certain covenants in this loan. We have notified the lender of such technical defaults. As of the date hereof, the lender has not taken any formal or informal action in respect thereof. The loan matures on February 1, 2008 and bears interest at six-month LIBOR plus 3.25%. As of September 30, 2007, the outstanding balance was $103.9 million.
In November 2007, we halted making principal payments to the senior lender of Monterey. While we are in the process of negotiating a restructuring of the first mortgage with the senior lender, the senior lender could foreclose on our position.
Contractual Obligations
The table below summarizes our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2007. The table excludes contractual commitments related to our derivatives, which we discuss in “Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” and the incentive fee payable under the management agreement that we have with our Manager, which we discuss in Related Party Transactions because those contracts do not have fixed and determinable payments.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Contractual commitments (in thousands) Payments due by period |
| Total | | Less than 1 year | | 1-3 years | | 3-5 years | | More than 5 years |
CDO I bonds payable | | $ | 508,500 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 508,500 |
CDO II bonds payable | | | 829,000 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 829,000 |
Wachovia Warehouse Facility | | | 217,180 | | | 217,180 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
Mortgage payable(1) | | | 193,046 | | | 103,886 | | | 89,160 | | | — | | | — |
Trust preferred securities | | | 50,000 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 50,000 |
Base management fees(2) | | | 6,861 | | | 6,861 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,804,587 | | $ | 327,927 | | $ | 89,160 | | $ | — | | $ | 1,387,500 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(2) | Calculated only for the next 12 months based on our current gross stockholders’ equity, as defined in our management agreement. |
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2007, we had approximately $54.0 million of equity interests in six joint ventures for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Dividends
To qualify as a REIT, we must pay annual dividends to our stockholders of at least 90% of our net taxable income, determined before taking into consideration the dividends paid deduction and net capital gains. We intend to continue to pay regular quarterly dividends to our stockholders. Before we pay any dividend, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, which would only be paid out of available cash to the extent permitted under our secured credit facilities, we must first meet both our operating requirements and scheduled debt service on our warehouse lines and other debt payable.
Related Party Transactions
Management Agreement
On June 9, 2005, we entered into a management agreement with our Manager, which provides for an initial term through December 31, 2008 with automatic one-year extension options for each anniversary date thereafter and is subject to certain termination rights. After the initial term, our independent directors will review our Manager’s performance annually and the management agreement may be terminated subject to certain termination rights. Our executive officers own approximately 26.1% of the Manager. We pay our Manager an annual management fee monthly in arrears equal to 1/12 of the sum of (i) 2.0% of our gross stockholders’ equity (as defined in the management agreement), or equity, of the first $400.0 million of our equity and (ii) 1.75% of our gross stockholders’ equity in an amount in excess of $400.0 million and up to $800.0 million and (iii) 1.5% of our gross stockholders’ equity in excess of $800.0 million. Additionally, from July 26, 2006 to September 27, 2006, we considered the outstanding trust preferred securities as part of gross stockholders’ equity in calculating the base management fee. Our Manager uses the proceeds from its management fee in part to pay compensation to its officers and employees who, notwithstanding that certain of them also are our officers, receive no cash compensation directly from us. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, we paid approximately $2.0 million, $6.1 million, $1.5 million, and $4.4 million, respectively, to our Manager for the base management fee under the management agreement. As of September 30, 2007, $0.6 million of management fees were accrued and constituted the management fee payable on our balance sheet.
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In addition to the base management fee, our Manager may receive quarterly incentive compensation. The purpose of the incentive compensation is to provide an additional incentive for our Manager to achieve targeted levels of Funds From Operations (as defined in the management agreement) (after the base management fee and before incentive compensation) and to increase our stockholder value. Our Manager may receive quarterly incentive compensation in an amount equal to the product of: (i) twenty-five percent (25%) of the dollar amount by which (A) our Funds From Operations (after the base management fee and before the incentive fee) per share of our common stock for such quarter (based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding for such quarter) exceeds (B) an amount equal to (1) the weighted average of the price per share of our common stock in our June 2005 private offering and the prices per share of our common stock in any subsequent offerings (including our IPO), multiplied by (2) the greater of (a) 2.25% or (b) 0.75% plus one-fourth of the Ten Year Treasury Rate (as defined in the management agreement) for such quarter, multiplied by (ii) the weighted average number of shares of our common stock outstanding during the such quarter. We will record any incentive fees as a management fee expense in the period when earned and when payments of such amounts have become probable and reasonably estimable in accordance with the management agreement. No amounts had been paid or were payable for incentive compensation under the management agreement as of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006.
The management agreement also provides that we will reimburse our Manager for various expenses incurred by our Manager or its affiliates for documented expenses of our Manager or its affiliates incurred on our behalf, including but not limited to costs associated with formation and capital raising activities and general and administrative expenses. Without regard to the amount of compensation received under the management agreement, our Manager is responsible for the wages and salaries of its officers and employees. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, we paid or had payable $0.2 million, $0.6 million, $0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively, to our Manager for expense reimbursements, of which $0.1 million were accrued and are included in other liabilities on our balance sheet as of September 30, 2007.
GEMSA Servicing
GEMSA Loan Services, L.P., which we refer to as GEMSA, is utilized by us as a loan servicer. GEMSA is a joint venture between CBRE/Melody and GE Capital Real Estate. GEMSA is a rated master and primary servicer. Our fees for GEMSA’s services are at market rates.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, we paid or had payable an aggregate of approximately $68,000, $182,000, $21,000 and $42,000, respectively, to GEMSA in connection with its loan servicing of a part of our portfolio.
Affiliates
As of September 30, 2007, an affiliate of the Manager, CBRE Melody of Texas, LP and its principals, owned 1.1 million shares of our common stock (which were purchased in our June 2005 private offering), 300,000 shares of restricted common stock, and had options to purchase an additional 500,000 shares of common stock.
Funds from Operations
Funds from Operations, or FFO, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, is a widely recognized measure of REIT performance. We compute FFO in accordance with standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, which may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs that do not compute FFO in accordance with the NAREIT definition, or that interpret the NAREIT definition differently than we do. The revised White Paper on FFO approved by the Board of Governors of NAREIT in April 2002 defines FFO as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from debt restructuring and sales of properties, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated/uncombined partnerships and joint ventures. We present FFO because we consider it an important supplemental measure of our operating performance and believe that it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs. We also use FFO as one of several criteria to determine performance-based equity bonuses for members of our senior management team. FFO is intended to exclude GAAP historical cost depreciation and amortization of real estate and related assets, which assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes ratably over time. Historically, however, real estate values have risen or fallen with market conditions. Because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization unique to real estate, gains and losses from property dispositions and extraordinary items, it provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, reflects the impact to operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, interest costs, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income. We consider gains and losses on the sale of debt investments to be a normal part of our recurring operations and therefore do not exclude such gains or losses while arriving at FFO. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP), as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions.
FFO for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 | | | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2006 | | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 | | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 | |
Funds from operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (49,959 | ) | | $ | 2,279 | | | $ | (52,943 | ) | | $ | 10,196 | |
Adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation | | | 579 | | | | 310 | | | | 1,766 | | | | 690 | |
Gain (losses) from debt restructuring | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Gain (losses) from sale of property | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Funds from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Real estate depreciation and amortization—unconsolidated ventures | | | 2,082 | | | | 619 | | | | 7,607 | | | | 1,258 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Funds from operations | | $ | (47,298 | ) | | $ | 3,208 | | | $ | (43,570 | ) | | $ | 12,144 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities | | $ | 4,614 | | | $ | 5,432 | | | $ | 21,991 | | | $ | 8,486 | |
Cash flows provided by (used in) investment activities | | $ | 74,915 | | | $ | (350,212 | ) | | $ | (620,875 | ) | | $ | (701,805 | ) |
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities | | $ | (75,272 | ) | | $ | 330,756 | | | $ | 606,452 | | | $ | 670,741 | |
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Critical Accounting Policies
Our critical accounting policies are those that have the most impact on the reporting of our financial condition and results of operations and those requiring significant judgments and estimates. We believe that our judgments and assessments are consistently applied and produce financial information that fairly presents our results of operations. Our most critical accounting policies concern our accounting and valuation of our investments, revenue recognition and derivative valuation and are as follows.
Loans and Investments
Loans held for investment are intended to be held to maturity and, accordingly, are carried at amortized cost, including unamortized loan origination costs and fees, and net of repayments and sales of partial interests in loans, unless such loan or investment is deemed to be impaired. At such time as we invest in joint venture and other interests that allow us to participate in a percentage of the underlying property’s cash flows from operations and proceeds from a sale or refinancing, we must determine whether such investment should be accounted for as a loan, real estate investment or equity method joint venture in accordance with AICPA Practice Bulletin No. 1 on acquisition, development and construction, or ADC, arrangements.
Our Manager evaluates our assets on a regular basis to determine if they continue to satisfy our investment criteria. Subject to certain restrictions applicable to REITs and to maintain our exclusion from regulation as an investment company, we sell our investments opportunistically and use the proceeds of any such sales for debt reduction, additional acquisitions or working capital purposes.
Variable Interest Entities
In December 2003, Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation, or FIN, No. 46R “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,” or FIN 46R, was issued as a modification of FIN No. 46 “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” FIN 46R, which became effective in the first quarter of 2004, clarified the methodology for determining whether an entity is a VIE and the methodology for assessing who is the primary beneficiary of a VIE. VIEs are defined as entities in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. If an entity is determined to be a VIE, it must be consolidated by the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the enterprise that absorbs the majority of the entity’s expected losses, receives a majority of the entity’s expected residual returns, or both. Generally, expected losses and expected residual returns are the expected negative and positive variability, respectively, in the fair value of the variable interest entities’ net assets.
When we make an investment, we assess whether we have a variable interest in a VIE and, if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE. These analyses require considerable judgment in determining the primary beneficiary of a VIE since they involve subjective probability weighting of various cash flow scenarios. Incorrect assumptions or estimates of future cash flows may result in an inaccurate determination of the primary beneficiary. The result could be the consolidation of an entity acquired or formed in the future that would otherwise not have been consolidated or the non-consolidation of such an entity that would otherwise have been consolidated.
FIN 46R has certain scope exceptions, one of which provides that an enterprise that holds a variable interest in a qualifying special-purpose entity, or QSPE, does not consolidate that entity unless that enterprise has unilateral ability to cause the entity to liquidate. SFAS No. 140 “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,” or SFAS 140, provides the requirements for an entity to be considered a QSPE. To maintain the QSPE exception, the entity must continue to meet the QSPE criteria both initially and in subsequent periods. An entity’s QSPE status can be impacted in future periods by activities by its transferor(s) or other involved parties, including the manner in which certain servicing activities are performed. To the extent our CMBS investments were issued by an entity that meets the requirements to be considered a QSPE, we record the investments at purchase price paid. To the extent the underlying entities are not QSPEs, we follow the guidance set forth in FIN 46R as the entities would be considered VIEs.
We have analyzed the governing pooling and servicing agreements for each of our CMBS investments and believe that the terms are industry standard and are consistent with the QSPE criteria. However, there is uncertainty with respect to QSPE treatment due to ongoing review by accounting standard rulemakers, potential actions by various parties involved with the QSPE, as discussed above, as well as varying and evolving interpretations of the QSPE criteria under SFAS 140. Additionally, accounting standard rulemakers continue to review the FIN 46R provisions related to the computations used to determine the primary beneficiary of a VIE.
We have identified one mezzanine loan as a variable interest in a VIE and have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of this VIE and as such this VIE should not be consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. Our maximum exposure to loss would not exceed the carrying amount of this investment of $42.8 million. Our maximum exposure to loss, including CMBS, as a result of our investments in these VIEs was $307.8 million as of September 30, 2007.
We have determined that two of our joint venture investments are VIEs in which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary and under FIN 46R have consolidated these investments as real estate investments. The primary effect of the consolidation is the requirement that we reflect the gross real estate assets and liabilities, and the property operating income and expense of these entities in our financial statements.
Valuation and Impairment of Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities
CMBS are classified as available-for-sale securities and are carried on our balance sheet at fair value. As a result, changes in fair value are recorded as a balance sheet adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income, which is a component of stockholders’ equity, rather than through our income statement. Estimated fair values are based on market prices from a third party that actively participate in the CMBS market. We also use a discounted cash flow model that utilizes prepayment and loss assumptions based upon historical experience, economic factors and the characteristics of the underlying cash flow in order to substantiate the fair value of the securities. The assumed discount rate is based upon the yield of comparable securities. We also may, under certain circumstances, adjust these valuations based on our knowledge of the securities and the underlying collateral. These valuations are subject to significant variability based on market conditions, such as interest rates and credit spreads. Changes in market conditions, as well as changes in the assumptions or methodology used to determine fair value, could result in a significant increase or decrease in the recorded amount of our investment. As fair value estimates may vary to some degree, we must make certain judgments and assumptions about the appropriate price used to calculate the fair values for financial reporting purposes. Different judgments and assumptions could result in different valuations. If available-for-sale securities were classified as trading securities, there could be substantially greater volatility in earnings from period-to-period as these investments would be marked to market and any reduction in the value of the securities versus the previous carrying value would be considered an expense on our income statement.
In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force, or EITF, 99-20, we also assess whether unrealized losses on securities, if any, reflect a decline in value which is other than temporary and, accordingly, write the impaired security down to its value through earnings. For example, a decline in value is deemed to be other than temporary if it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of a security which was not impaired at acquisition.
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Temporary declines in value generally result from changes in market factors, such as market interest rates, or from certain macroeconomic events, including market disruptions and supply changes, which do not directly impact our ability to collect amounts contractually due. Significant judgment is required in this analysis. To date, no such write-downs have been made.
We have 64 CMBS investments that are in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2007, five of which have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months. The unrealized loss of the five CMBS investments in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months is $0.9 million and the unrealized loss of the 59 CMBS investments that have been in a continuous loss position for less than twelve months is $32.2 million, as of September 30, 2007. Our review of such securities indicates that the decrease in fair value was not due to permanent changes in the underlying credit fundamentals or in the amount of interest expected to be received. The unrealized losses are primarily the results of changes in market interest rates subsequent to the purchase of the CMBS investments. Therefore, we do not believe any of the securities held are other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2007. We expect to hold all the investments until their expected maturity.
Revenue Recognition
Interest income on loan investments is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Fees received in connection with loan commitments are deferred until the loan is funded and are then recognized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to yield. Fees on commitments that expire unused are recognized at expiration.
Income recognition is generally suspended for debt investments at the earlier of the date at which payments become 90 days past due or when, in our opinion, a full recovery of income and principal becomes doubtful. Income recognition is resumed when the loan becomes contractually current and performance is demonstrated to be resumed. While income recognition is suspended, interest income is recognized only upon actual receipt.
Interest income on CMBS is recognized using the effective interest method as required by EITF 99-20. Under EITF 99-20 management estimates, at the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on these estimated cash flows and our purchase prices. On a quarterly basis, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is calculated based on the current amortized cost of the investment. In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies. These include the rate and timing of principal payments (including prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass through or coupon rate and interest rate fluctuations. In addition, interest payment shortfalls due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans, and the timing of and magnitude of credit losses on the mortgage loans underlying the securities have to be estimated. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may impact management’s estimates and our interest income.
If the current period cash flow estimates are lower than the previous period, and fair value is less than the carrying value of CMBS, we will write down the CMBS to fair market value and record the impairment charge in the current period earnings. After taking into account the effect of the impairment charge, income is recognized using the market yield for the security used in establishing the write-down.
Reserve for Possible Credit Losses and Impairment of Loans
The expense for possible credit losses in connection with debt investments represents the increase in the allowance for possible credit losses to the level that management estimates to be adequate considering delinquencies, loss experience and collateral quality. Other factors considered relate to geographic trends and project diversification, the size of the portfolio and current economic conditions.
We periodically evaluate each of our loans and other investments for possible impairment. Loans and other investments are considered to be impaired, for financial reporting purposes, when it is deemed probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the original agreements, or for loans purchased at a discount for credit quality, when we determine that it is probable that we will be unable to collect as anticipated. Significant judgment is required both in determining impairment and in estimating the resulting loss allowance. If it is determined that an investment is impaired, we record the investment at its fair value if such value is less than the carrying value. Changes in market conditions, as well as changes in the assumptions or methodology used to determine fair value, could result in a significant change in the recorded amount in our investment. As of September 30, 2007, all loans are current with respect to scheduled payments of principle and interest.
Specific valuation allowances are established for impaired loans based on the fair value of collateral on an individual loan basis. The fair value of collateral is determined by an evaluation of operating cash flow from the property during the projected holding period, and estimated sales value computed by applying an expected capitalization rate to the stabilized net operating income of the specific property, less selling costs, discounted at market discount rates. If upon completion of the valuation, the fair value of the underlying collateral securing the impaired loan or other investment is less than the net carrying value of the loan or other investment, an allowance is created with a corresponding charge to the provision for loan losses. The allowance for each loan or other investment is maintained at a level we believe is adequate to absorb probable losses. Actual losses may differ from our estimates. As of September 30, 2007, no impairment has been identified and no valuation allowance has been established for loans and investments on hand at September 30, 2007.
Assets Held for Development
Assets held for development consists of the cost of acquisition and development of Rodgers Forge and Monterey properties. In addition to direct building, land and renovation costs, assets held for development also includes interest costs, real estate taxes and direct overhead related to the projects. Costs are capitalized as assets held for development beginning with the commencement of the project and ending with the completion of units within the project. Assets held for development is reduced by any rental or other incidental income recognized during the development period. Assets held for development is stated at the lower of cost or fair value.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We evaluate potential impairments of long-lived assets, including assets held for development and real estate, in accordance with FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” or SFAS 144. SFAS 144 establishes procedures for the review of recoverability and measurement of impairment, if necessary, of long-lived assets held and used by an entity. SFAS 144 requires that assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. We would be required to recognize an impairment loss if the carrying amount of long-lived assets is not recoverable based on their undiscounted cash flows. The measurement of impairment loss is then based on the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset. Fair value may be determined by (i) independent appraisal, (ii) internal company models, (iii) market bids or (iv) a combination of these methods. If actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values, we may be exposed to impairment losses that could be material to the results of operations.
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Derivative Instruments
We recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that do not qualify, or are not designated as hedge relationships, must be adjusted to fair value through income. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, arc considered cash flow hedges. Cash flow hedges are accounted for by recording the fair value of the derivative instrument on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability. To the extent hedges are effective, a corresponding amount, adjusted for swap payments, is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity. Amounts are then reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to the income statement in the period or periods the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Ineffectiveness, if any, is recorded in the income statement. We periodically review the effectiveness of each hedging transaction, which involves estimating future cash flows, at least quarterly as required by SFAS Statement No. 133, or SFAS 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” as amended by FASB Statement No. 138 “Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities of an Amendment of FASB 133” and FASB Statement No. 149 “Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instrument and Hedging Activities.” Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, will be considered fair value hedges under SFAS 133. We currently have no fair value hedges outstanding. Fair values of derivatives are subject to significant variability based on changes in interest rates. The results of such variability could be a significant increase or decrease in our derivative assets, derivative liabilities, book equity, and/or earnings.
Stock-Based Payment
We have issued restricted shares of common stock and options to purchase common stock, or equity awards, to our directors, our Manager, employees of our manager and other related persons. We account for stock-based compensation related to these equity awards using the fair value based methodology under FASB Statement No. 123(R), or SFAS 123(R), “Share Based Payment” and EITF 96-18 “Accounting for Equity Instruments that are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling Goods or Services.” Compensation cost for restricted stock and stock options issued is initially measured at fair value at the grant date, remeasured at subsequent dates to the extent the awards are unvested and amortized into expense over the vesting period on a straight-line basis.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2007, the AICPA issued Statement of Position 07-1, (“SOP 07-1”), “Clarification of the Scope of the Audit and Accounting Guide Investment Companies and Accounting by Parent Companies and Equity Method Investors for Investments in Investment Companies.” SOP 07-1 expands the scope of the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide, “Investment Companies” (the “Guide”) beyond entities regulated by the Investment Company Act of 1940, such that legal entities whose business purpose and activity are investing in multiple substantive investments for current income, capital appreciation, or both, with investment plans that include exit strategies may be required to apply the Guide which would have been effective for our fiscal year 2008. On October 17. 2007, the FASB voted to indefinitely defer the required adoption of this standard and to add to the FASB’s technical agenda consideration of amending certain provisions of SOP 07-01. We have not evaluated the effect, if any, that this pronouncement would have on our presentation if the standard is ultimately made effective.
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market Risk
Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and real estate values. The primary market risks that we are exposed to are real estate risk, interest rate risk and prepayment risk.
Real Estate Risk
Commercial mortgage assets, commercial property values and net operating income derived from such properties are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors), local real estate conditions (such as an oversupply of housing, retail, industrial, office or other commercial space); changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; retroactive changes to building or similar codes; and increases in operating expenses (such as energy costs). In the event net operating income from such properties decreases, a borrower may have difficulty repaying our loans, which could result in losses to us. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay our loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses. Even when the net operating income is sufficient to cover the related property’s debt service, there can be no assurance that this will continue to be the case in the future.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates along the entire interest rate curve for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 would have increased our net interest expense by approximately $4.4 million and $2.0 million, respectively, and increased our investment income by approximately $5.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates along the entire interest rate curve for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 would have increased our net interest expense by approximately $1.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively, and increased our investment income by approximately $1.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
Our operating results will depend in large part on differences between the income from our loans and our borrowing costs. We generally match the interest rates on our loans with like-kind debt, so that fixed rate loans are financed with fixed rate debt and floating rate loans are financed with floating rate debt, directly or through the use of interest rate swaps or other financial instruments. The objective of this strategy is to minimize the impact of interest rate changes on our net interest income. Currently all of our borrowings, with the exception of the two most junior classes of our CDO bonds (aggregating $44.25 million) and one of our consolidated joint venture mortgages payable of $27.0 million are variable-rate instruments, most of which are based on 30-day LIBOR.
In the event of a significant rising interest rate environment and/or economic downturn, defaults could increase and result in either credit losses to us or cause us to support the delinquent loans and then potentially foreclose and operate the underlying collateral, which could adversely affect our liquidity and operating results. Further, such delinquencies or defaults could have an adverse effect on the spreads between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
We invest in CMBS, which are designated as available-for-sale on our balance sheet. The majority of our CMBS investments is fixed rate securities and is partially financed with floating rate debt. In order to minimize the exposure to interest rate risk we utilize interest rate swaps to convert the floating rate debt to fixed rate debt, which matches the fixed interest rate of the CMBS.
As of September 30, 2007, we have 29 interest rate swap agreements and three basis swap agreements outstanding with an aggregate current notional value of $979.9 million and $234.2 million, respectively, to hedge our exposure on forecasted outstanding LIBOR-based debt. The market value of these interest rate swaps and basis swaps is dependent upon existing market interest rates and swap spreads, which change over time. If there were a 100 basis point decrease in forward interest rates, the fair value of these interest rate swaps and basis swaps would have decreased by approximately $45.4 million at September 30, 2007. If there were a 100 basis point increase in forward interest rates, the fair value of these interest rate swaps and basis swaps would have increased by approximately $42.6 million at September 30, 2007.
One of our consolidated joint ventures entered into an interest rate cap with a notional amount of $25.0 million with a strike price of 4.16% and a maturity date of December 15, 2007.
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Our hedging transactions using derivative instruments also involve certain additional risks such as counterparty credit risk, the enforceability of hedging contracts and the risk that unanticipated and significant changes in interest rates will cause a significant loss of basis in the contract. The counterparty to our derivative arrangements are Credit Suisse International, Deutsche Bank AG, and Wachovia, with a senior unsecured debt credit rating of Aa3 by Moody’s with which we and our affiliates may also have other financial relationships. As a result, we do not anticipate that the counterparty will fail to meet their obligations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to adequately protect against the foregoing risks and will ultimately realize an economic benefit that exceeds the related amounts incurred in connection with engaging in such hedging strategies.
We utilize interest rate swaps to limit interest rate risk. Derivatives are used for hedging purposes rather than speculation. We do not enter into financial instruments for trading purposes. The following table sets forth our derivative instruments as of September 30, 2007:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Type of Hedge | | Notional Amount | | Swap Rate | | | Trade Date | | Maturity Date | | Estimated Value at September 30, 2007 | |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | $ | 9,100 | | 5.1320 | % | | 2/15/2006 | | 2/17/2012 | | $ | (116 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 180,076 | | 5.0550 | % | | 3/16/2006 | | 10/25/2011 | | | (1,994 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 26,951 | | 5.1930 | % | | 3/28/2006 | | 4/13/2016 | | | (420 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 44,736 | | 5.6630 | % | | 5/12/2006 | | 2/25/2018 | | | (1,922 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 4,250 | | 5.5240 | % | | 7/7/2006 | | 7/11/2011 | | | (136 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 1,172 | | 5.1910 | % | | 8/17/2006 | | 9/1/2011 | | | (24 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 36,075 | | 5.1710 | % | | 9/19/2006 | | 9/25/2011 | | | (616 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 1,856 | | 5.1150 | % | | 10/19/2006 | | 11/1/2011 | | | (34 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 28,151 | | 4.9470 | % | | 12/15/2006 | | 10/25/2011 | | | (257 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 5,950 | | 5.1930 | % | | 1/30/2007 | | 2/1/2012 | | | (127 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 2,125 | | 5.0360 | % | | 2/7/2007 | | 2/7/2012 | | | (32 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 11,070 | | 5.0000 | % | | 2/16/2007 | | 3/1/2012 | | | (150 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 336,279 | | 4.9090 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 4/7/2021 | | | (349 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 28,290 | | 4.8420 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 10/7/2011 | | | (201 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 25,000 | | 4.8420 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 10/7/2011 | | | (183 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 13,500 | | 4.8420 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 4/9/2012 | | | (83 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 25,000 | | 4.8420 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 1/9/2012 | | | (166 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 23,610 | | 4.8420 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 4/9/2012 | | | (145 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 16,200 | | 4.8420 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 7/7/2015 | | | 89 | |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 2,835 | | 4.8420 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 10/7/2011 | | | (20 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 12,000 | | 4.8420 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 1/9/2012 | | | (83 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 32,300 | | 4.8420 | % | | 6/20/2007 | | 6/18/2012 | | | (999 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 23,800 | | 4.8420 | % | | 6/25/2007 | | 6/18/2012 | | | (709 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 14,300 | | 4.8420 | % | | 6/20/2007 | | 5/25/2008 | | | (134 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 28,700 | | 4.8420 | % | | 6/28/2007 | | 10/7/2017 | | | (1,254 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 7,550 | | 5.6000 | % | | 6/28/2007 | | 10/1/2017 | | | (334 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 4,128 | | 5.5360 | % | | 7/18/2007 | | 8/10/2017 | | | (161 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 8,500 | | 5.6540 | % | | 8/16/2007 | | 6/7/2017 | | | (407 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 26,400 | | 5.3900 | % | | 9/28/2007 | | 10/7/2017 | | | (683 | ) |
Basis Swap | | | 97,603 | | 5.3375 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 1/7/2010 | | | 22 | |
Basis Swap | | | 20,124 | | 5.3325 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 9/15/2011 | | | (2 | ) |
Basis Swap | | | 116,450 | | 5.3350 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 4/7/2010 | | | 7 | |
LIBOR Cap | | | 25,000 | | 4.1575 | % | | 12/15/2005 | | 12/15/2007 | | | 59 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,239,081 | | | | | | | | | $ | (11,564 | ) |
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Prepayment Risk
As we receive repayments of principal on loans and other lending investments or CMBS, premiums paid on such investments are amortized against interest income using the effective yield method through the expected maturity dates of the investments. In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate the amortization of purchase premiums, thereby reducing the interest income earned on the investments. Conversely discounts received on such investments are accreted into interest income using the effective yield method through the expected maturity dates of the investments. In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate the accretion of purchase discounts, thereby increasing the interest income earned on the investments.
Geographic Concentration Risk
As of September 30, 2007, approximately 30%, 10%, 47% and 7% of the outstanding balance of our loan investments had underlying properties in the East, the South, the West, and the Midwest, respectively, as defined by the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries, or NCREIF, while the remaining 6.0% of the outstanding loan investments had underlying properties that are located throughout the United States.
Inflation
Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are interest rate sensitive in nature. As a result, interest rates and other factors influence our performance more so than does inflation. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates or changes in inflation rates. Further, our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and our distributions are determined by our board of directors based primarily by our net income as calculated for tax purposes, in each case, our activities and balance sheet are measured with reference to historical cost and or fair market value without considering inflation.
Forward-Looking Information
This report includes certain statements that may be deemed to be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. In some cases, you can identify forward looking statements by terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “should,” “will” and “would” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.
The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us or are within our control. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. You should carefully consider these risks along with the following factors that could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements:
| • | | our future operating results; |
| • | | our business operations and prospects; |
| • | | general volatility of the securities markets in which we invest and the market price of our common stock; |
| • | | changes in our business strategy; |
| • | | availability, terms and deployment of capital; |
| • | | availability of qualified personnel; |
| • | | changes in our industry, interest rates, the debt securities markets, the general economy or the commercial finance and real estate markets specifically; |
| • | | unanticipated increases in financing and other costs, including a rise in interest rates, or requirements for additional collateral; |
| • | | the performance and financial condition of borrowers and corporate customers; |
| • | | the cost of our capital, which depends in part on our asset quality, the nature of our relationships with our lenders and other capital providers, our business prospects and outlook and general market conditions; |
| • | | increased rates of default and/or decreased recovery rates on our investments; |
| • | | our ability to satisfy complex rules in order for us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and qualify for our exemption under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to qualify as REITs and certain our subsidiaries to qualify as taxable REIT subsidiaries for U.S federal income tax purposes, and our ability and the ability of our subsidiary to operate effectively with the limitations imposed by these rules; |
| • | | risk of structured finance investments; |
| • | | increased prepayments of the mortgage and other loans underlying our mortgage-backed or other asset-backed securities; |
| • | | changes in governmental regulations, tax rates and similar matters; |
| • | | legislative and regulatory changes (including changes to laws governing the taxation of REITs or the exemptions from registration as an investment company); |
| • | | availability of investment opportunities in real estate-related and other securities; |
| • | | the degree and nature of our competition; |
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| • | | the adequacy of our cash reserves and working capital; |
| • | | the timing of cash flows, if any, from our investments; and |
| • | | other factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006. |
We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of future events, new information or otherwise.
The risks included here are not exhaustive. Other sections of this report may include additional factors that could adversely affect our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors, nor can it assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results.
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
For a discussion of quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see the “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations above.
Item 4T. | Controls and Procedures |
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based closely on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” in Rule 13a-15(e). Notwithstanding the foregoing, no matter how well a control system is designed and operated, it can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within our company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in our periodic reports. Also, we may have investments in certain unconsolidated entities. Because we do not control these entities, our disclosure controls and procedures with respect to such entities are necessarily substantially more limited than those we maintain with respect to our consolidated subsidiaries.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to give reasonable assurances to the timely collection, evaluation and disclosure of information relating to us that would potentially be subject to disclosure under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
We are not currently required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 because we are not an “accelerated filer,” as defined by Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act. We are in the process of continuously improving our internal controls over our financial reporting process and procedures of our financial reporting so that our management can report on these processes and procedures when required to do so.
Changes in Internal Controls
There have been no significant changes in our “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this quarterly report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
On October 30, 2007, a class action lawsuit was commenced in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut against CBRE Realty Finance, Inc. and our chief financial officer and former chief executive officer seeking remedies under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The complaint alleges that the registration statement and prospectus relating to our October 2006 initial public offering contained material misstatements and material omissions. Specifically, the plaintiff alleges that management had knowledge of certain loan impairments and did not properly disclose or record such impairments in the financial statements. The plaintiff seeks to represent a class of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired our common stock between September 29, 2006 and August 6, 2007 and seeks damages in an unspecified amount. We believe that the allegations and claims against us and our chief financial officer and former chief executive officer are without merit and we intend to contest these claims vigorously. An adverse resolution of the action could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations in the period in which the lawsuit is resolved. We are not presently able to estimate potential losses, if any, related to this lawsuit.
There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 filed on March 26, 2007 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the Commission, except as set forth below.
We face risks related to securities litigation that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may face additional litigation in the future that could also harm our business.
On October 30, 2007, a class action complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut relating to claims allegedly arising from material misstatements or material omissions in the registration statement and prospectus for our initial public offering which was consummated on October 3,
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2006. Due to the volatility of the stock market and particularly the stock prices of mortgage REITs, it is possible that we may face additional class action lawsuits in the future. An adverse outcome in these litigation matters could subject us to significant monetary damages and legal fees, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. While it is impossible to estimate with certainty the ultimate legal and financial liability with respect to this class action lawsuit, regardless of the merits of the claims and regardless of the outcomes, defending against such claims could be expensive and time consuming. There can be no assurance that damage awards, if any, and the costs of litigation will be covered by insurance. In addition, the class action lawsuit could divert management’s attention from our business.
Item 2: | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
Unregistered Sales of Securities
None.
Use of Proceeds from Sale of Registered Securities
None.
Item 3: | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |
None.
Item 4: | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
None.
None.
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3.1 | | Articles of Amendment and Restatement of CBRE Realty Finance, Inc., incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-132186), as amended. |
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3.2 | | Amended and Restated Bylaws of CBRE Realty Finance, Inc., incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-132186), as amended. |
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10.1 | | Amendment No. 1 to Master Repurchase Agreement, between CBRE Realty Finance TRS Warehouse Funding, LLC and Deutsche Bank AG, Cayman Islands Branch, dated as of August 6, 2007, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K file with the Commission on August 10, 2007. |
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10.2 | | Amendment No. 2 to Master Repurchase Agreement, between CBRE Realty Finance TRS Warehouse Funding, LLC and Deutsche Bank AG, Cayman Islands Branch, dated as of September 5, 2007, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K file with the Commission on September 10, 2007. |
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31.1 | | Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. |
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31.2 | | Certification of by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. |
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32.1 | | Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. |
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32.2 | | Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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CBRE Realty Finance, Inc. |
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/s/ KENNETH J. WITKIN |
Kenneth J. Witkin |
President and Chief Executive Officer |
Date: November 14, 2007
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/s/ MICHAEL ANGERTHAL |
Michael Angerthal |
Chief Financial Officer |
Date: November 14, 2007
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