UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to .
Commission File Number: 001-33050
CBRE REALTY FINANCE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| | |
Maryland | | 30-0314655 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
185 Asylum Street, 31st Floor, Hartford, Connecticut 06103
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(860) 275-6200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES x NO ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a small reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “non-accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
|
Large accelerated filer¨ Accelerated filerx Non-accelerated filer¨ Smaller reporting company¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ¨ NO x
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value, was 30,825,367 as of November 5, 2008.
CBRE REALTY FINANCE, INC.
INDEX
i
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. | Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |
CBRE REALTY FINANCE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
(Amounts in thousands, except per share and share data)
| | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2008 | | | December 31, 2007 | |
Assets: | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 18,732 | | | $ | 25,954 | |
Restricted cash | | | 54,477 | | | | 137,004 | |
Loans and other lending investments, net ($7,000 and $75,129 at fair value, respectively) | | | 1,212,089 | | | | 1,362,054 | |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities, at fair value | | | 155,934 | | | | 236,134 | |
Real estate, net | | | 27,247 | | | | 65,495 | |
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures | | | 38,073 | | | | 53,145 | |
Derivative assets, at fair value | | | 71 | | | | 125 | |
Accrued interest | | | 6,972 | | | | 9,304 | |
Other assets | | | 23,144 | | | | 25,658 | |
Assets held for sale | | | 29,289 | | | | 154,426 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 1,566,028 | | | $ | 2,069,299 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity: | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Collateralized debt obligations, ($214,866 and $0 at fair value, respectively) | | $ | 1,039,866 | | | $ | 1,339,500 | |
Repurchase obligations | | | — | | | | 144,183 | |
Mortgage notes payable | | | 54,964 | | | | 54,899 | |
Note payable | | | 19,850 | | | | 21,736 | |
Derivative liabilities, at fair value | | | 44,723 | | | | 40,403 | |
Management fee payable | | | 319 | | | | 566 | |
Dividends payable | | | 1,543 | | | | 6,493 | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 10,365 | | | | 8,439 | |
Other liabilities | | | 34,056 | | | | 39,732 | |
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures held by trusts that issued trust preferred securities, ($13,980 and $0 at fair value, respectively) | | | 13,980 | | | | 50,000 | |
Liabilities held for sale | | | 152 | | | | 149,869 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 1,219,818 | | | | 1,855,820 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Commitments and contingencies | | | | | | | | |
Minority interest | | | 160 | | | | 663 | |
Stockholders’ Equity: | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively | | | — | | | | — | |
Common stock par value $.01 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 30,863,100 and 30,920,225 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively | | | 309 | | | | 309 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 423,136 | | | | 422,275 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (39,673 | ) | | | (106,406 | ) |
Accumulated deficit | | | (37,722 | ) | | | (103,362 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total stockholders’ equity | | | 346,050 | | | | 212,816 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 1,566,028 | | | $ | 2,069,299 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
1
CBRE REALTY FINANCE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
(Amounts in thousands, except per share and share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 | | | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 | | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 | | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment income | | $ | 24,478 | | | $ | 38,287 | | | $ | 77,469 | | | $ | 93,516 | |
Property operating income | | | 1,098 | | | | 1,045 | | | | 3,285 | | | | 2,986 | |
Other income | | | 181 | | | | 561 | | | | 824 | | | | 3,599 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 25,757 | | | | 39,893 | | | | 81,578 | | | | 100,101 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | 20,366 | | | | 26,841 | | | | 62,914 | | | | 67,043 | |
Management fees | | | 1,140 | | | | 1,911 | | | | 4,229 | | | | 6,001 | |
Property operating expenses | | | 814 | | | | 805 | | | | 2,335 | | | | 2,046 | |
Other general and administrative (including $38, ($328), $861 and $696, respectively, of stock-based compensation) | | | 3,933 | | | | 1,766 | | | | 13,362 | | | | 6,603 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 224 | | | | 248 | | | | 742 | | | | 1,125 | |
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets | | | 5,966 | | | | — | | | | 5,966 | | | | 7,764 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 43,602 | | | | — | | | | 102,752 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 76,045 | | | | 31,571 | | | | 192,300 | | | | 90,582 | |
Loss on sale of investment | | | — | | | | (213 | ) | | | (2,021 | ) | | | (500 | ) |
Gains (losses) on financial instruments | | | 7,234 | | | | (1,516 | ) | | | 87,299 | | | | (1,570 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures, minority interest, and discontinued operations | | | (43,054 | ) | | | 6,593 | | | | (25,444 | ) | | | 7,449 | |
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated joint ventures | | | (9,935 | ) | | | (941 | ) | | | (14,846 | ) | | | (4,451 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before minority interest and discontinued operations | | | (52,989 | ) | | | 5,652 | | | | (40,290 | ) | | | 2,998 | |
Minority interest | | | (463 | ) | | | (30 | ) | | | (508 | ) | | | (110 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations | | | (52,526 | ) | | | 5,682 | | | | (39,782 | ) | | | 3,108 | |
Discontinued Operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating results from discontinued operations | | | (172 | ) | | | (912 | ) | | | (2,993 | ) | | | (1,322 | ) |
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets | | | (2,825 | ) | | | (54,729 | ) | | | (2,825 | ) | | | (54,729 | ) |
Gain on sale of investment | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,780 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | | | (2,997 | ) | | | (55,641 | ) | | | 962 | | | | (56,051 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (55,523 | ) | | $ | (49,959 | ) | | $ | (38,820 | ) | | $ | (52,943 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average shares outstanding: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding | | | 30,631,061 | | | | 30,377,704 | | | | 30,515,093 | | | | 30,252,514 | |
Basic and diluted earnings per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations | | $ | (1.71 | ) | | $ | 0.19 | | | $ | (1.30 | ) | | $ | 0.10 | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | | | (0.10 | ) | | | (1.83 | ) | | | 0.03 | | | | (1.85 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (1.81 | ) | | $ | (1.64 | ) | | $ | (1.27 | ) | | $ | (1.75 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends per common share | | $ | 0.05 | | | $ | 0.17 | | | $ | 0.30 | | | $ | 0.59 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
2
CBRE REALTY FINANCE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(UNAUDITED)
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common Stock | | Additional Paid In-Capital | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | | | Accumulated Deficit | | | Total | | | Comprehensive Income (Loss) | |
| | Shares | | | Par Value | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2007 | | 30,920,225 | | | $ | 309 | | $ | 422,275 | | $ | (106,406 | ) | | $ | (103,362 | ) | | $ | 212,816 | | | $ | — | |
Cumulative effect of the adoption of SFAS 159 | | | | | | | | | | | | 61,231 | | | | 113,729 | | | | 174,960 | | | | | |
Stock based compensation | | | | | | | | | 861 | | | | | | | | | | | 861 | | | | | |
Forfeitures of common stock awards | | (57,125 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | — | | | | | |
Net loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (38,820 | ) | | | (38,820 | ) | | | (38,820 | ) |
Amortization of unrealized loss on derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | 5,502 | | | | | | | | 5,502 | | | | 5,502 | |
Cash dividends declared or paid | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (9,269 | ) | | | (9,269 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at September 30, 2008 | | 30,863,100 | | | $ | 309 | | $ | 423,136 | | $ | (39,673 | ) | | $ | (37,722 | ) | | $ | 346,050 | | | $ | (33,318 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
3
CBRE REALTY FINANCE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(Amounts in thousands)
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 | | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 | |
Operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (38,820 | ) | | $ | (52,943 | ) |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | | | (962 | ) | | | 56,051 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated joint ventures | | | 14,846 | | | | 4,450 | |
Premium amortization, net | | | 49 | | | | (126 | ) |
Other amortization | | | 4,187 | | | | 1,991 | |
Depreciation | | | 738 | | | | 642 | |
Stock-based compensation | | | 861 | | | | 696 | |
Realized loss on sale of investment | | | 2,021 | | | | 500 | |
Realized loss on derivatives | | | 1,310 | | | | 1,481 | |
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets | | | 5,966 | | | | 7,764 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 102,752 | | | | — | |
Unrealized (gain) loss on financial instruments | | | (88,609 | ) | | | 89 | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Restricted cash | | | 94 | | | | 541 | |
Accrued interest | | | 2,332 | | | | (3,252 | ) |
Other assets | | | (209 | ) | | | 3,107 | |
Management fees payable | | | (228 | ) | | | (109 | ) |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 3,288 | | | | 3,213 | |
Other liabilities | | | (236 | ) | | | 421 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities, continuing operations | | | 9,380 | | | | 24,516 | |
Net cash used in operating activities, discontinued operations | | | (2,196 | ) | | | (2,525 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 7,184 | | | | 21,991 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Investing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Purchase of CMBS | | | — | | | | (91,238 | ) |
Repayment of CMBS principal | | | 286 | | | | 9,081 | |
Proceeds from sale of CMBS | | | — | | | | 4,085 | |
Origination and purchase of loans | | | (12,152 | ) | | | (676,516 | ) |
Repayment of loan principal | | | 30,290 | | | | 97,961 | |
Proceeds from sale of loans | | | 25,979 | | | | 91,715 | |
Real estate acquisition | | | (55 | ) | | | (368 | ) |
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures | | | (644 | ) | | | (17,376 | ) |
Distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures | | | 869 | | | | — | |
Restricted cash | | | 78,188 | | | | (28,288 | ) |
Other assets and liabilities | | | (5,475 | ) | | | (3,466 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities, continuing operations | | | 117,286 | | | | (614,410 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities, discontinued operations | | | 8,684 | | | | (6,465 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | | | 125,970 | | | | (620,875 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Financing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of CDOs | | | 18,200 | | | | 829,000 | |
Proceeds from borrowings under repurchase agreements | | | — | | | | 481,194 | |
Repayments of borrowings from repurchase agreements | | | (144,183 | ) | | | (697,452 | ) |
Proceeds from mortgage loans | | | 138 | | | | 663 | |
Repayments of note payable | | | (1,886 | ) | | | 22,353 | |
Payments from settlement of derivatives | | | (1,392 | ) | | | (8,044 | ) |
Deferred financing and acquisition costs paid | | | (780 | ) | | | (14,754 | ) |
Restricted cash | | | 4,251 | | | | 4,408 | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | — | | | | 1,481 | |
Minority interest | | | (503 | ) | | | (129 | ) |
Dividends paid to common stockholders | | | (14,220 | ) | | | (12,268 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities, continuing operations | | | (140,375 | ) | | | 606,452 | |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities, discontinued operations | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | | | (140,375 | ) | | | 606,452 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | (7,221 | ) | | | 7,568 | |
Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of the period | | | 25,954 | | | | 17,933 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | | 18,733 | | | | 25,501 | |
Less: cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations at end of period | | | (1 | ) | | | (570 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations at end of period | | $ | 18,732 | | | $ | 24,931 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information | | | | | | | | |
Interest paid | | $ | 63,604 | | | $ | 62,090 | |
Interest capitalized | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,291 | |
Foreclosed assets assumed | | $ | — | | | $ | 203,142 | |
Foreclosed liabilities assumed | | $ | — | | | $ | 151,542 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
4
CBRE REALTY FINANCE, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2008
(Dollars in thousands, except per share and share data)
NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION
CBRE Realty Finance, Inc. is organized as a commercial real estate specialty finance company focused on originating and acquiring whole loans, bridge loans, subordinate interests in whole loans, or B Notes, commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), and mezzanine loans, primarily in the United States. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to “we,” “our,” and “us” in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q mean CBRE Realty Finance, Inc., a Maryland corporation, our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries and our ownership in joint venture assets. As of September 30, 2008, we also own interests in eight joint venture assets, two of which are consolidated in the condensed consolidated financial statements. We are a holding company and conduct our business through wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries.
We are externally managed and advised by CBRE Realty Finance Management, LLC (our “Manager”), an indirect subsidiary of CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc. (“CBRE”), and a direct subsidiary of CBRE|Melody & Company (“CBRE|Melody”). As discussed further in Note 12, the management agreement with our Manager expires on December 31, 2008 and, subsequent to September 30, 2008, we, our Manager and CBRE|Melody mutually determined not to renew the management agreement. The management agreement will expire by its terms on December 31, 2008. As of September 30, 2008, CBRE|Melody owned an approximately 4.5% interest in the outstanding shares of our common stock. In addition, certain of our executive officers and directors owned an approximately 6.7% interest in the outstanding shares of our common stock.
We have elected to qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U. S. federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of income that is distributed to stockholders if at least 90% of our REIT taxable income is distributed to our stockholders. We conduct our operations so as to not be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).
As of September 30, 2008, the net carrying value of investments held by us was approximately $1,409,414, including origination costs and fees and net of repayments and sales of partial interests in loans and CMBS, with a weighted average spread to 30-day LIBOR of 311 basis points for our floating rate investments and a weighted average yield of 7.13% for our fixed rate investments.
Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund loans and other investments, pay dividends, fund debt service and for other general corporate purposes. On September 30, 2008, we had approximately $18,732 of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents. We have long-term financing for 100% of our encumbered portfolio in place through our existing CDOs and mortgage loans. Our primary sources of funds for short-term liquidity requirements, including working capital, distributions, if any, debt service and additional investments, if any, consist of: (i) cash flow from operations; (ii) proceeds from our existing CDOs; (iii) proceeds from principal and interest payments on our unencumbered investments; (iv) proceeds from potential loan and asset sales; and, to a lesser extent, (v) new financings or additional securitization or CDO offerings and (vi) proceeds from additional common or preferred equity offerings. We believe these sources of funds will be sufficient to meet our liquidity requirements for at least the next twelve months.
NOTE 2—BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U. S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2008. The condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our subsidiaries, which are wholly-owned or controlled by us or entities which are variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which we are the primary beneficiary under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 46R “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46R”). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 17, 2008.
NOTE 3—SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
In the third quarter of 2008, management made a decision to market the Springhouse property for sale, resulting in classification of assets and liabilities as “held for sale” as of September 30, 2008 and results from operations classified as “discontinued operations” for all periods presented. Based on management’s commitment to sell the property and the resulting held for sale classification, we have recorded the long-lived assets of Springhouse at estimated fair value less costs to sell, which resulted in an impairment loss of $2,825 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
In the third quarter of 2008, management made a decision to no longer fund operating deficits at the Loch Raven property based on (i) the property’s current and forecasted operating performance, (ii) lack of liquidity in the credit markets that make refinancing more difficult, (iii) declines and expected declines in commercial real estate valuations and (iv) the general expectation of a prolonged economic slow down that would adversely impact the performance and value of the property. The decision to no longer fund operating deficits will put us in default with the non-recourse first mortgage on the property, which will likely result in the senior lender foreclosing on our position. Management determined that the change in strategy indicated that the carrying amount of Loch Raven long-lived assets may not be fully recoverable. Based on our current estimate of undiscounted cash flows over the expected life of the investment, we determined that the carrying value of the Loch Raven long-lived assets was not fully recoverable. As a result of this assessment, we recorded an impairment loss of $5,966 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 based on the difference between the carrying value of the long-lived assets and their estimated fair value.
5
New Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2007, the FASB issued Financial Accounting Standard No. 141R (“SFAS No. 141R”), “Business Combinations.” SFAS 141R broadens the guidance of SFAS 141, extending its applicability to all transactions and other events in which one entity obtains control over one or more other businesses. It broadens the fair value measurement and recognition of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and interests transferred as a result of business combinations and stipulates that acquisition related costs be expensed rather than included as part of the basis of the acquisition. SFAS 141R expands required disclosures to improve the ability to evaluate the nature and financial effects of business combinations. SFAS 141R is effective for all transactions entered into on or after January 1, 2009. We anticipate that the adoption of SFAS No. 141R will only have a significant impact on our financial statements if we enter into a business combination after the adoption date.
In December 2007, the FASB issued Financial Accounting Standard No. 160 (“SFAS No. 160”), “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—An Amendment of ARB No. 51.” SFAS 160 requires a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary to be reported as equity and the amount of consolidated net income specifically attributable to the noncontrolling interest to be identified in the consolidated financial statements. SFAS 160 also provides for consistency in the manner of reporting changes in the parent’s ownership interest and requires fair value measurement of any noncontrolling equity investment retained in a deconsolidation. SFAS 160 is effective on January 1, 2009. We do not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 160 to have a significant impact on our financial statements.
NOTE 4—FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
On January 1, 2008, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” or SFAS 159. SFAS 159 permits entities to elect to measure many financial instruments at fair value. We elected the fair value option under SFAS 159 for all CMBS with a rating below AAA at the date of acquisition, all CDO bonds with a rating below AAA at the date of issuance and all junior subordinated debentures in order to more appropriately reflect the operations of our business which is investing in commercial real estate financial assets and to match fund those investments through securitized debt financing instruments. We typically hold all assets and liabilities to maturity and we believe recording certain assets and corresponding liabilities at fair value provides a more accurate reflection of our book value under generally accepted accounting principles. Our financial assets primarily include loans and CMBS. Our loans are recorded on the balance sheet at historical cost, net of loan loss reserves, and CMBS are recorded at fair value, giving an appropriate depiction of changes in fair value throughout the holding periods. In addition, compared to our CMBS, CDO bonds and junior subordinated debentures, our loans have significantly shorter terms, are unique in nature and lack an open market, thus ascertaining and recording an estimate of fair value will not be reflective of the distinct nature of these loans. To adequately match the changes in fair value of our assets that are recorded at fair value, where there is often significant volatility due to company specific circumstances as well as external market factors, we believe it is preferable to also reflect changes in the fair value of the corresponding liabilities for CDO bonds and junior subordinated debentures. Since our senior AAA rated CDO bonds are less volatile in nature, similar to our loans which are not recorded at fair value, we did not elect the fair value option for our senior CDO bonds that were AAA rated at the date of issuance in order to more appropriately match these instruments with our loans. Similarly, we have not elected the fair value option on CMBS securities that have AAA rating at the date of acquisition. To address matching on the statement of operations, we also elected the fair value option on CMBS with a rating below AAA since the changes in fair value of these instruments generally correlate with the change in fair value of our CDO bonds and junior subordinated debentures, therefore we believe it is most representative to reflect changes in fair value of all of these instruments through the statement of operations. While we did not elect to adopt SFAS 159 for derivative instruments, because CDOs are recorded at fair value, all interest rate swaps outstanding at January 1, 2008 no longer qualify for hedge accounting and subsequent changes in fair value are recorded as a component of income from continuing operations.
A summary of the cumulative effect of the adoption of SFAS 159 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Balance at January 1, 2008 prior to Adoption | | | Increase to Retained Earnings upon Adoption | | Balance at January 1, 2008 after Adoption | |
CDO bonds (below AAA) | | $ | (514,500 | ) | | $ | 151,415 | | $ | (363,085 | ) |
Junior subordinated debentures | | | (50,000 | ) | | | 23,545 | | | (26,455 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | (564,500 | ) | | $ | 174,960 | | $ | (389,540 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
As a result of the adoption of SFAS 159, an adjustment of $174,960 was made to the balance of retained earnings on January 1, 2008. In addition, the $61,231 of unrealized losses related to CMBS securities as of January 1, 2008 was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings.
On January 1, 2008, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” or SFAS 157. SFAS 157 clarifies the principle that fair value should be based on the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability and establishes a fair value hierarchy, giving the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable data. SFAS 157 applies whenever other standards require assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value. SFAS 157 requires, with limited exceptions, that changes in fair value estimates resulting from the adoption of SFAS 157 be recorded prospectively as changes in estimates.
At September 30, 2008, all of our recurring fair value measurements under SFAS 157 are classified as Level 3 measurements, as later defined. A reconciliation of the change in fair value for financial instruments for the three months ended September 30, 2008 with unobservable inputs (Level 3) is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | |
| | Loans and other Lending Investments (1) | | | CMBS | | | CDO Bonds | | | Derivatives, net | | | Junior Subordinated Debentures | | | Total | |
Balance at June 30, 2008 | | $ | 40,979 | | | $ | 186,834 | | | $ | (250,448 | ) | | $ | (39,762 | ) | | $ | (22,090 | ) | | $ | (84,487 | ) |
Issuances, settlements and amortization | | | 9,623 | | | | 329 | | | | (2,500 | ) | | | 1,310 | | | | — | | | | 8,762 | |
Increase in loan loss reserve | | | (43,602 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (43,602 | ) |
Unrealized gain (loss) | | | — | | | | (31,229 | ) | | | 38,082 | | | | (4,890 | ) | | | 8,110 | | | | 10,073 | |
Realized loss | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,310 | ) | | | — | | | | (1,310 | ) |
Transfers in and out of Level 3 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at September 30, 2008 | | $ | 7,000 | | | $ | 155,934 | | | $ | (214,866 | ) | | $ | (44,652 | ) | | $ | (13,980 | ) | | $ | (110,564 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Consists only of our non-performing loans, discussed further in Note 6, which are “collateral dependent” and are therefore valued based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. |
6
A reconciliation of the change in fair value for financial instruments for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 with unobservable inputs (Level 3) is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | |
| | Loans and other Lending Investments (1) | | | CMBS | | | CDO Bonds | | | Derivatives, net | | | Junior Subordinated Debentures | | | Total | |
Balance at January 1, 2008 | | $ | 75,129 | | | $ | 236,134 | | | $ | (363,085 | ) | | $ | (40,278 | ) | | $ | (26,455 | ) | | $ | (118,555 | ) |
Issuances, settlements and amortization | | | 34,623 | | | | 1,075 | | | | (18,200 | ) | | | 1,310 | | | | — | | | | 18,808 | |
Increase in loan loss reserve | | | (102,752 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (102,752 | ) |
Unrealized gain (loss) | | | — | | | | (81,275 | ) | | | 166,419 | | | | (4,374 | ) | | | 12,475 | | | | 93,245 | |
Realized loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (1,310 | ) | | | | | | | (1,310 | ) |
Transfers in and out of Level 3 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at September 30, 2008 | | $ | 7,000 | | | $ | 155,934 | | | $ | (214,866 | ) | | $ | (44,652 | ) | | $ | (13,980 | ) | | $ | (110,564 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Consists only of our non-performing loans, discussed further in Note 6, which are “collateral dependent” and are therefore valued based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. |
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, we had non-recurring fair value measurements of the long-lived assets of Springhouse and Loch Raven as a result of impairments of these assets necessitating a fair value measurement. We estimated the fair value of the long-lived asset groups of Springhouse and Loch Raven of $29,500 and $27,811, respectively. Since each property is unique is nature, with no active markets or observable inputs, the fair value estimate for each of these long-lived assets group represents a Level 3 fair value estimate under SFAS 157, as later defined.
The components of gains and losses on financial instruments recorded in the statement of operations are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended September 30, 2008 | | | For the three months ended September 30, 2007 | | | For the nine months ended September 30, 2008 | | | For the nine months ended September 30, 2007 | |
Unrealized loss on CMBS | | $ | (31,229 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | (81,275 | ) | | $ | — | |
Unrealized loss on derivatives | | | (4,890 | ) | | | (1,516 | ) | | | (4,374 | ) | | | (1,570 | ) |
Realized loss on derivative | | | (1,310 | ) | | | | | | | (1,310 | ) | | | | |
Unrealized gain on CDO bonds (below AAA) | | | 38,082 | | | | — | | | | 166,419 | | | | | |
Unrealized gain on junior subordinated debentures | | | 8,110 | | | | — | | | | 12,475 | | | | | |
Amortization of unrealized loss on derivatives | | | (1,529 | ) | | | — | | | | (4,636 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total gains (losses) on financial instruments | | $ | 7,234 | | | $ | (1,516 | ) | | $ | 87,299 | | | $ | (1,570 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A summary of the methods used to estimate fair value is as follows:
Loans and other investments
Specific valuation allowances are established for certain impaired loans based on the estimated fair value of collateral on an individual loan basis. The estimated fair value of the collateral may be determined based on (i) independent appraisal, (ii) internal company models, (iii) market bids, (iv) credit and capital market conditions or (v) a combination of these factors. If the estimated fair value of the collateral of an impaired loan is less than our carrying value of the loan, a loan loss provision is recorded for the difference at the measurement date, resulting in our loan being recorded at estimated fair value. Valuation of collateral and the resulting loan loss reserve is based on assumptions such as expected operating cash flows, expected capitalization rates, estimated time the property will be held, discount rates, ability to obtain financing and other factors. Significant judgment is involved in valuations and different judgments and assumptions used in management’s valuation could result in different valuations.
CMBS
Our primary basis for estimating fair values for CMBS is using quoted market prices from third parties that actively participate in the CMBS market. We receive non-binding quotes from established financial institutions, which may range from one to four quotes for each investment, and select a fair value using the quotes received based on a prescribed methodology that is applied on a consistent basis each reporting period. These quotations are subject to significant variability based on market conditions, such as interest rates, liquidity, trading activity and credit spreads. We generally do not adjust values from broker quotes received. In the event we are unable to obtain any quotes from market participants or if in our judgment we believe quotes received are inaccurate, we estimate fair value using internal models that consider, among other things, the CMBX index, expected cash flows, known and expected defaults, the ACLI curve and rating agency reports. Changes in market conditions, as well as changes in the assumptions or methodology used to determine fair value, could result in a significant increase or decrease in the recorded amount of our investment. As of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, no CMBS investments were valued using internal models. Significant judgment is involved in valuations and different judgments and assumptions used in management’s valuation could result in different valuations. As the severe dislocation in the real estate and credit markets continues and worsens, resulting in illiquidity, our estimates of fair value will continue to have significant volatility. Since there are no active markets for our CMBS investments, we classify the investment as Level 3 under the SFAS 157 fair value hierarchy.
7
CDO Bonds and Junior Subordinated Debentures
Estimated fair values for CDO bonds and junior subordinated debentures are based on independent valuations. Currently, there is not an active market for our CDO bonds or our junior subordinated debentures and the independent appraiser estimates fair value using a valuation model that considers, among other things, (i) anticipated cash flows (ii) current market credit spreads, such as CMBX, (iii) known and anticipated credit issues of underlying collateral (iv) term and reinvestment period and (v) market transactions of similar securities. When available, management will compare fair values estimated by the independent appraiser to third party quotes and transactions of identical or similar securities, however, such information is not available on a consistent basis. Estimates of fair value are subject to significant variability based on market conditions, such as interest rates and credit spreads. Changes in market conditions, as well as changes in the assumptions or methodology used to determine fair value, could result in a significant increase or decrease in the recorded amount of our fair value. Significant judgment is involved in valuations and different judgments and assumptions used in management’s valuation could result in different valuations.
During the three months ended September 30, 2008, the CMBS and CDO markets continued to experience volatility and lack of liquidity, with further increases in credit spreads during the quarter, resulting in a decrease in the fair value of our liabilities related to CDO bonds and junior subordinated debentures, resulting in unrealized gains of $38,082 and $8,110, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2008. The decreases in value are due primarily to increases in market credit spreads and increases in expected default rate assumptions resulting from an increase in the amount of our non-performing loans and watch list assets that are collateral for our CDO bonds.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the CMBS and CDO markets experienced widening of credit spreads, resulting in a decrease in the fair value of our liabilities related to CDO bonds and our junior subordinated debentures, resulting in unrealized gains of $166,419 and $12,475, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The decreases in value are due primarily to increases in market credit spreads and increases in expected default rate assumptions resulting from an increase in the amount of our non-performing loans and watch list assets that are collateral for our CDO bonds. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the average spread for the AA CMBX.3 index increased from 256 basis points at December 31, 2007 to 647 basis points at September 30, 2008.
Derivative Instruments
To estimate the fair values of derivative instruments, we use a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each balance sheet date. For the valuation of derivative instruments, standard market conventions and techniques such as discounted cash flow analysis, option-pricing models, replacement cost, and termination cost are used to determine fair value. The values are also adjusted to reflect nonperformance and credit risk. Significant judgment is involved in valuations and different judgments and assumptions used in management’s valuation could result in different valuations.
Springhouse and Loch Raven Long-Lived Assets
In estimating the fair value of long-lived assets for Springhouse and Loch Raven used to calculate impairment losses, we considered a variety of factors, including (i) discussion with potential buyers of the property, (ii) discussions with local brokers, (ii) status of current credit markets, (iii) ability to finance the properties and (iv) recent independent third party appraisals. Given the recent state of the credit and capital markets and uncertainty in the commercial real estate markets, estimated fair value is a significant estimate. The ultimate value realized upon a sale of these assets could be less than our current estimate of fair value, due to use of different market assumptions, lack of liquidity in the credit markets, further declines in the value of commercial real estate, insufficient time to market the property for sale, insufficient time or inability to refinance the property and other factors, which could result in differences from our estimates and those differences could be significant.
SFAS 157 Definitions
The fair value hierarchy introduced in SFAS 157 provides the following classifications of fair value:
Level 1
Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. An active market for the asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2
Inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, a Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3
Inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs shall be used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. However, the fair value measurement objective remains the same, that is, an exit price from the perspective of a market participant that holds the asset or owes the liability. Therefore, unobservable inputs shall reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (including assumptions about risk). Unobservable inputs shall be developed based on the best information available in the circumstances, which might include the reporting entity’s own data. In developing unobservable inputs, the reporting entity need not undertake all possible efforts to obtain information about market participant assumptions. However, the reporting entity shall not ignore information about market participant assumptions that is reasonably available without undue cost and effort. Therefore, the reporting entity’s own data used to develop unobservable inputs shall be adjusted if information is reasonably available without undue cost and effort that indicates that market participants would use different assumptions.
8
NOTE 5—DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In January 2008, we sold our Rodgers Forge property and in March 2008 we sold our Monterey property. In the third quarter of 2008, we began marketing the Springhouse property for sale and expect a sale to close within one year. The condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the operations, assets and liabilities of our Rodgers Forge, Monterey and Springhouse operations as discontinued under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” or SFAS 144, for all periods presented.
The following table presents summarized information for our Rodgers Forge, Monterey and Springhouse operations included in historical results:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended September 30, 2008 | | | For the three months ended September 30, 2007 | | | For the nine months ended September 30, 2008 | | | For the nine months ended September 30, 2007 | |
Property operating income | | $ | 781 | | | $ | 768 | | | $ | 3,077 | | | $ | 2,985 | |
Other income | | | — | | | | 458 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Interest expense | | | (305 | ) | | | (669 | ) | | | (3,075 | ) | | | (1,400 | ) |
Property operating expenses | | | (475 | ) | | | (954 | ) | | | (2,092 | ) | | | (1,867 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | (173 | ) | | | (432 | ) | | | (903 | ) | | | (844 | ) |
Loss on impairment of asset | | | (2,825 | ) | | | (54,729 | ) | | | (2,825 | ) | | | (54,729 | ) |
Gains (loss) on financial instruments | | | — | | | | (83 | ) | | | — | | | | (196 | ) |
Gain on sale of investments | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,780 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (2,997 | ) | | $ | (55,641 | ) | | $ | 962 | | | $ | (56,051 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities of Springhouse as of September 30, 2008 and Rodgers Forge and Monterey as of December 31, 2007 are presented on our balance sheet as “held for sale” under the provisions of SFAS 144, are as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 1 | | $ | 461 |
Restricted cash | | | 132 | | | — |
Land, building, improvements and other long-lived assets | | | 28,644 | | | 152,232 |
Other assets | | | 512 | | | 1,733 |
| | | | | | |
Total assets held for sale | | $ | 29,289 | | $ | 154,426 |
| | | | | | |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | | $ | 27 | | $ | 9,253 |
Mortgage payable | | | — | | | 140,225 |
Other liabilities | | | 125 | | | 391 |
| | | | | | |
Total liabilities held for sale | | $ | 152 | | $ | 149,869 |
| | | | | | |
NOTE 6—LOANS AND OTHER LENDING INVESTMENTS, NET
The aggregate carrying values allocated by product type and weighted average coupons of our loans and other lending investments as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Carrying Value(1) | | | Allocation by Investment Type | | | Fixed Rate: Average Yield | | | Floating Rate: Average Spread Over LIBOR(2) |
| | September 30, 2008 | | | December 31, 2007 | | | September 30, 2008 | | | December 31, 2007 | | | September 30, 2008 | | | December 31, 2007 | | | September 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 |
Whole loans fixed rate (3) | | $ | 545,206 | | | $ | 576,493 | | | 41 | % | | 42 | % | | 6.48 | % | | 6.49 | % | | — | | — |
Whole loans floating rate (3) | | | 309,950 | | | | 304,596 | | | 23 | % | | 22 | % | | — | | | — | | | 212bps | | 210bps |
Mezzanine loans, fixed rate | | | 75,308 | | | | 74,751 | | | 6 | % | | 5 | % | | 9.61 | % | | 9.53 | % | | — | | — |
Mezzanine loans, floating rate | | | 185,626 | | | | 207,547 | | | 14 | % | | 15 | % | | — | | | — | | | 474bps | | 475bps |
Subordinate interests in whole loans, fixed rate | | | 85,402 | | | | 85,319 | | | 6 | % | | 6 | % | | 9.12 | % | | 9.12 | % | | — | | — |
Subordinate interests in whole loans, floating rate | | | 132,999 | | | | 132,998 | | | 10 | % | | 10 | % | | — | | | — | | | 316bps | | 316bps |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total / Average | | | 1,334,491 | | | | 1,381,704 | | | 100 | % | | 100 | % | | 7.13 | % | | 7.10 | % | | 311bps | | 317bps |
Loan loss reserve | | | (122,402 | ) | | | (19,650 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans and lending investments, net | | $ | 1,212,089 | | | $ | 1,362,054 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Loans and other lending investments are presented after scheduled amortization payments and prepayments, and are gross of premiums, discounts and unamortized fees. |
(2) | Benchmark rate is 30-day LIBOR. |
(3) | Includes originated whole loans, acquired whole loans and bridge loans. |
9
As of September 30, 2008, our portfolio consists of 39 whole loans, 13 mezzanine loans and 11 subordinated interests, resulting in an average loan size of $21,927, $20,072 and $19,855, respectively.
The carrying value of our loans and other lending investments is gross of premiums, unamortized fees, and discounts of $1,426 and $351 at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
We have identified one mezzanine loan as of September 30, 2008, as a variable interest in a VIE and have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of this VIE. As of September 30, 2008, our maximum exposure to loss would not exceed the carrying amount of this investment, or $0.
As of September 30, 2008, our loans and other lending investments had the following maturity characteristics (excluding extension options held by borrowers):
| | | | | | | | | | |
Year of Maturity | | Number of Investments Maturing | | Net Loan Balance | | | | % of Total | |
Loans in maturity default | | 2 | | $ | 82,830 | | | | 6 | % |
2008 (October 1 through December 31) | | 4 | | | 73,287 | | | | 6 | % |
2009 | | 12 | | | 296,128 | | | | 22 | % |
2010 | | 14 | | | 251,547 | | | | 19 | % |
2011 | | 12 | | | 293,984 | | | | 22 | % |
2012 | | 8 | | | 186,537 | | | | 14 | % |
Thereafter | | 11 | | | 150,178 | | | | 11 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 63 | | $ | 1,334,491 | | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average maturity | | | | | 2.4 | | years | | | |
For the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, our investment income from loan and other lending investments and CMBS was generated by the following investment types:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended September 30, 2008 | | | For the three months ended September 30, 2007 | |
Investment Type | | Investment Income | | % of Total | | | Investment Income | | % of Total | |
Whole loans | | $ | 12,249 | | 50 | % | | $ | 18,768 | | 49 | % |
Mezzanine loans | | | 4,419 | | 18 | % | | | 8,364 | | 22 | % |
Subordinate interests in whole loans | | | 3,031 | | 12 | % | | | 5,813 | | 15 | % |
CMBS | | | 4,779 | | 20 | % | | | 5,342 | | 14 | % |
Miscellaneous | | | — | | — | | | | — | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 24,478 | | 100 | % | | $ | 38,287 | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, our investment income from loan and other lending investments and CMBS was generated by the following investment types:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the nine months ended September 30, 2008 | | | For the nine months ended September 30, 2007 | |
Investment Type | | Investment Income | | % of Total | | | Investment Income | | % of Total | |
Whole loans | | $ | 38,805 | | 50 | % | | $ | 46,516 | | 50 | % |
Mezzanine loans | | | 14,539 | | 19 | % | | | 17,808 | | 19 | % |
Subordinate interests in whole loans | | | 9,697 | | 12 | % | | | 13,895 | | 15 | % |
CMBS | | | 14,428 | | 19 | % | | | 15,280 | | 16 | % |
Miscellaneous | | | — | | — | % | | | 17 | | — | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 77,469 | | 100 | % | | $ | 93,516 | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
10
Non-Performing Loans and Watch List Assets
As of September 30, 2008, we had the following watch list and non-performing loans:
| | | | | | | | | | |
Investment Type | | Classification | | | Net Loan Balance | | | % of Total Assets | |
Whole Loan | | Watch | | | $ | 10,500 | | | 0.7 | % |
Whole Loan | | Watch | | | | 11,000 | | | 0.7 | % |
Bridge Loan | | Watch | (3) | | | 2,123 | (1) | | 0.1 | % |
Mezzanine Loan | | Watch | | | | 17,421 | | | 1.1 | % |
Whole Loan | | Non-Performing | | | | 12,039 | (1) | | 0.8 | % |
Mezzanine Loan | | Non-Performing | | | | 25,000 | (1) | | 1.6 | % |
B-Note | | Non-Performing | (2) | | | 42,830 | (1) | | 2.7 | % |
Mezzanine Loan | | Non-Performing | (2) | | | 40,000 | (1) | | 2.6 | % |
Bridge Loan | | Non-Performing | (3) | | | 7,500 | (1) | | 0.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | $ | 168,413 | | | 10.8 | % |
(1) | At September 30, 2008, we had a $122,402 loan loss reserve against these assets. |
(2) | Investments are with the same sponsor. |
(3) | Investments are with the same sponsor. |
Watch List Assets
We conduct a quarterly comprehensive credit review, resulting in an individual risk classification being assigned to each asset.
The first watch list asset is a $10,500 whole loan secured by a mixed use industrial and commercial facility located in Windsor, Connecticut. As of September 30, 2008, the borrower closed operations of the primary business occupying the facility and has since engaged a broker to sell the building. In June 2008, we received payment of $2,000 from the borrower, which included a $1,500 reduction of principal to $10,500 and $500 to replenish interest reserves, in exchange for the removal of a personal guaranty. Management concluded that no loan loss reserve was necessary at this time based on the estimated fair market value of the underlying collateral from a recent third party appraisal. If the borrower is not successful in locating a buyer for the building at an adequate price, or at all, such an adverse event could have an adverse impact on our ability to recover our loan balance.
The second watch list asset is a $11,000 whole loan. The loan is secured by a mixed use office and industrial facility located in Phoenix, Arizona. The facility has been 100% vacant for greater than two years and interest reserves were fully depleted in April 2008. The borrower is in the process of marketing the building for sale. Management concluded that no loan loss reserve was necessary at this time based on the estimated underlying collateral value of the property and the borrower’s continued support of the property. If the borrower is not successful in locating a buyer for the building at an adequate price, or at all, such an outcome could have an adverse impact on our ability to recover the full value of our loan. Subsequent to September 30, 2008, the borrower notified us that they will no longer be making interest payments and we expect the loan to become non-performing in the fourth quarter of 2008. Management is currently evaluating options, including further negotiation and restructuring with the borrower or foreclosure.
The third watch list asset is a $2,123 bridge loan secured by development rights to build a mixed use office, retail and hotel facility in the Miami, Florida area. The loan matures in November 2008 and the borrower communicated to us in October 2008 that they would be unable to pay the loan at the maturity date. The borrower is in the process of obtaining construction financing for the development and completing other predevelopment activities. At September 30, 2008, based on the continued decline of the credit markets, which we believe makes it very difficult to obtain financing on projects of this nature, combined with the growing concern of a prolonged economic slowdown that is making it more difficult to execute long-term lease commitments, management concluded that the significance of these uncertainties raises substantial doubt about our ability to recover our loan balance. Based on these uncertainties and management’s inability to reasonably predict recovery upon (i) pursuit of a personal guaranty from the sponsor or (ii) assumption of the collateral, we have recorded a loan loss reserve against the balance of this loan to reduce the net carrying value to $0.
The fourth watch list asset is a $17,421 mezzanine loan for a specialty retail development located in Tennessee. The development is currently under construction. Our loan matures on December 1, 2008 and the senior construction loan matures on December 24, 2008, prior to the date construction is expected to be completed. We believe it will be difficult for the borrower to find permanent financing given current credit market conditions. Currently, the project has a construction funding budget deficit that will be required to complete tenant improvements and the borrower is working closely with a number of parties to obtain the remaining funding requirements. Negotiations with the borrower and senior lender to extend the loan and secure additional capital needed are ongoing. The loan is current as of September 30, 2008 and based on our expectation that we and the senior lender will extend the loan to provide time to complete construction activities and establish an operating history that will facilitate the borrower obtaining permanent financing to replace the current capital structure, management concluded no loan loss reserve is necessary at this time. If the borrower is not successful at (i) completing construction, (ii) obtaining additional capital required, (iii) negotiating an extension of the current capital structure at reasonable terms and (iv) obtaining permanent financing for the loan after expected extensions expire, such events would likely have an adverse impact on our ability to recover the loan. Additionally, factors outside the control of the borrower, such as availability of credit for permanent financing or a prolonged economic downturn that severely impacts leisure travel in the property’s market could also have an adverse impact on our ability to recover our loan balance.
Non-Performing Loans
Non-performing loans include all loans on non-accrual status. We transfer loans to non-accrual status at such time as: (1) management determines the borrower is incapable of curing, or has ceased efforts towards curing the cause of a default; (2) the loan becomes 90 days delinquent; or (3) the loan has a maturity default. Interest income is recognized only upon actual cash receipt for loans on non-accrual status.
The $12,039 whole loan is secured by a class B office property located in a suburb of Chicago, Illinois. As of September 30, 2008, we have commenced foreclosure proceedings and expect to obtain possession of the property. We obtained an independent, third party appraisal of the collateral value of this property which indicated that the estimated fair value of the collateral, net of expected selling costs, was less than our historical carrying value and, as a result, we have a loan loss reserve against the balance of this loan to reduce the net carrying value to the estimated net realizable value of $7,000.
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The $25,000 mezzanine loan is secured by an interest in an apartment complex in New York City. The borrower notified us in July 2008 that it will cease servicing the debt and has requested significant modifications to the outstanding loans in order to continue its involvement with the property. Management is currently in the process of negotiating with the borrower, however, the ultimate outcome remains uncertain. Given the continued adverse market conditions that have negatively impacted commercial real estate valuations and the ability to refinance and based on our assessment of the current fair value of the underlying collateral, we believe there is significant uncertainty about our ability to recoup our loan balance in the event of sale or foreclosure. As a result, we have recorded a loan loss reserve against the balance of this loan to reduce the net carrying value to $0.
The $42,830 B-Note investment classified as non-performing had a maturity default on December 1, 2007 and is secured by a class A parcel of land in New York City that is intended to be developed into a mixed use retail and residential site. The B-Note was originally due on October 1, 2007 and was extended for 60 days with the sponsor funding an additional $150,000 of cash equity. Interest on the loan has been paid through December 31, 2007 at the contractual rate. We are negotiating with the sponsor, who is evaluating possible alternatives, and the lending group to resolve the maturity default. As of September 30, 2008, we have initiated foreclosure proceedings on the collateral of our loan. The value of the loan is dependent on several factors that are outside of our control, such as the ultimate use of the project, the timing of completion and negotiations with potential tenants, and adverse events not currently anticipated could have a material impact on the value of the underlying collateral and ultimate realization of our loan balance. Based on our consideration of (i) the current state of the credit and capital markets, (ii) the long duration of the maturity default and (iii) the time and expense associated with foreclosure proceedings, we have recorded a loan loss reserve against the balance of this loan to reduce the net carrying value to $0.
The $40,000 mezzanine loan had a maturity default on February 9, 2008 and is collateralized by four class A office properties located in New York City. The sponsor of this investment is also the sponsor of the $42,830 B-Note investment discussed above. In April 2008, the borrower and lending group for the properties reached a consensual sale agreement that will allow the properties to be sold in an orderly fashion. Based on the estimated fair market value of the collateral derived primarily from recent sales comparables that reflect current market conditions, we have recorded a loan loss reserve against the balance of this loan to reduce the net carrying value to $0. Subsequent to September 30, 2008, agreements for the sale of the underlying collateral were executed and no proceeds will remain after satisfaction of senior debt obligations, therefore this loss will become realized.
The $7,500 bridge loan is secured by development rights to build an office building in the Washington, DC area. The loan matures in April 2009, interest reserves were depleted in April 2008 and subsequent interest payments have been deferred until the maturity date of the loan. The borrower is in the process of completing predevelopment activities and obtaining necessary regulatory approvals to start construction. The borrower is also in the process of obtaining letters of intent from prospective tenants and obtaining construction financing for the project, the proceeds of which would be used to repay our bridge loan. At September 30, 2008, based on the continued decline of the credit markets, which we believe makes it very difficult to obtain financing on projects of this nature, combined with the growing concern of a prolonged economic slowdown that is making it more difficult to execute long-term lease commitments, we concluded that the significance of these uncertainties raises substantial doubt about our ability to recover our loan balance. Based on these uncertainties and management’s inability to reasonably predict recovery upon (i) pursuit of a personal guaranty from the borrower or (ii) assumption of the collateral, we have recorded a loan loss reserve against the balance of this loan to reduce the net carrying value to $0.
Loan Loss Reserve
As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had a loan loss reserve for non-performing loans and watch list assets of $122,402 and $19,650, respectively. We estimated the loan loss reserve based on consideration of current economic conditions and trends, the intent and wherewithal of the sponsors, the quality and estimated value of the underlying collateral and other factors.
Concentration Risk
At September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, our loan and other lending investments had the following geographic diversification:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2008 | | | December 31, 2007 | |
Region | | Net Loan Balance | | % of Total | | | Net Loan Balance | | % of Total | |
West | | $ | 624,302 | | 47 | % | | $ | 650,173 | | 47 | % |
East | | | 394,689 | | 29 | % | | | 415,292 | | 30 | % |
South | | | 134,400 | | 10 | % | | | 131,293 | | 9 | % |
Midwest | | | 102,888 | | 8 | % | | | 104,799 | | 8 | % |
Nationwide | | | 78,212 | | 6 | % | | | 80,147 | | 6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,334,491 | | 100 | % | | $ | 1,381,704 | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
At September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the underlying collateral of loan and other lending investments consisted of the following property types:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2008 | | | December 31, 2007 | |
Region | | Net Loan Balance | | % of Total | | | Net Loan Balance | | % of Total | |
Office | | $ | 647,856 | | 48 | % | | $ | 641,000 | | 46 | % |
Hotel | | | 256,418 | | 19 | % | | | 276,418 | | 20 | % |
Multifamily | | | 221,443 | | 17 | % | | | 249,629 | | 18 | % |
Industrial | | | 67,524 | | 5 | % | | | 70,918 | | 5 | % |
Other | | | 141,250 | | 11 | % | | | 143,739 | | 11 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,334,491 | | 100 | % | | $ | 1,381,704 | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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NOTE 7—CMBS
The following table summarizes our CMBS investments, aggregated by investment category, as of September 30, 2008, which are carried at estimated fair value:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Security Description | | Amortized Cost | | Unrealized Gains | | Unrealized Losses | | | Market Value |
CMBS Class A or higher | | $ | 10,011 | | $ | — | | $ | (3,859 | ) | | $ | 6,152 |
CMBS Class BBB | | | 192,250 | | | — | | | (99,843 | ) | | | 92,407 |
CMBS Class BB | | | 68,743 | | | — | | | (27,983 | ) | | | 40,760 |
CMBS Class B | | | 24,502 | | | — | | | (9,651 | ) | | | 14,851 |
CMBS Class NR | | | 2,934 | | | — | | | (1,170 | ) | | | 1,764 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 298,440 | | $ | — | | $ | (142,506 | ) | | $ | 155,934 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table summarizes our CMBS investments, aggregated by investment category, as of December 31, 2007, which are carried at estimated fair value:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Security Description | | Amortized Cost | | Unrealized Gains | | Unrealized Losses | | | Estimated Fair Value |
CMBS Class A or higher | | $ | 10,006 | | $ | — | | $ | (622 | ) | | $ | 9,384 |
CMBS Class BBB | | | 194,634 | | | — | | | (48,444 | ) | | | 146,190 |
CMBS Class BB | | | 65,790 | | | 126 | | | (8,865 | ) | | | 57,051 |
CMBS Class B | | | 24,114 | | | 1 | | | (2,296 | ) | | | 21,819 |
CMBS Class NR | | | 2,821 | | | — | | | (1,131 | ) | | | 1,690 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 297,365 | | $ | 127 | | $ | (61,358 | ) | | $ | 236,134 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
We had 67 CMBS investments in a continuous unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2008, 64 of which have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than 12 months. The unrealized loss of the 64 CMBS investments in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months is $139,616 and the unrealized loss of the three that have been in a continuous loss position for less than twelve months is $2,890, as of September 30, 2008. We had 65 CMBS investments that were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2007, eight of which had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months. The unrealized loss of the eight CMBS investments in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months was $3,353 and the unrealized loss of the 57 CMBS investments that had been in a continuous loss position for less than twelve months was $58,006, as of December 31, 2007.
On January 1, 2008, as a result of our adoption of SFAS 159, all changes in the fair value of our CMBS securities that are rated below AAA at the time of acquisition are recorded as a component of income from continuing operations. We continue to review our CMBS securities for other-than-temporary impairment in accordance with EITF 99-20 for the purpose of calculating yields that determine interest income. Our review of such securities indicates that the decrease in fair value was not due to changes in the underlying credit fundamentals or in the amount of interest expected to be received. The unrealized losses are primarily the result of changes in market interest rates subsequent to the purchase of the CMBS investments. Beginning in the second half of 2007, the CMBS market experienced and is continuing to experience significant volatility. Management believes the resulting decreases in valuation are reflective of temporary market conditions, not underlying credit issues that would be indicative of other than temporary impairment. Therefore, management does not believe any of the securities held are other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2008. We have the ability and intent to hold all the investments until their expected maturity as all securities are financed through our two CDOs.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, and 2007, respectively, we accreted $464, $1,360, $443 and $1,309 of the net discount for these securities in interest income.
The actual maturities of CMBS are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities. Actual maturities of these investments are affected by the contractual lives of the underlying assets, periodic payments of principal, and prepayments of principal.
The following table summarizes the estimated maturities of our CMBS investments, as of September 30, 2008, according to their estimated weighted average life classifications:
| | | | | | | | | |
Weighted Average Life | | Estimated Fair Value | | Amortized Cost | | Weighted Average Coupon | |
Less than one year | | $ | 35,547 | | $ | 48,501 | | 4.62 | % |
Greater than one year and less than five years | | | 30,620 | | | 44,018 | | 5.32 | % |
Greater than five years and less than ten years | | | 86,664 | | | 198,197 | | 5.74 | % |
Greater than ten years | | | 3,103 | | | 7,724 | | 5.44 | % |
The following table summarizes the estimated maturities of our CMBS investments, as of December 31, 2007, according to their estimated weighted average life classifications:
| | | | | | | | | |
Weighted Average Life | | Estimated Fair Value | | Amortized Cost | | Weighted Average Coupon | |
Less than one year | | $ | 30,056 | | $ | 31,718 | | 7.26 | % |
Greater than one year and less than five years | | | 55,568 | | | 60,976 | | 6.67 | % |
Greater than five years and less than ten years | | | 143,521 | | | 193,424 | | 5.80 | % |
Greater than ten years | | | 6,989 | | | 11,247 | | 5.64 | % |
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The weighted average lives of our CMBS investments at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, in the tables above are based upon calculations assuming constant principal prepayment rates to the balloon or reset date for each security.
The following table summarizes the Company’s CMBS investments, aggregated by vintage, as of September 30, 2008, which are carried at estimated fair value:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Security Description | | Amortized Cost | | Unrealized Gains | | Unrealized Losses | | | Market Value |
CMBS 1998 Vintage | | $ | 11,613 | | $ | — | | $ | (4,893 | ) | | $ | 6,720 |
CMBS 2000 Vintage | | | 10,510 | | | — | | | (2,044 | ) | | | 8,466 |
CMBS 2001 Vintage | | | 9,581 | | | — | | | (2,289 | ) | | | 7,292 |
CMBS 2002 Vintage | | | 12,289 | | | — | | | (4,113 | ) | | | 8,176 |
CMBS 2005 Vintage | | | 75,708 | | | — | | | (34,130 | ) | | | 41,578 |
CMBS 2006 Vintage | | | 146,138 | | | — | | | (76,530 | ) | | | 69,608 |
CMBS 2007 Vintage | | | 32,601 | | | — | | | (18,507 | ) | | | 14,094 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 298,440 | | $ | — | | $ | (142,506 | ) | | $ | 155,934 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table summarizes the Company’s CMBS investments, aggregated by vintage, as of December 31, 2007, which are carried at estimated fair value:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Security Description | | Amortized Cost | | Unrealized Gains | | Unrealized Losses | | | Market Value |
CMBS 1998 Vintage | | $ | 11,512 | | $ | — | | $ | (786 | ) | | $ | 10,726 |
CMBS 2000 Vintage | | | 10,336 | | | 126 | | | (224 | ) | | | 10,238 |
CMBS 2001 Vintage | | | 9,535 | | | — | | | (146 | ) | | | 9,389 |
CMBS 2002 Vintage | | | 12,228 | | | 2 | | | (1,928 | ) | | | 10,302 |
CMBS 2005 Vintage | | | 75,771 | | | — | | | (13,026 | ) | | | 62,745 |
CMBS 2006 Vintage | | | 145,485 | | | — | | | (37,698 | ) | | | 107,787 |
CMBS 2007 Vintage | | | 32,498 | | | — | | | (7,551 | ) | | | 24,947 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 297,365 | | $ | 128 | | $ | (61,359 | ) | | $ | 236,134 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NOTE 8—INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURES
Effective April 1, 2008, we restructured our joint venture investments in KS-CBRE Shiraz LLC and KS-CBRE GS LLC. Under the terms of the restructured agreement, our original equity contributions have been converted into preferred equity interests. Interest accrues at 12% per year, with 5% paid monthly and the remaining 7% being deferred until such time that the underlying properties are sold.
We continue to record our investments as unconsolidated joint ventures, however; subsequent to the amendment, the historical carrying values of our investments will no longer be adjusted for our share of the income and losses of the partnership due to the revised distributions preferences of the partnership where our interests are senior to those of our partner and we do not absorb operating losses. Since the payment of current and deferred interest is dependent upon the cash flows of the underlying properties, income from contractual payments will only be recorded upon cash receipt.
In the second quarter of 2008, we were notified that our joint venture partners for KS-CBRE Shiraz LLC and KS-CBRE GS LLC believe the April 1, 2008 amendment to each joint venture agreement was contingent upon an event that did not occur and as a result the amendment was not valid and the terms of the original agreement continue to be in place. As a result of this assertion, our joint venture partners have not paid the first six required payments. We have commenced a court action to pursue specific performance by our joint venture partners under the amendment to each joint venture agreement, which we believe does not contain any such contingencies. We have been awarded injunctive relief against our joint venture partners by the Superior Court in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, restraining them from transferring or diminishing the value of any joint venture assets during the review of the dispute. Our joint venture partners have filed counter claims against us seeking a declaratory judgment that the 2008 amendments are unenforceable and alleging a breach of fiduciary duty and other breaches by us. In the event of an adverse ruling against us, we would be required to record our share of equity losses, an amount we estimate would range from approximately $150 to $175 for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and from $300 to $350 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
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NOTE 9—BORROWINGS AND REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The following is a table of our outstanding borrowings as of September 30, 2008:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Stated Maturity | | Interest Rate | | | Unpaid Principal at 09/30/08 | | Unrealized Gain | | | Balance 09/30/08 |
Mortgage note payable (Springhouse)(1) | | 12/14/2008 | | 5.68 | % | | $ | 25,794 | | $ | — | | | $ | 25,794 |
Mortgage note payable (Loch Raven)(1) | | 4/1/2009 | | 5.96 | % | | | 29,170 | | | — | | | | 29,170 |
CDO I bonds payable(2) | | 3/25/2046 | | 3.71 | % | | | 508,500 | | | (74,670 | ) | | | 433,830 |
CDO II bonds payable(2) | | 4/7/2052 | | 3.49 | % | | | 849,200 | | | (243,164 | ) | | | 606,036 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | $ | 1,412,664 | | $ | (317,834 | ) | | $ | 1,094,830 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(2) | CDO bonds payable of $133,500 for CDO I and $399,200 CDO II are accounted for under the fair value option prescribed by SFAS 159. |
The following is a table of our outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2007:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Stated Maturity | | Interest Rate | | | Balance 12/31/07 |
Mortgage note payable (Springhouse)(1) | | 12/14/2008 | | 6.35 | % | | $ | 25,729 |
Mortgage note payable (Loch Raven)(1) | | 4/1/2009 | | 5.96 | % | | | 29,170 |
Wachovia warehouse facility | | 3/31/2009 | | 6.28 | % | | | 144,183 |
CDO I bonds payable | | 3/25/2046 | | 5.44 | % | | | 508,500 |
CDO II bonds payable | | 4/7/2052 | | 5.65 | % | | | 831,000 |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | $ | 1,538,582 |
| | | | | | | | |
A summary of scheduled minimum principal payments as of September 30, 2008 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Total | | Less than 1 year | | 1 year | | 2-4 years | | More than 5 years |
CDO I bonds payable | | $ | 508,500 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 508,500 |
CDO II bonds payable | | | 849,200 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 849,200 |
Mortgage notes payable | | | 54,964 | | | 54,964 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
Trust preferred securities | | | 50,000 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 50,000 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,462,664 | | $ | 54,964 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 1,407,700 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage Notes Payable
On December 14, 2005, Springhouse, one of our consolidated joint ventures, obtained a $26,175 mortgage loan in conjunction with the acquisition of real estate located in Prince George’s County, Maryland. The loan is guaranteed by Bozzuto Associates, Inc., or Bozzuto, our joint venture partner, matures on December 14, 2008, and bears interest at 30-day LIBOR plus 1.75%. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, the outstanding balance was $25,794 and $25,729. The loan is secured by the Springhouse property and there is no recourse to us. We are currently in the process of marketing the Springhouse property for sale. In the event we are unable to sell the property before the maturity date of the mortgage, or at all, we will be unable to satisfy the obligation for the mortgage at the maturity date and may be required to (i) pay default interest after the maturity default, (ii) contribute additional capital to facilitate an extension and protect our interest, (iii) pay significant extension fees or (iv) seek financing from a different lender, which may not be available. We may also lose the property through foreclosure by the first mortgage holder. The occurrence of any of these events could further impair our position.
On March 28, 2006, Loch Raven, one of our consolidated joint ventures, obtained a $29,170 mortgage loan in conjunction with the acquisition of real estate located in Baltimore, Maryland. The loan is guaranteed by Bozzuto, our joint venture partner, matures on April 1, 2009, and bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.96%. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 the outstanding balance was $29,170. The loan is secured by the Loch Raven property and there is no recourse to us. As discussed in Note 3, in the third quarter of 2008, management made a decision to no longer fund operating deficits at the Loch Raven property, which will likely result in the first mortgage holder foreclosing on our position. We do not expect further losses as the net carrying value of Loch Raven assets and liabilities, including the mortgage payable, is less than zero after reflecting the impairment of long-lived assets recorded in the third quarter of 2008.
In January of 2008, we sold the Rodgers Forge property and paid off the $36,250 mortgage loan in full. In March of 2008, we sold the Monterey property and the buyer assumed the $103,975 mortgage loan in full. These mortgages are included in liabilities held for sale at December 31, 2007.
Warehouse Facilities
We have historically financed our portfolio of securities and loans through the use of repurchase agreements. Currently, we have no warehouse facilities in place that will allow future borrowings. In August 2006, we entered into a master repurchase agreement with Wachovia Bank N.A, or Wachovia. In June 2008, we repaid our remaining obligations and terminated the facility.
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CDO Bonds Payable
On March 28, 2006, we closed on our first CDO issuance (“CDO I”) and retained the entire BB rated J Class with a face amount of $24,000 for $19,200, retained the entire B-rated K Class with a face amount of $20,250 for $14,150 and also retained the non-rated common and preferred shares of CDO I, which issued the CDO bonds with a face amount of $47,250 for $51,740. We issued and sold CDO bonds with a face amount of $508,500 in a private placement to third parties. The proceeds of the CDO issuance were used to repay substantially all of the outstanding principal balance of our then existing two warehouse facilities with an affiliate of Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. of $343,556 and all of the outstanding principal balance of our then existing warehouse facilities with the Bank of America Securities, LLC of $16,250 at closing. The CDO bonds are collateralized by real estate debt investments, consisting of B Notes, mezzanine loans, whole loans and CMBS investments, which are recorded in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2008. Our Manager acts as the collateral manager for our CDO subsidiary but does not receive any fees in connection therewith. CDO I is not a qualified special purpose entity (“QSPE”) as defined under FASB Statement No. 140, (“SFAS 140”) “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities” due to certain permitted activities of CDO I that are not consistent with activities of a QSPE permitted under SFAS 140, such as having the ability to sell impaired securities and acquire replacement securities with the proceeds at the discretion of the collateral administrator. CDO I is consolidated in our financial statements and we have accounted for the CDO I transaction as a financing. The collateral assets that we transferred to CDO I are reflected in our balance sheet. The bonds issued to third parties are reflected as debt on our balance sheet. As of September 30, 2008, CDO bonds of $508,500 were outstanding, with a weighted average interest rate of 3.71%.
In March 2007, Wachovia acted as the exclusive structurer and placement agent with respect to our second CDO transaction (“CDO II”) totaling $1,000,000, which priced on March 2, 2007, and closed on April 2, 2007. We sold $880,000 of bonds with an average cost of 90-day LIBOR plus 40.6 basis points and retained 100% of the equity interests in our CDO subsidiary that issued the CDO notes consisting of preferred and common shares. The notes issued by our CDO subsidiary are secured initially by a portfolio of whole loans, B Notes, mezzanine loans and CMBS. Our Manager acts as the collateral manager for our CDO subsidiary but does not receive any fees in connection therewith. We acted as the advancing agent in connection with the issuance of the CDO notes. CDO II is not a QSPE as defined under SFAS 140 due to certain permitted activities of CDO II that are not consistent with activities of a QSPE permitted under SFAS 140, such as having the ability to sell impaired securities and acquire replacement securities with the proceeds at the discretion of the collateral administrator. CDO II is consolidated in our financial statements and we account for the CDO II transaction as a financing. The collateral assets that we transferred to CDO II are reflected in our balance sheet. The bonds issued to third parties are reflected as debt on our balance sheet. As of September 30, 2008, CDO bonds of $849,200 were outstanding, with a weighted average interest rate of 3.49%. As of September 30, 2008, we had a $75,000 revolver available with $44,200 of borrowing outstanding and $30,800 of remaining capacity. The revolver is available to fund future funding commitments on loans.
The majority of our investments are pledged as collateral for our CDO bonds and the income generated from these investments is used to fund interest obligations of our CDO bonds and the remaining income, if any, is retained by us. Our CDO bonds contain interest coverage and asset over collateralization covenants that must be met in order for us to receive such payments. If we fail our interest coverage or asset over collateralization covenants in either of our CDOs, all cash flows from the CDO would be diverted to repay principal and interest on the outstanding CDO bonds and we would not receive any residual payments until the CDO was back in compliance with such tests. The Company continues to be in compliance with all such covenants as of September 30, 2008. In the event of a breach of our CDO covenants that we could not cure in the near term, we would be required to fund management fees through December 31, 2008, interest on trust preferred securities and other expenses (including compensation expenses after December 31, 2008) through (i) cash on hand, (ii) income from any CDO not in default, (iii) sale of unencumbered assets or (iv) accessing debt or equity capital markets, if available. We have the ability to cure defaults, which would resume normal residual payments to us, by purchasing non-performing loans out of our CDOs. However, we may not have sufficient liquidity available to do so at such time. To the extent such noncompliance continues for an extended period of time, our ability to continue as a going concern may be jeopardized. At September 30, 2008, our most restrictive covenants on our CDOs had an interest coverage ratio of 1.94x and 1.47x for CDO I and CDO II, respectively, compared to minimum requirements of 1.21x and 1.09x. At September 30, 2008, our most restrictive covenants on our CDOs had an asset over collateralization ratio of 1.16x and 1.13x for CDO I and CDO II, respectively, compared to minimum requirements of 1.12x and 1.10x.
NOTE 10—JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
In July 2006, we completed the issuance of $50,000 in unsecured trust preferred securities through a newly formed Delaware statutory trust, CBRE Realty Finance Trust I (“CRFT I”), which is one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. The securities bear interest at a fixed rate of 8.10% for the first ten years ending July 2016. Thereafter the rate will float based on the 90-day LIBOR plus 249 points.
CRFT I issued $1,550 aggregate liquidation amount of common securities, representing 100% of the voting common stock of CRFT I to us for a total purchase price of $1,550. CRFT I used the proceeds from the sale of trust preferred securities and the common securities to purchase our junior subordinated notes. The terms of the junior subordinated notes match the terms of the trust preferred securities. The notes are subordinate and junior in right of payment to all present and future senior indebtedness and certain other financial obligations. We realized net proceeds from the offering of approximately $48,784.
A reconciliation of fair value to unpaid principal for junior subordinated debentures at September 30, 2008 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Unpaid Principal at September 30, 2008 | | Unrealized Gain | | Fair Value at September 30, 2008 |
Junior subordinated debentures | | $50,000 | | $(36,020) | | | | $13,980 |
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NOTE 11—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
On October 30, 2007, a putative class action lawsuit was commenced in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut against CBRE Realty Finance, Inc., our former chief financial officer and our former chief executive officer seeking remedies under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Amended complaints filed on March 25, 2008 and May 6, 2008 added our chairman and the underwriters that participated in our October 2006 initial public offering as additional defendants. The plaintiffs allege that the registration statement and prospectus relating to the initial public offering contained material misstatements and material omissions. Specifically, the plaintiffs allege that management had knowledge of certain loan impairments and did not properly disclose or record such impairments in the financial statements. The plaintiffs seek to represent a class of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired our common stock between September 29, 2006 and August 6, 2007 and seek damages in an unspecified amount. On July 29, 2008, we filed a Motion to Dismiss the putative class action suit with the federal district court for the District of Connecticut. Oral argument before the court has been scheduled for November 2008 in connection with the Motion to Dismiss.
In addition, on January 15, 2008 and February 7, 2008, we received complaints from an attorney representing two stockholders, alleging that certain officers and directors of our company knowingly violated generally accepted accounting principles for certain of our assets. The stockholders demanded that we take action to recover from such directors and officers the amount of damages sustained by us as a result of the misconduct alleged therein and to correct deficiencies in our internal controls and accounting practices that allowed the misconduct to occur. In response to the letters from stockholders’ counsel, the Board of Directors appointed a special committee to investigate the allegations set forth in the letters. On July 10, 2008, the special committee reported its findings to the Board of Directors and recommended that no further action be taken. The Board of Directors has adopted the committee’s recommendation unanimously.
We believe that the allegations and claims against us and our directors, former chief financial officer and former chief executive officer are without merit and we intend to contest these claims vigorously. An adverse resolution of the action could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations in the period in which the lawsuits and claims are resolved. We are not presently able to estimate potential losses to us, if any, related to these lawsuits and claims.
Unfunded Commitments
We currently have unfunded commitments to fund loan advances and joint venture equity contributions. The table below summarizes our unfunded commitments as of September 30, 2008:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Total Commitment Amount | | Current Funded Amount | | Total Unfunded Commitment |
Loans | | $ | 361,446 | | $ | 329,896 | | | | $ | 31,550 |
Joint Venture Equity | | | 16,600 | | | 16,546 | | | | | 54 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 378,046 | | $ | 346,442 | | | | $ | 31,604 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Approximately $31,423 of the unfunded commitments above can be funded through restricted cash or our CDO revolver.
Severance and Retention Plan Obligation
We have a severance and retention plan in place for employees of the Manager, including our executive officers, which could result in an obligation of up to $2,424. The benefits are payable to the employees of the Manager if employment with the Manager is terminated without cause or the employee is not offered a comparable position within specified distances of Hartford, CT after the occurrence of a “Strategic Transaction,” which is defined as (i) a sale of all or substantially all of our company, or all or substantially all of the assets of our company; (ii) a liquidation of our company; (iii) the admission of a new external manager to our company; (iv) the sale of 50% or more of the voting securities of our company; or (v) the internalization of employees of the Manager into our company. For employees representing $2,074 of the $2,424 benefit, in the event an employee is not involuntarily terminated and is offered a comparable position after the occurrence of a Strategic Transaction, the benefit would then be payable in two equal installments on the first and second anniversary dates of the Strategic Transaction, assuming such employee remains employed with us or our successor at each anniversary date. In addition to the severance and retention plan, we also have an obligation of up to $500 for certain executive officers of our Manager that are eligible to receive a special bonus upon the earlier of (i) the consummation of a Strategic Transaction, subject to certain exceptions, or (ii) April 30, 2009. At September 30, 2008, we have accrued a liability of $1,209 for plan benefits earned that we expect to pay under this plan.
NOTE 12—RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Management Agreement
Upon completion of our June 2005 private offering, we entered into a management agreement with our Manager, which was subsequently amended and restated on April 29, 2008 and further amended on October 13, 2008, pursuant to which our Manager provides for the day-to-day management of our operations and receives substantial fees in connection therewith. The management agreement requires our Manager to manage our business affairs in conformity with the policies and the investment guidelines that are approved and monitored by our board of directors. Ray Wirta, our chairman, is the vice chairman of CBRE, Kenneth J. Witkin, our chief executive officer and president and one of our directors, is the executive managing director of our Manager and Michael J. Melody, one of our directors as of September 30, 2008, is the vice chairman in CBRE/Melody. As of September 30, 2008, Mr. Wirta does not hold an economic interest in our Manager and Messrs. Witkin and Melody and our other executive officers indirectly hold an economic interest in our Manager. Our chairman and chief executive officer and president also serve as officers and/or directors of our Manager. As a result, the management agreement between us and our Manager was negotiated between related parties, and the terms, including fees payable, may not be as favorable to us as if it had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. Our executive officers and directors own approximately 9.8% of our Manager.
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Our management agreement has an initial term through December 31, 2008 with automatic one-year extension options for each anniversary date thereafter unless (i) at least two-thirds of our independent directors or the holders of at least a majority of our outstanding common stock agree not to automatically renew because there has been unsatisfactory performance by our Manager that is materially detrimental to our company or (ii) the compensation payable to our Manager is unfair; provided, that we will not have the right to terminate this agreement by claiming unfair compensation to our Manager if our Manager agrees to continue to provide the services under this agreement at a fee that is at least two-thirds of the amount that our independent directors determine to be fair. During the initial term, we may decline to renew the management agreement by providing written notice to our Manager at any time prior to November 30, 2008, in the event of which the management agreement will terminate on December 31, 2008. Additionally, our Manager may decline to renew the management agreement by providing written notice to us no later than November 30, 2008 but not earlier than November 1, 2008, in the event of which the management agreement will also terminate on December 31, 2008. We also have the option to purchase our Manager until the earlier of the termination of the management agreement or December 31, 2008, subject to certain conditions. No termination fee will be payable to our Manager if the management agreement is terminated under any of the circumstances described in the preceding three sentences. After the initial term, our independent directors will review our Manager’s performance annually and the management agreement may be terminated subject to certain termination rights.
We pay our Manager an annual management fee monthly in arrears equal to 1/12th of the sum of (i) 2.0% of our gross stockholders’ equity (as defined in the management agreement), or equity, of the first $400,000 of our equity, (ii) 1.75% of our gross stockholders’ equity in an amount in excess of $400,000 and up to $800,000 and (iii) 1.5% of our gross stockholders’ equity in excess of $800,000. Additionally, from July 26, 2006 to September 27, 2006, we considered the outstanding trust preferred securities as part of gross stockholders’ equity in calculating the base management fee. Our Manager uses the proceeds from its management fee in part to pay compensation to its officers and employees. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, we paid $1,249, $4,455, $1,997, and $6,115 to our Manager for the base management fee under this agreement. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, $308 and $533 of management fees were accrued.
In addition to the base management fee, our Manager may receive quarterly incentive compensation. The purpose of the incentive compensation is to provide an additional incentive for our Manager to achieve targeted levels of Funds From Operations (as defined in the management agreement) (after the base management fee and before incentive compensation) and to increase our stockholder value. Our Manager may receive quarterly incentive compensation in an amount equal to the product of: (i) twenty-five percent (25%) of the dollar amount by which (A) our Funds From Operations (after the base management fee and before the incentive fee) per share of our common stock for such quarter (based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding for such quarter) exceeds (B) an amount equal to (1) the weighted average of the price per share of our common stock in our June 2005 private offering and the prices per share of our common stock in any subsequent offerings (including our IPO), multiplied by (2) the greater of (a) 2.25% or (b) 0.75% plus one-fourth of the Ten Year Treasury Rate (as defined in the management agreement) for such quarter, multiplied by (ii) the weighted average number of shares of our common stock outstanding during the such quarter. We will record any incentive fees as a management fee expense in the period when earned and when payments of such amounts have become probable and reasonably estimable in accordance with the management agreement. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, no amounts were paid or were payable to our Manager for the incentive management fee under this agreement.
The management agreement also provides that we will reimburse our Manager for various expenses incurred by our Manager or its affiliates for documented expenses of our Manager or its affiliates incurred on our behalf, including but not limited to costs associated with formation and capital raising activities and general and administrative expenses. Without regard to the amount of compensation received under the management agreement, our Manager is responsible for the salaries and bonuses of its officers and employees. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, $104 and $138 of expense reimbursements were accrued and are included in other liabilities.
Pursuant to the management agreement, after April 30, 2008, CBRE and CBRE Melody & Company may compete with us with respect to the acquisition and finance of real estate-related loans, structured finance debt investments and CMBS. In addition, we are responsible for severance of all employees of our Manager, including certain of our executive officers, an obligation that we estimate will not exceed $2,924.
The management agreement with our Manager expires on December 31, 2008 and, subsequent to September 30, 2008, we, our Manager and CBRE|Melody mutually determined not to renew the management agreement. The management agreement will expire by its terms on December 31, 2008. The expiration of the management agreement will end our affiliation with CBRE and affiliates of CBRE effective December 31, 2008. As a result, we will be internalizing the operations currently performed by our Manager into our Company through either (i) the acquisition of our Manager for consideration of $1 as provided for in our amended management agreement or (ii) the hiring of the employees currently employed by our Manager. In addition to securing necessary employee resources, we will also be required to replace functions currently performed or facilitated by CBRE|Melody such as replacing payroll and other back office functions and obtaining standalone insurance coverage. After the management agreement expires by its terms, we will no longer pay any management fees. However, such fees will be replaced by costs that had been absorbed by our Manager, primarily consisting of compensation costs. No fees will be paid by us in connection with the expiration of the management agreement. Management is currently in the process of transitioning to an internal structure, including obtaining required approvals from CDO bondholders, and expects to have all necessary activities completed by December 31, 2008.
Collateral Management Agreements
In connection with the closing of CDO I, in March 2006, the Issuer, CBRE Realty Finance CDO 2006-1 Ltd., entered into a collateral management agreement with our Manager. Pursuant to this agreement, our Manager has agreed to provide certain advisory and administrative services in relation to the collateral debt securities and other eligible investments securing the CDO notes. This collateral management agreement provides for a senior collateral management fee, payable monthly in accordance with the priority of payments as set forth in the indenture, equal to 1/12 of 0.10% per annum of the net outstanding portfolio balance, and an additional subordinate collateral management fee, payable monthly in accordance with the priority of payments as set forth in the indenture, equal to 1/12 of 0.15% per annum of the net outstanding portfolio balance. Net outstanding portfolio balance is the sum of the (i) aggregate principal balance of the collateral debt securities, excluding defaulted securities, (ii) aggregate principal balance of all principal proceeds held as cash and eligible investments in certain accounts, and (iii) with respect to the defaulted securities, the calculation amount of such defaulted securities. Effective March 28, 2006, until further notice, the collateral manager agreed to remit to us the collateral management fees that it is entitled to receive. At September 30, 2008, we owned all of the non-investment grade bonds, preferred equity and equity in CDO I. The senior collateral management fee and the subordinate collateral management fee is allocated to us. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we did not reimburse our Manager for any expenses to our Manager under such collateral management agreement.
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In connection with the closing of CDO II, in April 2007, the Issuer, CBRE Realty Finance CDO 2007-1 Ltd., entered into a collateral management agreement with our Manager. Pursuant to this agreement, our Manager has agreed to provide certain advisory and administrative services in relation to the collateral debt securities and other eligible investments securing the CDO notes. This collateral management agreement provides for a senior collateral management fee, payable monthly in accordance with the priority of payments as set forth in the indenture, equal to 1/4 of 0.15% per annum of the net outstanding portfolio balance, and an additional subordinate collateral management fee, payable monthly in accordance with the priority of payments as set forth in the indenture, equal to 1/4 of 0.20% per annum of the net outstanding portfolio balance. Net outstanding portfolio balance is the sum of the (i) aggregate principal balance of the collateral debt securities, excluding defaulted securities, (ii) aggregate principal balance of all principal proceeds held as cash and eligible investments in certain accounts, and (iii) with respect to the defaulted securities, the calculation amount of such defaulted securities. The collateral manager agreed to remit to us the collateral management fees that it is entitled to receive. At September 30, 2008, we owned all of the non-investment grade bonds, preferred equity and equity in the CDO. The senior collateral management fee and the subordinate collateral management fee is allocated to us. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we did not reimburse our Manager for any expenses to our Manager under such collateral management agreement.
Affiliates
As of September 30, 2008, an affiliate of our Manager, CBRE Melody of Texas, LP and its principals, owned 1.1 million shares (which were purchased in our June 2005 private offering) of our common stock, 300,000 shares of restricted common stock, and had options to purchase an additional 500,000 shares of common stock.
GEMSA Servicing
GEMSA Loan Services, L.P., which we refer to as GEMSA, is utilized by us as a loan servicer. GEMSA is a joint venture between CBRE|Melody & and GE Capital Real Estate. GEMSA is a rated master and primary servicer. Our fees for GEMSA’s services are at what we believe to be market rates. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we paid or had payable an aggregate of approximately $61, $189, $68, and $182, respectively, to GEMSA in connection with its loan servicing of a part of our portfolio.
CBRE License Agreement
In connection with our June 2005 private offering, we entered into a license agreement with CBRE and one of its affiliates pursuant to which they granted us a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use the name “CBRE.” Under this agreement, we have a right to use the “CBRE” name, as long as our Manager or one of its affiliates remains our manager and our manager remains an affiliate of CBRE. Other than with respect to this limited license, we have no legal right to the “CBRE” name. CBRE has the right to terminate the license agreement if its affiliate is no longer acting as our manager. After the management agreement expires by its terms on December 31, 2008, we will be required to change our name and will no longer have the right to use the “CBRE” mark in our name or in the name of any of our subsidiaries.
Torto Wheaton Research License Agreement
Torto Wheaton Research, or TWR, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of CBRE that provides research products and publications to us under a license agreement. The cost of this license agreement is at what we believe to be market rates. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we paid or had payable an aggregate of approximately $0, $55, $0, and $55, respectively, in licensing fees to TWR in connection with the license agreement.
NOTE 13—STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Capital Stock
Our authorized capital stock consists of 150,000,000 shares of capital stock, $0.01 par value per share, of which we have authorized the issuance of 100,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, 30,863,100 and 30,920,225 shares, respectively, of our common stock were issued and outstanding and no shares of our preferred stock were issued and outstanding.
Equity Incentive Plan
We established a 2005 equity incentive plan, (“2005 Equity Incentive Plan”) for officers, directors, consultants and advisors, including our Manager, its employees and other related persons. The 2005 Equity Incentive Plan authorizes (i) the grant of stock options that qualify as incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Code, or ISOs; (ii) the grant of stock options that do not qualify, or NQSOs and (iii) grants of shares of restricted common stock. The exercise price of stock options will be determined by the compensation committee and fully ratified by the board of directors, but may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share on the day the option is granted. The total number of shares subject to awards granted under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan may not exceed 2,000,000.
A summary of our stock options is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine months ended September 30, 2008 | | Year ended December 31, 2007 |
| | Options Outstanding | | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | | Options Outstanding | | | Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Balance at beginning of period | | 979,102 | | | $ | 14.22 | | 866,434 | | | $ | 15.00 |
Granted | | — | | | | — | | 136,000 | | | | 9.22 |
Lapsed or cancelled | | (84,401 | ) | | | 13.73 | | (23,332 | ) | | | 13.85 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at end of period | | 894,701 | | | $ | 14.27 | | 979,102 | | | $ | 14.22 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Exercisable | | 807,907 | | | $ | 14.85 | | 576,906 | | | $ | 14.89 |
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As of September 30, 2008, 112,350 awards were available for issuance under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan. At September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, there were 208,162 and 530,063 unvested restricted shares outstanding, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock reflects an expected forfeiture assumption of 8.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
The fair value of the options was estimated by reference to the Black-Scholes-Merton formula, a closed-form option pricing model. Given our short history as a publicly-traded company, we estimated the volatility of our stock based on available information on volatility of stocks of other publicly held companies in the industry. Since the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan has characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and since the assumptions used in such model, particularly the volatility assumption, are subject to significant judgment and variability, the actual value of the options could vary materially from management’s estimate.
The assumptions used in such model as of September 30, 2008 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Input Variables | | June 2005 Grant | | | January 2006 Grant | | | August 2006 Grant | | | September 2006 Grant | | | March 2007 Grant | | | September 2007 Grant | | | December 2007 Grant | |
Exercise Price | | $ | 15.00 | | | $ | 15.00 | | | $ | 15.00 | | | $ | 15.00 | | | $ | 13.08 | | | $ | 5.89 | | | $ | 5.34 | |
Remaining term (in years) | | | 1.7 | | | | 2.3 | | | | 2.9 | | | | 3.0 | | | | 3.4 | | | | 3.9 | | | | 4.2 | |
Risk-free interest rate | | | 1.9 | % | | | 2.1 | % | | | 2.3 | % | | | 2.3 | % | | | 2.5 | % | | | 2.6 | % | | | 2.7 | % |
Volatility | | | 54.9 | % | | | 49.7 | % | | | 45.8 | % | | | 45.8 | % | | | 43.2 | % | | | 41.1 | % | | | 41.1 | % |
Dividend yield | | | 21.0 | % | | | 21.0 | % | | | 21.0 | % | | | 21.0 | % | | | 21.0 | % | | | 21.0 | % | | | 21.0 | % |
Estimated forfeitures | | | 5.0 | % | | | 5.0 | % | | | 5.0 | % | | | 5.0 | % | | | 5.0 | % | | | 5.0 | % | | | 5.0 | % |
Estimated fair value | | $ | 0.00 | | | $ | 0.00 | | | $ | 0.00 | | | $ | 0.00 | | | $ | 0.00 | | | $ | 0.00 | | | $ | 0.00 | |
The assumptions used in such model as of September 30, 2007 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Input Variables | | June 2005 Grant | | | January 2006 Grant | | | August 2006 Grant | | | September 2006 Grant | | | March 2007 Grant | | | September 2007 Grant | |
Exercise Price | | $ | 15.00 | | | $ | 15.00 | | | $ | 15.00 | | | $ | 15.00 | | | $ | 13.08 | | | $ | 5.89 | |
Remaining term (in years) | | | 2.7 | | | | 3.3 | | | | 3.9 | | | | 4.0 | | | | 4.4 | | | | 4.9 | |
Risk-free interest rate | | | 4.1 | % | | | 4.1 | % | | | 4.1 | % | | | 4.1 | % | | | 4.2 | % | | | 4.2 | % |
Volatility | | | 27.8 | % | | | 26.7 | % | | | 27.1 | % | | | 27.1 | % | | | 27.6 | % | | | 29.4 | % |
Dividend yield | | | 14.9 | % | | | 14.9 | % | | | 14.9 | % | | | 14.9 | % | | | 14.9 | % | | | 14.9 | % |
Estimated forfeitures | | | 5.0 | % | | | 5.0 | % | | | 5.0 | % | | | 5.0 | % | | | 5.0 | % | | | 5.0 | % |
Estimated fair value | | $ | 0.00 | | | $ | 0.00 | | | $ | 0.01 | | | $ | 0.01 | | | $ | 0.02 | | | $ | 0.29 | |
NOTE 14—DERIVATIVES
In the normal course of business, we use a variety of derivative instruments to manage, or hedge, interest rate risk. Some derivative instruments are associated with an anticipated transaction. In those cases, hedge effectiveness criteria also require that it is probable that the underlying transaction is expected to occur. Instruments that meet these hedging criteria are formally designated as hedges at the inception of the derivative contract.
We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking each hedge transaction and how ineffectiveness of the hedging instrument, if any, will be measured. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges.
Our derivative products typically include interest rate swaps and basis swaps. We expressly prohibit the use of unconventional derivative instruments and using derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Further, we have a policy of only entering into contracts with major financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other factors.
On the date we enter into a derivative contract, the derivative is designated as: (1) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized liability; (2) a hedge of exposure to fair value of a recognized fixed-rate asset; or (3) a contract not qualifying for hedge accounting.
On January 1, 2008, we adopted SFAS 159 for several financial instruments, including CDO bonds, which are the instruments that we seek to minimize interest rate risk through hedging activities. Because CDO bonds are recorded at fair value, all interest rate swaps outstanding at January 1, 2008 no longer qualify for hedge accounting and subsequent changes in fair value are recorded as component of income from continuing operations.
We use interest rate swaps and basis swaps to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk associated with its borrowings. The counterparties to these contractual arrangements are Deutsche Bank AG, New York, and Wachovia, with which we and our affiliates may also have other financial relationships. Our hedging transactions using derivative instruments also involve certain additional risks such as counterparty credit risk, the enforceability of hedging contracts and the risk that unanticipated and significant changes in interest rates will cause a significant loss of basis in the contract. The severe issues in the credit markets have significantly raised concerns over counterparty credit risk, even with those counterparties long perceived to be safe due to their size, history and reputation. As of September 30, 2008, we believe our counterparty credit risk is minimal given that we are in a net liability position for each counterparty that we have open hedging transactions with. As a result, we do not anticipate that any counterparty will fail to meet their obligations. We will continue to closely monitor our hedge positions and consider counterparty credit risk; however, there can be no assurance that we will be able to adequately protect against the foregoing risks and will ultimately realize an economic benefit that exceeds the related amounts incurred in connection with engaging in such hedging strategies.
The following table summarizes the fair value of the derivative instruments held as of September 30, 2008:
| | | | |
Contract | | Estimated Fair Value at September 30, 2008 | |
Interest rate swaps | | $ | (44,723 | ) |
Basis swaps | | | 71 | |
| | | | |
Total | | $ | (44,652 | ) |
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The following table summarizes the fair value of the derivative instruments held as of December 31, 2007:
| | | | |
Contract | | Estimated Fair Value at December 31, 2007 | |
Interest rate swaps | | $ | (40,403 | ) |
Basis swaps | | | 125 | |
| | | | |
Total | | $ | (40,278 | ) |
NOTE 15—EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. In accordance with SFAS No. 128 “Earnings Per Share,” certain shares of nonvested restricted stock are not included in the calculation of basic EPS (even though shares of nonvested restricted stock are legally outstanding). Diluted earnings per share takes into account the effect of dilutive instruments, such as common stock options and shares of unvested restricted common stock using the treasury stock method.
The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 | | | Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 | |
Net Income Used to Calculate Earnings Per Share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations | | $ | (52,526 | ) | | $ | 5,682 | | | $ | (39,782 | ) | | $ | 3,108 | |
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations | | | (2,997 | ) | | | (55,641 | ) | | | 962 | | | | (56,051 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (55,523 | ) | | $ | (49,959 | ) | | $ | (38,820 | ) | | $ | (52,943 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and Diluted: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding (in thousands) | | | 30,631 | | | | 30,378 | | | | 30,515 | | | | 30,253 | |
Plus: Incremental shares from assumed conversion of dilutive instruments (in thousands) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjusted weighted-average number of shares outstanding | | | 30,631 | | | | 30,378 | | | | 30,515 | | | | 30,253 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted earnings per share from continuing operations | | $ | (1.71 | ) | | $ | 0.19 | | | $ | (1.30 | ) | | $ | 0.10 | |
Basic and diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations | | | (0.10 | ) | | | (1.83 | ) | | | 0.03 | | | | (1.85 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted earnings per share | | $ | (1.81 | ) | | $ | (1.64 | ) | | $ | (1.27 | ) | | $ | (1.75 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NOTE 16—DIVIDENDS
On September 24, 2008, we declared dividends of $0.05 per share of common stock, payable with respect to the three month period ended September 30, 2008, to stockholders of record at the close of business on September 30, 2008. We paid these dividends on October 17, 2008.
NOTE 17—SUBSEQUENT EVENT
On October 13, 2008, we, our Manager, CBRE and CBRE|Melody entered into the First Amendment (the “First Amendment”) to Amended and Restated Management Agreement, dated April 29, 2008. The First Amendment extended the time period during which the Company and/or the Manager may provide notice to terminate the Management Agreement from the period between October 1, 2008 and October 31, 2008 to the period between November 1, 2008 and November 30, 2008.
The management agreement with our Manager expires on December 31, 2008 and, subsequent to September 30, 2008, we, our Manager and CBRE|Melody mutually determined not to renew the management agreement. The management agreement will expire by its terms on December 31, 2008. The expiration of the management agreement will end our affiliation with CBRE and affiliates of CBRE effective December 31, 2008. As a result, we will be internalizing the operations currently performed by our Manager into our Company through either (i) the acquisition of our Manager for consideration of $1 as provided for in our amended management agreement or (ii) the hiring of the employees currently employed by our Manager. In addition to securing necessary employee resources, we will also be required to replace functions currently performed or facilitated by CBRE|Melody such as replacing payroll and other back office functions and obtaining standalone insurance coverage. After the management agreement expires by its terms, we will no longer pay any management fees. However, such fees will be replaced by costs that had been absorbed by our Manager, primarily consisting of compensation costs. No fees will be paid by us in connection with the expiration of the management agreement. Management is currently in the process of transitioning to an internal structure, including obtaining required approvals from CDO bondholders, and expects to have all necessary activities completed by December 31, 2008.
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
Overview
CBRE Realty Finance, Inc. was organized in Maryland on May 10, 2005, as a commercial real estate specialty finance company focused on originating and acquiring whole loans, bridge loans, subordinate interests in whole loans, or B Notes, commercial mortgage-backed securities, or CMBS, and mezzanine loans, primarily in the United States. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to “we,” “our,” and “us” in this quarterly report mean CBRE Realty Finance, Inc., a Maryland corporation, our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries and our ownership in joint venture assets and real estate projects. As of September 30, 2008, we also own interests in eight joint venture assets, two of which are consolidated in the condensed consolidated financial statements. We commenced operations on June 9, 2005. We are a holding company and conduct our business through wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries.
We are externally managed and advised by CBRE Realty Finance Management, LLC, our Manager, an indirect subsidiary of CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc., or CBRE, and a direct subsidiary of CBRE Melody & Company, or CBRE|Melody. As of September 30, 2008, CBRE|Melody also owned an approximately 4.5% interest in the outstanding shares of our common stock. In addition, certain of our executive officers and directors owned an approximately 6.7% interest in the outstanding shares of our common stock. The management agreement with our Manager expires on December 31, 2008 and, subsequent to September 30, 2008, we, our Manager and CBRE|Melody mutually determined not to renew the management agreement. The management agreement will expire by its terms on December 31, 2008. The expiration of the management agreement will end our affiliation with CBRE and affiliates of CBRE effective December 31, 2008. As a result, we will be internalizing the operations currently performed by our Manager into our Company through either (i) the acquisition of our Manager for consideration of $1 as provided for in our amended management agreement or (ii) the hiring of the employees currently employed by our Manager. In addition to securing necessary employee resources, we will also be required to replace functions currently performed or facilitated by CBRE|Melody such as replacing payroll and other back office functions and obtaining standalone insurance coverage. After the management agreement expires by its terms, we will no longer pay any management fees. However, such fees will be replaced by costs that had been absorbed by our Manager, primarily consisting of compensation costs. No fees will be paid by us in connection with the expiration of the management agreement. Management is currently in the process of transitioning to an internal structure, including obtaining required approvals from CDO bondholders, and expects to have all necessary activities completed by December 31, 2008.
In connection with becoming an internally managed company, we intend to change our name to Realty Finance Corporation effective on January 1, 2009.
In contemplation with internalization, Michael J. Melody and David P. Marks have agreed to resign from our board of directors effective as of November 4, 2008. Mr. Melody and Mr. Marks have served on our Board since 2005.
On November 4, 2008, the 30 trading-day average market capitalization of our common stock fell below $25 million, resulting in the permanent delisting of our common stock from the New York Stock Exchange. Our common stock will now being traded through normal brokerage channels on the OTC Bulletin Board (“OTCBB”). The OTCBB is an electronic, regulated quotation service that displays real-time quotes, last-sale prices, and volume information for over-the-counter equity securities issued by companies that are subject to periodic filing requirements with the SEC or other regulatory authority. While the trading on our common stock on the OTCBB does not affect our business operations, the trading volume and liquidity of our common stock may be adversely impacted.
We have elected to qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for U. S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2005. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U. S. federal income tax on that portion of income that is distributed to stockholders if at least 90% of the our REIT taxable income is distributed to our stockholders. We conduct our operations so as to not be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act. We also conduct business through our wholly-owned taxable REIT subsidiary, or TRS, CBRE Realty Finance TRS, Inc.
Our objective is to grow our portfolio and provide attractive total returns to our investors over time through a combination of dividends and capital appreciation. Our business primarily focuses on originating, acquiring, investing in, financing and managing a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate related loans and securities. Our investment focus is on opportunities in North America.
Historically we have generally matched our assets and liabilities in terms of base interest rates (generally 30-day LIBOR) and expected duration. When markets permit, we generally issue collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs, which enable us to secure term financing and match fund our assets and liabilities to achieve our financing and return objectives.
In July 2007, when concerns over the sub-prime residential markets began impacting liquidity and valuations in the commercial real estate market, we suspended new investment activity due to the uncertainty about our ability to secure short-term financing under repurchase agreements and long-term financing through the use of CDOs. Although we do not have any direct sub prime exposure or direct exposure to the single family mortgage market, the factors described above have resulted in substantially reduced mortgage loan originations and securitizations, and caused more generalized credit market dislocations and a significant contraction in available credit. As a result, most financial industry participants, including commercial real estate lenders and investors, continue to find it difficult to obtain cost-effective debt capital to finance new investment activity or to refinance maturing debt.
During the first nine months of 2008, the global capital markets continued to experience tremendous volatility and a wide-ranging lack of liquidity. The impact of the global credit crisis on our sector has been acute. Transaction volume has declined significantly, credit spreads for all forms of mortgage debt have reached all-time highs, issuance levels of commercial mortgage backed securities, or CMBS, have ground to a halt, and other forms of financing from the debt markets have been dramatically curtailed. Financial institutions still hold significant inventories of unsold loans and CMBS, creating a further overhang on the markets. We believe that the continuing dislocation in the debt capital markets, coupled with a slowdown in the U.S. economy, has already reduced property valuations and will ultimately impact real estate fundamentals. These developments can impact and have impacted the performance of our existing portfolio of assets. Furthermore, the volatility in the capital markets has caused stress to all financial institutions and, our business is dependent upon these counterparties for, among other things, financing and interest rate derivatives. As we await the credit and capital markets to improve and stabilize, our primary focus has been securing our liquidity by paying down and terminating outstanding short-term repurchase agreements and managing our existing portfolio of assets to minimize credit risks where possible. The current credit and capital market environment remains unstable and we continue to review and analyze the impact on potential avenues of liquidity. We expect credit and capital market conditions to continue to be challenging throughout the remainder of 2008 and into 2009.
Subsequent to September 30, 2008, we substantially completed the process of evaluating strategic and operational initiatives with Goldman Sachs. Based on the continued decline in the capital and credit markets which has had a severe adverse impact on our valuations and our ability to obtain financing, management concluded that a sale of our company, merger or other business combination, capital investment or other strategic alternatives at the present time was either not available or was not in the best interest of stockholders. We will continue to explore and evaluate future opportunities as they present themselves, however, our primary focus will remain on maximizing the value of our current $1.4 billion investment portfolio and non-recourse long-term financing in place through our two CDOs. As a result of the rapidly changing and evolving markets that continue to create challenges in our industry and in the general economy, we are experiencing the following: (i) no loan originations or other investment activity, (ii) lower operating margins due to lack of scale, (iii) reduced access to capital, if at all, and if such capital is available at significantly increased costs, (iv) an increase in non-performing loans and watch list assets and (v) reduced cash available for distribution to stockholders, particularly as our portfolio is reduced by scheduled maturities, prepayments and non-performing loans. Our $1.4 billion investment portfolio has decreased by approximately 15% from December 31, 2007 based on these factors.
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As we continue to assess the impact of the credit and capital markets on our long-term business strategy, we have been focused on actively managing our existing investment portfolio. As of September 30, 2008, the net carrying value of our investments was approximately $1.4 billion, including origination costs and fees and net of repayments and sales of partial interests in loans and CMBS, with a weighted average spread to 30-day LIBOR of 311 basis points for our floating rate investments and a weighted average yield of 7.13% for our fixed rate investments. Our portfolio is comprised solely of commercial real estate debt and equity investments with no sub-prime exposure. We have long-term financing in place through our first CDO issuance, which provides approximately $508.5 million of financing with an average cost of 30-day LIBOR plus 50.6 basis points and our second CDO issuance which provides $849.2 million of financing with an average cost of 90-day LIBOR plus 40.6 basis points. Our CDOs contain reinvestment periods of five years during which we can use the proceeds of loan repayments to fund new investments. As of September 30, 2008, we had approximately 2.5 years and 3.5 years remaining in our reinvestment period for our first and second CDO, respectively.
Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund loans and other investments, pay dividends, fund debt service and for other general corporate purposes. On September 30, 2008, we had approximately $18.7 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents. We have long-term financing for 100% of our encumbered portfolio in place through our existing CDOs and mortgage loans. Our primary sources of funds for short-term liquidity requirements, including working capital, distributions, if any, debt service and additional investments, if any, consist of (i) cash flow from operations; (ii) proceeds from our existing CDOs; (iii) proceeds from principal and interest payments on our unencumbered investments; (iv) proceeds from potential loan and asset sales; and, to a lesser extent, (v) new financings or additional securitization or CDO offerings and (vi) proceeds from additional common or preferred equity offerings. We believe these sources of funds will be sufficient to meet our liquidity requirements for at least the next twelve months.
Due to continued market turbulence, we do not anticipate having the ability in the near term to access debt capital through warehouse lines, new CDO issuances, or new trust preferred issuances. We continue to explore equity and other capital raising options as well as other strategic alternatives as they present themselves; however, in the event we are not able to successfully secure financing, we will rely on cash flows from operations, principal payments on our investments, and proceeds from asset and loan sales to satisfy these requirements. If we (i) are unable to renew, replace or expand our sources of financing, (ii) are unable to execute asset and loan sales in a timely manner or to receive anticipated proceeds therefrom or (iii) fully utilize available cash, it may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Our current and future borrowings may require us, among other restrictive covenants, to keep uninvested cash on hand, to maintain a certain portion of our assets free from liens and to secure such borrowings with our assets. These conditions could limit our ability to do further borrowings. If we are unable to make required payments under such borrowings, breach any representation or warranty in the loan documents or violate any covenant contained in a loan document, our lenders may accelerate the maturity of our debt or require us to pledge more collateral. If we are unable to pay off our borrowings in such a situation, (i) we may need to prematurely sell the assets securing such debt, (ii) the lenders could accelerate the debt and foreclose on our assets that are pledged as collateral to such lenders, (iii) such lenders could force us into bankruptcy, (iv) such lenders could force us to take other actions to protect the value of their collateral and (v) our other debt financings could become immediately due and payable. Any such event would have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, the value of our common stock and the ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
The majority of our investments are pledged as collateral for our CDO bonds and the income generated from these investments is used to fund interest obligations of our CDO bonds and the remaining income, if any, is retained by us. Our CDO bonds contain interest coverage and asset over collateralization covenants that must be met in order for us to receive such payments. If we fail our interest coverage or asset over collateralization covenants in either of our CDOs, all cash flows from the CDO would be diverted to repay principal and interest on the outstanding CDO bonds and we would not receive any residual payments until the CDO was back in compliance with such tests. The Company continues to be in compliance with all such covenants as of September 30, 2008. In the event of a breach of our CDO covenants that we could not cure in the near term, we would be required to fund management fees through December 31, 2008, interest on trust preferred securities and other expenses (including compensation expenses after December 31, 2008) through (i) cash on hand, (ii) income from any CDO not in default, (iii) sale of unencumbered assets or (iv) accessing debt or equity capital markets, if available. We have the ability to cure defaults, which would resume normal residual payments to us, by purchasing non-performing loans out of our CDOs. However, we may not have sufficient liquidity available to do so at such time. To the extent such noncompliance continues for an extended period of time, our ability to continue as a going concern may be jeopardized. At September 30, 2008, our most restrictive covenants on our CDOs had an interest coverage ratio of 1.94x and 1.47x for CDO I and CDO II, respectively, compared to minimum requirements of 1.21x and 1.09x. At September 30, 2008, our most restrictive covenants on our CDOs had an asset over collateralization ratio of 1.16x and 1.13x for CDO I and CDO II, respectively, compared to minimum requirements of 1.12x and 1.10x.
As of September 30, 2008, our investment portfolio of approximately $1.4 billion in assets, including origination costs and fees, and net of repayments and sales of partial interests in loans, consisted of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Weighted Average | |
Security Description | | Carrying Value | | | Number of Investments | | Percent of Total Investments | | | Coupon | | | Yield to Maturity | | | LTV | |
| | (In thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Whole loans(1) | | $ | 855,156 | | | 39 | | 55.8 | % | | 6.53 | % | | 6.34 | % | | 71 | % |
B Notes | | | 218,401 | | | 11 | | 14.3 | % | | 7.55 | % | | 7.88 | % | | 53 | % |
Mezzanine loans | | | 260,934 | | | 13 | | 17.0 | % | | 9.24 | % | | 8.94 | % | | 53 | % |
CMBS | | | 155,934 | | | 67 | | 10.2 | % | | 5.86 | % | | 7.22 | % | | — | |
Joint venture investments(2) | | | 41,391 | | | 8 | | 2.7 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investments | | $ | 1,531,816 | | | 138 | | 100.0 | % | | | | | | | | | |
Loan loss reserve | | | (122,402 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investments, net | | $ | 1,409,414 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Includes originated whole loans, acquired whole loans and bridge loans. |
(2) | Includes our equity investment in two limited liability companies which are deemed to be VIEs and which we consolidate in our financial statements because we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of these VIEs under FIN 46R. |
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Outlook
Our business strategy of originating and acquiring investments is affected by general U.S. commercial real estate fundamentals and the overall U.S. economic environment. Further, our strategy is influenced by the specific characteristics of the underlying real estate assets that serve as collateral for our investments. We have designed our strategy to be flexible so that we can adjust our investment activities and portfolio weightings given changes in the U.S. commercial real estate capital and property markets and the U.S. economy.
Beginning in the third quarter of 2007, the global economy was impacted by the deterioration of the U.S. sub-prime residential mortgage market and the weakening of the U.S. housing markets, both of which have become worse than many economists had predicted. The significant increase in the foreclosure activity and rising interest rates in mid-2007 depressed housing prices further as problems in the sub-prime markets spread to the other mortgage markets. The well-publicized problems in the residential markets spread to other financial markets, causing corporate credit spreads (or cost of funds) to widen dramatically. Banks and other lending institutions started to tighten lending standards and restrict credit. The structured credit markets, including the CMBS and CDO markets, have seized up as investors have shunned the asset class due to sub-prime and transparency worries. In particular, the short-term, three to five year floating rate debt market has effectively shut down and as the turmoil continues to spread, almost all fixed income capital markets have been negatively impacted and liquidity in these markets remains severely limited. While delinquencies in the commercial real estate markets remain quite low, the lack of liquidity in the CMBS and other commercial mortgage markets is negatively impacting sales and financing activity. While we believe these conditions are temporary and the commercial real estate market has strong fundamentals over the long-term, we are unable to predict how long these trends will continue and what long-term impact they may have on the market.
In response to recent market disruptions, legislators and financial regulators implemented a number of mechanisms designed to add stability to the financial markets, including the provision of direct and indirect assistance to distressed financial institutions, assistance by the banking authorities in arranging acquisitions of weakened banks and broker-dealers, implementation of programs by the Federal Reserve to provide liquidity to the commercial paper markets and temporary prohibitions on short sales of certain financial institution securities. On October 3, 2008, the President of the United States signed into law the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, or the EESA. The EESA provides the U.S. Secretary of Treasury with the authority to establish a Troubled Asset Relief Program, or TARP, to purchase from financial institutions up to $700 billion of residential or commercial mortgages and any securities, obligations, or other instruments that are based on, or related to, such mortgages, that in each case was originated or issued on or before March 14, 2008, as well as any other financial instrument that the U.S. Secretary of Treasury, after consultation with the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, determines the purchase of which is necessary to promote financial market stability, upon transmittal of such determination, in writing, to the appropriate committees of the U.S. Congress. In addition, the U.S. Secretary of Treasury has the authority to establish a program to guarantee, upon request from a financial institution, the timely payment of principal and interest on these financial assets. The overall effects of these and other legislative and regulatory efforts on the financial markets is uncertain, and they may not have the intended stabilization effects. Should these or other legislative or regulatory initiatives fail to stabilize and add liquidity to the financial markets, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
Even if legislative or regulatory initiatives or other efforts successfully stabilize and add liquidity to the financial markets, we may need to modify our strategies, businesses or operations, and we may incur increased capital requirements and constraints or additional costs in order to satisfy new regulatory requirements or to compete in a changed business environment. It is uncertain what effects recently enacted or future legislation or regulatory initiatives will have on us. Given the volatile nature of the current market disruption and the uncertainties underlying efforts to mitigate or reverse the disruption, we may not timely anticipate or manage existing, new or additional risks, contingencies or developments, including regulatory developments and trends in new products and services, in the current or future environment. Our failure to do so could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
In the short-term, we believe the current environment of rapidly changing and evolving markets will provide increasing challenges to our industry, our company and the general economy. While we continue to believe the commercial lending business has strong long-term fundamentals and is being adversely affected by recent volatility in the credit and capital markets, due to these uncertainties, we are experiencing the following: (i) no loan originations or other investment activity, (ii) lower operating margins due to lack of scale, (iii) reduced access to capital, if at all, and if such capital is available at significantly increased costs, (iv) an increase in non-performing loans and watch list assets and (v) reduced cash available for distribution to stockholders, particularly as our portfolio is reduced by scheduled maturities, prepayments and non-performing loans. Our $1.4 billion investment portfolio has decreased by approximately 15% from December 31, 2007 based on these factors.
In July 2007, when concerns over the sub-prime residential markets began impacting liquidity and valuations in the commercial real estate market, we suspended new investment activity due to the uncertainty about our ability to secure short-term financing under repurchase agreements and long-term financing through the use of CDOs. Although we do not have any direct sub-prime exposure or direct exposure to the single family mortgage market, the factors described above have resulted in substantially reduced mortgage loan originations and securitizations, and caused more generalized credit market dislocations and a significant contraction in available credit. As a result, most financial industry participants, including commercial real estate lenders and investors, continue to find it difficult to obtain cost-effective debt capital to finance new investment activity or to refinance maturing debt.
During the first nine months of 2008, the global capital markets continued to experience tremendous volatility and a wide-ranging lack of liquidity. The impact of the global credit crisis on our sector has been acute. Transaction volume has declined significantly, credit spreads for all forms of mortgage debt have reached all-time highs, issuance levels of commercial mortgage backed securities, or CMBS, have ground to a halt, and other forms of financing from the debt markets have been dramatically curtailed. Financial institutions still hold significant inventories of unsold loans and CMBS, creating a further overhang on the markets. We believe that the continuing dislocation in the debt capital markets, coupled with a slowdown in the U.S. economy, has already reduced property valuations and will ultimately impact real estate fundamentals. These developments can impact and have impacted the performance of our existing portfolio of assets. Furthermore, the volatility in the capital markets has caused stress to all financial institutions and, our business is dependent upon these counterparties for, among other things, financing and interest rate derivatives. As we await the credit and capital markets to improve and stabilize, our primary focus has been securing our liquidity by paying down and terminating outstanding short-term repurchase agreements and managing our existing portfolio of assets to minimize credit risks where possible. The current credit and capital market environment remains unstable and we continue to review and analyze the impact on potential avenues of liquidity. We expect credit and capital market conditions to continue to be challenging throughout the remainder of 2008 and into 2009.
The current credit and capital market environment remains unstable and we continue to review and analyze the impact on potential avenues of liquidity. Subsequent to September 30, 2008, we substantially completed the process of evaluating strategic and operational initiatives with Goldman Sachs. Based on the continued decline in the capital and credit markets which has had a severe adverse impact on our valuations and our ability to obtain financing, management concluded that a sale of our company, merger or other business combination, capital investment or other strategic alternatives at the present time was either not available or was not in the best interest of stockholders. We will continue to explore and evaluate future opportunities as they present themselves, however, our primary focus will remain on maximizing the value of our current $1.4 billion investment portfolio and non-recourse long-term financing in place through our two CDOs.
Due to our status as a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to stockholders. As our loans are repaid and/or we sell our loans, if we do not begin lending again, we will experience declines in the size of the investment portfolio over time. Net losses and a reduction in the size of our investment portfolio would also result in reduced taxable income and cash available for distribution and a lower dividend as compared to historical standards. Our dividend decreased by $0.12 per share from $0.17 per share for three months ended September 30, 2007 to $0.05 per share for the three months ended September 30, 2008.
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During the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and the year ended December 31, 2007, we received approximately $56.3 million and $322 million, respectively, of proceeds from a combination of (i) scheduled principal payments and maturities, (ii) loan prepayments and (iii) loan sales. This trend may continue in the remainder of 2008 and 2009 and we expect we may make a limited number of new investments to fully utilize capacity on our existing CDOs. Our CDOs contain reinvestment periods of five years during which we can use the proceeds of loan repayments, if any, to fund new investments. As of September 30, 2008, we have approximately 2.5 years and 3.5 years remaining in our reinvestment period for our first and second CDOs, respectively. The volume of any new investment activity would be substantially lower than our historical production levels.
As of September 30, 2008, we had approximately $18.7 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents. We have long-term financing for 100% of our encumbered portfolio in place through our existing CDOs and mortgage loans. In order to effectively match-fund our investment portfolio, we have aggressively reduced amounts under our former repurchase facility with Wachovia from $217.0 million at September 30, 2007 to being fully repaid in June 2008. We expect the availability of warehouse lines, which we had historically used to finance loan originations that were ultimately packaged in CDO offerings, will be limited in the near to medium term due to reduced liquidity in the CDO market and a lesser appetite for new CDO issuances. As we await the recovery of these traditional avenues of liquidity, we are considering several alternative equity and debt capital raising options, as well as analyzing our fundamental business model.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007
Revenues
Investment income decreased by $13.8 million to $24.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008, from $38.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The primary reason for the decrease was due to lower interest rates on variable rate investments, a lower average investment portfolio balance and a greater number of non-performing loans in the third quarter of 2008 compared to the third quarter of 2007.
Property operating income increased by $0.1 million to $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008, from $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, which primarily represents an increase in rental income from our consolidated Loch Raven joint venture.
Other income decreased by $0.4 million to $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008, from $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The reduction in other income, which represents interest earned on cash balances primarily from overnight repurchase investments, is the result of lower average cash balances and lower interest rates.
Expenses
Interest expense decreased by $6.4 million to $20.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008, from $26.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The primary components of interest expense included $10.8 million of interest on our CDO financings, $6.0 million attributable to hedging activities, $0.4 million of interest on our consolidated Loch Raven joint venture mortgage and $1.0 million of interest on our trust preferred securities. The primary reason for the decrease in 2008 is due to lower interest rates on variable rate debt and no outstanding debt under short-term warehouse facilities.
Management fees decreased by $0.8 million to $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 from $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The reduced fees are a result of a decline in our stockholder’s equity primarily attributable to impairments and loan loss provisions. The management fees, expense reimbursements, formation costs and the relationship between our Manager, our affiliates and us are discussed further in “—Related Party Transactions.”
Property operating expenses were unchanged at $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, which primarily represents rental expenses from our consolidated Loch Raven joint venture.
General and administrative expenses increased by $2.1 million to $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008, from $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The largest components of the increase were $0.9 million of compensation expense related to the severance and retention plan for employees of our Manager, $0.4 million increase in stock-based compensation expense, $0.5 million increase in consulting fees incurred in connection with our evaluation of strategic alternatives and $0.1 million increase in legal fees due to costs associated with investigation expense for derivative stockholder claims and the class action lawsuit.
Depreciation and amortization expenses were unchanged at $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, which primarily represents depreciation and amortization from our consolidated Loch Raven joint venture.
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets of $6.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 is attributable to an impairment of the long-lived assets of the Loch Raven property. In the third quarter of 2008, management made a decision to no longer fund operating deficits at the Loch Raven property based on (i) the property’s current and forecasted operating performance, (ii) lack of liquidity in the credit markets that make refinancing more difficult, (iii) declines and expected declines in commercial real estate valuations and (iv) the general expectation of a prolonged economic slow down that would adversely impact the performance and value of the property. The decision to no longer fund operating deficits will put us in default with the non-recourse first mortgage on the property, which will likely result in the senior lender foreclosing on the property. Management determined that the change in strategy indicated that the carrying amount of Loch Raven long-lived assets may not be fully recoverable. Based our current estimate of undiscounted cash flows over the expected life of the investment, we determined that the carrying value of the Loch Raven long-lived assets was not fully recoverable. As a result of this assessment, we recorded an impairment loss of $6.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 based on the difference between the carrying value of the long-lived assets and their estimated fair value.
Provision for loan losses
The provision for loan losses increased to $43.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 from $0 for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The loan loss reserve in 2008 is due to several non-performing loans and watch list assets, where management estimated the loans may not be fully recoverable, reflecting current adverse market conditions and specific facts and circumstances for each loan.
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Gain on financial instruments
Gain on financial instruments increased by $8.7 million to $7.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 from a loss of $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The increase is due to the adoption of SFAS 159 on January 1, 2008 which resulted in us recording certain assets and liabilities at fair value with the corresponding changes in fair value being recorded in the statement of operations.
During the three months ended September 30, 2008, the CMBS and CDO markets continued to experience volatility and lack of liquidity, with further increases in credit spreads, resulting in decreases in the fair value of CMBS which we hold as investments and decreases in the fair value of our CDO bonds and junior subordinated debentures liabilities. The fair value of our CMBS investments decreased, resulting in a loss of $31.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008. The fair value of our liabilities related to CDO bonds and junior subordinated debentures decreased, resulting in gains of $38.1 million and $8.1 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2008. The fair value of liabilities associated with derivative instruments decreased during the three months ended September 30, 2008 resulting in an unrealized loss of $4.9 million.
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated joint ventures
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated joint ventures increased by $9.0 million to $9.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 from $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The increase in the equity in net loss of unconsolidated joint ventures for the three months ended September 30, 2008 is due primarily to a $7.3 million impairment loss on the Prince George’s Station Retail LLC joint venture and $0.8 million impairment loss on the 32 Leone Lane joint venture investment. In the third quarter of 2008, the second largest tenant of the Prince George’s Station Retail LLC property terminated their lease. The lease termination combined with increasing credit concerns over the property’s largest tenant indicated that the carrying amount of long-lived assets may not be fully recoverable and an impairment loss of $7.3 million was recorded, bringing the carrying value of our investment to zero. A loss $0.8 million was recognized on our 32 Leone Lane joint venture investment, bringing the carrying value of our investment to zero, where it was determined in that the carrying value of long-lived assets of the joint venture were no longer recoverable due to management’s expectations that the sponsor will be unable to successfully lease or sell the 100% vacant building under current market conditions, necessitating a write down to fair value.
Operating results from discontinued operations
Operating results from discontinued operations consist primarily of rental income, rental expenses and interest expenses attributable to rental operations of Springhouse for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 and Rodgers Forge and Monterey properties during the three months ended September 30, 2007
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets – discontinued operations
In the third quarter of 2008, management made a decision to market the Springhouse property for sale, resulting in classification of assets and liabilities as “held for sale” as of September 30, 2008 and results from operations classified as “discontinued operations” for all periods presented. Based on management’s commitment to sell the property and the resulting held for sale classification, we have recorded the long-lived assets of Springhouse at estimated fair value less costs to sell, which resulted in an impairment loss of $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007
Revenues
Investment income decreased by $16.0 million to $77.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, from $93.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The primary reason for the decrease was due to a lower interest rates on variable rate investments, a lower average investment portfolio balance and a greater number of non-performing loans in the first nine months of 2008 compared to the first nine months of 2007.
Property operating income increased by $0.3 million to $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, from $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, primarily represents an increase in rental income from our consolidated Loch Raven joint venture.
Other income decreased by $2.8 million to $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, from $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The reduction in other income, which represents interest earned on cash balances primarily from overnight repurchase investments, is the result of lower average cash balances and lower interest rates.
Expenses
Interest expense decreased by $4.1 million to $62.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, from $67.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The primary components of interest expense included $38.0 million of interest on our CDO financings, $13.7 million attributable to hedging activities, $1.1 million of interest on borrowings on our warehouse facilities, $1.3 million of interest on our consolidated Loch Raven joint venture mortgage, and $3.0 million of interest on our trust preferred securities. The primary reason for the decrease in 2008 was due to lower interest rates on variable rate debt in the first nine months of 2008 and lower outstanding debt under short-term warehouse facilities, offset in part by higher average outstanding debt resulting from the issuance of our second CDO in April of 2007.
Management fees decreased by $1.8 million to $4.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 from $6.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The reduced fees are a result of a decline in our stockholder’s equity primarily attributable to impairments and loan loss provisions. The management fees, expense reimbursements, formation costs and the relationship between our Manager, our affiliates and us are discussed further in “—Related Party Transactions.”
Property operating expenses increased by $0.3 million to $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, from $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, which primarily represents an increase in rental expenses from our Loch Raven consolidated joint venture.
General and administrative expenses increased by $6.8 million to $13.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, from $6.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The largest components of the increase were $2.2 million increase in consulting fees incurred in connection with our evaluation of strategic alternatives, $2.1 million increase in legal fees due to costs associated with non-performing loans, proxy defense, investigation expense for derivative stockholder claims and the class action lawsuit and $1.2 million of compensation expense related to the severance and retention plan for employees of our Manager.
Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased by $0.4 million to $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 from $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, which primarily represents depreciation and amortization from our consolidated Loch Raven joint venture. The decrease is the result of certain intangible assets capitalized upon acquisition becoming fully amortized during 2007 and the first quarter of 2008.
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Loss on impairment of long-lived assets
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets decreased $1.8 million to $6.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 from $7.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. Loss on impairment of long-lived assets of $6.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 is attributable to an impairment of the long-lived assets of the Loch Raven property. In the third quarter of 2008, management made a decision to no longer fund operating deficits at the Loch Raven property based on (i) the property’s current and forecasted operating performance, (ii) lack of liquidity in the credit markets that make refinancing more difficult, (iii) declines and expected declines in commercial real estate valuations and (iv the general expectation of a prolonged economic slow down that would adversely impact the performance and value of the property. The decision to no longer fund operating deficits will put us in default with the non-recourse first mortgage on the property, which will likely result in the senior lender foreclosing on the property. Management determined that the change in strategy indicated that the carrying amount of Loch Raven long-lived assets may not be fully recoverable. Based our current estimate of undiscounted cash flows over the expected life of the investment, we determined that the carrying value of the Loch Raven long-lived assets was not fully recoverable. As a result of this assessment, we recorded an impairment loss of $6.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 based on the difference between the carrying value of the long-lived assets and their estimated fair value. Loss on impairment of asset of 7.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 resulted from a loan loss realized upon foreclosure of the Monterey property in the second quarter of 2007.
Provision for loan losses
The provision for loan losses increased to $102.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 from $0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The loan loss reserve in 2008 is due to several non-performing loans and watch list assets, where management estimated the loans may not be fully recoverable, reflecting current adverse market conditions and specific facts and circumstances for each loan.
Loss on sale of investments
Loss on sale of investments increased by $1.5 million to $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 from $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The loss in 2008 is related to the sale of a whole loan. The loss in 2007 is related to the sale of a CMBS investment.
Gain on financial instruments
Gain on financial instruments increased by $88.9 million to $87.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 from a loss of $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The increase is due to the adoption of SFAS 159 on January 1, 2008 which resulted in us recording certain assets and liabilities at fair value with the corresponding changes in fair value being recorded in the statement of operations.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the CMBS and CDO markets continued to experience widening of credit spreads, resulting in a decrease in the fair value of CMBS which we hold as investments and decreases in the fair value of our CDO bonds and junior subordinated debentures liabilities. The fair value of our CMBS investments decreased, resulting in a loss of $81.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The fair value of our liabilities related to CDO bonds and junior subordinated debentures decreased, resulting in gains of $166.4 million and $12.5 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The fair value of liabilities associated with derivative instruments decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 resulting in an unrealized loss of $4.4 million.
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated joint ventures
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated joint ventures increased by $10.4 million to $14.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 from $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The increase in the equity in net loss of unconsolidated joint ventures for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 is due primarily to a $7.3 million impairment loss on the Prince George’s Station Retail LLC joint venture, $0.8 million impairment loss on the 32 Leone Lane joint venture investment and $1.8 million impairment recognized on our Nordhoff joint venture investment. In the third quarter of 2008, the second largest tenant of the Prince George’s Station Retail LLC property terminated their lease. The lease termination combined with increasing credit concerns over the property’s largest tenant indicated that the carrying amount of long-lived assets may not be fully recoverable and an impairment loss of $7.3 million was recorded, bringing the carrying value of our investment to zero. A loss $0.8 million was recognized on our 32 Leone Lane joint venture investment, bringing the carrying value of our investment to zero, where it was determined in that the carrying value of long-lived assets of the joint venture were no longer recoverable due to management’s expectations that the sponsor will be unable to successfully lease or sell the 100% vacant building under current market conditions, necessitating a write down to fair value. The $1.8 million impairment loss on the Nordhoff joint venture was recorded in the second quarter of 2008 when it was determined that the carrying value of long-lived assets of the joint venture were no longer recoverable, necessitating a write down to fair value.
Operating results from discontinued operations
Operating results from discontinued operations consist primarily of rental income, rental expenses and interest expenses attributable to rental operations of Springhouse, Rodgers Forge and Monterey properties during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007.
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets — discontinued operations
In the third quarter of 2008, management made a decision to market the Springhouse property for sale, resulting in classification of assets and liabilities as “held for sale” as of September 30, 2008 and results from operations classified as “discontinued operations” for all periods presented. Based on management’s commitment to sell the property and the resulting held for sale classification, we have recorded the long-lived assets of Springhouse at estimated fair value less costs to sell, which resulted in an impairment loss of $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Gain on sale of investment
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we sold our interest in Rodgers Forge and Monterey and recognized gains of $3.6 million and $3.2 million, respectively, related to the sale of these properties.
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Risk Management
As of September 30, 2008, we had the following watch list and non-performing loans (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | |
Investment Type | | Classification | | | Loan Amount | | | % of Total Assets | |
Whole Loan | | Watch | | | $ | 10,500 | | | 0.7 | % |
Whole Loan | | Watch | | | | 11,000 | | | 0.7 | % |
Bridge Loan | | Watch | (3) | | | 2,123 | (1) | | 0.1 | % |
Mezzanine Loan | | Watch | | | | 17,421 | | | 1.1 | % |
Whole loan | | Non-Performing | | | | 12,039 | (1) | | 0.8 | % |
Mezzanine Loan | | Non-Performing | | | | 25,000 | (1) | | 1.6 | % |
B-Note | | Non-Performing | (2) | | | 42,830 | (1) | | 2.7 | % |
Mezzanine Loan | | Non-Performing | (2) | | | 40,000 | (1) | | 2.6 | % |
Bridge Loan | | Non-Performing | (3) | | | 7,500 | (1) | | 0.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | $ | 168,413 | | | 10.8 | % |
(1) | At September 30, 2008, we had a $122,402 loan loss reserve against these assets. |
(2) | Investments are with the same sponsor. |
(3) | Investments are with the same sponsor. |
Watch List Assets
We conduct a quarterly comprehensive credit review, resulting in an individual risk classification being assigned to each asset.
The first watch list asset is a $10.5 million whole loan secured by a mixed use industrial and commercial facility located in Windsor, Connecticut. As of September 30, 2008, the borrower closed operations of the primary business occupying the facility and has since engaged a broker to sell the building. In June 2008, we received payment of $2.0 million from the borrower, which included a $1.5 million reduction of principal to $10.5 million and $0.5 million to replenish interest reserves, in exchange for the removal of a personal guaranty. Management concluded that no loan loss reserve was necessary at this time based on the estimated fair market value of the underlying collateral from a recent third party appraisal. If the borrower is not successful in locating a buyer for the building at an adequate price, or at all, such an adverse event could have an adverse impact on our ability to recover our loan balance.
The second watch list asset is a $11.0 million whole loan. The loan is secured by a mixed use office and industrial facility located in Phoenix, Arizona. The facility has been 100% vacant for greater than two years and interest reserves were fully depleted in April 2008. The borrower is in the process of marketing the building for sale. Management concluded that no loan loss reserve was necessary at this time based on the estimated underlying collateral value of the property and the borrower’s continued support of the property. If the borrower is not successful in locating a buyer for the building at an adequate price, or at all, such an outcome could have an adverse impact on our ability to recover the full value of our loan. Subsequent to September 30, 2008, the borrower notified us that they will no longer be making interest payments and we expect the loan to become non-performing in the fourth quarter of 2008. Management is currently evaluating options, including further negotiation and restructuring with the borrower or foreclosure.
The third watch list asset is a $2.1 million bridge loan secured by development rights to build a mixed use office, retail and hotel facility in the Miami, Florida area. The loan matures in November 2008 and the borrower communicated to us in October 2008 that they would be unable to pay the loan at the maturity date. The borrower is in the process of obtaining construction financing for the development and completing other predevelopment activities. At September 30, 2008, based on the continued decline of the credit markets, which we believe makes it very difficult to obtain financing on projects of this nature, combined with the growing concern of a prolonged economic slowdown that is making it more difficult to execute long-term lease commitments, management concluded that the significance of these uncertainties raises substantial doubt about our ability to recover our loan balance. Based on these uncertainties and management’s inability to reasonably predict recovery upon (i) pursuit of a personal guaranty from the sponsor or (ii) assumption of the collateral, we have recorded a loan loss reserve against the balance of this loan to reduce the net carrying value to $0.
The fourth watch list asset is a $17.4 million mezzanine loan for a specialty retail development located in Tennessee. The development is currently under construction. Our loan matures on December 1, 2008 and the senior construction loan matures on December 24, 2008, prior to the date construction is expected to be completed. We believe it will be difficult for the borrower to find permanent financing given current credit market conditions. Currently, the project has a construction funding budget deficit that will be required to complete tenant improvements and the borrower is working closely with a number of parties to obtain the remaining funding requirements. Negotiations with the borrower and senior lender to extend the loan and secure additional capital needed are ongoing. The loan is current as of September 30, 2008 and based on our expectation that we and the senior lender will extend the loan to provide time to complete construction activities and establish an operating history that will facilitate the borrower obtaining permanent financing to replace the current capital structure, management concluded no loan loss reserve is necessary at this time. If the borrower is not successful at (i) completing construction, (ii) obtaining additional capital required, (iii) negotiating an extension of the current capital structure at reasonable terms and (iv) obtaining permanent financing for the loan after expected extensions expire, such events would likely have an adverse impact on our ability to recover the loan. Additionally, factors outside the control of the borrower, such as availability of credit for permanent financing or a prolonged economic downturn that severely impacts leisure travel in the property’s market could also have an adverse impact on our ability to recover our loan balance.
Non-Performing Loans
Non-performing loans include all loans on non-accrual status. We transfer loans to non-accrual status at such time as: (1) management determines the borrower is incapable of curing, or has ceased efforts towards curing the cause of a default; (2) the loan becomes 90 days delinquent; or (3) the loan has a maturity default. Interest income is recognized only upon actual cash receipt for loans on non-accrual status.
The $12.0 million whole loan is secured by a class B office property located in a suburb of Chicago, Illinois. As of September 30, 2008, we have commenced foreclosure proceedings and expect to obtain possession of the property. We obtained an independent, third party appraisal of the collateral value of this property which indicated that the estimated fair value of the collateral, net of expected selling costs, was less than our historical carrying value and, as a result, we have a loan loss reserve against the balance of this loan to reduce the net carrying value to the estimated net realizable value of $7.0 million.
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The $25.0 million mezzanine loan is secured by an interest in an apartment complex in New York City. The borrower notified us in July 2008 that it will cease servicing the debt and has requested significant modifications to the outstanding loans in order to continue its involvement with the property. Management is currently in the process of negotiating with the borrower, however, the ultimate outcome remains uncertain. Given the continued adverse market conditions that have negatively impacted commercial real estate valuations and the ability to refinance and based on our assessment of the current fair value of the underlying collateral, we believe there is significant uncertainty about our ability to recoup our loan balance in the event of sale or foreclosure. As a result, we have recorded a loan loss reserve against the balance of this loan to reduce the net carrying value to $0.
The $42.8 million B-Note investment classified as non-performing had a maturity default on December 1, 2007 and is secured by a class A parcel of land in New York City that is intended to be developed into a mixed use retail and residential site. The B-Note was originally due on October 1, 2007 and was extended for 60 days with the sponsor funding an additional $150.0 million of cash equity. Interest on the loan has been paid through December 31, 2007 at the contractual rate. We are negotiating with the sponsor, who is evaluating possible alternatives, and the lending group to resolve the maturity default. As of September 30, 2008, we have initiated foreclosure proceedings on the collateral of our loan. The value of the loan is dependent on several factors that are outside of our control, such as the ultimate use of the project, the timing of completion and negotiations with potential tenants, and adverse events not currently anticipated could have a material impact on the value of the underlying collateral and ultimate realization of our loan balance. Based on our consideration of (i) the current state of the credit and capital markets, (ii) the long duration of the maturity default and (iii) the time and expense associated with foreclosure proceedings, we have recorded a loan loss reserve against the balance of this loan to reduce the net carrying value to $0.
The $40.0 million mezzanine loan had a maturity default on February 9, 2008 and is collateralized by four class A office properties located in New York City. The sponsor of this investment is also the sponsor of the $42.8 million B-Note investment discussed above. In April 2008, the borrower and lending group for the properties reached a consensual sale agreement that will allow the properties to be sold in an orderly fashion. Based on the estimated fair market value of the collateral derived primarily from recent sales comparables that reflect current market conditions, we have recorded a loan loss reserve against the balance of this loan to reduce the net carrying value to $0. Subsequent to September 30, 2008, agreements for the sale of the underlying collateral were executed and no proceeds will remain after satisfaction of senior debt obligations, therefore this loss will become realized.
The $7.5 million bridge loan is secured by development rights to build an office building in the Washington, DC area. The loan matures in April 2009, interest reserves were depleted in April 2008 and subsequent interest payments have been deferred until the maturity date of the loan. The borrower is in the process of completing predevelopment activities and obtaining necessary regulatory approvals to start construction. The borrower is also in the process of obtaining letters of intent from prospective tenants and obtaining construction financing for the project, the proceeds of which would be used to repay our bridge loan. At September 30, 2008, based on the continued decline of the credit markets, which we believe makes it very difficult to obtain financing on projects of this nature, combined with the growing concern of a prolonged economic slowdown that is making it more difficult to execute long-term lease commitments, we concluded that the significance of these uncertainties raises substantial doubt about our ability to recover our loan balance. Based on these uncertainties and management’s inability to reasonably predict recovery upon (i) pursuit of a personal guaranty from the borrower or (ii) assumption of the collateral, we have recorded a loan loss reserve against the balance of this loan to reduce the net carrying value to $0.
Loan Loss Reserve
As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had a loan loss reserve for non-performing loans and watch list assets of $122.4 million and $19.7 million respectively. We estimated the loan loss reserve based on consideration of current economic conditions and trends, the intent and wherewithal of the sponsors, the quality and estimated value of the underlying collateral and other factors.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund loans and other investments, pay dividends, fund debt service and for other general corporate purposes. On September 30, 2008, we had approximately $18.7 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents. We have long-term financing for 100% of our encumbered portfolio in place through our existing CDOs and mortgage loans. Our primary sources of funds for short-term liquidity requirements, including working capital, distributions, if any, debt service and additional investments, if any, consist of (i) cash flow from operations; (ii) proceeds from our existing CDOs; (iii) proceeds from principal and interest payments on our unencumbered investments; (iv) proceeds from potential loan and asset sales; and, to a lesser extent, (v) new financings or additional securitization or CDO offerings and (vi) proceeds from additional common or preferred equity offerings. We believe these sources of funds will be sufficient to meet our liquidity requirements for at least the next twelve months.
Due to continued market turbulence, we do not anticipate having the ability in the near term to access debt capital through warehouse lines, new CDO issuances, or new trust preferred issuances. We continue to explore equity and other capital raising options as well as other strategic alternatives as they present themselves; however, in the event we are not able to successfully secure financing, we will rely on cash flows from operations, principal payments on our investments, and proceeds from asset and loan sales to satisfy these requirements. If we (i) are unable to renew, replace or expand our sources of financing, (ii) are unable to execute asset and loan sales in a timely manner or to receive anticipated proceeds therefrom or (iii) fully utilize available cash, it may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Our current and future borrowings may require us, among other restrictive covenants, to keep uninvested cash on hand, to maintain a certain portion of our assets free from liens and to secure such borrowings with our assets. These conditions could limit our ability to do further borrowings. If we are unable to make required payments under such borrowings, breach any representation or warranty in the loan documents or violate any covenant contained in a loan document, our lenders may accelerate the maturity of our debt or require us to pledge more collateral. If we are unable to pay off our borrowings in such a situation, (i) we may need to prematurely sell the assets securing such debt, (ii) the lenders could accelerate the debt and foreclose on our assets that are pledged as collateral to such lenders, (iii) such lenders could force us into bankruptcy, (iv) such lenders could force us to take other actions to protect the value of their collateral and (v) our other debt financings could become immediately due and payable. Any such event would have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, the value of our common stock and the ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
The majority of our investments are pledged as collateral for our CDO bonds and the income generated from these investments is used to fund interest obligations of our CDO bonds and the remaining income, if any, is retained by us. Our CDO bonds contain interest coverage and asset over collateralization covenants that must be met in order for us to receive such payments. If we fail our interest coverage or asset over collateralization covenants in either of our CDOs, all cash flows from the CDO would be diverted to repay principal and interest on the outstanding CDO bonds and we would not receive any residual payments until the CDO was back in compliance with such tests. The Company continues to be in compliance with all such covenants as of September 30, 2008. In the event of a breach of our CDO covenants that we could not cure in the near term, we would be required to fund management fees through December 31, 2008, interest on trust preferred securities and other expenses (including compensation expenses after December 31, 2008) through (i) cash on hand, (ii) income from any CDO not in default, (iii) sale of unencumbered assets or (iv) accessing debt or equity capital markets, if available. We have the ability to cure defaults, which would resume normal residual payments to us, by purchasing non-performing loans out of our CDOs. However, we may not have sufficient liquidity available to do so at such time. To the extent such noncompliance continues for an extended period of time, our ability to continue as a going concern may be jeopardized. At September 30, 2008, our most restrictive covenants on our CDOs had an interest coverage ratio of 1.94x and 1.47x for CDO I and CDO II, respectively, compared to minimum requirements of 1.21x and 1.09x. At September 30, 2008, our most restrictive covenants on our CDOs had an asset over collateralization ratio of 1.16x and 1.13x for CDO I and CDO II, respectively, compared to minimum requirements of 1.12x and 1.10x.
Due to our status as a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to stockholders. As our loans are repaid and/or we sell our loans, if we do not begin lending again, we will experience declines in the size of the investment portfolio over time. Net losses and a reduction in the size of our investment portfolio would also result in reduced taxable income and cash available for distribution and a lower dividend as compared to historical standards. Our dividend decreased by $0.12 per share from $0.17 per share for three months ended September 30, 2007 to $0.05 per share for the three months ended September 30, 2008.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and the year ended December 31, 2007, we received approximately $56.3 million and $322 million, respectively, of proceeds from a combination of (i) scheduled principal payments and maturities, (ii) loan prepayments and (iii) loan sales. This trend may continue in the remainder of 2008 and 2009 and we expect we may make a limited number of new investments to fully utilize capacity on our existing CDOs. Our CDOs contain reinvestment periods of five years during which we can use the proceeds of loan repayments, if any, to fund new investments. As of September 30, 2008, we have approximately 2.5 years and 3.5 years remaining in our reinvestment period for our first and second CDOs, respectively. The volume of any new investment activity would be substantially lower than our historical production levels.
As of September 30, 2008, we had approximately $18.7 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents. We have long-term financing for 100% of our encumbered portfolio in place through our existing CDOs and mortgage loans. In order to effectively match-fund our investment portfolio, we have aggressively reduced amounts under our former repurchase facility with Wachovia from $217.0 million at September 30, 2007 to being fully repaid in June 2008. We expect the availability of warehouse lines, which we had historically used to finance loan originations that were ultimately packaged in CDO offerings, will be limited in the near to medium term due to reduced liquidity in the CDO market and a lesser appetite for new CDO issuances. As we await the recovery of these traditional avenues of liquidity, we are considering several alternative equity and debt capital raising options, as well as analyzing our fundamental business model.
Capitalization
Our authorized capital stock consists of 150,000,000 shares of capital stock, $0.01 par value per share, of which we have authorized the issuance of up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per shares, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, 30,863,100 and 30,920,225 shares, respectively, of our common stock were issued and outstanding and no shares of our preferred stock were issued and outstanding.
On June 9, 2005, we completed our private offering of 20,000,000 shares of common stock resulting in gross proceeds of $300.0 million and net proceeds of approximately $282.5 million, which were used primarily to fund investments.
On September 27, 2006, we priced our initial public offering, or IPO, of common stock, with public trading of our common stock commencing on September 28, 2006. We sold 11,012,624 shares of our common stock in our IPO at a price of $14.50 per share, which includes the exercise in full of the underwriters’ option to purchase an additional 1,436,429 shares of common stock. Of these shares, 9,945,020 were sold by us and 1,067,604 were sold by selling stockholders. Net proceeds from both our IPO and the over allotment option, after underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $8.7 million and other offering expenses of approximately $2.4 million, were approximately $133.2 million, which we received on October 3, 2006 and used to repay debt.
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Warehouse Lines
We have historically financed our portfolio of securities and loans through the use of repurchase agreements. Currently, we have no warehouse facilities in place that will allow future borrowings. In August 2006, we entered into a master repurchase agreement with Wachovia. In June 2008, we repaid our remaining obligations and terminated the facility.
CDO Bonds Payable
For longer-term funding, while not currently available, we intend to utilize securitization structures, particularly CDOs, as well as other match-funded financing structures. CDOs are multiple class debt securities, or bonds, secured by pools of assets, such as whole loans, B Notes, mezzanine loans, CMBS and REIT debt. We believe CDO financing structures are an appropriate financing vehicle for our targeted real estate asset classes, because they will enable us to obtain long-term cost of funds and minimize the risk that we have to refinance our liabilities prior to the maturities of our investments while giving us the flexibility to manage credit risk.
On March 28, 2006, we closed on our first CDO issuance (“CDO I”) and retained the entire BB rated J Class with a face amount of $24.0 million for $19.2 million, retained the entire B-rated K Class with a face amount of $20.3 million for $14.2 million and also retained the non-rated common and preferred shares of CDO I, which issued the CDO bonds with a face amount of $47.3 million for $51.7 million. We issued and sold CDO bonds with a face amount of $508.5 million in a private placement to third parties. The proceeds of the CDO issuance were used to repay substantially all of the outstanding principal balance of our then existing two warehouse facilities with an affiliate of Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. of $343.6 million and all of the outstanding principal balance of our then existing warehouse facilities with Bank of America Securities, LLC of $16.3 million at closing. The CDO bonds are collateralized by real estate debt investments, consisting of B Notes, mezzanine loans, whole loans and CMBS investments, which are recorded in our unaudited consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2008. Our Manager acts as the collateral manager for our CDO subsidiary but does not receive any fees in connection therewith. CDO I is not a qualified special purpose entity (“QSPE”) as defined under FASB Statement No. 140, (“SFAS 140”) “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities” due to certain permitted activities of CDO I that are not consistent with activities of a QSPE permitted under SFAS 140, such as having the ability to sell impaired securities and acquire replacement securities with the proceeds at the discretion of the collateral administrator. CDO I is consolidated in our financial statements and we have accounted for the CDO I transaction as a financing. The collateral assets that we transferred to CDO I are reflected in our balance sheet. The bonds issued to third parties are reflected as debt on our balance sheet. As of September 30, 2008, CDO bonds of $508.5 million were outstanding, with a weighted average interest rate of 3.71%.
In March 2007, Wachovia, acted as the exclusive structurer and placement agent with respect to our second CDO transaction (“CDO II”) totaling $1.0 billion, which priced on March 2, 2007, and closed on April 2, 2007. We sold $880.0 million of bonds with an average cost of 90-day LIBOR plus 40.6 basis points and retained 100% of the equity interests in our CDO subsidiary that issued the CDO notes consisting of preferred and common shares as well as 100% of the non-rated debt tranches. The notes issued by our CDO subsidiary are secured initially by a portfolio of whole loans, B Notes, mezzanine loans and CMBS. Our Manager acts as the collateral manager for our CDO subsidiary but does not receive any fees in connection therewith. We acted as the advancing agent in connection with the issuance of the CDO notes. CDO II is not a QSPE as defined under SFAS 140 due to certain permitted activities of CDO II that are not consistent with activities of a QSPE permitted under SFAS 140, such as having the ability to sell impaired securities and acquire replacement securities with the proceeds at the discretion of the collateral administrator. CDO II is consolidated in our financial statements and we account for the CDO II transaction as a financing. The collateral assets that we transferred to CDO II are reflected in our balance sheet. The bonds issued to third parties are reflected as debt on our balance sheet. As of September 30, 2008, CDO bonds of $849.2 million were outstanding, with a weighted average interest rate of 3.49%. As of September 30, 2008, we had a $75.0 million revolver available with $44.2 million of borrowings outstanding and $30.8 million of remaining capacity. The revolver is available to fund future funding commitments on loans.
Mortgage Indebtedness
On December 14, 2005, our consolidated joint venture, Springhouse Apartments, LLC, obtained a $26.2 million loan in connection with the acquisition of real estate located in Prince George’s County, Maryland. The loan is collateralized by the aforementioned property, is guaranteed by Bozzuto and Associates Inc., our joint venture partner, matures on December 14, 2008, and bears interest at 30-day LIBOR plus 1.75%. As of September 30, 2008, the outstanding balance was $25.8 million with an interest rate of 5.68%. The loan is secured by the Springhouse property and there is no recourse to us. We are currently in the process of marketing the Springhouse property for sale. In the event we are unable to sell the property before the maturity date of the mortgage, or at all, we will be unable to satisfy the obligation for the mortgage at the maturity date and may be may be required to (i) pay default interest after the maturity default, (ii) contribute additional capital to facilitate an extension and protect our interest, (iii) pay significant extension fees, (iv) seek financing from a different lender, which may not be available or (iv) risk having the property repossessed from us through foreclosure by the first mortgage holder. The occurrence of any of these events could further impair our position.
On March 28, 2006, our consolidated joint venture, Loch Raven Village Apartments-II, LLC, obtained a $29.2 million loan in connection with the acquisition of real estate located in Baltimore, Maryland. The loan is collateralized by the aforementioned property, is guaranteed by Bozzuto and Associates Inc., our joint venture partner, matures on April 1, 2009, and bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.96%. As of September 30, 2008, the outstanding balance was $29.2 million. The loan is secured by the Loch Raven property and there is no recourse to us. As discussed in Note 3, in the third quarter of 2008, management made a decision to no longer fund operating deficits at the Loch Raven property, which will likely result in the first mortgage holder foreclosing on our position. We do not expect further losses as the net carrying value of Loch Raven assets and liabilities, including the mortgage payable, is less than zero after reflecting the impairment of long-lived assets recorded in the third quarter of 2008.
In January of 2008, we sold the Rodgers Forge property and paid off the $36.3 million mortgage loan in full. In March of 2008, we sold the Monterey property and the buyer assumed the $104.0 million mortgage loan in full.
Junior Subordinated Debentures
In July 2006, we completed the issuance of $50.0 million in unsecured trust preferred securities through a newly formed Delaware statutory trust, CBRE Realty Finance Trust I, (“CRFT I”), which is one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. The securities bear interest at a fixed rate of 8.10% for the first ten years ending July 2016. Thereafter the rate will float based on the 90-day LIBOR plus 249 basis points. The base management fee that we pay to our Manager pursuant to the management agreement is based on gross stockholders’ equity which our board of directors had previously determined to include the trust preferred securities. As a result of a resolution of our board of directors, beginning September 28, 2006, we no longer pay such a fee on trust preferred securities to our Manager.
CRFT I issued $1.55 million aggregate liquidation amount of common securities, representing 100% of the voting common stock of CRFT I to us for a total purchase price of $1.55 million. CRFT I used the proceeds from the sale of trust preferred securities and the common securities to purchase our junior subordinated notes. The terms of the junior subordinated notes match the terms of the trust preferred securities. The notes are subordinate and junior in right of payment to all present and future senior indebtedness and certain other financial obligations. We realized net proceeds from the offering of approximately $48.8 million.
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Contractual Obligations
The table below summarizes our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2008. The table excludes contractual commitments related to our derivatives, which we discuss in “Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” and the incentive fee payable under the management agreement that we have with our Manager, which we discuss in “—Related Party Transactions” because those contracts do not have fixed and determinable payments.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Contractual commitments (in thousands) Payments due by period |
| | Total | | Less than 1 year | | 1 year | | 2 - 5 years | | More than 5 years |
CDO I bonds payable | | $ | 508,500 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 508,500 |
CDO II bonds payable | | | 849,200 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 849,200 |
Mortgage payable(1) | | | 54,964 | | | 54,964 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
Trust preferred securities | | | 50,000 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 50,000 |
Base management fees(2) | | | 923 | | | 923 | | | — | | | — | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,463,587 | | $ | 55,887 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 1,407,700 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(2) | Calculated for the remaining term of the management agreement which expires on December 31, 2008 based on our current gross stockholders’ equity, as defined in our management agreement. |
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2008, we had approximately $38.1 million of equity interests in six joint ventures.
Dividends
To qualify as a REIT, we must pay annual dividends to our stockholders of at least 90% of our net taxable income, determined before taking into consideration the dividends paid deduction and net capital gains. Before we pay any dividend, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating requirements and scheduled debt service on our CDO bonds and junior subordinated debentures. Management will continually reevaluate operating results, REIT qualification requirements, available tax losses, economic conditions, capital requirements, liquidity, retention of capital and other operating trends when determining future dividends, if any.
Related Party Transactions
Management Agreement
Upon completion of our June 2005 private offering, we entered into a management agreement with our Manager, which was subsequently amended and restated on April 29, 2008 and further amended on October 13, 2008, pursuant to which our Manager provides for the day-to-day management of our operations and receives substantial fees in connection therewith. The management agreement requires our Manager to manage our business affairs in conformity with the policies and the investment guidelines that are approved and monitored by our board of directors. Ray Wirta, our chairman, is the vice chairman of CBRE, Kenneth J. Witkin, our chief executive officer and president and one of our directors, is the executive managing director of our Manager and Michael J. Melody, one of our directors as of September 30, 2008, is the vice chairman in CBRE/Melody. As of September 30, 2008, Mr. Wirta does not hold an economic interest in our Manager and Messrs. Witkin and Melody and our other executive officers indirectly hold an economic interest in our Manager. Our chairman and chief executive officer and president also serve as officers and/or directors of our Manager. As a result, the management agreement between us and our Manager was negotiated between related parties, and the terms, including fees payable, may not be as favorable to us as if it had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. Our executive officers and directors own approximately 9.8% of our Manager.
Our management agreement has an initial term through December 31, 2008 with automatic one-year extension options for each anniversary date thereafter unless (i) at least two-thirds of our independent directors or the holders of at least a majority of our outstanding common stock agree not to automatically renew because there has been unsatisfactory performance by our Manager that is materially detrimental to our company or (ii) the compensation payable to our Manager is unfair; provided , that we will not have the right to terminate this agreement by claiming unfair compensation to our Manager if our Manager agrees to continue to provide the services under this agreement at a fee that is at least two-thirds of the amount that our independent directors determine to be fair. During the initial term, we may decline to renew the management agreement by providing written notice to our Manager at any time prior to November 30, 2008, in the event of which the management agreement will terminate on December 31, 2008. Additionally, our Manager may decline to renew the management agreement by providing written notice to us no later than November 30, 2008 but not earlier than November 1, 2008, in the event of which the management agreement will also terminate on December 31, 2008. We also have the option to purchase our Manager until the earlier of the termination of the management agreement or December 31, 2008, subject to certain conditions. No termination fee will be payable to our Manager if the management agreement is terminated under any of the circumstances described in the preceding three sentences. After the initial term, our independent directors will review our Manager’s performance annually and the management agreement may be terminated subject to certain termination rights.
We pay our Manager an annual management fee monthly in arrears equal to 1/12th of the sum of (i) 2.0% of our gross stockholders’ equity (as defined in the management agreement), or equity, of the first $400 million of our equity, (ii) 1.75% of our gross stockholders’ equity in an amount in excess of $400 million and up to $800 million and (iii) 1.5% of our gross stockholders’ equity in excess of $800 million. Additionally, from July 26, 2006 to September 27, 2006, we considered the outstanding trust preferred securities as part of gross stockholders’ equity in calculating the base management fee. Our Manager uses the proceeds from its management fee in part to pay compensation to its officers and employees. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, we paid $1.2 million, $4.5 million, $2.0 million, and $6.1 million to our Manager for the base management fee under this agreement. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, $0.3 million and $0.5 million of management fees were accrued.
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In addition to the base management fee, our Manager may receive quarterly incentive compensation. The purpose of the incentive compensation is to provide an additional incentive for our Manager to achieve targeted levels of Funds From Operations (as defined in the management agreement) (after the base management fee and before incentive compensation) and to increase our stockholder value. Our Manager may receive quarterly incentive compensation in an amount equal to the product of: (i) twenty-five percent (25%) of the dollar amount by which (A) our Funds From Operations (after the base management fee and before the incentive fee) per share of our common stock for such quarter (based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding for such quarter) exceeds (B) an amount equal to (1) the weighted average of the price per share of our common stock in our June 2005 private offering and the prices per share of our common stock in any subsequent offerings (including our IPO), multiplied by (2) the greater of (a) 2.25% or (b) 0.75% plus one-fourth of the Ten Year Treasury Rate (as defined in the management agreement) for such quarter, multiplied by (ii) the weighted average number of shares of our common stock outstanding during the such quarter. We will record any incentive fees as a management fee expense in the period when earned and when payments of such amounts have become probable and reasonably estimable in accordance with the management agreement. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, no amounts were paid or were payable to our Manager for the incentive management fee under this agreement.
The management agreement also provides that we will reimburse our Manager for various expenses incurred by our Manager or its affiliates for documented expenses of our Manager or its affiliates incurred on our behalf, including but not limited to costs associated with formation and capital raising activities and general and administrative expenses. Without regard to the amount of compensation received under the management agreement, our Manager is responsible for the salaries and bonuses of its officers and employees. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, $0.1 million of expense reimbursements were accrued and are included in other liabilities.
Pursuant to the management agreement, after April 30, 2008, CBRE and CBRE Melody & Company may compete with us with respect to the acquisition and finance of real estate-related loans, structured finance debt investments and CMBS. In addition, we are responsible for severance of all employees of our Manager, including certain of our executive officers, an obligation that we estimate will not exceed $2.9 million.
The management agreement with our Manager expires on December 31, 2008 and, subsequent to September 30, 2008, we, our Manager and CBRE|Melody mutually determined not to renew the management agreement. The management agreement will expire by its terms on December 31, 2008. The expiration of the management agreement will end our affiliation with CBRE and affiliates of CBRE effective December 31, 2008. As a result, we will be internalizing the operations currently performed by our Manager into our Company through either (i) the acquisition of our Manager for consideration of $1 as provided for in our amended management agreement or (ii) the hiring of the employees currently employed by our Manager. In addition to securing necessary employee resources, we will also be required to replace functions currently performed or facilitated by CBRE|Melody such as replacing payroll and other back office functions and obtaining standalone insurance coverage. After the management agreement expires by its terms, we will no longer pay any management fees. However, such fees will be replaced by costs that had been absorbed by our Manager, primarily consisting of compensation costs. No fees will be paid by us in connection with the expiration of the management agreement. Management is currently in the process of transitioning to an internal structure, including obtaining required approvals from CDO bondholders, and expects to have all necessary activities completed by December 31, 2008.
Collateral Management Agreements
In connection with the closing of CDO I, in March 2006, the Issuer, CBRE Realty Finance CDO 2006-1 Ltd., entered into a collateral management agreement with our Manager. Pursuant to this agreement, our Manager has agreed to provide certain advisory and administrative services in relation to the collateral debt securities and other eligible investments securing the CDO notes. This collateral management agreement provides for a senior collateral management fee, payable monthly in accordance with the priority of payments as set forth in the indenture, equal to 1/12 of 0.10% per annum of the net outstanding portfolio balance, and an additional subordinate collateral management fee, payable monthly in accordance with the priority of payments as set forth in the indenture, equal to 1/12 of 0.15% per annum of the net outstanding portfolio balance. Net outstanding portfolio balance is the sum of the (i) aggregate principal balance of the collateral debt securities, excluding defaulted securities, (ii) aggregate principal balance of all principal proceeds held as cash and eligible investments in certain accounts, and (iii) with respect to the defaulted securities, the calculation amount of such defaulted securities. Effective March 28, 2006, until further notice, the collateral manager agreed to remit to us the collateral management fees that it is entitled to receive. At September 30, 2008, we owned all of the non-investment grade bonds, preferred equity and equity in CDO I. The senior collateral management fee and the subordinate collateral management fee is allocated to us. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we did not reimburse our Manager for any expenses to our Manager under such collateral management agreement.
In connection with the closing of CDO II, in April 2007, the Issuer, CBRE Realty Finance CDO 2007-1 Ltd., entered into a collateral management agreement with our Manager. Pursuant to this agreement, our Manager has agreed to provide certain advisory and administrative services in relation to the collateral debt securities and other eligible investments securing the CDO notes. This collateral management agreement provides for a senior collateral management fee, payable monthly in accordance with the priority of payments as set forth in the indenture, equal to 1/4 of 0.15% per annum of the net outstanding portfolio balance, and an additional subordinate collateral management fee, payable monthly in accordance with the priority of payments as set forth in the indenture, equal to 1/4 of 0.20% per annum of the net outstanding portfolio balance. Net outstanding portfolio balance is the sum of the (i) aggregate principal balance of the collateral debt securities, excluding defaulted securities, (ii) aggregate principal balance of all principal proceeds held as cash and eligible investments in certain accounts, and (iii) with respect to the defaulted securities, the calculation amount of such defaulted securities. The collateral manager agreed to remit to us the collateral management fees that it is entitled to receive. At September 30, 2008, we owned all of the non-investment grade bonds, preferred equity and equity in the CDO. The senior collateral management fee and the subordinate collateral management fee is allocated to us. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we did not reimburse our Manager for any expenses to our Manager under such collateral management agreement.
GEMSA Servicing
GEMSA Loan Services, L.P., which we refer to as GEMSA, is utilized by us as a loan servicer. GEMSA is a joint venture between CBRE|Melody and GE Capital Real Estate. GEMSA is a rated master and primary servicer. Our fees for GEMSA’s services are at what we believe to be market rates. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we paid or had payable an aggregate of approximately $0.1 million, $0.2 million, $0.1 million, and $0.2 million, respectively, to GEMSA in connection with its loan servicing of a part of our portfolio.
CBRE License Agreement
In connection with our June 2005 private offering, we entered into a license agreement with CBRE and one of its affiliates pursuant to which they granted us a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use the name “CBRE.” Under this agreement, we have a right to use the “CBRE” name, as long as our Manager or one of its affiliates remains our manager and our manager remains an affiliate of CBRE. Other than with respect to this limited license, we have no legal right to the “CBRE” name. CBRE has the right to terminate the license agreement if its affiliate is no longer acting as our manager. After the management agreement expires by its terms on December 31, 2008, we will be required to change our name and will no longer have the right to use the “CBRE” mark in our name or in the name of any of our subsidiaries.
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Torto Wheaton Research License Agreement
Torto Wheaton Research, or TWR, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of CBRE that provides research products and publications to us under a license agreement. The cost of this license agreement is at what we believe to be market rates. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we paid or had payable an aggregate of approximately $0, $0.1 million, $0, and $0.1 million, respectively, in licensing fees to TWR in connection with the license agreement.
Affiliates
As of September 30, 2008, an affiliate of our Manager, CBRE Melody of Texas, LP and its principals, owned 1.1 million shares of our common stock (which were purchased in our June 2005 private offering), 300,000 shares of restricted common stock, and had options to purchase an additional 500,000 shares of common stock.
Funds from Operations
Funds from Operations, or FFO, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, is a widely recognized measure of REIT performance. We compute FFO in accordance with standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, which may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs that do not compute FFO in accordance with the NAREIT definition, or that interpret the NAREIT definition differently than we do. The revised White Paper on FFO approved by the Board of Governors of NAREIT in April 2002 defines FFO as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from debt restructuring and sales of properties, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated/uncombined partnerships and joint ventures. We present FFO because we consider it an important supplemental measure of our operating performance and believe that it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs. We also use FFO as one of several criteria to determine performance-based equity bonuses for members of our senior management team. FFO is intended to exclude GAAP historical cost depreciation and amortization of real estate and related assets, which assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes ratably over time. Historically, however, real estate values have risen or fallen with market conditions. Because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization unique to real estate, gains and losses from property dispositions and extraordinary items, it provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, reflects the impact to operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, interest costs, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income. We consider gains and losses on the sale of debt investments to be a normal part of our recurring operations and therefore do not exclude such gains or losses while arriving at FFO. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP), as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions.
FFO for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 | | | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 | | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 | | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 | |
Funds from operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (55,523 | ) | | $ | (49,959 | ) | | $ | (38,820 | ) | | $ | (52,943 | ) |
Adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gain from sale of property – discontinued operations | | | — | | | | — | | | | (6,780 | ) | | | — | |
Real estate depreciation and amortization – consolidated partnerships | | | 168 | | | | 238 | | | | 528 | | | | 1,045 | |
Real estate depreciation and amortization – unconsolidated joint ventures | | | 1,254 | | | | 2,082 | | | | 4,669 | | | | 7,607 | |
Real estate depreciation and amortization – discontinued operations | | | 162 | | | | 341 | | | | 476 | | | | 721 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Funds from operations | | $ | (53,939 | ) | | $ | (47,298 | ) | | $ | (39,927 | ) | | $ | (43,570 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flows provided by operating activities | | $ | 3,393 | | | $ | 4,614 | | | $ | 7,184 | | | $ | 21,991 | |
Cash flows provided by (used in) investment activities | | $ | (1,365 | ) | | $ | 74,915 | | | $ | 125,970 | | | $ | (620,875 | ) |
$Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities | | $ | (1,912 | ) | | $ | (75,272 | ) | | $ | (140,375 | ) | | $ | 606,452 | |
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Critical Accounting Policies
Our critical accounting policies are those that have the most impact on the reporting of our financial condition and results of operations and those requiring significant judgments and estimates. We believe that our judgments and assessments are consistently applied and produce financial information that fairly presents our results of operations. Our most critical accounting policies concern our accounting for investments, accounting for derivatives, accounting for FIN 46R and valuation of investments, CDOs, junior subordinated securities and derivatives.
Loans and Other Lending Investments
Loans held for investment are intended to be held to maturity and, accordingly, are carried at amortized cost, including unamortized loan origination costs and fees, and net of repayments and sales of partial interests in loans, unless such loan or investment is deemed to be impaired. At such time as we invest in joint venture and other interests that allow us to participate in a percentage of the underlying property’s cash flows from operations and proceeds from a sale or refinancing, we must determine whether such investment should be accounted for as a loan, real estate investment or equity method joint venture in accordance with AICPA Practice Bulletin No. 1 on acquisition, development and construction, or ADC, arrangements.
Our management evaluates our assets on a regular basis to determine if they continue to satisfy our investment criteria. Subject to certain restrictions applicable to REITs and to maintain our exclusion from regulation as an investment company, we sell our investments opportunistically and use the proceeds of any such sales for debt reduction, additional acquisitions or working capital purposes.
Variable Interest Entities
In December 2003, Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation, or FIN, No. 46R “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,” or FIN 46R, was issued as a modification of FIN No. 46 “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” FIN 46R, which became effective in the first quarter of 2004, clarified the methodology for determining whether an entity is a VIE and the methodology for assessing who is the primary beneficiary of a VIE. VIEs are defined as entities in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. If an entity is determined to be a VIE, it must be consolidated by the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the enterprise that absorbs the majority of the entity’s expected losses, receives a majority of the entity’s expected residual returns, or both. Generally, expected losses and expected residual returns are the expected negative and positive variability, respectively, in the fair value of the variable interest entities’ net assets.
When we make an investment, we assess whether we have a variable interest in a VIE and, if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE. These analyses require considerable judgment in determining the primary beneficiary of a VIE since they involve subjective probability weighting of various cash flow scenarios. Incorrect assumptions or estimates of future cash flows may result in an inaccurate determination of the primary beneficiary. The result could be the consolidation of an entity acquired or formed in the future that would otherwise not have been consolidated or the non-consolidation of such an entity that would otherwise have been consolidated.
We have evaluated our investments in CMBS, loans and other lending investments, and joint venture interests to determine whether they are variable interests in VIEs. For each of the investments, we have evaluated the sufficiency of the entities’ equity investment at risk to absorb expected losses, and whether as a group, does the equity have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest.
FIN 46R has certain scope exceptions, one of which provides that an enterprise that holds a variable interest in a qualifying special-purpose entity, or QSPE, does not consolidate that entity unless that enterprise has unilateral ability to cause the entity to liquidate. SFAS No. 140 “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,” or SFAS 140, provides the requirements for an entity to be considered a QSPE. To maintain the QSPE exception, the entity must continue to meet the QSPE criteria both initially and in subsequent periods. An entity’s QSPE status can be impacted in future periods by activities by its transferor(s) or other involved parties, including the manner in which certain servicing activities are performed. To the extent our CMBS investments were issued by an entity that meets the requirements to be considered a QSPE, we record the investments at purchase price paid. To the extent the underlying entities are not QSPEs, we follow the guidance set forth in FIN 46R as the entities would be considered VIEs.
We have analyzed the governing pooling and servicing agreements for each of our CMBS investments and believe that the terms are industry standard and are consistent with the QSPE criteria. However, there is uncertainty with respect to QSPE treatment due to ongoing review by accounting standard rulemakers, potential actions by various parties involved with the QSPE, as discussed above, as well as varying and evolving interpretations of the QSPE criteria under SFAS 140. Additionally, accounting standard rulemakers continue to review the FIN 46R provisions related to the computations used to determine the primary beneficiary of a VIE.
Our maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investments in these VIEs was approximately $155.9 million as of September 30, 2008.
The financing structures, including loans and other lending investments, that we offer to our borrowers on certain of its loans involve the creation of entities that could be deemed VIEs and, therefore, could be subject to FIN 46R. Management has evaluated these entities and has concluded that none of them are VIEs that are subject to consolidation under FIN 46R.
We have identified one mezzanine loan as a variable interest in a VIE and have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of this VIE and as such the VIE should not be consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. Our maximum exposure to loss would not exceed the carrying amount of this investment which is zero. Our maximum exposure to loss, including the amortized cost of CMBS, as a result of our investments in these VIEs was $155.9 million as of September 30, 2008.
We have determined that two of our joint venture investments are VIEs in which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary and under FIN 46R have consolidated these investments as real estate investments. The primary effect of the consolidation is the requirement that we reflect the gross real estate assets and the gross mortgage loan payable of these entities in our financial statements.
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Fair Value Measurements under SFAS 157 and SFAS 159
We apply the provisions of SFAS No. 157, which establishes a fair value hierarchy, giving the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable data. SFAS 157 is applicable to our CMBS, derivatives, collateralized debt obligations, junior subordinated notes and collateral dependent loans. We also apply the provisions of SFAS No. 159, which allows us to measure certain financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value. We have elected SFAS 159 for all CDO bonds below AAA rating at the date of issuance, all junior subordinated debentures and all CMBS investments rated below AAA at the date of acquisition. Our intent is to hold CMBS, derivatives, CDO bonds and junior subordinated notes to maturity, therefore we believe the unrealized gains and losses are generally not reflective of the economic consideration we expect to be realized from holding them to maturity but rather are a product of short-term fluctuations in fair value due to changes in credit spreads and other market conditions. Our CDO bonds are in compliance with all interest coverage and over collateralization tests at September 30, 2008, therefore we believe our underlying investment portfolio will generate sufficient cash flows to repay our CDO bonds and junior subordinated securities in full, and as a result, we would not expect to ultimately realize the current unrealized gains on these securities. Our CMBS portfolio has experienced below market credit defaults, minimal downgrades and no adverse changes in cash flows, therefore we expect the majority of these unrealized losses will not be realized as we have the ability and intent to hold these investments to maturity. For derivative instruments, we plan to hold these instruments until maturity at which their fair value will be zero, preventing current unrealized losses from being realized. Our expectation of the ultimate realization of unrealized gains and losses is based on our current estimates and outlook. A prolonged continuation of current market conditions, further deterioration of real estate market or other market factors outside of our control could have a significant impact on whether we will ultimately realize unrealized gains or losses on financial instruments.
At September 30, 2008, 10% of our assets and 22% of our liabilities were measured at fair value using unobservable inputs.
Valuation and Accounting for CMBS
CMBS are classified as trading securities and are carried on our balance sheet at fair value. Our primary basis for estimating fair values for CMBS is using quoted market prices from third parties that actively participate in the CMBS market. We receive non-binding quotes from established financial institutions, which may range from one to four quotes for each investment, and select a fair value using the quotes received based on a prescribed methodology that is applied on a consistent basis each reporting period. These quotations are subject to significant variability based on market conditions, such as interest rates, liquidity, trading activity and credit spreads. We generally do not adjust values from broker quotes received. In the event we are unable to obtain any quotes from market participants or if in our judgment we believe quotes received are inaccurate, we estimate fair value using internal models that consider, among other things, the CMBX index, expected cash flows, known and expected defaults, the ACLI curve and rating agency reports. Changes in market conditions, as well as changes in the assumptions or methodology used to determine fair value, could result in a significant increase or decrease in the recorded amount of our investment. As of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, no CMBS investments were valued using internal models. Significant judgment is involved in valuations and different judgments and assumptions used in management’s valuation could result in different valuations. As the severe dislocation in the real estate and credit markets continues and worsens, resulting in illiquidity, our estimates of fair value will continue to have significant volatility. If our estimate of fair value at September 30, 2008 changed by 5%, our net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 would change by approximately $7.8 million.
Derivative Instruments
We recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. On January 1, 2008, we adopted SFAS 159 for several financial instruments, including certain CDO bonds, which are the instruments for which we seek to minimize interest rate risk through hedging activities. Because certain CDO bonds are recorded at fair value, all interest rate swaps outstanding at January 1, 2008 no longer qualify for hedge accounting and subsequent changes in fair value are recorded as a component of income from continuing operations.
Derivatives that do not qualify, or are not designated as hedge relationships, must be adjusted to fair value through income. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Cash flow hedges are accounted for by recording the fair value of the derivative instrument on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability. To the extent hedges are effective, a corresponding amount, adjusted for swap payments, is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity. Amounts are then reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to the income statement in the period or periods the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Ineffectiveness, if any, is recorded in the income statement. We periodically review the effectiveness of each hedging transaction, which involves estimating future cash flows, at least quarterly as required by SFAS Statement No. 133, or SFAS 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” as amended by FASB Statement No. 138 “Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities of an Amendment of FASB 133” and FASB Statement No. 149 “Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instrument and Hedging Activities.” Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, will be considered fair value hedges under SFAS 133. We currently have no fair value hedges outstanding. Fair values of derivatives are subject to significant variability based on changes in interest rates. The results of such variability could be a significant increase or decrease in our derivative assets, derivative liabilities, book equity, and/or earnings.
To estimate the fair values of derivative instruments, we use a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each balance sheet date. For the majority of financial instruments including most derivatives and long-term investments, standard market conventions and techniques such as discounted cash flow analysis, option-pricing models, replacement cost, and termination cost are used to determine fair value. The values are also adjusted to reflect nonperformance and credit risk. Significant judgment is involved in valuations and different judgments and assumptions used in management’s valuation could result in different valuations.
Valuation of CDO bonds
We record a portion of CDO bonds at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159. Estimated fair values for CDO bonds are based on independent appraisals. Currently, there is not an active market for our CDO bonds or our junior subordinated debentures and the independent appraiser estimates fair value using a valuation model that considers, among other things, (i) anticipated cash flows (ii) current market credit spreads, such as CMBX, (iii) known and anticipated credit issues of underlying collateral (iv) term and reinvestment period and (v) market transactions of similar securities. When available, management will compare fair values estimated by the independent appraiser to third party quotes and transactions of identical or similar securities, however, such information is not available on a consistent basis. Estimates of fair value are subject to significant variability based on market conditions, such as interest rates and credit spreads. Changes in market conditions, as well as changes in the assumptions or methodology used to determine fair value, could result in a significant increase or decrease in the recorded amount of our fair value. Significant judgment is involved in valuations and different judgments and assumptions used in management’s valuation could result in different valuations. If our estimate of fair value at September 30, 2008 changed by 5%, our net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 would change by approximately $10.7 million.
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Valuation of Junior Subordinated Notes
We record junior subordinated notes at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159. Estimated fair values for junior subordinated debentures are based on independent appraisals. Currently, there is not an active market for our CDO bonds or our junior subordinated debentures and the independent appraiser estimates fair value using a valuation model that considers, among other things, (i) anticipated cash flows (ii) current market credit spreads, such as CMBX, (iii) known and anticipated credit issues of underlying collateral (iv) term and reinvestment period and (v) market transactions of similar securities. When available, management will compare fair values estimated by the independent appraiser to third party quotes and transactions of identical or similar securities, however, such information is not available on a consistent basis. Estimates of fair value are subject to significant variability based on market conditions, such as interest rates and credit spreads. Changes in market conditions, as well as changes in the assumptions or methodology used to determine fair value, could result in a significant increase or decrease in the recorded amount of our fair value. Significant judgment is involved in valuations and different judgments and assumptions used in management’s valuation could result in different valuations. If our estimate of fair value at September 30, 2008 changed by 5%, our net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 would change by approximately $0.7 million.
Revenue Recognition
Interest income on loan investments is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Fees received in connection with loan commitments are deferred until the loan is funded and are then recognized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to yield. Fees on commitments that expire unused are recognized at expiration.
Income recognition is suspended for debt investments when receipt of income is not reasonably assured at the earlier of (i) management determining the borrower is incapable of curing, or has ceased efforts towards curing, the cause of a default; (ii) the loan becomes 90 days delinquent; (iii) the loan has a maturity default; or (iv) the net realizable value of the loan’s underlying collateral approximates our carrying value of such loan. Income recognition is resumed when the loan becomes contractually current and performance is demonstrated to be resumed. While income recognition is suspended, interest income is recognized only upon actual receipt.
Interest income on CMBS is recognized using the effective interest method as required by EITF 99-20. Under EITF 99-20 management estimates, at the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on these estimated cash flows and our purchase prices. On a quarterly basis, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is calculated based on the current amortized cost of the investment. In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies. These include the rate and timing of principal payments (including prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass through or coupon rate and interest rate fluctuations. In addition, interest payment shortfalls due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans, and the timing of and magnitude of credit losses on the mortgage loans underlying the securities have to be estimated. If there is an adverse change in the expected cash flows of a security, income will be recognized prospectively using the current market yields for the security. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may impact management’s estimates and our interest income.
Loan Loss Reserves
The expense for possible credit losses in connection with debt investments represents the increase in the allowance for possible credit losses to the level that management estimates to be adequate considering delinquencies, loss experience and collateral quality. Other factors considered relate to geographic trends and project diversification, the size of the portfolio and current economic conditions.
We must periodically evaluate loans for possible impairment. Loans and other investments are considered impaired, for financial reporting purposes, when it is deemed probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the original agreement, or, for loans acquired at a discount for credit quality when it is deemed probable that we will be unable to collect as anticipated.
Specific valuation allowances are established for impaired loans based on the fair value of collateral on an individual loan basis. The fair value of the collateral may be determined by (i) independent appraisal, (ii) internal company models, (iii) market bids or (iv) a combination of these methods. If the fair value of the collateral of an impaired loan is less than our carrying value the loan, a loan loss provision is recorded for the difference, resulting in our loan being recorded at fair value. Valuation of collateral and the resulting loan loss reserve is based on assumptions such as expected operating cash flows, expected capitalization rates, estimated time the property will be held, discount rates and other factors. Significant judgment is required both in determining impairment and in estimating the resulting loss allowance. Changes in market conditions, as well as changes in the assumption or methodology used to determine fair value, could result in a significant change in the recorded amount in our investment. Further, if actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values, we may be exposed to losses greater than those estimated and such differences could be material to the results of operations.
If upon completion of the valuation, the fair value of the underlying collateral securing the impaired loan is less than the net carrying value of the loan, an allowance is created with a corresponding charge to the provision for loan losses. The allowance for each loan is maintained at a level we believe is adequate to absorb probable losses. As of September 30, 2008, we have a loan loss reserve of $122.4 million. If our estimate of the fair value of collateral for collateral dependent loans increased or decreased by 5%, respectively, our net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 would have changed by $0.4 million.
Manager Compensation
The management agreement provides for the payment of a base management fee to our Manager and an incentive fee if our financial performance exceeds certain benchmarks. The base management fee and the incentive fee are accrued and expensed during the period for which they are calculated and earned.
Stock-Based Payment
We have issued restricted shares of common stock and options to purchase common stock, or equity awards, to our directors, our Manager, employees of our Manager and other related persons. We account for stock-based compensation related to these equity awards using the fair value based methodology under FASB Statement No. 123(R), or SFAS 123(R), “Share Based Payment” and EITF 96-18 “Accounting for Equity Instruments that are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling Goods or Services.” Compensation cost for restricted stock and stock options issued is initially measured at fair value at the grant date, remeasured at subsequent dates to the extent the awards are unvested, and amortized into expense over the vesting period on a straight-line basis.
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New Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2007, the FASB issued Financial Accounting Standard No. 141R, “Business Combinations,” or SFAS No. 141R. SFAS 141R broadens the guidance of SFAS 141, extending its applicability to all transactions and other events in which one entity obtains control over one or more other businesses. It broadens the fair value measurement and recognition of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and interests transferred as a result of business combinations and stipulates that acquisition related costs be expensed rather than included as part of the basis of the acquisition. SFAS 141R expands required disclosures to improve the ability to evaluate the nature and financial effects of business combinations. SFAS 141R is effective for all transactions entered into on or after January 1, 2009. We anticipate that the adoption of SFAS No. 141R will only have a significant impact on our financial statements if we enter into a business combination after the adoption date.
In December 2007, the FASB issued Financial Accounting Standard No. 160 “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – An Amendment of ARB No. 51,” or SFAS No. 160. SFAS 160 requires a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary to be reported as equity and the amount of consolidated net income specifically attributable to the noncontrolling interest to be identified in the consolidated financial statements. SFAS 160 also provides for consistency in the manner of reporting changes in the parent’s ownership interest and requires fair value measurement of any noncontrolling equity investment retained in a deconsolidation. SFAS 160 is effective on January 1, 2009. We do not anticipate the adoption of SFAS No. 160 will have a significant impact on our financial statements.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market Risk
Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and real estate values. The primary market risks that we are exposed to are real estate risk, interest rate risk, market value risk and prepayment risk.
Real Estate Risk
Commercial mortgage assets, commercial property values and net operating income derived from such properties are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors), local real estate conditions (such as an oversupply of housing, retail, industrial, office or other commercial space); changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; retroactive changes to building or similar codes; and increases in operating expenses (such as energy costs). In the event that net operating income from such properties decreases, a borrower may have difficulty repaying our loans, which could result in losses to us. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay our loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses. Even when the net operating income is sufficient to cover the related property’s debt service, there can be no assurance that this will continue to be the case in the future.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates along the entire interest rate curve for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 would have increased our net interest expense by approximately $1.0 million and 1.9 million, respectively, and increased our investment income by approximately $1.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates along the entire interest rate curve for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 would have increased our net interest expense by approximately $3.6 million and $4.4 million, respectively, and increased our investment income by approximately $5.1 million and $5.0 million, respectively.
Our operating results will depend in large part on differences between the income from our loans and our borrowing costs. We generally match the interest rates on our loans with like-kind debt, so that fixed rate loans are financed with fixed rate debt and floating rate loans are financed with floating rate debt, directly or through the use of interest rate swaps or other financial instruments. The objective of this strategy is to minimize the impact of interest rate changes on our net interest income. Currently most of our borrowings, with the exception of the two most junior classes of our CDO bonds (aggregating $44.25 million) and one of our consolidated joint venture mortgages payable of $25.8 million are variable-rate instruments, based on 30-day LIBOR.
In the event of a significant rising interest rate environment and/or economic downturn, defaults could increase and result in credit losses to us, which could adversely affect our liquidity and operating results. Further, such delinquencies or defaults could have an adverse effect on the spreads between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
We invest in CMBS, which are designated as trading on our balance sheet. The majority of our CMBS investments is fixed rate securities and is partially financed with floating rate debt. In order to minimize the exposure to interest rate risk we utilize interest rate swaps to convert the floating rate debt to fixed rate debt, which matches the fixed interest rate of the CMBS.
As of September 30, 2008, we have 22 interest rate swap agreements and three basis swap agreements outstanding with an aggregate current notional value of $950.2 million and $111.2 million, respectively, to hedge our exposure on forecasted outstanding LIBOR-based debt. The market value of these interest rate swaps and basis swaps is dependent upon existing market interest rates and swap spreads, which change over time. If there were a 100 basis point decrease in forward interest rates at September 30, 2008, the fair value of these interest rate swaps and basis swaps and our net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 would have decreased by approximately $18.4 million. If there were a 100 basis point increase in forward interest rates at September 30, 2008, the fair value of these interest rate swaps and basis swaps and our net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 would have increased by approximately $56.4 million.
Our hedging transactions using derivative instruments also involve certain additional risks such as counterparty credit risk, the enforceability of hedging contracts and the risk that unanticipated and significant changes in interest rates will cause a significant loss of basis in the contract. The counterparty to our derivative arrangements are Deutsche Bank AG, and Wachovia. The severe issues in the credit markets have significantly raised concerns over counter party credit risk, even with those counter parties long thought to be safe due to their size, history and reputation. As of September 30, 2008, we believe our counterparty credit risk is minimal given that we are in a net liability position for each counterparty that we have open hedging transactions with. As a result, we do not anticipate that any counterparty will fail to meet their obligations. We will continue to closely monitor our hedge positions and consider counterparty credit risk, however, there can be no assurance that we will be able to adequately protect against the foregoing risks and will ultimately realize an economic benefit that exceeds the related amounts incurred in connection with engaging in such hedging strategies.
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We utilize interest rate swaps to limit interest rate risk. Derivatives are used for hedging purposes rather than speculation. We do not enter into financial instruments for trading purposes. The following table sets forth our derivative instruments as of September 30, 2008:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Type of Hedge | | Notional Amount | | Swap Rate | | | Trade Date | | Maturity Date | | Termination Value at September 30, 2008 | |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | $ | 175,324,925 | | 5.055 | % | | 3/16/2006 | | 10/25/2011 | | $ | (5,349,357 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 44,736,359 | | 5.663 | % | | 5/12/2006 | | 2/25/2018 | | | (4,106,119 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 36,075,000 | | 5.171 | % | | 9/19/2006 | | 9/25/2011 | | | (1,607,377 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 28,151,274 | | 4.947 | % | | 12/15/2006 | | 10/25/2011 | | | (1,108,450 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 14,300,000 | | 5.419 | % | | 6/20/2007 | | 12/25/2008 | | | (61,902 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 15,300,000 | | 5.467 | % | | 6/20/2007 | | 6/18/2012 | | | (969,707 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 9,100,000 | | 5.182 | % | | 3/4/2008 | | 2/25/2012 | | | (464,237 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 26,950,500 | | 5.243 | % | | 3/4/2008 | | 4/25/2016 | | | (1,908,670 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 4,250,000 | | 5.574 | % | | 3/4/2008 | | 7/25/2011 | | | (242,689 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 336,278,707 | | 4.909 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 4/7/2021 | | | (11,938,375 | ) |
Basis Swap | | | 58,112,000 | | 3.948 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 1/7/2010 | | | 323,102 | |
Basis Swap | | | 4,413,734 | | 3.943 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 9/15/2011 | | | 33,883 | |
Basis Swap | | | 48,650,000 | | 3.945 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 4/7/2010 | | | 283,927 | |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 28,290,000 | | 4.842 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 10/7/2011 | | | (878,423 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 25,000,000 | | 4.842 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 10/7/2011 | | | (776,468 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 13,500,000 | | 4.842 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 4/9/2012 | | | (442,400 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 25,000,000 | | 4.842 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 1/9/2012 | | | (809,067 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 23,610,000 | | 4.842 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 4/9/2012 | | | (780,588 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 16,200,000 | | 4.842 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 7/7/2015 | | | (599,641 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 2,835,000 | | 4.842 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 10/7/2011 | | | (89,058 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 12,000,000 | | 4.842 | % | | 3/2/2007 | | 1/9/2012 | | | (376,110 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 28,700,000 | | 5.600 | % | | 6/28/2007 | | 10/7/2017 | | | (2,701,944 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 8,500,000 | | 5.654 | % | | 8/16/2007 | | 6/7/2017 | | | (821,195 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 26,400,000 | | 5.390 | % | | 9/28/2007 | | 10/7/2017 | | | (1,474,614 | ) |
Pay-Fixed Swap | | | 49,679,400 | | 5.510 | % | | 2/4/2008 | | 10/7/2017 | | | (3,134,956 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,061,356,899 | | | | | | | | | $ | (40,000,435 | ) |
Prepayment Risk
As we receive repayments of principal on loans and other lending investments or CMBS, premiums paid on such investments are amortized against interest income using the effective yield method through the expected maturity dates of the investments. In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate the amortization of purchase premiums, thereby reducing the interest income earned on the investments. Conversely discounts received on such investments are accreted into interest income using the effective yield method through the expected maturity dates of the investments. In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate the accretion of purchase discounts, thereby increasing the interest income earned on the investments.
Geographic Concentration Risk
As of September 30, 2008, approximately 29%, 10%, 47% and 8% of the outstanding balance of our loan investments had underlying properties in the East, the South, the West, and the Midwest, respectively, as defined by the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries, or NCREIF, while the remaining 6.0% of the outstanding loan investments had underlying properties that are located throughout the United States.
Inflation
Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are interest rate sensitive in nature. As a result, interest rates and other factors influence our performance more so than does inflation. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates or changes in inflation rates. Further, our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and our distributions are determined by our board of directors based primarily by our net income as calculated for tax purposes, in each case, our activities and balance sheet are measured with reference to historical cost and or fair market value without considering inflation.
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Forward-Looking Information
This report includes certain statements that may be deemed to be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. In some cases, you can identify forward looking statements by terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “should,” “will” and “would” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.
The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us or are within our control. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. You should carefully consider these risks along with the following factors that could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements:
| • | | our future operating results; |
| • | | our business operations and prospects; |
| • | | general volatility of the securities markets in which we invest and the market price of our common stock; |
| • | | changes in our business strategy; |
| • | | availability, terms and deployment of capital; |
| • | | availability and retention of qualified personnel; |
| • | | our ability to effectively internalize the management function of our business and operate as an internally managed company; |
| • | | the receipt of any required CDO bondholder approvals in connection with our internalization; |
| • | | changes in our industry, interest rates, the debt securities markets, the general economy or the commercial finance and real estate markets specifically; |
| • | | unanticipated increases in financing and other costs, including a rise in interest rates, or requirements for additional collateral; |
| • | | the performance and financial condition of borrowers and corporate customers; |
| • | | the cost of our capital, which depends in part on our asset quality, the nature of our relationships with our lenders and other capital providers, our business prospects and outlook and general market conditions; |
| • | | increased rates of default and/or decreased recovery rates on our investments; |
| • | | our ability to satisfy complex rules in order for us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and qualify for our exemption under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to qualify as REITs and certain our subsidiaries to qualify as taxable REIT subsidiaries for U.S federal income tax purposes, and our ability and the ability of our subsidiary to operate effectively with the limitations imposed by these rules; |
| • | | risk of structured finance investments; |
| • | | increased prepayments of the mortgage and other loans underlying our mortgage-backed or other asset-backed securities; |
| • | | changes in governmental regulations, tax rates and similar matters; |
| • | | legislative and regulatory changes (including changes to laws governing the taxation of REITs or the exemptions from registration as an investment company); |
| • | | potential derivative stockholder claims and any future litigation that may arise; |
| • | | the ultimate resolution of our five non-performing loans totaling $127.3 million and our four watch list loans totaling $41.0 million; |
| • | | the monetization of our joint venture investments; |
| • | | availability of investment opportunities in real estate-related and other securities; |
| • | | the degree and nature of our competition; |
| • | | our ability to satisfy our covenants for our CDO debt; |
| • | | the adequacy of our cash reserves and working capital; |
| • | | the timing of cash flows, if any, from our investments; |
| • | | the liquidity and other effects of our common stock trading on the over-the-counter bulletin board; and |
| • | | other factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. |
We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of future events, new information or otherwise.
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The risks included here are not exhaustive. Other sections of this report may include additional factors that could adversely affect our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors, nor can it assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results.
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
For a discussion of quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see the “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations above.
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based closely on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” in Rule 13a-15(e). Notwithstanding the foregoing, no matter how well a control system is designed and operated, it can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within our company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in our periodic reports. Also, we may have investments in certain unconsolidated entities. Because we do not control these entities, our disclosure controls and procedures with respect to such entities are necessarily substantially more limited than those we maintain with respect to our consolidated subsidiaries.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
There have been no significant changes in our “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this quarterly report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
On October 30, 2007, a putative class action lawsuit was commenced in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut against CBRE Realty Finance, Inc., our former chief financial officer and our former chief executive officer seeking remedies under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Amended complaints filed on March 25, 2008 and May 6, 2008 added our chairman and the underwriters that participated in our October 2006 initial public offering as additional defendants. The plaintiffs allege that the registration statement and prospectus relating to the initial public offering contained material misstatements and material omissions. Specifically, the plaintiffs allege that management had knowledge of certain loan impairments and did not properly disclose or record such impairments in the financial statements. The plaintiffs seek to represent a class of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired our common stock between September 29, 2006 and August 6, 2007 and seek damages in an unspecified amount. On July 29, 2008, we filed a Motion to Dismiss the putative class action suit with the federal district court for the District of Connecticut. Oral argument before the court has been scheduled for November 2008 in connection with the Motion to Dismiss.
In addition, on January 15, 2008 and February 7, 2008, we received complaints from an attorney representing two stockholders, alleging that certain officers and directors of our company knowingly violated generally accepted accounting principles for certain of our assets. The stockholders demanded that we take action to recover from such directors and officers the amount of damages sustained by us as a result of the misconduct alleged therein and to correct deficiencies in our internal controls and accounting practices that allowed the misconduct to occur. In response to the letters from stockholders’ counsel, the Board of Directors appointed a special committee to investigate the allegations set forth in the letters. On July 10, 2008, the special committee reported its findings to the Board of Directors and recommended that no further action be taken. The Board of Directors has adopted the committee’s recommendation unanimously.
We believe that the allegations and claims against us and our directors, former chief financial officer and former chief executive officer are without merit and we intend to contest these claims vigorously. An adverse resolution of the action could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations in the period in which the lawsuits and claims are resolved. We are not presently able to estimate potential losses to us, if any, related to these lawsuits and claims.
Other than the risk factors set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 filed on March 16, 2008 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the Commission. As used in this Item 1A, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to CBRE Realty Finance, Inc., our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries and our ownership in joint venture assets and real estate projects.
There can be no assurance that the actions of the U.S. government, Federal Reserve and other governmental and regulatory bodies for the purpose of stabilizing the financial markets, or market response to those actions, will achieve the intended effect, our business may not benefit from these actions and further government or market developments could adversely impact us.
In response to the financial issues affecting the banking system and financial markets and going concern threats to investment banks and other financial institutions, the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, or the EESA, was recently enacted. The EESA provides the U.S. Secretary of Treasury with the authority to establish a Troubled Asset Relief Program, or TARP, to purchase from financial institutions up to $700 billion of residential or commercial mortgages and any securities, obligations, or other instruments that are based on, or related to, such mortgages, that in each case was originated or issued on or before March 14, 2008,
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as well as any other financial instrument that the U.S. Secretary of Treasury, after consultation with the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, determines the purchase of which is necessary to promote financial market stability, upon transmittal of such determination, in writing, to the appropriate committees of the U.S. Congress. In addition, the U.S. Secretary of Treasury has the authority to establish a program to guarantee, upon request from a financial institution, the timely payment of principal and interest on these financial assets.
There can be no assurance that the EESA will have a beneficial impact on the financial markets, including current extreme levels of volatility. To the extent the market does not respond favorably to the TARP or the TARP does not function as intended, our business may not receive the anticipated positive impact from the legislation. In addition, the U.S. Government, Federal Reserve and other governmental and regulatory bodies have taken or are considering taking other actions to address the financial crisis. We cannot predict whether or when such actions may occur or what impact, if any, such actions could have on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Item 2: | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Use of Proceeds from Sale of Registered Securities
None.
Item 3: | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |
None.
Item 4: | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
None.
None.
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3.1 | | Articles of Amendment and Restatement of CBRE Realty Finance, Inc., incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-132186), as amended. |
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3.2 | | Amended and Restated Bylaws of CBRE Realty Finance, Inc., incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-132186), as amended. |
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10.1 | | First Amendment to Amended and Restated Management Agreement, by and among CBRE Realty Finance, Inc., CBRE Realty Finance Management, LLC, CB Richard Ellis, Inc. and CBRE Melody & Company, dated October 13, 2008, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33050), filed on October 15, 2008. |
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31.1 | | Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. |
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31.2 | | Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. |
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32.1 | | Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. |
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32.2 | | Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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CBRE Realty Finance, Inc. |
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/s/ Kenneth J. Witkin |
Kenneth J. Witkin |
Interim President and Chief Executive Officer |
Date: November 6, 2008
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/s/ Daniel Farr |
Daniel Farr |
Chief Financial Officer |
Date: November 6, 2008
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