Lixte Biotechnology (LIXT) 10-K 23 Mar 18 2017 FY Annual report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 01, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Document And Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	LIXTE BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	1,335,105
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2017
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filer	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Public Float			$ 1,450,000
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		58,025,814
Trading Symbol	LIXT
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2,017

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash	$ 1,305,748	$ 199,929
Advances on research and development contract services, including $181,510 made to or through Theradex at December 31, 2016		183,490
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	62,317	49,992
Total current assets	1,368,065	433,411
Total assets	1,368,065	433,411
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	312,034	159,595
Research and development contract liabilities, including $0 and $33,216 to Theradex at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively	60,990	59,056
Total current liabilities	373,024	218,651
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized - 10,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding - 350,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $10.00 per share stated value, $50.00 per share redemption value; aggregate redemption value - $17,500,000; liquidation preference based on assumed conversion into common shares - 4,375,000 shares	3,500,000	3,500,000
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized - 100,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding - 58,025,814 shares and 47,875,814 shares at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively	5,802	4,787
Additional paid-in capital	20,004,654	17,416,974
Accumulated deficit	(22,515,415)	(20,707,001)
Total stockholders' equity	995,041	214,760
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 1,368,065	$ 433,411

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Advances on research and development contract services, from Theradex		$ 181,510
Research and development contract liabilities, Theradex	$ 0	$ 33,216
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	58,025,814	47,875,814
Common stock, shares outstanding	58,025,814	47,875,814
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	350,000	350,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	350,000	350,000
Preferred stock, stated value	$ 10	$ 10
Preferred stock, per share redemption price	$ 50	$ 50
Preferred stock, aggregate redemption value	$ 17,500,000	$ 17,500,000
Preferred stock, issuable upon conversion	4,375,000	4,375,000

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues
Costs and expenses:
General and administrative costs, including $83,686 and $182,264 to related parties for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively	1,342,531	1,264,909
Research and development costs, including $105,698 and $427,429 to Theradex for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively	467,258	870,006
Total costs and expenses	1,809,789	2,134,915
Loss from operations	(1,809,789)	(2,134,915)
Interest income	1,375	183
Net loss	$ (1,808,414)	$ (2,134,732)
Net loss per common share – basic and diluted	$ (0.03)	$ (0.04)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted	55,817,458	47,875,814

Consolidated Statements of Ope5

Consolidated Statements of Operations (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Statement [Abstract]
General and administrative costs, to related parties	$ 83,686	$ 182,264
Research and development costs, to Theradex	$ 105,698	$ 427,429

Consolidated Statement of Stock

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 1,750,000	$ 4,787	$ 17,129,815	$ (18,572,269)	$ 312,333
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2015	175,000	47,875,814
Sale of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	$ 1,750,000				1,750,000
Sale of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, shares	175,000
Stock-based compensation expense			287,159		287,159
Net loss				(2,134,732)	(2,134,732)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 3,500,000	$ 4,787	17,416,974	(20,707,001)	214,760
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2016	350,000	47,875,814
Stock-based compensation expense			70,695		70,695
Sale of common stock		$ 1,000	2,499,000		2,500,000
Sale of common stock, shares		10,000,000
Exercise of common stock options		$ 15	17,985		18,000
Exercise of common stock options, shares		150,000
Net loss				(1,808,414)	(1,808,414)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 3,500,000	$ 5,802	$ 20,004,654	$ (22,515,415)	$ 995,041
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2017	350,000	58,025,814

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (1,808,414)	$ (2,134,732)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense included in - General and administrative costs	38,675	109,264
Stock-based compensation expense included in - Research and development costs	32,020	177,895
(Increase) decrease in -
Licensing fee receivable		200,000
Advances on research and development contract services	183,490	24,187
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(12,325)	10,930
Increase (decrease) in -
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	152,439	519
Research and development contract liabilities	1,934	(65,510)
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,412,181)	(1,677,447)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Decrease in money market funds		104,095
Net cash provided by investing activities		104,095
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock		1,750,000
Exercise of common stock options	18,000
Payment of dividends payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock		(2,000)
Proceeds from sale of common stock	2,500,000
Net cash provided by financing activities	2,518,000	1,748,000
Cash:
Net increase	1,105,819	174,648
Balance at beginning of year	199,929	25,281
Balance at end of year	1,305,748	199,929
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest
Income taxes

Organization and Basis of Prese

Organization and Basis of Presentation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Organization and Basis of Presentation	1. Organization and Basis of Presentation Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Holdings”), including its wholly-owned Delaware subsidiary, Lixte Biotechnology, Inc. (“Lixte”) (collectively, the “Company”), is a drug discovery company that uses biomarker technology to identify enzyme targets associated with serious common diseases and then designs novel compounds to attack those targets. The Company’s product pipeline encompasses two major categories of compounds at various stages of pre-clinical and clinical development that the Company believes have broad therapeutic potential not only for cancer but also for other debilitating and life-threatening diseases. The Company’s activities are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including the need for additional capital, as described below. The Company has not yet commenced any revenue-generating operations, does not have positive cash flows from operations, and is dependent on periodic infusions of equity capital to fund its operating requirements. The Company’s common stock is traded on the OTCQB operated by the OTC Markets under the symbol “LIXT”. Going Concern The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been presented on the basis that it is a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has not generated any revenues from operations to date and does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. The Company has experienced recurring operating losses and negative operating cash flows since inception and has financed its working capital requirements during this period through the recurring sale of its equity securities and the exercise of outstanding common stock options and purchase warrants. As a result, management has concluded that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date that the consolidated financial statements were issued. In addition, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, in their report on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, has also expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to raise additional equity capital to fund its research and development activities and to ultimately achieve sustainable operating revenues and profits. The Company’s consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Because the Company is currently engaged in research at a relatively early stage, it will likely take a significant amount of time to develop any product or intellectual property capable of generating sustainable revenues. Accordingly, the Company’s business is unlikely to generate any sustainable operating revenues in the next several years and may never do so. In addition, to the extent that the Company is able to generate revenues through licensing its technologies or through product sales, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to achieve positive earnings and operating cash flows. At December 31, 2017, the Company had cash of $1,305,748. The Company believes that it has sufficient working capital resources to fund the Company’s ongoing business activities through approximately June 30, 2018. The next steps in the development of the Company’s lead anti-cancer compound LB-100 are to evaluate its anti-cancer effects in Phase 1b/2 clinical trials, which will require additional financing. The Company’s longer-term objective is to secure one or more strategic partnerships with pharmaceutical companies with major programs in cancer. The amount and timing of future cash requirements in 2018 and thereafter will depend on the pace and design of the Company’s clinical trial program. As market conditions present uncertainty as to the Company’s ability to secure additional funds, there can be no assurances that the Company will be able to secure additional financing on acceptable terms, or at all, as and when necessary to continue to conduct operations. If cash resources are insufficient to satisfy the Company’s ongoing cash requirements, the Company would be required to scale back or discontinue its technology and product development programs and/or clinical trials, or obtain funds, if available (although there can be no certainty), through strategic alliances that may require the Company to relinquish rights to certain of its compounds, or to discontinue its operations entirely. Reclassifications Certain comparative amounts in 2016 have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. For the year ended December 31, 2016, patent-related legal costs of $431,127 were reclassified from research and development costs to general and administrative costs. For the year ended December 31, 2017, patent-related legal costs of $846,169 were charged directly to general and administrative costs.

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include the financial statements of Holdings and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Lixte. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable in relation to the financial statements taken as a whole under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Management regularly evaluates the key factors and assumptions used to develop the estimates utilizing currently available information, changes in facts and circumstances, historical experience and reasonable assumptions. After such evaluations, if deemed appropriate, those estimates are adjusted accordingly. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include those related to assumptions used in accruals for potential liabilities, valuing equity instruments issued for services, and the realization of deferred tax assets. Cash Concentrations The Company maintains cash balances with financial institutions in federally-insured accounts. The Company may periodically have cash balances in banks in excess of FDIC insurance limits. The Company maintains its accounts with financial institutions with high credit ratings. The Company has not experienced any losses to date resulting from this practice. Research and Development Research and development costs consist primarily of fees paid to consultants and outside service providers, and other expenses relating to the acquisition, design, development and testing of the Company’s compounds and product candidates. Research and development costs are expensed ratably over the life of the underlying contracts, unless the achievement of milestones, the completion of contracted work, or other information indicates that a different expensing schedule is more appropriate. Obligations incurred with respect to mandatory scheduled payments under research agreements without milestone provisions are recognized ratably over the appropriate period, as specified in the agreement, and are recorded as liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, with a corresponding charge to research and development costs in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The Company retained Theradex Systems, Inc. (“Theradex”), an international contract research organization (“CRO”) that provides professional services for the clinical research and development of pharmaceutical compounds, to be responsible for managing and administering the Company’s Phase 1 clinical trial of LB-100. The costs of the Phase 1 clinical trial of LB-100 that were paid through Theradex were recorded and expensed based upon the documentation provided by the CRO. Payments made pursuant to research and development contracts are initially recorded as advances on research and development contract services in the Company’s balance sheet and then charged to research and development costs in the Company’s statement of operations as those contract services are performed. Expenses incurred under research and development contracts in excess of amounts advanced are recorded as research and development contract liabilities in the Company’s balance sheet, with a corresponding charge to research and development costs in the Company’s statement of operations. The Company reviews the status of its research and development contracts on a quarterly basis. Patent and Licensing Costs Due to the significant uncertainty associated with the successful development of one or more commercially viable products based on the Company’s research efforts and related patent applications, all patent-related legal and filing fees and licensing-related legal fees are expensed as incurred. Patent and licensing costs were $846,169 and $621,734 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Patent and licensing costs are included in general and administrative costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Accounting for Preferred Stock The Company accounts for preferred stock as either equity or debt, depending on the specific characteristics of the security issued. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock issued by the Company in January 2016 and March 2015 has been classified in stockholders’ equity, as described at Note 3. Concentration of Risk The Company periodically contracts with directors, including companies controlled by or associated with directors, to provide consulting services related to the Company’s research and development and clinical trial activities. Agreements for these services can be for a specific time period (typically one year) or for a specific project or task and can include both cash and non-cash compensation. The only such contract that represents 10% or more of general and administrative or research and development costs is described below. On September 21, 2012, the Company entered into a work order agreement with Theradex, the CRO responsible for the clinical development of the Company’s lead anti-cancer compound LB-100, to manage and administer the Phase 1 clinical trial of LB-100. The Phase 1 clinical trial of LB-100, which began during April 2013 with the entry of patients into the clinical trial, was carried out by nationally recognized comprehensive cancer centers. The patient accrual goal was reached in April 2016 and the clinical trial was closed to further patient enrollment at that time. All patients completed treatment with LB-100 and were off study by the end of May 2016. The Company has continued to incur costs to complete the analysis of the clinical data, reconcile and pay the remaining costs owed to the participating clinical sites, and to prepare and submit the required Clinical Study Report to the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) on the completed Phase 1 clinical trial of LB-100, which process was substantially complete at December 31, 2017. Total costs charged to operations from 2013 through December 31, 2017 for services paid to or through Theradex for the Phase 1 clinical trial of LB-100 aggregated $2,233,248, with approximately 60% of such costs allocated for services provided by Theradex and approximately 40% for pass-through costs for clinical center laboratory costs and investigator costs over the life of the clinical trial. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred $105,698 and $427,429, respectively, of such clinical trial costs, representing approximately 23% and 49% of research and development costs for such periods. Costs pursuant to this agreement are included in research and development costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Accordingly, the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected impact of differences between the financial statements and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. The Company has elected to deduct research and development costs on a current basis for federal income tax purposes. For federal tax purposes, start-up and organization costs were deferred until January 1, 2008 at which time the Company began to amortize such costs over a 180-month period. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In the event the Company was to determine that it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of its recorded amount, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets would be credited to operations in the period such determination was made. Likewise, should the Company determine that it would not be able to realize all or part of its deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets would be charged to operations in the period such determination was made. The Company is subject to U.S. federal income taxes and income taxes of various state tax jurisdictions. As the Company’s net operating losses have yet to be utilized, all previous tax years remain open to examination by Federal authorities and other jurisdictions in which the Company currently operates or has operated in the past. The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and does not anticipate any material amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months. The Company accounts for uncertainties in income tax law under a comprehensive model for the financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns as prescribed by GAAP. The tax effects of a position are recognized only if it is “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the taxing authority as of the reporting date. If the tax position is not considered “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained, then no benefits of the position are recognized. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had not recorded any liability for uncertain tax positions. In subsequent periods, any interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions will be recognized as a component of income tax expense. On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed and enacted into law H.R. 1 (the “Tax Reform Law”). The Tax Reform Law, effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, except for certain provisions, resulted in significant changes to existing United States tax law, including various provisions that are expected to impact the Company. The Tax Reform Law reduces the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Company will continue to analyze the provisions of the Tax Reform Law to assess the impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Stock-Based Compensation The Company periodically issues common stock and stock options to officers, directors, Scientific Advisory Committee members and consultants for services rendered. Options vest and expire according to terms established at the issuance date of each grant. The Company accounts for stock-based payments to officers and directors by measuring the cost of services received in exchange for equity awards based on the grant date fair value of the awards, with the cost recognized as compensation expense on the straight-line basis in the Company’s financial statements over the vesting period of the awards. The Company accounts for stock-based payments to Scientific Advisory Committee members and consultants by determining the value of the stock compensation based upon the measurement date at either (a) the date at which a performance commitment is reached or (b) at the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Stock grants, which are generally time vested, are measured at the grant date fair value and charged to operations ratably over the vesting period. Stock options granted to members of the Company’s Scientific Advisory Committee and to outside consultants are revalued each reporting period to determine the amount to be recorded as an expense in the respective period. As the stock options vest, they are valued on each vesting date and an adjustment is recorded for the difference between the value already recorded and the value on the date of vesting. The fair value of common stock issued as stock-based compensation is determined by reference to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of issuance. The fair value of stock options granted as stock-based compensation is determined utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and is affected by several variables, the most significant of which are the life of the equity award, the exercise price of the stock option as compared to the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date, and the estimated volatility of the common stock over the term of the equity award. Estimated volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The fair market value of common stock is determined by reference to the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock. The Company recognizes the fair value of stock-based compensation awards in general and administrative costs and in research and development costs, as appropriate, in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The Company issues new shares of common stock to satisfy stock option exercises. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue, if any, when all four of the following criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists; (ii) delivery of the products and/or services has occurred; (iii) the fees earned can be readily determined; and (iv) collectability of the fees is reasonably assured. The Company did not have any operating revenue through December 31, 2017, and does not expect to recognize any revenue during the year ending December 31, 2018. Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components of comprehensive income or loss, including net income or loss, are reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income or loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) are reported net of any related tax effect to arrive at comprehensive income (loss). The Company did not have any items of comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Earnings (Loss) Per Share The Company’s computation of earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) includes basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as the income (loss) attributable to common stockholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS but presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of potential common shares (e.g., preferred shares, warrants and stock options) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential common shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS. Loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the respective periods. Basic and diluted loss per common share is the same for all periods presented because all preferred shares, warrants and stock options outstanding are anti-dilutive. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company excluded the outstanding securities summarized below, which entitle the holders thereof to acquire shares of common stock, from its calculation of earnings per share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. December 31, 2017 2016 Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 4,375,000 4,375,000 Common stock options 7,470,000 8,600,000 Total 11,845,000 12,975,000 Fair Value of Financial Instruments The authoritative guidance with respect to fair value established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels and requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of three categories, as presented below. Disclosure as to transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 2, and activity in Level 3 fair value measurements, is also required. Level 1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for an identical asset or liability that the Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 1 inputs include active-exchange traded securities and exchange-based derivatives. Level 2. Inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, which are directly observable for the asset or liability or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 2 inputs include fixed income securities, non-exchange-based derivatives, mutual funds, and fair-value hedges. Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data for the asset or liability which requires the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 3 inputs include infrequently-traded non-exchange-based derivatives and commingled investment funds and are measured using present value pricing models. The Company determines the level in the fair value hierarchy within which each fair value measurement falls in its entirety, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. In determining the appropriate levels, the Company performs an analysis of the assets and liabilities at each reporting period end. The carrying value of financial instruments (consisting of cash and accounts payable and accrued expenses) is considered to be representative of their respective fair values due to the short-term nature of those instruments. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 will eliminate transaction- and industry-specific revenue recognition guidance under current GAAP and replace it with a principle based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09 will require that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract. ASU 2014-09 also will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. The FASB has recently issued ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-11, ASU 2016-12, and ASU 2016-20, all of which clarify certain implementation guidance within ASU 2014-09. ASU 2014-09 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Entities will be able to transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company will adopt the provisions of ASU 2014-09 in the quarter beginning January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures. In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months, as well as the disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 requires recognition in the statement of operations of a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. ASU 2016-02 requires classification of all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. Disclosures are required to provide the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-02 in the quarter beginning January 1, 2019. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures. In July 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features; (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 allows companies to exclude a down round feature when determining whether a financial instrument (or embedded conversion feature) is considered indexed to the entity’s own stock. As a result, financial instruments (or embedded conversion features) with down round features may no longer be required to be accounted for as derivative liabilities. A company will recognize the value of a down round feature only when it is triggered and the strike price has been adjusted downward. For equity-classified freestanding financial instruments, an entity will treat the value of the effect of the down round as a dividend and a reduction of income available to common shareholders in computing basic earnings per share. For convertible instruments with embedded conversion features containing down round provisions, entities will recognize the value of the down round as a beneficial conversion discount to be amortized to earnings. ASU 2017-11 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance in ASU 2017-11 can be applied using a full or modified retrospective approach. The adoption of ASU 2017-11 is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures. Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, authoritative guidance, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures.

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	3. Stockholders’ Equity Preferred Stock The Company has authorized a total of 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. On March 17, 2015, the Company filed a Certificate of Designations, Preferences, Rights and Limitations (the “Certificate of Designations”) of its Series A Convertible Preferred Stock with the Delaware Secretary of State to amend the Company’s certificate of incorporation. The Company designated 175,000 shares as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, which are non-voting and are not subject to increase without the written consent of a majority of the holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock or as otherwise set forth in the Certificate of Designations. The holders of each 175,000 share tranche of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive a per share dividend equal to 1% of the annual net revenue of the Company divided by 175,000, until converted or redeemed. Effective January 28, 2016, the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Certificate of Designations was amended to increase the authorized shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock from 175,000 shares to 350,000 shares. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2017, 9,650,000 shares of preferred stock were undesignated and may be issued with such rights and powers as the Board of Directors may designate. Effective March 17, 2015, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with a stockholder of the Company who owned 10.6% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock immediately prior to this transaction, pursuant to which such stockholder purchased 175,000 shares of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock at $10.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $1,750,000. As the closing price of the Company’s common stock was $0.25 per share on March 17, 2015, which was less than the $0.80 effective price per share of the shares of common stock underlying the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, there was no beneficial conversion feature associated with this transaction. Effective January 21, 2016, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with the holder of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock previously sold on March 17, 2015, pursuant to which the Company sold an additional 175,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock at $10.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $1,750,000. As the closing price of the Company’s common stock was $0.22 per share on January 21, 2016, which was less than the $0.80 effective price per share of the shares of common stock underlying the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, there was no beneficial conversion feature associated with this transaction. Each share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock may be converted, at the option of the holder, into 12.5 shares of common stock (subject to customary anti-dilution provisions) and the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is subject to mandatory conversion at the conversion rate in the event of a merger or sale transaction resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of at least $21,875,000. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference based on its assumed conversion into shares of common stock. If fully converted, the 350,000 outstanding shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock would convert into 4,375,000 shares of common stock at December 31, 2017. The Company has the right to redeem the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock up to the fifth anniversary of the respective closing dates at a price per share equal to $50.00. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has no right to cash, except for the payment of the aforementioned dividend based on the generation of revenues by the Company, and does not have any registration rights. Based on the attributes of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock described above, the Company determined to account for the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock as a permanent component of stockholders’ equity. Based on the Company’s licensing revenues of $200,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recorded a dividend of $2,000 on the shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015. The dividend was paid in cash on May 1, 2016. Common Stock Effective February 24, 2017, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with an accredited investor pursuant to which the purchaser purchased 4,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $0.25 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $1,000,000. Effective April 3, 2017, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with an accredited investor pursuant to which the purchaser purchased 6,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $0.25 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $1,500,000. Information with respect to the issuance of common stock in connection with various stock-based compensation arrangements is provided at Note 5.

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	4. Related Party Transactions The Company’s Chairman and major stockholder, Dr. John Kovach, was paid a salary of $60,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, which amounts are included in general and administrative costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Beginning in late February 2017, Dr. Kovach began devoting 100% of his time to the Company’s business activities. The Company’s principal office facilities are being provided without charge by Dr. Kovach. Such costs were not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements and, accordingly, have not been reflected therein. On September 12, 2007, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Gil Schwartzberg for Mr. Schwartzberg to provide financial advisory and consulting services to the Company with respect to financing matters, capital structure and strategic development, and to assist management in communications with investors and shareholders. Mr. Schwartzberg is currently a significant stockholder of the Company and continues to be a consultant to the Company. Consideration under this consulting agreement, including subsequent extensions, has been paid exclusively in the form of stock options. On January 28, 2014, the Company entered into a second amendment to the consulting agreement to extend it to January 28, 2019. In conjunction with the second amendment to the consulting agreement, the Company granted to Mr. Schwartzberg stock options to purchase an additional aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of common stock, exercisable for a period of the earlier of five years from the grant date or the termination of the consulting agreement at $0.50 per share, with one-half of the stock options (2,000,000 shares) vesting immediately and one-half of the stock options (2,000,000 shares) vesting on January 28, 2015. Accordingly, all stock-based compensation expense with respect to the January 28, 2014 extension of the consulting agreement was charged to operations during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Legal and consulting fees charged to operations for services rendered by the Eric Forman Law Office were $48,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Eric J. Forman is the son-in-law of Gil Schwartzberg, a significant stockholder of and consultant to the Company, and is the son of Dr. Stephen J. Forman, who was elected to the Company’s Board of Directors on May 13, 2016. Julie Forman, the wife of Eric Forman and the daughter of Gil Schwartzberg, is Vice President of Morgan Stanley Wealth Management, where the Company maintains a banking relationship. Effective January 1, 2014, the Company entered into an Advisory Agreement with Dr. Kathleen P. Mullinix, a member of the Board of Directors of the Company at that time, effective for an initial term of one year through December 31, 2014 to advise on business development matters. The Advisory Agreement provided for annual cash compensation of $25,000, to be paid in full at the beginning of each year. The term of the Advisory Agreement was automatically extended for a term of one year annually unless a notice of intent to terminate was given by either party at least 90 days before the end of the applicable term. Accordingly, the Advisory Agreement was extended for additional terms of one year effective January 1, 2015 and 2016. Effective November 22, 2016, Dr. Mullinix resigned from the Company’s Board of Directors. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized a charge to operations of $25,000 as consulting and advisory fees pursuant to this Advisory Agreement, which is included in general and administrative costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Stock-based compensation arrangements involving members of the Company’s Board of Directors and affiliates are described at Note 5. Total stock-based compensation expense relating to directors, officers, affiliates and related parties was $35,676 and $109,264 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation	5. Stock-Based Compensation The Company issues common stock and stock options as incentive compensation to directors and as compensation for the services of independent contractors and consultants of the Company. On June 20, 2007, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the 2007 Stock Compensation Plan (the “2007 Plan”), which provides for the granting of awards, consisting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance shares, or restricted shares of common stock, to employees and independent contractors, for up to 2,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, under terms and conditions as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. The 2007 Plan terminated on June 19, 2017. As of December 31, 2017, unexpired stock options for 1,350,000 shares were issued and outstanding under the 2007 Plan. The fair value of each stock option awarded is estimated on the date of grant and subsequent measurement dates using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The expected dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s expectation of dividend payouts. The expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve in effect as of the grant date. The expected life of the stock options is the average of the vesting term and the full contractual term of the stock options. For stock options requiring an assessment of value during the year ended December 31, 2017, the fair value of each stock option award was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: Risk-free interest rate 1.18% to 2.47 % Expected dividend yield 0 % Expected volatility 308.51 to 332.63 % Expected life 1.5 to 5.0 years For stock options requiring an assessment of value during the year ended December 31, 2016, the fair value of each stock option award was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: Risk-free interest rate 0.60% to 1.93 % Expected dividend yield 0 % Expected volatility 196.75% to 226.44 % Expected life 2.0 to 5.0 years On December 24, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with NDA Consulting Corp. (“NDA”) for consultation and advice in the field of oncology research and drug development. As part of the agreement, NDA also agreed to cause its president, Dr. Daniel D. Von Hoff, M.D., to become a member of the Company’s Scientific Advisory Committee. In connection with this agreement, NDA was granted stock options to purchase 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, vesting 25,000 shares on June 24, 2014, and thereafter 25,000 shares annually on June 24, 2015, 2016 and 2017, exercisable for a period of five years from the date of grant at $0.13 per share, which was the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The fair value of these stock options, as calculated pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was initially determined to be $12,960 ($0.13 per share). The Company re-measures the non-vested options to fair value at the end of each reporting period. The unvested portion of the fair value of the stock options was charged to operations ratably from December 24, 2013 through June 24, 2017. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded a charge (credit) to operations of $2,492 and $(7,485), respectively, with respect to these stock options. Effective September 14, 2015, the Company entered into a Collaboration Agreement with BioPharmaWorks LLC (“BioPharmaWorks”), pursuant to which the Company engaged BioPharmaWorks to perform certain services for the Company as described at Note 7. In connection with the Collaboration Agreement, the Company agreed to issue to BioPharmaWorks 1,000,000 fully-vested shares of the Company’s common stock, valued at $260,000, based upon the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $0.26 per share, on September 14, 2015. Additionally, the Company issued to BioPharmaWorks two options in the form of warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares (500,000 shares per warrant) of the Company’s common stock. The first warrant vested on September 14, 2016 and is exercisable for a period of five years from the date of grant at $1.00 per share. The second warrant vested on September 14, 2017 and is exercisable for a period of five years from the date of grant at $2.00 per share. The fair value of the first and second warrants, as calculated pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was determined to be $128,400 ($0.2568 per share) and $127,850 ($0.2557 per share), respectively. The Company re-measured the non-vested stock options to fair value at the end of each reporting period through September 30, 2017. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded a charge to operations of $29,528 and $70,155, respectively, with respect to these common shares and warrants. On November 28, 2015, the Company entered into a two-year advisory agreement with Dr. Fritz Henn, M.D., Ph.D., for consultation and advice on the development of certain of the Company’s products for clinical neurological and neuropsychiatric applications. Dr. Henn is an internationally recognized investigative neuroscientist and psychiatrist. In connection with the advisory agreement, and as sole compensation, Dr. Henn was granted stock options to purchase 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, with 100,000 shares vesting on November 28, 2015, and 100,000 shares vesting on November 28, 2016. The stock options are exercisable for a period of five years from the grant date at $0.50 per share. The fair value of these stock options, as calculated pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was initially determined to be $103,360 ($0.5168 per share), of which $51,680 was attributable to the stock options fully-vested on November 28, 2015 and was therefore charged to operations on that date. The remaining unvested portion of the fair value of the stock options was charged to operations ratably from November 28, 2015 through November 28, 2016. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded a charge to operations of $16,324 with respect to these stock options. Effective April 25, 2016, in connection with her continuing role as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, Dr. Kathleen P. Mullinix was granted fully-vested stock options under the 2007 Plan to purchase 150,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The stock options were exercisable for a period of five years from the date of grant at $0.12 per share, which was the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on such date. The fair value of these stock options, as calculated pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was determined to be $17,535 ($0.1169 per share), which was charged to operations on the date of grant. Effective November 22, 2016, Dr. Mullinix resigned as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company. Consequently, pursuant to the stock option agreement, Dr. Mullinix had twelve months from November 22, 2016 to exercise her stock options to acquire 150,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. On July 6, 2017, Dr. Mullinix exercised such stock options in full by making a cash payment of $18,000 to the Company. Effective April 25, 2016, in connection with his continuing role as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, Dr. Philip F. Palmedo was granted fully-vested stock options under the 2007 Plan to purchase 450,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The stock options are exercisable for a period of five years from the date of grant at $0.12 per share, which was the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on such date. The fair value of these stock options, as calculated pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was determined to be $52,604 ($0.1169 per share), which was charged to operations on the date of grant. Effective May 13, 2016, in conjunction with his appointment as a director of the Company, the Company granted to Dr. Stephen J. Forman stock options to purchase an aggregate of 200,000 shares of common stock under the 2007 Plan, exercisable for a period of five years from vesting date at $0.16 per share, which was the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on such date. One-half of such stock option (100,000 shares) vested on May 13, 2016 and the remaining one-half of such stock option (100,000 shares) vested on May 13, 2017. The fair value of these stock options, as calculated pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was determined to be $31,180 ($0.1559 per share), of which $15,590 was attributable to the stock options fully-vested on May 13, 2016 and was therefore was charged to operations on that date. The remaining unvested portion of the fair value of the stock options was charged to operations ratably from May 13, 2016 through May 13, 2017. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded a total charge to operations of $5,681 and $25,500, respectively, with respect to these stock options. Effective June 7, 2016, in connection with his continuing role as a consultant to the Company, Eric Forman was granted fully-vested stock options under the 2007 Plan to purchase 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The stock options are exercisable for a period of five years from the date of grant at $0.15 per share. The fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant was $0.14 per share. The fair value of these stock options, as calculated pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was determined to be $13,625 ($0.1363 per share), which was charged to operations on the date of grant. Effective September 12, 2016, in connection with his continuing role as a consultant to the Company, Francis Johnson was granted fully-vested stock options under the 2007 Plan to purchase 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The stock options are exercisable for a period of five years from the date of grant at $0.25 per share. The fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant was $0.25 per share. The fair value of these stock options, as calculated pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was determined to be $98,901 ($0.1978 per share), which was charged to operations on the date of grant. Effective October 16, 2017, in connection with his continuing role as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, Dr. Philip F. Palmedo was granted fully-vested stock options to purchase 50,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The stock options are exercisable for a period of five years from the date of grant at $0.15 per share, which was the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on such date. The fair value of these stock options, as calculated pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was determined to be $7,499 ($0.1500 per share), which was charged to operations on the date of grant. Effective October 16, 2017, in connection with his continuing role as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, Dr. Stephen J. Forman was granted fully-vested stock options to purchase 50,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The stock options are exercisable for a period of five years from the date of grant at $0.15 per share, which was the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on such date. The fair value of these stock options, as calculated pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was determined to be $7,499 ($0.1500 per share), which was charged to operations on the date of grant. Effective October 16, 2017, in connection with his continuing role as a consultant to the Company, Eric Forman was granted fully-vested stock options to purchase 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The stock options are exercisable for a period of five years from the date of grant at $0.15 per share, which was the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on such date. The fair value of these stock options, as calculated pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was determined to be $14,997 ($0.1500 per share), which was charged to operations on the date of grant. Effective October 16, 2017, in connection with her continuing role as a consultant to the Company, Jane Trigg was granted fully-vested stock options to purchase 20,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The stock options are exercisable for a period of five years from the date of grant at $0.15 per share, which was the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on such date. The fair value of these stock options, as calculated pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was determined to be $2,999 ($0.1500 per share), which was charged to operations on the date of grant. Total stock-based compensation expense was $70,695 and $287,159 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. A summary of stock option activity during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is presented in the tables below. Weighted Average Weighted Remaining Number Average Contractual of Exercise Life Shares Price (in Years) Stock options outstanding at December 31, 2015 7,950,000 $ 0.697 Granted 1,400,000 0.156 Exercised — — Expired (750,000 ) 0.993 Stock options outstanding at December 31, 2016 8,600,000 0.583 Granted 220,000 0.150 Exercised (150,000 ) 0.120 Expired (1,200,000 ) 0.796 Stock options outstanding at December 31, 2017 7,470,000 $ 0.545 1.90 Stock options exercisable at December 31, 2016 7,975,000 $ 0.501 Stock options exercisable at December 31, 2017 7,470,000 $ 0.545 1.90 There was no deferred compensation expense for the outstanding value of unvested stock options at December 31, 2017. The exercise prices of common stock options outstanding and exercisable are as follows at December 31, 2017: Options Options Exercise Outstanding Exercisable Prices (Shares) (Shares) $ 0.120 450,000 450,000 $ 0.130 100,000 100,000 $ 0.150 320,000 320,000 $ 0.160 200,000 200,000 $ 0.200 500,000 500,000 $ 0.250 500,000 500,000 $ 0.500 4,400,000 4,400,000 $ 1.000 500,000 500,000 $ 2.000 500,000 500,000 7,470,000 7,470,000 The intrinsic value of exercisable but unexercised in-the-money stock options at December 31, 2017 was approximately $28,600, based on a fair market value of $0.1650 per share on December 31, 2017. All outstanding options to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock were vested at December 31, 2017. The Company expects to satisfy such stock obligations through the issuance of authorized but unissued shares of common stock.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	6. Income Taxes Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 are summarized below. The calculations presented below at December 31, 2017 reflect the new U.S. federal statutory corporate tax rate of 21% effective January 1, 2018 (see Note 2). December 31, 2017 2016 Start-up and organization costs $ 19,000 $ 35,000 Research credits 316,000 261,000 Stock-based compensation 407,000 860,000 Net operating loss carryforwards 4,020,000 5,138,000 Total deferred tax assets 4,762,000 6,294,000 Valuation allowance (4,762,000 ) (6,294,000 ) Net deferred tax assets $ — $ — In assessing the potential realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the Company attaining future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, management was unable to determine if it is more likely than not that the Company’s deferred tax assets will be realized, and has therefore recorded an appropriate valuation allowance against deferred tax assets at such dates. No federal tax provision has been provided for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 due to the losses incurred during such periods. Reconciled below is the difference between the income tax rate computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory rate and the effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 U. S. federal statutory tax rate (35.0 )% (35.0 )% Expirations related to stock-based compensation 13.4 % 7.6 % Adjustment to deferred tax asset (1.0 )% 3.3 % Change in valuation allowance 22.6 % 24.1 % Effective tax rate 0.0 % 0.0 % At December 31, 2017, the Company has available net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $14,060,000 and $14,223,000, respectively, which, if not utilized earlier, expire through 2037.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	7. Commitments and Contingencies The Company may be subject to legal proceedings from time to time as part of its business. As of December 31, 2017, the Company was not subject to any pending or threatened legal actions or claims. Significant agreements and contracts are summarized as follows: Effective October 18, 2013, the Company entered into a Materials Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (M-CRADA) with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for a term of four years. The Surgical Neurology Branch of NINDS is conducting research characterizing a variety of compounds proprietary to the Company and is examining the potential of the compounds for anti-cancer activity, reducing neurological deficit due to ischemia and brain injury, and stabilizing catalytic function of misfolded proteins for inborn brain diseases. Under an M-CRADA, a party provides research material, in this case proprietary compounds from the Company’s pipeline, for study by scientists at NIH. The exchange of material is for research only and does not imply any endorsement of the material on the part of either party. Under the M-CRADA, the NIH grants a collaborator an exclusive option to elect an exclusive or non-exclusive commercialization license. On June 14, 2017, the Company executed Amendment No. 1 to the M-CRADA, pursuant to which the Company agreed to provide funding in the amount of $100,000 to the National Cancer Institute for use in acquiring technical, statistical and administrative support for research activities. The $100,000 amount is scheduled to be paid in two equal installments of $50,000, the first of which was paid, as scheduled, on July 9, 2017, and was charged to operations on such date. The second installment of $50,000 is scheduled to be paid on the June 14, 2018 anniversary date of the amendment and is being accreted ratably through such date. During the year ended December 31, 2017, $75,000 was charged to operations and is included in research and development costs with respect to Amendment No. 1. On December 24, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with NDA Consulting Corp. (“NDA”) for consultation and advice in the field of oncology research and drug development. As part of the agreement, NDA also agreed to cause its president, Dr. Daniel D. Von Hoff, M.D., to become a member of the Company’s Scientific Advisory Committee. The term of the agreement was for one year and provided for a quarterly cash fee of $4,000. In 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017, the agreement has been automatically renewed on its anniversary date for an additional one-year term. Consulting and advisory fees charged to operations pursuant to this agreement were $16,000 during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Effective September 14, 2015, the Company entered into a Collaboration Agreement with BioPharmaWorks, pursuant to which the Company engaged BioPharmaWorks to perform certain services for the Company. Those services include, among other things: (a) assisting the Company to (i) commercialize its products and strengthen its patent portfolio, (ii) identify large pharmaceutical companies with potential interest in the Company’s product pipeline, and (iii) prepare and deliver presentations concerning the Company’s products; (b) at the request of the Board of Directors, serving as backup management for up to three months should the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and scientific leader be temporarily unable to carry out his duties; (c) being available for consultation in drug discovery and development; and (d) identifying providers and overseeing tasks relating to clinical use and commercialization of new compounds. BioPharmaWorks was founded in 2015 by former Pfizer scientists with extensive multi-disciplinary research and development and drug development experience. The Collaboration Agreement was for an initial term of two years and automatically renews for subsequent annual periods unless terminated by a party not less than 60 days prior to the expiration of the applicable period. In connection with the Collaboration Agreement, the Company agreed to pay BioPharmaWorks a monthly fee of $10,000, subject to the right of the Company to pay a negotiated hourly rate in lieu of the monthly payment and agreed to issue to BioPharmaWorks certain equity-based compensation as described at Note 5. In November 2016, it was mutually agreed to suspend services and payments pursuant to this agreement, without extending the term of the agreement, for the period from November 1, 2016 through March 31, 2017. The agreement resumed as scheduled on April 1, 2017 and was automatically renewed for an additional one-year period on September 13, 2017. The Company recorded charges to operations pursuant to this Collaboration Agreement of $90,000 and $100,000 during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Summary of Principal Cash Obligations and Commitments The following table sets forth the Company’s principal cash obligations and commitments for the next five fiscal years as of December 31, 2017 aggregating $197,040, of which $60,740 is included in current liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2017. Payments Due by Year Total 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Research and development contracts $ 81,040 $ 81,040 $ — $ — $ — $ — Consulting agreements 116,000 116,000 — — — — Total $ 197,040 $ 197,040 $ — $ — $ — $ —

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	8. Subsequent Events The Company performed an evaluation of subsequent events through the date of filing of these consolidated financial statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission. There were no material subsequent events which affected, or could affect, the amounts or disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

Summary of Significant Accoun16

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include the financial statements of Holdings and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Lixte. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable in relation to the financial statements taken as a whole under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Management regularly evaluates the key factors and assumptions used to develop the estimates utilizing currently available information, changes in facts and circumstances, historical experience and reasonable assumptions. After such evaluations, if deemed appropriate, those estimates are adjusted accordingly. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include those related to assumptions used in accruals for potential liabilities, valuing equity instruments issued for services, and the realization of deferred tax assets.
Cash Concentrations	Cash Concentrations The Company maintains cash balances with financial institutions in federally-insured accounts. The Company may periodically have cash balances in banks in excess of FDIC insurance limits. The Company maintains its accounts with financial institutions with high credit ratings. The Company has not experienced any losses to date resulting from this practice.
Research and Development	Research and Development Research and development costs consist primarily of fees paid to consultants and outside service providers, and other expenses relating to the acquisition, design, development and testing of the Company’s compounds and product candidates. Research and development costs are expensed ratably over the life of the underlying contracts, unless the achievement of milestones, the completion of contracted work, or other information indicates that a different expensing schedule is more appropriate. Obligations incurred with respect to mandatory scheduled payments under research agreements without milestone provisions are recognized ratably over the appropriate period, as specified in the agreement, and are recorded as liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, with a corresponding charge to research and development costs in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The Company retained Theradex Systems, Inc. (“Theradex”), an international contract research organization (“CRO”) that provides professional services for the clinical research and development of pharmaceutical compounds, to be responsible for managing and administering the Company’s Phase 1 clinical trial of LB-100. The costs of the Phase 1 clinical trial of LB-100 that were paid through Theradex were recorded and expensed based upon the documentation provided by the CRO. Payments made pursuant to research and development contracts are initially recorded as advances on research and development contract services in the Company’s balance sheet and then charged to research and development costs in the Company’s statement of operations as those contract services are performed. Expenses incurred under research and development contracts in excess of amounts advanced are recorded as research and development contract liabilities in the Company’s balance sheet, with a corresponding charge to research and development costs in the Company’s statement of operations. The Company reviews the status of its research and development contracts on a quarterly basis.
Patent and Licensing Costs	Patent and Licensing Costs Due to the significant uncertainty associated with the successful development of one or more commercially viable products based on the Company’s research efforts and related patent applications, all patent-related legal and filing fees and licensing-related legal fees are expensed as incurred. Patent and licensing costs were $846,169 and $621,734 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Patent and licensing costs are included in general and administrative costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Accounting for Preferred Stock	Accounting for Preferred Stock The Company accounts for preferred stock as either equity or debt, depending on the specific characteristics of the security issued. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock issued by the Company in January 2016 and March 2015 has been classified in stockholders’ equity, as described at Note 3.
Concentration of Risk	Concentration of Risk The Company periodically contracts with directors, including companies controlled by or associated with directors, to provide consulting services related to the Company’s research and development and clinical trial activities. Agreements for these services can be for a specific time period (typically one year) or for a specific project or task and can include both cash and non-cash compensation. The only such contract that represents 10% or more of general and administrative or research and development costs is described below. On September 21, 2012, the Company entered into a work order agreement with Theradex, the CRO responsible for the clinical development of the Company’s lead anti-cancer compound LB-100, to manage and administer the Phase 1 clinical trial of LB-100. The Phase 1 clinical trial of LB-100, which began during April 2013 with the entry of patients into the clinical trial, was carried out by nationally recognized comprehensive cancer centers. The patient accrual goal was reached in April 2016 and the clinical trial was closed to further patient enrollment at that time. All patients completed treatment with LB-100 and were off study by the end of May 2016. The Company has continued to incur costs to complete the analysis of the clinical data, reconcile and pay the remaining costs owed to the participating clinical sites, and to prepare and submit the required Clinical Study Report to the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) on the completed Phase 1 clinical trial of LB-100, which process was substantially complete at December 31, 2017. Total costs charged to operations from 2013 through December 31, 2017 for services paid to or through Theradex for the Phase 1 clinical trial of LB-100 aggregated $2,233,248, with approximately 60% of such costs allocated for services provided by Theradex and approximately 40% for pass-through costs for clinical center laboratory costs and investigator costs over the life of the clinical trial. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred $105,698 and $427,429, respectively, of such clinical trial costs, representing approximately 23% and 49% of research and development costs for such periods. Costs pursuant to this agreement are included in research and development costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Accordingly, the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected impact of differences between the financial statements and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. The Company has elected to deduct research and development costs on a current basis for federal income tax purposes. For federal tax purposes, start-up and organization costs were deferred until January 1, 2008 at which time the Company began to amortize such costs over a 180-month period. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In the event the Company was to determine that it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of its recorded amount, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets would be credited to operations in the period such determination was made. Likewise, should the Company determine that it would not be able to realize all or part of its deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets would be charged to operations in the period such determination was made. The Company is subject to U.S. federal income taxes and income taxes of various state tax jurisdictions. As the Company’s net operating losses have yet to be utilized, all previous tax years remain open to examination by Federal authorities and other jurisdictions in which the Company currently operates or has operated in the past. The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and does not anticipate any material amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months. The Company accounts for uncertainties in income tax law under a comprehensive model for the financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns as prescribed by GAAP. The tax effects of a position are recognized only if it is “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the taxing authority as of the reporting date. If the tax position is not considered “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained, then no benefits of the position are recognized. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had not recorded any liability for uncertain tax positions. In subsequent periods, any interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions will be recognized as a component of income tax expense. On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed and enacted into law H.R. 1 (the “Tax Reform Law”). The Tax Reform Law, effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, except for certain provisions, resulted in significant changes to existing United States tax law, including various provisions that are expected to impact the Company. The Tax Reform Law reduces the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Company will continue to analyze the provisions of the Tax Reform Law to assess the impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation The Company periodically issues common stock and stock options to officers, directors, Scientific Advisory Committee members and consultants for services rendered. Options vest and expire according to terms established at the issuance date of each grant. The Company accounts for stock-based payments to officers and directors by measuring the cost of services received in exchange for equity awards based on the grant date fair value of the awards, with the cost recognized as compensation expense on the straight-line basis in the Company’s financial statements over the vesting period of the awards. The Company accounts for stock-based payments to Scientific Advisory Committee members and consultants by determining the value of the stock compensation based upon the measurement date at either (a) the date at which a performance commitment is reached or (b) at the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Stock grants, which are generally time vested, are measured at the grant date fair value and charged to operations ratably over the vesting period. Stock options granted to members of the Company’s Scientific Advisory Committee and to outside consultants are revalued each reporting period to determine the amount to be recorded as an expense in the respective period. As the stock options vest, they are valued on each vesting date and an adjustment is recorded for the difference between the value already recorded and the value on the date of vesting. The fair value of common stock issued as stock-based compensation is determined by reference to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of issuance. The fair value of stock options granted as stock-based compensation is determined utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and is affected by several variables, the most significant of which are the life of the equity award, the exercise price of the stock option as compared to the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date, and the estimated volatility of the common stock over the term of the equity award. Estimated volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The fair market value of common stock is determined by reference to the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock. The Company recognizes the fair value of stock-based compensation awards in general and administrative costs and in research and development costs, as appropriate, in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The Company issues new shares of common stock to satisfy stock option exercises.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue, if any, when all four of the following criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists; (ii) delivery of the products and/or services has occurred; (iii) the fees earned can be readily determined; and (iv) collectability of the fees is reasonably assured. The Company did not have any operating revenue through December 31, 2017, and does not expect to recognize any revenue during the year ending December 31, 2018.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components of comprehensive income or loss, including net income or loss, are reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income or loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) are reported net of any related tax effect to arrive at comprehensive income (loss). The Company did not have any items of comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share	Earnings (Loss) Per Share The Company’s computation of earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) includes basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as the income (loss) attributable to common stockholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS but presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of potential common shares (e.g., preferred shares, warrants and stock options) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential common shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS. Loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the respective periods. Basic and diluted loss per common share is the same for all periods presented because all preferred shares, warrants and stock options outstanding are anti-dilutive. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company excluded the outstanding securities summarized below, which entitle the holders thereof to acquire shares of common stock, from its calculation of earnings per share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. December 31, 2017 2016 Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 4,375,000 4,375,000 Common stock options 7,470,000 8,600,000 Total 11,845,000 12,975,000
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments The authoritative guidance with respect to fair value established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels and requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of three categories, as presented below. Disclosure as to transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 2, and activity in Level 3 fair value measurements, is also required. Level 1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for an identical asset or liability that the Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 1 inputs include active-exchange traded securities and exchange-based derivatives. Level 2. Inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, which are directly observable for the asset or liability or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 2 inputs include fixed income securities, non-exchange-based derivatives, mutual funds, and fair-value hedges. Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data for the asset or liability which requires the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 3 inputs include infrequently-traded non-exchange-based derivatives and commingled investment funds and are measured using present value pricing models. The Company determines the level in the fair value hierarchy within which each fair value measurement falls in its entirety, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. In determining the appropriate levels, the Company performs an analysis of the assets and liabilities at each reporting period end. The carrying value of financial instruments (consisting of cash and accounts payable and accrued expenses) is considered to be representative of their respective fair values due to the short-term nature of those instruments.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 will eliminate transaction- and industry-specific revenue recognition guidance under current GAAP and replace it with a principle based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09 will require that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract. ASU 2014-09 also will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. The FASB has recently issued ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-11, ASU 2016-12, and ASU 2016-20, all of which clarify certain implementation guidance within ASU 2014-09. ASU 2014-09 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Entities will be able to transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company will adopt the provisions of ASU 2014-09 in the quarter beginning January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures. In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months, as well as the disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 requires recognition in the statement of operations of a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. ASU 2016-02 requires classification of all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. Disclosures are required to provide the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-02 in the quarter beginning January 1, 2019. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures. In July 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features; (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 allows companies to exclude a down round feature when determining whether a financial instrument (or embedded conversion feature) is considered indexed to the entity’s own stock. As a result, financial instruments (or embedded conversion features) with down round features may no longer be required to be accounted for as derivative liabilities. A company will recognize the value of a down round feature only when it is triggered and the strike price has been adjusted downward. For equity-classified freestanding financial instruments, an entity will treat the value of the effect of the down round as a dividend and a reduction of income available to common shareholders in computing basic earnings per share. For convertible instruments with embedded conversion features containing down round provisions, entities will recognize the value of the down round as a beneficial conversion discount to be amortized to earnings. ASU 2017-11 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance in ASU 2017-11 can be applied using a full or modified retrospective approach. The adoption of ASU 2017-11 is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures. Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, authoritative guidance, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures.

Summary of Significant Accoun17

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Schedule of Anti-dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share	At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company excluded the outstanding securities summarized below, which entitle the holders thereof to acquire shares of common stock, from its calculation of earnings per share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. December 31, 2017 2016 Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 4,375,000 4,375,000 Common stock options 7,470,000 8,600,000 Total 11,845,000 12,975,000

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Schedule of Fair Value of Each Option Award Estimated Assumption	For stock options requiring an assessment of value during the year ended December 31, 2017, the fair value of each stock option award was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: Risk-free interest rate 1.18% to 2.47 % Expected dividend yield 0 % Expected volatility 308.51 to 332.63 % Expected life 1.5 to 5.0 years For stock options requiring an assessment of value during the year ended December 31, 2016, the fair value of each stock option award was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: Risk-free interest rate 0.60% to 1.93 % Expected dividend yield 0 % Expected volatility 196.75% to 226.44 % Expected life 2.0 to 5.0 years
Summary of Stock Option Activity	A summary of stock option activity during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is presented in the tables below. Weighted Average Weighted Remaining Number Average Contractual of Exercise Life Shares Price (in Years) Stock options outstanding at December 31, 2015 7,950,000 $ 0.697 Granted 1,400,000 0.156 Exercised — — Expired (750,000 ) 0.993 Stock options outstanding at December 31, 2016 8,600,000 0.583 Granted 220,000 0.150 Exercised (150,000 ) 0.120 Expired (1,200,000 ) 0.796 Stock options outstanding at December 31, 2017 7,470,000 $ 0.545 1.90 Stock options exercisable at December 31, 2016 7,975,000 $ 0.501 Stock options exercisable at December 31, 2017 7,470,000 $ 0.545 1.90
Schedule of Exercise Prices of Common Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable	The exercise prices of common stock options outstanding and exercisable are as follows at December 31, 2017: Options Options Exercise Outstanding Exercisable Prices (Shares) (Shares) $ 0.120 450,000 450,000 $ 0.130 100,000 100,000 $ 0.150 320,000 320,000 $ 0.160 200,000 200,000 $ 0.200 500,000 500,000 $ 0.250 500,000 500,000 $ 0.500 4,400,000 4,400,000 $ 1.000 500,000 500,000 $ 2.000 500,000 500,000 7,470,000 7,470,000

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets	The calculations presented below at December 31, 2017 reflect the new U.S. federal statutory corporate tax rate of 21% effective January 1, 2018 (see Note 2). December 31, 2017 2016 Start-up and organization costs $ 19,000 $ 35,000 Research credits 316,000 261,000 Stock-based compensation 407,000 860,000 Net operating loss carryforwards 4,020,000 5,138,000 Total deferred tax assets 4,762,000 6,294,000 Valuation allowance (4,762,000 ) (6,294,000 ) Net deferred tax assets $ — $ —
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate	Reconciled below is the difference between the income tax rate computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory rate and the effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 U. S. federal statutory tax rate (35.0 )% (35.0 )% Expirations related to stock-based compensation 13.4 % 7.6 % Adjustment to deferred tax asset (1.0 )% 3.3 % Change in valuation allowance 22.6 % 24.1 % Effective tax rate 0.0 % 0.0 %

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Principal Cash Obligations and Commitments	Payments Due by Year Total 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Research and development contracts $ 81,040 $ 81,040 $ — $ — $ — $ — Consulting agreements 116,000 116,000 — — — — Total $ 197,040 $ 197,040 $ — $ — $ — $ —

Organization and Basis of Pre21

Organization and Basis of Presentation (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash	$ 1,305,748	$ 199,929	$ 25,281
Patent-related legal costs reclassified	$ 846,169	$ 431,127

Summary of Significant Accoun22

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Dec. 22, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017
Patent and licensing costs		$ 846,169	$ 621,734
Minimum concentration of risk percent		10.00%
Deferred setup and organization costs, amortization period		180 months
Unrecognized tax benefits
Federal corporate tax rate		(35.00%)	(35.00%)
Tax Reform Law [Member]
Federal corporate tax rate	35.00%
January 1, 2018 [Member]
Federal corporate tax rate		21.00%
Theradex Systems, Inc [Member]
Total estimated clinical costs to be charged to operations				$ 2,233,248
Clinical costs charged to operations		$ 105,698	$ 427,429
Percentage of research and development costs		23.00%	49.00%
Theradex Systems, Inc [Member] | Phase 1 Clinical [Member]
Percentage of clinical trial service		60.00%
Percentage of clinical center laboratory cost		40.00%

Summary of Significant Accoun23

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Anti-dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	11,845,000	12,975,000
Common Stock Options [Member]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	7,470,000	8,600,000
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	4,375,000	4,375,000

Stockholders' Equity (Details N

Stockholders' Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Apr. 03, 2017	Mar. 17, 2017	Feb. 24, 2017	Jan. 21, 2016	Jan. 21, 2016	Mar. 17, 2015	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016	Jan. 28, 2016
Sale of stock during period, amount							$ 2,500,000
Securities Purchase Agreement [Member]
Percentage of issued and outstanding shares of common stock held by preferred stock buyer						10.60%
Common stock closing price per share	$ 0.25		$ 0.25	$ 0.22		$ 0.25
Licensing revenues								$ 200,000
Dividends preferred stock issued and outstanding								$ 2,000
Preferred shares converted to common stock conversion rate		12.5
Gross proceeds need to trigger mandatory conversion of Series A Preferred		$ 21,875,000
Preferred stock convertible into common stock							4,375,000
Preferred stock, per share redemption price		$ 50
Number of common stock purchase	6,000,000		4,000,000
Common stock purchase price	$ 1,500,000		$ 1,000,000
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, shares authorized							10,000,000		10,000,000
Preferred stock, par value							$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Number of designated preferred stock, shares							175,000
Number of share tranche of the series a convertible preferred stock receive a per share dividend							175,000
Annual net revenue divided by converted or redeemed shares							175,000
Percentage of dividend from annual revenue							1.00%
Equity issuance price per share				0.80	$ 0.80	$ 0.80
Preferred stock, per share redemption price							$ 50		$ 50
Preferred stock, shares outstanding							350,000		350,000
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Securities Purchase Agreement [Member]
Sale of stock during period						175,000
Equity issuance price per share				$ 10	$ 10	$ 10
Sale of stock during period, amount					$ 1,750,000	$ 1,750,000
Sale of preferred stock during period					175,000
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Preferred stock, shares authorized										175,000
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Preferred stock, shares authorized										350,000
Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, shares authorized							10,000,000
Preferred stock, par value							$ 0.0001
Undesignated preferred stock, shares							9,650,000

Related Party Transactions (Det

Related Party Transactions (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Jan. 28, 2014	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2014	Jan. 28, 2015
Consulting and advisory fees			$ 25,000
Eric Forman [Member]
Legal and consulting fees charged to operations for services rendered by eric foreman		$ 48,000	48,000
Dr. Kathleen P. Mullinix [Member]
Annual cash compensation				$ 25,000
Dr. Kovach [Member]
Salaries paid		$ 60,000	60,000
Percentage of devoting business activities		100.00%
Mr. Schwartzberg [Member] | Consulting Agreement [Member]
Stock options granted to purchase common stock	4,000,000
Options exercisable period	5 years
Options, exercisable price per share	$ 0.50
Options vest	2,000,000				2,000,000
Directors and Officers Affiliates and Related Parties[Member]
Stock-based compensation expense		$ 35,676	$ 109,264

Stock-Based Compensation (Detai

Stock-Based Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($)

Oct. 16, 2017

Sep. 14, 2017

Jul. 06, 2017

May 13, 2017

Nov. 22, 2016

Sep. 14, 2016

Sep. 12, 2016

Jun. 07, 2016

May 13, 2016

Apr. 25, 2016

Nov. 28, 2015

Sep. 14, 2015

Dec. 24, 2013

Jun. 20, 2007

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

Jun. 24, 2017

Nov. 28, 2016

Jun. 24, 2016

Jun. 24, 2015

Jun. 24, 2014

Fair market value, per share

$ 0.1650

Fair value of warrants

$ 34,016

Stock options exercised value

$ 18,000

Stock based compensation

70,695

287,159

Total deferred compensation expense for outstanding value of unvested stock options

Intrinsic value of exercisable but unexercised in-the-money stock options

28,600

Advisory Agreement With Dr. Fritz Henn [Member]

Stock options granted to purchase common stock

200,000

Options vest

100,000

100,000

Options exercisable period

5 years

Options, exercisable price per share

$ 0.50

Stock options fully vested amount

$ 51,680

Stock price per share

$ 0.5168

Charges to operations

16,324

Fair value of stock options

$ 103,360

Dr. Kathleen P. Mullinix [Member] | Board of Directors [Member]

Options vest

150,000

Stock options fully vested amount

$ 17,535

Stock price per share

$ 0.1169

Stock options are exercisable price per share

$ 0.12

Stock option vested exercisable term

5 years

Acquiring common stock options

150,000

Stock options exercised value

$ 18,000

Dr. Philip F. Palmedo [Member]

Options vest

50,000

Stock options fully vested amount

$ 7,499

Stock price per share

$ 0.1500

Stock options are exercisable price per share

$ 0.15

Stock option vested exercisable term

5 years

Dr. Philip F. Palmedo [Member] | Board of Directors [Member]

Options vest

450,000

Stock options fully vested amount

$ 52,604

Stock price per share

$ 0.1169

Stock options are exercisable price per share

$ 0.12

Stock option vested exercisable term

5 years

Dr. Stephen J. Forman [Member]

Options vest

50,000

Stock options fully vested amount

$ 7,499

Stock price per share

$ 0.1500

Stock options are exercisable price per share

$ 0.15

Stock option vested exercisable term

5 years

Dr. Stephen J. Forman [Member] | Director [Member]

Options vest

200,000

Stock options fully vested amount

$ 15,590

Stock price per share

$ 0.1559

Charges to operations

5,681

25,500

Number of fully vested option issued

100,000

100,000

Fair value of stock options

$ 31,180

Stock options are exercisable price per share

$ 0.16

Stock option vested exercisable term

5 years

Eric Forman [Member]

Options vest

100,000

100,000

Stock options fully vested amount

$ 14,997

$ 13,625

Stock price per share

$ 0.1500

$ 0.1363

Stock options are exercisable price per share

$ 0.15

$ 0.15

Stock option vested exercisable term

5 years

5 years

Common stock granted price per share

$ 0.14

Francis Johnson [Member]

Options vest

500,000

Stock options fully vested amount

$ 98,901

Stock price per share

$ 0.1978

Stock options are exercisable price per share

$ 0.25

Stock option vested exercisable term

5 years

Common stock granted price per share

$ 0.25

Jane Trigg [Member]

Options vest

20,000

Stock options fully vested amount

$ 2,999

Stock price per share

$ 0.1500

Stock options are exercisable price per share

$ 0.15

Stock option vested exercisable term

5 years

Collaboration Agreement Bio PharmaWorks LLC [Member]

Charges to operations

29,528

70,155

NDA Agreement [Member]

Stock options granted to purchase common stock

100,000

Options vest

25,000

25,000

25,000

25,000

Options exercisable period

5 years

Options, exercisable price per share

$ 0.13

Stock options fully vested amount

$ 12,960

Stock price per share

$ 0.13

Charges to operations

$ 2,492

$ (7,485)

2007 Stock Compensation Plan [Member]

Number of restricted stock issued

2,500,000

Stock options granted to purchase common stock

1,350,000

Collaboration Agreement Bio PharmaWorks LLC [Member]

Stock options granted to purchase common stock

1,000,000

Options exercisable period

5 years

Options, exercisable price per share

$ 0.26

Stock options fully vested amount

$ 260,000

Number of fully vested option issued

1,000,000

Issuance of warrants to purchase of common stock

500,000

Collaboration Agreement Bio PharmaWorks LLC [Member] | First Warrant [Member]

Options exercisable period

5 years

Stock price per share

$ 0.2568

Fair market value, per share

$ 1

Fair value of warrants

$ 128,400

Collaboration Agreement Bio PharmaWorks LLC [Member] | Second Warrant [Member]

Options exercisable period

5 years

Stock price per share

$ 0.2557

Fair market value, per share

$ 2

Fair value of warrants

$ 127,850

Stock-Based Compensation - Sche

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Fair Value of Each Option Award Estimated Assumption (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	1.18%	0.60%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	2.47%	1.93%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum [Member]
Expected volatility	308.51%	196.75%
Expected life	1 year 6 months	2 years
Maximum [Member]
Expected volatility	332.63%	226.44%
Expected life	5 years	5 years

Stock-Based Compensation - Summ

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details) - Employee Stock Option [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Number of shares, options outstanding, at the beginning	8,600,000	7,950,000
Number of shares, Granted	220,000	1,400,000
Number of shares, Exercised	(150,000)
Number of shares, Expired	(1,200,000)	(750,000)
Number of shares, options outstanding, at the end	7,470,000	8,600,000
Number of shares, options exercisable, at the beginning	7,975,000
Number of shares, options exercisable, at the end	7,470,000	7,975,000
Weighted Average Exercise Price, options outstanding, at the beginning	$ 0.583	$ 0.697
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted	0.150	0.156
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised	0.120
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Expired	0.796	0.993
Weighted Average Exercise Price, options outstanding, at the end	0.545	0.583
Weighted Average Exercise Price, options exercisable, at the beginning	0.501
Weighted Average Exercise Price, options exercisable, at the end	$ 0.545	$ 0.501
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years), options outstanding	1 year 10 months 25 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years), options exercisable	1 year 10 months 25 days

Stock-Based Compensation - Sc29

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Exercise Prices of Common Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable (Details)	Dec. 31, 2017$ / sharesshares
Options Outstanding (Shares)	7,470,000
Options Exercisable (Shares)	7,470,000
Exercise Price One [Member]
Exercise Prices | $ / shares	$ 0.120
Options Outstanding (Shares)	450,000
Options Exercisable (Shares)	450,000
Exercise Price Two [Member]
Exercise Prices | $ / shares	$ 0.130
Options Outstanding (Shares)	100,000
Options Exercisable (Shares)	100,000
Exercise Price Three [Member]
Exercise Prices | $ / shares	$ 0.150
Options Outstanding (Shares)	320,000
Options Exercisable (Shares)	320,000
Exercise Price Four [Member]
Exercise Prices | $ / shares	$ 0.160
Options Outstanding (Shares)	200,000
Options Exercisable (Shares)	200,000
Exercise Price Five [Member]
Exercise Prices | $ / shares	$ 0.200
Options Outstanding (Shares)	500,000
Options Exercisable (Shares)	500,000
Exercise Price Six [Member]
Exercise Prices | $ / shares	$ 0.250
Options Outstanding (Shares)	500,000
Options Exercisable (Shares)	500,000
Exercise Price Seven [Member]
Exercise Prices | $ / shares	$ 0.500
Options Outstanding (Shares)	4,400,000
Options Exercisable (Shares)	4,400,000
Exercise Price Eight [Member]
Exercise Prices | $ / shares	$ 1
Options Outstanding (Shares)	500,000
Options Exercisable (Shares)	500,000
Exercise Price Nine [Member]
Exercise Prices | $ / shares	$ 2
Options Outstanding (Shares)	500,000
Options Exercisable (Shares)	500,000

Income Taxes (Details Narrative

Income Taxes (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Federal statutory corporate tax rate	(35.00%)	(35.00%)
Operating loss carryforwards amount federal	$ 14,060,000
Operating loss carryforwards amount state	$ 14,223,000
Operating loss carryforwards, expiration date	expire through 2037
January 1, 2018 [Member]
Federal statutory corporate tax rate	21.00%

Income Taxes - Schedule of Comp

Income Taxes - Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Start-up and organization costs	$ 19,000	$ 35,000
Research credits	316,000	261,000
Stock-based compensation	407,000	860,000
Net operating loss carryforwards	4,020,000	5,138,000
Total deferred tax assets	4,762,000	6,294,000
Valuation allowance	(4,762,000)	(6,294,000)
Net deferred tax assets

Income Taxes - Schedule of Effe

Income Taxes - Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U. S. federal statutory tax rate	(35.00%)	(35.00%)
Expirations related to stock-based compensation	13.40%	7.60%
Adjustment to deferred tax asset	(1.00%)	3.30%
Change in valuation allowance	22.60%	24.10%
Effective tax rate	0.00%	0.00%

Commitments and Contingencies33

Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Jun. 14, 2017	Sep. 14, 2015	Dec. 24, 2013	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Research and development costs				$ 467,258	$ 870,006
Consulting and advisory fees					25,000
Aggregate principal cash obligation and commitments amount				197,040
Principal cash obligations and commitments included in current liabilities				60,740
Collaboration Agreement Bio PharmaWorks LLC [Member]
Consulting and advisory fees		$ 10,000		90,000	100,000
NDA Consulting Corp [Member]
Consulting and advisory fees			$ 4,000	16,000	$ 16,000
Materials Cooperative Research and Development Agreement [Member]
Funds provide for use in acquiring technical, statistical and administrative support for research activities	$ 100,000
Payment of funds in equal monthly installment				50,000
Research and development costs				75,000
Materials Cooperative Research and Development Agreement [Member] | June 14, 2018 [Member]
Payment of funds in equal monthly installment				$ 50,000

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Principal Cash Obligations and Commitments (Details)	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Research and development contracts	$ 81,040
Consulting agreements	116,000
Total	197,040
Payments Due By 2018 [Member]
Research and development contracts	81,040
Consulting agreements	116,000
Total	197,040
Payments Due By 2019 [Member]
Research and development contracts
Consulting agreements
Total
Payments Due By 2020 [Member]
Research and development contracts
Consulting agreements
Total
Payments Due By 2021 [Member]
Research and development contracts
Consulting agreements
Total
Payments Due By 2022 [Member]
Research and development contracts
Consulting agreements
Total