Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company invests in a variety of financial instruments and, by its policy, limits the amount of credit exposure with any one issuer, industry or geographic area. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are concentrated in the pharmaceutical industry and government sector. Accordingly, the Company may be exposed to credit risk generally associated with pharmaceutical companies and government funded entities. The Company has not historically experienced any significant losses due to concentration of credit risk. Accounts receivable consists of the following (in thousands): March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Vifor (International) Ltd., and/or its affiliates, or collectively, Vifor $ 167 $ 2,058 Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive common stock equivalent shares outstanding for the period. The Company’s potentially dilutive common stock equivalent shares, which include incremental common shares issuable upon (i) the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants, (ii) vesting of restricted stock units (RSUs) and restricted stock awards (RSAs), and (iii) the purchase from contributions to the 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the ESPP), (calculated based on the treasury stock method), are only included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share when their effect is dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the following potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share due to their anti-dilutive effect: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Options to purchase common stock, including purchases from contributions to ESPP 11,073,806 11,824,877 Restricted stock units 374,352 459,682 Restricted stock awards 27,278 85,431 Warrants to purchase common stock 150,000 150,000 11,625,436 12,519,990 Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss comprises net loss and other comprehensive loss. For the periods presented, other comprehensive loss consists of unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s available-for-sale securities. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net loss for unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities were not significant, and were recorded as part of other income, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, there were no sales of investments and therefore there were no reclassifications. Leases The Company determines if an arrangement includes a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets, accrued and other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company uses the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise any such options. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has elected not to apply the recognition requirements for short-term leases. For lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, the Company generally accounts for them separately. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new standard requires the Company to recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases on the balance sheet and disclose qualitative and quantitative information about its leasing arrangements. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted this new standard using the modified retrospective approach in accordance with Leases – Targeted Improvements (ASU No. 2018-11). The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within ASU No. 2018-11, which among other things, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification of those leases in place as of January 1, 2019. Results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are presented under Topic 842. Prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historical accounting under previous lease guidance, ASC Topic 840, Leases (Topic 840). The impact of the adoption of Topic 842 on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2019 was as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2018 Adjustments Due to the Adoption of Topic 842 January 1, 2019 Balance Sheet Assets: Operating lease right-of-use assets $ — $ 1,301 $ 1,301 Liabilities: Operating lease liabilities: Accrued and other current liabilities (1) 12,969 955 13,924 Other non-current liabilities (2) 387 346 733 (1) Includes deferred rent and current portion of operating lease liabilities (2) Includes deferred rent and non-current portion of operating lease liabilities In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The new standard replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology under the current standard with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The Company will be required to use a forward-looking expected credit loss model for accounts receivables and other financial instruments. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will also be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. The new standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted on January 1, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on its financial statements and does not expect the adoption of this accounting guidance to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The new standard simplifies the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees by aligning it with the accounting for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2019. The adoption of this accounting guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. The Company has reviewed other recent accounting pronouncements and concluded they are either not applicable to the business or that no material effect is expected on the consolidated financial statements as a result of future adoption. In August 2018, the SEC adopted amendments to certain disclosure requirements in Securities Act Release No. 33-10532, Form 10-Q. The analysis, which can be presented as a footnote or separate statement, is required for the current and comparative quarter and year-to-date interim periods. March 31, 2019. The adoption of these SEC amendments did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows or stockholders’ equity. |