Stock Incentive Plan | 9. STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN The Company has three equity incentive plans. One was adopted in 2004 (2004 Plan) and provided for the granting of stock options and restricted stock awards and generally prescribed a contractual term of seven years. The 2004 Plan terminated in August 2010. However, grants made under the 2004 Plan are still governed by that plan. As of September 30, 2017, options to purchase 23,954 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $3.24 per share remained outstanding under the 2004 Plan. The Company approved the 2010 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan (2010 Plan) in September 2010 to replace the 2004 Plan. The 2010 Plan provided for the granting of stock options and restricted stock awards. The 2010 Plan terminated in May 2014 upon the initial public offering (Initial Public Offering). However, grants made under the 2010 Plan are still governed by that plan. As of September 30, 2017, options to purchase 413,130 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $1.58 per share remained outstanding under the 2010 Plan. The Company approved the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (2013 Plan) in October 2013. The 2013 Plan became effective immediately on adoption although no awards were to be made under it until the effective date of the Registration Statement for the Initial Public Offering. The 2013 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, stock units, and performance cash awards to certain employees, members of the board of directors and consultants of the Company. As of September 30, 2017, the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance in connection with the 2013 Plan was 2,761,293. On January 1 of each year the aggregate number of common shares that may be issued under the 2013 Plan shall automatically increase by such a number of shares equal to the least of (a) 7% of the total number of common shares outstanding on the last calendar day of the prior fiscal year, (b) subject to adjustment for certain corporate transactions, 1,000,000 common shares, or (c) a number of common shares determined by the Company’s board of directors. As of September 30, 2017, options to purchase 1,799,773 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $5.64 per share and restricted stock units representing 157,128 shares of common stock remained outstanding under the 2013 Plan. As of September 30, 2017, there were 789,856 shares of common stock available for grant under the 2013 Plan. Terms of stock award agreements, including vesting requirements, are determined by the Company’s board of directors or its compensation committee, subject to the provisions of the respective plan they were granted. Awards granted by the Company typically vest over a four year period. Certain of the awards are subject to acceleration of vesting in the event of certain change of control transactions and certain terminations of service. The awards may be granted for a term of up to ten years from the date of grant. The exercise price for options granted under the 2013 Plan must be at a price no less than 100% of the fair market value of a common share on the date of grant. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period. The Company’s share-based awards are accounted for as equity instruments. The amounts included in the consolidated statements of operations relating to stock-based compensation are as follows: Three Months ended September 30, Nine Months ended September 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Research and development expenses $ 224,341 $ 475,026 $ 691,747 $ 972,237 General and administrative expenses 434,998 401,999 1,430,922 1,187,477 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 659,339 $ 877,025 $ 2,122,669 $ 2,159,714 Stock Options The table below summarizes activity relating to stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2017: Number of Weighted Weighted Aggregate (a) Outstanding at December 31, 2016 1,498,585 $ 4.63 7.86 $ 2,186,398 Granted 889,337 5.12 Cancelled/Forfeited (151,065 ) 4.02 Exercised — — Outstanding at September 30, 2017 2,236,857 $ 4.87 8.05 $ 5,438,617 Exercisable at September 30, 2017 1,072,576 $ 4.37 7.00 $ 3,205,195 (a) The aggregate intrinsic value in this table was calculated on the positive difference, if any, between the closing market price per share of the Company’s common stock on September 30, 2017 of $7.20 and the price of the underlying options. As of September 30, 2017, unamortized stock-based compensation for all stock options was $4,206,251 and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.61 years. Restricted Stock Units Restricted stock units are not included in issued and outstanding common stock until the underlying shares are vested and released. The table below summarizes activity relating to restricted stock units for the nine months ended September 30, 2017: Number of Outstanding at December 31, 2016 27,096 Granted 136,806 Earned/released (6,774 ) Outstanding at September 30, 2017 157,128 Weighted average remaining recognition period of outstanding restricted stock units 3.30 Unearned stock-based compensation expense of outstanding restricted stock units $ 700,588 Aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding restricted stock units (a) $ 1,131,322 (a) The aggregate intrinsic value in this table was calculated on the positive difference, if any, between the closing market price per share of the Company’s common stock on September 30, 2017 of $7.20 and the price of the underlying restricted stock unit. The aggregate intrinsic value of restricted stock units vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $27,943. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of restricted stock units granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $5.10 per share. Employee Stock Purchase Plan Our 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (2016 ESPP) authorizes the issuance of up to a total of 223,263 shares of the Company’s common stock in semi-annual offerings to participating employees at a price equal to the lower of 85% of the closing price on the applicable offering commencement date or 85% of the closing price on the applicable offering termination date. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2016 ESPP automatically increases on the first business day of each fiscal year by a number equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of the shares of common stock outstanding on the last business day of the prior fiscal year; or (ii) the number of shares determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. Stock-based compensation expense for the 2016 ESPP is recognized for the benefit accorded to the participating employees. At September 30, 2017, we have reserved 211,741 shares for future issuance under the 2016 ESPP. A summary of the weighted-average grant-date fair value, shares issued and total stock-based compensation expense recognized related to the 2016 ESPP as of September 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows: 2017 2016 Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share $ 0.70 $ — Total shares issued 11,522 — Total stock-based compensation expense $ 8,037 $ — |