UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
Commission File Number 000-52590
PAXTON ENERGY, INC. |
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) |
| |
Nevada | 20-5081381 |
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer |
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) |
| |
2533 North Carson Street, Suite 6232 Carson City, NV | 89706 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
|
775-841-5049 |
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |
| |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: |
Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered |
N/A | N/A |
|
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: |
Common Stock, Par Value $0.001 |
(Title of Class) |
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, indefinitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o |
Non-accelerated filer o | Smaller reporting company x |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x
State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. As of June 30, 2008, the aggregate market value of the voting and nonvoting common equity held by nonaffiliates of the issuer was $2,332,779.
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. As of December 31, 2008, the issuer had 23,586,139 shares of issued and outstanding common stock, par value $0.001.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE. None.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item | | | Page |
| | Part I | |
-- | | Special Note on Forward-Looking Statements | 2 |
1 | | Business | 3 |
1A | | Risk Factors | 12 |
1B | | Unresolved Staff Comments | 19 |
2 | | Properties | 19 |
3 | | Legal Proceedings | 19 |
4 | | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | 19 |
| | | |
| | Part II | |
5 | | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | |
6 | | Selected Financial Data | 21 |
7 | | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results Of Operation | |
7A | | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 27 |
8 | | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 27 |
9 | | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | |
9A(T) | | Controls and Procedures | 27 |
9B | | Other Information | 28 |
| | | |
| | Part III | |
10 | | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 29 |
11 | | Executive Compensation | 31 |
12 | | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | |
13 | | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 34 |
14 | | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 34 |
| | | |
| | Part IV | |
15 | | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules | 36 |
-- | | Signatures | 39 |
-- | | Index to Financial Statements | F-1 |
-- | | Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | F-2 |
SPECIAL NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains statements about the future, sometimes referred to as “forward-looking” statements. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the use of the words “believe,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “propose,” “plan,” “intend,” and similar words and expressions. Statements that describe our future strategic plans, goals, or objectives are also forward-looking statements. We intend that the forward-looking statements will be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Readers of this report are cautioned that any forward-looking statements, including those regarding us or our management’s current beliefs, expectations, anticipations, estimations, projections, strategies, proposals, plans, or intentions, are not guarantees of future performance or results of events and involve risks and uncertainties, such as:
| · | whether we will be able to discover and produce oil or gas in commercial quantities from any exploration prospect; |
| · | whether the quantities of oil or gas we discover will be as large as our initial estimate of an exploration target area’s gross unrisked potential; |
| · | whether actual exploration risks will be consistent with our forecasts; |
| · | future drilling and other exploration schedules and sequences for wells and other activities; |
| · | the future results of drilling individual wells and other exploration and development activities; |
| · | future variations in well performance as compared to initial test data; |
| · | the ability to economically develop and market discovered reserves; |
| · | the prices at which we may be able to sell oil or gas; |
| · | uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved reserves and actual production rates and associated costs; |
| · | future events that may result in the need for additional capital; |
| · | the cost and availability of additional capital that we may require and possible related restrictions on our future operating or financing flexibility; |
| · | our future ability to attract industry or financial participants to share the costs of exploration, exploitation, development, and acquisition activities; |
| · | future plans and the financial and technical resources of industry or financial participants; |
| · | other factors that are not listed above. |
The forward-looking information is based on present circumstances and on our predictions respecting events that have not occurred, that may not occur, or that may occur with different consequences from those now assumed or anticipated. Actual events or results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included in this report are made only as of the date of this report.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Nature of Business
Paxton Energy, Inc., is a small oil and gas exploration and production company with a minority working interest in limited production and drilling prospects in the Cooke Ranch area of La Salle County, Texas, and Jefferson County, Texas, all operated by Bayshore Exploration L.L.C.
We have working interests ranging from 3.97% to 31.75% (net revenue interests ranging from 3% to 23.8125%) in the various wells in which we have participated. A “working interest” is a percentage of ownership in an oil and gas lease granting its owner the right to explore, drill, and produce oil and gas from a tract of property. Working interest owners are obligated to pay a corresponding percentage of the cost of leasing, drilling, producing, and operating a well or unit. After royalties are paid, the working interest also entitles its owner to share in production revenues with other working interest owners based on the percentage of working interest owned. A “net revenue interest” is a share of production after all burdens, such as royalties, have been deducted from the working interest. It is the percentage of production that each party actually receives.
Organization
We were incorporated in Nevada on June 30, 2004. At that time, we issued to our founder 10,000,000 shares of common stock (after giving effect to the immediate cancellation of 41,000,000 shares) and 5,000,000 shares to another stockholder for cash. On August 25, 2004, a group of investors obtained the controlling interest in our company by purchasing 14,650,000 of the 15,000,000 shares then issued and outstanding, the initial officer and director resigned, and on that date, Robert Freiheit, our current president and a director, who purchased 7,500,000 of the outstanding shares transferred, was appointed as sole director and president.
In mid-2005, we initiated oil and gas exploration activities by acquiring for cash and common stock a working interest in the Cooke No. 3 test well to be drilled on the Cooke Ranch in La Salle County, Texas. We have subsequently expanded our La Salle County, Texas working interests.
Business
We are a small oil and gas exploration company participating with minority working interests in oil and gas drilling in the Cooke Ranch field and another area in La Salle County, Texas, all operated by Bayshore.
We have working interests ranging from 3.97% to 31.75% (net revenue interests ranging from 3% to 23.8125%) in the various wells in which we have participated. During 2008, we participated in the completion of the Cartwright No. 3 well and the re-completion of the Cooke No. 3 well. In the third quarter of 2008, the Cartwright No. 3 well was placed into production through a farm-out arrangement with Corrizo Exploration, Inc. The Cartwright No. 3 well is currently producing. As of March 31, 2008, the Cooke No. 3 well had been re-completed and was producing before subsequent mechanical problems that forced us to shut-in the Cooke No. 3 well in April 2008. The Cooke No. 3 well was put back into production in early March 2009 and is currently producing. The Cooke No. 5 well was shut-in in September 2008 due to production at non-economic levels and is scheduled to be plugged and abandoned. Production from the Cooke No. 2 well decreased significantly in the second half of 2008, and we are currently planning paraffin treatments and/or other procedures to enhance production. The Fiedler No. 1 well had no production in the first half of 2008 and was shut-in in July 2008, and was sold for salvage value in December 2008. The Cooke No. 6 well is currently producing. As of April 15, 2009, we had an aggregate of 0.5 net producing wells with aggregate net production of approximately 440 thousand cubic feet, or Mcf, of gas and 180 barrels of oil per month.
We are dependent on Bayshore, the operator of all of the properties in which we have a working interest, to increase production and establish reserves. We have issued an aggregate of 907,000 shares of common stock to Bayshore or its principal, Jamin Swantner, as partial consideration for various exploration rights, along with 100,000 shares for advisory services, so that together with an additional 50,000 shares they have acquired privately, they are now the owners of approximately 3.2% of our issued and outstanding stock. From our inception through December 31, 2008, we have paid Bayshore or incurred $176,800 as additional consideration for exploration rights, $81,023 for seismic studies, $2,678,339 for well drilling and completion costs, and $326,463 to acquire additional exploration rights and leasehold near the Cooke Ranch.
We may diversify our opportunities and risk by seeking working interests in other prospects, relying on the experience and expertise of other operators, rather than building an internal exploration capability. We will need to obtain additional funding to carry out such activities.
Business Strategy
The execution of any strategy for the future benefit of the company will require additional funds which we do not currently possess. If we are able to raise such necessary additional funds, our strategy will be to expand our additional working interest holdings in the area surrounding the Cooke Ranch in an effort to increase our production and cash flow and build reserves through exploration and development drilling. The principal components of our business strategy are:
| · | Rely on the Exploration Expertise of Others. We will continue to rely on the technical expertise and experience of the operator of the properties in which we have an interest, consultants, and others in order to reduce our ongoing general and administrative expenses. |
| · | Focus on the Cooke Ranch Area. We believe we can best use our limited financial and other resources by continuing to focus on the Cooke Ranch area in La Salle County, Texas, where the operator of the properties in which we have an interest and other service firms and consultants with which we have worked have experience and expertise. |
| · | Balance Our Opportunities. While we intend to continue to focus on the Cooke Ranch area for our core operations in the near term, we intend to diversify and balance our exploration opportunities and our risk profile by seeking additional exploration or development opportunities in other areas in which we might be able to team with operators having experience and expertise. |
Previous Exploration on the Cooke Ranch
In 1959, Pan American Petroleum Company established production from the Edwards formation at approximately 10,300 to 10,900 feet on oil and gas leases on the 8,883-gross-acre Cooke Ranch. These wells are still producing. Beginning in 1983, Bayshore became involved with the Cooke Ranch leases and drilled, completed, and produced over 25 wells located in the Edwards and Wilcox formations at 10,300-10,900 and 4,100-5,500 feet, respectively, and in 2004, in the Olmos formation at approximately 7,900 feet. Bayshore is owned and managed by Jamin Swantner, an independent petroleum geologist with over 26 years of experience in evaluating, developing, drilling, and producing oil and gas prospects along the Texas and Louisiana gulf coast for Bayshore and Jamin Energy, Inc.
Recent Activities
Cooke No. 3 Well
As a result of agreements reached in 2005 and 2006, we have retained a 9% working interest (6.8875% net revenue interest) in the Cooke No. 3 well, and an 11.75% working interest (8.8125% net revenue interest) in the balance of the 8,843-acre Cooke Ranch leases outside the Cooke No. 3 well and 40-acre drilling site.
In an effort to increase production from deeper reservoirs, in February 2008, we began operations to test the Cooke No. 3 well in the Pearsall formation at approximately 13,100 feet. During the original drilling of this well in 2005, drilling encountered over 600 feet of Pearsall formation, which the operators believed warranted a further test. Due to re-entry difficulties encountered during those operations, however, we decided to re-complete the well in the Escondido formation and review our options to test the Pearsall formation at 1300 feet at a later date. As of March 31, 2008, the Cooke No. 3 well had been re-completed and was producing intermittently from a depth of approximately 6700 feet in the Escondido formation. The Cooke No. 3 well produced intermittently at that depth in the Escondido from March 2008 to April 2008. In April 2008, the Cooke No. 3 well was shut-in due to mechanical issues related to a packer in the well and a pump at the surface. In early March 2009, we put the Cooke No. 3 back into production. Since early March 2009, the Cooke No. 3 has produced at average rates of 850 gross barrels of oil per month and 3,100 gross Mcf per month.
Cooke No. 5 Well
The Cooke No. 5 well, located approximately 1,200 feet northwest of the Cooke No. 3 initial well, reached a total depth of 6,850 feet on September 3, 2006. Bayshore completed this well for production in an approximately 200-foot section in the Escondido formation below a depth of approximately 6,650 feet and in November 2006 initiated production as it completes the installation of a tank battery and gas-gathering system and pipeline connection. We hold a 31.75% working interest (23.8125% net revenue interest) in the Cooke No. 5 well. In 2008, production from the Cooke No. 5 well was at average rates of 360 gross barrels of oil per month and 600 gross Mcf of gas per month. In September 2008, production from the Cooke No. 5 well was determined to be non-economic and the well was shut in. We currently plan to plug and abandon the Cooke No. 5 well unless a salvage buyer can be found.
Cooke No. 2 Well
On October 12, 2006, we reached an agreement with Bayshore to bear 25% of the actual costs of re-completing the Cooke No. 2 well on the Cooke Ranch, estimated at approximately $500,000 for 100% of the working interest, in order to acquire a 25% working interest (17.5% net revenue interest) in the well and related 160 gross-acre drilling site. Bayshore re-completed the well in an approximately 45-foot section at a depth of approximately 6,400-6,445 feet in the Escondido formation and in November 2006 initiated production as it completed the installation of a tank battery and construction of gas-gathering system and an approximately 4,000-foot pipeline connection. We re-entered and re-completed the Cooke No. 2 well in August 2007 and re-established production from that well in October 2007. As of the first quarter of 2009, the Cooke No. 2 well was producing oil at a rate of 150-180 gross barrels per month and 150 gross Mcf per month. During the first six months of 2008, this well produced oil at an average rate of 750 gross barrels per month and gas at an average rate of 3,750 gross Mcf per month. During the last six months of 2008, the Cooke No. 2 well produced oil at an average rate of 180 gross barrels per month with negligible gas production. We are currently planning paraffin treatments and other procedures to enhance production from the Cooke No. 2 well.
Fiedler No. 1 Well
In July 2008, the Fiedler No. 1 well was shut-in. In December 2008, the Fiedler No. 1 well was sold for salvage value. We held an 18.75% working interest (14.0625% net revenue interest) in the Fiedler No. 1 well, and the Company’s portion of the sale proceeds was $16,406 and was applied against the Company’s liability to Bayshore. Prior to the Company’s sale of the Fiedler No. 1 well, in 2008 it had no production. The salvage purchaser will be responsible for compliance with the regulations of the Texas Railroad Commission applicable to the plugging and abandonment of the Fiedler No. 1 well.
Cooke No. 6 Well
The Cooke No. 6 well began production in September 2007. We held a 31.75% working interest (23.8125% net revenue interest) in the Cooke No. 6 well at the time of its completion. Our share of the drilling and completion costs for the Cooke No. 6 well were $260,337, of which $117,508 had been paid as of September, 2008. On September 1, 2008, we sold a 21.75% working interest to an unrelated third party, leaving us with a 10.00% working interest and a net revenue interest of 7.50%. As of September 2008, this well produced oil at an average rate of 1,050 barrels per month and gas at an average rate of 3,750 Mcf per month. Production from the Cooke No. 6 well subsequently decreased with production as of March 1, 2009, at approximate rates of 450 gross barrels of oil per month and 600 gross Mcf per month.
Cartwright No. 3
In the third quarter of 2008, the Cartwright No. 3 was placed into production through a farm-out arrangement with Carrizo Exploration, Inc. In the first four months following May 2008, the Cartwright No. 3 well produced at approximate rates of 1,350 barrels of oil per month and 6,600 Mcf of gas per month. Production levels subsequently declined such that since November 2008, the Cartwright No. 3 well has produced at approximate rates of 300 gross barrels of oil per month and 2,550 gross Mcf of gas per month. We have a 3.97% working interest and 3.0% net revenue interest in the Cartwright No. 3 well.
Oil and Gas Sales
Oil from the wells is placed into tank batteries and picked up by one of several purchasers in the area as required. During 2008 and 2007, our oil production accounted for approximately $39,000 and $68,000 of our revenues respectively. Our gas production accounted for approximately $10,500 and $34,000 of our revenues in 2008 and 2007, respectively. During 2008, our oil and gas have been sold on our behalf by Bayshore.
A sweet gas and sour gas pipeline runs through the Cooke Ranch with adequate excess capacity to handle foreseeable production from wells that we might drill. “Sour gas” is a natural gas containing small amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2), while “sweet gas” is a natural gas that does not contain hydrogen sulfide or significant quantities of carbon dioxide. A “sweet gas and sour gas pipeline” can carry both of these types of natural gas.
In 2008, we participated in activities related to the following wells, with the interests and results indicated as of April 14, 2009:
| Interest | Approximate | | |
Well Name | Working | Net Revenue | Depth | Formation | Status |
Cooke No. 3 | 9.0000% | 6.8875% | 6,660 | Escondido | Producing. |
Cooke No. 6 | 10.0000 | 7.5000 | 6,671 | Escondido | Producing. |
Cooke No. 2 | 25.0000 | 17.5000 | 6,400 | Escondido | Producing at non-economic levels (awaiting enhancement/paraffin treatment). |
Cooke No. 5 | 31.7500 | 23.8125 | 6,600 | Escondido | Shut in. (awaiting sale for salvage value). |
Fiedler No. 1 | 18.7500 | 14.0625 | 8,170 | Olmos | Sold for salvage value. |
Cartwright No. 3 | 3.9700 | 3.0000 | 6,800 | Escondido | Producing. |
Lease Expansion Program
In June 2008, Bayshore entered into a lease of 220 acres in LaSalle County, Texas within the area of mutual interest covered by the exploration agreement between Bayshore and the Company, executed April 17, 2006, effective March 1, 2006. The Company exercised its right to purchase it proportionate share (31.75%) of that lease and paid Bayshore $17,463 during the quarter ended September 30, 2008 for the Company’s share of the lease bonus and related expenses. . In the future, we plan to acquire additional leaseholds where appropriate for our financial benefit. This would require raising significant funds which we currently do not possess.
Drilling and Seismic Program
Bayshore has identified additional drilling sites on the Cooke Ranch, and we anticipate that Bayshore will identify additional drilling tests in which we will participate, subject to obtaining additional funding.
Under our joint venture agreement with Bayshore, we have the right to participate with a 31.75% working interest, or a 23.8125% net revenue interest, in all further drilling on the 8,883-acre Cooke Ranch leases, excluding our initial Cooke No. 3 well. We would have a right to participate with a 75% working interest in drilling on any additional working interest acreage we are acquiring adjacent to the Cooke Ranch. We have no obligations or commitments respecting these rights unless we elect to participate in specific activities proposed by Bayshore as operator.
We will need to obtain additional funding to participate in additional drilling.
Drilling Activities
The following table sets forth the wells drilled and completed by us during 2008 and 2007, respectively:
| | | |
| 2008 | | 2007 |
| Gross | | Net | | Gross | | Net |
Development Wells: | | | | | | | |
Producing | -- | | -- | | -- | | -- |
Nonproducing | -- | | -- | | -- | | -- |
Total | -- | | -- | | -- | | -- |
| | | | | | | |
Exploratory Wells: | | | | | | | |
Discoveries | 1.00 | | 0.04 | | 4.00 | | 1.10 |
Exploratory Dry Holes | -- | | -- | | -- | | -- |
Total | 1.00 | | 0.04 | | 4.00 | | 1.10 |
Productive Wells and Acreage
As of December 31, 2008, we had interests in productive wells as follows:
| Wells | Acreage | Average Daily Production (1) |
| Gross | Net | Gross | Net | Gross | Net |
| | | | | | |
Oil(2) | 4.0 | 0.5 | 160 | 19 | 59 | 6 |
Gas | -- | -- | -- | -- | 208 | 15 |
_______________
(1) | Average daily oil production is expressed in barrels of oil per day. Average daily gas production is expressed in thousands of cubic feet per day. |
(2) | Wells producing both oil and gas were counted as oil wells. Includes the Cooke No. 2 well, which is not producing at economic levels and will be treated in an effort to enhance production. |
All of the above wells are located in LaSalle County, Texas.
Wells and Acreage
The following table sets forth our gross and net acres of developed and undeveloped oil and gas leases as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively:
| Developed Acreage | | Undeveloped Acreage |
| Gross | | Net | | Gross | | Net |
December 31, 2008 | 160 | | 19 | | 11,133 | | 3,535 |
December 31, 2007 | 240 | | 59 | | 10,912 | | 3,465 |
Production, Transportation, and Marketing
Our share of the oil produced is sold at posted field prices to an unaffiliated purchaser. Posted prices are generally competitive among crude oil purchasers. Our crude oil sales contracts may be terminated by either party upon 30 days’ notice.
No Proved Reserves
As of December 31, 2008, we have no proved reserves.
Operational Hazards and Insurance
We explore, drill for, and produce oil and gas, and as such, our operations are subject to the usual hazards incident to the industry. These hazards include blowouts, cratering, explosions, uncontrollable flows of oil, natural gas or well fluids, fires, pollution, releases of toxic gas, and other environmental hazards and risks. These hazards can cause personal injury and loss of life, severe damage to and destruction of property and equipment, pollution or environmental damage, and suspension of operations.
We do not maintain insurance to cover operational hazards, but rely on the insurance that Bayshore is required to maintain under our agreements. The operator of the wells in which we have interests is required to maintain $1.0 million worker’s compensation, $4.0 million employer’s and general liability, $2.0 million aggregate general liability, $5.0 million well control, bodily injury, and property damage insurance coverage for joint operations on areas in which we have interests. We cannot assure that we could obtain or that Bayshore or our contractors will be able to continue to obtain insurance coverage for current or future activities. Further, we cannot assure that any insurance obtained will provide coverage customary in the industry, be comparable to the insurance now maintained, or be on favorable terms or at premiums that are reasonable.
The insurance maintained by Bayshore or our contractors does not cover all of the risks involved in oil and gas exploration, drilling, and production and, if coverage does exist, may not be sufficient to pay the full amount of such liabilities. We may not be insured against all losses or liabilities that may arise from all hazards because such insurance may not be available at economical rates, the respective insurance policies may have limited coverage and other factors. For example, insurance against risks related to violations of environmental laws is not maintained. The occurrence of a significant adverse event that is not fully covered by insurance could have a materially adverse effect on us. Further, we cannot assure that adequate levels of insurance will be maintained for our benefit in the future at rates we consider reasonable.
Government Regulation
United States - State and Local Regulation of Drilling and Production
Our exploration and production operations are subject to various types of regulation at the federal, state, and local levels. Such regulation includes requiring permits for the drilling of wells, maintaining bonding requirements in order to drill or operate wells, regulating the location of wells, the method of drilling and casing wells, the surface use and restoration of properties upon which wells are drilled, and the plugging and abandoning of wells. Our operations are also subject to various conservation laws and regulations. These include the regulation of the size of drilling and spacing units or proration units and the density of wells that may be drilled and the unitization or pooling of oil and gas properties. In this regard, Texas, like many states, allows the forced pooling or integration of tracts to facilitate exploration, while other states rely on voluntary pooling of lands and leases. In addition, state conservation laws establish maximum rates of production from oil and natural gas wells, generally prohibit the venting or flaring of natural gas, and impose requirements regarding the ratability of production. The effect of these regulations is to limit the amounts of oil and natural gas we can produce from our wells and to limit the number of wells or the locations that we can drill.
Production of any oil and gas by us is affected to some degree by state regulations, some of which regulate the production and sale of oil and gas, including provisions regarding deliverability. Such statutes and related regulations are generally intended to prevent waste of oil and gas and to protect correlative rights to produce oil and gas between owners of a common reservoir. State authorities also frequently regulate the amount of oil and gas produced by assigning allowable rates of production to each well or proration unit.
Environmental Regulations
The federal government and Texas, as well as local governments, have adopted laws and regulations regarding the control of contamination of the environment. These laws and regulations generally require the acquisition of a permit by operators before drilling commences; restrict the types, quantities, and concentration of various substances that can be released into the environment in connection with drilling and production activities; limit or prohibit drilling activities on lands lying within wilderness, wetlands, and other protected areas; and impose substantial liabilities for pollution resulting from our operations. These laws and regulations generally increase the costs of drilling and operation of wells.
We may be held liable for the costs of removal and damages arising out of a pollution incident to the extent set forth in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. In addition, we may be subject to other civil claims arising out of any such incident. As a working interest owner, we are also subject, as with any owner of property, to clean-up costs and liability for toxic or hazardous substance that may exist on or under any of our properties. We believe that the operator of our properties is in compliance in all material respects with such laws, rules, and regulations and that continued compliance will not have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial condition. Furthermore, we do not believe that we are affected in a significantly different manner by these laws and regulations than are our competitors in the oil and gas industry.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, also known as the “Superfund” law, imposes liability, without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct, on certain classes of persons that are considered to be responsible for the release of a “hazardous substance” into the environment. These persons include the owner or operator of the disposal site or sites where the release occurred and companies that disposed or arranged for the disposal of the hazardous substances. Such persons may be subject to joint and several liability for the costs of cleaning up the hazardous substances that have been released into the environment, for damages to natural resources, and for the costs of certain health damages or studies. Furthermore, it is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by hazardous substances or other pollutants released into the environment.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and related regulations govern the generation, storage, transfer, and disposal of hazardous wastes. This law, however, excludes from the definition of hazardous wastes “drilling fluids, produced waters, and other wastes associated with the exploration, development, or production of crude oil, natural gas, or geothermal energy.” Because of this exclusion, many of our operations are exempt from these regulations. Nevertheless, we must comply with these regulations for any of our operations that do not fall within the exclusion.
The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto impose a variety of regulations on responsible parties related to the prevention of oil spills and liability for damages resulting from such spills. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 establishes strict liability for owners of facilities that are the site of a release of oil into “waters of the United States.” While liability more typically applies to facilities near substantial bodies of water, at least one district court has held that liability can attach if the contamination could enter waters that may flow into navigable waters.
Stricter standards in environmental legislation may be imposed on the oil and gas industry in the future, such as proposals made in Congress, and at the state level from time to time that would reclassify certain oil and natural gas exploration and production wastes as “hazardous wastes” and make the reclassified wastes subject to more stringent and costly handling, disposal, and clean-up requirements. The impact of any such changes, however, would not likely be any more burdensome to us than to any other similarly situated company involved in oil and gas exploration and production.
Safety and Health Regulations
Operations in which we have an interest must be conducted in accordance with various laws and regulations concerning occupational safety and health. Currently, we do not foresee expending material amounts to comply with these occupational safety and health laws and regulations. However, since such laws and regulations are frequently changed, we are unable to predict the future effect of these laws and regulations.
Oil and Gas Leases
The properties in which we have and are likely to obtain interests in Texas are and will likely be held under oil and gas leases standard in the oil and gas industry. Such leases provide for the payment of royalty to the property owner and generally govern the manner in which activities are to be conducted. We believe the operations on the leases in which we have an interest comply with all material provisions of such regulations.
Title to Properties
All of our working interests are, and working interests acquired in the future likely will be, held under leases from third parties. The operator of the project typically obtains a title opinion concerning such properties prior to the commencement of drilling operations. We are advised that Bayshore has obtained such title opinions or other third-party review on all of the producing properties in which we have an interest and believe that we have satisfactory title to all such properties sufficient to meet standards generally accepted in the oil and gas industry. Our working interests are subject to typical burdens, including customary royalty interests and liens for current taxes, but we believe that such burdens do not materially interfere with our use of such properties and that the economic effects of such burdens have been appropriately reflected in our acquisition cost of our working interests. Title investigation before the acquisition of undeveloped properties is less thorough than that conducted prior to drilling, as is standard practice in the industry.
Employees and Consultants
Other than our executive officer, we have no employees. From time to time, we may engage technical consultants to provide specific geological, geophysical, and other professional services.
On August 1, 2007, the Company entered into a consulting services agreement to obtain approximately 30 hours of corporate communications services each week. The consulting agreement is for a term of six months with a possible six-month extension. The consultant agreed to provide services in the dissemination of information prepared by the Company and to advise the Company in the preparation of press releases. The consultant’s base fee was paid by the issuance of 50,000 shares of restricted common stock, issued in advance. Additionally, the consulting agreement provided that the consultant receive a signing bonus of $5,000 and 100,000 shares of restricted common stock on the effective date of the consulting agreement, for a total of 150,000 shares issued under the consulting agreement. The consulting agreement may be terminated by either party in the event of material breach, willful noncompliance, fraud or serious neglect or misconduct, or bankruptcy.
On November 1, 2007, the Company entered into a consulting agreement to obtain investor relations services. The consulting agreement is for a term of six months. The consultant’s base compensation for these services is $5,000 per month. Additionally, the consulting agreement provided that the consultant receive a signing bonus of 200,000 shares of restricted common stock on the effective date of the agreement and a bonus of $10,000 every sixty days (although the bonuses due on December 31, 2007 and February 29, 2008, were waived). The consulting agreement may be terminated by either party in the event of material breach, willful noncompliance, fraud or serious neglect or misconduct, or bankruptcy.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Risk Factors
We are not the operator of any of our properties, so we have no control and limited influence over our current exploration, development, and production activities.
We are not the operator of any of the properties in which we have an interest and on which we plan to devote substantially all of our financial and other resources in drilling and related activities, so we are dependent on the financial and technical resources, initiative, and management of the operator, Bayshore. Bayshore, as the operator, initiates drilling and other activities, and we have the right to elect whether to participate in specific proposed activities by bearing our working-interest share of expenses or to withhold participation, in which case we would not bear related costs or share in any resulting revenues. We have very limited rights to propose drilling or other activities. We rely to a significant extent on the initiative, expertise, and financial capabilities of our strategic partner, Bayshore. The failure of Bayshore to proceed with exploration and development of the Cooke Ranch area or to perform its obligations under contracts with us could prevent us from continuing to drill in an effort to establish production and reserves and recover our current or future investment in the Cooke Ranch area. Bayshore has oil and gas interests in which we do not participate. If Bayshore’s separately held interests should become more promising to Bayshore than interests held with us, Bayshore may focus its efforts, funds, expertise, and other resources elsewhere. In addition, should our relationship with Bayshore deteriorate or terminate, our oil and gas exploratory programs may be delayed significantly.
Bayshore is the principal source of our energy investments to date, so we are dependent on its ability to select prospects and conduct exploration and, if warranted, development.
We rely principally on Bayshore, which has provided us with all of the prospects in which we have participated to date, to select prospects for energy investments and to conduct exploration. We will also be dependent on Bayshore if any such prospects warrant development. We might be unable to continue with our energy investment activities if Bayshore were unable or unwilling to continue to provide these services to us.
Our ability to monitor Bayshore and the competitiveness of the rates we pay to it are limited.
We do not have sufficient personnel to audit Bayshore or the services it provides to us, so we have not completed an internal administrative or third party review of Bayshore’s field activities or expenditures. We also have little or no basis by which to determine whether we are being charged competitive rates for the services provided to us by Bayshore. We have not, and in the future, may not, obtain competitive bids for the services provided to us by Bayshore. We do not know if the quantity and quality of services we receive from Bayshore are as beneficial to us as we could obtain from competitor negotiations.
Our spending on general and administrative costs is substantial despite our limited revenue.
We have and may continue to incur substantial costs for general and administrative expenses that are substantially greater than our limited revenue. In 2008, we incurred general and administrative expenses of $236,147 while our net oil and gas revenue was only $49,485.
We have recognized substantial impairment loss on oil and gas properties with little generation of revenue.
To date, we have incurred $4,586,311 in oil and gas property acquisition and exploration costs, and we have recognized an impairment loss on oil and gas properties of $1,739,545 in 2006 and an additional impairment loss on oil and gas properties of $2,077,851 in 2008. We generated oil and gas revenue of $49,485 in 2008 from properties with a carrying value under the full cost method as of December 31, 2008, of $587,886. We may further impair the carrying value of our oil and gas properties in the future. There is no guarantee that further exploration spending by us would produce differing results. Further, we would require additional funding to participate in any additional exploration.
Since all of our operations are concentrated in a geographical area, a single disaster could halt all of our operations.
All of our assets and operations are currently concentrated in La Salle County, Texas, except for the 160 gross-acre Nome prospect in Jefferson County, Texas, on which we drilled the McDermand No. 1 dry hole. So all of our operations may be temporarily disrupted or permanently halted in the case of a natural or other disaster in that geographical area. Such a disaster could result in the loss of our assets and termination of our activities.
We have no officer, director, or employee with any formal oil and gas exploration or engineering education or training and will continue to rely on the expertise of Bayshore, whose interests may not always be aligned with ours.
We have no officer, director, or employee with geological, geophysical, or petroleum engineering training or experience. This increases our dependence on Bayshore and consultants we may engage from time to time. The expertise Bayshore provides may be influenced by its position as the majority working interest owner and its interest in obtaining funding from us for proposed activities.
We have limited internal controls due to our small size and limited number of people, which may keep us from preventing or detecting waste or fraud.
We have only two directors, one of whom is also our sole officer, so we rely on manual systems without independent officers and employees to implement full, formal, internal control systems. Accordingly, we do not have separate personnel that provide dual signatures on checks, separate accounts receivable and cash receipts, accounts payable and check writing, or other functions that frequently are divided among several individuals as a method of reducing the likelihood of improper activity. This reliance on a few individuals and the lack of comprehensive internal control systems may impair our ability to detect and prevent internal waste and fraud.
Our independent auditors have qualified their report to express substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
The reports of our auditors on our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, contain an explanatory paragraph expressing substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. If we fail to continue as a going concern, our stockholders may suffer a complete loss of their investment.
We have a history of operating losses, which is likely to continue.
As of December 31, 2008, we had an accumulated deficit of $6,678,912, and expect that we will continue to incur losses and that our accumulated deficit will increase. We reported losses of $2,376,293 and $1,104,868 for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. We anticipate that we will continue to incur losses from our exploration activities unless and until we are successful in establishing significant production.
We will need additional capital, which we may seek through the sale of equity securities.
We will need additional funds to cover expenditures in excess of our current commitments for our share of costs related to the exploration and development of our current and future leasehold interests and to pay our current liabilities. We will fund any additional amounts required for exploration and development or possible acquisition of additional prospect interests through the sale of additional equity securities, which would reduce the percentage interest in our corporation held by existing stockholders and may dilute the economic interest of existing stockholders. Our board of directors can authorize the sale of additional equity securities without stockholder consent.
There is very limited trading in our common stock.
Our common stock has been quoted on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board and reported in the Pink Sheets published by Pink Sheets, LLC, since June 2005.
During the last year, the trading price of our common stock has varied from a low of approximately $0.01 to a high of approximately $0.40. The aggregate trading volumes for each of the four calendar quarters in 2008 were 1,063,783; 1,668,147; 1,273,795; and 951,463 shares, respectively. Based on the aggregate volume of trading per month and the number of days of trading in our common stock per month, there was an average approximate volume of shares traded per day in our common stock in 2008 as reflected in the table below. The trading volume above reflects the limited trading volume of our common stock, which creates the potential for significant changes in the trading price of our common stock as a result of relatively minor changes in the supply and demand. It is likely that trading prices and volumes for our common stock will fluctuate in the future, without regard to our business activities.
Month of 2008 | Volume of Shares Traded Per Day |
December | 26,288 |
November | 6,866 |
October | 10,551 |
September | 14,076 |
August | 13,186 |
July | 31,877 |
June | 36,282 |
May | 22,168 |
April | 20,032 |
March | 7,999 |
February | 25,025 |
January | 19,205 |
Penny stock regulations will impose certain restrictions on resales of our securities, which may cause an investor to lose some or all of its investment.
The Securities and Exchange Commission has adopted regulations that generally define a “penny stock” to be any equity security that has a market price (as defined) of less than $5.00 per share that is not traded on a national securities exchange or Nasdaq or that has an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. As a result, our common stock is subject to rules that impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers that sell such securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors (generally those with assets in excess of $1,000,000 or annual income exceeding $200,000, or $300,000 together with their spouse). For transactions covered by these rules, the broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the purchase of such securities and have received the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction prior to the purchase. Further, if the price of the stock is below $5.00 per share and the issuer does not have $2.0 million or more net tangible assets or is not listed on a registered national securities exchange or Nasdaq, sales of such stock in the secondary trading market are subject to certain additional rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. These rules generally require, among other things, that brokers engaged in secondary trading of penny stocks provide customers with written disclosure documents, monthly statements of the market value of penny stocks, disclosure of the bid and asked prices, and disclosure of the compensation to the broker-dealer and the salesperson working for the broker-dealer in connection with the transaction. These rules and regulations may affect the ability of broker-dealers to sell our common stock, thereby effectively limiting the liquidity of our common stock. These rules may also adversely affect the ability of persons that acquire our common stock to resell their securities in any trading market that may exist at the time of such intended sale.
We may not be able to obtain additional financing.
There can be no assurance that any net proceeds we receive from the exercise of outstanding warrants of this offering will satisfy our capital needs. We may require additional capital to address unanticipated expenses. There is no assurance that additional financing will be available when needed on terms favorable to us or at all. The unavailability of adequate financing on acceptable terms could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and on our continued operation.
Risk Factors Relating to our Industry
Operational hazards for which we do not maintain insurance are inherent in the exploration, drilling, and production of oil and gas.
Usual operational hazards incident to our industry include blowouts, cratering, explosions, uncontrollable flows of oil, natural gas or well fluids, fires, pollution, releases of toxic gas, and other environmental hazards and risks. These hazards can cause personal injury and loss of life, severe damage to and destruction of property and equipment, pollution or environmental damage, and suspension of operations. We do not maintain insurance to cover operational hazards, but rely on our agreements that require the operator of the properties in which we have an interest to maintain $1.0 million workers’ compensation, $1.0 employer’s and general liability, $2.0 million aggregate general liability, $5.0 million well control, and $5.0 million bodily injury and property damage insurance coverage. The insurance policies purchased under this covenant include us as the owner of a non-operating working interest as an insured under such policies. We cannot assure that we could obtain or that Bayshore or our contractors will be able to continue to obtain insurance coverage for current or future activities. Further, we cannot assure that any insurance obtained will provide coverage customary in the industry, be comparable to the insurance now maintained, or be on favorable terms or at premiums that are reasonable. The insurance maintained by Bayshore or our contractors does not cover all of the risks involved in oil and gas exploration, drilling, and production, and if coverage does exist, may not be sufficient to pay the full amount of such liabilities. We may not be insured against all losses or liabilities that may arise from all hazards because such insurance may not be available at economical rates, the respective insurance policies may have limited coverage, and other factors. For example, insurance against risks related to violations of environmental laws is not maintained. The occurrence of a significant adverse event that is not fully covered by insurance or for which the coverage is insufficient to cover aggregate losses could expose us to liability because we may be responsible for our working interest share of the damages in excess of any related insurance coverage. Further, we cannot assure that adequate levels of insurance will be maintained for our benefit in the future at rates we consider reasonable. The occurrence of any of these risks could lead to a reduction in the value of our Company and the loss of investments made by purchasers of our stock.
We could incur expenses and be forced to interrupt exploration, development, or production to comply with environmental and other governmental regulations.
Our business is governed by numerous laws and regulations at various levels of government governing the operation and maintenance of our facilities, the discharge of materials into the environment, and other environmental protection issues. The laws and regulations may, among other potential consequences, require that permits be acquired before commencement of drilling on any of the properties in which we have an interest, restrict the substances that can be released into the environment with drilling and production activities, limit or prohibit drilling activities on protected areas such as wetlands or wilderness areas, require that reclamation measures be taken to prevent pollution from former operations, require remedial measures to mitigate pollution from former operations, such as plugging abandoned wells and remediating contaminated soil and groundwater, and require remedial measures to be taken with respect to property designated as a contaminated site. Under these laws and regulations, we could be liable for personal injury, clean-up costs, and other environmental and property damages, as well as administrative, civil, and criminal penalties. We do not maintain insurance coverage for sudden and accidental environmental damages or environmental damage that occurs over time. We do not believe that insurance coverage for the full potential liability of environmental damages is available at a reasonable cost. Accordingly, we could be liable, or could be required to cease production on properties, if environmental damage occurs. The costs of complying with environmental laws and regulations in the future may harm our business. Furthermore, future changes in environmental laws and regulations could result in stricter standards and enforcement, larger fines and liability, and increased capital expenditures and operating costs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
Our results of operations as well as the carrying value of our oil and gas properties are substantially dependent upon the prices of oil and natural gas, which historically have been volatile and are likely to continue to be volatile.
Our results of operations and the ceiling on the carrying value of our oil and gas properties are dependent on the estimated present value of proved reserves, which depends on the prevailing prices for oil and gas, which are and are likely to continue to be volatile. Recent world events have significantly increased oil and gas prices, but we cannot assure that such prices will continue. Various factors beyond our control affect prices of oil and natural gas, including political and economic conditions; worldwide and domestic supplies of and demand for oil and gas; weather conditions; the ability of the members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries to agree on and maintain price and production controls; political instability or armed conflict in oil-producing regions; the price of foreign imports; the level of consumer demand; the price and availability of alternative fuels; and changes in existing federal and state regulations. Current prices for oil are at or near historical highs, and any significant decline in oil or gas prices could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition, and level of development and exploration expenditures and could result in a reduction in the carrying value of our oil and gas properties. Further, we have no proved reserves. If we had proved reserves, any decline in prices would cause a reduction in the amount of any reserves and, in turn, in the amount that we might be able to borrow to fund development and acquisition activities. To date, we do not believe that the lack of reserves has hindered our efforts to obtain the capital we have sought.
We cannot predict whether production or reserves will be established on properties in which we have an interest.
The decision to develop, exploit, purchase, or explore a property will depend, in part, on our assessment of the information we are provided by Bayshore about potential recoverable reserves, future oil and natural gas prices and operating costs, potential environmental and other liabilities risks, and other factors that are beyond our control. Such assessments are necessarily inexact, and their accuracy is inherently uncertain. Results from previous exploration and production in the Cooke Ranch area by others do not assure that hydrocarbons in commercial quantities exist in the areas in which we have or may obtain an interest or that we may discover or recover any reserves in place. Even if geophysical and geological analyses and engineering studies, which often produce inconclusive or varied interpretations, indicate high reserve potential of a prospect or project, there can be no assurance that our development, exploitation, acquisition, or exploration activities will result in establishing reserves or that we will be successful in drilling productive wells.
In general, the volume of production from oil and natural gas properties declines as reserves are depleted. Except to the extent we conduct successful development, exploitation, and exploration activities or acquire properties containing proved reserves, or both, any reserves we establish will decline as reserves are produced.
We have no proved reserves, and any future estimates we may make of quantities of proved oil and gas reserves we may have in the future and projected rates of production and the timing and results of development expenditures may prove inaccurate because of numerous uncertainties.
We are testing geological formations that have not previously been explored or produced widely in the Cooke Ranch area, so our wells should be considered exploratory unless and until there is greater drilling experience. Because of the limited drilling of the geological formations that we are drilling, we cannot forecast the anticipated results of drilling, even though a particular drilling site may be adjacent to or nearby a producing well.
We currently have no proved reserves and will be able to establish reserves only if the results of drilling provide sufficient engineering and geological data to demonstrate with reasonable certainty that our properties contain hydrocarbons that may be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. We can establish reserves respecting an individual well only after, if ever, we have sustained production from such well over several months and have related engineering and geological data to demonstrate the existence and recoverability of hydrocarbons. We cannot assure that we will be able to establish proved reserves in any well we drill. We will be unable to estimate precisely any reserves we may establish. Oil and gas reserve engineering is a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of oil and gas that cannot be measured in an exact way, and estimates of other engineers might differ. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. Results of drilling, testing, and production subsequent to the date of an estimate may justify revision of such estimate. Accordingly, reserve estimates are often significantly different from the quantities of oil and gas that are ultimately recovered. In addition, estimates of our future net revenues from any future proved reserves and the present value thereof are based on certain assumptions regarding future oil and gas prices, production levels, and operating and development costs that may not prove to be correct. Any significant variance in these assumptions could materially affect our estimated quantity of reserves and future net revenues therefrom.
Risk Factors Relating to Control by Our Officers and Directors;
Impediments to Change of Control
Our officers and directors will continue to control us following this offering, and they may take actions that are not in the best interests of our other stockholders.
Robert Freiheit and Thomas J. Manz, officers and directors, collectively beneficially own approximately 21.8% of our common stock. Accordingly, by virtue of their ownership of shares, the stockholders referred to above acting together may effectively have the ability to influence significant corporate actions. Such actions include the election of our directors and the approval or disapproval of fundamental corporate transactions, including mergers, the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, liquidation, and the adoption or amendment of provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws. Such actions could delay or prevent a change in our control. In addition, the Nevada Revised Statutes restrict business combinations with interested stockholders, and our articles of incorporation contain provisions that may discourage, delay, or prevent a third party from acquiring control of the company by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest for a majority of the board of directors, or otherwise.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
This item is not applicable to our company.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our principal executive offices are located at 2533 North Carson Street, Suite 6232, Carson City, Nevada 89706. Our telephone number is 775-841-5049, and our facsimile number there is 775-883-2384. This space is leased from Laughlin Associates, Inc., and includes approximately 500 square feet of private office space along with an additional 1100 square feet of shared conference, lobby, and technical space. Laughlin Associates also provides us with reception and mail distribution services. In March 2008, we renewed our lease through March 2009 for a single annual payment of $2,400.
See “Item 1. Description of Business” for descriptions of our oil and gas properties.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are not a party to any material legal proceedings and no material legal proceedings have been threatened by us or, to the best of our knowledge, against us.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to the stockholders for consideration during the fourth quarter of our most recently completed fiscal year.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock has been quoted on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board since April 2007 and reported in the Pink Sheets published by Pink Sheets, LLC, on at least an unsolicited basis since June 2005.
The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low bid prices for our common stock as quoted under the symbol PXTE on the Pink Sheets. Such quotations do not include commissions or retail mark-ups or mark-downs and may not represent actual transactions:
| Low | | High |
2009: | | | |
First Quarter to April 14, 2009 | $0.01 | | $0.06 |
| | | |
2008: | | | |
Fourth Quarter | 0.01 | | 0.08 |
Third Quarter | 0.08 | | 0.18 |
Second Quarter | 0.12 | | 0.29 |
First Quarter | 0.23 | | 0.39 |
| | | |
2007: | | | |
Fourth Quarter | 0.19 | | 0.72 |
Third Quarter | 0.53 | | 1.00 |
Second Quarter | 0.75 | | 1.70 |
First Quarter | 0.95 | | 1.45 |
On April 13, 2009, the Pink Sheets reported that the closing price for our common stock was $0.03 per share.
We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate that we will pay dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to reinvest any future earnings to further expand our business. We estimate that, as of April 14, 2009, we had approximately 79 stockholders.
Penny Stock Regulations
Our stock is presently regulated as a penny stock, and broker-dealers will be subject to regulations that impose additional requirements on us and on broker-dealers that want to publish quotations or make a market in our common stock. The Securities and Exchange Commission has promulgated rules governing over-the-counter trading in penny stocks, defined generally as securities trading below $5.00 per share that are not quoted on a securities exchange or Nasdaq or which do not meet other substantive criteria. Under these rules, our common stock is currently classified as a penny stock. As a penny stock, our common stock is currently subject to rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission that impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers that sell such securities to persons other than established customers and institutional accredited investors. For transactions covered by the rule, the broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction prior to sale. Further, if the price of the stock is below $5.00 per share and the issuer does not have $2.0 million or more net tangible assets or is not listed on a registered national securities exchange or Nasdaq, sales of such stock in the secondary trading market are subject to certain additional rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. These rules generally require, among other things, that brokers engaged in secondary trading of penny stocks provide customers with written disclosure documents, monthly statements of the market value of penny stocks, disclosure of the bid and asked prices, and disclosure of the compensation to the broker-dealer and the salesperson working for the broker-dealer in connection with the transaction. These rules and regulations may affect the ability of broker-dealers to sell our common stock, thereby effectively limiting the liquidity of our common stock. These rules may also adversely affect the ability of persons that acquire our common stock to resell their securities in any trading market that may exist at the time of such intended sale.
Equity Compensation Plans
During 2008, we have not had any equity compensation plans or issued any shares pursuant to any equity compensation plans.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
This item is not applicable to our company.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and notes to our financial statements included elsewhere in this report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors discussed elsewhere in this report.
Certain information included herein contains statements that may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, such as statements relating to our anticipated revenues, gross margin and operating results, future performance and operations, plans for future expansion, capital spending, sources of liquidity, and financing sources. Such forward-looking information involves important risks and uncertainties that could significantly affect anticipated results in the future, and accordingly, such results may differ from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made herein. These risks and uncertainties include those relating to our liquidity requirements, whether the quantities of oil or gas we discover will be as large as our initial estimate of an exploration target area’s gross un-risked potential, whether actual exploration risks will be consistent with our forecasts, future drilling and other exploration schedules and sequences for wells and other activities, the future results of drilling individual wells and other exploration and development activities, future variations in well performance as compared to initial test data, the prices at which we may be able to sell oil or gas, uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved reserves and actual production rates and associated costs, future events that may result in the need for additional capital, the cost and availability of additional capital that we may require and possible related restrictions on our future operating or financing flexibility, our future ability to attract industry or financial participants to share the costs of exploration, exploitation, development, and acquisition activities, future plans and the financial and technical resources of industry or financial participants, and other factors.
Overview
We are a small oil and gas exploration and production company. In June 2005, we acquired our first working interest in an oil and gas property. The Cooke No. 3 well was drilled in 2005 and commenced production in November 2005. We began production from three additional wells in 2006, acquired additional interests in oil and gas properties, and drilled three dry holes. In 2007, we drilled two additional wells. During 2008, we participated in the farm out of our interest in a new well drilled by others, retaining a small interest in the new well. We continue to be considered an exploration-stage company due to the absence of significant revenue.
We have no proved reserves. For the period from June 30, 2004, the date of our inception, to December 31, 2008, we have incurred $6,990,000 of costs and operating expenses, principally consisting of an impairment losses of $3,820,000 on oil and gas properties, $1,580,000 of general and administrative expenses, and $1,470,000 of stock-based compensation related to the issuance of common stock for the initial services of our chief operating officer, a stock option granted to a director, and the issuance of common stock to consultants for financial advisory, public relations, and geological advisory services. The impairment losses of $3,820,000 were due to the determination by us that capitalized costs for wells drilled and other oil and gas properties were in excess of estimated present value of future cash flow from those properties.
We have relied significantly upon the issuance of common stock and promissory notes to finance our exploration-stage operations. In certain cases, the promissory notes were accompanied by some form of equity interest, including stock and beneficial conversion features. Generally accepted accounting principles require that the proceeds from promissory notes and the equity interests be accounted for by allocating a portion of the proceeds to the equity interests and recording a corresponding discount to the notes. This discount was amortized over the terms of the notes (or through the date of conversion into common stock) and recorded as a non-cash expense characterized as “interest expense from amortization of discount on secured convertible notes and other debt.” These charges totaled approximately $970,000 as of December 31, 2008.
In connection with an offering of common stock and warrants in April 2006, we entered into a registration rights agreement that, among other matters, provides for the payment by us of 1% per month (up to a maximum of 18%) of the proceeds of the offering in partial liquidated damages for our failure to file a registration statement by June 30, 2006, and meet certain other deadlines until the registration statement is declared effective. We determined that the features of the partial liquidated damages provision of the registration rights agreement in relation to the deadlines for the registration statement to be declared effective cause this arrangement to be accounted for under Financial Accounting Standards Board Staff Position on EITF 00-19 (FSP EITF 0019-2). In accordance with FSP EITF 0019-2, we have recorded a estimated liability of $434,466 (plus interest of $126,481 through December 31, 2008) for probable payments that will be payable under the registration rights agreement. The estimated penalty has been principally charged against the proceeds from the offering, after recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to stockholders’ equity and specifically to retained earnings (deficit) on October 1, 2006, for the change in the method of accounting for the registration payment arrangement in accordance with FSP 00-19-2.
As of December 31, 2008, we have acquired oil and gas properties with a carrying value of $590,000 through the payment of cash and the issuance of common stock, after the recognition of $3,820,000 in impairment loss as described above. At December 31, 2008, we had current assets of $120,000, principally consisting of cash and a receivable from our attorney’s trust account remaining from the proceeds of notes payable and had current liabilities of $1,153,000, resulting in a working capital deficit of $1,033,000.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
Oil and Gas Revenues
Our net oil and gas revenue was $49,485 for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $96,338 for the year ended December 31, 2007, representing a decrease of $46,853, or 49%. The decrease in revenues for the year ended December 31, 2008, was principally due to the Cooke No. 3 well being shut in during part of 2008 for attempted recompletion in other formations. Management has not received units of production and pricing information on which to base detailed comparisons.
Cost and Operating Expenses
Our costs and operating expenses were $2,364,096 for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $1,163,279 for the year ended December 31, 2007, representing an increase of $1,200,817, or 103% due primarily to an impairment loss on oil and gas properties of $2,077,351 in 2008.
Lease Operating Expenses — Lease operating expenses were $47,439 for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $42,090 for the year ended December 31, 2007, representing an increase of $5,349, or 13%. The increase in lease operating costs primarily related to increased costs on the Cooke No. 5 and No. 6 wells as a result of recompletion efforts.
Impairment Loss on Oil and Gas Properties — During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company determined that capitalized costs for wells drilled were in excess of estimated present value of future cash flows from those wells. As a result, the Company recognized an additional impairment loss in the amount of $1,400,951, reducing the carrying value for wells drilled to zero. Other oil and gas properties, including leasehold interest costs, exploration agreement costs, and geological and geophysical costs, are carried at the lower cost or fair market value. During the year ended December 31, 2008, management also evaluated the carrying value of these other oil and gas properties and recognized impairment of $676,400, reducing their carrying value to $587,886.
Accretion of Asset Retirement Obligations — Accretion of asset retirement obligations was $3,159 for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $2,212 for the year ended December 31, 2007, representing an increase of $947. The increase in accretion of asset retirement obligations expenses reflects the increase in the number of wells in which we participated.
General and Administrative Expense — General and administrative expense was $236,147 for the year ended December 31, 2008, as compared to $674,477 for the year ended December 31, 2007, representing a decrease of $438,330, or 65%. The decrease in general and administrative expense during the year ended December 31, 2008 is related primarily to 1) decreases in legal and auditing costs, and registration rights penalties that were incurred in the prior year related to the process of registering our common stock during 2007, 2) decreases in consulting services, 3) reduced travel and related expenses, and 4) decreases in salary expense because the chief executive officer ceased taking compensation effective March 1, 2008.
Stock-based Compensation — During the year ended December 31, 2008, stock-based compensation was zero. During the year ended December 31, 2007, stock-based compensation totaled $444,500, which represented the issuance of 610,000 shares of our common stock in exchange for geological advisory and investor relations services.
Other Income (Expense)
Gain on Transfer of Common Stock from Bayshore Exploration, L.L.C. — As more fully discussed in Notes 2 and 3 of the financial statements, 300,000 shares of common stock were transferred to new noteholders by Bayshore Exploration, L.L.C., in connection with the amendment of the Exploration Agreement with Bayshore. The Company has accounted for this transfer as a contribution of common stock to the Company and an issuance to the new noteholders. In connection with this arrangement, we recognized a gain of $24,000.
Interest Income — We had interest income of $368 for the year ended December 31, 2008, as compared to $20,038 for the year ended December 31, 2007. This decrease is due to a decrease in balances of cash and cash equivalents from $750,650 at January 1, 2007 to $27,523 at December 31, 2008.
Interest Expense — We incurred interest expense of $73,147 for the year ended December 31, 2008, as compared to $57,965 for the year ended December 31, 2007. The majority of interest expense relates to interest accrued on the liability for the registration rights penalty. Commencing in September 2008, we are also incurring interest of $3,000 per month on newly issued notes payable in the principal amount of $300,000.
Although the net changes and percent changes with respect to our revenues and our costs and operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, are summarized above, the trends contained therein are limited and should not be viewed as a definitive indication of our future results.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At December 31, 2008, our principal source of liquidity consisted of $27,523 of cash and $77,478 receivable from our attorney’s trust account, as compared to $117,210 of cash at December 31, 2007. At December 31, 2008, we had a working capital deficit of $1,033,528 as compared to a deficit of $930,631 as of December 31, 2007. In addition, we have a deficit in our total stockholders’ equity of $477,734 at December 31, 2008, compared to total stockholders’ equity of $1,883,849 at December 31, 2007, a decrease in the stockholders’ equity of $2,361,583, principally as a result of our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2008.
Our operations used net cash of $196,296 during the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to using $401,453 of net cash during the year ended December 31, 2007. Net cash used in operating activities consists of our net loss, adjusted principally for the non-cash impairment loss recognized during the year ended December 31, 2008 plus changes in the non-cash elements of our working capital. The $205,157 decrease in the net cash used in our operating activities primarily resulted from reduced cash expenditures during the year ended December 31, 2008, principally due to decreased cash available to pay for operations.
Investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2008, used $40,913 of net cash, as compared to $231,987 net cash used during the year ended December 31, 2007. Cash used in investing activities principally relates to expenditures for exploration and development of oil and gas properties.
Financing activities provided $147,522 of net cash during the year ended December 31, 2008, as compared to no net cash provided during the year ended December 31, 2007. This net increase of $147,522 reflects our issuance of promissory notes in September 2008 in the amount of $300,000 less amounts retained in our attorney’s trust account, and less $75,000 paid to Bayshore for amounts financed by them.
We cannot assure that additional capital funding would be available through private or public equity financing or bank financing, including any funds that we may seek from existing stockholders. Without additional sources of cash, the Company will be unable to substantially reduce its working capital deficit or reduce its current liabilities, including those that are substantially past due. The Company’s creditors may not continue to forbear from collection efforts. Management’s external financing efforts may be impaired by the Company’s limited revenues, our continuing inability to identify and exploit exploration opportunities and increase production, continuing general and administrative costs, and the limited liquidity for the Company’s common stock. There is no assurance that additional capital funding would be available through private or public equity financing or bank financing, including any funds that the Company may seek from existing stockholders. Furthermore, outside events such as the price of oil, the condition of the stock market, and interest rate levels could affect our ability to obtain financing. We have no financing arrangements with any person to obtain additional funding on any terms and cannot assure that we will be able to do so. If the Company is unable to obtain additional capital funding, it may be required to sell assets, reduce its holdings of oil and gas properties or merge with another entity in order to generate sufficient cash to liquidate its liabilities. In conjunction with Bayshore, the Company is outsourcing farm-out strategies on all its leased properties. If the Company is unable to farm-out some of its interests by June 1, 2009, the Company intends to put some of its leasehold interests up for sale.
We have no significant contractual obligations or commercial commitments not reflected on our balance sheet as of this date.
Critical Accounting Policies
We have identified the policies outlined below as critical to our business operations and an understanding of our results of operations. The list is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, with no need for management's judgment in their application. The impact and any associated risks related to these policies on our business operations is discussed throughout Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations where such policies affect our reported and expected financial results. For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, see the Notes to the December 31, 2008 Financial Statements. Note that our preparation of the financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. There can be no assurance that actual results will not differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
All revenues are derived from the sale of produced crude oil and natural gas. Revenue and related production taxes and lease operating expenses are recorded in the month the product is delivered to the purchaser. Payment for the revenue, net of related taxes and lease operating expenses, is received from the operator of the well approximately 45 days after the month of delivery. Accounts receivable are stated at the amount management expects to collect. Management provides for probable uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to an allowance based on its assessment of the collectibility of the receivable.
Income Taxes
Provisions for income taxes are based on taxes payable or refundable and deferred taxes. Deferred taxes are provided on differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements and tax operating loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are included in the financial statements at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, including oil and gas properties, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or asset group to estimated future undiscounted net cash flows of the related asset or group of assets over their remaining lives. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future undiscounted cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. Impairment of long-lived assets is assessed at the lowest levels for which there are identifiable cash flows that are independent of other groups of assets. The impairment of long-lived assets requires judgments and estimates. If circumstances change, such estimates could also change.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
This item is not applicable to our company.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Our consolidated financial statements are filed with and begin on page F-1 of this report.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A(T). CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officer (who are the same person and whom we refer to as our Certifying Officer), as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance the objectives of the control system are met.
Our Certifying Officer evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2008, and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective, because certain deficiencies involving internal controls constituted material weaknesses, as discusses below. The material weaknesses identified did not result in the restatement of any previously reported financial statements or any other related financial disclosure, and management does not believe that the material weaknesses had any effect on the accuracy of our financial statements for the current reporting period.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by our principal executive and principal financial officers to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of a system of internal control to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate due to changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
As of December 31, 2008, our Certifying Officer conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, management has determined that our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective because there were material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. A material weakness is a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected. As of December 31, 2008, management identified the following material weaknesses:
1. Lack of a system to administratively review, audit or verify the reporting by Bayshore of revenues and expenditures in connection with the oil and gas properties on which we conducted activities during 2008. Similarly, we have not obtained units of production or similar third-party purchaser confirmation of the details of our oil and gas production.
2. We do not have a sufficient number of company personnel to separate accounting and recordkeeping functions in accordance with sound bookkeeping practices. Our principal executive and principal financial officer are the same person, and therefore cannot provide an independent review and quality assurance function within the accounting and financial reporting group.
3. We do not maintain certain entity-level controls as defined by the framework issued by COSO. Specifically, our lack of staff does not allow us to effectively maintain a sufficient number of adequately trained personnel necessary to anticipate and identify risks critical to financial reporting. There is a risk that a material misstatement of the financial statements could be caused, or at least not be detected in a timely manner, due to lack of adequate staff with such expertise.
These weaknesses are continuing. Management and the Board of Directors are aware of these weaknesses that result because of limited resources and staff. In order to mitigate these weaknesses to a degree, we have outsourced certain of our accounting processes to a third-party accounting firm. Due to our limited financial and managerial resources, we cannot assure when we will be able to implement effective internal controls over financial reporting.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this annual report.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Management
All of the directors will serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until their earlier death, retirement, resignation, or removal. Executive officers serve at the discretion of the board of directors and are appointed to serve until the first board meeting following the annual meeting of stockholders.
The following table sets forth the name, age, and position of each of our current directors and executive officers:
Name | | Age | | Title |
| | | | |
Robert Freiheit | | 55 | | Chairman of the Board of Directors, President, Chief Executive Officer, Secretary, Treasurer |
Thomas J. Manz | | 60 | | Director |
Executive Officer and Directors
Robert Freiheit became our chief executive officer, secretary, treasurer, and a director when he became a principal stockholder in August 2004. He is currently president and director of Ameralink, Inc., a small, publicly held company, since June 2004. He has also been a board member for Welund Fund, Inc., of Rancho Cordova, California, from February 2003. Mr. Freiheit has been president and managing member of Liberty Associates Holdings, LLC, of Sacramento, California, a privately held, real estate development firm, from June 1986 to the present. Mr. Freiheit has also been the managing member of Auto Village LLC, an independent auto dealership, of Rancho Cordova, California, from March 2001 to the present. He served as a board member for Chapeau, Inc., a company in the energy services sector, from February 2000 to June 2002. Since July 2004, has also served as chairman of the board and co-chief executive officer of Accredited Adjusters, Inc., of Rancho Cordova, California, which provides vehicle management services to banks and credit unions in the western states. Mr. Freiheit is a graduate of Ohio State University with degrees in finance and chemistry.
Thomas J. Manz became one of our directors in July 2006. He was chairman of the board of Pacific Coast Bankers Bank, of San Francisco, California, from April 2001 until April 2005. He was also the co-chairman and chair of the audit committee of the board of Western Sierra National Bank, Cameron Park, California, from 1997 to 2005. Mr. Manz was chairman of the board of Chapeau, Inc., a company in the energy services sector, from February 2001 to October 2004. Mr. Manz has also been a managing member of KMS Development, LLC, from 1997 to the present, and a director of Commercial Building Specialists, Inc., from 2000 to the present. Mr. Manz graduated in 1971 with a B.S. from Iowa State University.
Mr. Freiheit spends approximately one-half of his time on our business. Mr. Manz spends approximately eight hours per month on our business.
Board of Directors’ Committees
Thomas J. Manz is considered an independent member of our board of directors under NASD Rule 4200(a)(15).
Code of Ethics
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all of its employees, including its principal executive officer, principal financial officer and its principal accounting officer. The Code of Ethics is included as an exhibit to this report, and is available on the Company’s website:
www.paxtonenergyinc.com/company/code_of_ethics.php.
Corporate Governance Matters
We have not adopted any material changes to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to our board of directors.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires the Company’s directors and executive officers, and persons that own more than 10% of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities, to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of equity securities of the Company. Officers, directors and greater than 10% stockholders are required to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.
Based solely upon a review of Forms 3, 4 and 5 and amendments thereto filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission during or respecting the last fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, no person that, at any time during the most recent fiscal year, was a director, officer, beneficial owner of more than 10% of any class of equity securities of the Company, or any other person known to be subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act failed to file, on a timely basis, reports required by Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, except that Thomas Manz, our director, sold 235,861 shares of our common stock in one transaction in December 2008.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Executive Compensation
The following table sets forth, for the last two completed fiscal years (or such lesser period that we have been in existence), the dollar value of all cash and noncash compensation earned by any person who was our principal executive officer and each of our other two most highly compensated executive officers whose total compensation exceeded $100,000 during the last fiscal year (together, the “Named Executive Officers”):
Name and Principal Position | Year Ended Dec. 31 | | Salary ($) | | | Bonus ($) | | | Stock Award(s) ($) | | | Option Awards $(1) | | | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation | | | Change in Pension Value and Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) | | | All Other Compensation ($) | | | Total ($) | |
(a) | (b) | | (c) | | | (d) | | | (e) | | | (f) | | | (g) | | | (h) | | | (i) | | | (j) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Robert Freiheit, Chairman | 2008 | | $ | 17,800 | (1) | | | -- | | | | -- | | | | -- | | | | -- | | | | -- | | | | -- | | | $ | 17,800 | |
Chief Executive Officer | 2007 | | $ | 106,800 | | | | -- | | | | -- | | | | -- | | | | -- | | | | -- | | | | -- | | | $ | 106,800 | |
_______________
(1) | In January and February of 2008, Mr. Freiheit was paid a salary of $8,900 per month. As of March 2008, Mr. Freiheit no longer receives a salary. |
We have not granted any options or similar equity awards to any Named Executive Officer during 2008.
We have not granted any options or stock appreciation rights, or SARs, during the last completed fiscal year to our Named Executive Officers.
No Named Executive Officer exercised any options or SARs during the last completed fiscal year or owned any unexercised options or SARs at the end of the fiscal year. However, Mr. Manz, our director, continues to own options to purchase 375,000 shares of common stock granted to him by us on July 19, 2006.
Directors’ Compensation
The following table sets forth the compensation paid to each director who was not a Named Executive Officer during the year ended December 31, 2008.
Name | | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) | | | Stock Awards ($) | | | Option Awards ($) | | | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) | | | Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) | | | All Other Compensation ($) | | | Total ($) | |
(a) | | (b) | | | (c) | | | (d) | | | (e) | | | (f) | | | (g) | | | (h) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Thomas J. Manz | | | -- | | | | -- | | | | -- | | | | -- | | | | -- | | | | | | | -- | |
We paid no compensation to Mr. Manz in 2008.
Employment Agreements, Termination of Employment, and Change in Control
During the first two months of 2008 Robert Freiheit was employed as an officer and director under a non-written arrangement whereby Mr. Freiheit was employed on a month-by-month basis and paid a salary of $8,900 per month. As of March 2008, Mr. Freiheit continues to act as an officer and director but no longer receives a salary and will not receive a salary in the future unless approved by the board. This arrangement does not address or contemplate any termination compensation or other renumeration to Mr. Freiheit beyond such monthly salary. We have no written or other employment arrangements with any other executive officer and do not currently pay, or propose to pay, any compensation to any other executive officer. However, from time to time in the future, our board of directors may provide compensation in the form of cash, stock, or stock purchase options to one or more of such persons. Such transactions will not be the result of arm’s-length negotiations.
Equity Compensation Plans
We had no equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2008.
Indemnification of Officers and Directors
Our articles of incorporation and bylaws provide for the indemnification of our officers, directors, and others to the maximum extent permitted by Nevada law. Accordingly, our officers and directors would be entitled to indemnification under a variety of circumstances, which may include liabilities under the Securities Act.
Insofar as indemnification under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers, and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is contrary to public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and, therefore, is unenforceable.
Limitation on Liability
Our articles of incorporation limit the liability of directors to the maximum extent permitted by Nevada law. In addition, our bylaws require us to indemnify our directors and officers and allow us to indemnify our other employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted at law. At present, we are aware of no material pending litigation or proceeding involving any director, officer, employee, or agent in which indemnification will be required or permitted. We are not aware of any threatened litigation or proceeding that might result in a claim for indemnification. If we permit indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act to directors, officers, or controlling persons under these provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is unenforceable.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table sets forth, as of the date of this prospectus, the outstanding common stock owned of record or beneficially by each person who owned of record, or was known by us, to own beneficially, more than 5% of the shares of common stock issued and outstanding, and the name and share holdings of each director and all of the executive officers and directors as a group:
Person or Group | Nature of Ownership(1) | | Number | | | Percent(2) | |
| | | | | | | |
Principal Stockholders: | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Keith J. McKenzie(3) | Common stock | | | 1,929,286 | | | | 8.2 | % |
Suite 1807-610 Granville St. Vancouver, B.C. V6C-3T3 Canada | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Robert Freiheit(4) | Common stock | | | 4,288,328 | | | | 18.2 | |
1095 Myron Court Zephyr Cove, NV 89448 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Howard S. Landa(5) | Common stock | | | 1,891,501 | | | | 8.0 | |
3000 Connor Street, Unit 6 | Warrants | | | 30,000 | | | | * | |
Salt Lake City, UT 84109 | | | | 1,921,501 | | | | 8.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Thomas J. Manz | Common stock | | | 481,282 | | | | 2.0 | |
4210 East Lane | Warrants | | | 100,000 | | | | * | |
Sacramento, CA 95864 | Options | | | 375,000 | | | | 1.6 | |
| | | | 956,282 | | | | 4.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Directors: | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Robert Freiheit | --see above-- | |
| | |
Thomas J. Manz | --see above-- | |
| | | | | | | | | |
All Executive Officers and Directors as a Group (two persons): | Common stock | | | 4,769,610 | | | | 20.2 | % |
| Warrants | | | 100,000 | | | | * | |
| Options | | | 375,000 | | | | 1.6 | |
| Total | | | 5,244,610 | | | | 21.8 | % |
_______________
(1) | Except as otherwise noted, shares are owned beneficially and of record, and such record stockholder has sole voting, investment, and dispositive power. |
(2) | Calculations of total percentages of ownership for each person or group assume the exercise of options and warrants owned by that person or group to which the percentage relates pursuant to Rule 13d-3(d)(1)(i). |
(3) | Amount includes 229,286 shares held by Tanye Capital Corp., which is controlled by Mr. McKenzie. |
(4) | Amount includes 333,229 shares held by Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. as custodian for Mr. Freiheit, and 1,082,108 shares owned by members of Mr. Freiheit's family. |
(5) | Amount includes 435,572 shares held by Pamplona, Inc., of which Mr. Landa is an officer, and 90,000 shares held by the spouse of Mr. Landa, Terry E. Landa; 150,000 shares held by DWC Holdings, LLC, of which Terry E. Landa is the manager; and 511,429 shares held by Auction Specialists, Inc., of which Mr. Landa is an officer. |
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
We had no related party transactions in 2008.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Audit Fees
We were billed $36,650 for professional services rendered for the audit and reviews of our 2008 annual and interim financial statements. We were billed $27,749 for professional services rendered for the audit and reviews of our 2007 annual and interim financial statements.
Audit Related Fees
For our fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, we did not incur any audit related fees.
Tax Fees
During our fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, we were billed $2,370 and $2,202, respectively, for professional services rendered for tax compliance.
Audit and Non-Audit Service Preapproval Policy
In accordance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the board of directors has, as of May 19, 2008, adopted an informal approval policy that it believes will result in an effective and efficient procedure to preapprove services performed by the independent registered public accounting firm. Prior to adoption of this approval policy, audit and non-audit services performed by the independent registered public accounting firm were preapproved primarily at the discretion of the principal executive officer who is also the principal financial and accounting officer.
Audit Services. Audit services include the annual financial statement audit (including quarterly reviews) and other procedures required to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm to be able to form an opinion on our financial statements. The board of directors preapproves specified annual audit services engagement terms and fees and other specified audit fees. All other audit services must be specifically preapproved by the board of directors. The board of directors monitors the audit services engagement and may approve, if necessary, any changes in terms, conditions, and fees resulting from changes in audit scope or other items.
Audit-Related Services. Audit-related services are assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements which historically have been provided to us by the independent registered public accounting firm and are consistent with the SEC’s rules on auditor independence. The board of directors preapproves specified audit-related services within preapproved fee levels. All other audit-related services must be preapproved by the board of directors.
Tax Services. The board of directors preapproves specified tax services that the Audit Committee believes would not impair the independence of the independent registered public accounting firm and that are consistent with SEC rules and guidance. The board of directors must specifically approve all other tax services.
All Other Services. Other services are services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm that do not fall within the established audit, audit-related, and tax services categories. The board of directors preapproves specified other services that do not fall within any of the specified prohibited categories of services.
Procedures. All proposals for services to be provided by the independent registered public accounting firm, which must include a detailed description of the services to be rendered and the amount of corresponding fees, are submitted to the board of directors and the Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer authorizes services that have been preapproved by the board of directors. If there is any question as to whether a proposed service fits within a preapproved service, the board of directors is consulted for a determination. The Chief Financial Officer submits requests or applications to provide services that have not been preapproved by the board of directors, which must include an affirmation by the Chief Financial Officer and the independent registered public accounting firm that the request or application is consistent with the SEC’s rules on auditor independence, to the board of directors (or its Chair or any of its other members pursuant to delegated authority) for approval.
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number* | | Title of Document | | Location |
| | | | |
Item 3. | | Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws | | |
3.01 | | Articles of Incorporation | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on August 1, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
3.02 | | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Paxton Energy, Inc. | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A (Amendment No. 1) filed on December 21, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
3.03 | | Bylaws of Paxton Energy, Inc. (as amended and restated October 1, 2005) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on August 1, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
| | | | |
Item 4. | | Instruments Defining the Rights of Holders, Including Indentures | | |
4.01 | | Specimen stock certificate | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on August 1, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
4.02 | | Form of Warrant | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on August 1, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
| | | | |
Item 5. | | Opinion re: Legality | | |
5.01 | | Opinion of Kruse Landa Maycock & Ricks, LLC | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on August 1, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
| | | | |
Item 10. | | Material Contracts | | |
10.01 | | Bayshore Exploration L.L.C. letter to Paxton Energy, Inc., dated April 20, 2005, re: Area of Mutual Interest and Lease Options (Cooke No. 3 Well-Cooke Ranch Deep Prospect) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on August 1, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.02 | | Bayshore Exploration L.L.C. letter to Paxton Energy, Inc., dated April 20, 2005, re: Leases & Options (AMI-Cooke Ranch Deep Prospect) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on August 1, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
Exhibit Number* | | Title of Document | | Location |
| | | | |
10.03 | | Participation Agreement between Paxton Energy, Inc., and Bayshore Exploration L.L.C. dated June 6, 2005 (Cooke No. 3 Well-Cooke Ranch Deep Prospect) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A (Amendment No. 1) filed on December 21, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.04 | | Farm-In Participation Agreement between Paxton Energy, Inc. and Maxim Resources, Inc. dated July 25, 2005 (Cooke No. 3 Well-Cooke Ranch Deep Prospect) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A (Amendment No. 1) filed on December 21, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.05 | | Participation Agreement between Paxton Energy, Inc. and Bayshore Exploration L.L.C. dated July 28, 2005 (Cooke No. 3 Well-Cooke Ranch Deep Prospect) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A (Amendment No. 1) filed on December 21, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.06 | | Participation Agreement between Paxton Energy, Inc. and Bayshore Exploration L.L.C. dated November 20, 2005 (Cartwright No. 1 Well-Cooke Ranch Deep Prospect) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on August 1, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.07 | | Purchase Agreement between Paxton Energy, Inc. and Bayshore Exploration L.L.C. dated December 30, 2005 (Cartwright No. 1 Well-Cooke Ranch Deep Prospect) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A (Amendment No. 1) filed on December 21, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.08 | | Promissory Note for $300,000 dated February 1, 2006, payable to Robert Freiheit | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on August 1, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.09 | | Secured Convertible Note Purchase Agreement dated February 1, 2006 | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on August 1, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.10 | | Lease Acquisition Agreement between Paxton Energy, Inc. and Bayshore Exploration L.L.C. dated March 16, 2006 (3,200 Acres M/L, La Salle County, TX) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A (Amendment No. 1) filed on December 21, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.11 | | Exploration Agreement between Bayshore Exploration LLC and Paxton Energy, Inc., executed April 17, 2006, effective March 1, 2006 (Cooke No. 3 Well-Cooke Ranch Deep Prospect) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A (Amendment No. 1) filed on December 21, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
Exhibit Number* | | Title of Document | | Location |
| | | | |
10.12 | | Form of Registration Rights Agreement with related schedule | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on August 1, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.13 | | Amendment to Lease Acquisition Agreement between Paxton Energy, Inc. and Bayshore Exploration L.L.C. dated June 13, 2006 (3,200 Acres M/L, La Salle County, TX) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on August 1, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.14 | | Notice of Option Grant (Thomas Manz) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A (Amendment No. 1) filed on December 21, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.15 | | Option Agreement between Paxton Energy, Inc., and Bayshore Exploration L.L.C. dated October 22, 2006 (Cooke No. 2 Well-Cooke Ranch Deep Prospect) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A (Amendment No. 1) filed on December 21, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.16 | | Participation Agreement between Paxton Energy, Inc., and Bayshore Exploration L.L.C. dated November 7, 2006 (McDermand No. 1 Well-South Nome Field Prospect) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A (Amendment No. 1) filed on December 21, 2006, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.17 | | Farmout Agreement between Paxton Energy, Inc., and Bayshore Exploration L.L.C. dated January 10, 2007 (Fiedler No. 1 Well-Storey Ranch Prospect) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A (Amendment No. 2) filed on March 19, 2007, SEC File No. 333-136199. |
10.18 | | Bayshore Exploration L.L.C., letter to Paxton Energy, Inc., dated July 21, 2008, re: Amendment of Exploration Agreement of March 1, 2006. | | Incorporated by reference from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed August 19, 2008 |
10.19 | | Bayshore Exploraiton L.L.C., letter to Paxton Energy, Inc., dated July 21, 2008, re: Election to Participate in 220 Acre Lease. | | Incorporated by reference from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed August 19, 2008 |
10.20 | | Form of Secured Promissory Note, dated September 3, 2008, with related schedule of holders | | Incorporated by reference from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed November 19, 2008 |
10.21 | | Form of Security Agreement, dated September 3, 2008, with related schedule of secured parties | | Incorporated by reference from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed November 19, 2008 |
10.22 | | Assignment and Bill of Sale related to Sale of Working Interest in Cook No. 6 (21.75% working interest) effective September 1, 2008 | | Incorporated by reference from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed November 19, 2008 |
Exhibit Number* | | Title of Document | | Location |
| | | | |
Item 31. | | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications | | |
31.01 | | Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14 | | This filing. |
| | | | |
Item 32. | | Section 1350 Certifications | | |
32.01 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | | This filing. |
_______________
* | The number preceding the decimal indicates the applicable SEC reference number in Item 601, and the number following the decimal indicating the sequence of the particular document. |
SIGNATURES
In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| PAXTON ENERGY, INC. |
| | |
| | |
Date: April 21, 2009 | By: | /s/ Robert Freiheit |
| | Robert Freiheit, President and Director |
| | Principal Executive Officer |
| | Principal Financial and Accounting Officer |
In accordance with the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
| |
Date: April 21, 2009 | /s/ Thomas J. Manz |
| Thomas J. Manz, Director |
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Page |
| |
| |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | F-2 |
| |
Balance Sheets – December 31, 2008 and 2007 | F-3 |
| |
Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, and for the Cumulative Period from June 30, 2004 (Date of Inception) through December 31, 2008 | F-4 |
| |
Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Period from June 30, 2004 (Date of Inception) through December 31, 2006 and for the Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 | F-5 |
| |
Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, and for the Cumulative Period from June 30, 2004 (Date of Inception) through December 31, 2008 | F-6 |
| |
Notes to Financial Statements | F-7 |
| |
Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited) | F-20 |
HANSEN, BARNETT& MAXWELL, P.C. | | |
A Professional Corporation | | Registered with the Public Company |
CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS | | Accounting Oversight Board |
5 Triad Center, Suite 750 | | |
Salt Lake City, UT 84180-1128 | | |
Phone: (801) 532-2200 Fax: (801) 532-7944 | | |
www.hbmcpas.com | | A Member of the Forum of Firms |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and the Shareholders
Paxton Energy, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Paxton Energy, Inc. (an exploration-stage company) as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the related statements of operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for the years then ended and for the cumulative period from June 30, 2004 (date of inception) through December 31, 2008. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Paxton Energy, Inc. (an exploration-stage company) as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended and for the cumulative period from June 30, 2004 (date of inception) through December 31, 2008, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company is in the development stage and during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, incurred losses from operations and had negative cash flows from operating activities. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had a working capital deficiency of $1,033,528. The Company has accumulated a deficit of $6,678,912 from the date of inception through December 31, 2008. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans regarding these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
| HANSEN, BARNETT & MAXWELL, P.C. |
Salt Lake City, Utah
April 13, 2009
PAXTON ENERGY, INC. | |
(AN EXPLORATION-STAGE COMPANY) | |
BALANCE SHEETS | |
| | | | | | |
| | December 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | | | | |
ASSETS |
| | | | | | |
Current Assets | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 27,523 | | | $ | 117,210 | |
Receivable from attorney's trust account | | | 77,478 | | | $ | - | |
Accounts receivable | | | 4,076 | | | | 18,487 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 10,410 | | | | 16,128 | |
Total Current Assets | | | 119,487 | | | | 151,825 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Property and Equipment, net of accumulated depreciation | | | 2,428 | | | | 2,790 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Oil and gas properties, using full cost accounting | | | 587,886 | | | | 2,846,766 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Assets | | $ | 709,801 | | | $ | 3,001,381 | |
| | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) |
| | | | | | | | |
Current Liabilities | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | $ | 231,221 | | | $ | 219,944 | |
Accrued liabilities | | | 6,750 | | | | 4,000 | |
Payable to Bayshore Exploration L.L.C. | | | 79,903 | | | | 358,303 | |
Notes payable, less unamortized discount of $25,806 | | | 199,194 | | | | - | |
Notes payable to related parties | | | 75,000 | | | | - | |
Accrued registration right penalties and interest | | | 560,947 | | | | 500,209 | |
Total Current Liabilities | | | 1,153,015 | | | | 1,082,456 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Long-Term Asset Retirement Obligation | | | 34,520 | | | | 35,076 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized, one issued and outstanding | | | - | | | | - | |
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 23,586,139 shares issued and outstanding | | | 23,586 | | | | 23,586 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 7,243,887 | | | | 7,229,177 | |
Retained earnings (deficit) | | | (1,066,295 | ) | | | (1,066,295 | ) |
Deficit accumulated during the exploration stage | | | (6,678,912 | ) | | | (4,302,619 | ) |
Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) | | | (477,734 | ) | | | 1,883,849 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) | | $ | 709,801 | | | $ | 3,001,381 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC. | |
(AN EXPLORATION-STAGE COMPANY) | |
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | For the Period from | |
| | | | | | | | June 30, 2004 | |
| | For the Year Ended | | | (Date of Inception) | |
| | December 31, | | | through | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | December 31, 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Oil and gas revenues, net | | $ | 49,485 | | | $ | 96,338 | | | $ | 330,019 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Costs and Operating Expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Lease operating expenses | | | 47,439 | | | | 42,090 | | | | 115,683 | |
Impairment loss on oil and gas properties | | | 2,077,351 | | | | - | | | | 3,816,896 | |
Accretion of asset retirement obligations | | | 3,159 | | | | 2,212 | | | | 6,214 | |
General and administrative expense | | | 236,147 | | | | 674,477 | | | | 1,582,158 | |
Stock-based compensation | | | - | | | | 444,500 | | | | 1,468,575 | |
Total costs and operating expenses | | | 2,364,096 | | | | 1,163,279 | | | | 6,989,526 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss from operations | | | (2,314,611 | ) | | | (1,066,941 | ) | | | (6,659,507 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other income (expense) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 368 | | | | 20,038 | | | | 63,982 | |
Gain on derivative liability valuation | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,066,295 | |
Gain on transfer of common stock from Bayshore Exploration, L.L.C. | | | 24,000 | | | | - | | | | 24,000 | |
Interest expense | | | (73,147 | ) | | | (57,965 | ) | | | (203,407 | ) |
Interest expense from amortization of discount on secured convertible notes and other debt | | | (12,903 | ) | | | - | | | | (970,275 | ) |
| | | (61,682 | ) | | | (37,927 | ) | | | (19,405 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Loss | | $ | (2,376,293 | ) | | $ | (1,104,868 | ) | | $ | (6,678,912 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share | | $ | (0.10 | ) | | $ | (0.05 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and Diluted Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding | | | 23,586,139 | | | | 23,172,194 | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC. | |
(AN EXPLORATION-STAGE COMPANY) | |
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) | |
For the Period from June 30, 2004 (Date of Inception) through December 31, 2006 and | |
For the Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Deficit | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Accumulated | | | Total | |
| | | | | | | | Additional | | | Retained | | | During the | | | Stockholders' | |
| | Common Stock | | | Paid-In | | | Earnings | | | Exploration | | | Equity | |
| | Shares | | | Amount | | | Capital | | | (Deficit) | | | Stage | | | (Deficit) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance - June 30, 2004 (Date of Inception) | | | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stock-based compensation for services of founder, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
June 2004, $0.01 per share | | | 10,000,000 | | | | 10,000 | | | | 90,000 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 100,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of shares for cash, June 2004, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
$0.01 per share | | | 5,000,000 | | | | 5,000 | | | | 45,000 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 50,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of shares for cash, June 2005, $0.35 per | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
share, less offering costs of $14,188 | | | 442,516 | | | | 443 | | | | 140,250 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 140,693 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of shares in connection with acquisition | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
of oil and gas property, June 2005, $0.75 per share | | | 507,000 | | | | 507 | | | | 379,743 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 380,250 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stock-based compensation for services during 2005, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
$0.35 per share | | | 950,000 | | | | 950 | | | | 331,550 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 332,500 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of shares to the chief executive officer | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
for 2005 compensation liability, January 2006, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
$0.35 per share | | | 350,000 | | | | 350 | | | | 122,150 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 122,500 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of beneficial conversion features and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
shares in conjunction with the issuance of secured | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
convertible notes and other debt, February 2006 | | | 223,800 | | | | 224 | | | | 967,244 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 967,468 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Conversion of secured convertible notes into | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
shares, April 2006, $0.35 per share | | | 2,625,723 | | | | 2,625 | | | | 916,375 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 919,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of shares and 1,269,250 warrants for cash, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
less offering and registration costs of $375,848 and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
derivative liability of $1,467,704, April 2006, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
$1.25 per share | | | 2,452,100 | | | | 2,452 | | | | 1,219,121 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,221,573 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of shares in connection with acquisition | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
of oil and gas properties, March 2006, $2.10 per | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
share | | | 100,000 | | | | 100 | | | | 209,900 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 210,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of shares in connection with acquisition | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
of oil and gas properties, June 2006, $2.35 per | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
share | | | 300,000 | | | | 300 | | | | 704,700 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 705,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stock-based compensation for services, March | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2006, $2.75 per share | | | 25,000 | | | | 25 | | | | 68,725 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 68,750 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stock-based compensation for options granted, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
July 2006 | | | - | | | | - | | | | 522,825 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 522,825 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reclassification of warrants subject to registration | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
payment arrangement from derivative liability, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
October 1, 2006 | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,067,704 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,067,704 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cumulative-effect adjustment of change in accounting | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
method for registration payment arrangements, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
October 1, 2006 | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (1,066,295 | ) | | | - | | | | (1,066,295 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (3,197,751 | ) | | | (3,197,751 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance - December 31, 2006 | | | 22,976,139 | | | | 22,976 | | | | 6,785,287 | | | | (1,066,295 | ) | | | (3,197,751 | ) | | | 2,544,217 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stock-based compensation for services, August | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
to November 2007, $0.46 to $0.90 per share | | | 610,000 | | | | 610 | | | | 443,890 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 444,500 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (1,104,868 | ) | | | (1,104,868 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance - December 31, 2007 | | | 23,586,139 | | | | 23,586 | | | | 7,229,177 | | | | (1,066,295 | ) | | | (4,302,619 | ) | | | 1,883,849 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common stock contributed to the Company by | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Bayshore Exploration L.L.C., September 2008 | | | (300,000 | ) | | | (300 | ) | | | (23,700 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (24,000 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common stock contributed to the Company by | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Chief Operating Officer, September 2008 | | | (300,000 | ) | | | (300 | ) | | | 300 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common stock issed in connection with the | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
issuance of notes payable, September 2008 | | | 600,000 | | | | 600 | | | | 38,110 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 38,710 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (2,376,293 | ) | | | (2,376,293 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance - December 31, 2008 | | | 23,586,139 | | | $ | 23,586 | | | $ | 7,243,887 | | | $ | (1,066,295 | ) | | $ | (6,678,912 | ) | | $ | (477,734 | ) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC. | |
(AN EXPLORATION-STAGE COMPANY) | |
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | For the Period from | |
| | | | | | | | June 30, 2004 | |
| | For the Year Ended | | | (Date of Inception) | |
| | December 31, | | | through | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | December 31, 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Cash Flows From Operating Activities | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (2,376,293 | ) | | $ | (1,104,868 | ) | | $ | (6,678,912 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Impairment loss on oil and gas properties | | | 2,077,351 | | | | - | | | | 3,816,896 | |
Stock-based compensation for services | | | - | | | | 444,500 | | | | 1,468,575 | |
Gain on derivative liability valuation | | | - | | | | - | | | | (1,066,295 | ) |
Interest expense from amortization of discount on secured convertible notes and other debt | | | 12,903 | | | | - | | | | 970,275 | |
Gain on transfer of common stock from Bayshore Exploration, L.L.C. | | | (24,000 | ) | | | - | | | | (24,000 | ) |
Accretion of asset retirement obligations | | | 3,159 | | | | 2,212 | | | | 6,214 | |
Depreciation expense | | | 1,499 | | | | 1,128 | | | | 2,735 | |
Changes in assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | | | 31,229 | | | | (1,724 | ) | | | 12,742 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 5,718 | | | | 22,134 | | | | (10,410 | ) |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | | | 11,400 | | | | 142,734 | | | | 380,570 | |
Accrued registration rights penalties and interest | | | 60,738 | | | | 92,431 | | | | 153,169 | |
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities | | | (196,296 | ) | | | (401,453 | ) | | | (968,441 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Acquisition of oil and gas properties | | | (39,776 | ) | | | (231,275 | ) | | | (1,916,515 | ) |
Purchase of property and equipment | | | (1,137 | ) | | | (712 | ) | | | (5,163 | ) |
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities | | | (40,913 | ) | | | (231,987 | ) | | | (1,921,678 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of registration and offering costs | | | - | | | | - | | | | 2,879,970 | |
Proceeds from issuance of secured convertible notes and other debt, and related beneficial conversion features and common stock, less amounts held in attorney's trust account | | | 147,522 | | | | - | | | | 777,522 | |
Proceeds from related parties for issuance of secured convertible notes and other debt, and related beneficial conversion features and common stock | | | 75,000 | | | | - | | | | 150,000 | |
Payment of payable to Bayshore Exploration L.L.C. | | | (75,000 | ) | | | - | | | | (489,600 | ) |
Payment of principal on notes payable to stockholder | | | - | | | | - | | | | (325,000 | ) |
Payment of principal on note payable | | | - | | | | - | | | | (75,250 | ) |
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities | | | 147,522 | | | | - | | | | 2,917,642 | |
Net Increase (Decrease) In Cash And Cash Equivalents | | | (89,687 | ) | | | (633,440 | ) | | | 27,523 | |
Cash and Cash Equivalents At Beginning Of Year | | | 117,210 | | | | 750,650 | | | | - | |
Cash and Cash Equivalents At End Of Year | | $ | 27,523 | | | $ | 117,210 | | | $ | 27,523 | |
Supplemental Schedule of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities – Note 11
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
(AN EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization and Nature of Operations – Paxton Energy, Inc. (the “Company”) was organized under the laws of the State of Nevada on June 30, 2004. During August 2004, shareholder control of the Company was transferred, a new board of directors was elected and new officers were appointed. During June 2005, the Company commenced acquiring working interests in oil and gas properties principally located in the Cooke Ranch prospect in LaSalle County, Texas. The Company is engaged primarily as a joint interest owner with Bayshore Exploration L.L.C. (Bayshore) in the acquisition, exploration, and development of oil and gas properties and the production and sale of oil and gas. Through December 31, 2008, the Company has participated in drilling ten wells. Additionally, the Company owns a working interest in the 8,843-acre balance of the Cooke Ranch prospect and has the right to participate in a program to acquire up to a 75% working interest in leases adjacent to the Cooke Ranch prospect, where, to date, the Company has acquired an interest in leases on approximately 2,268 gross acres. The Company is considered to be in the exploration stage due to the lack of significant revenues. Bayshore is sufficiently capitalized such that it is not a variable interest entity.
Business Condition – The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company has not had significant revenue and is still considered to be in the exploration stage. The Company incurred losses of $2,376,293 and $1,104,868 during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and used $196,296 and $401,453 of cash in its operating activities during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Through December 31, 2008, the Company has accumulated a deficit during the exploration stage of $6,678,912. At December 31, 2008, the Company has a working capital deficit of $1,033,528, including current liabilities of $1,153,015. The current liabilities are composed of accrued registration right penalties and interest of $560,947, notes payable (net of amortized discount) of $274,194, accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $237,971, and payables to Bayshore of $79,903. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
During the next 12 months, management will continue production from the Company’s La Salle County, Texas, wells. Additionally, the Company intends to rely on participation in farm-out agreements to provide additional cash to the Company. Under such farm-out agreements, various other parties undertake the operations of the wells with no cost to the Company. In these farm-outs, the Company will generally retain a rather small interest in the revenue of any particular well with the possibility of greater percentage participation after payout of the original costs of the wells to the other party. As described in Note 2 to these financial statements, the Company has entered into a farm-out agreement related to its interest in a lease of 220 acres in LaSalle County, Texas. Depending upon the success of the farm-outs, the Company may also put some of its leasehold interest up for sale.
Without additional sources of cash, the Company will be unable to substantially reduce its working capital deficit or reduce its current liabilities, including those that are substantially past due. The Company’s creditors may not continue to forbear from collection efforts. Management’s external financing efforts may be impaired by the Company’s limited revenues, as well as the limited liquidity for the Company’s common stock. There is no assurance that additional capital funding would be available through private or public equity financing or bank financing, including any funds that the Company may seek from existing stockholders. Furthermore, outside events such as the price of oil, the condition of the stock market, and interest rate levels could affect the Company’s ability to obtain financing. The Company has no financing arrangements with any person to obtain additional funding on any terms and cannot assure that it will be able to do so. If the Company is unable to obtain additional capital funding, it may be required to sell assets, reduce its holdings of oil and gas properties or merge with another entity in order to generate sufficient cash to liquidate its liabilities.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
(AN EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The carrying value of oil and gas properties are particularly susceptible to change in the near term. Changes could occur from obtaining additional information regarding its fair value.
Property and Equipment – Property and equipment consist of office equipment. Useful lives range from 3-5 years. Depreciation is charged to operations on a straight-line basis. Property and equipment consisted of the following at December 31, 2008 and 2007:
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | | | | |
Office equipment | | $ | 5,163 | | | $ | 4,026 | |
Less accumulated depreciation | | | (2,735 | ) | | | (1,236 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Property and equipment, net | | $ | 2,428 | | | $ | 2,790 | |
Depreciation expense was $1,499 and $1,128 for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Oil and Gas Properties – The Company follows the full cost method of accounting for oil and gas properties. Under this method, all costs associated with acquisition, exploration, and development of oil and gas reserves, including directly related overhead costs and related asset retirement costs, are capitalized. Costs capitalized include acquisition costs, geological and geophysical expenditures, lease rentals on undeveloped properties, and costs of drilling and equipping productive and nonproductive wells. Drilling costs include directly related overhead costs. Capitalized costs are categorized either as being subject to amortization or not subject to amortization.
All capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, including the estimated future costs to develop proved reserves, will be amortized, once proved reserves are determined to exist, on the unit-of-production method using estimates of proved reserves. The Company has not yet obtained a reserve report because the properties are considered to be in the exploration stage, management has not completed an evaluation of the properties and the properties have had limited oil and gas exploration and production. At December 31, 2008, there were no capitalized costs subject to amortization. Investments in unproved properties and major development projects are not amortized until proved reserves associated with the projects can be determined or until impairment occurs. If the results of an assessment indicate that the properties are impaired, the amount of the impairment is added to the capitalized costs to be amortized. Until properties subject to amortization are identified, the amount of impairment is charged to operations.
In addition, the capitalized costs are subject to a “ceiling test,” which basically limits such costs to the aggregate of the “estimated present value,” based on the projected future net revenues from proved reserves, discounted at 10% per annum to present value of future net revenues from proved reserves, based on current economic and operating conditions, plus the lower of cost or fair market value of unproved properties.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
(AN EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
The Company has performed evaluations of its oil and gas properties during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, including as of December 31, 2008. As a result of these evaluations, management noted that estimated future cash flows associated with the producing wells were not sufficient to realize the capitalized costs relating to the leasehold interests at December 31, 2008. The Company has also considered the current market conditions in the evaluation of the properties for impairment, including the decrease in oil and gas commodity prices. Based on these evaluations, the Company recognized an impairment loss on its oil and gas properties in the amount of $2,077,351 during the year ended December 31, 2008, of which $877,351 was recognized in the fourth quarter.
Sales of proved and unproved properties are accounted for as adjustments of capitalized costs with no gain or loss recognized, unless such adjustments would significantly alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves of oil and gas, in which case the gain or loss is recognized in the results of operations. Abandonments of properties are accounted for as adjustments of capitalized costs with no loss recognized.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets – Long-lived assets, such as oil and gas properties and property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or asset group to estimated future undiscounted net cash flows of the related asset or group of assets over their remaining lives. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future undiscounted cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. Impairment of long-lived assets is assessed at the lowest levels for which there are identifiable cash flows that are independent of other groups of assets. The impairment of long-lived assets requires judgments and estimates. If circumstances change, such estimates could also change. As a result of the impairment analysis, the Company recognized impairment on the Company’s oil and gas properties in the amount of $2,077,351 during the year ended December 31, 2008.
Revenue Recognition – All revenues are derived from the sale of produced crude oil and natural gas. Revenue and related production taxes and lease operating expenses are recorded in the month the product is delivered to the purchaser. Payment for the revenue, net of related taxes and lease operating expenses, is received from the operator of the well approximately 45 days after the month of delivery. Accounts receivable are stated at the amount management expects to collect. Management provides for probable uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to an allowance based on its assessment of the collectibility of the receivable. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, no allowance for doubtful accounts was deemed necessary.
Stock-Based Compensation - - The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock-based awards expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award based on their grant date fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes option pricing model which requires management to make estimates for certain assumptions regarding risk-free interest rate, expected life of options, expected volatility of stock and expected dividend yield of stock.
Income Taxes – Provisions for income taxes are based on taxes payable or refundable and deferred taxes. Deferred taxes are provided on differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements and tax operating loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are included in the financial statements at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
(AN EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
Cash Equivalents – The Company considers all highly liquid investments having an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share – Basic loss per share amounts are computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted loss per share amounts are computed assuming the issuance of common stock for potentially dilutive common stock equivalents. All outstanding stock options and warrants are currently antidilutive and have been excluded from the diluted loss per share calculations. None of the 1,644,250 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of options and warrants were included in the computation of diluted loss per share during the years ended December 31, 2008 or 2007.
Concentrations of Risk – The Company’s operations to date have exclusively been concentrated in the exploration and development of oil and gas properties, principally in La Salle County, Texas. Substantially all oil and gas properties have been acquired through agreements with Bayshore Exploration L.L.C., which acquires and sells interests in the leaseholds, sells participation interests in the leaseholds and wells, and manages the exploration and development as operator of the properties. All revenue through December 31, 2008, and all of the accounts receivable at December 31, 2008 and 2007, have been from the operator of the wells in production, which was Alamo Operating Company through July 2007 and Bayshore Exploration, L.L.C. from August 2007 through December 2008.
Fair Values of Financial Instruments – The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for accounts receivable, receivable from attorney’s trust account, accounts payable, payable to Bayshore Exploration, L.L.C., notes payable, notes payable to related parties, accrued liabilities, accrued registration right penalties and interest approximate fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments. The asset retirement obligation is stated at fair value computed using a discount rate that approximates the current market rate.
Reclassifications – Certain 2007 amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2008 presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on net loss presented for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements – In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS 157). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This statement is effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2008 for financial assets and liabilities and January 1, 2009 for non-financial assets and liabilities. The adoption of SFAS 157 for financial assets and liabilities on January 1, 2008 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. Management is currently evaluating the impact of SFAS 157 for non-financial assets and liabilities, if any, on the reporting of its financial position and results of operations.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (SFAS 159). SFAS 159 allowed the measurement of eligible financial assets and liabilities at fair value that were not otherwise measured at fair value. SFAS 159 also established presentation and disclosure requirements designed to draw comparison between the different measurement attributes the Company elects for similar types of assets and liabilities. On January 1, 2008, the Company elected not to adjust any of its assets or liabilities to fair value. Therefore, the adoption of SFAS 159 did not have any impact on its financial position or results of operations.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
(AN EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations (SFAS 141(R)), which replaces SFAS 141, Business Combinations. SFAS 141(R) retains the underlying concepts of SFAS 141 in that all business combinations are still required to be accounted for at fair value under the acquisition method of accounting, but SFAS 141(R) changed the method of applying the acquisition method in a number of significant aspects. Acquisition costs will generally be expensed as incurred; noncontrolling interests will be valued at fair value at the acquisition date; in-process research and development will be recorded at fair value as an indefinite-lived intangible asset at the acquisition date; restructuring costs associated with a business combination will generally be expensed subsequent to the acquisition date; and changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date generally will affect income tax expense. SFAS 141(R) is effective on a prospective basis for all business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual period subsequent to December 15, 2008, with the exception of the accounting for valuation allowances on deferred taxes and acquired tax contingencies. SFAS 141(R) amends SFAS 109 such that adjustments made to valuation allowances on deferred taxes and acquired tax contingencies associated with acquisitions that closed prior to the effective date of SFAS 141(R) would also apply the provisions of SFAS 141(R). Early adoption is not permitted. Management is currently evaluating the effects, if any, that SFAS 141(R) may have on the Company’s financial statements. Management does not expect that it will have any immediate effect on the Company’s financial statements; however, the revised standard will govern the accounting for any future business combinations that the Company may enter into.
NOTE 2 – OIL AND GAS PROPERTIES
During 2005, the Company commenced participation in oil and gas exploration and development activities with Bayshore in La Salle County, Texas. During 2005, the Company acquired from Bayshore a 31.75% working interest (23.8125% net revenue interest) in the Cooke Ranch prospect, consisting of approximately 8,883 acres. Drilling of the Cooke No. 3 well was completed in November 2005 and drilling of the Cartwright No. 1 well was commenced in 2005.
During 2006, the Company entered into an agreement with Bayshore to acquire a 50% working interest in approximately 3,200 acres of oil and gas leases and oil and gas lease options located in La Salle County, Texas, for the purpose of oil and gas exploration and production. The Company was also granted an option to increase its working interest in the leases to 75% within 90 days of the date of the agreement, on the same terms and conditions. On June 13, 2006, the Company exercised its option to increase its working interest to 75% (56.25% net revenue interest). To date, the Company has acquired a 75%working interest in approximately 2,268 gross acres.
Additionally during 2006, the Company entered into a Joint Exploration Agreement with Bayshore covering the 8,883 acres of the Cooke Ranch prospect. The Exploration Agreement provides for the Company and Bayshore to join together for the purpose of drilling exploratory wells and performing studies of the Cooke Ranch prospect acreage and acquiring additional prospective oil and gas properties on which to explore for, develop, and produce oil and gas.
During 2006, the Company participated in the drilling of an additional five wells and the completion of the Cartwright No. 1. Four of these wells, the Cooke No. 2, the Cooke No. 4, the Cooke No. 5, and the Cartwright No. 2 wells, are in the Cooke Ranch prospect. One additional well, the McDermand No. 1 well, was in process of being drilled at December 31, 2006 in participation with Howard Exploration in Jefferson County, Texas. Of the wells drilled during 2006, the Cooke No. 4 and the Cartwright No. 2 wells were dry, and were plugged and abandoned.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
(AN EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
During 2007, the Company participated in drilling two additional wells and the evaluation of the McDermand No. 1. The McDermand No. 1 well was drilled to total depth, was determined to be dry, and was plugged and abandoned. In January 2007, the Fiedler No. 1 well was drilled on acreage outside of Cooke Ranch in which the Company has an interest. The Company conveyed its 75% interest in the Fiedler No. 1 40-acre drilling location to Bayshore, subject to the Company’s right to earn an 18.75% working interest by paying for its share of completion costs. Bayshore obtained drilling funding from other sources for 100% of the costs of drilling to total depth. The Company exercised its right to earn an 18.75% working interest and paid its share of completion costs in February 2007. The Fiedler well commenced production in July 2007. In September 2007, drilling of the Cooke No. 6 was completed. The Company has a 31.75% working interest in the Cooke No. 6 well.
During 2008, Bayshore entered into a lease of 220 acres in LaSalle County, Texas within the area of mutual interest covered by the Exploration Agreement dated March 1, 2006. The Company exercised its right to purchase it proportionate share (31.75%) of that lease and paid Bayshore $17,463 for the Company’s share of the lease bonus and related expenses. In connection with that new lease, the Company entered into a participation in a farm out whereby the Company retained approximately a 4% fully carried working interest in the Cartwright No. 3 well drilled on the new lease by third parties.
In accordance with an amendment to the Exploration Agreement, the Company sold a 21.75% working interest in the Cooke No. 6 well effective September 1, 2008 for $164,993 and the proceeds were applied directly against the Company’s liability to Bayshore. The proceeds from the sale of the working interest were applied to reduce the carrying value of oil and gas properties, and no gain or loss was recognized on the sale. Additionally, from the proceeds of the issuance of notes payable described in Note 3 to these financial statements, the Company paid Bayshore $75,000 against the Company’s liability to Bayshore and Bayshore delivered to the Company 300,000 shares of restricted common stock.
In December 2008, the Fiedler No. 1 well was sold for salvage and the Company’s portion of the proceeds ($16,406) was applied against its liability to Bayshore.
At December 31, 2008, four wells (Cooke No. 2, Cooke No. 3, Cooke No. 6, and Cartwright No. 3) were either producing or were awaiting certain work over processes before being placed back into production, and two wells (Cooke No. 5 and Cartwright No. 1) are shut in awaiting further evaluation.
As described above, the Company has principally conducted its drilling operations in the Cooke Ranch prospect. At December 31, 2008, given that the Company is still considered to be in the exploration stage, a determination has not been made about the extent of oil reserves that should be classified as proved reserves. Consequently, the oil and gas properties have not been subjected to amortization of the full cost pool.
During 2006, the Company determined that capitalized costs for wells drilled were in excess of the present value of estimated future cash flows from those wells. As a result, the Company recognized an impairment loss in the amount of $1,739,545 during the year ended December 31, 2006. During 2008, the Company has again determined that capitalized costs for wells drilled are in excess of the present value of estimated future cash flows from those wells. As a result, the Company recognized additional impairment of $1,400,951 on wells drilled during the year ended December 31, 2008, reducing their carrying value to zero at December 31, 2008. Other oil and gas properties, including leasehold interest costs, exploration agreement costs, and geological and geophysical costs, are carried at the lower cost or fair market value. During the year ended December 31, 2008, management has also evaluated the carrying value of these other oil and gas properties and recognized impairment of $676,400, reducing their carrying value to $587,886, which reflects management’s judgment of the current fair value of leases for similar properties.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
(AN EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
At December 31, 2008 and 2007, oil and gas properties, net of impairment losses recognized, consist of the following:
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | | | | |
Drilling and exploration costs (unproved properties) | | $ | - | | | $ | 1,599,943 | |
Leasehold interest costs | | | 505,663 | | | | 930,800 | |
Exploration agreement cost | | | 1,200 | | | | 235,000 | |
Geological and geophysical costs | | | 81,023 | | | | 81,023 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 587,886 | | | $ | 2,846,766 | |
NOTE 3 – NOTES PAYABLE
In connection with the amendment of the Exploration Agreement, as discussed in Note 2 to these financial statements, or in anticipation of the issuance of the promissory notes discussed below, Bayshore and the Chief Operating Officer of the Company each transferred 300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to certain noteholders as an inducement to make loans to the Company. The shareholders of the Company suffered no dilution by reason of the transaction. For accounting purposes only, the transaction was treated as if the shares were first contributed to the Company by the principal shareholders and then reissued to the noteholders. The Company did not issue any rights or consideration to the Chief Operating Officer and therefore recognized the 300,000 shares received from him at no value. The common stock contributed to the Company by Bayshore was recognized as a concession from a creditor, was valued at its fair value of $24,000, or $0.08 per share, and, since the liability to Bayshore was not increased, the concession was recognized a $24,000 gain from the transfer of the common stock from Bayshore.
On September 3, 2008, the Company issued $200,000 of secured promissory notes and 600,000 shares of common stock, as described above, to three individuals. All of these noteholders are unaffiliated with the Company. The proceeds were allocated to the promissory notes and to the common stock issued based on their relative fair values. The resulting allocation was $161,290 to the promissory notes and $38,710 to the common stock. The allocation resulted in a $38,710 discount to the promissory notes, which is being amortized as a non-cash charge to interest expense over the term of the promissory notes based on effective interest rate of 35.2%. At December 31, 2008, the balance of the unamortized discount was $25,806. On September 3, 2008, the Company also issued a $25,000 secured promissory note to a shareholder and consultant to the Company and issued $75,000 of secured promissory notes to two individuals who are relatives of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. All of the promissory notes bear interest at 12% per annum, payable monthly. The promissory notes are due September 1, 2009 and are secured by all of the assets of the Company.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
(AN EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
The $300,000 of proceeds were deposited into the escrow account of an attorney. Of the proceeds received, $140,000 was disbursed to reduce liabilities payable to Bayshore and to others, $17,463 was paid to Bayshore for an interest in an oil and gas lease, $60,000 was disbursed to the Company for working capital, and $5,059 was paid for escrow and other fees. At December 31, 2008, $77,478 of the proceeds remained in the attorney’s trust account, are not restricted and are available to the Company; therefore, the transactions have been reflected at their gross amounts in the statements of cash flows. At December 31, 2008, notes payable consisted of the following:
$200,000 Notes payable; bearing interest at 12% per annum payable monthly; due September 1, 2009; secured by all of the assets of the Company; less $25,806 of unamortized discount based on an imputed interest rate of 35.2% | | $ | 174,194 | |
Note payable; bearing interest at 12% per annum payable monthly; due September 1, 2009; secured by all of the assets of the Company | | | 25,000 | |
Total Notes Payable | | $ | 199,194 | |
| | | | |
Notes payable to related parties; bearing interest at 12% per annum payable monthly; due September 1, 2009; secured by all of the assets of the Company | | $ | 75,000 | |
NOTE 4 – REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT
On April 27, 2006, the Company issued 2,452,100 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 1,226,050 shares of common stock for a period of five years at $3.00 per share in a private placement offering for cash in the amount of $3,065,125, or $1.25 per share. The Company also issued 43,200 warrants to the placement agent that are exercisable on similar terms. In connection with the offering, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (referred to herein as a registration payment arrangement) that, among other matters, provided that if the Company failed to file a registration statement by June 30, 2006, and failed to meet certain other deadlines until the registration statement was declared effective, the Company would be liable for the payment of partial liquidated damages to the investors of 1% per month (up to a maximum of 18% or $551,723) based on the proceeds of the offering. The cash payment requirements of the partial liquidated damages resulted in the possibility that the Company would not be able to net-share settle the warrants and would have been required to net-cash settle the warrants. The net-cash settlement conditions of the warrants resulted in the recognition of the 1,226,050 warrants issued to the investors as a derivative liability in accordance with EITF 00-19.
The derivative liability was separately valued from the common stock at an amount equal to the fair value of the 1,226,050 warrants, as measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of the derivative liability at the date of the private placement was $1,467,704, based on the following assumptions: risk-free interest rate of 4.92%, volatility of 80%, expected yield of 0%, and expected life of 1.5 years. The net proceeds from the private placement offering were allocated $1,221,573 to the shares of common stock and $1,467,704 to the derivative liability.
During each accounting period through September 30, 2006, the Company measured the change in the derivative liability and recorded the change as a gain or loss on derivative valuation. During the period from April 27, 2006 through September 30, 2006, the Company recorded a gain on derivative liability valuation of $1,066,295. The fair value of the derivative liability at September 30, 2006 was $401,409.
On October 1, 2006, the Company changed its method of recognizing registration payment arrangements by early-implementing FASB Staff Position (FSP) EITF 00-19-2, Accounting for Registration Payment Arrangements (“FSP 00-19-2”). Under FSP 00-19-2 and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies (“SFAS 5”), a registration payment arrangement is an arrangement where (a) the Company endeavors to file a registration statement for certain securities with the SEC and have the registration statement declared effective within a certain time period and/or (b) the Company will endeavor to keep a registration statement effective for a specified period of time; and (c) transfer of consideration is required if the Company fails to meet those requirements. When the Company issues an instrument with these registration payment requirements, the Company estimates the amount of consideration that is likely to be paid out under the agreement and offsets the amount of the liability against the proceeds of the instrument issued. The estimate is re-evaluated at the end of each reporting period, with any changes recorded as a registration penalty in the statements of operations.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
(AN EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
Prior to October 1, 2006, the registration payment arrangement and the 1,226,050 warrants which were subject to that arrangement were accounted for as one instrument classified as a derivative liability in accordance with EITF 00-19 of $1,467,704. During the period from April 27, 2006 through September 30, 2006, the Company recorded a gain on derivative liability valuation of $1,066,295. The fair value of the separate derivative liability relating just to the registration payment arrangement at September 30, 2006 was $401,409.
Under the transition requirements of FSP 00-19-2 for the registration payment arrangement and the warrants that were subject to that arrangement, the Company was required to reclassify the fair value of the warrants to stockholders’ equity separately from the contingent registration payment arrangement obligation to the private placement investors and to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to stockholder’s equity and specifically to retained earnings (deficit) on October 1, 2006 for the change in methods of accounting for the registration payment arrangement. On October 1, 2006, the Company reclassified the original fair value of the warrants of $1,467,704, less the estimated registration payment liability of $400,000, to stockholders’ equity as $1,067,704 of additional paid-in capital. The cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings (deficit) of $1,066,295 consisted of $400,000 from the recognition and measurement of the contingent liability, $1,067,704 from the amount of the warrants subject to the registration payment arrangement reclassified to additional paid-in capital, less $401,409 from the fair value of the derivative liability on September 30, 2006. No further change of the estimate was recorded for the remainder of 2006. During 2007, the estimated liability for probable payments under the registration rights agreement was increased by $34,466 and was included in general and administrative expense. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the total recorded liability for the accrued registration rights penalties and interest were $560,947 and $500,209, respectively, which included accrued interest of $126,481 and $65,743, respectively.
NOTE 5 – ASSET RETIRMENT OBLIGATION
An asset retirement obligation is recognized in the period in which it is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The current asset retirement obligation represents the fair value of the obligation to the Company for shutting in the associated wells as determined using an expected cash flow approach with a credit-adjusted risk-free rate between 8.50% and 13.5%. The associated asset retirement costs are capitalized as part of the carrying amount of oil and gas properties and subsequently allocated to expense using the same method as used for oil and gas properties. Accretion expense is recorded in each subsequent period to recognize the changes in the liability for an asset retirement obligation either over the passage of time or due to revisions to the amount of the original estimate of undiscounted cash flows. The Company uses the designated credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate to calculate the increase in liability due to the passage of time. During the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company recognized $3,159 and $2,212, respectively, of accretion expense under this interest method.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
(AN EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
The reconciliation of the asset retirement obligation for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 is as follows:
Balance at December 31, 2006 | | $ | 22,079 | |
Liabilities incurred | | | 10,785 | |
Accretion expense | | | 2,212 | |
| | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2007 | | | 35,076 | |
Liabilities incurred | | | 748 | |
Accretion expense | | | 3,159 | |
Disposal of interests in wells | | | (4,463 | ) |
| | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2008 | | $ | 34,520 | |
NOTE 6 – COMMON STOCK
In August 2007, the Company issued a total of 200,000 shares of common stock to two individuals in connection with their appointment to the Company’s Technical Advisory Board to provide geological advisory services. These services were valued and recorded at $180,000, or $0.90 per share.
As described in Note 10 to these financial statements, the Company issued 150,000 shares of common stock in August 2007 to an individual and affiliated entity in connection with an agreement to provide investor relations services. These services were valued and recorded at $127,500, or $0.85 per share, which was the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date issued.
As further described in Note 10 to these financial statements, the Company issued 200,000 shares of common stock in November 2007 to an individual in connection with an agreement to provide investor relations services. These services were valued and recorded at $92,000, or $0.46 per share, which was the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date issued.
The Company issued 60,000 shares of common stock in August 2007 to another individual in connection with an agreement to provide investor relations services. These services were valued and recorded at $45,000, or $0.75 per share, which was the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date issued.
NOTE 7 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
For the year ended December 31, 2007, Bayshore was paid or was entitled to receive cash payments of $551,785 in connection with the acquisition and development of oil and gas properties. Furthermore, commencing August 2007, Bayshore became the operator on the completed wells. For the year ended December 31, 2008, Bayshore was paid or was entitled to receive cash payments of $101,344 in connection with the acquisition and development of oil and gas properties. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company has a liability to Bayshore in the amount of $79,903 and $358,303, respectively, for unpaid costs in connection with the acquisition and development of oil and gas properties.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
(AN EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE 8 – STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS
The Company accounts for stock options under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 123R (SFAS 123R). SFAS 123R requires the recognition of the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments in the financial statements and is measured based on the grant date fair value of the award. SFAS 123R also requires the stock option compensation expense to be recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (the vesting period), net of estimated forfeitures. The estimation of forfeitures requires significant judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from the current estimates, such resulting adjustments are recorded in the period estimates are revised. No income tax benefit has been recognized for stock-based compensation arrangements and no compensation cost has been capitalized in the balance sheet. The Company did not grant any stock options during either of the years ended December 31, 2008 or 2007.
A summary of stock option and warrant activity for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 is presented below:
| | | | | | | Weighted | | | |
| | | | | Weighted | | Average | | | |
| | Options | | | Average | | Remaining | | Aggregate | |
| | and | | | Exercise | | Contractual | | Intrinsic | |
| | Warrants | | | Price | | Life | | Value | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Outstanding at December 31, 2006 | | | 1,644,250 | | | $ | - | | | | $ | - | |
Granted | | | - | | | | 3.00 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Outstanding at December 31, 2007 | | | 1,644,250 | | | | 3.00 | | 3.4 years | | $ | - | |
Granted | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Outstanding at December 31, 2008 | | | 1,644,250 | | | $ | 3.00 | | 2.4 years | | $ | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Exercisable at December 31, 2008 | | | 1,644,250 | | | $ | 3.00 | | 2.4 years | | $ | - | |
NOTE 9 – INCOME TAXES
As of December 31, 2008, the Company has operating loss carryforwards of approximately $4,800,000. The operating losses expire, if not used, from 2025 through 2028.
Under SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes and operating loss carryforwards. The significant components of net deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows at December 31, 2008 and 2007:
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
(AN EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | | | | |
Deferred tax asset - Operating loss carry forwards | | $ | 1,628,900 | | | $ | 1,509,063 | |
Oil and gas properties | | | 494,987 | | | | (199,385 | ) |
Stock-based compensation | | | 177,761 | | | | 177,761 | |
Organizational costs and other | | | 1,527 | | | | 4,229 | |
Unamortized discount on notes payable | | | (8,774 | ) | | | - | |
Valuation allowance | | | (2,294,401 | ) | | | (1,491,668 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net Deferred Tax Asset | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
The valuation allowance increased by $815,894 from operations and decreased by $13,161 from the effects of the issuance of notes payable at a discount for the year ended December 31, 2008 and increased by $373,373 from operations for the year ended December 31, 2007.
The following is a reconciliation of the income tax benefit computed at the statutory federal rate of 34% to income tax expense included in the accompanying financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007:
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | | | | |
Income tax benefit at statutory rate | | $ | (807,940 | ) | | $ | (375,655 | ) |
Gain on transfer of common stock from Bayshore | | | (8,160 | ) | | | - | |
Other non-deductible expenses and adjustments | | | 206 | | | | 2,282 | |
Change in valuation allowance | | | 815,894 | | | | 373,373 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Income Tax Expense | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
NOTE 10 – CONSULTING SERVICES AGREEMENTS
On August 1, 2007, the Company entered into a consulting services agreement to obtain approximately 30 hours of corporate communications services each week. The consulting agreement is for a term of six months with a possible six-month extension. The consultant agreed to provide services in the dissemination of information prepared by the Company and to advise the Company in the preparation of press releases. The consultant’s base fee was paid by the issuance of 50,000 shares of restricted common stock, issued in advance. Additionally, the consulting agreement provided that the consultant receive a signing bonus of $5,000 and 100,000 shares of restricted common stock on the effective date of the consulting agreement, for a total of 150,000 shares issued under the consulting agreement. The consulting agreement was terminated during 2008 without further payment of fees or issuances of common stock.
On November 1, 2007, the Company entered into a consulting agreement to obtain investor relations services. The consulting agreement is for a term of six months. The consultant’s base compensation for these services is $5,000 per month. Additionally, the consulting agreement provided that the consultant receive a signing bonus of 200,000 shares of restricted common stock on the effective date of the agreement and a bonus of $10,000 every sixty days (although the bonus due on December 31, 2007 was waived). The consulting agreement was terminated during 2008.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
(AN EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE 11 – SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company had the following noncash investing and financing activities:
| · | Of the transactions with Bayshore during the year ended December 31, 2008, $61,569 was financed by Bayshore on open account. |
| · | During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company and Bayshore negotiated a reduction of the amounts owed to Bayshore on the original drilling costs and the remaining liability on the Cooke No. 3 well by $97,760. |
| · | During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company sold a 21.75% working interest in the Cooke No. 6 well and 18.75% working interest in the Fiedler No. 1 well through Bayshore, and the proceeds of $181,399 were applied directly against the Company’s liability to Bayshore. |
| · | An asset retirement obligation was incurred and oil and gas properties were increased by $748 as a result of wells drilled. |
| · | Of the proceeds from the notes payable during the year ended December 31, 2008, $77,478 are being held in an attorney’s trust account. |
During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company had the following noncash investing and financing activities:
| | Of the transactions with Bayshore during the year ended December 31, 2007, $320,510 was financed by Bayshore on open account at December 31, 2007. |
| | An asset retirement obligation was incurred and oil and gas properties were increased by $10,785 as a result of wells drilled. |
The Company paid $9,659 and $0 for interest during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
PAXTON ENERGY, INC.
(AN EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY)
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION ON OIL AND GAS PRODUCING ACTIVITIES
(Unaudited)
Capitalized Costs Relating to Oil and Gas Producing Activities | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | | | | |
Unproved oil and gas properties | | $ | 4,404,782 | | | $ | 4,586,311 | |
Less impairment of oil and gas properties | | | (3,816,896 | ) | | | (1,739,545 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net Capitalized Costs | | $ | 587,886 | | | $ | 2,846,766 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Costs Incurred in Oil and Gas Producing Activities | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Acquisition of unproved properties | | $ | 17,463 | | | $ | - | |
Exploration costs | | | 83,882 | | | | 562,570 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total costs and operating expenses | | $ | 101,345 | | | $ | 562,570 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Results of Operations from Oil and Gas Producing Activities | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Oil and gas revenues, net | | $ | 49,485 | | | $ | 96,338 | |
Lease operating expenses | | | (47,439 | ) | | | (42,090 | ) |
Accretion of asset retirement obligations | | | (3,159 | ) | | | (2,212 | ) |
Impairment loss on oil and gas properties | | | (2,077,351 | ) | | | - | |
General and administrative (exclusive of corporate overhead) | | | (2,774 | ) | | | (26,787 | ) |
Stock-based compensation | | | - | | | | (180,000 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Results of operations before income taxes | | | (2,081,238 | ) | | | (154,751 | ) |
Provision for income taxes | | | - | | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | |
Results of Oil and Gas Producing Operations | | $ | (2,081,238 | ) | | $ | (154,751 | ) |
Reserve Quantities Information and Standardized Measures of Discounted Future Cash Flows
The Company’s is still in the exploration stage and has not yet obtained a study of oil and gas reserves or determined that any proved oil or gas reserves exist. Accordingly, the Company has not presented reserve quantities information or standardized measures of discounted future cash flows.