Disclosures about oil and natural gas activities (unaudited) | Note 16: Disclosures about oil and natural gas activities (unaudited) The estimate of proved reserves and related valuations were based upon the reports of Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. and Ryder Scott Company, L.P., each independent petroleum and geological engineers, and our engineering staff. Users of this information should be aware that the process of estimating quantities of “proved” and “proved developed” crude oil and natural gas reserves is very complex, requiring significant subjective decisions in the evaluation of all available geological, engineering and economic data for each reservoir. The data for a given reservoir may also change substantially over time as a result of numerous factors, including additional development activity, evolving production history and continual reassessment of the viability of production under varying economic conditions. Consequently, material revisions to existing reserve estimates occur from time to time. Our oil and natural gas reserves are attributable solely to properties within the United States. A summary of the changes in our quantities of proved oil and natural gas reserves for the three years ended December 31, 2015 are as follows: Oil (MBbls) Natural gas (MMcf) Natural gas liquids (MBbls) Total (MBoe) Proved developed and undeveloped reserves As of January 1, 2013 92,047 257,115 11,195 146,095 Purchase of minerals in place 3,283 3,618 1,059 4,945 Sales of minerals in place (5,174 ) (9,708 ) (324 ) (7,116 ) Extensions and discoveries 11,556 62,412 3,127 25,085 Revisions (1) (7,772 ) 9,735 1,479 (4,671 ) Improved recoveries 3,879 — — 3,879 Production (5,006 ) (20,250 ) (1,361 ) (9,742 ) Balance at December 31, 2013 92,813 302,922 15,175 158,475 Purchase of minerals in place 276 859 55 474 Sales of minerals in place (8,539 ) (79,579 ) (1,959 ) (23,761 ) Extensions and discoveries 12,776 56,159 3,405 25,541 Revisions (1) (3,356 ) (11,957 ) 1,741 (3,608 ) Improved recoveries 13,254 — — 13,254 Production (5,977 ) (20,648 ) (1,564 ) (10,982 ) Balance at December 31, 2014 101,247 247,756 16,853 159,393 Purchase of minerals in place 38 1,120 46 271 Sales of minerals in place (2,225 ) (3,656 ) (117 ) (2,951 ) Extensions and discoveries 3,651 13,759 1,096 7,040 Revisions (1) (19,840 ) (61,973 ) (4,257 ) (34,426 ) Improved recoveries (2) 36,414 — — 36,414 Production (5,519 ) (18,788 ) (1,550 ) (10,200 ) Balance at December 31, 2015 113,766 178,218 12,071 155,541 Proved developed reserves: January 1, 2013 54,737 185,826 9,218 94,926 December 31, 2013 56,360 196,920 11,484 100,664 December 31, 2014 54,862 158,265 11,787 93,027 December 31, 2015 40,300 132,323 9,169 71,524 Proved undeveloped reserves: January 1, 2013 37,310 71,289 1,977 51,169 December 31, 2013 36,453 106,002 3,691 57,811 December 31, 2014 46,385 89,491 5,066 66,366 December 31, 2015 73,466 45,895 2,902 84,017 (1) The downward revision in our reserves during 2015 was primarily due to the decline in SEC pricing which resulted in future extraction of certain reserves being uneconomic. The downward revision in our reserves during 2014 was primarily due to removing proved undeveloped reserves that are not expected to be developed within the five-year time frame mandated by the SEC and a decline in the estimated sales margin on natural gas. The downward revision in our reserves during 2013 was primarily due to removing proved undeveloped reserves that are not expected to be developed within the five-year time frame and to negative technical revisions. The 2013 downward revisions were partially offset by positive revisions due to improved pricing of oil and natural gas. (2) Improved recoveries in 2015 resulted from the addition of reserves from remaining future phases of CO 2 The following information was developed using procedures prescribed by GAAP. The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows should not be viewed as representative of our current value. It and the other information contained in the following tables may be useful for certain comparative purposes, but should not be solely relied upon in evaluating us or our performance. We believe that, in reviewing the information that follows, the following factors should be taken into account: · future costs and sales prices will probably differ from those required to be used in these calculations; · actual rates of production achieved in future years may vary significantly from the rates of production assumed in the calculations; · a 10% discount rate may not be reasonable as a measure of the relative risk inherent in realizing future net oil and natural gas revenues; and · future net revenues may be subject to different rates of income taxation. Future cash inflows used in the standardized measure calculation were estimated by applying a twelve-month average price for oil, gas and natural gas liquids, adjusted for location and quality differences, to the estimated future production of year-end proved reserves. Future cash inflows do not reflect the impact of future production that is subject to open derivative positions (see “Note 7 —Derivative instruments”). Future cash inflows were reduced by estimated future development, abandonment and production costs based on year-end costs in order to arrive at net cash flows before tax. Future income tax expense has been computed by applying year-end statutory tax rates to aggregate future pre-tax net cash flows reduced by the tax basis of the properties involved and tax carryforwards. GAAP requires the use of a 10% discount rate and prices and costs excluding escalations based upon future conditions. In general, management does not rely on the following information in making investment and operating decisions. Such decisions are based upon a wide range of factors, including estimates of probable and possible as well as proved reserves and varying price and cost assumptions considered more representative of a range of possible economic conditions that may be anticipated. The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves are as follows: For the year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Future cash flows $ 6,327,363 $ 11,275,090 $ 10,660,532 Future production costs (2,670,692 ) (3,605,107 ) (3,841,723 ) Future development and abandonment costs (1,536,063 ) (1,726,955 ) (1,506,585 ) Future income tax provisions (89,999 ) (1,487,121 ) (1,328,925 ) Net future cash flows 2,030,609 4,455,907 3,983,299 Less effect of 10% discount factor (1,345,920 ) (2,561,207 ) (2,239,527 ) Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows $ 684,689 $ 1,894,700 $ 1,743,772 The changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves are as follows: For the year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Beginning of year $ 1,894,700 $ 1,743,772 $ 1,523,681 Sale of oil and natural gas produced, net of production costs (196,319 ) (502,928 ) (418,224 ) Net changes in prices and production costs (1) (2,230,601 ) 116,977 172,975 Extensions and discoveries 101,384 286,500 514,743 Improved recoveries 524,436 148,673 79,589 Changes in future development costs 204,199 (91,027 ) (236,121 ) Development costs incurred during the period that reduced future development costs 80,103 316,490 110,354 Revisions of previous quantity estimates (1) (495,794 ) (40,481 ) (95,855 ) Purchases and sales of reserves in place, net (47,079 ) (278,825 ) (20,021 ) Accretion of discount 237,134 223,324 152,830 Net change in income taxes (1) 605,766 (46,584 ) (60,981 ) Changes in production rates and other 6,760 18,809 20,802 End of year $ 684,689 $ 1,894,700 $ 1,743,772 (1) Amounts in 2015 are primarily the result of the decrease in SEC pricing, which resulted in a loss of reserves as extraction has become uneconomic, lower margins on existing reserves and a decrease in taxes as a result of the lower margins. The following prices for oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids before field differentials were used in determining future net revenues related to the standardized measure calculation. 2015 2014 2013 Oil (per Bbl) $ 50.28 $ 94.99 $ 96.78 Natural gas (per Mcf) $ 2.58 $ 4.35 $ 3.67 Natural gas liquids (per Bbl) $ 15.84 $ 36.10 $ 32.53 |