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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATION OF ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE
Overview
We were formed on August 11, 2005 to acquire, through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition or other similar business combination, one or more businesses that supports the process of bringing energy, in the form of crude oil, natural and liquefied petroleum gas, and refined and specialized products (such as petrochemicals), from production to final consumption throughout the world. Our initial business combination must be with a target business or businesses whose fair market value is at least equal to 80% of the amount in the Trust Account (excluding any funds held for the benefit of the underwriters and Maxim Group LLC) at the time of such acquisition. We intend to utilize cash derived from the proceeds of our recently completed initial public offering, our capital stock, debt or a combination of cash, capital stock and debt, in effecting a business combination.
Results of Operations
Three-month Periods Ended March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2007
We incurred a net loss of $2,340,058 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2008. The net loss consisted of $3,302,946 of operating expenses and $19,066 of interest expense, reduced by interest income of $881,954. Operating expenses of $3,302,946 consisted of consulting and professional fees of $191,337, stock-based compensation of $2,909,825, insurance expense of $32,000, travel expense of $3,207, Delaware franchise fees of $41,250 and other operating costs of $25,327.
During the three-month period ended March 31, 2007, we incurred a net loss of $1,565,997. The net loss consisted of $3,316,275 of operating expenses and $26,943 of interest expense, reduced by interest income of $1,777,221. Operating expenses of $3,316,275 consisted of consulting and professional fees of $280,450, stock-based compensation of $2,909,825, insurance expense of $37,813, travel expense of $24,805, Delaware franchise fees of $41,250 and other operating costs of $22,132.
The trust account earned interest of $1,276,742 during the three months ended March 31, 2008, including $380,694 of interest income attributable to common stock subject to possible redemption and $14,095 of interest income attributed to deferred underwriters’ fees included in the trust account. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, the trust account earned interest of $1,795,834, including $19,826 of interest income attributable to deferred underwriters’ fees included in the trust account.
Total interest income earned on the trust account decreased from $1,795,834, for the three-month period ended March 31, 2007, to $1,276,742 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2008 due to a decrease in the coupon rate from 3.458%, during the three-month period ended March 31, 2007, to 2.76% during the three-month period ended March 31, 2008, as a result of market conditions. Due to permissible withdrawals of interest from the trust account for debt service and working capital purposes, no interest income was attributable to common stock subject to possible redemption during the three-month ended March 31, 2007.
Until we enter into a business combination, we will not generate operating revenues.
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 and the Period from August 11, 2005 (Inception) to December 31, 2005
For the year ended December 31, 2007 we incurred a net loss of $6,704,000. The net loss consisted of $12,971,706 of operating expenses and $101,762 of interest expense. Operating expenses of $12,971,706 consisted of consulting and professional fees of $696,577, stock-based compensation of $11,639,300, insurance expense of $144,469, office expense of $74,050, travel expense of $222,950, state franchise tax of $163,707 and other operating costs of $30,653. During this period, Energy Infrastructure earned interest income of $6,369,468.
For the year ended December 31, 2006 we incurred a net loss of $2,841,301. The net loss consisted of $5,924,945 of operating expenses and $55,899 of interest expense. Operating expenses of $5,924,945 consisted of consulting and professional fees of $171,301, stock-based compensation of $5,334,679, insurance expense of $44,115, office expense of $48,812, travel expense of $151,676, state franchise tax of $167,250 and other operating costs of $7,112. During this period, Energy Infrastructure earned interest income of $3,139,543.
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The increase in net loss and operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2006, reflects a full year of expenditures by the Company in pursuit of a business combination, as compared to only five months of such expenditures in 2006.
The increase in interest income from $3,139,543 for the year ended December 31, 2006 to $6,369,468 for the year ended December 31, 2007 is a result of the Trust Account being funded for a full year in 2007 as opposed to approximately five months in 2006, following the Company’s initial public offering, which closed on July 21, 2006.
For the period from inception (August 11, 2005) to December 31, 2005 we incurred formation costs of $910 and interest expense of $2,750. During this period the Company earned $1,781 of interest income.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
On July 17, 2006, we sold 825,398 units in a Regulation S private placement to Energy Corp., a corporation formed under the laws of the Cayman Islands, which is controlled by our President and Chief Operating Officer. On July 21, 2006, we consummated our initial public offering of 20,250,000 units. Each unit in the private placement and the public offering consists of one share of common stock and one redeemable common stock purchase warrant. The common stock and warrants included in the units began to trade separately on October 4, 2006, and trading in the units ceased on such date. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase from us one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $8.00. Prior to the closing of the initial public offering Robert Ventures Limited, an off-shore company controlled by the our President and Chief Operating Officer made a convertible loan to us in the principal amount of $2,550,000 and our President and Chief Operating Officer made a term loan to us in the principal amount of $475,000.
On July 21, 2006, the closing date of our public offering, $202,500,000 was placed in the Trust Account at Lehman Brothers’ Inc. maintained by Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, New York, New York, as trustee. This amount includes the net proceeds of the private placement and our public offering, the $2,550,000 convertible loan and the $475,000 term loan, $2,107,540 of contingent underwriting compensation and placement fees, to be paid to the underwriters and Maxim Group LLC, respectively, if and only if, a business combination is consummated, and $412,699 in deferred placement fees to be paid to Maxim Group LLC in connection with the Private Placement. The funds in the Trust Account will be invested until the earlier of (i) the consummation of Energy Infrastructure’s first business combination or (ii) the liquidation of the Trust Account as part of a plan of dissolution and liquidation approved by Energy Infrastructure’s stockholders.
On August 31, 2006, the underwriters of our public offering exercised their option to purchase an additional 675,000 units to cover over-allotments. An additional $6,750,000 was placed in the Trust Account, bringing the total amount in the Trust Account to $209,250,000. This additional amount includes $6,615,000, representing the net proceeds of the over-allotment and an additional convertible loan made to us by Robert Ventures Limited in the amount of $135,000.
We will use substantially all of the net proceeds of our private placement and initial public offering to acquire a target business, including identifying and evaluating prospective acquisition candidates, selecting the target business, and structuring, negotiating and consummating the business combination. To the extent that our capital stock is used in whole or in part as consideration to effect a business combination, the proceeds held in the Trust Account, as well as any other net proceeds not expended, will be used to finance the operations of the target business. We have agreed with Maxim Group, LLC, the representative of the underwriters, that up to $3,430,111 of the interest earned on the proceeds being held in the trust account for our benefit (net of taxes payable) will be released to us upon our request, and in such intervals and in such amounts as we desire and are available to fund our working capital. We believe that the working capital available to us, in addition to the funds available to us outside of the trust account will be sufficient to either complete a business combination or liquidate. Over this time, we have estimated that the $3,430,111 shall be allocated approximately as follows: $1,017,412 for working capital and reserves (including finders’ fees, consulting fees or other similar compensation, potential deposits, down payments, franchise taxes or funding of a “no-shop” provision with respect to a particular business combination and the costs of dissolution, if any); $7,500 per month in connection with a consulting agreement we entered into on October 16, 2006; $800,000 for legal, accounting and other expenses attendant to the structuring and negotiation of a business combination; $250,000 with respect to legal and accounting fees relating to our SEC reporting obligations; $620,000 for due
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diligence, identification and research of prospective target business and reimbursement of out of pocket due diligence expenses to management; $150,000 for director and officer liability insurance premiums; and $412,699 for placement fees to Maxim Group LLC related to the Regulation S private placement. In addition, additional interest earned on the proceeds held in trust will be allocated (i) to make quarterly interest payments aggregating approximately $215,000 on the $2,550,000 convertible loan and the $135,000 convertible loan and (ii) to repay the $475,000 term loan. Accrued interest shall also be applied to repay the principal of the convertible loans on the earlier of our dissolution and liquidation or a business combination to the extent such loans have not been converted.
In March 2008, Energy EIAC Capital Ltd., an off-shore company controlled by George Sagredos, our President and Chief Operating Officer, loaned $500,000 to us in the form of a note payable. Such loan bears interest at a per annum interest rate equivalent to the per annum interest rate applied to the funds held in the Trust Account during the same period that such loan is outstanding (average 2.76% during the three months ended March 31, 2008). We are obligated to repay the principal and accrued interest on such loan following the earlier of (i) the consummation of a Business Combination or (ii) the dissolution and liquidation of Energy Infrastructure.
In addition to the above described allocation of interest accrued on the trust account, at March 31, 2008 we had funds aggregating $11,003 held outside of the trust account.
Pursuant to amendments to the Underwriting Agreement effective as of September 30, 2006 and December 26, 2006, Maxim Group LLC, as representative of the underwriters, agreed to waive Energy Infrastructure’s obligation to pay the underwriters deferred compensation of $500,000. In connection with such amendments, we recorded a credit to additional paid in capital in the amount of $500,000 during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006.
Pursuant to Energy Infrastructure’s certificate of incorporation, holders of shares purchased in the Energy Infrastructure’s initial public offering (other than the Energy Infrastructure’s initial stockholders) may vote against the business combination and demand that Energy Infrastructure redeem their shares for a cash payment of $10.00 per share, plus a portion of the interest earned not previously released to it (net of taxes payable), as of the record date. Energy Infrastructure will not consummate the business combination if holders of 6,525,119 or more shares exercise these redemption rights. If holders of the maximum permissible number of shares elect redemption without Energy Infrastructure being required to abandon the business combination, Energy Infrastructure may not have funds available to proceed with the business combination unless it is able to obtain additional capital. Assuming that Energy Infrastructure’s stockholders approve the Business Combination, Energy Merger intends to sell such number of shares of its common stock equal to the number of shares of Energy Infrastructure’s common stock that are redeemed upon completion of the business combination. The proceeds of such sale would be used to fund redemptions of common stock by Energy Infrastructure’s stockholders. There can be no assurance that Energy Merger will be able to successfully complete such sale. To the extent such sale is not completed and Energy Infrastructure has insufficient funds to complete the business combination, the business combination will not occur, and it is likely that Energy Infrastructure will be required to dissolve and liquidate.
Contractual Obligations
At March 31, 2008 Energy Infrastructure had the following contractual obligations.
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Payments Due by Period |
Contractual Obligation | | Total | | Less Than 1 Year | | 1 – 3 Years | | 3 – 5 Years | | More Than 5 Years |
Amounts due to underwriter | | $ | 2,545,750 | | | $ | 2,545,750 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Principal and interest due on notes payable to shareholder | | | 3,221,252 | | | | 3,221,252 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Redeemable common stock | | | 66,156,138 | | | | 66,156,138 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 71,923,140 | | | $ | 71,923,140 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
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INFORMATION CONCERNING ENERGY MERGER
General
Energy Infrastructure Merger Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp., was formed on November 30, 2007 under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Upon completion of the Business Combination, Energy Merger will own a fleet of nine very large crude carriers, or VLCCs. We refer collectively to these nine VLCCs as the initial fleet.
Upon the completion of Business Combination, Captain Charles Arthur Joseph Vanderperre will serve as Energy Merger’s Chairman and Mr. Fred Cheng will serve as a director and Chief Executive Officer of Energy Merger. Captain Vanderperre and Mr. Cheng are the co-founders and directors of Vanship and co-founders of the Manager. Captain Vanderperre controls the Manager and founded and actively manages its affiliate, Univan. Upon completion of the Business Combination, Energy Merger is expected to be the only Asian based public shipping company listed on a U.S. securities exchange. Energy Merger believes that its location in Asia and the experience of its management team in Asian shipping markets is expected to provide it with broad access to a diverse customer base with established major Asian multi-national corporations.
The initial fleet has a combined cargo-carrying capacity of 2,519,213 deadweight tons and is expected to have an average age of approximately 12.9 years upon completion of the Business Combination. The initial fleet consists of five modern double hull VLCCs that are expected to have an average age of approximately 9.5 years and four single hull VLCCs that are expected to have an average age of approximately 16.7 years upon completion of the Business Combination. All of the vessels in the initial fleet operate under period charter agreements with established major Asian multi-national corporations, including Sinochem Corporation, DOSCO (subsidiary of the Chinese state-owned COSCO), Formosa Petrochemical Corp., S-Oil Corporation and Sanko Line. Upon completion of the Business Combination, the average remaining charter duration for the vessels in the initial fleet is expected to be approximately 5.7 years, consisting of approximately 8.5 years remaining on average for the double hull vessels and approximately 2.2 years remaining on average for the single hull vessels. Because all of the vessels in the initial fleet operate under period charter agreements, Energy Merger’s exposure to downturns in the market while these charter agreements are in effect is significantly diminished. Additionally, the charter agreements under which the Shinyo Kannika and the Shinyo Ocean operate have a profit sharing component that provides the opportunity for additional revenue when spot market rates are robust. The vessel C. Dream is expected to also have a profit sharing component in its charter agreement commencing in the first half of 2009.
Competitive Strengths
Energy Merger believes that its management, its fleet, and the long-standing relationships of its future management team with Asian multi-national corporations will provide a number of competitive strengths that will help position it as a leading owner and operator of VLCCs, including:
Based in Asia, listed on a U.S. exchange. Energy Merger believes that being based in Asia will allow it to benefit from the continued growth in China, India and Southeast Asia. Energy Merger believes that its ability to do business with large Asian multi-national corporations should be enhanced because of its close proximity to their principals and senior executives. Furthermore, Asia accounts for a significant portion of global demand and the majority of incremental growth in demand for crude oil. As the only Asian based shipping company listed on a U.S. exchange, Energy Merger should have direct access to the U.S. capital markets, the largest capital pool worldwide.
Management and Board with global expertise. Energy Merger believes that upon completion of the Business Combination, the global shipping industry experience of its Chairman, its Chief Executive Officer and the other members of its board of directors will position it well to execute its growth strategy. Captain Vanderperre and Mr. Cheng have experience in all facets of the wet and dry shipping industry, including, owning, operating, technical and third party ship management, chartering in the spot and period markets, new and secondhand market sales and purchases and capital raising.
Established customer relationships. The individuals who will comprise Energy Merger’s management team and directors upon completion of the Business Combination have long-term relationships with Asian multi-national corporations, charterers, sales and purchase brokers and other vessel owners.
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Stable cash flows supported by long-term charters. The charter agreements under which the vessels in the initial fleet will operate have strong base rates, which provide stable and transparent cash flows. The profit sharing components in the charter agreements under which two of the vessels in the initial fleet operate, and under which a third vessel is expected to operate beginning in the first half of 2009, provide potential upside from the fixed base rate when spot market conditions are robust. Energy Merger believes that these profit sharing arrangements will enable stockholders to benefit from upturns in the market while having lower risk from downside movements because of the fixed rates associated with the charters.
Focused fleet profile. Energy Merger intends to focus on VLCC tankers, a segment it believes incorporates the greatest shipping market opportunity to exploit the growing demand for energy in Southeast Asia and India. The initial fleet will primarily service the Asian market but will have access to global trading routes in order to service charterers’ needs. Because the initial fleet only includes VLCCs, Energy Merger believes that there is significant potential to increase revenue and lower costs. Operating a homogenous fleet provides the opportunity to exploit economies of scale, facilitating cost reduction and enhancing operational efficiencies, including scheduling flexibility, employee training and other operational efficiencies.
Strong technical management. The day-to-day management of the initial fleet will be handled by the Manager, a company controlled and actively managed by Captain Vanderperre. Energy Merger expects that the Manager will subcontract technical management of the vessels in the initial fleet to its affiliate, Univan. Univan currently manages in excess of 50 vessels, including the vessels in Energy Merger’s initial fleet. Energy Merger believes that outsourcing the day-to-day management of the initial fleet to the Manager will result in operational cost savings due to the economies of scale, while also reducing corporate headcount and overhead expenses. See “ — Energy Merger’s Manager and Management Agreement.”
Strategy
Energy Merger’s primary strategy is to maximize value to its stockholders by pursuing the following strategies:
Strategically expand the fleet via the newbuilding and secondary sale and purchase market. Energy Merger intends to grow its fleet through timely and selective acquisitions of additional vessels in a manner that is accretive to earnings. It will actively monitor the newbuilding and secondary sale and purchase markets, or S&P market, and may pursue the acquisition of one or more VLCCs at any one time.
Leverage long-term relationships with Asian multi-national corporations for future charters. Captain Vanderperre and Mr. Cheng have established relationships with Energy Merger’s charterers over the last seven years, and have had relationships with some of these companies for over 25 years. Three of the five charterers of the vessels in the initial fleet, or their parent companies, are rated investment grade and none of the charterers of the vessels held by the SPVs has ever defaulted on a charter agreement with Vanship or any of its subsidiaries. As Energy Merger pursues acquisition opportunities in the future, it intends to leverage its existing relationships in order to facilitate long-term charters with favorable rates for its vessels when Energy Merger deems it prudent based on prevailing market conditions.
Focus on longer-term charters to high quality charters. All of the vessels in the initial fleet are chartered out to established Asian multi-national corporations, and are expected to have an average remaining charter duration of approximately 5.7 years at the time of completion of the Business Combination. Energy Merger believes that these charters will provide it with stable cash flows. In the future, Energy Merger may choose to pursue various market opportunities for its vessels which will enable it to capitalize on favorable market conditions, including entering into short-term time and voyage charters, pool arrangements, bareboat charters and profit sharing agreements allowing for additional cash flows in times of robust spot rates.
Modernize the fleet — single-hull to double-hull. Energy Merger’s initial fleet will consist of nine VLCCs of which four will be single-hull vessels. Energy Merger intends to modernize the fleet and divest itself of its single-hull vessels in an opportunistic fashion that allows it to maximize earnings and profit from the sale of these vessels and facilitate the acquisition of additional double-hull VLCCs in the future. Modernizing the fleet to primarily incorporate double-hull VLCCs is expected to enable Energy Merger to continue to attract high quality charterers at robust rates. Of the four single-hull vessels in Energy Merger’s initial fleet, Energy Merger’s future management team believes that the vessel Shinyo Sawako, built in 1995, is the only
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vessel suitable for conversion to double-hull and will consider such conversion when it is advantageous to do so in terms of securing further employment. Management intends to continue chartering the vessels Shinyo Alliance and Shinyo Mariner, both built in 1991, until 2015 or as long as they can be profitably employed and then sell both vessels for scrap or for conversion to other uses. Management currently intends to sell the vessel Shinyo Jubilee, built in 1988, upon the termination of its current charter in September 2009. All proceeds from the sale of any of Energy Merger's vessels will be required to be applied to pre-pay Energy Merger’s debt under its term loan facility.
Corporate Structure
Energy Merger will be a holding company that will own its vessels through separate wholly-owned subsidiaries. Energy Merger will appoint the Manager to provide technical, administrative and strategic services necessary to support its business. Energy Merger’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, initially expected to be Mr. Fred Cheng and Mr. Christoph Widmer, respectively, will be made available to Energy Merger by the Manager to manage Energy Merger’s day-to-day operations and all aspects of its financial control. The Manager will provide a variety of ship management services, including purchasing, crewing, vessel maintenance, insurance procurement and claims handling, inspections, and ensuring compliance with flag, class and other statutory requirements. Energy Merger expects that the Manager will subcontract the technical management of the vessels in the initial fleet to its affiliate, Univan. Both the Manager and Univan were founded by and are controlled by Captain Vanderperre. See “ — Energy Merger’s Manager and Management Agreement.”
The Fleet
Set forth below is summary information concerning the initial fleet.
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Vessel Name | | Name of Owner | | Hull Design | | Capacity (Dwt) | | Year Built and Class | | Year of Acquisition | | Yard |
Shinyo Alliance | | | Shinyo Alliance Limited | | | | Single | | | | 248,034 | | | | 1991 Class NK | | | | 2002 | | | | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Nagasaki, Japan | |
C. Dream | | | Shinyo Dream Limited | | | | Double | | | | 298,570 | | | | 2000 ABS | | | | 2007 | | | | Kyushu Hitachi Zosen Corp. of Tamana-Gun, Kumamoto, Japan | |
Shinyo Kannika | | | Shinyo Kannika Limited | | | | Double | | | | 287,175 | | | | 2001 ABS | | | | 2004 | | | | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd – Kure Shipyard, Japan | |
Shinyo Ocean | | | Shinyo Ocean Limited | | | | Double | | | | 281,395 | | | | 2001 ABS | | | | 2007 | | | | Ihi Kure, Hiroshima, Japan | |
Shinyo Jubilee | | | Shinyo Jubilee Limited | | | | Single | | | | 250,192 | | | | 1988 Class NK | | | | 2005 | | | | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd – Kure Shipyard, Japan | |
Shinyo Splendor | | | Shinyo Loyalty Limited | | | | Double | | | | 306,474 | | | | 1993 DNV | | | | 2004 | | | | NKK Tsu Works Japan | |
Shinyo Mariner | | | Shinyo Mariner Limited | | | | Single | | | | 271,208 | | | | 1991 Class NK | | | | 2005 | | | | NKK Corporation, Tsu Works, Tsu City, Mie Pref., Japan | |
Shinyo Navigator | | | Shinyo Navigator Limited | | | | Double | | | | 300,549 | | | | 1996 Lloyds Register | | | | 2006 | | | | Hyundai Heavy Industries, Korea | |
Shinyo Sawako | | | Shinyo Sawako Limited | | | | Single | | | | 275,616 | | | | 1995 DNV | | | | 2006 | | | | Hitachi Zosen, Ariake Works | |
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Charter Arrangements
The following summary of the material terms of the charter agreements does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the charter agreements. Because the following is only a summary, it does not contain all information that you may find useful. For more complete information, you should read the entire charter agreement for each vessel filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part.
Time Charters
All of the vessels in the fleet other than the Shinyo Jubilee are committed under time charter agreements with international companies. Pursuant to these agreements, the SPVs provide a vessel to these companies, or charterers, at a fixed, per-day charter hire rate for a specified term. Under the agreements, the vessel owner is responsible for paying operating costs. The charterers, in addition to the daily charter hire, are generally responsible for the cost of all fuels with respect to the vessels (with certain exceptions, including during off-hire periods), port charges, costs related to towage, pilotage, mooring expenses at loading and discharging facilities and certain operating expenses. The charterers are not obligated to pay the applicable vessel owner charterhire for off-hire days, which include days a vessel is out-of-service due to, among other things, repairs or drydockings. Under the time charter agreements, the vessel owner is generally required, among other things, to keep the related vessels seaworthy, to crew and maintain the vessels and to comply with applicable regulations. The vessel owners are also required to provide protection and indemnity, hull and machinery, war risk and oil pollution insurance cover. Univan is expected to perform these duties for the SPVs as described below.
The charter agreements under which Shinyo Kannika and Shinyo Ocean operate, and under which C. Dream is expected to operate beginning in the first half of 2009, include a profit sharing component that gives the applicable vessel owner the opportunity to earn additional hire when spot rates are high relative to the daily time charter hire rate. The profit sharing arrangements for Shinyo Kannika and Shinyo Ocean provide that the vessel owner receives 50% of daily income (referenced to the Baltic International Trading Route Index, or BITR) in excess of $44,000 and $43,500, respectively. The profit sharing component for C. Dream, which is expected to commence upon delivery of the vessel to the charterer in the first half of 2009, provides that the vessel owner receives 50% of net average daily time charter earnings between $30,001 and $40,000 and 40% of net average daily time charter earnings above $40,000.
The charter periods are typically, at the charterer’s option, subject to (1) extension or reduction by between 15 and 90 days at the end of the final charter period and (2) extension by any amount of time during the charter period that the vessel is off-hire. A vessel is generally considered to be “off-hire” during any period that it is out-of-service due to damage to or breakdown of the vessel or its equipment or a default or deficiency of its crew. Under certain circumstances the charters may terminate prior to their scheduled termination dates. The terms of the charter agreements vary as to which events or occurrences will cause a charter to terminate or give the charterer the option to terminate the charter, but these generally include a total or constructive total loss of the related vessel, the requisition for hire of the related vessel, the failure of the related vessel to meet specified performance criteria, off-hire of the vessel for a specified number of days or war or hostilities breaking out between certain specified countries.
Consecutive Voyage Charter
The vessel Shinyo Jubilee operates under a consecutive voyage charter agreement. Under the consecutive voyage charter agreement, the vessel owner is paid freight (per ton of crude oil) on the basis of moving crude oil from a loading port to a discharge port for multiple voyages through September 2009. Under this consecutive voyage charter, each voyage is deemed to commence upon the completion of discharge of the vessel’s previous cargo and is deemed to end upon the completion of discharge of the current cargo. The freight rate is based on a fixed Worldscale rate. The vessel owner is responsible for paying both operating costs and voyage costs and the charterer is generally responsible for any delay at the loading or discharging ports. Under the consecutive voyage charter agreement, the vessel owner is generally required, among other things, to keep the related vessel seaworthy, to crew and maintain the vessel and to comply with applicable regulations. The
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vessel owner is also required to provide protection and indemnity, hull and machinery, war risk and oil pollution insurance cover. The Manager is expected to perform these duties for Shinyo Jubilee Limited as described below.
Set forth below is summary information concerning the charters as of December 31, 2007.
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Type of Vessel | | Daily Time Charter Hire Rate* | | Type | | Charter Expiry |
Shinyo Splendor | | $ | 39,500 | | | | Time Charter | | | | May 2014(1) | |
Shinyo Kannika | | $ | 39,000 | | | | Time Charter | | | | February 2017(2) | |
Shinyo Navigator | | $ | 43,800 | | | | Time Charter | | | | December 2016 | |
Shinyo Ocean | | $ | 38,500 | | | | Time Charter | | | | January 2017(3) | |
C. Dream | | $ | 28,900 | | | | Time Charter | | | | March 2009(4) | |
C. Dream | | $ | 30,000 | | | | Time Charter | | | | March 2019(4)(5) | |
Shinyo Alliance | | $ | 29,800 | | | | Time Charter | | | | October 2010 | |
Shinyo Jubilee | | $ | 32,000 | | | | Consecutive Voyage Charter | | | | September 2009(6) | |
Shinyo Mariner | | $ | 32,800 | | | | Time Charter | | | | June 2010(7) | |
Shinyo Sawako | | $ | 39,088 | | | | Time Charter | | | | December 2011 | |
| * | Gross time charter rate and estimated net time charter equivalent (“TCE”) for consecutive voyage charter. |
| (1) | Charterer has the option to extend time charter for an additional 3 years at $39,000 per day. |
| (2) | Subject to profit sharing provision in which income (referenced to the BITR) in excess of $44,000 per day is split equally between SPV and charterer. |
| (3) | Subject to profit sharing provision in which income (referenced to BITR3) in excess of $43,500 per day is split equally between the SPV and charterer. |
| (4) | Second time charter starts after expiry of first charter. |
| (5) | Subject to profit sharing provision in which actual annual net average daily time charter earnings between $30,001 and $40,000 are split equally between the SPV and charterer, and actual annual net average daily time charter earnings in excess of $40,000 are split 40% to SPV and 60% to charterer. |
| (6) | Estimated Time Charter Equivalent, or TCE. Time charter equivalent is a measure of the average daily revenue performance of a vessel on a per voyage basis. Vanship’s method of calculating TCE is consistent with industry standards and is determined by dividing net voyage revenue by voyage days for the relevant time period. Net voyage revenue are voyage revenue minus voyage expenses. Voyage expenses primarily consist of port, canal and fuel costs that are unique to a particular voyage, which would otherwise be paid by the charterer under a time charter contract. |
| (7) | Charterers have the option to extend time charter for an additional 2 years at $31,800 per day. |
In addition to the general terms of the charter agreements summarized above, the charter agreement for the vessel Shinyo Ocean includes a mutual sale provision whereby either party can request the sale of the vessel provided that a price can be obtained that is at least $3 million greater than the value of the vessel as specified in the charter agreement. In such case, the net proceeds from the sale of the vessel in excess of the vessel’s value will be split in equal parts between the vessel owner and the charterer.
Energy Merger’s Customers
All of the vessels in the initial fleet operate under period charter agreements with established major Asian multi-national corporations. In the year 2008, Energy Merger expects to receive all of its operating revenue from the following five customers: DOSCO (47% of expected revenue), Formosa Petrochemical Corp. (22% of expected revenue), Sinochem Corporation (11% of expected revenue), S-Oil Corporation (10% of expected revenue) and Sanko Line (9% of expected revenue).
Directors and Executive Officers
Set forth below are the names, ages and positions of Energy Merger’s directors and executive officers immediately following the effective date of the Redomiciliation Merger. The board of directors is elected
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annually on a staggered basis, and each director elected holds office until his successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, except in the event of his death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his term of office. Officers are elected from time to time by vote of Energy Merger’s board of directors and hold office until a successor is elected.
Energy Merger’s directors and executive officers are as follows:
| | | | |
Name | | Age | | Position |
Captain Vanderperre | | | 86 | | | | Chairman of the board of directors and Class C Director | |
Fred Cheng | | | 56 | | | | Chief Executive Officer and Class C Director | |
Christoph Widmer | | | 41 | | | | President, Chief Financial Officer and Class B Director | |
David A. Lawson | | | 64 | | | | Class B Director (Independent director and member of the Audit Committee) | |
Shigeru Matsui | | | 68 | | | | Class A Director (Independent director) | |
Marios Pantazopoulos | | | 41 | | | | Class A Director | |
Mark Pawley | | | 43 | | | | Class C Director (Independent director and Chair of the Audit Committee) | |
Rod Teeple | | | 43 | | | | Class B Director (Independent director and member of the Audit Committee) | |
Captain Charles Arthur Joseph Vanderperre will be Energy Merger’s Chairman of the board of directors upon completion of the Business Combination and will also serve as the Chairman of board of directors of the Manager. Captain Vanderperre is the founder and Chairman of Univan, a leading global ship management firm with over 50 vessels under management. Univan will provide technical ship management to the vessels in Energy Merger’s fleet. Captain Vanderperre is also a director of Vanship, which he co-founded in 2001. Prior to founding the pre-cursor of Univan in 1973, Captain Vanderperre held a number of positions in the shipping industry including serving as managing director of Wallem Ship Management, Manager of Transportation and Supply for Esso Belgium, and as Master on board vessels operated by Compagnie Maritime Belge and Esso Tankers. Captain Vanderperre’s career in the shipping industry commenced as a cadet in 1938.
Fred Cheng will be Energy Merger’s Chief Executive Officer, a member of Energy Merger’s board of directors and the Chief Executive Officer of the Manager upon completion of the Business Combination. Mr. Cheng has over 35 years experience in the shipping industry with a primary focus on the Asian shipping markets. Mr. Cheng has served as the Managing Director of Shinyo Maritime Corporation, which holds Mr. Cheng’s interest in Vanship. Mr. Cheng has been a director of Vanship since in 2001 and is a co-founder of Vanship. Prior to founding Shinyo and Vanship, Mr. Cheng served from 1978 to 1999 as the Managing Director of Golden Ocean Group, a shipping company which he founded in 1978. Under Mr. Cheng’s leadership, Golden Ocean grew into a leading tanker and dry bulk company but it was adversely affected by the Asian financial crisis in 1997 and was eventually sold under Chapter 11 protection to Frontline, Ltd. From 1973 to 1978, Mr. Cheng worked with his family shipping company where he began his career in the shipping industry. Mr. Cheng received his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Cornell University in 1973.
Christoph Widmerwill initially serve as President and Chief Financial Officer of Energy Merger, will be a member of Energy Merger’s board of directors and the President and Chief Operating Officer of the Manager upon completion of the Business Combination. Mr. Widmer has 15 years of experience in the investment banking industry with Credit Suisse. From 2005 to 2007, Mr. Widmer was Co-Head of Credit Suisse’s business serving private equity clients across Asia (excluding Japan) and was responsible for marketing, origination and execution of financial advisory, equity and debt financing transactions. From 2004 to 2005, Mr. Widmer was a Director in Credit Suisse’s Global Industrials Group in Asia (excluding Japan), focusing on industrial and services companies including companies in the transportation sector. Prior to relocating to Hong Kong in 2004, Mr. Widmer was Vice President, Finance and Administration and Chief Financial Officer and a member of the board of directors of Horizon Lines LLC, a U.S. container shipping company based in Charlotte, North Carolina. From 2000 to 2003, Mr. Widmer was a Director in Credit Suisse’s Mergers & Acquisitions Group in New York with a primary focus on the transportation and logistics sectors. From 1991 to 2000, he was an investment banker at Credit Suisse in London, New York and Zurich. From 1989 to 1991,
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Mr. Widmer served in the Swiss Army, completing his service as a Lieutenant. Mr. Widmer received his B.A. in Politics, Philosophy and Economics from Merton College, Oxford University in 1989.
Dr. David A. Lawson, IIIwill be a member of Energy Merger’s board of directors and will serve on its audit committee upon completion of the Business Combination. Dr Lawson is a senior partner of Bonnard Lawson, a Swiss law firm established by him in 1998. He has over 30 years’ experience in private legal practice and as a corporate counsel, specializing in international litigation and in domestic and international commercial arbitration. Dr Lawson has also represented shipping companies, ship owners, ship management companies and shipping agents on all aspects of shipping and transportation of goods, including the acquisition and financing of vessels, and the advising on agreements of affreightment, time and voyage charter party agreements and crewing and ship management contracts. In addition, Dr Lawson has experience as counsel in resolving shipping disputes, including maritime arbitrations and charter party disputes. Prior to founding Bonnard Lawson, Dr Lawson practiced law in Geneva at Mégévand Grosjean & Revaz, Baker & McKenzie, the Etude Jacquemoud and Inter Maritime Group. Dr Lawson has also managed the law departments of various affiliates of Exxon Corporation. Dr Lawson has published extensively in the areas of international ethical studies relating to cross-border law practice and international commercial arbitration. Dr Lawson’s educational background includes a Doctor of Philosophy in Law from Magdalen College, University of Oxford, a Diploma in Private International Law from The Hague Academy in The Netherlands as well as a Juris Doctor from Golden Gate University in San Francisco.
Shigeru Matsuiwill be a member of Energy Merger’s board of directors upon completion of the Business Combination. Mr. Matsui has over 43 years experience in the shipping industry and is currently a project ship broker who specializes in tanker chartering for period business, sale and purchase business for second hand tankers as well as newbuilding contracting. Mr. Matsui established Matsui & Company, Ltd. in 1971, a ship brokerage in Tokyo, of which he currently serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Matsui also serves as the managing director of The Japan Shipping Exchange, Inc. and as a director for The Japanese Shipbrokers Association. He has also acted as a maritime arbitrator for The Japanese Shipbrokers Association and is currently a vice chairman of its Maritime Arbitration Committee. In addition, Mr. Matsui served as a director for TK Advisory Board from 1992 to 2007 and as a non-executive director for Golden Ocean Group from 1993 to 2000, a company founded by Mr. Cheng in 1978. Prior to founding Matsui & Company, Ltd., Mr. Matsui served as a tanker chartering broker for Shipbrokers Matsui & Company. Mr. Matsui received his B.A. in English Law from Meiji University in Tokyo.
Marios Pantazopoulos has been Energy Infrastructure’s chief financial officer since inception and a director since December 2005. Since September 2006 he has been the General Manager of LMZ Transoil Shipping Enterprises S.A., an Athens-based ship management company. Between 1998 and 2005, he was the chief financial officer of Oceanbulk Maritime SA, an Athens-based ship management company that is part of the Oceanbulk Group of affiliated companies. At Oceanbulk, Mr. Pantazopoulos was responsible for Oceanbulk’s banking relationships including financing and private wealth management. He facilitated bilateral and syndicated loans with the world’s ten largest shipping banks and also arranged access to private equity in the US capital markets. During his tenure at Oceanbulk, his responsibilities also included assessing non-shipping projects, coordinating auditing procedures, reporting to stockholders and supervising Oceanbulk’s financial operations. Before joining Oceanbulk, Mr. Pantazopoulos served from 1991 to 1998, as an assistant director for the project finance and shipping department of Hambros Bank Plc, a UK merchant bank, which was acquired in 1998 by Société Générale. At Hambros, Mr. Pantazopoulos was primarily responsible for managing the bank’s shipping loan portfolio in Greece as well as providing other investment banking services such as mergers and acquisitions, private finance initiative projects, structured leases, treasury products and private wealth management. Mr. Pantazopoulos was part of the Hambros Bank’s team for the privatization of Hellenic Shipyards SA and was a board member at Alpha Trust SA, a private fund management company in Greece. Mr. Pantazopoulos received his BSc in Economics from Athens University of Economics & Business in 1988, and his MSc in Shipping Trade & Finance from City University Business School in London, UK, in 1991.
Mark Pawleywill be a member of Energy Merger’s board of directors and the chair of its audit committee upon completion of the Business Combination. Mr. Pawley has over 20 years of experience in the financial services industry. Since August 2007, he has been the Chief Executive officer, Executive Director and Founding Partner of Oxley Capital, a Singapore-based private investment company. He currently serves as the
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Executive Director of Eighth Wonder International Limited, CREIM Limited and BCC Capital. Mr. Pawley was also an Executive Director of Ninja Investments Limited from 2007 to 2008 and Coole Investments Limited in 2008. Mr. Pawley has held various executive positions at Credit Suisse in London and Singapore. From 2002 to 2005, Mr. Pawley served as Chief Operating Officer of Asia Pacific Investment Banking and served on the Asia Pacific Executive Management Committee. In this capacity, his responsibilities included overseeing regional offices in Singapore, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Manila, Shanghai, Beijing, Hong Kong, Taipei, Seoul, Sydney and Melbourne, all internal administration and business strategy as well as supervising the finance and controlling function headed by the Chief Financial Officer. From 2002 to 2007, Mr. Pawley served as Head of the Real Estate, Gaming and Lodging and Financial Sponsors Coverage Industry Groups. In this capacity, his responsibilities included providing investment banking services including financial advisory, capital raising and lending throughout Asia. From 2000 to 2007, Mr. Pawley served on the Asia Pacific Investment Banking Committee. Mr. Pawley had also served as Chief Operating Officer of Credit Suisse's Global Emerging Markets Coverage Group, responsible for all internal administration and business strategy. In addition, Mr. Pawley was a business consultant to UBS, a universal bank, in London and Zurich. Mr. Pawley has also served as a management consultant with Metapraxis Ltd, a consulting firm, as well as a product manager at a division of Barclays Bank in the UK. Previously, Mr. Pawley held various positions at National Westminster Bank, a UK commercial and investment banking firm. Mr. Pawley received his BA (Honors) in Economics from Essex University in 1986.
Rod Teeplewill be a member of Energy Merger’s board of directors and will serve on its audit committee upon completion of the Business Combination. Mr. Teeple is currently the Managing Director and member of the investment committee at ClearLake Advisors, L.L.C., an alternative investment boutique with expertise in hedge funds and private equity. Prior to joining ClearLake, Mr. Teeple had over 10 years of corporate advisory and investment banking experience. From 2004 to 2006, Mr. Teeple was a Vice President with Credit Suisse in Hong Kong where he focused on transportation and infrastructure companies in Asia. From 2002 to 2004, Mr. Teeple was a Vice President with Credit Suisse based in California where he advised leading global companies in North America, Europe and Asia. Previously, Mr. Teeple was a Senior Associate at Robertson Stephens in San Francisco where he led numerous transactions with communications hardware and software as well as internet infrastructure companies. In addition, Mr. Teeple was an Associate at DLJ in Houston where he executed transactions in the energy industry. Mr. Teeple was also an Associate with A.T. Kearney in California. Mr. Teeple served over six years as an officer in the United States Navy where he was a SEAL Platoon Commander. He has an MBA from the Anderson School at UCLA and an AB with honors from Harvard College where he studied economics.
Energy Merger’s board of directors is divided into three classes with only one class of directors being elected in each year and following the initial term for each such class, each class will serve a three-year term. The term of office of the Class A directors, consisting of Mr. Pantazopoulos and Mr. Matsui, will expire at Energy Merger’s 2009 annual meeting of stockholders. The term of office of the Class B directors, consisting of Mr. Widmer, Mr. Lawson and Mr. Teeple will expire at the 2010 annual meeting. The term of office of the Class C directors, consisting of Captain Vanderperre, Mr. Cheng and Mr. Pawley, will expire at the 2011 annual meeting.
The one vacancy for a Class A director on Energy Merger’s board of directors will be filled subsequent to the Business Combination. In accordance with Energy Merger’s corporate governance policies, recommendations for individuals to fill this vacancy will be made by a majority of Energy Merger’s independent directors. Pursuant to Energy Merger’s amended and restated articles of incorporation as are expected to be in effect upon completion of the Business Combination, the vacancy will then be filled by the affirmative vote of not less than six of Energy Merger’s existing directors.
Director Independence
Energy Merger’s securities are expected to be listed on the American Stock Exchange. Energy Merger has evaluated whether the directors who will be elected to its board immediately prior to completion of the Business Combination will be “independent directors” within the meaning of the rules of the American Stock Exchange. Such rules provide generally that a director will not qualify as an “independent director” unless the board of directors of the listed company affirmatively determines that the director has no material relationship with the listed company that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment. In addition, such
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rules generally provide that a director will not qualify as an “independent director” if: (i) the director is, or in the past three years has been, employed by the listed company; (ii) the director has an immediate family member who is, or in the past three years has been, an executive officer of the listed company; (iii) the director or a member of the director’s immediate family has received payments from the listed company of more than $100,000 during the current or any of the past three years, other than for (among other things) service as a director and payments arising solely from investments in securities of the listed company; (iv) the director or a member of the director’s immediate family is a current partner of the independent auditors of the listed company or is, or in the past three years, has been, employed by such auditors in a professional capacity and worked on the audit of the listed company; (v) the director or a member of the director’s immediate family is, or in the past three years has been, employed as an executive officer of a company where one of the executive officers of the listed company serves on the compensation committee; or (vi) the director or a member of the director’s immediate family is a partner in, or a controlling stockholder or an executive officer of, an entity that makes payments to or receive payments from the listed company in an amount which, in any fiscal year during the past three years, exceeds the greater of $200,000 or 5% of the other entity’s consolidated gross revenue.
The corporate governance rules of the American Stock Exchange generally require that a listed company have a sufficient number of independent directors on its board such that a majority of the directors are independent directors. Energy Merger’s board of directors has determined that four of the eight directors who will serve on its board immediately prior to completion of the Business Combination will be “independent directors” within the meaning of such rules. It is the board’s intention to fill its one vacancy with an additional independent director. Until such time as Energy Merger’s board is composed of a majority of independent directors, it intends to take advantage of an exemption to the listing standards of the American Stock Exchange that allows foreign private issuers to follow “home country practice” in certain corporate governance matters. Energy Merger’s Marshall Islands counsel has provided a letter to the American Stock Exchange certifying that under Marshall Islands law, Energy Merger is not required to have a majority of independent directors serving on its board of directors.
Audit Committee
Energy Merger’s board of directors will establish an Audit Committee immediately prior to completion of the Business Combination, which will have powers and perform the functions customarily performed by such a committee (including those required of such a committee under the rules of the American Stock Exchange and the Securities and Exchange Commission). Energy Merger’s Audit Committee will be composed of Mr. Lawson, Mr. Pawley and Mr. Teeple. Energy Merger’s Audit Committee will be responsible for meeting with its independent registered public accounting firm regarding, among other matters, audits and adequacy of its accounting and control systems. The Audit Committee must be composed of at least three directors who comply with the independence rules of the American Stock Exchange and The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and at least one of whom is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined under Item 401 of Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act. Energy Merger will adopt a charter for its Audit Committee immediately prior to completion of the Business Combination. Energy Merger’s board of directors expects that Mr. Pawley will qualify as an “audit committee financial expert.”
Code of Conduct and Ethics
Immediately prior to completion of the Business Combination, Energy Merger will adopt a code of conduct and ethics applicable to its directors and officers in accordance with applicable federal securities laws and the rules of the American Stock Exchange.
Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers
For the period ended December 31, 2007, no executives or directors of Energy Merger had received any compensation from Energy Merger. After the consummation of the Business Combination, Energy Merger expects to compensate each of its directors, other than those directors who are employed by or otherwise affiliated with Energy Merger’s Manager, in accordance with market standards that are customary for publicly traded companies in the tanker segment of the shipping industry.
Energy Merger has not had any employees since inception and does not contemplate hiring employees subsequent to the Business Combination. Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the Manager, a
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newly formed ship management company, will enter into a management agreement with Energy Merger under which the Manager will be responsible for substantially all of Energy Merger’s operations. Energy Merger’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, initially expected to be Mr. Fred Cheng and Mr. Christoph Widmer, respectively, will be made available to Energy Merger by the Manager to manage Energy Merger’s day-to-day operations and all aspects of its financial control. Because Energy Merger’s management agreement will provide that its Manager assumes principal responsibility for managing its affairs, Energy Merger’s executive officers will not receive a salary or bonus from Energy Merger for serving as its executive officers. However, in their capacities as officers or employees of Energy Merger, they will devote such portion of their time to Energy Merger’s affairs as is required for the performance of the duties of Energy Merger’s Manager under the management agreement. Because the services performed by Energy Merger’s executive officers will not be performed exclusively for Energy Merger, its executive officers and Manager are unable to segregate and identify that portion of the compensation that will be awarded to, earned by or paid to Energy Merger’s executive officers by the Manager that relates solely to their services to Energy Merger.
Energy Merger’s Manager and Management Agreement
General
The Manager and certain of its affiliates will provide the commercial, administrative, technical and crew management services necessary to support Energy Merger’s business. The Manager is a newly formed ship management company co-founded by Captain Vanderperre, who will be the Chairman of Energy Merger’s board of directors following the Business Combination, and Mr. Cheng, who will be a director and Chief Executive Officer of Energy Merger following the Business Combination. The Manager is controlled by Captain Vanderperre. Captain Vanderperre and Mr. Cheng are also the co-founders and directors of Vanship, the company from which Energy Merger will acquire its initial fleet. Captain Vanderperre is the founder of Univan, an affiliate of the Manager and the company which we expect will provide technical management of the fleet.
The staff of the Manager and its affiliated companies have skills in all aspects of ship management, insurance, budget management, safety and environment, commercial management and human resource management. A number of such staff also have sea-going experience, having served aboard vessels at a senior rank.
Management Agreement
The following summary of the material terms of the management agreement and technical services agreements does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the respective agreements. Because the following is only a summary, it does not contain all information that you may find useful. For more complete information, you should read the entire form of management agreement (including the form of technical services agreement attached as an exhibit thereto) filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part.
Energy Merger expects to enter into a management agreement with the Manager upon the closing of the Business Combination. Under the management agreement, substantially all aspects of Energy Merger’s operations, including the commercial management of the vessels in Energy Merger’s fleet and the procurement and supervision of technical services, will be performed by the Manager and its affiliated companies, as an independent contractor, under the supervision of Energy Merger’s board of directors. Energy Merger’s Chief Executive Officer, expected to be Mr. Fred Cheng, and Energy Merger’s President and Chief Financial Officer, initially expected to be Mr. Christoph Widmer, will be made available to Energy Merger by the Manager to manage Energy Merger’s day-to-day operations and all aspects of its financial control. The Manager will be required to exercise all due care, skill and diligence in carrying out its duties, except that the Manager may have regard to its overall responsibility in relation to all vessels entrusted to its management. The Manager will be responsible for and will indemnify Energy Merger for loss, damage or expense resulting from fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct in performing its duties or for any material and continuing breach of the agreement by the Manager.
Under the management agreement, the Manager will be responsible for providing Energy Merger with substantially all of the commercial and administrative services which it is likely to require to carry on its business, including the following:
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| • | strategic services, which include chartering Energy Merger’s vessels, managing Energy Merger’s relationships with its charterers, locating, purchasing and selling Energy Merger’s vessels, providing general strategic planning services and implementing corporate strategy, providing business development services, developing acquisition and divestiture strategies, working closely on the integration of any acquired business, negotiating pre- and post-delivery financing for vessels, arranging the provision of tax planning, leasing or other tax savings initiatives, corporate planning and such other services consistent with the foregoing as Energy Merger may reasonably identify from time to time. |
| • | commercial management services, which include administering Energy Merger’s charter agreements, monitoring the payment to Energy Merger or the SPVs of charter hire and other moneys to which it may be entitled, furnishing voyage instructions to the crew of Energy Merger’s vessels, arranging scheduling of Energy Merger’s vessels and carrying out communications with the parties involved with the receiving and handling of Energy Merger’s vessels at loading and discharging ports. |
| • | administrative services, which include the maintenance of Energy Merger’s corporate books and records, the administration of its payroll services, the assistance with the preparation of its tax returns (and arranging payment by Energy Merger of all of Energy Merger’s taxes) and financial statements, assistance with corporate and regulatory compliance matters not related to Energy Merger’s vessels, procuring legal and accounting services (including the preparation of all necessary budgets for submission to Energy Merger’s board of directors), assistance in complying with the U.S. and other relevant securities laws (including compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002), making recommendations to Energy Merger for the appointment of advisors and experts, development and monitoring of internal controls over financial reporting, disclosure controls and information technology, assistance with all regulatory and reporting functions and obligations, furnishing any reports or financial information that might reasonably be requested by Energy Merger and other non-vessel related administrative services (including all annual, quarterly, current and other reports Energy Merger is required to file with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act), assistance with office space, providing legal and financial compliance services, overseeing banking services (including the opening, closing, operation and management of all of Energy Merger’s accounts including making any deposits and withdrawals reasonably necessary for the management of Energy Merger’s business and day-to-day operations), providing all administrative services required for subsequent debt and equity financings and attending to all other administrative matters necessary to ensure the professional management of Energy Merger’s business. |
| • | supervisory services, which include the procurement of a technical manager to provide technical services, the supervision of the technical manager in its provision of such services and other usual and customary services with respect to each vessel and its crew. |
| • | pre-delivery services, which include overseeing and supervising, or procuring a third party to oversee and supervise, the design and construction of any newbuilding vessels prior to delivery to Energy Merger and liaising, or procuring a third party to liaise, with the shipbuilder, applicable classification society, suppliers and other service providers to ensure that newbuildings are being constructed in accordance with the relevant shipbuilding contract and classification society requirements. |
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In exchange for the services provided to Energy Merger under the management agreement, Energy Merger will pay the Manager the following fees:
| • | a monthly administrative services fee, payable monthly in advance as follows: |
| | |
For the period beginning the date of completion of the Business Combination and ending June 30, 2009 | | $25,000 per month |
For the twelve months ending June 30, 2010 | | $50,000 per month |
For the twelve months ending June 30, 2011 | | $75,000 per month |
| • | a management services fee of $3,500 per day per each vessel acquired by Energy Merger after the date of the Business Combination, payable monthly in advance; |
| • | a commission fee equal to 1.25% calculated on the gross freight, demurrage, charter hire, profit share and ballast bonus obtained for the employment of each vessel on contracts or charter parties entered into with respect to such vessels during the term of the management agreement, or for the employment of any vessels purchased by Energy Merger after completion of the Business Combination (including each vessel subject to the Option Agreement described under “The Share Purchase Agreement — Option Agreement”); and |
| • | a commission equal to 1.00% calculated on the price set forth in the memorandum of agreement of any vessel bought or sold for or on behalf of Energy Merger or any of its subsidiaries (including the vessels subject to the Option Agreement described under “The Share Purchase Agreement — Option Agreement”); and |
| • | such additional fees or other compensation to be agreed between Energy Merger and the Company with respect to any pre-delivery services that may be provided to Energy Merger in the future. |
The administrative services fee and management services fee are subject to adjustment annually beginning in July 2011, with such adjustments to be mutually agreed between Energy Merger and the Manager, or decided by an independent arbitrator in the event that Energy Merger and the Manager are unable to reach agreement with respect to such adjustments.
Subject to the termination rights described below, the initial term of the management agreement will expire on December 31, 2028. If not terminated, the management agreement shall automatically renew for a five-year period and shall thereafter be extended in additional five-year increments if neither the Manager nor Energy Merger provides notice of termination prior to the six month period immediately preceding the end of the respective term. The management agreement provides that the determination of Energy Merger as to whether to terminate the agreement at the end of any respective term shall be made by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of Energy Merger’s independent directors.
Energy Merger may also terminate the management agreement under any of the following circumstances:
| • | if at any time the Manager materially breaches the management agreement and the matter is unresolved after a 90-day dispute resolution; |
| • | if at any time (1) the Manager has been convicted of, or has entered into a plea bargain or plea of nolo contendre or settlement admitting guilt for a crime, which conviction, plea or settlement is demonstrably and materially injurious to Energy Merger and (2) the holders of a majority of Energy Merger’s outstanding shares of common stock elect to terminate the management agreement; |
| • | if at any time the Manager experiences certain bankruptcy or insolvency events; |
| • | if any person or persons other than Captain Charles Arthur Joseph Vanderperre, Mr. Fred Cheng, or Mr. Christoph Widmer, any trust established for the benefit, in whole or in part, of any of the foregoing individuals, or any affiliate of any of the foregoing individuals or trusts obtain a majority of the voting control of the Manager and Energy Merger does not consent to the change of control, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; or |
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| • | if the Manager sells, leases, transfers, conveys or otherwise disposes, in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of its assets to any person or persons other than Captain Charles Arthur Joseph Vanderperre, Mr. Fred Cheng, or Mr. Christoph Widmer, any trust established for the benefit, in whole or in part, of any of the foregoing individuals, or any affiliate of any of the foregoing individuals or trusts without the consent of Energy Merger, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. |
The Manager can terminate the agreement prior to the end of its term if at any time Energy Merger materially breaches the agreement and the matter is unresolved after a 90-day dispute resolution or in the event of a change of control of Energy Merger. A change of control of Energy Merger means the occurrence of any of the following:
| • | the sale, lease, transfer, conveyance or other disposition (other than by way of merger or consolidation), in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of Energy Merger’s assets without the prior written consent of the Manager, which consent may be arbitrarily withheld; |
| • | if at any time Energy Merger experiences certain bankruptcy or insolvency events; |
| • | the consummation of any transaction (including, without limitation, any merger or consolidation) the result of which is that any person, other than certain owners and affiliates of the Manager, becomes the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of more than a majority of Energy Merger’s voting shares, measured by voting power rather than number of shares, unless the Manager shall have consented to such transaction; |
| • | Energy Merger consolidates with, or merges with or into, any person, or any such person consolidates with, or merges with or into, Energy Merger, in any such event pursuant to a transaction in which any of Energy Merger’s outstanding common shares are converted into or exchanged for cash, securities or other property, or receive a payment of cash securities or other property other than any such transaction where Energy Merger’s shares of common stock are outstanding immediately prior to such transaction are converted into or exchanged for voting stock of the surviving or transferee person constituting a majority of the outstanding shares of such voting stock of such surviving or transferee person immediately after giving effect to such issuance; and |
| • | the first day on which a majority of the members of Energy Merger’s board of directors are neither (i) a member of Energy Merger’s board of directors immediately following completion of the Business Combination, or (ii) was nominated for election or elected to Energy Merger’s board of directors with the approval of at least 67% of the directors then in office who were either directors immediately after the completion of the Business Combination or whose nomination or election was previously so approved. |
The Manager may subcontract or delegate any of its duties and obligations under the management to any of its affiliates without the consent of Energy Merger and may subcontract or delegate any of its duties and obligations to non-affiliates with the consent of Energy Merger.
The management agreement contemplates that the Manager will initially nominate Univan Ship Management International Limited, or Univan International, as technical manager, with technical management subcontracted from Univan International to Univan. Univan International and Univan are subsidiaries of Univan Group Holdings Limited, an entity owned and controlled by Captain Vanderperre. We expect that each SPV will enter into a technical services agreement with Univan International upon or immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination. The services to be provided to the SPVs under the technical services agreements include the following:
| • | technical services, which include managing day-to-day vessel operations, arranging and supervising general vessel maintenance, ensuring regulatory compliance and compliance with the law of the flag of each vessel and of the places where the vessel trades, ensuring classification society compliance, supervising the maintenance and general efficiency of vessels, arranging for and supervising normally scheduled drydocking and general and routine repairs, arranging insurance for vessels (including marine hull and machinery insurance, protection and indemnity insurance and war risks), |
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| | purchasing stores, supplies, spares, lubricating oil and equipment for vessels, appointing supervisors and technical consultants and providing technical support and shoreside support, and attending to all other technical matters necessary to run Energy Merger’s business; and |
| • | crew management services, which include the recruiting, training, managing, supervising, transportation, and insurance of the crew, ensuring that the applicable laws of the flag of the vessels and all places where the vessels trade are satisfied in respect of manning levels, rank, qualification and certification of the crew and employment regulations, and performing any other function in connection with the crew as may be requested by Energy Merger. |
Under the technical management agreements, each SPV will be required to pay Univan International an amount equal to the vessel operating expenses and a monthly management fee of $9,500 per vessel. The technical management agreements may be terminated by either party with twelve months prior notice and the monthly management fee will be subject to re-negotiation between the Manager and Energy Merger annually. In addition, Univan International will be entitled to retain all normal or customary commissions, discounts and rebates arising out of the performance of services for the SPVs. Budgeted vessel operating expenses will be payable by each SPV monthly in advance.
Equity Incentive Plan
Subsequent to the Business Combination, Energy Merger may adopt an equity incentive plan in order to provide the board of directors a mechanism for incentivizing the Manager and key employees of the Manager. We expect that if adopted, the board of directors would reserve approximately [ ] shares of Energy Merger’s common stock for awards under such plan. The rules of the American Stock Exchange generally require shareholder approval of an equity incentive plan but Energy Merger may seek to take advantage of any exemptions available to it as a foreign private issuer to adopt and grant awards under an equity incentive plan without obtaining shareholder approval.
Properties
Energy Merger expects to lease office space in Hong Kong.
Competition
The market for international seaborne crude oil transportation services is fragmented and highly competitive. Seaborne crude oil transportation services generally are provided by two main types of operators: major oil company captive fleets (both private and state-owned) and independent ship owner fleets. In addition, several owners and operators pool their vessels together on an ongoing basis, and such pools are available to customers to the same extent as independently owned and operated fleets. Many major oil companies and other oil trading companies also operate their own vessels and use such vessels not only to transport their own crude oil but also to transport crude oil for third party charterers in direct competition with independent owners and operators in the tanker charter market. Competition for charters is intense and is based upon price, location, size, age, condition and acceptability of the vessel and its manager. Competition is also affected by the availability of other size vessels to compete in the trades in which Energy Merger will engage.
Environmental and Other Regulations
Government regulations significantly affect the ownership and operation of Energy Merger’s vessels. The vessels will be subject to international conventions, national, state and local laws and regulations in force in the countries in which Energy Merger’s vessels may operate or are registered.
A variety of governmental and private entities will subject Energy Merger’s vessels to both scheduled and unscheduled inspections. These entities include the local port authorities (U.S. Coast Guard, harbor master or equivalent), classification societies, flag state administration (country of registry) and charterers. Certain of these entities will require Energy Merger to obtain permits, licenses and certificates for the operation of its vessels. Failure to maintain necessary permits or approvals could cause Energy Merger to incur substantial costs or temporarily suspend operation of one or more of its vessels.
Energy Merger believes that the heightened level of environmental and quality concerns among insurance underwriters, regulators and charterers is leading to greater inspection and safety requirements on all vessels
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and may accelerate the scrapping of older vessels throughout the shipping industry. Increasing environmental concerns have created a demand for vessels that conform to stricter environmental standards. Energy Merger will be required to maintain operating standards for all of its vessels that emphasize operational safety, quality maintenance, continuous training of our officers and crews and compliance with United States and international regulations. Energy Merger believes that the operation of its vessels will be in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations applicable to Energy Merger.
International Maritime Organization
The United Nations’ International Maritime Organization, or IMO, has negotiated international conventions that impose liability for oil pollution in international waters and a signatory’s territorial waters. One of the more important of these conventions is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 1973/1978). In September 1997, the IMO adopted Annex VI to MARPOL 1973/1978 to address air pollution from ships. Annex VI was ratified in May 2004, and became effective in May 2005. Annex VI set limits on sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from ship exhausts and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons. Annex VI also includes a global cap on the sulfur content of fuel oil and allows for special areas to be established with more stringent controls on sulfur emissions. The IMO adopted various amendments to Annexes I and II to this convention in 2004 which became effective as of January 1, 2007. The fleet of vessels we will acquire has conformed to these regulations. Additional or new conventions, laws and regulations may be adopted that could adversely affect Energy Merger’s ability to operate its vessels.
The operation of Energy Merger’s vessels will also be affected by the requirements set forth in the ISM Code. The ISM Code requires shipowners and entities who have assumed the responsibility for operation of a vessel such as the Manager or bareboat charterers to develop and maintain an extensive “Safety Management System” that includes the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for safe operation and describing procedures for dealing with emergencies. The failure of a shipowner or management company to comply with the ISM Code may subject such party to increased liability, may decrease available insurance coverage for the affected vessels, and may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports. Each of Energy Merger’s vessels is expected to be ISM Code-certified. If any vessel does not maintain its ISM certification, the vessel will be unable to carry cargo between ports and will be unemployable and uninsurable. Any such inability to carry cargo or be employed, or any such violation of covenants, could have a material adverse impact on its financial condition and results of operations.
The United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990
The United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, established an extensive regulatory and liability regime for the protection and cleanup of the environment from oil spills. OPA affects all owners and operators whose vessels trade in the United States, its territories and possessions or whose vessels operate in United States waters, which includes the United States’ territorial sea and its 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone.
Under OPA, vessel owners, operators, charterers and management companies are “responsible parties” and are jointly, severally and strictly liable (unless the spill results solely from the act or omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of war) for all containment and clean-up costs and other damages arising from discharges or threatened discharges of oil from their vessels, including bunkers (fuel).
OPA limits the liability of responsible parties to $1,200 per gross tonne or $10,000,000 in the case of a vessel greater than 3,000 gross tonnes or $2,000,000 in the case of a vessel of 3,000 tonnes or less. This limit applies to tank vessels and does not apply if an incident was directly caused by violation of applicable United States federal safety, construction or operating regulations or by a responsible party’s gross negligence or wilful misconduct, or if the responsible party fails or refuses to report the incident or to cooperate and assist in connection with oil removal activities. A tank vessel under OPA is one constructed or adapted to carry, or that carries oil or hazardous material in bulk as cargo or cargo residue.
Energy Merger expects to maintain for each of its vessel’s pollution liability coverage insurance in the amount of $1 billion per incident. If the damages from a catastrophic pollution liability incident exceed its insurance coverage, it could have a material adverse effect on Energy Merger’s financial condition and results of operations.
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OPA requires owners and operators of vessels to establish and maintain with the United States Coast Guard evidence of financial responsibility sufficient to meet their potential liabilities under the OPA. In December 1994, the Coast Guard implemented regulations requiring evidence of financial responsibility in the amount of $1,500 per gross ton, which includes the OPA limitation on liability of $1,200 per gross ton and the U.S. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act liability limit of $300 per gross ton. Under the regulations, vessel owners and operators may evidence their financial responsibility by showing proof of insurance, surety bond, self-insurance, or guaranty. Under OPA, an owner or operator of a fleet of vessels is required only to demonstrate evidence of financial responsibility in an amount sufficient to cover the vessel in the fleet having the greatest maximum liability under OPA.
OPA specifically permits individual states to impose their own liability regimes with regard to oil pollution incidents occurring within their boundaries, and some states have enacted legislation providing for unlimited liability for oil spills. In some cases, states, which have enacted such legislation, have not yet issued implementing regulations defining vessels owners’ responsibilities under these laws. Energy Merger intends to comply in the future, with all applicable state regulations in the ports where its vessels call.
Other Environmental Initiatives
The European Union is considering legislation that will affect the operation of vessels and the liability of owners for oil pollution. It is difficult to predict what legislation, if any, may be promulgated by the European Union or any other country or authority.
Many countries have ratified and follow the liability scheme adopted by the IMO and set out in the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969, or the 1969 Convention, and the Convention for the Establishment of an International Fund for Oil Pollution of 1971, or the 1971 Fund Convention. The 1971 Fund Convention was replaced by the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage of 1992, or the 1992 Fund Convention, on May 24, 2002. Under the 1992 Fund Convention, as was the case with the 1971 Fund Convention, oil receivers in countries that are party to the 1992 Fund Convention are liable for the payment of supplementary compensation. Under these conventions, a vessel’s registered owner is strictly liable for pollution damage caused in the territorial waters of a contracting state by discharge of persistent oil, subject to certain complete defenses. Many of the countries that have ratified these conventions and the 1992 Protocol to the 1969 Convention have increased the liability limits. In October 2000, amendments were adopted and came into force on November 1, 2003 which further increased the liability limits. The liability limits in the countries that have ratified these changes are tied to a unit of account (Special Drawing Rights, or SDRs), which varies according to a basket of currencies. On December 31, 2007 it was 1 SDR = $1.58025. For vessels of 5,000 to 140,000 gross tons (a unit of measurement for the total enclosed spaces within a vessel), liability is limited to 4.610 million units of account (approximately $7.285 million as at December 31, 2007) plus 6.31 units of account (approximately $10 as at December 31, 2007) for each additional gross ton over 5,000. For vessels over 140,000 gross tons, liability is limited to 89.770 million units of account (approximately $142 million as at December 31, 2007). The right to limit liability is forfeited under the 1969 Convention where the spill is caused by the owner’s actual fault or privity and, under the 1992 Protocol, where the spill is caused by the owner’s intentional or reckless conduct. Vessels trading to contracting states must provide evidence of insurance covering the limited liability of the owner. In jurisdictions where the 1969 Convention has not been adopted, various legislative schemes or common law govern, and liability is imposed either on the basis of fault or in a manner similar to the 1969 Convention.
In May 2003, the IMO adopted a Protocol to the 1992 Fund Convention (the Supplementary Fund Protocol). The Supplementary Fund Protocol provides for the establishment of a fund to supplement the compensation available under the 1992 Fund Convention and as was the case with the 1992 Fund Convention, will be funded by oil receivers. The Supplementary Fund Protocol is optional and participation is open to all states that are parties to the 1992 Fund Convention. The total amount of compensation payable for any one incident will be limited to a combined total of $750 million SDRs ($1.185 billion as at December 31, 2007) including the amount of compensation paid under the existing 1969 Convention and 1992 Fund Convention. The Supplementary Fund Protocol entered into force on March 3, 2005.
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To ease the burden on oil receivers under the Supplementary Fund Protocol, voluntary agreements have been reached among tanker owners indemnified through members of the International Group of P&I Clubs. Energy Merger is expected to be a member of P&I Clubs which themselves are parts of the International Group. Under the Tanker Oil Pollution Indemnification Agreement 2006, or TOPIA, ship owners of larger tankers indemnify the supplementary fund for 50% of the compensation it pays under the Supplementary Fund Protocol caused by tankers in states that have adopted the Supplementary Fund Protocol. The scheme is established by a legally binding agreement between the owners of tankers which are insured against oil pollution risks by P&I Clubs in the International Group. In all but a relatively small number of cases, ships of this description will automatically be entered into TOPIA as a condition of club cover.
Vessel Security Regulations
Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, there have been a variety of initiatives by United States authorities intended to enhance vessel security. On November 25, 2002, the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 (“MTSA”), came into effect. To implement certain portions of the MTSA, in July 2003, the U.S. Coast Guard issued regulations requiring the implementation of certain security requirements aboard vessels operating in waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. Similarly, in December 2002, amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, or SOLAS, created a new chapter of the convention dealing specifically with maritime security. The new chapter went into effect in July 2004, and imposes various detailed security obligations on vessels and port authorities, most of which are contained in the newly created ISPS Code. Among the various requirements are:
| • | on-board installation of automatic information systems, or AIS, to enhance vessel-to-vessel and vessel-to-shore communications; |
| • | on-board installation of ship security alert systems; |
| • | the development of vessel security plans; and |
| • | compliance with flag state security certification requirements. |
The U.S. Coast Guard regulations, intended to align with international maritime security standards, exempt non-U.S. vessels from MTSA vessel security measures provided such vessels have on board, by July 1, 2004, a valid International Ship Security Certificate that attests to the vessel’s compliance with SOLAS security requirements and the ISPS Code. Energy Merger’s vessels will be in compliance with the various security measures addressed by the MTSA, SOLAS and the ISPS Code. Energy Merger does not believe these additional requirements will have a material financial impact on its operations.
Inspection by Classification Societies
Every seagoing vessel must be “classed” by a classification society. The classification society certifies that the vessel is “in class,” signifying that the vessel has been built and maintained in accordance with the rules of the classification society and complies with applicable rules and regulations of the vessel’s country of registry and the international conventions of which that country is a member. In addition, where surveys are required by international conventions and corresponding laws and ordinances of a flag state, the classification society will undertake them on application or by official order, acting on behalf of the authorities concerned.
The classification society also undertakes on request other surveys and checks that are required by regulations and requirements of the flag state. These surveys are subject to agreements made in each individual case and/or to the regulations of the country concerned.
For maintenance of the class, regular and extraordinary surveys of hull, machinery, including the electrical plant, and any special equipment classed are required to be performed as follows:
Annual Surveys: For seagoing ships, annual surveys are conducted for the hull and the machinery, including the electrical plant, and where applicable for special equipment classed, at intervals of 12 months from the date of commencement of the class period indicated in the certificate.
Intermediate Surveys: Extended annual surveys are referred to as intermediate surveys and typically are conducted approximately two and one-half years after commissioning and each class renewal. The hull portion of the survey will be conducted while the vessel is in drydock unless the vessel is less than 15 years of age
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and regulatory approvals, if required, have been obtained to inspect the hull while afloat rather than in drydock. In any event the vessel must be drydocked at least once in each five-year period.
Class Renewal Surveys: Class renewal surveys, also known as special surveys, are carried out for the ship’s hull, machinery, including the electrical plant, and for any special equipment classed, at the intervals indicated by the character of classification for the hull. At the special survey, the vessel is thoroughly examined, including audio-gauging to determine the thickness of the steel structures. Should the thickness be found to be less than class requirements, the classification society would prescribe steel renewals. The classification society may grant a one-year grace period for completion of the special survey. Substantial amounts of money may have to be spent for steel renewals to pass a special survey if the vessel experiences excessive wear and tear. In lieu of the special survey every four or five years, depending on whether a grace period was granted, a shipowner has the option of arranging with the classification society for the vessel’s hull or machinery to be on a continuous survey cycle, in which every part of the vessel would be surveyed within a five-year cycle.
At an owner’s application, the surveys required for class renewal may be split according to an agreed schedule to extend over the entire period of class. This process is referred to as continuous class renewal.
All areas subject to survey as defined by the classification society are required to be surveyed at least once per class period, unless shorter intervals between surveys are prescribed elsewhere. The period between two subsequent surveys of each area must not exceed five years.
The vessels in Energy Merger’s fleet that are more than fifteen year old will be required to be drydocked every 24 to 36 months. Vessels that are less than fifteen years old will be required to be drydocked at least every five years. These drydockings are required for inspection of the underwater parts and for repairs related to inspections. If any defects are found, the classification surveyor will issue a “recommendation” which must be rectified by the ship owner within prescribed time limits.
Most insurance underwriters make it a condition for insurance coverage that a vessel be certified as “in class” by a classification society which is a member of the International Association of Classification Societies. Energy Merger’s vessels are expected to be certified as being “in class” by a classification society that is a member of the International Association of Classification Societies.
The following table shows the schedule pursuant to which the vessels in Energy Merger’s fleet are anticipated to undergo intermediate and special surveys, based on the age of the related vessel.
| | | | | | |
Survey Number | | Type of Survey | | Age of Vessel (in Years) | | Estimated Number of Days |
1 | | | Intermediate | (1) | | | 2.50 | | | | 3 | |
2 | | | Special Survey | (2) | | | 5.00 | | | | 25 | |
3 | | | Intermediate | (1) | | | 7.50 | | | | 3 | |
4 | | | Special Survey | (2) | | | 10.00 | | | | 25 | |
5 | | | Intermediate | (1) | | | 12.50 | | | | 3 | |
6 | | | Special Survey | (2) | | | 15.00 | | | | 25 | |
7 | | | Intermediate | (2) | | | 17.50 | | | | 3 | |
8 | | | Special Survey | (2) | | | 20.00 | | | | 25 | |
9 | | | Intermediate | (2) | | | 22.50 | |
10 | | | Special Survey | (2) | | | 25.00 | | | | 25 | |
11 | | | Intermediate | (2) | | | 27.50 | | | | 3 | |
12 | | | Special Survey | (2) | | | 30.00 | | | | 25 | |
| (1) | Survey may be conducted in-water. |
| (2) | Survey must be conducted during drydock. |
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The following table sets forth the next scheduled intermediate survey or special survey for each of the vessels that we will acquire. The ability to meet this schedule will depend on our ability to generate sufficient cash flows from operations.
| | | | |
Vessel | | Date | | Maintenance Type |
C. Dream | | | September 2008 | | | | Intermediate Survey (In water) | |
Shinyo Splendor | | | October 2008 | | | | Special Survey (Drydocking) | |
Shinyo Navigator | | | January 2009 | | | | Intermediate Survey (In water) | |
Shinyo Ocean | | | May 2009 | | | | Intermediate Survey (In water) | |
Shinyo Kannika | | | June 2009 | | | | Intermediate Survey (In water) | |
Shinyo Alliance | | | August 2009 | | | | Intermediate Survey (Drydocking) | |
Shinyo Mariner | | | August 2009 | | | | Intermediate Survey (Drydocking) | |
Shinyo Sawako | | | March 2010 | | | | Special Survey (Drydocking) | |
Shinyo Jubilee | | | October 2010 | | | | Intermediate Survey (Drydocking) | |
Risk of Loss and Liability Insurance
General
The operation of any cargo vessel includes risks such as mechanical failure, physical damage, collision, property loss, cargo loss or damage and business interruption due to political circumstances in foreign countries, hostilities and labor strikes. In addition, there is always an inherent possibility of marine disaster, including oil spills and other environmental mishaps, and the liabilities arising from owning and operating vessels in international trade. OPA, which imposes virtually unlimited liability upon owners, operators and demise charterers of any vessel trading in the United States exclusive economic zone for certain oil pollution accidents in the United States, has made liability insurance more expensive for ship owners and operators trading in the United States market. While Energy Merger believes that its expected insurance coverage is adequate, not all risks can be insured, and there can be no guarantee that any specific claim will be paid, or that it will always be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates.
Hull and Machinery Insurance
Energy Merger expects to obtain marine hull and machinery and war risk insurance, which includes the risk of actual or constructive total loss, for all of its vessels. The vessels will each be covered up to at least fair market value, with deductibles in amounts ranging from $200,000 to $250,000.
Energy Merger plans to arrange, as necessary, increased value insurance for its vessels. With the increased value insurance, in case of total loss of the vessel, Energy Merger will be able to recover the sum insured under the increased value policy in addition to the sum insured under the hull and machinery policy. Increased value insurance also covers excess liabilities which are not recoverable in full by the hull and machinery policies by reason of under insurance. Energy Merger expects to maintain loss of hire insurance for certain of its vessels. Loss of hire insurance covers business interruptions that result in the loss of use of a vessel.
Protection and Indemnity Insurance
Protection and indemnity insurance is expected to be provided by mutual protection and indemnity associations, or P&I Associations, which will cover Energy Merger’s third-party liabilities in connection with its shipping activities. This includes third -party liability and other related expenses of injury or death of crew, passengers and other third parties, loss or damage to cargo, claims arising from collisions with other vessels, damage to other third-party property, pollution arising from oil or other substances, and salvage, towing and other related costs, including wreck removal. Protection and indemnity insurance is a form of mutual indemnity insurance, extended by protection and indemnity mutual associations.
Energy Merger’s protection and indemnity insurance coverage for pollution is expected to be $1 billion per vessel per incident. The 13 P&I Associations that comprise the International Group insure approximately 90% of the world’s commercial tonnage and have entered into a pooling agreement to reinsure each association’s liabilities. Each of Energy Merger’s vessels will be entered with P&I Associations of the International
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Group. Under the International Group reinsurance program, each P&I club in the International Group is responsible for the first $7.0 million of every claim. In every claim the amount in excess of $7.0 million and up to $50.0 million is shared by the clubs under a pooling agreement. In every claim the amount in excess of $50.0 million is reinsured by the International Group under the General Excess of Loss Reinsurance Contract. This policy currently provides an additional $3.0 billion of coverage. Claims which exceed this amount are pooled by way of “overspill” calls. As a member of a P&I Association, which is a member of the International Group, Energy Merger will be subject to calls payable to the associations based on its claim records as well as the claim records of all other members of the individual associations, and members of the pool of P&I Associations comprising the International Group. The P&I Associations’ policy year commences on February 20th. Calls are levied based on gross tonnage entered. Members have a liability to pay supplementary calls which might be levied by the board of directors of the club if the estimated total calls are insufficient to cover amounts paid out by the club.
Legal Proceedings
Neither Energy Merger nor any of the SPVs are currently a party to any material lawsuit that they respectively believe, if adversely determined, would have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
The crew of a Chinese fishing vessel, Lu Rong Yu 2178, has alleged that on the evening of April 11, 2008 the vessel Shinyo Sawako collided with the fishing vessel’s sister vessel, Lu Rong Yu 2177, resulting in the sinking of the Lu Rong Yu 2177. Of the crew of 18 on the Lu Rong Yu 2177, two were rescued, three have been confirmed dead and 13 others are missing. Although the Shinyo Sawako passed through the vicinity of the reported collision position, the crew of the Shinyo Sawako have stated to the vessel’s managers that the Shinyo Sawako was not involved in the collision. Furthermore, a survey of the Shinyo Sawako carried out on April 13 and 14, 2008, by representatives of the owners, their insurers, the vessel’s classification society and the Chinese fishing vessel interests, did not reveal obvious signs of damage that would be expected to result from a heavy collision. The vessel’s classification society has certified the vessel as fully seaworthy.
An investigation of the incident is being carried out by the Hong Kong Marine Department, as Hong Kong is the Shinyo Sawako’s flag state. Univan Ship Management Limited, as manager of the Shinyo Sawako, is contesting the allegations that the Shinyo Sawako was involved in the collision. In the event that it is determined that the Shinyo Sawako was in fact involved in this incident, management of Shinyo Sawako Limited does not expect that any resulting claims made against the company would have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or liquidity. Moreover management of Shinyo Sawako Limited expects that any liability the company may have would be sufficiently covered by insurance.
Exchange Controls
Under Marshall Island law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident holders of Energy Merger’s shares.
Energy Merger Principal Stockholders
Energy Merger was formed under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands on November 30, 2007. Energy Merger is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Energy Infrastructure. Concurrently with the Business Combination, Energy Merger will issue (i) 13,500,000 shares of common stock to Vanship in respect of the stock consideration portion of the aggregate purchase price for the SPVs, (ii) 1,000,000 units to Mr. George Sagredos (or any assignee), Energy Infrastructure’s Chief Operating Officer, President and a director, and (iii) 268,500 units to a company controlled by Mr. Sagredos upon the conversion of loans aggregating $2,685,000. Vanship has agreed to purchase up to an additional 5,000,000 units of Energy Merger in connection with the Business Combination. See The “Share Purchase Agreement.”
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The following table presents, as of the date of the proposed Business Combination, certain information regarding (1) the beneficial owners of more than 5% of Energy Merger’s common stock and (2) the total amount of common stock beneficially owned by all of Energy Merger’s directors and executive officers as a group, based on the share ownership of Energy Infrastructure as of March 31, 2008, in each case assuming the purchase by Vanship of 5,000,000 units in the Business Combination Private Placement.
| | | | | | | | |
| | Shares Beneficially Owned Following the Redomiciliation Merger Assuming No Stockholders Redeem | | Shares Beneficially Owned Following Redomiciliation Merger if 6,525,118 Shares Redeemed |
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner | | Number | | Percentage | | Number | | Percentage |
Captain Charles Arthur Joseph Vanderperre(1)(2) | | | 23,925,000 | | | | 50.9 | % | | | 23,925,000 | | | | 59.1 | |
Mr. Fred Cheng(1)(2) | | | 23,925,000 | | | | 50.9 | % | | | 23,925,000 | | | | 59.1 | |
Mr. Christoph Widmer(1) | | | 0 | | | | * | | | | 0 | | | | * | |
Vanship Holdings Limited(2)(3) | | | 23,925,000 | | | | 50.9 | % | | | 23,925,000 | | | | 59.1 | |
Georges Sagredos(4)(5) | | | 5,955,753 | | | | 12.5 | % | | | 5,955,753 | | | | 14.4 | |
Andreas Theotokis(5) | | | 4,418,753 | | | | 9.4 | % | | | 4,418,753 | | | | 17.2 | % |
Energy Corp.(5)(6) | | | 4,418,753 | | | | 9.4 | % | | | 4,418,753 | | | | 10.9 | % |
Marios Pantazopoulos(7) | | | 1,490,003 | | | | 3.1 | % | | | 1,490,003 | | | | 3.6 | |
| * | Less than one percent (1%). |
| (1) | The business address of each of Captain Vanderperre, Mr. Cheng and Mr. Widmer is Suite 801, 8th Floor, Asian House, 1 Hennessy Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong. |
| (2) | Consists of (i) 13,500,000 shares of common stock, (ii) 425,000 shares underlying warrants and (iii) 10,000,000 shares of common stock underlying units (giving effect to the exercise of warrants included in such units) owned by Vanship Holdings Limited. Captain Vanderperre and Mr. Cheng, constituting the board of directors of Vanship Holdings Limited, have shared voting power and shared investment power over the shares owned by Vanship Holdings Limited. |
| (3) | The registered address of Vanship Holdings Limited is 80 Broad Street, Monrovia, Liberia. |
| (4) | Gives effect to (ii) the issuance of 1,000,000 units to George Sagredos and the assignment and transfer of 500,000 of such units from Mr. Sagredos to Mr. Pantazopoulos (giving effect to the exercise of warrants included in such units) and (ii) the issuance of 268,500 units to Robert Ventures, Ltd., a company controlled by George Sagredos (giving effect to the exercise of warrants included in such units) upon the conversion of the loans, in both cases, upon the completion of the Business Combination. |
| (5) | Includes 4,418,753 shares of common stock owned by Energy Corp., a corporation organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands, which is wholly-owned by Energy Star Trust, a Cayman Islands trust. Each of Mr. Sagredos and Mr. Theotokis, as co-enforcers and beneficiaries of Energy Star Trust, has voting and dispositive control over such shares owned by Energy Corp. |
| (6) | The address of Energy Corp. is c/o Walkers SPV Limited, Walker House, PO Box 908GT, Mary Street, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. |
| (7) | Gives effect to the assignment and transfer of 500,000 units from Mr. Sagredos to Marios Pantazopoulos (giving effect to the exercise of warrants included in such units). |
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATION OF ENERGY MERGER
Energy Merger was incorporated on November 30, 2007 and has no operating history. The following discussion is intended to help you understand how acquisition of the shares of the SPVs will affect Energy Merger’s business and results of operations subsequent to the completion of the Business Combination.
Overview
Energy Infrastructure intends to merge with and into its wholly-owned subsidiary, Energy Merger, with Energy Merger as the surviving corporation. Following the Redomiciliation Merger, Energy Infrastructure will cease to exist and Energy Merger will become the surviving entity and will be governed by the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
Energy Merger has entered into a Share Purchase Agreement pursuant to which it has agreed to purchase all of the outstanding shares of nine special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, from Vanship Holdings Limited, or Vanship, a global shipping company carrying on business from Hong Kong. Each SPV owns one very large crude carrier, or VLCC. The aggregate purchase price for the SPVs is $778,000,000, consisting of $643,000,000 in cash (reduced by the aggregate amount of net indebtedness of the SPVs at the time of the completion of the Business Combination and subject to other closing adjustments) and 13,500,000 shares of common stock of Energy Merger. In addition to such purchase price, Energy Merger will be obligated to effect the transfer of 425,000 warrants of Energy Merger from one of Energy Infrastructure’s initial stockholders to Vanship upon completion of the Business Combination and Vanship may receive an additional 3,000,000 shares of Energy Merger common stock following each of the first and second anniversaries of the Business Combination (6,000,000 shares in the aggregate), subject to certain annual earnings criteria of the vessels in Energy Merger’s initial fleet, all as more particularly described in this joint proxy statement/ prospectus.
Management
Pursuant to the terms of a management agreement to be entered into between Energy Merger and the Manager, upon completion of the Business Combination, substantially all aspects of Energy Merger’s operations will be performed by the Manager, under the supervision of Energy Merger’s board of directors. Energy Merger’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, initially expected to be Mr. Fred Cheng and Mr. Christoph Widmer, respectively, will be made available to Energy Merger by the Manager to manage Energy Merger’s day-to-day operations and all aspects of its financial control.
Charters
Energy Merger will derive its revenue from the medium and long term period charters entered into between the SPVs and charterers. All of the vessels owned by the SPVs are chartered out to international companies, with an average remaining charter duration of approximately 5.7 years upon completion of the Business Combination. Energy Merger believes that these charters will provide it with stable cash flows. For a description of the charter arrangements under with the vessels in Energy Merger’s initial fleet will operate, see “Information Concerning the SPVs — Charter Arrangements.”
Factors Affecting Energy Merger’s Future Results of Operations
The principal factors that are expected to affect Energy Merger’s results of operations, cash flows and stockholders’ return on investment include:
| • | the charter revenue paid to the SPVs under their charter agreements; |
| • | the amount of revenue from profit sharing arrangements, if any, that the SPVs receive under their charter agreements and the spot markets as they relate to these arrangements; |
| • | fees paid to the Manager; |
| • | vessel operating expenses; |
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| • | the SPVs’ insurance premiums and vessel taxes; |
| • | the number of offhire days during which the SPVs are not entitled, under their charter arrangements, to receive either the fixed charter rate or profit share and additional offhire days due to drydocking; |
| • | seasonal variations in demand for crude oil with respect to any vessels that become engaged in the spot charter market or that are subject to longer term charters that contain market related profit sharing arrangements; |
| • | required capital expenditures; and |
| • | any cash reserves that will be required under Energy Merger’s credit facility. |
As of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus Energy Merger has no revenue and is not expected to produce revenue until after the Redomiciliation Merger and Business Combination, predominantly from the operations of the SPVs. Energy Merger’s revenue will be reduced by depreciation expenses and other expenses, and the management fees payable to, and the reimbursements of all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by, the Manager.
Due to the medium to long term charter agreements under which Energy Merger’s vessels will operate, there may be circumstances in which management of Energy Merger deems it advantageous to terminate a charter agreement prior to its expiration. For instance, in January 2004 Shinyo Loyalty Limited entered into a charter agreement with Euronav pursuant to which Shinyo Loyalty was entitled to a fixed daily charter rate of $27,250. Prevailing market rates for time charters subsequently increased and in March 2007 Shinyo Loyalty terminated its agreement with Euronav and entered into its current time charter agreement with Sinochem, pursuant to which Shinyo Loyalty is entitled to a fixed daily charter rate of $39,500. Shinyo Loyalty paid a termination payment of $20.8 million to Euronav due to the early termination of the Euronav charter agreement and incurred a termination charge in the amount of $20.8 million. The termination payment was a negotiated amount and was not established pursuant to the terms of the original charter agreement. Management of Energy Merger may make similar decisions in the future with respect to the trade off between incurring an immediate termination charge and potentially realizing increased revenue over future periods. Such termination charges may have a significant impact on the results of operations of Energy Merger and the benefits realized from such a decision, if any benefits materialize at all, will be realized incrementally over future reporting periods.
Revenue
Voyage Revenue. Revenue for our vessels operating under time charters and consecutive voyage charters, which we refer to collectively as period charters, are expected to be driven primarily by the number of vessels in our fleet, the duration of the charter agreements and the amount of daily charter rates, time charter equivalent and profit share, that our vessels earn under charter agreements, which, in turn, are affected by a number of factors, including our decisions relating to vessel acquisitions and disposals, the amount of time that we spend positioning our vessels, the amount of time that our vessels spend in drydock undergoing repairs, maintenance and upgrade work, the age, condition and specifications of our vessels, levels of supply and demand in the seaborne transportation market and other factors affecting spot market charter rates for vessels.
Vessels operating on period charters for a certain period of time provide more predictable cash flows over that period of time, but can yield lower profit margins than vessels operating in the spot charter market during periods characterized by favorable market conditions. Vessels operating in the spot charter market generate revenue that are less predictable but may enable us to capture increased profit margins during periods of improvements in charter rates. However, when our vessels operate in the spot market, we will be exposed to the risk of declining charter rates, which may have a materially adverse impact on our financial performance. Future spot market rates may be higher or lower than the rates at which we employ our vessels on period charters.
Time Charter Equivalent (TCE). We use daily time charter equivalent, or daily TCE, to measure the performance of a vessel under a consecutive voyage charter. Daily TCE revenue is voyage revenue minus
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voyage expenses divided by the number of voyage days during the relevant time period. Voyage expenses primarily consist of port, canal and fuel costs that are unique to a particular voyage, which would otherwise be paid by a charterer under a time charter, as well as commissions. We believe that the daily TCE neutralizes the variability created by the operating costs and voyage costs associated with the employment of vessels on consecutive voyage charters and presents a more accurate representation of the revenue generated by our vessels.
Profit Share. The charter agreements under which two of the vessels in our initial fleet will operate, and under which a third vessel is expected to begin operating in the first half of 2009, include a profit sharing component. The profit sharing arrangements generally allocate a percentage of daily revenue above the fixed charter rate to the vessel owner. Under these arrangements, the daily voyage revenue is generally referenced to the then current spot market rate. Accordingly, when the spot market is high relative to the fixed charter rate, the vessel owner may earn additional revenue, or profit share, under the charter agreement.
Management Fees
We will pay fees to the Manager in exchange for providing the management services in amounts that will be determined prior to completion of the Business Combination.
Vessel Operating Expenses
Pursuant to the terms of the management agreement, Energy Merger will reimburse all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by our Manager in connection with the provision of management services, including vessel operating expenses. Vessel operating expenses include crew wages and related costs, the cost of insurance and vessel registry, expenses relating to repairs and maintenance, the costs of spares and consumable stores, lubricating oil, tonnage taxes, regulatory fees, technical management fees and other miscellaneous expenses. Factors beyond Energy Merger’s control, some of which may affect the shipping industry in general, including, for instance, developments relating to market prices for crew wages and insurance, may cause these expenses to increase. The technical vessel manager will establish an operating expense budget for each vessel and perform the day-to-day management of the vessels. Our Manager will monitor the performance of the technical vessel manager by comparing actual vessel operating expenses with the operating expense budget for each vessel. Energy Merger will be responsible for the costs of any deviations from the budgeted amounts.
Depreciation
Depreciation is the periodic cost charged to income representing the allocation of the cost of the vessel over the period of its useful life and is calculated based on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the vessel, after taking into account its estimated residual value, from date of acquisition. A vessel’s residual value is equal to the product of its lightweight tonnage and estimated scrap rate per ton. Management generally will estimate the useful life of Energy Merger’s vessels to be 25 years from the date the vessel was originally delivered from the shipyard, or a useful life extending no later than the year 2015 with respect to single-hull vessels. The useful life of each vessel is evaluated on a regular basis to account for changes in circumstances, including changes in regulatory restrictions. If regulations place limitations over the ability of a vessel to operate, its useful life is adjusted to end at the date such regulations become effective.
General and Administrative Expenses
We will reimburse our Manager for all reasonable general and administrative expenses incurred by it in carrying out its management responsibilities, including expenses incurred in providing administrative, accounting and legal and securities compliance services. Energy Merger expects general and administrative expenses to reflect the costs associated with running a public company, including fees to the independent members of our board of director, costs associated with investor relations, listing fees, fees to our registrar and transfer agent and increased legal and accounting costs related to compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Interest Expense
Energy Merger’s interest expense will initially represent interest expense under its credit facility. The amount of interest expense will be determined by the principal amount of the loans outstanding and prevailing interest rates. Energy Merger will defer financing fees and expenses incurred upon entering into its credit facility and will amortize them to interest and financing costs over the term of the underlying obligation.
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Results of Operations
Energy Merger was incorporated on November 30, 2007 and has no operating history.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Energy Merger’s short and medium term liquidity requirements will relate to servicing its debt and funding its working capital requirements. Sources of liquidity will include cash balances, restricted cash balances, short-term investments and receipts from its charter agreements. We believe that Energy Merger’s cash flow from its charter agreements will be sufficient to fund its anticipated debt service and working capital requirements in the short term.
In the medium term, Energy Merger’s scheduled debt repayments in the year 2010 are expected to increase by approximately 44% over the amount of debt scheduled for repayment in 2009. This increase is primarily due to a requirement imposed by Energy Merger’s lenders that the debt secured by Energy Merger’s single-hull vessels be repaid by the end of the year 2010, after which the single-hull vessels are expected to become unable to trade in many markets due to the anticipated phase-out of trading by single-hull tankers. In addition, Energy Merger’s future management team has indicated its current intentions to sell the single-hulled Shinyo Jubilee at the termination of its existing charter agreement in September 2009. Although the proceeds of any such sale would be used to prepay Energy Merger’s debt and thus decrease the amount of debt repayments due in 2010, Energy Merger would experience an approximate 11% reduction in its aggregate charter hire revenue upon termination of the charter and sale of the vessel. Although we believe that Energy Merger’s cash flow from its charter agreements will be sufficient to fund its anticipated debt service and working capital requirements in the medium term, the proposed sale of the vessel Shinyo Jubilee and scheduled debt repayments will significantly reduce or eliminate the amount of cash available for payment of dividends in the year 2010.
Energy Merger’s long term liquidity requirements include funding the equity portion of investments in new vessels and repayment of long term debt balances. The VLCCs that Energy Merger will rely on for generating income are depreciating assets with fixed useful lives. In the long term, Energy Merger will need to acquire replacement vessels as its existing vessels reach the end of their useful lives in order to sustain its operations. To the extent that Energy Merger decides to acquire additional vessels, it will consider additional borrowings and equity and debt issuances. In addition, Energy Merger may use the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of outstanding warrants to prepay debt, fund the acquisition of additional vessels, or finance the conversion of the single-hulled Shinyo Sawako to double-hull in order to extend its useful life.
All of the SPVs other than Shinyo Jubilee Limited and Shinyo Kannika Limited had working capital deficits as of December 31, 2007. A working capital deficit means that current liabilities exceed current assets. Current liabilities are those which will fall due for payment within one year. Current assets are assets that are expected to be converted to cash or otherwise utilized within one year and, therefore, may be used to pay current liabilities as they become due in that period. We expect that for accounting purposes the majority of the SPVs will continue to show a working capital deficit upon and subsequent to completion of the Business Combination. However, we believe that the reflection of a working capital deficit under U.S. GAAP does not accurately reflect the liquidity of the SPVs under their existing medium to long term charter agreements and we expect that each of the SPVs will have sufficient liquidity month-to-month to pay expenses as they become due.
The charter hire revenue of the SPVs that operate under time charter agreements is paid monthly in advance and is generally sufficient to provide the cash flow necessary to fund the planned operations of the SPVs and satisfy the debt obligations of each SPV as such obligations become due. Although the charter hire income is relatively predictable, such income is only recorded as revenue (and classified as a current asset) over the term of the charter as the service is provided. In general, the most significant current liability for each SPV is its current portion of long term debt, which is the portion of any long term loan payable within one year. Because at any given time an SPV will recognize the portion of long term debt payable within one year as a current liability, but it will not recognize charter hire income as revenue until the related service is provided, the SPVs generally will show a working capital deficit.
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Charter hire revenue could be insufficient to fund an SPV’s operations for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to, unbudgeted periods of off-hire, loss of a customer, early termination of a charter agreement, delay in receipt of charter hire, increases in operating expenses or increases in the interest rate on an SPV’s floating rate debt. Management of each of the SPVs prior to the Business Combination, except for Shinyo Kannika Limited and Shinyo Jubilee Limited, has managed potential liquidity risk by obtaining a letter of support from the applicable owner of each SPV, confirming its intention to provide continuing and unlimited financial support to such SPV, so as to enable such SPV to meet its liabilities as and when they fall due. These letters of support will be terminated upon the completion of the Business Combination and the SPVs will no longer be in a position to benefit from the financial backing of their applicable current owners. There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient financial strength to provide a comparable level of financial support to the SPVs subsequent to the Business Combination.
In the event that an SPV’s charter hire revenue is not sufficient to fund its planned operations, we would seek the consent of our lenders to use up to $15,000,000 that is required to be held as a cash reserve under our term loan facility to fund its planned operations. In the event that our lenders were to refuse consent to our use of such funds or in the event that such funds are insufficient to permit one or more SPVs to fund its operations, we may be required to seek to raise additional capital, restructure or refinance our debt, sell tankers or other assets or reduce or delay capital investments. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Energy Merger — The majority of the SPVs have working capital deficits, which means that their current assets on December 31, 2007 were not sufficient to satisfy their current liabilities as at that date.”
On February 11, 2008, Energy Merger and each of the SPVs entered into a committed term sheet with DVB Merchant Bank (Asia) Ltd., Fortis Bank S.A./N.V. and NIBC Bank Ltd. whereby the latter, subject to the approval of the Redomiciliation Merger and the Business Combination, will arrange a credit facility of up to $415,000,000 secured by, among other things, a first and second mortgage on the VLCCs. The credit facility will be divided into Loans A and B. The amount of Loan A will be $325,000,000 or 70% of the charter free fair market value of the five double hull VLCCs acquired in the Business Combination, whichever is lower. The amount of Loan B will be $90,000,000 or 60% of the charter free fair market value of the four single hull VLCCs acquired in the Business Combination, whichever is lower. See “Acquisition Financing.”
Energy Merger intends to draw down $415,000,000, or such lesser amount as may be available for draw down at the time of the Business Combination, under the credit facility on the effective date of the Business Combination to refinance the existing debt of the SPVs. Energy Merger’s credit facility will be repayable in quarterly installments with principal repayments for the term of the credit facility scheduled through its maturity as follows:
| | | | | | |
Year | | Loan A (Double-Hulls) | | Loan B (Single Hulls) | | Loan A and Loan B Combined |
2008 | | $ | 9,300,000 | | | $ | 11,000,000 | | | $ | 20,300,000 | |
2009 | | | 21,300,000 | | | | 31,000,000 | | | | 52,300,000 | |
2010 | | | 27,250,000 | | | | 48,000,000 | | | | 75,250,000 | |
2011 | | | 32,000,000 | | | | — | | | | 32,000,000 | |
2012 | | | 34,150,000 | | | | — | | | | 34,150,000 | |
2013 | | | 35,900,000 | | | | — | | | | 35,900,000 | |
2014 | | | 37,800,000 | | | | — | | | | 37,800,000 | |
2015 | | | 38,580,000 | | | | — | | | | 38,580,000 | |
2016 | | | 32,260,000 | | | | — | | | | 32,260,000 | |
2017 | | | 56,460,000 | | | | — | | | | 56,460,000 | |
Servicing the debt under the credit facility will restrict the amount of funds available for other purposes, such as the payment of dividends and the acquisition of additional vessels. In order to free up cash for other purposes, Energy Merger may in the future seek to extend the principal payments on its indebtedness over the useful life of its vessels by refinancing its debt, but there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so.
Energy Merger’s obligations under the credit facility will be secured by a first priority security interest in all nine vessels in its fleet. In addition, the lenders will have a first priority security interest in all earnings
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from and insurances on Energy Merger’s vessels and all existing and future charters relating to Energy Merger’s vessels. Energy Merger’s obligations under the credit facility will also be guaranteed by each of the SPVs.
The terms and conditions of Energy Merger’s credit facility will require it to comply with certain covenants. We believe that these terms and conditions are consistent with loan facilities incurred by other shipping companies. These covenants include, but are not limited to, the following:
| • | a requirement to maintain certain ratios with respect to vessel market values to the outstanding loan amount under the credit facility, with an obligation to prepay a portion of the loan or provide additional security if these ratios are not met; |
| • | a requirement to maintain a ratio of EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation) to interest expense of 2.25:1; |
| • | a requirement to maintain minimum available cash of $15 million; |
| • | restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness; |
| • | restrictions on Energy Merger’s ability to amend or terminate its management agreement with the Manager or have a technical manager other than Univan provide technical management to the vessels in Energy Merger’s fleet; |
| • | restrictions on Energy Merger’s ability to sell any of its vessels and a requirement that any proceeds from the sale of a vessel be used to prepay debt under the credit facility; and |
| • | a requirement that a replacement charter agreement of a duration of at least twelve months be procured within 60 days of the early termination of any of the SPVs’ existing charter agreements and a requirement to prepay a portion of the outstanding debt if such replacement charter is not procured within such 60 day period. |
Energy Merger’s credit facility will prevent it from declaring dividends in any event of default, as defined in the credit agreement, occurs or would result from such declaration. Each of the following will be an event of default under the credit agreement:
| • | the failure to pay principal, interest, fees, expenses or other amounts when due; |
| • | breach of certain financial covenants, including those which require Energy Merger to maintain a minimum cash balance; |
| • | the failure of any representation or warranty to be materially correct; |
| • | the occurrence of a material adverse change (as defined in the credit agreement); |
| • | the failure of the security documents or guarantees to be effective; and |
| • | bankruptcy or insolvency events. |
Capital Expenditures
The aggregate purchase price for the shares of the SPV is $778,000,000, consisting of $643,000,000 in cash (reduced by the aggregate amount of net indebtedness of the SPVs at the time of the completion of the Business Combination and subject to other closing adjustments) and 13,500,000 shares of common stock of Energy Merger. We expect to refinance $415,000,000 of indebtedness of the SPVs by drawing down our credit facility and will therefore require $228,000,000 of cash to complete the Business Combination. The source of funds to complete the acquisition will be funds in the Trust Account and any funds raised in the Business Combination Private Placement. However, in the event that holders of Energy Infrastructure common stock vote against the Business Combination Proposal and exercise their redemption rights, such funds may not be sufficient to complete the Business Combination. Accordingly, Energy Infrastructure may not have funds available to proceed with the Business Combination unless it is able to obtain additional equity financing. In the event that Energy Infrastructure stockholders approve the Business Combination but Energy Infrastructure does not have sufficient funds to complete the Business Combination, Energy Infrastructure currently intends
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to raise capital through additional debt or equity financing. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Energy Infrastructure — Energy Infrastructure may not have sufficient funds to complete the Business Combination.”
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
As of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, Energy Merger does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies
Following the Business Combination, management expects to make certain estimates and judgments in connection with the preparation of Energy Merger’s financial statements, which will be prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of Energy Merger’s financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
The process of determining significant estimates is fact specific and takes into account factors such as historical experience, current and expected economic and industry conditions, present and expected conditions in the financial markets. Management of Energy Merger will regularly reevaluate these significant factors and make adjustments where facts and circumstances dictate. The following is a discussion of the accounting policies that management of Energy Merger considers to involve a higher degree of judgment in their application.
Revenue Recognition
Eight of the vessels in our initial fleet will initially operate under time charter agreements and the ninth vessel will initially operate under a consecutive voyage charter agreement. In the future, the vessels may operate in the spot market or under pool trade arrangements. Revenues are recognized when the collectibility has been reasonably assured and voyage related and vessel operating costs are expensed as incurred.
Time charter revenues are recorded over the term of the charter as the service is provided. In addition, time charter agreements may include profit sharing arrangements pursuant to which the vessel owner is entitled to share profits generated from any sub-charter entered into by the charterer. Profit-sharing revenues are calculated at an agreed percentage of the excess of sub-charter rates over an agreed amount and recorded over the term of the sub-charter agreement.
The Company follows EITF 91-9 in accounting for voyage charter revenues. Voyage charter revenues are recognized based on the percentage of completion of the voyage at the balance sheet date. A voyage is deemed to commence upon the completion of discharge of the vessel’s previous cargo and is deemed to end upon the completion of discharge of the current cargo.
Revenues from a pool trade arrangement are accounted for on an accrual basis. The net income of a pool trade arrangement is shared among all participants based on the points awarded to each participant which are dependent on the age, design and other performance characteristics of the vessel of each participant. Shipping revenues and voyage expenses are pooled and allocated to each pool’s participants on a time charter equivalent basis in accordance with an agreed-upon formula. For vessels operating in pools or on time charters, shipping revenues are substantially the same as time charter equivalent revenues.
Vessel Lives and Impairment
The vessels owned by the SPVs that Energy Merger will acquire are secondhand vessels and the useful lives of these vessels vary from 8 to 22 years. The carrying values of these vessels may not represent their fair market value at any point in time since the market prices of second-hand vessels tend to fluctuate with changes in charter rates and the cost of newbuildings. Historically, both charter rates and vessel values have been cyclical. The SPVs record impairment losses only when events occur that cause us to believe that future cash flows for any individual vessel will be less than its carrying value. The carrying amounts of vessels held and used by the SPVs are reviewed for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a particular vessel may not be fully recoverable. In such instances, an impairment charge would be recognized if the estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows expected to
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result from the use of the vessel and its eventual disposition is less than the vessel’s carrying amount. This assessment is made at the individual vessel level since separately identifiable cash flow information for each vessel is available.
In developing estimates of future cash flows, management of the SPVs must make assumptions about future charter rates, ship operating expenses and the estimated remaining useful lives of the vessels. These assumptions are based on historical trends as well as future expectations. Although management of the SPVs believes that the assumptions used to evaluate potential impairment are reasonable and appropriate, such assumptions are highly subjective.
Management of the SPVs has evaluated the impact of the revisions to MARPOL Regulation 13G that became effective April 5, 2005 and the EU regulations that went into force on October 21, 2003 on the economic lives assigned to the fleet. Because four of the SPVs own single-hull vessels, the revised regulations may affect these four SPVs. Several Asian countries within which the SPVs operate have chosen to follow IMO guidelines for extension into 2015, significantly reducing the risk that these four SPVs will not be able to employ these vessels. However, following the spill of 10,800 tonnes of crude oil in South Korea in November 2007 by the single-hulled VLCC “Hebei Spirit”, there have been a number of announcements by South Korean government officials and refiners that suggest that South Korea may modify its policy towards single-hull vessels. If the economic lives assigned to the tankers prove to be too long because of new regulations or other future events, higher depreciation expense and impairment losses could result in future periods related to a reduction in the useful lives of any affected vessels. See “Risk Factors — Energy Merger’s fleet will include four single hull tankers which may be unable to trade in many markets after 2010, thereby adversely affecting Energy Merger’s overall financial position.”
The table below sets forth Energy Merger’s estimated depreciation expense for each of the periods from July 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008, the one year period ended 2009 and the one year period ended 2010, and as adjusted to reflect the estimated depreciation expense that it would incur for such periods if the useful life of each of its single hull vessels were reduced to such vessel’s anniversary date in the year 2010.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Estimated Depreciation Expense | | Estimated Depreciation Expense (as adjusted) |
July 1 to December 31, 2008 | | Year Ended 2009 | | Year Ended 2010 | | July 1 to December 31, 2008 | | Year Ended 2009 | | Year Ended 2010 |
$8,511,339 | | $ | 17,022,677 | | | $ | 17,022,677 | | | $ | 28,299,008 | | | $ | 56,598,016 | | | $ | 26,861,847 | |
Drydocking
The vessels held by the SPVs are required to be drydocked approximately every 30 to 60 months for major overhauls that cannot be performed while the vessels are operating. Management of the SPVs capitalizes the costs associated with the drydocks that are incurred to recertify that the vessels are completely seaworthy and to improve the efficiency of the vessels. The capitalized drydocking costs are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the period of 30 months and 60 months for intermediate drydocking and special survey drydocking, respectively. The useful lives of the capitalized drydocking costs are determined based on regulatory requirements of the jurisdiction in which the vessels are registered. Any change in regulatory requirements would result in a change in the useful lives and would affect the results of operations of the SPVs. In addition, the anticipated date of drydocking may be changed from the scheduled date based on availability of shipyards. Any change of the drydocking date prior to the scheduled date would result in write-off of the undepreciated carrying amount of drydocking costs and decrease the net income for the period. The management of the SPVs do not anticipate any significant changes in regulatory requirements or the next scheduled drydocking dates. Accordingly, drydocking costs are not expected to have a material impact on the results of the operations. We believe that SPVs’ accounting policy for drydocking costs is consistent with US GAAP guidelines and the SPVs’ policy of capitalization reflects the economics and market values of the vessels.
Certain of the SPVs have historical write offs of capitalized drydocking costs in respect of previous drydock as a result of the performance of current drydock prior to the scheduled date. Shinyo Alliance Limited and Shinyo Jubilee Limited wrote off capitalized drydocking costs of $24,789 and $281,670, respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
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The approximate increase in write-off of drydocking costs of the SPVs in the aggregate for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $733,778 had the drydocks been performed three months earlier than the scheduled date.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure of Market Risk
Interest Rate Fluctuation
The committed term sheet with DVB Merchant Bank (Asia) Ltd., Fortis Bank S.A./N.V. and NIBC Bank Ltd. provides that Loan A will bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin of 1.0% to 1.30% depending on the ratio of the aggregate drawdown to the charter free fair market value of the double hull vessels, while Loan B will bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin of 1.75% to 2.75% depending on the ratio of the aggregate drawdown to the charter free fair market value of the single hull vessels.
Increasing interest rates could adversely affect Energy Merger’s future profitability. Assuming that $415,000,000 is drawn down on June 30, 2008, a 1% increase in LIBOR would result in an increase in interest expense of approximately $2,095,172 for the year ended December 31, 2008. Pursuant to the term sheet, Energy Merger intends to limit its exposure to interest rate fluctuations under its credit facility by entering into interest rate swaps.
The following table sets forth the sensitivity of our credit facility to a 1% increase in LIBOR for the period beginning June 30, 2008 through December 31, 2008 and the following five years on an annual basis.
| | |
Year | | Amount |
2008 | | $ | 2,095,172 | |
2009 | | $ | 3,843,018 | |
2010 | | $ | 3,306,694 | |
2011 | | $ | 2,589,983 | |
2012 | | $ | 2,261,677 | |
2013 | | $ | 1,903,353 | |
Foreign Exchange Rate Risk
Energy Merger will generate all its revenue in U.S. dollars but its Manager will incur certain vessel operating expenses and general and administrative expenses in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. This difference could lead to fluctuations in Energy Merger’s vessel operating expenses, which would affect its financial results. Expenses incurred in foreign currencies increase when the value of the U.S. dollar falls, which would reduce Energy Merger’s profitability. Energy Merger’s management does not believe that foreign exchange fluctuations will have a significant impact on Energy Merger’s results of operations.
Inflation
Management of Energy Merger does not consider inflation to be a significant risk to direct expenses in the current and foreseeable economic environment.
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Indebtedness and Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2007, Energy Merger’s pro forma long-term indebtedness and other known contractual obligations are summarized below, assuming the closing of the Redomiciliation Merger and Business Combination will occur on, and that the long-term bank loan will be drawn down by Energy Merger on, June 30, 2008.
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Payments Due by Period |
Contractual Obligations | | Total | | Less Than 1 Year | | 1 – 3 Years | | 3 – 5 Years | | More Than 5 Years |
Long-Term Bank Loan | | $ | 415,000,000 | | | $ | 20,300,000 | | | $ | 127,550,000 | | | $ | 66,150,000 | | | $ | 201,000,000 | |
Interest Payments on Bank Loan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan A(1) | | $ | 77,607,561 | | | $ | 7,058,695 | | | $ | 25,744,753 | | | $ | 20,765,104 | | | $ | 24,039,009 | |
Loan B(2) | | $ | 7,950,055 | | | $ | 2,243,101 | | | $ | 5,706,954 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
Management Fees payable to the Manager | | $ | 17,442,000 | | | $ | 414,000 | | | $ | 1,728,000 | | | $ | 1,800,000 | | | $ | 13,500,000 | |
Total | | $ | 517,999,616 | | | $ | 30,015,796 | | | $ | 160,729,707 | | | $ | 88,715,104 | | | $ | 238,539,009 | |
| (1) | Assuming a LIBOR of 2.78% and a margin of 1.50%. |
| (2) | Assuming a LIBOR of 2.78% and a margin of 2.25%. |
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THE OIL TANKER INDUSTRY
The information and data in this section relating to the international maritime transportation industry have been provided by Clarkson Research Services Ltd (“CRS”), a UK-based company providing research and statistics to the shipping industry. CRS based its analysis on information drawn from published and private industry sectors. These include CRS’ databases, the BP Statistical Review of World Energy, IEA Monthly Oil Market Reports, the U.S. the Shipping Intelligence Network and the Oil & Tanker Trades Outlook. Data is taken from the most recently available published sources and these sources do revise figures and forecasts over time.
CRS has advised us that (1) some industry data included in this discussion is based on estimates or subjective judgments in circumstances where data for actual market transactions either does not exist or is not publicly available, (2) the published information of other maritime data collection experts may differ from this data, and (3) while CRS has taken reasonable care in the compilation of the industry statistical data and believe them to be correct, data collection is subject to limited audit and validation procedures.
Overview
For a number of decades oil has been one of the world’s most important energy sources. In 2006, the consumption of oil accounted for approximately 36% of world energy consumption. Oil demand has grown by 1.6% per year (compound annual growth rate, or CAGR) between 1999 and 2007, from approximately 75.8 million barrels per day, or bpd, to an expected 85.7 million bpd. This has primarily been the result of global economic growth. Some of the fastest demand growth in recent years has been recorded in China, India and the United States. However, an economic downturn could reduce the demand for oil and refined petroleum products, and also potentially affect tanker demand. Long-term growth in oil demand may also be reduced by a switching away from oil and/or a drive for increased efficiency in the use of oil as a result of environmental concerns and/or high oil prices.
The chart below illustrates the growth in oil demand in recent years, and the seasonality of changes:
Crude oil tankers transport crude oil from points of production to points of consumption, typically oil refineries. Customers include oil companies, oil traders, large oil consumers, refiners, government agencies and storage facility operators.
Product tankers can carry both crude and petroleum products, including crude oil, fuel oil and vacuum gas oil (often referred to as “dirty products”) and gas oil, gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene and naphtha (often referred to as “clean products”). They typically have cargo handling systems that are designed to transport several different refined products simultaneously and have coated (e.g. epoxy) cargo tanks which (a) assist in tank cleaning between voyages involving different cargoes and (b) protect the steel from corrosive cargoes.
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Trading patterns are sensitive both to major geographical events and to small shifts, imbalances and disruptions at all stages from wellhead production through refining to end use. Seaborne trading distances are also influenced by infrastructural factors, such as the availability of pipelines and canal “shortcuts.” Although oil can also be delivered by pipeline or rail, the vast majority of worldwide crude and refined petroleum products transportation has been conducted by tankers because transport by sea is typically the only or most cost-effective method.
While there are a range of companies owning ships to meet their own seaborne transportation requirements, such as oil majors, the chartering of vessels for a specified period of time or to carry a specific cargo, or cargoes, is an integral part of the market for seaborne transportation, and the charter market is highly competitive. At present, the majority of independent operators charter tankers for single voyages at fluctuating rates based on existing tanker supply and demand. Competition is based primarily on the offered charter rate, the location, technical specification and quality of the vessel and the reputation of the vessel’s manager. Typically, charter party agreements are based on standard industry terms, which are used to streamline the negotiation and documentation processes.
Tanker charterhire and vessel values are strongly influenced by the supply of, and demand for tanker capacity. Supply and demand in the tanker market have been closely matched over the past five years. As a result of this tight supply and demand balance, charter rates for tankers have been volatile and have reached historically high levels, with geopolitical events that influence seaborne trading patterns, congestion and climatic events each having a visible influence on the freight markets.
The seaborne transportation of crude oil, refined petroleum products and edible oils is subject to regulatory measures focused on increasing safety and providing greater protection for the marine environment at global and local levels. Recent international regulations ratified or awaiting approval include the United Nations’ International Maritime Organization (IMO) amended regulations in 2003 to accelerate the phase-out of tankers without double-hulls, limiting the transportation of fuel oil to double-hull vessels, and a limitation of the vessels that can be used for transportation of vegetable and other edible oils following a reclassification of chemical cargoes. As a result, oil companies acting as charterers, terminal operators, shippers and receivers are becoming increasingly selective with respect to the vessels they might accept, inspecting and vetting both vessels and shipping companies on a periodic basis.
In late 2007 and early 2008 a number of single hull tankers were either undergoing conversion or scheduled to carry out conversion to the dry cargo and offshore markets. Most of these vessels will undergo these conversions several years ahead of their phase out timetable under IMO regulations. It is difficult to accurately quantify the number of conversions that will take place but it could significantly limit the growth of the tanker fleet in 2008. Continued conversion activity will depend on a number of factors, including the market conditions in the tanker and dry cargo markets and the attitude of dry cargo charterers to converted ships.
Tanker Vessel Types
The global oil tanker fleet is generally divided into five major categories of vessels, based on carrying capacity. In order to benefit from economies of scale, tanker charterers transporting crude oil will typically charter the largest possible vessel, taking into consideration port and canal size restrictions and optimal cargo lot sizes. The five categories are shown in the table below.
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Tanker Vessel Types
| | | | |
Class of Tankers | | Cargo Capacity (Dwt) | | Typical Use |
Ultra Large Crude Carriers (“ULCCs”) Very Large Crude Carriers (“VLCCs”) | | >320,000 200,000 – 319,999 | | Long-haul crude oil transportations from the Middle East Gulf and West Africa to Northern Europe, to the Far East and to the U.S. Gulf. |
Suezmax | | 120,000 – 199,999 | | Medium-haul of crude oil from the Middle East and West Africa to the United States and Europe. |
Aframax | | 80,000 – 119,999 | | Short- to medium-haul of crude oil and refined petroleum products from the North Sea or West Africa to Europe or the East Coast of the United States, from the Middle East Gulf to the Pacific Rim and on regional trade routes in the North Sea, the Caribbean, the Mediterranean and the Indo-Pacific Basin. |
Panamax | | 60,000 – 79,999 | | Short- to medium-haul of crude oil and refined petroleum products worldwide, mostly on regional trade routes. |
Handymax | | 40,000 – 59,999 | | Short-haul of mostly refined petroleum products |
Handysize | | 10,000 – 39,999 | | worldwide, usually on local or regional trade routes. |
Source: Clarkson Research, January 2008
Oil Tanker Demand
Demand for oil tankers is dictated by world oil demand and trade, which is influenced by many factors, including international economic activity, geographic changes in oil production, processing and consumption, oil price levels, inventory policies of the major oil and oil trading companies and strategic inventory policies of countries such as the USA and China.
Tanker demand is a product of (a) the amount of cargo transported in tankers, multiplied by (b) the distance over which this cargo is transported. The distance over which oil is transported is the more variable element of the tonne-mile demand equation. It is determined by seaborne trading and distribution patterns, which are principally influenced by the locations of production and the optimal economic distribution of the production to destinations for consumption. Seaborne trading patterns are also periodically influenced by geo-political events that divert tankers from normal trading patterns, as well as by inter-regional oil trading activity created by oil supply and demand imbalances. Overall, both long haul and short haul production (as defined on the graph below) has increased since 1993, as can be seen in the graph below. Falling production in some mature short haul oil fields, such as the North Sea and South East Asia, has been offset by the increasing production capacity of the former Soviet Union. Long haul production increases have largely been driven by Saudi Arabia, which has the greatest spare production capacity and greatest proven reserves, and Iraq as the country recovers from war and domestic problems. The level of exports from the Middle East has historically had a strong effect on demand for tankers, particularly for VLCC.
Major consumers, including the United States, Europe and China, have been forced to diversify their supply as regional fields’ mature, resulting in continued growth in demand for long haul and short haul oil. In 2003 and 2004, global oil demand grew strongly, with, according to IEA statistics, particularly strong performances in 2003 (up 1.6m bpd), 2004 (up 3.0m bpd) and 2005 (up 1.7m bpd), and slightly more moderate demand growth in 2006 (up 1m bpd). The IEA have projected oil demand growth of 1.0m bpd to 85.7m bpd in 2007 and growth of 2.1m bpd to 87.8m bpd in 2008. Forecasting agencies have been revising downwards
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their oil demand figures as a result of worries over the impact of the credit crunch and related concerns surrounding the U.S. economy, the high oil price and the possibility of this impacting economic growth and oil demand, subdued demand in the EU thought to be due to a milder than expected winter in 2007 and environmental concerns, and because of lower than expected demand in OECD Pacific nations.
Demand has been particularly propelled by a number of factors. Firstly, a resilient American economy which has performed strongly since the beginning of 2004. Between 2002 and 2007, U.S. oil demand is estimated to have grown by almost 0.7 million bpd, to 20.8 million bpd. In early 2008 however, there are increasing concerns about the state of the U.S. economy. Secondly, spectacular growth in China, which has surprised the market with its ever-increasing appetite for oil. Between 2002 and 2007, Chinese oil demand is estimated to have grown from 5.0m bpd to 7.5m bpd. Thirdly, to a lesser extent, this has also been true for India, where economic growth has expanded oil demand by 0.4 million bpd to 2.8m bpd over the same period. Finally the Middle East has seen a growth of 1.4m bpd demand between 2002 and 2007 to 6.6m bpd.
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It is estimated that USA, China and India together account ed for almost 36% of global oil demand in 2007. The combined demand from these three countries alone is responsible for 45% of the total demand growth between 2002 and 2007. The majority of this demand growth has been imported by sea. Over this period however, the Middle East accounted for 17% of demand growth none of which was imported by sea of course.
The growth in demand for oil and the changing location of supply is helping to change the structure of the tanker market. Between 2002 and 2006, around 85% of new production was located in three regions; the former Soviet Union, the Arabian Gulf and West Africa (together these three regions already produce over 43% of global supply). This has meant that the average distance between producing and consuming regions will have changed. An increasing reliance on oil from the Middle East and West Africa is, in many cases, likely to increase the average haul distance.
The graph below shows the proportion of VLCC spot fixtures delivering to each area in 2007. It can be seen that the majority vessels, 57.1% by dwt, discharge in the Far East (defined as Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia). The majority of these vessels load in the Arabian Gulf. North America is the second largest destination area, and the third largest destination area is the Near East, which includes the Arabian Gulf Nations, Iran, Pakistan and India. These cargoes are all from the Arabian Gulf.
As shown in the following graph, total seaborne oil trade has increased from 1.6 billion tonnes in 1990 to an estimated 2.7 billion tonnes in 2007. Tonnage of oil shipped is primarily a function of global oil consumption, which is driven by economic activity as well as the long-term impact of oil prices on the location and related volume of oil production. Tonnage of oil shipped is also influenced by transportation alternatives (such as pipelines) and the output of refineries.
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Over the past five years seaborne trade in crude oil has grown at an average rate of 3.2% per annum, and seaborne trade in refined petroleum products has grown at 6.3% per annum. These figures indicate that in general terms demand for world tanker tonnage is growing at a faster rate than global demand for oil, which implies that a larger proportion of global oil demand is being transported internationally by sea. The graph below compares annual percentage growth in crude tanker tonne miles and annual percentage growth in total world oil demand.
Oil Tanker Supply
The effective supply of oil tanker capacity is determined by the size of the existing fleet, the rate of deliveries of new buildings, and scrapping, as well as casualties, the number of combined carriers carrying oil, the number used as storage vessels and the amount of tonnage in lay-up. The carrying capacity of the international tanker fleet is a critical determinant in pricing for tanker transportation services.
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World Crude Oil and Product Tanker Fleet By Vessel Size
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Fleet | | % Share of Dwt | | Average Age (Years) | | % Double Hull (by Dwt) | | No. | | Orderbook Million Dwt | | % of Fleet |
Class | | Size (Dwt) | | Number | | Million Dwt |
ULCC/ VLCC | | | 200,000 & above | | | | 504 | | | | 148.3 | | | | 38.5 | % | | | 9.8 | | | | 72.4 | % | | | 177 | | | | 54.3 | | | | 36.6 | % |
Suezmax | | | 120,000 – 199,999 | | | | 361 | | | | 54.7 | | | | 14.2 | % | | | 9.6 | | | | 84.2 | % | | | 141 | | | | 22.2 | | | | 40.7 | % |
Aframax | | | 80,000 – 119,999 | | | | 742 | | | | 76.2 | | | | 19.8 | % | | | 9.9 | | | | 84.6 | % | | | 292 | | | | 32.1 | | | | 42.1 | % |
Panamax | | | 60,000 – 79,999 | | | | 342 | | | | 24.0 | | | | 6.2 | % | | | 9.3 | | | | 81.6 | % | | | 129 | | | | 9.5 | | | | 39.5 | % |
Handymax | | | 40,000 – 59,999 | | | | 853 | | | | 39.4 | | | | 10.2 | % | | | 9.2 | | | | 83.8 | % | | | 533 | | | | 25.5 | | | | 64.9 | % |
Handysize | | | 10,000 – 39,999 | | | | 1,776 | | | | 42.8 | | | | 11.1 | % | | | 13.8 | | | | 64.2 | % | | | 694 | | | | 13.9 | | | | 32.5 | % |
Total | | | | | | | 4,578 | | | | 385.4 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 11.2 | | | | 77.3 | % | | | 1,966 | | | | 157.5 | | | | 40.9 | % |
Source: Clarkson Research, OTTO January 2008.
Note: Includes ships above 10,000 dwt only.
The world tanker fleet (of 10,000 dwt and above) expanded from 275.4 million dwt at the beginning of 1996 to 385.4 million dwt at the start of 2008. That constituted a 40% expansion in 12 years. VLCCs are the largest sector by carrying capacity, making up 38.5% of the fleet in dwt terms.
The level of newbuilding orders is a function primarily of newbuilding prices in relation to current and anticipated charter market conditions. The orderbook indicates the number of confirmed shipbuilding contracts for newbuilding vessels that are scheduled to be delivered into the market and is an indicator of how the global supply of vessels will develop over the next few years. At the start of January 2008, the world tanker orderbook for vessels above 10,000 dwt was 157.5 million dwt, equivalent to a historically high 40.9% of the existing fleet. This is expected to lead to strong fleet growth, particularly in 2009, which may put downward pressure on charter rates. The tanker orderbook already currently contains vessels on order for delivery in 2012.
World Crude Oil and Product Tanker Orderbook By Vessel Size
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Orderbook (M. Dwt) | | Orderbook as % of Fleet |
Class | | Size (Dwt) | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | | Total | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | | Total |
ULCC/ VLCC | | | 200,000 & above | | | | 11.6 | | | | 20.7 | | | | 15.0 | | | | 5.8 | | | | 1.2 | | | | 54.3 | | | | 7.8 | % | | | 13.9 | % | | | 10.1 | % | | | 3.9 | % | | | 0.8 | % | | | 36.6% | |
Suezmax | | | 120,000-199,999 | | | | 3.3 | | | | 9.3 | | | | 7.4 | | | | 2.2 | | | | | | | | 22.2 | | | | 6.0 | % | | | 17.0 | % | | | 13.6 | % | | | 4.0 | % | | | 0.0 | % | | | 40.7% | |
Aframax | | | 80,000-119,999 | | | | 8.5 | | | | 11.4 | | | | 9.2 | | | | 3.0 | | | | | | | | 32.1 | | | | 11.2 | % | | | 15.0 | % | | | 12.1 | % | | | 3.9 | % | | | 0.0 | % | | | 42.1% | |
Panamax | | | 60,000-79,999 | | | | 3.1 | | | | 3.7 | | | | 1.4 | | | | 1.3 | | | | | | | | 9.5 | | | | 13.0 | % | | | 15.3 | % | | | 5.9 | % | | | 5.3 | % | | | 0.0 | % | | | 39.5% | |
Handymax | | | 40,000-59,999 | | | | 8.5 | | | | 8.4 | | | | 6.3 | | | | 2.2 | | | | 0.2 | | | | 25.5 | | | | 21.6 | % | | | 21.3 | % | | | 16.0 | % | | | 5.5 | % | | | 0.5 | % | | | 64.9% | |
Handysize | | | 10,000-39,999 | | | | 5.5 | | | | 4.2 | | | | 3.2 | | | | 0.8 | | | | 0.1 | | | | 13.9 | | | | 12.8 | % | | | 9.9 | % | | | 7.5 | % | | | 1.9 | % | | | 0.2 | % | | | 32.5% | |
Total | | | | | | | 40.5 | | | | 57.7 | | | | 42.6 | | | | 15.2 | | | | 1.5 | | | | 157.5 | | | | 10.5 | % | | | 15.0 | % | | | 11.0 | % | | | 4.0 | % | | | 0.4 | % | | | 40.9% | |
Source: Clarkson Research, January 2008.
Note: Includes ships above 10,000 dwt only.
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At any point in time, the level of scrapping activity is a function primarily of scrapping prices in relation to current and prospective charter market conditions, as well as operating, repair and survey costs, which are in turn sometimes determined by industry regulations. Insurance companies and customers rely on the survey and classification regime to provide reasonable assurance of a tanker’s seaworthiness and tankers must be certified as “in-class” in order to continue to trade. Because the costs of maintaining a tanker in-class rise substantially as the age of the tanker increases, tanker owners often conclude that it is more economical to scrap a tanker that has exhausted its anticipated useful life than to upgrade it to maintain it in-class. Scrapping levels are also affected by industry regulations (see “Regulatory Environment” below).
Tanker demolition (above 10,000 dwt) averaged 16.6 million dwt between 2000 and 2003 but fell to 8.0 million dwt in 2004 and 4.0 million dwt in 2005 with a buoyant market encouraging owners to prolong the life of their elderly vessels. Despite record high scrap prices in 2006, demolition fell to 3.0m dwt. In 2007 very limited scrapping activity was seen as freight rates were at historically high levels. Only 3.0m dwt of tankers were sold for scrap with an average age of 28.8 years. However, a further 5.1m dwt of tankers were converted to other uses during 2007.
Regulatory Environment
Governmental authorities and international conventions have historically regulated the oil and refined petroleum products transportation industry and since 1990 the emphasis on environmental protection has increased. Legislation and regulations such as the United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90), IMO protocols and classification society procedures demand higher-quality vessel construction, maintenance, repair and operations. This development has accelerated in recent years in the wake of several high-profile accidents involving 1970s-built ships of single-hull construction, including the “Erika” in 1999 and the “Prestige” in November 2002. A summary of selected regulations pertaining to the operation of tankers is shown in the table below.
Summary of Selected Shipping Regulations
| | | | |
Regulation | | Introduced/ Modified | | Features |
OPA 90 | | 1989 | | Single-hull tankers banned by 2010 in the U.S. |
| | | | Double sided and double bottom tankers banned by 2015. |
IMO MARPOL Regulation 13G | | 1992 | | Single-hull tankers banned from trading by their 25th anniversary. |
| | | | All single-hull tankers fitted with segregated ballast tanks may continue trading to their 30th anniversary, provided they have had selected inspections. |
| | | | New buildings must be double-hull. |
IMO MARPOL Regulation 13G | | 2001 | | Phase-out of pre-MARPOL tankers by 2007. Remaining single-hull tankers phased-out by 2015. |
IMO MARPOL Regulation 13G & 13H | | 2003 | | Phase-out of pre-MARPOL tankers by 2005. Remaining single-hull tankers phased-out by 2010 or 2015, depending on port and flag states. |
| | | | Single-hull tankers over 15 years of age subject to Conditional Assessment Scheme. |
| | | | Single-hull tankers banned from carrying heavy oil grades by 2005, or 2008 for tankers between 600 – 5,000 dwt. |
EU 417/2002 | | 1999 | | 25 year old single-hull tankers to cease trading by 2007 unless they apply hydrostatic balance methods or segregated ballast tanks. |
| | | | Single-hull tankers fitted with segregated ballast tanks phased-out by 2015. |
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| | | | |
Regulation | | Introduced/ Modified | | Features |
EU 1723/2003 | | 2003 | | Pre-MARPOL single-hull tankers banned after 2005. Remaining single-hull tankers banned after 2010. |
| | | | Single-hull tankers banned from carrying heavy oil grades by 2003. |
MARPOL Annex II, International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC) | | 2004 | | Since January 1, 2007, vegetable oils which were previously categorized as being unrestricted will now be required to be carried in IMO II chemical tankers, or certain IMO III tankers that meet the environmental protection requirements of an IMO II tanker with regard to hull type (double hull) and cargo tank location. |
Source: Clarkson Research, December 2007.
The increasing focus on safety and protection of the environment has led oil companies as charterers, terminal operators, flag states, shippers and receivers to become increasingly selective with respect to the vessels they charter, vetting both vessels and shipping companies on a periodic basis or not allowing these vessels into port. This vetting can include, but is not limited to, hull type, crewing, age and owner. Although these vetting procedures and increased regulations raise the operating cost and potential liabilities for tanker vessel owners and operators, they strengthen the relative competitive position of shipowners with higher quality tanker fleets and operations. Analysis of chartering in the entire market, shows that the level of single-hulled tonnage chartered by oil majors has dropped significantly in recent years.
The table below shows estimates of the number of UL/VLCC tankers due to be phased out under IMO Regulation 13G through 2010, alongside the current orderbook for delivery through 2010. The analysis assumes that the IMO phase-out program will be followed and that flag and port states will not allow extensions for single-hull vessels beyond 2010.
VLCC Tanker Phase-Out and Orderbook (Assuming 2010 Phase-out)
| | | | | | | | |
| | VLCC |
| | Phase-Out | | Orderbook |
| | No | | m dwt | | No | | m dwt |
Pre 2008 | | | 1 | | | | 0.23 | | | | — | | | | — | |
2008 | | | 1 | | | | 0.29 | | | | 38 | | | | 11.59 | |
2009 | | | 2 | | | | 0.62 | | | | 67 | | | | 20.67 | |
2010 | | | 140 | | | | 37.90 | | | | 49 | | | | 15.00 | |
2011 | | | 1 | | | | 0.23 | | | | 19 | | | | 5.80 | |
2012 | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4 | | | | 1.20 | |
Total Phase-Out | | | 145 | | | | 39.27 | | | | 177 | | | | 54.25 | |
Total Fleet | | | 504 | | | | 148.30 | | | | | | | | | |
% of Fleet* | | | | | | | 26.5 | % | | | | | | | 36.6 | % |
As of 1st January 2008.
Phase-out figures based on CRS estimates of IMO Reg 13G Phase-Out, February 1 2007. It assumes phase-out of all single-hull vessels at the 2010 deadline (although some vessels will benefit from possible extensions granted by flag and port states). Assumes double bottomed and double sided vessels will trade to 25 years. Assumes average demolition ages of 30 years for other vessels.
Vessels may continue to trade coastally.
Source: Clarkson Research Services Ltd
A number of countries or regions have announced that they will not allow the extended trading of non-double hull ships beyond 2010. These include the United States, European Union and Australia. Other countries, such as Japan, China and Singapore have indicated they will adopt a more flexible policy towards extensions. It is therefore possible that a significant proportion of single-hull ships will continue to trade
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beyond 2010, increasing the global supply of tanker capacity and putting downward pressure on rates. In addition, tankers may continue to trade in coastal domestic waters. Political decisions or oil spill incidents may change this flexible attitude. After the 1993 built, single hulled VLCC “Hebei Spirit” spilt 10,800 tonnes of crude in South Korea in November 2007, there have been a number of announcements by South Korean government officials and refiners that suggest they will modify their policy towards single hull vessels. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Energy Merger’s Industry — Energy Merger’s fleet will include four single hull tankers which may be unable to trade in many markets after 2010, thereby adversely affecting Energy Merger’s overall financial position.”
In addition to the above analysis a number of single hull tankers, the majority of which are VLCC, were either undergoing conversion or scheduled to carry out conversion to the dry bulk or offshore vessels. Most of these vessels will undergo these conversions several years ahead of their phase out timetable under IMO regulations. It is difficult to accurately quantify the number of conversions that will take place but it could significantly limit the growth of the tanker fleet in 2008.
Types of Employment
The charter market is highly competitive. Competition is based primarily on availability, the offered charter rate, the location and technical specification of the vessel and the reputation of the vessel and its manager. Typically, the agreed terms are based on standard industry charter parties prepared to streamline the negotiation and documentation processes. The most common types of employment structures for a tanker are:
| • | Spot market: The vessel earns income for each individual voyage based on the cargo carried and owner pays for bunkers and port charges. Earnings are dependent on prevailing market conditions, which can be highly volatile. Idle time between voyages is possible depending on the availability of cargo and position of the vessel. |
| • | Contract of affreightment: Contracts of affreightment are agreements by vessel owners/operators to carry quantities of a specific cargo on a particular route or routes over a given period of time using ships chosen by the vessel owners/operators within specified restrictions. Contracts of affreightment function as a long-term series of spot charters, except that the owner is not required to use a specific vessel to transport the cargo, but instead may use any vessel at its disposal. |
| • | Time charter: A time charter is a contract for the hire of a vessel for a certain period of time, with the vessel owner being responsible for providing the crew and paying operating costs, while the charterer is responsible for fuel and other voyage costs. A time charter is comparable to an operating lease. Some time charters also have profit sharing arrangements, the details of which vary from charter to charter. |
| • | Bareboat charter: The ship owner charters the vessel to another company (the charterer) for a pre-agreed period and daily rate. The charterer is responsible for operating the vessel and for payment of the charter rates. A bareboat charter is comparable to a finance lease. |
| • | Pool employment: The vessel is part of a fleet of similar vessels, brought together by their owners in order to exploit efficiencies and benefit from a profit sharing mechanism. The operator of the pool sources different cargo shipment contracts and directs the vessels in an efficient way to service these contractual obligations. Pools can benefit from profit and loss sharing effects and the benefits of potentially less idle time through coordination of vessel movements, but vessels sailing in a pool will also be vulnerable to adverse market conditions. |
The type of employment arrangement is determined by customer requirements for operational involvement and range of services, along with current market conditions.
Charter Rates & Asset Values
Seaborne crude oil and oil products transportation is a mature industry. The two main types of oil tanker operators are independent operators, both publicly listed and private companies, that charter out their vessels for voyage or time charter use and major oil companies (including state owned companies). At present, the majority of independent operators hire their tankers for one voyage at a time in the form of a spot charter at fluctuating rates based on existing tanker supply and demand. Oil tanker charter hire rates are sensitive to
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changes in demand for and supply of vessel capacity and consequently volatile. Pricing of oil transportation services occurs in a highly competitive global tanker charter market.
In recent years the tanker market has seen a much closer demand-supply balance than before. The slow removal of the large oversupply of tankers evident in the 1980s, combined with resurgent oil demand, led to the conditions experienced between 2004 and 2007 when the fine demand-supply balance led to increasing volatility and generally higher freight rates. During this period, there were a series of significant spikes in tanker rates; at the beginning of 2004, the summer/autumn of 2004, the autumn of 2005, the summer of 2006 and again in the winter of 2007. Various factors have contributed to these spikes: strong underlying economic and oil demand growth, strong seasonal demand, low stocks, strong Chinese and U.S. demand, congestion, hurricanes, geopolitical events such as the Venezuelan shut down and bullish owner sentiment.
The following graph shows the historical development of VLCC spot earnings (for an early 1990s-built vessel).
Average timecharter equivalent earnings as calculated by Clarkson Research using the assumptions for VLCCs described in Shipping Intelligence Weekly. Data to January 2008. There is no guarantee that rates are sustainable and rates move up and down significantly.
The following table shows the historical development of VLCC spot earnings (for modern VLCCs). For a longer term analysis of the historical VLCC spot rates, please see graph above.
Historical VLCC Spot Earnings (for Modern VLCCs)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Calendar Year | | Q1 |
| | 1997 | | 1998 | | 1999 | | 2000 | | 2001 | | 2002 | | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2007 | | 2008 |
Average Earnings/Day/VLCC | | | 38,335 | | | | 35,659 | | | | 21,096 | | | | 55,440 | | | | 38,829 | | | | 23,293 | | | | 52,453 | | | | 96,036 | | | | 60,627 | | | | 63,073 | | | | 57,147 | | | | 58,935 | | | | 91,611 | |
Cumulative Average Earnings/Day/VLCC | | | 38,335 | | | | 36,997 | | | | 31,697 | | | | 37,633 | | | | 37,872 | | | | 35,442 | | | | 37,872 | | | | 45,143 | | | | 46,863 | | | | 48,484 | | | | 49,272 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As at 2007/12/31 – Average for Last | | | | |
| | 1 Year | | 2 Years | | 3 Years | | 4 Years | | 5 Years | | 6 Years | | 7 Years | | 8 Years | | 9 Years | | 10 Years | | 11 Years | | | | |
Average Earnings/Day/VLCC | | | 57,147 | | | | 60,110 | | | | 60,282 | | | | 69,349 | | | | 65,983 | | | | 58,890 | | | | 56,032 | | | | 55,958 | | | | 52,093 | | | | 50,425 | | | | 49,165 | | | | | | | | | |
Source: Clarkson Research Services Limited May 2008
Note: Average Earnings of the main routes for Modern VLCCs.
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Average timecharter equivalent earnings as calculated by Clarkson Research using the assumptions for VLCCs described in Shipping Intelligence Weekly. There is no guarantee that rates are sustainable and rates move up and down significantly.
The following table shows the historical development of VLCC spot earnings for Ras Tanura / Chiba (for an early 1990s-built vessel).
Historical VLCC Tanker Earnings for Ras Tanura / Chiba (for 1990s-built VLCC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Calendar Year | | Q1 |
| | 1997 | | 1998 | | 1999 | | 2000 | | 2001 | | 2002 | | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2007 | | 2008 |
Average Earnings/Day/VLCC | | | 36,202 | | | | 32,432 | | | | 18,200 | | | | 51,734 | | | | 32,069 | | | | 20,803 | | | | 49,691 | | | | 89,757 | | | | 54,463 | | | | 55,720 | | | | 56,307 | | | | 51,790 | | | | 91,553 | |
Cumulative Average Earnings/Day/VLCC | | | 36,202 | | | | 34,317 | | | | 28,944 | | | | 34,642 | | | | 34,127 | | | | 31,907 | | | | 34,447 | | | | 41,361 | | | | 42,817 | | | | 44,107 | | | | 45,216 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As at 2007/12/31 – Average for Last | | | | |
| | 1 Year | | 2 Years | | 3 Years | | 4 Years | | 5 Years | | 6 Years | | 7 Years | | 8 Years | | 9 Years | | 10 Years | | 11 Years | | | | |
Average Earnings/Day/VLCC | | | 56,307 | | | | 56,013 | | | | 55,496 | | | | 64,184 | | | | 61,297 | | | | 54,569 | | | | 51,364 | | | | 51,410 | | | | 47,728 | | | | 46,175 | | | | 44,695 | |
Source: Clarkson Research May 2008
Note: Ras Tanura / Chiba VLCC Average Earnings for a 1990s-built VLCC
Average timecharter equivalent earnings as calculated by Clarkson Research using the assumptions for VLCCs described in Shipping Intelligence Weekly. There is no guarantee that rates are sustainable and rates move up and down significantly.
The following table shows the historical development of VLCC spot earnings for Ras Tanura / Chiba (for a modern VLCC).
Historical VLCC Spot Earnings Ras Tanura / Chiba (for a Modern VLCC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Calendar Year | | Q1 |
| | 1997 | | 1998 | | 1999 | | 2000 | | 2001 | | 2002 | | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2007 | | 2008 |
Average Earnings/Day/VLCC | | | 40,979 | | | | 36,819 | | | | 20,190 | | | | 58,190 | | | | 35,951 | | | | 22,804 | | | | 55,684 | | | | 101,633 | | | | 60,660 | | | | 61,759 | | | | 61,726 | | | | 57,250 | | | | 101,242 | |
Cumulative Average Earnings/Day/VLCC | | | 40,979 | | | | 38,899 | | | | 32,663 | | | | 39,044 | | | | 38,426 | | | | 35,822 | | | | 38,659 | | | | 46,531 | | | | 48,101 | | | | 49,467 | | | | 50,581 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As at 2007/12/31 – Average for Last | | | | |
| | 1 Year | | 2 Years | | 3 Years | | 4 Years | | 5 Years | | 6 Years | | 7 Years | | 8 Years | | 9 Years | | 10 Years | | 11 Years | | | | |
Average Earnings/Day/VLCC | | | 61,726 | | | | 61,742 | | | | 61,382 | | | | 71,589 | | | | 68,420 | | | | 60,842 | | | | 57,296 | | | | 57,407 | | | | 53,281 | | | | 51,609 | | | | 49,937 | | | | | | | | | |
Source: Clarkson Research May 2008
Note: Ras Tanura / Chiba Average Earnings Modern VLCC
Average timecharter equivalent earnings as calculated by Clarkson Research using the assumptions for VLCCs described in Shipping Intelligence Weekly. There is no guarantee that rates are sustainable and rates move up and down significantly.
Traditionally tanker timecharter activity has been low, especially when a high proportion of the tanker fleet was owned by the oil majors. More recently the oil companies have sought to spread the risk from carrying crude oil by engaging independent tanker owners. The average number of 1 year, 3 year and 5 year timecharters from 1993 to 2007 is around 164/year. However, between 1993 and 1998 the average was 124/year, and mainly the one year timecharter variety. Since then the three year variety has become popular, and the average number of three year time charters per year since 1998 is 49/year. Independent owners seek to lock in revenue during times of high freight rates by arranging timecharters, and this can be seen from the increase in 3 and 5 year time charters in 2006 in the graph below. Otherwise the independent owner prefers
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the flexibility of the spot market, to take advantage of any short term spike in spot rates and for the asset play opportunities. The Clarkson tanker fixture database has also noted an increasing number of VLCCs being taken on timecharter for longer-terms.
The table and graph below show the movements in various time charter rates for VLCC tankers:
Estimated Owner’s 1-Year and 3-Year Time Charter Rates
| | | | | | | | |
| | VLCC Tanker Rates |
| | 300,000 D/H | | 280,000 S/H |
| | 1-Year $/Day | | 3-Year $/Day | | 1-Year $/Day | | 3-Year $/Day |
Av 2001 | | | 41,104 | | | | | | | | 39,260 | | | | 35,577 | |
Av 2002 | | | 25,704 | | | | 27,251 | | | | 24,323 | | | | 25,824 | |
Av 2003 | | | 34,133 | | | | 30,097 | | | | 31,494 | | | | 27,070 | |
Av 2004 | | | 55,019 | | | | 41,690 | | | | 48,923 | | | | 34,465 | |
Av 2005 | | | 58,771 | | | | 47,271 | | | | 47,688 | | | | 37,625 | |
Av 2006 | | | 58,310 | | | | 47,219 | | | | 48,238 | | | | 38,621 | |
Av 2007 | | | 55,240 | | | | 48,290 | | | | 42,050 | | | | 36,781 | |
Dec-06 | | | 56,000 | | | | 48,000 | | | | 45,400 | | | | 38,000 | |
Jan-07 | | | 54,375 | | | | 46,875 | | | | 43,625 | | | | 38,000 | |
Feb-07 | | | 51,500 | | | | 44,750 | | | | 41,000 | | | | 37,000 | |
Mar-07 | | | 50,000 | | | | 44,400 | | | | 41,000 | | | | 37,000 | |
Apr-07 | | | 50,000 | | | | 45,000 | | | | 41,000 | | | | 37,000 | |
May-07 | | | 58,625 | | | | 47,500 | | | | 41,375 | | | | 37,000 | |
Jun-07 | | | 60,500 | | | | 49,500 | | | | 42,500 | | | | 37,000 | |
Jul-07 | | | 57,500 | | | | 51,500 | | | | 42,500 | | | | 37,000 | |
Aug-07 | | | 56,000 | | | | 51,500 | | | | 41,600 | | | | 37,000 | |
Sep-07 | | | 51,750 | | | | 49,875 | | | | 40,250 | | | | 36,375 | |
Oct-07 | | | 51,500 | | | | 49,500 | | | | 40,000 | | | | 36,000 | |
Nov-07 | | | 50,500 | | | | 48,200 | | | | 40,000 | | | | 36,000 | |
Dec-07 | | | 70,625 | | | | 50,875 | | | | 49,750 | | | | 36,000 | |
Source: Clarkson Research Services Ltd, January 1, 2008
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The vessels used in these timecharter estimates are the two standard modern vessels in this market sector. Clarkson brokers estimate timecharter rates each week for these standard vessels, which is informed by transactions and ongoing negotiations associated with vessels of similar size. There is often a bid offer spread between owners and charters and the above reflects published owners prices.
The vessels used in these timecharter estimates are the two standard modern vessels in this market sector. Clarkson brokers estimate timecharter rates each week for these standard vessels, which is informed by transactions and ongoing negotiations associated with vessels of similar size. There is often a bid offer spread between owners and charters and the above reflects published owners prices.
Like vessel earnings, oil tanker asset values have also fluctuated over time. The second hand sale and purchase market for tankers is relatively liquid, with tankers changing hands between owners on a regular basis. Oil tanker second hand prices are influenced by potential earnings and as a result of trends in the supply of and demand for tanker capacity. The following graph shows the historical development of 5 year old second hand and newbuilding standard VLCC prices.
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Newbuilding prices assume “European spec.”, 10/10/10/70% payments and “first class competitive yards” quotations.
There is a relationship between changes in asset values and the tanker charter market. A reduction in charter rates caused by a decrease in demand for and / or an increase in the supply of tanker vessels would reduce vessel prices, although there can be a lag in the change in vessel prices. The secondhand market is composed of two sectors: the market for vessels changing hands between owners and the market for the demolition of ships, with demolition breakers competing for vessels ready to be sold for scrap. The newbuilding market for ships is made up of owners looking to place contracts for new vessels, and the shipyards building them. Newbuilding prices increased significantly between 2003 and 2007, primarily as a result of increased tanker demand for new tonnage in response to increased demand for oil, higher charter rates, regulations requiring the phase-out of single-hull tankers, constrained shipyard capacity and rising steel prices (which contributed to a strong increase in shipyard costs). In addition, as a result of strong demand for other types of vessels, shipyard capacity, especially for large vessels, has been booked several years in advance, further contributing to the increased prices of newbuildings. In the medium term, shipbuilding capacity is growing strongly and may lead to weakening prices in a period of weaker shipbuilding demand.
Recent developments in the newbuilding and secondhand prices of standard VLCC tankers are shown below. From July to December 2007, four vessels sales have been publicly reported in the “modern” (2000-built or younger) VLCC sector. Prices have varied between $137.5 million (in July 2007 for a 2002-built vessel) and $122 million (in December for a 2000 built vessel). In the fourth quarter of 2007, five 1990s built single hull VLCC sales were publicly reported. Prices varied between $32 million and $58.1 million. A number of these single hull vessels were reportedly sold for conversion and a correction in the dry cargo market could lead to this demand declining and decreasing single hull values.
Estimated Tanker Newbuilding and Secondhand Prices ($ in Millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Start Year: | | 2002 | | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 |
300,000 dwt D/H newbuilding | | | 70.0 | | | | 65.5 | | | | 79.0 | | | | 120.0 | | | | 122.0 | | | | 130.0 | | | | 146.0 | |
300,000 dwt D/H Resale | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 140.0 | | | | 138.0 | | | | 155.0 | |
300,000 dwt D/H 5-year-old vessel | | | 58.0 | | | | 60.0 | | | | 72.0 | | | | 110.0 | | | | 120.0 | | | | 117.0 | | | | 138.0 | |
250,000 dwt S/H 15-year old vessel | | | 18.0 | | | | 17.0 | | | | 24.0 | | | | 48.0 | | | | 37.0 | | | | 39.0 | | | | 59.0 | |
Source: Clarkson Research Services Ltd
Dates shown refer to contracting date for a newbuild. Vessel typically would not be delivered for another 30 – 36 months. NB prices relate to a theoretically “standard” vessel which assumes “European spec”, 10/10/10/70% payments and “first class competitive yards” quotations.
Based on broker estimates and actual sales assuming charter free, willing buyer/willing seller at the point in time indicated in the table. There is no guarantee that the prices are sustainable and readers should be aware that prices may move up and down significantly. Longer term trends are shown in the graph below.
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DIVIDEND POLICY OF ENERGY MERGER
Under the Share Purchase Agreement and subject to its ability to do so under applicable law, Energy Merger has agreed to pay dividends of $1.54 per share to Energy Merger’s public stockholders by the end of the first year following the consummation of the Business Combination. Vanship has agreed, and it is a condition to the closing of the Business Combination that Energy Merger insiders shall have agreed, to waive any right to receive dividend payments in the one-year period immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination in order to facilitate the payment of these dividends. Dividends of $1.54 per share in the first year following the Business Combination should not be viewed as indicative of any dividend payments that Energy Merger will make in the future and there can be no assurances that Energy Merger will have the cash available for distribution of these dividends. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Energy Merger’s Common Stock.” Investors should not rely on an investment in Energy Merger if they require dividend income. It is not certain that Energy Merger will pay a dividend and the return on an investment in Energy Merger, if any, may come solely from appreciation of its common stock, which is also not assured.”
The payment of dividends following the Business Combination will be in the discretion of Energy Merger’s board of directors and will depend on market conditions and Energy’s Merger’s business strategy in any given period. The timing and amount of dividend payments will be dependent upon Energy Merger’s earnings, financial condition, cash requirements and availability, fleet renewal and expansion, restrictions in its credit facility, the provisions of Marshall Islands law affecting the payment of distributions to stockholders and other factors. Energy Merger’s ability to pay dividends will be limited by the amount of cash it can generate from operations, primarily the charter hire, net of commissions, received by Energy Merger under the charters for its vessels during the preceding calendar quarter, less expenses for that quarter, consisting primarily of vessel operating expenses (including management fees), general and administrative expenses, debt service, maintenance expenses and the establishment of any reserves as well as additional factors unrelated to its profitability. These reserves may cover, among other things, future dry-docking, repairs, claims, liabilities and other obligations, interest expense and debt amortization, acquisitions of additional assets and working capital.
Because Energy Merger is a holding company with no material assets other than the shares of its subsidiaries which will directly own the vessels in Energy Merger’s fleet, Energy Merger’s ability to pay dividends will depend on the earnings and cash flow of its subsidiaries and their ability to pay dividends to Energy Merger. Energy Merger cannot assure you that, after the expiration or earlier termination of its charters, Energy Merger will have any sources of income from which dividends may be paid. If there is a substantial decline in the charter market, this would negatively affect Energy Merger’s earnings and limit its ability to pay dividends. In particular, Energy Merger’s ability to pay dividends is subject to its ability to satisfy certain financial covenants that may be contained in the credit facility that Energy Merger expects to enter into.
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Anticipated Accounting Treatment
The Business Combination will be accounted for as a “reverse merger” since, immediately following completion of the transaction, the stockholder of the SPVs immediately prior to the Business Combination will have effective control of Energy Infrastructure through its approximately 39% stockholder interest in the combined entity, assuming no stockholder redemptions (46% in the event of maximum stockholder redemptions) and control of a majority of the board of directors and all of the senior executive positions. For accounting purposes, the SPVs (through Energy Merger, a newly-formed holding company) will be deemed to be the accounting acquirer in the transaction and, consequently, the transaction will be treated as a recapitalization of the SPVs, i.e., the issuance of stock by the SPVs (through Energy Merger) for the stock of Energy Infrastructure and a cash dividend equal to the cash portion of the consideration. Accordingly, the combined assets, liabilities and results of operations of the SPVs will become the historical financial statements of Energy Infrastructure, and Energy Infrastructure’s assets, liabilities and results of operations will be consolidated with the SPVs beginning on the acquisition date. No step-up in basis or intangible assets or goodwill will be recorded in this transaction, except that the concurrent acquisition of the 50% equity interest in the three of the SPVs currently held by a third party will result in the step-up of the proportionate share of assets and liabilities acquired to reflect consideration paid.
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared assuming that the business combination has occurred at the beginning of the applicable period for pro forma statements of operations data and at the respective date for pro forma balance sheet data. Two different levels of approval of the acquisition by Energy Infrastructure’s stockholders are presented, as follows:
| • | Assuming No Redemption of Shares: This presentation assumes that no stockholders exercised their redemption rights; and |
| • | Assuming Redemption of 6,525,118 Shares (one share less than 30%): This presentation assumes that holders of 6,525,118 shares of Energy Infrastructure’s outstanding common stock exercise their redemption rights. |
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined information is for illustrative purposes only. You should not rely on the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as being indicative of the historical financial position that would have been achieved had the Business Combination been consummated as of this date. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Energy Merger — The historical financial and operating data of the SPVs and the pro forma combined financial information of Energy Merger may not be representative of Energy Merger’s future results because Energy Merger has no operating history as a stand-alone entity or as a publicly traded company.”
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Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. and SPVs to Be Acquired
(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet
March 31, 2008
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Aggregate SPV's to Be Acquired (Note E) | | Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. | | Pro Forma Adjustments and Eliminations | | Pro Forma Combined Companies (With No Stock Redemption) | | Additional Pro Forma Adjustments for Redemption of 6,525,118 Shares of Common Stock | | Pro Forma Combined Companies (With Maximum Stock Redemption) |
| | Debit | | Credit | | Debit | | Credit |
ASSETS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current assets
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 32,855,956 | | | $ | 11,003 | | | | 217,799,903 | (1) | | | 2,545,750 | (2) | | $ | 12,391,280 | | | | 53,764,858 | (30) | | | 65,271,641 | (18) | | $ | 0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 50,000,000 | (7) | | | 9,974,036 | (31) | | | | | | | 652,512 | (34) | | | 1,537,009 | (19) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 410,340,000 | (12) | | | 156,314,204 | (26) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 41,250 | (3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 536,252 | (17) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 430,165,000 | (21) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 95,541 | (23) | | | 4,880,693 | (28) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 94,198,938 | (24) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 55,000 | (35) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Restricted cash | | | 5,083,541 | | | | — | | | | | | | | 5,083,541 | (23) | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Money market funds – held in trust | | | — | | | | 217,799,903 | | | | | | | | 217,799,903 | (1) | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Trade accounts receivable | | | 7,664,560 | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | 7,664,560 | | | | | | | | | | | | 7,664,560 | |
Prepayments and other receivables | | | 943,995 | | | | 90,582 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,034,577 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,034,577 | |
Supplies | | | 1,032,201 | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,032,201 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,032,201 | |
Amounts due from related parties | | | 2,124,835 | | | | — | | | | | | | | 1,654,178 | (5) | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 470,657 | (29) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total current assets | | | 49,705,088 | | | | 217,901,488 | | | | | | | | | | | | 22,122,618 | | | | | | | | | | | | 9,731,338 | |
Restricted cash | | | 10,012,000 | | | | — | | | | 4,988,000 (23) | | | | | | | | 15,000,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | 15,000,000 | |
Loans to related parties | | | 57,700,000 | | | | — | | | | | | | | 32,500,000 | (5) | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 25,200,000 | (29) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred loan costs | | | 1,160,960 | | | | — | | | | 4,660,000 (12) | | | | 1,160,960 | (22) | | | 4,715,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | 4,715,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 55,000 | (35) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Vessels, net | | | 531,829,515 | | | | — | | | | 12,634,620 (25) | | | | | | | | 544,464,135 | | | | | | | | | | | | 544,464,135 | |
Intangible assets | | | — | | | | — | | | | 709,923 | (25) | | | | | | | 709,923 | | | | | | | | | | | | 709,923 | |
Deferred acquisition costs | | | — | | | | 1,845,227 | | | | 4,809,773 | (15) | | | 10,875,000 | (32) | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 4,220,000 | (16) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 650,407,563 | | | $ | 219,746,715 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 587,011,676 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 574,620,396 | |
LIABILITIES
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current portion of long-term bank loan | | $ | 52,545,000 | | | $ | — | | | | 52,545,000 | (21) | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | | | | | | | | $ | — | |
Current portion of credit facility | | | — | | | | — | | | | | | | | 40,600,000 | (12) | | | 40,600,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | 40,600,000 | |
Amounts due to related parties | | | 8,125,393 | | | | — | | | | 7,654,736 | (5) | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 470,657 | (29) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amount due to Vanship | | | — | | | | — | | | | 94,198,938 | (24) | | | 94,198,938 | (5) | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Accrued liabilities and other payables | | | 10,088,076 | | | | 282,100 | | | | 41,250 | (3) | | | | | | | 10,328,926 | | | | | | | | | | | | 10,328,926 | |
Accrued acquisition costs | | | — | | | | 944,263 | | | | 9,974,036 | (31) | | | 4,809,773 | (15) | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4,220,000 | (16) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amounts due to underwriter | | | — | | | | 2,545,750 | | | | 2,545,750 | (2) | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Deferred interest on funds held in trust | | | — | | | | 1,537,009 | | | | 1,537,009 | (4) | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Accrued interest payable to shareholder | | | — | | | | 36,252 | | | | 36,252 | (17) | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Note payable to stockholder | | | — | | | | 500,000 | | | | 500,000 | (17) | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Convertible loans payable to shareholder | | | — | | | | 2,685,000 | | | | 2,685,000 | (6) | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Deferred revenue | | | 4,945,342 | | | | — | | | | | | | | 20,249 | (25) | | | 4,965,591 | | | | | | | | | | | | 4,965,591 | |
Derivative financial instruments | | | 4,880,693 | | | | — | | | | 4,880,693 | (28) | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
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Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. and SPVs to Be Acquired
(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet
March 31, 2008
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Aggregate SPV's to Be Acquired (Note E) | | Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. | | Pro Forma Adjustments and Eliminations | | Pro Forma Combined Companies (With No Stock Redemption) | | Additional Pro Forma Adjustments for Redemption of 6,525,118 Shares of Common Stock | | Pro Forma Combined Companies (With Maximum Stock Redemption) |
| | Debit | | Credit | | Debit | | Credit |
Total current liabilities | | | 80,584,504 | | | | 8,530,374 | | | | | | | | | | | | 55,894,517 | | | | | | | | | | | | 55,894,517 | |
Long-term bank loan, excluding current portion | | | 377,620,000 | | | | — | | | | 377,620,000 | (21) | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Credit facility, excluding current portion | | | — | | | | — | | | | | | | | 374,400,000 | (12) | | | 374,400,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | 374,400,000 | |
Loans from related parties | | | 145,898,380 | | | | — | | | | 120,698,380 | (5) | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 25,200,000 | (29) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred loan income | | | 320,327 | | | | — | | | | 320,327 | (22) | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Total liabilities | | | 604,423,211 | | | | 8,530,374 | | | | | | | | | | | | 430,294,517 | | | | | | | | | | | | 430,294,517 | |
Common stock subject to possible redemption | | | — | | | | 64,619,129 | | | | 64,619,129 | (4) | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Equity funding replacement offering | | | — | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | 53,764,858 | (30) | | | 53,764,858 | |
Shareholders' equity
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value | | | — | | | | — | | | | | | | | 0 | (33) | | | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | 0 | |
Common stock, $0.0001 par value | | | — | | | | 2,722 | | | | | | | | 27 | (6) | | | 4,699 | | | | 653 | (18) | | | | | | | 4,019 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 500 | (7) | | | | | | | 27 | (20) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 100 | (11) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,350 | (13) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ordinary shares | | | 39 | | | | — | | | | 39 | (27) | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Paid-in capital in excess of par | | | — | | | | 158,481,728 | | | | 7,780,000 | (36) | | | 64,619,129 | (4) | | | 93,270,019 | | | | 64,618,476 | (18) | | | 27 | (20) | | | 28,651,570 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 156,314,204 | (26) | | | 2,684,973 | (6) | | | | | | | 652,512 | (18) | | | 652,512 | (34) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | — | | | | 53,099,500 | (7) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 208,250 | (8) | | | 208,250 | (8) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 208,250 | (9) | | | 208,250 | (9) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 0 | (33) | | | 15,034,096 | (10) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 18,298,722 | (27) | | | 10,619,900 | (11) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 1,350 | (13) | | | 12,634,620 | (25) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 36,004,325 | (14) | | | 689,674 | (25) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 10,875,000 | (32) | | | 7,780,000 | (36) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 3,100,000 | (7) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) | | | 64,283,074 (11,887,238 | ) | | | 840,633 | (22) | | | 1,537,009 | (4) | | | 63,442,441 | | | | 1,537,009 | (19) | | | | | | | 61,905,432 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 10,620,000 | (11) | | | 36,004,325 | (14) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 15,034,096 | (10) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deemed distribution | | | (18,298,761 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | 18,298,761 | (27) | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Total shareholders' equity | | | 45,984,352 | | | | 146,597,212 | | | | | | | | | | | | 156,717,159 | | | | | | | | | | | | 90,561,021 | |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | | $ | 650,407,563 | | | $ | 219,746,715 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 587,011,676 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 574,620,396 | |
| (5) | To aggregate amounts due from and due to Vanship entities not being acquired. See payment recorded at entry (24) below. |
| (6) | To record conversion of Sagredos convertible loans into 268,500 units, each unit consisting of one share of common stock and one common stock purchase warrant, at a conversion price of $10.00 perunit. |
| (7) | To record Vanship purchase of up to 5,000,000 units, each unit consisting of one share of common stock and one common stock purchase warrant, at a purchase price of $10.00 per unit. (Valued at marketprice per unit at closing date, see note A below). Vanship has verbally indicated to Energy Infrastructure its intention to purchase all 5,000,000 units upon completion of the Business Combination, provided thatthe loan commitment from Energy Merger’s future lenders does not increase from the current $415 million amount. If developments in the credit market were to permit the borrowing of additional funds,Vanship would reconsider the purchase of all 5,000,000 units. |
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(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet
March 31, 2008
| (8) | To record the surrender of 425,000 warrants held by Energy Corp., a company controlled by Sagredos. (Valued at market price per warrant at closing date, see note A below). The warrants were originallyissued by the Company in a non-compensatory transaction. |
| (9) | To record the transfer of 425,000 warrants to Vanship. (Valued at market price per warrant at closing date, see note A below). As the warrants are considered to be a cost of the reverse merger, they will beaccounted for as a direct charge to additional paid-in capital. |
| (10) | To record the termination of options held by Sagredos and Theotokis to purchase 3,585,000 shares of common stock at unamortized fair value. The fair value at date of issue was $34,917,900, lessaccumulated amortization of $19,883,804. The unamortized fair value of such options will be charged to operations at closing. The charge has not been reflected in the pro forma statement of operations since itis a non-recurring expense associated with compensation to Energy's former CEO, and is payable upon the closing of the Business Combination. |
| (11) | To record issue of 1,000,000 units, each unit consisting of one share of common stock and one common stock purchase warrant, to Sagredos. (Valued at market price per unit at closing date, see note Abelow, times 1,000,000 units). The fair value of such services will be charged to operations at closing. The charge has not been reflected in the pro forma statement of operations since it is a non-recurringexpense. |
| (12) | To record drawdown on credit facility of $415,000,000, including loan origination costs of $4,660,000. Per the facility agreement, the first four quarterly installments are to be $10,150,000 each. Energy hasentered into (i) a $325.0 million long-term bank loan, or Loan A, with DVB Group Merchant Bank (Asia) Ltd, or DVB, Fortis Bank S.A./N.V., Singapore Branch, and NIBC Bank Ltd, or NIBC, DeutscheSchiffsbank Aktiengesellschaft, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ), Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c., Bayerische Hypo- und Vereinsbank AG, Singapore Branch, and The Governor and Company of the Bank of Ireland, as lenders, DVB, Fortis Bank S.A./N.V., Singapore Branch, and NIBC, as mandated lead arrangers and bookrunners, DVB, as agent, DVB Bank AG, Fortis Bank S.A./N.V., or Fortis, and NIBC Bank N.V., as swap providers, and DVB, as security agent, and (ii) a $90.0 million long-term bank loan, or Loan B, with DVB, Deutsche Schiffsbank Aktiengesellschaft, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) and Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c., as lenders, DVB, as agent and security agent, and DVB Bank AG, as swap provider, both dated as of June 30, 2008. |
| (13) | To record issue of 13,500,000 shares of common stock to Vanship in reverse merger transaction. |
| (14) | To eliminate historical accumulated deficit of accounting acquiree. |
| (15) | To accrue balance of EIAC estimated direct costs for the preparation and negotiation of the agreement related to Business Combination based upon engagement letters, actual invoices and/or currently updated fee estimates as follows: |
| | |
Investment banking fees | | $ | 4,250,000 | |
Legal fees | | | 1,125,000 | |
Fairness opinion fees | | | 200,000 | |
Due diligence fees | | | 240,000 | |
Valuation fees | | | 60,000 | |
Accounting fees | | | 780,000 | |
Total estmated costs | | | 6,655,000 | |
Less costs incurred to-date | | | (1,845,227 | ) |
Balance to accrue | | $ | 4,809,773 | |
Total estimated costs do not include contingent underwriters fees of approximatety $2,400,000 that are payable upon consumation of the Business Combination as these costs were incurred in connection withEnergy's initial public offering and have already been provided for on Energy's books.
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(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet
March 31, 2008
| (16) | To accrue Vanship estimated direct costs for the preparation and negotiation of the agreement related to Business Combination based upon engagement letters, actual invoices and/or currently updated feeestimates as follows: |
| | |
Legal fees | | $ | 2,640,000 | |
Accounting fees | | | 650,000 | |
Filing fees | | | 750,000 | |
Miscellaneous costs | | | 180,000 | |
Total estmated costs | | $ | 4,220,000 | |
| (17) | To record payment of principal and accrued interest due to Sagredos on shareholder loans. |
| (18) | To record redemption of 6,525,118 shares (one share less than 30%) of Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. shares of common stock issued in the Company's initial public offering, at March 31, 2008redemption value of $10 per share, of which $0.10 per share represents a portion of the underwriter's contingent fee which the underwriter's have agreed to forego for each share redeemed and which is includedin amounts due to underwriter and has already been charged to additional paid-in capital, plus a portion of the interest earned on the trusts. The number of shares assumed redeemed, 6,525,118, is based on one share less than 30% of the initial public offering shares outstanding prior to the merger and represents the maximum number of shares that may be redeemed without precluding the consummation of themerger. |
| (19) | To record the payment to redeeming shareholders of interest earned on the trust account attributed to the redeeming shareholders. |
| (20) | To record the surrender and cancellation of 270,000 shares of common stock held by Energy Infrastructure management in order to offset the resulting dilution to nonredeeming shareholders, assuming fullredemption of 6,525,118 shares. |
| (21) | To record repayment of existing long-term bank debt financing. |
| (22) | To record write-off of deferred loan charges and credits related to existing long-term debt financing to be repaid. |
| (23) | To establish restricted cash balance pursuant to new credit facility loan covenants at $15,000,000. The excess of the aggregate of the SPV's existing restricted cash balance over the required restricted cash balance pursuant to the new loan facility is transferred to cash and cash equivalents. |
| (24) | To record repayment of debt to related parties. |
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(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet
March 31, 2008
| (25) | To adjust the carrying value of three SPV's to be acquired to reflect the acquisition of the remaining 50% joint venture interest, concurrently with the Business Combination as follows: |
| | | | | | | | |
| | Shinyo Jubilee | | Shinyo Mariner | | Shinyo Sawako | | Total |
Fair value of the vessel – (50%) | | $ | 20,000,000 | | | $ | 28,250,000 | | | $ | 31,250,000 | | | $ | 79,500,000 | |
Intangible assets (deferred revenue) - (50%) | | | — | | | | (1,148,413 | ) | | | 1,838,087 | | | | 689,674 | |
Fair value of net assets acquired | | | 20,000,000 | | | | 27,101,587 | | | | 33,088,087 | | | | 80,189,674 | |
Cash consideration | | | (19,000,000 | ) | | | (25,000,000 | ) | | | (30,000,000 | ) | | | (74,000,000 | ) |
Negative goodwill | | | 1,000,000 | | | | 2,101,587 | | | | 3,088,087 | | | | 6,189,674 | |
Less: vessel | | | (1,000,000 | ) | | | (2,101,587 | ) | | | (3,088,087 | ) | | | (6,189,674 | ) |
Adjusted cost of vessel – (50%) | | | 19,000,000 | | | | 26,148,413 | | | | 28,161,913 | | | | 73,310,326 | |
Carrying amount of vessel – (50%) | | | (14,260,296 | ) | | | (24,156,554 | ) | | | (22,258,856 | ) | | | (60,675,706 | ) |
Vessel, net | | $ | 4,739,704 | | | $ | 1,991,859 | | | $ | 5,903,057 | | | $ | 12,634,620 | |
Amortization of intangible assets (deferred revenue):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Intangible assets (deferred revenue) | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,148,413 | ) | | $ | 1,838,087 | | | | | |
Amortization period (in months) | | | | | | | 27 | | | | 45 | | | | | |
Intangible assets (deferred revenue):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current portion | | $ | — | | | $ | (510,406 | ) | | $ | 490,157 | | | $ | (20,249 | ) |
Non-current portion | | | — | | | | (638,007 | ) | | | 1,347,930 | | | | 709,923 | |
Total | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,148,413 | ) | | $ | 1,838,087 | | | $ | 689,674 | |
Deferred revenue represents the liability arising from a below market value time charter assumed upon acquisition of a vessel under the existing charter, while intangible assets represent an asset arising from an above market value time charter acquired upon acquisition of a vessel under an existing charter. The fair value of net assets acquired include vessels and intangible assets and deferred revenue in respect of charters attached to these vessels. The allocation of fair value represents management's current best estimate, and may be subject to change when the valuation for purchase accounting is complete.
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(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet
March 31, 2008
| (26) | To record cash settlement paid to Vanship as follows: |
| | | | |
Total consideration per the Agreement | | | | | | $ | 778,000,000 | |
Plus net working capital of SPV's to be acquired:
| | | | | | | | |
Cash and restricted cash | | $ | 47,951,497 | | | | | |
Receivables and prepayments | | | 8,608,555 | | | | | |
Supplies | | | 1,032,201 | | | | | |
Less accrued liabilities and other payables | | | (10,088,076 | ) | | | | |
Less deferred revenue | | | (4,945,342 | ) | | | 42,558,835 | |
Less value attributed to non-cash consideration:
| | | | | | | | |
Common stock, see (13) above | | | | | | | (135,000,000 | ) |
Preferred stock, see (33) below | | | | | | | (0 | ) |
Total cash consideration | | | | | | | 685,558,835 | |
Less debt assumed and paid by Energy:
| | | | | | | | |
Related parties, see (24) above | | | | | | | (94,198,938 | ) |
Settlement of derivative, see (28) below | | | | | | | (4,880,693 | ) |
Long-term bank debt, see (21) above | | | | | | | (430,165,000 | ) |
Net cash paid to Vanship | | | | | | $ | 156,314,204 | |
| (27) | To eliminate deemed distribution and ordinary shares of SPV's against paid-in capital in excess of par. |
| (28) | To record payment in settlement of derivative financial instrument upon repayment of existing related long-term bank debt financing. |
| (29) | To eliminate intercorporate SPV receivables and payables for advances, loans and related interest. |
| (30) | To record equity funding replacement offering. See Note C below. |
| (31) | To record payment of EIAC and Vanship costs related to Business Combination. |
| (32) | To record charge-off of costs related to Business Combination. |
| (33) | To record issuance of 1 share of preferred stock to Vanship in reverse merger transaction. See Note (H) below. |
| (34) | To reverse portion of deferred underwriters' fee forfeited to redeeming shareholders ($0.10 per share times 6,525,118 shares). |
| (35) | To record legal fees paid to lenders outside counsel as additional loan origination costs. |
| (36) | To record investment banking fees to be paid directly by Vanship which will not to be reimbursed or funded by the Company. As the transaction is being recorded as a reverse merger, such costs are reflectedonly in additional paid-in capital. |
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(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet
March 31, 2008
Pro Forma Notes:
| (A) | The current market prices of Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. common stock and common stock purchase warrants utilized in above calculations were as follows as of June 9, 2008: |
| | |
Market price per share of common stock (AMEX EII) | | $ | 10.13 | |
Market price per common stock warrant (AMEX EII.WS) | | | 0.49 | |
Total market price per unit | | $ | 10.62 | |
| (B) | The above pro forma balance sheet does not provide for costs, if any, as a result of the Company's redomiciliation. See “MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS” elsewherein the merger proxy. |
| (C) | The equity funding replacement offering represents the capital to be raised to provide the cash necessary to fund the redemption amount of shareholders who elect to have their shares redeemed at closing. The pro forma condensed combined financial statements do not give effect to any issuance of convertible preferred stock or other convertible securities that may ultimately be issued as part of theBusiness Combination, as no determination has been made to date with respect to the specific provisions of such securities. See related risk factor“Energy Infrastructure may not have sufficient funds tocomplete the Business Combination” elsewhere in the merger proxy. |
| (D) | Pro forma entries are recorded to the extent they are a direct result of the Business Combination and are factually supportable, regardless of whether or not they have continuing future impact or arenon-recurring. |
| (E) | The column entitled“Aggregate SPV's To Be Acquired” represents the sum of the historical financial statements of each respective SPV, and does not purport to represent the the financial position of the SPV's presented on a combined or consolidated basis under U.S. GAAP. |
| (F) | The pro forma condensed combined financial statements do not give effect to any issuance of convertible preferred stock or other convertible securities that may ultimately be issued as part of theBusiness Combination, as no determination has been made to date with respect to the specific provisions of such securities. |
| (G) | Vanship will be eligible to earn an additional 3,000,000 shares of common stock in each of the first and second 12-month periods following the merger (up to a total of 6,000,000 shares in the aggregate) basedon the achievement of at least $75,000,000 of EBITDA (as defined) associated with the purchased vessels on an annual basis. Upon issuance, the shares will be recorded as an adjustment to the accountingacquiree's basis in the reverse merger transaction, and will be included in the calculations of earnings per share from such date. |
| (H) | One share of special preferred voting stock will be issued to Vanship in connection with the Business Combination. The special voting preferred stock will have voting and economic rights equivalent to one shareof common stock except that the holder of the special voting preferred stock will be entitled to nominate and elect three of Energy's nine directors. In addition, for so long as any shares of special voting preferredstock are outstanding, the consent of the three directors elected by the holders of special voting preferred stock will be required for the authorization or issuance of any additional shares of preferred stock ofEnergy. The one share of special voting preferred stock will be convertible into one share of common stock at the option of the holder. |
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(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Aggregate SPV’s to be Acquired (Note A) | | Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. | | Pro Forma Adjustments and Eliminations | | Pro Forma Combined Companies (With No Stock Redemption) | | Additional Pro Forma Adjustments for Redemption of 6,525,118 Shares of Common Stock | | Pro Forma Combined Companies (With Maximum Stock Redemption) |
| | Debit | | Credit | | Debit | | Credit |
Operating revenue
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenue | | $ | 36,709,595 | | | $ | - | | | | | | | | | | | | 5,062 | | | | (9 | ) | | $ | 36,714,657 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 36,714,657 | |
Operating expenses
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Vessel operating expenses | | | 5,476,168 | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5,476,168 | | | | | | | | | | | | 5,476,168 | |
Voyage expenses | | | 2,695,601 | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2,695,601 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2,695,601 | |
Depreciation expenses | | | 9,523,083 | | | | - | | | | 495,677 | | | | (9 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | 10,018,760 | | | | | | | | | | | | 10,018,760 | |
Management fee | | | 256,500 | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 256,500 | | | | | | | | | | | | 256,500 | |
Commission | | | 845,386 | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 845,386 | | | | | | | | | | | | 845,386 | |
Share-based compensation | | | - | | | | 2,909,825 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2,909,825 | | | | (8 | ) | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | - | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 138,834 | | | | 293,121 | | | | 1,025,000 | | | | (5 | ) | | | 431,955 | | | | (5 | ) | | | 1,025,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,025,000 | |
Total operating expenses | | | 18,935,572 | | | | 3,202,946 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 20,317,415 | | | | | | | | | | | | 20,317,415 | |
Operating income (loss) | | | 17,774,023 | | | | (3,202,946 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 16,397,243 | | | | | | | | | | | | 16,397,243 | |
Other income (expense)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 1,333,452 | | | | 881,954 | | | | 881,954 | | | | (3 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | 937,795 | | | | | | | | | | | | 937,795 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 395,657 | | | | (6 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | (8,825,225 | ) | | | (19,066 | ) | | | 133,194 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 8,448,634 | | | | (4 | ) | | | (4,649,069 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (4,649,069 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | 4,515,875 | | | | (2 | ) | | | 395,657 | | | | (6 | ) | | | | | | | | |
Write-off of deferred loan costs | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | - | |
Changes in fair value of derivatives | | | (2,649,905 | ) | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (2,649,905 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (2,649,905 | ) |
Other, net | | | 110,829 | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 110,829 | | | | | | | | | | | | 110,829 | |
Total other income (expense) | | | (10,030,849 | ) | | | 862,888 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (6,250,350 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (6,250,350 | ) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 7,743,174 | | | $ | (2,340,058 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 10,146,892 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 10,146,892 | |
Net income per common share —
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 0.22 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 0.25 | |
Diluted | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 0.19 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 0.22 | |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding (Notes C and G) —
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 46,990,247 | | | | | | | | | | | | 40,195,129 | |
Diluted | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 52,881,684 | | | | | | | | | | | | 46,086,566 | |
Cash dividends paid per common share (Note B) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 0.29 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 0.29 | |
Pro Forma Adjustments and Eliminations:
| (1) | To record amortization of deferred loan origination costs based on provisions of the loan agreements ($4,650,000 / 108 mo × 3 mo + $10,000 / 12 mo × 3 mo + $55,000 / 108 × 3 mo). |
| (2) | To record interest expense on the credit facility assuming it had been in place from the beginning of the period presented. Pursuant to the facility, interest is calculated based upon the 3 month LIBOR rate, plus an applicable margin, as defined in the agreement. The 3 month LIBOR rate (2.69% per annum at June 9, 2008), plus an applicable margin of 1.5% for double hull (2.25% for single hull) is utilized in the calculation. |
| (3) | To eliminate interest income earned on funds held in trust. |
| (4) | To eliminate, effective January 1, 2008, interest expense on indebtedness to be repaid pursuant to the agreements, exclusive of loan fee amortization. |
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Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
| | |
SPV's to be acquired | | $ | 8,825,225 | |
Less interest on intercorporate SPV debt, See (6) below | | | (395,657 | ) |
| | | 8,429,568 | |
Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. | | | 19,066 | |
| | $ | 8,448,634 | |
| (5) | To eliminate historical general and administrative expenses and to provide for the forecasted expenses of the parent public company based upon contracts, engagement letters, actual invoices and/or currently updated fee estimates as follows: |
| | |
Management fees | | $ | 600,000 | |
Sarbanes-Oxley implementation, documentation and testing | | | 1,000,000 | |
Financial audit fees | | | 500,000 | |
Public company legal fees | | | 450,000 | |
Sarbanes-Oxley audit fees | | | 400,000 | |
Directors fees and expenses | | | 460,000 | |
Directors and officers liability insurance | | | 150,000 | |
Other public company related fees | | | 120,000 | |
Accounting advisory | | | 100,000 | |
Public and investor relations | | | 100,000 | |
Prospectus liability insurance | | | 50,000 | |
Travel and other | | | 170,000 | |
Total estmated general and administrative expenses per annum | | $ | 4,100,000 | |
Total estmated general and administrative expenses per quarter | | $ | 1,025,000 | |
Under the management agreement, substantially all aspects of Energy Merger's operations, including the commercial management of the vessels in Energy Merger's fleet and the procurement and supervision of technical services, will be performed by the Manager and its affiliated companies, as an independent contractor, under the supervision of Energy Merger's board of directors. Energy Merger's Chief Executive Officer and its President and Chief Financial Officer will be made available to Energy Merger by the Manager to manage Energy Merger's day-to-day operations and all aspects of its financial control. In exchange for the services provided to Energy Merger under the management agreement, Energy Merger will pay the Manager a monthly administrative services fee of $25,000 per month through June 30, 2009, $50,000 per month for the twelve months ending June 30, 2010, and $75,000 per month for the twelve months ending June 30, 2011 [($25,000 × 12 mo + $50,000 × 12 mo + $75,000 × 12 mo) / 3 yrs = $600,000 per annum]. In addition, Energy Merger will pay the Manager a management services feeof $3,500 per day per vessel acquired by Energy Merger following the Business Combination and commissions on charters obtained and sale and purchase transactions consummated following the Business Combination. Because the management services fees and commissions will not apply to the vessels to be acquired in the Business Combination, or to the charter agreements under which such vessels currently operate, only the administrative services fee has been included herein. For additional information, see “INFORMATION CONCERING ENERGY MERGER — Energy Merger's Manager and Management Agreement” elsewhere in the merger proxy.
| (6) | To eliminate intercorporate SPV interest income and expense on intercorporate SPV loan. |
| (8) | To eliminate, effective January 1, 2008, the expense of terminated share-based compensation arrangements of Energy Infrastructure. |
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(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
| (9) | To adjust depreciation expense and revenue of three SPV's to reflect the acquisition of the remaining 50% joint venture interest, concurrently with the Business Combination as follows: |
| | | | | | | | |
| | Shinyo Jubilee | | Shinyo Mariner | | Shinyo Sawako | | Total |
Incremental depreciation expense:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Incremental cost of vessel (see pro forma condensed combined balance sheet adjustment (25)) | | $ | 4,739,704 | | | $ | 1,991,859 | | | $ | 5,903,057 | | | $ | 12,634,620 | |
Remaining useful life (in months) | | | 59 | | | | 93 | | | | 93 | | | | | |
Incremental depreciation (3 months) | | $ | 241,002 | | | $ | 64,254 | | | $ | 190,421 | | | $ | 495,677 | |
Incremental amortization of intangible assts (deferred revenue):
| |
Incremental intangible assets (deferred revenue) (see pro forma condensed combined balance sheet adjustment (25)) | | $ | - | | | $ | (1,148,413) | | | $ | 1,838,087 | | | $ | 689,674 | |
Amortization period (in months) | | | - | | | | 27 | | | | 45 | | | | | |
Incremental amortization (3 months) | | $ | - | | | $ | (127,601 | ) | | $ | 122,539 | | | $ | (5,062 | ) |
Pro Forma Notes:
| (A) | The column entitled “Aggregate SPV's To Be Acquired” represents the sum of the historical financial statements of each respective SPV, and does not purport to represent the the financial position of the SPV's presented on a combined or consolidated basis under U.S. GAAP. |
| (B) | The cash dividends paid per common share is the amount required under the share purchase agreement, however, such dividend may not be able to be paid if sufficient cash is not available or if the lenders under the credit facility place restrictions on the payment of dividends. The Energy Infrastructure insiders have agreed to waive dividends declared with respect to common shares held by them. |
| (C) | Although the purchase of 5,000,000 units by Vanship and the issuance of 1,000,000 units to Sagredos are directly attributable to the Business Combination, such transactions are not expected to have a continuing impact on the post-transaction financial statements, and therefore have not been included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations presented herein, other than in the calculation of weighted average number of common shares outstanding. |
| (D) | Pro forma entries are recorded to the extent they are a direct result of the Business Combination and are expected to have continuing future impact. |
| (E) | No consideration has been given to the earn-out shares potentially issuable in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations presented herein. |
| (F) | The pro forma condensed combined financial statements do not give effect to any issuance of convertible preferred stock or other convertible securities that may ultimately be issued as part of the Business Combination, as no determination has been made to date with respect to the specific provisions of such securities. |
| (G) | As the transaction is being accounted for as a reverse merger, the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share assumes that the shares issued inconjunction with the Business Combination have been outstanding for the entire period. If the maximum |
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(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
| | numbers of shares are redeemed, this calculation is retroactively adjusted to eliminate such shares for the entire period. Basic and diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding is calculated as follows: |
| | | | | | |
| | Pro formaBalance Sheet Adjustment No. | | Shares With No Stock Redemption | | Shares With Maximum Stock Redemption |
Actual number of common shares outstanding | | | | | | | 27,221,747 | | | | 27,221,747 | |
Pro forma shares to be issued:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shares issued from conversion of Segredos convertible loan | | | (6 | ) | | | 268,500 | | | | 268,500 | |
Shares in units purchased by Vanship | | | (7 | ) | | | 5,000,000 | | | | 5,000,000 | |
Shares in units issued to Sagredos | | | (11 | ) | | | 1,000,000 | | | | 1,000,000 | |
Shares issued to Vanship in reverse merger transaction | | | (13 | ) | | | 13,500,000 | | | | 13,500,000 | |
Shares redeemed by public shareholders | | | (18 | ) | | | - | | | | (6,525,118 | ) |
Shares surrendered and cancelled | | | (20 | ) | | | - | | | | (270,000 | ) |
Pro forma weighted average number of common shares outstanding — Basic | | | | | | | 46,990,247 | | | | 40,195,129 | |
Common stock equivalents:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shares issuable from actual “in the money” warrants outstanding:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
From Private Placement warrants | | | | | | | 825,398 | | | | 825,398 | |
From Public Offering warrants | | | | | | | 20,925,000 | | | | 20,925,000 | |
Shares issuable from pro forma “in the money” warrants:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
From conversion of Segredos convertible loan warrants | | | (6 | ) | | | 268,500 | | | | 268,500 | |
From warrants in units purchased by Vanship | | | (7 | ) | | | 5,000,000 | | | | 5,000,000 | |
From warrants in units issued to Sagredos | | | (11 | ) | | | 1,000,000 | | | | 1,000,000 | |
Total shares issuable | | | | | | | 28,018,898 | | | | 28,018,898 | |
Less number of shares available “on the market” pursuant to the treasury stock method | | | | | | | (22,127,461) | | | | (22,127,461 | ) |
Number of “new” shares to be issued pursuant to the treasury stock method | | | | | | | 5,891,437 | | | | 5,891,437 | |
Pro forma weighted average number of common shares outstanding — Diluted | | | | | | | 52,881,684 | | | | 46,086,566 | |
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(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2007
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Aggregate SPV's to Be Acquired (Note A) | | Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. | | Pro Forma Adjustments and Eliminations | | Pro Forma Combined Companies (With No Stock Redemption) | | Additional Pro Forma Adjustments for Redemption of 6,525,118 Shares of Common Stock | | Pro Forma Combined Companies (With Maximum Stock Redemption) |
| | Debit | | Credit | | Debit | | Credit |
Operating revenue
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenue | | $ | 125,333,278 | | | $ | — | | | | | | | | 21,548 | (9) | | $ | 125,354,826 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 125,354,826 | |
Operating expenses
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Vessel operating expenses | | | 22,572,283 | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | 22,572,283 | | | | | | | | | | | | 22,572,283 | |
Voyage expenses | | | 7,047,758 | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | 7,047,758 | | | | | | | | | | | | 7,047,758 | |
Depreciation expenses | | | 36,465,691 | | | | — | | | | 1,667,843 | (9) | | | | | | | 38,133,534 | | | | | | | | | | | | 38,133,534 | |
Write—off of drydocking costs | | | 281,670 | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | 281,670 | | | | | | | | | | | | 281,670 | |
Management fee | | | 1,042,865 | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,042,865 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,042,865 | |
Commission | | | 2,908,530 | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | 2,908,530 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2,908,530 | |
Share—based compensation | | | — | | | | 11,639,300 | | | | | | | | 11,639,300 | (8) | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 681,684 | | | | 1,332,406 | | | | 4,100,000 | (5) | | | 2,014,090 | (5) | | | 4,100,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | 4,100,000 | |
Termination charges | | | 20,783,562 | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | 20,783,562 | | | | | | | | | | | | 20,783,562 | |
Total operating expenses | | | 91,784,043 | | | | 12,971,706 | | | | | | | | | | | | 96,870,202 | | | | | | | | | | | | 96,870,202 | |
Operating income (loss) | | | 33,549,235 | | | | (12,971,706 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | 28,484,624 | | | | | | | | | | | | 28,484,624 | |
Other income (expense)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 6,150,971 | | | | 6,369,468 | | | | 6,369,468 | (3) | | | | | | | 4,584,438 | | | | | | | | | | | | 4,584,438 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 1,566,533 | (6) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | (35,402,900 | ) | | | (101,762 | ) | | | 532,778 | (1) | | | 33,938,129 | (4) | | | (17,896,476 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (17,896,476 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | 17,363,698 | (2) | | | 1,566,533 | (6) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Write—off of deferred loan costs | | | (673,112 | ) | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | (673,112 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (673,112 | ) |
Changes in fair value of derivatives | | | (2,230,788 | ) | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | (2,230,788 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (2,230,788 | ) |
Other, net | | | (48,304 | ) | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | (48,304 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (48,304 | ) |
Total other income (expense) | | | (32,204,133 | ) | | | 6,267,706 | | | | | | | | | | | | (16,264,242 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (16,264,242 | ) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 1,345,102 | | | $ | (6,704,000 | ) | | | | | | | | | | $ | 12,220,382 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 12,220,382 | |
Net income per common share —
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 0.26 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 0.30 | |
Diluted | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 0.23 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 0.27 | |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding (Notes C and G) —
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 46,990,247 | | | | | | | | | | | | 40,195,129 | |
Diluted | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 52,881,684 | | | | | | | | | | | | 46,086,566 | |
Cash dividends paid per common share (Note B) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 1.16 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 1.16 | |
Pro Forma Adjustments and Eliminations:
| (1) | To record amortization of deferred loan origination costs based on provisions of the loan agreements ($4,650,000 / 108 mo X 12 mo + $10,000 / 12 mo X 12 mo + $55,000 / 108 X 12 mo). |
| (2) | To record interest expense on the credit facility assuming it had been in place from the beginning of the period presented. Pursuant to the facility, interest is calculated based upon the 3 month LIBOR rate, plus an applicable margin, as defined in the agreement. The 3 month LIBOR rate (2.69% per annum at June 9, 2008), plus an applicable margin of 1.5% for double hull (2.25% for single hull) is utilized in the calculation. |
| (3) | To eliminate interest income earned on funds held in trust. |
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(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2007
| (4) | To eliminate, effective January 1, 2007, interest expense on indebtedness to be repaid pursuant to the agreements, exclusive of loan fee amortization. |
| | |
SPV's to be acquired | | $ | 35,402,900 | |
Less interest on intercorporate SPV debt, See (6) below | | | (1,566,533 | ) |
| | | 33,836,367 | |
Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. | | | 101,762 | |
| | $ | 33,938,129 | |
| (5) | To eliminate historical general and administrative expenses and to provide for the forecasted expenses of the parent public company based upon contracts, engagement letters, actual invoices and/or currently updated fee estimates as follows: |
| | |
Management fees | | $ | 600,000 | |
Sarbanes-Oxley implementation, documentation and testing | | | 1,000,000 | |
Financial audit fees | | | 500,000 | |
Public company legal fees | | | 450,000 | |
Sarbanes-Oxley audit fees | | | 400,000 | |
Directors fees and expenses | | | 460,000 | |
Directors and officers liability insurance | | | 150,000 | |
Other public company related fees | | | 120,000 | |
Accounting advisory | | | 100,000 | |
Public and investor relations | | | 100,000 | |
Prospectus liability insurance | | | 50,000 | |
Travel and other | | | 170,000 | |
Total estmated general and administrative expenses per annum | | $ | 4,100,000 | |
Under the management agreement, substantially all aspects of Energy Merger's operations, including the commercial management of the vessels in Energy Merger's fleet and the procurement and supervision of technical services, will be performed by the Manager and its affiliated companies, as an independent contractor, under the supervision of Energy Merger's board of directors. Energy Merger's Chief Executive Officer and its President and Chief Financial Officer will be made available to Energy Merger by the Manager to manage Energy Merger's day-to-day operations and all aspects of its financial control. In exchange for the services provided to Energy Merger under the management agreement, Energy Merger will pay the Manager a monthly administrative services fee of $25,000 per month through June 30, 2009, $50,000 per month for the twelve months ending June 30, 2010, and $75,000 per month for the twelve months ending June 30, 2011 [($25,000 X 12 mo + $50,000 X 12 mo + $75,000 X 12 mo) / 3 yrs = $600,000 per annum]. In addition, Energy Merger will pay the Manager a management services feeof $3,500 per day per vessel acquired by Energy Merger following the Business Combination and commissions on charters obtained and sale and purchase transactions consummated following the Business Combination. Because the management services fees and commissions will not apply to the vessels to be acquired in the Business Combination, or to the charter agreements under which such vessels currently operate, only the administrative services fee has been included herein. For additional information, see `INFORMATION CONCERING ENERGY MERGER - Energy Merger's Manager and Management Agreement` elsewhere in the merger proxy.
| (6) | To eliminate intercorporate SPV interest income and expense on intercorporate SPV loan. |
| (8) | To eliminate, effective January 1, 2007, the expense of terminated share-based compensation arrangements of Energy Infrastructure. |
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Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. and SPV's To Be Acquired
(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2007
| (9) | To adjust depreciation expense and revenue of three SPV's to reflect the acquisition of the remaining 50% joint venture interest, concurrently with the Business Combination as follows: |
| | | | | | | | |
| | Shinyo Jubilee | | Shinyo Mariner | | Shinyo Sawako | | Total |
Incremental depreciation expense:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Incremental cost of vessel | | $ | 4,305,839 | | | $ | 1,404,886 | | | $ | 5,270,753 | | | $ | 10,981,478 | |
Remaining useful life (in months) | | | 62 | | | | 96 | | | | 96 | |
Incremental annual depreciation | | $ | 833,388 | | | $ | 175,611 | | | $ | 658,844 | | | $ | 1,667,843 | |
Incremental amortization of intangible assts (deferred revenue):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Incremental intangible asset (deferred revenue) | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,251,787 | ) | | $ | 1,916,667 | | | $ | 664,880 | |
Amortization period (in months) | | | — | | | | 30 | | | | 48 | | | | | |
Incremental annual amortization | | $ | — | | | $ | (500,715 | ) | | $ | 479,167 | | | $ | (21,548 | ) |
Pro Forma Notes:
| (A) | The column entitled `Aggregate SPV's To Be Acquired` represents the sum of the historical financial statements of each respective SPV, and does not purport to represent the the financial position of the SPV's presented on a combined or consolidated basis under U.S. GAAP. |
| (B) | The cash dividends paid per common share is the amount required under the share purchase agreement, however, such dividend may not be able to be paid if sufficient cash is not available or if the lenders under the credit facility place restrictions on the payment of dividends. The Energy Infrastructure insiders have agreed to waive dividends declared with respect to common shares held by them. |
| (C) | Although the purchase of 5,000,000 units by Vanship and the issuance of 1,000,000 units to Sagredos are directly attributable to the Business Combination, such transactions are not expected to have a continuing impact on the post-transaction financial statements, and therefore have not been included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations presented herein, other than in the calculation of weighted average number of common shares outstanding. |
| (D) | Pro forma entries are recorded to the extent they are a direct result of the Business Combination and are expected to have continuing future impact. |
| (E) | No consideration has been given to the earn-out shares potentially issuable in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations presented herein. |
| (F) | The pro forma condensed combined financial statements do not give effect to any issuance of convertible preferred stock or other convertible securities that may ultimately be issued as part of the Business Combination, as no determination has been made to date with respect to the specific provisions of such securities. |
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Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. and SPV's To Be Acquired
(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2007
| (G) | As the transaction is being accounted for as a reverse merger, the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share assumes that the shares issued in conjunction with the Business Combination have been outstanding for the entire period. If the maximum numbers of shares are redeemed, this calculation is retroactively adjusted to eliminate such shares for the entire period. Basic and diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding is calculated as follows: |
| | | | | | |
| | Pro forma Balance Sheet Adjustment No. | | Shares With No Stock Redemption | | Shares With Maximum Stock Redemption |
Actual number of common shares outstanding | | | | | | | 27,221,747 | | | | 27,221,747 | |
Pro forma shares to be issued:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shares issued from conversion of Segredos convertible loan | | | (6 | ) | | | 268,500 | | | | 268,500 | |
Shares in units purchased by Vanship | | | (7 | ) | | | 5,000,000 | | | | 5,000,000 | |
Shares in units issued to Sagredos | | | (11 | ) | | | 1,000,000 | | | | 1,000,000 | |
Shares issued to Vanship in reverse merger transaction | | | (13 | ) | | | 13,500,000 | | | | 13,500,000 | |
Shares redeemed by public shareholders | | | (18 | ) | | | — | | | | (6,525,118 | ) |
Shares surrendered and cancelled | | | (20 | ) | | | — | | | | (270,000 | ) |
Pro forma weighted average number of common shares outstanding - Basic | | | | | | | 46,990,247 | | | | 40,195,129 | |
Common stock equivalents:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shares issuable from actual “in the money” warrants outstanding:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
From Private Placement warrants | | | | | | | 825,398 | | | | 825,398 | |
From Public Offering warrants | | | | | | | 20,925,000 | | | | 20,925,000 | |
Shares issuable from pro forma “in the money”“ warrants:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
From conversion of Segredos convertible loan warrants | | | (6 | ) | | | 268,500 | | | | 268,500 | |
From warrants in units purchased by Vanship | | | (7 | ) | | | 5,000,000 | | | | 5,000,000 | |
From warrants in units issued to Sagredos | | | (11 | ) | | | 1,000,000 | | | | 1,000,000 | |
Total shares issuable | | | | | | | 28,018,898 | | | | 28,018,898 | |
Less number of shares available “on the market”“ pursuant to the treasury stock method | | | | | | | (22,127,461) | | | | (22,127,461 | ) |
Number of “new” shares to be issued pursuant to the treasury stock method | | | | | | | 5,891,437 | | | | 5,891,437 | |
Pro forma weighted average number of common shares outstanding - Diluted | | | | | | | 52,881,684 | | | | 46,086,566 | |
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Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. and SPVs to Be Acquired
(to Be Known as Van Asia Tankers Corporation)
Unaudited Pro Forma Sensitivity Analysis
The following table sets forth certain pro forma financial information assuming consumation of the Business Combination, as of March 31, 2008, at redemption levels of no redemption, 10% redemption, 20% redemption, and one share less than 30% redemption (the maximum redemption amount under which the Business Combination can be completed).
This unaudited pro forma sensitivity analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet located elsewhere in this document.
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | Pro Forma Combined Companies (With No Redemption) | | Pro Forma Combined Companies (With 10% Redemption) | | Pro Forma Combined Companies (With 20% Redemption) | | Pro Forma Combined Companies (With Maximum Redemption) |
Number of shares redeemed | | | — | | | | 2,175,040 | | | | 4,350,080 | | | | 6,525,118 | |
Assets
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current assets:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 12,391,280 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Other current assets | | $ | 9,731,338 | | | | 9,731,338 | | | | 9,731,338 | | | | 9,731,338 | |
Total current assets | | $ | 22,122,618 | | | $ | 9,731,338 | | | $ | 9,731,338 | | | $ | 9,731,338 | |
Noncurrent assets | | | 564,889,058 | | | | 564,889,058 | | | | 564,889,058 | | | | 564,889,058 | |
Total assets | | $ | 587,011,676 | | | $ | 574,620,396 | | | $ | 574,620,397 | | | $ | 574,620,396 | |
Liabilities
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities | | $ | 55,894,517 | | | $ | 55,894,517 | | | $ | 55,894,517 | | | $ | 55,894,517 | |
Noncurrent liabilities | | | 374,400,000 | | | | 374,400,000 | | | | 374,400,000 | | | | 374,400,000 | |
Total liabilities | | | 430,294,517 | | | | 430,294,517 | | | | 430,294,517 | | | | 430,294,517 | |
Common stock subject to possible redemption | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Equity funding replacement offering | | | — | | | | 9,878,277 | | | | 32,147,834 | | | | 54,417,370 | |
Stockholders' equity | | | 156,717,159 | | | | 134,447,602 | | | | 112,178,045 | | | | 89,908,509 | |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | | $ | 587,011,676 | | | $ | 574,620,396 | | | $ | 574,620,397 | | | $ | 574,620,396 | |
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STATEMENT OF FORECASTED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND CASH AVAILABLE FOR
DIVIDENDS, RESERVES AND EXTRAORDINARY EXPENSES
All of the information set forth below is for illustrative purposes only. The underlying assumptions may prove to be incorrect. Actual results will almost certainly differ, and the variations may be material. The information set forth below has not been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles. Energy Merger may have materially lower revenues, set aside substantial reserves or incur a material amount of extraordinary expenses. You should not assume or conclude that we will pay any dividends in any period.
Energy Merger does not as a matter of course make public projections as to future sales, earnings, or other results. However, the management of Energy Merger has prepared the prospective financial information set forth below to present the forecasted cash available for dividends, reserves, and extraordinary expenses during Energy Merger’s first full operating year. These financial forecasts have been prepared by the management of Energy Infrastructure and Energy Infrastructure has not received an opinion or any other form of assurance on it from any independent registered public accounting firm and the forecast has not been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The assumptions underlying the forecast are inherently uncertain and are subject to significant business, economic, regulatory and competitive risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those forecasted. If Energy Merger does not achieve the forecasted results, Energy Merger may not be able to operate profitably, successfully implement its business strategy to expand its fleet or pay dividends to its stockholders in which event the market price of Energy Merger’s common shares may decline materially. This information is not fact and should not be relied upon as being necessarily indicative of future results, and readers of this joint proxy statement/ prospectus are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the prospective financial information.
You should not rely upon this prospective financial information as necessarily indicative of Energy Merger’s future results and we caution you not to place undue reliance on this forecasted financial information. Neither Energy Merger’s independent registered public accounting firm, nor any other independent accountants, have compiled, examined, or performed any procedures with respect to the prospective financial information contained herein, nor have they expressed any opinion or any other form of assurance on such information or its achievability, and assume no responsibility for, and disclaim any association with, the prospective financial information.
Under the Share Purchase Agreement and subject to its ability to do so under applicable law, Energy Merger has agreed to pay dividends of $1.54 per share to Energy Merger’s public stockholders by the end of the first year following the consummation of the Business Combination. Vanship has agreed, and it is a condition to the closing of the Business Combination that Energy Merger insiders shall have agreed, to waive any right to receive dividend payments in the one-year period immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination in order to facilitate the payment of these dividends. These dividend waivers will be made by stockholders holding approximately 55% of Energy Merger’s common stock (on an undiluted basis) in the first year following the Business Combination and accordingly, annual dividends of $1.54 per share should not be considered indicative of any dividend payments subsequent to the first anniversary of the Business Combination. Energy Merger intends to source the aforesaid dividend payments from Energy Merger’s revenues from vessel operations. Energy Merger has prepared the forecasted financial information to present the cash that it expects to have available by the end of the first year following the consummation of the Business Combination, which is referred to herein as Energy Merger’s first full operating year, for:
| • | expenses and reserves for vessel upgrades, repairs and drydocking; |
| • | expenses and reserves for further vessel acquisitions; |
| • | principal payments on the new credit facility; |
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| • | reserves required by lenders under Energy Merger’s loan agreements; and |
| • | reserves as Energy Merger’s board of directors may from time to time determine are required for contingent and other liabilities and general corporate purposes. |
Energy Merger calls these items “dividends, reserves and extraordinary expenses.”
The actual results achieved during Energy Merger’s first full operating year will vary from those set forth in the forecasted financial information, and those variations may be material. In addition, investors should not assume that the forecasted available cash for Energy Merger’s first full operating year may be extrapolated to any other period. As disclosed under “Risk Factors,” Energy Merger’s business and operations are subject to substantial risks which increase the uncertainty inherent in the forecasted financial information. Many of the factors disclosed under “Risk Factors” could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forecasted financial information. The forecasted financial information assumes the successful implementation of Energy Merger’s business strategy. No assurance can be given that Energy Merger’s business strategy will be effective or that the benefits of Energy Merger’s business strategy will be realized during its first full operating year, if ever.
The forecasted financial information should be read together with the information contained in “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations of the SPVs” and Energy Merger’s financial statements contained herein.
The following table contains information based on assumptions regarding the fleet and the charter rates earned by the vessels during the first full year of Energy Merger’s operations. As of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, all of the vessels in the fleet other than the Shinyo Jubilee are committed under time charter agreements with international companies. Pursuant to these agreements, the SPVs provide a vessel to these companies, or charterers, at a fixed, per-day charter hire rate for a specified term. Under the agreements, the vessel owner is responsible for paying operating costs. The charterers, in addition to the daily charter hire, are generally responsible for the cost of all fuels with respect to the vessels (with certain exceptions, including during off-hire periods), port charges, costs related to towage, pilotage, mooring expenses at loading and discharging facilities and certain operating expenses. The charterers are not obligated to pay the applicable vessel owner charterhire for off-hire days, which include days a vessel is out-of-service due to, among other things, repairs or drydockings. Under the time charter agreements, the vessel owner is generally required, among other things, to keep the related vessels seaworthy, to crew and maintain the vessels and to comply with applicable regulations. The vessel owners are also required to provide protection and indemnity, hull and machinery, war risk and oil pollution insurance coverage.
The vessel Shinyo Jubilee operates under a consecutive voyage charter agreement. Under the consecutive voyage charter agreement, the vessel owner is paid freight (per ton of crude oil) on the basis of moving crude oil from a loading port to a discharge port for multiple voyages through September 2009. The freight rate is based on a fixed Worldscale rate. The vessel owner is responsible for paying both operating costs and voyage costs and the charterer is generally responsible for any delay at the loading or discharging ports. Under the consecutive voyage charter agreement, the vessel owner is generally required, among other things, to keep the related vessel seaworthy, to crew and maintain the vessel and to comply with applicable regulations. The vessel owner is also required to provide protection and indemnity, hull and machinery, war risk and oil pollution insurance cover.
The charter rates provided in the following table are based on these charters. However there can be no assurance that each of Energy Merger’s charterers will fully perform under the respective charters or that Energy Merger will actually receive the amounts anticipated. As a result, there can be no assurance that the vessels in the fleet will earn daily charter rates during Energy Merger’s first full year of operations that are equal to those provided in the table below.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Vessel Name | | Net Daily Charter Base Rate(1) | | Net Daily Profit Share(2) | | Total Daily Net Charter Revenue | | Total Number of On-hire Days(3) | | Net Annual Charter Revenue | | Net Annual Profit Share Revenue | | Total Annual Net Revenue |
Shinyo Alliance | | $ | 29,700 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 29,700 | | | | 360 | | | $ | 10,692,000 | | | | | | | $ | 10,692,000 | |
C. Dream Current Charter concludes March 2009 | | | 28,322 | | | | — | | | | 28,322 | | | | 267 | | | | 7,570,000 | | | | | | | | 7,570,000 | |
Charter commencing March 2009(4) | | | 29,250 | | | | 12,480 | (5) | | | 41,730 | | | | 90 | | | | 2,624,000 | | | $ | 1,119,000 | | | | 3,743,000 | |
Shinyo Kannika | | | 38,025 | | | | 7,556 | (6) | | | 45,581 | | | | 357 | | | | 13,575,000 | | | | 2,697,000 | | | | 16,272,000 | |
Shinyo Ocean | | | 38,400 | | | | 8,000 | (7) | | | 46,400 | | | | 357 | | | | 13,709,000 | | | | 2,856,000 | | | | 16,565,000 | |
Shinyo Jubilee | | | 35,000 | (8) | | | — | | | | 35,000 | | | | 360 | | | | 12,600,000 | | | | | | | | 12,600,000 | |
Shinyo Splendor | | | 38,019 | | | | — | | | | 38,019 | | | | 335 | | | | 12,736,000 | | | | | | | | 12,736,000 | |
Shinyo Mariner | | | 31,980 | | | | — | | | | 31,980 | | | | 360 | | | | 11,513,000 | | | | | | | | 11,513,000 | |
Shinyo Navigator | | | 42,705 | | | | — | | | | 42,705 | | | | 357 | | | | 15,246,000 | | | | | | | | 15,246,000 | |
Shinyo Sawako | | | 38,111 | | | | — | | | | 38,111 | | | | 360 | | | | 13,720,000 | | | | | | | | 13,720,000 | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 120,658,000 | |
| (1) | Net Daily Charter Base Rates are net of broker commission fees. Broker commissions are fees payable under a charter agreement to the parties that brokered the transaction between a vessel owner and a charterer. |
| (2) | Net Daily Profit Share is net of commission fees and assumes a daily average spot rate of $59,500, such figure being derived from the average Ras Tanura Chiba VLCC Average Weekly Earnings for Modern Tankers over the period beginning January 4, 2002 and ending December 14, 2007 as tracked and reported by Clarksons Research Services Limited. |
| (3) | Total Number of On-hire Days is based on 360 operating days per calendar year of expected operations, less three days of off-hire for intermediate surveys for C. Dream, Shinyo Kannika, Shinyo Navigator and Shinyo Ocean and 25 days of off-hire for a special survey for Shinyo Splendor. The average number of projected on-hire days per vessel in Energy Merger’s first full operating year is 356, as compared with a historical average of 348 per vessel from the later of January 1, 2004 and the date of delivery of each vessel to December 31, 2007. Nevertheless, management believes that 356 projected days of on-hire per vessel is a reasonable projection on the basis that the vessels Shinyo Alliance and Shinyo Mariner underwent substantially prolonged drydockings in 2006, and management does not anticipate similarly prolonged drydockings for any of the vessels in Energy Merger’s first full operating year. The projections relating to the number of on-hire days of each of the vessels are inherently uncertain and can be affected by, among other things, the time a vessel spends in drydocking for repairs, maintenance or inspection, equipment breakdowns or delays due to accidents, crewing strikes, certain vessel detentions or similar problems as well as our failure to maintain the vessel in compliance with its specifications and contractual standards or to provide the required crew. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Energy Merger — Energy Merger may face unexpected maintenance costs, which could adversely affect its cash flow and financial condition.” |
| (4) | Second time charter has been entered into and starts after expiry of first charter. |
| (5) | Subject to profit sharing provision in which actual annual net average daily time charter earnings between $30,001 and $40,000 are split equally between the SPV and charterer, and actual annual net average daily time charter earnings in excess of $40,000 are split 40% to SPV and 60% to charterer. |
| (6) | Subject to profit sharing provision in which income (referenced to the BITR) in excess of $44,000 per day is split equally between SPV and charterer. |
| (7) | Subject to profit sharing provision in which income (referenced to BITR3) in excess of $43,500 per day is split equally between the SPV and charterer. |
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| (8) | Estimated Time Charter Equivalent, or TCE. Time charter equivalent is a measure of the average daily revenue performance of a vessel on a per voyage basis. Vanship’s method of calculating TCE is consistent with industry standards and is determined by dividing net voyage revenue by voyage days for the relevant time period. Net voyage revenues are voyage revenues minus voyage expenses. Voyage expenses primarily consist of port, canal and fuel costs that are unique to a particular voyage, which would otherwise be paid by the charterer under a time charter contract. The vessel Shinyo Jubilee earned an average TCE of approximately $26,000 per day in June 2008, as compared to an average of $32,500 in the full first half of 2008. The estimated TCE of $35,000 per day in Energy Merger's first full operating year is based on the assumption that the Worldscale flat rate on which the charter hire that the vessel earns is based will be increased on January 1, 2009 from its current rate of 16.36 to a rate of approximately 23.07 to factor in the recent increase in the market price of bunker fuel. Worldscale flat rates are adjusted annually to reflect the increase in voyage costs such as bunker fuel, port charges and agency fees. We anticipate that of the items that are considered in determining such adjustment, the market price of bunker fuel will demand the most substantial increase to reflect actual increases in prices. We have based our estimate of the adjusted Worldscale flat rates on the percentage increase reflected by the current market price for bunker fuel as compared with the market price at the end of 2007. However, a substantial and sustained decrease in the market price of bunker fuel in the second half of 2008 would prevent an adjustment of Worldscale flat rates to fully reflect the price increases in the first half of 2008. |
We expect that Energy Merger’s expenses during the first full operating year will consist of:
| • | Interest expense on Energy Merger’s credit facility of $17,972,958. Energy Merger has assumed that: |
| • | Energy Merger will draw-down $325,000,000 under Loan A and $90,000,000 under Loan B of its term loan facility at the closing of the Business Combination and will make quarterly principal payments on Loan A in the amount of $4,650,000 and quarterly principal payments on Loan B in the amount of $5,500,000; |
| • | LIBOR will remain constant at 2.78% during Energy Merger’s first full operating year; |
| • | The margin on Loan A will be 1.50% and the margin on Loan B will be 2.25% throughout Energy Merger’s first full operating year; |
Based on these assumptions, Energy Merger will have gross interest expense of $13,801,900 on Loan A and $4,171,058 on Loan B in its first full operating year, calculated as follows:
Loan A
| | | | | | |
| | Principal Amount Outstanding | | Libor Plus Applicable Margin | | Quarterly Interest Expense |
First Operating Quarter | | $ | 325,000,000 | | | | 4.28 | % | | $ | 3,554,778 | |
Second Operating Quarter | | | 320,350,000 | | | | 4.28 | % | | | 3,503,917 | |
Third Operating Quarter | | | 315,700,000 | | | | 4.28 | % | | | 3,377,990 | |
Fourth Operating Quarter | | | 311,050,000 | | | | 4.28 | % | | | 3,365,215 | |
Total: | | | | | | | | | | | $13,801,900 | |
Loan B
| | | | | | |
| | Principal Amount Outstanding | | Libor plus Applicable Margin | | Quarterly Interest Expense |
First Operating Quarter | | $ | 90,000,000 | | | | 5.03 | % | | $ | 1,156,900 | |
Second Operating Quarter | | | 84,500,000 | | | | 5.03 | % | | | 1,086,201 | |
Third Operating Quarter | | | 79,000,000 | | | | 5.03 | % | | | 993,425 | |
Fourth Operating Quarter | | | 73,500,000 | | | | 5.03 | % | | | 934,532 | |
Total: | | | | | | | | | | | $4,171,058 | |
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We have assumed, based on estimates prepared by management of Energy Merger, that Energy Merger will receive approximately $2,443,000 interest income on its cash balances in its first full operating year, resulting in net interest expense of $15,529,958.
| • | General and administrative expenses including directors’ fees, office rent, travel, communications, insurance, legal, auditing and investor relations, professional expenses, which Energy Merger expects will equal $3,800,000. |
Energy Merger does not expect to incur ordinary cash expenses other than those listed above, which Energy Merger calls its ordinary cash expenses. Energy Merger may, however, have unanticipated extraordinary cash expenses, which could include major vessel repairs and drydocking costs that are not covered by its management agreements, vessel upgrades or modifications that are required by new laws or regulations, other capital improvements, costs of claims and related litigation expenses or contingent liabilities.
Energy Merger will generate all its revenue in U.S. dollars but its Manager will incur certain vessel operating and general and administrative expenses in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. This difference could lead to fluctuations in net income due to changes in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies. Expenses incurred in foreign currencies against which the U.S. dollar falls in value can increase, which would result in a decrease in Energy Merger’s net income.
The table below sets forth the amount of cash that would be available during the first full year of operations to Energy Merger for dividends, reserves and extraordinary expenses in the aggregate based on the assumptions listed below. This amount is an estimate, as revenues and expenses may change in the future.
Energy Merger’s assumptions for the first full operating year include the following:
| • | Energy Infrastructure stockholders approve and authorize the Redomiciliation Merger and no stockholders exercise redemption rights. |
| • | The aggregate purchase price of the vessels in the fleet is $778,000,000. |
| • | Energy Merger will borrow $415,000,000 under its credit facility (refinance the existing debt of the SPVs). |
| • | The issuance of 1,000,000 units to Energy Infrastructure’s President and Chief-Operating Officer (or any assignee thereof) in exchange for the cancellation of options to purchase an aggregate 2,688,750 shares of common stock, the issuance of 5,000,000 units to Vanship in connection with the Business Combination Private Placement and the issuance of 268,500 units upon the conversion of convertible loans aggregating $2,685,000. |
| • | Estimated average vessel operating expenses for the fleet of $6,548 per vessel per calendar day which includes management fees for all of the vessels payable to Energy Merger Management’s technical manager. Univan, as the technical manager of the vessels has budgeted daily operating expense for each of the vessels in the initial fleet for fiscal year 2008. The estimated per vessel operating expense of $6,548 per day is an average of the budgeted operating expense of the vessels in the fleet, based on the fiscal year 2008 budgets and assuming a 5% increase in expenses in fiscal year 2009. |
| • | Energy Merger will calculate depreciation on the vessels on the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of each vessel, after taking into account its estimated residual value, from date of acquisition. Each vessel’s useful life is estimated as 25 years from the date originally delivered from the shipyard, or a useful life extending no later than the year 2015 with respect to single-hull vessels. Amortization comprises costs associated with drydocking of Energy Merger’s vessels. Energy Merger will capitalize the costs associated with drydockings as they occur and amortizes these costs on a straight line basis. |
| • | Scheduled in-water intermediate surveys for the C. Dream, Shinyo Kannika, Shinyo Navigator, Shinyo Ocean and dry docking and special survey for the Shinyo Splendor will cost $2,851,000 in aggregate based on estimates provided by the vessels’ technical manager, Univan. Univan has estimated that intermediate surveys for C. Dream, Shinyo Kannika, Shinyo Navigator and Shinyo Ocean |
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| | will cost $247,000, $278,000, $247,000 and $221,000, respectively, and that the special survey for Shinyo Splendor will cost $1,858,000. These estimates are based on historical costs that Univan has incurred in ship yards for similar types of maintenance. Estimated maintenance expenses are inherently uncertain and an estimated expense of $2,851,000 is based on the assumption that none of the vessels in Energy Merger’s fleet will require any unscheduled or unanticipated maintenance. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Energy Merger — Energy Merger may face unexpected maintenance costs, which could adversely affect its cash flow and financial condition.” |
| • | Energy Merger’s first full operating year consists of 365 days and each of the vessels in the fleet will be owned by Energy Merger for 365 days. |
| • | Each of the vessels in the fleet upon delivery to Energy Merger will earn charter revenue and additional hire pursuant to applicable profit share provisions described in the table above, for the number of days set forth in the table above and Energy Merger’s charterers will timely pay charter hire when due. |
| • | Energy Merger will not receive any insurance proceeds or other income. |
| • | Energy Merger will not purchase or sell any vessels and none of the vessels will suffer a total loss or constructive total loss or suffer any reduced hire or unscheduled off-hire time. |
| • | Energy Merger will have no other cash expenses or liabilities other than its estimated ordinary cash expenses. |
| • | Energy Merger will qualify for the exemption available under Section 883 under the Code and will therefore not pay any U.S. federal income taxes. |
| • | Energy Merger will not incur any additional indebtedness. |
Other than management fees, interest expenses on Energy Merger’s credit facility and directors’ fees, which will be fixed for Energy Merger’s first full operating year, none of Energy Merger’s fees or expenses are fixed.
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STATEMENT OF FORECASTED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND CASH AVAILABLE
FOR DIVIDENDS, RESERVES AND EXTRAORDINARY EXPENSES DURING
ENERGY MERGER’S FIRST FULL OPERATING YEAR
(Unaudited)
| | |
| | First Full Operating Year |
| | (In Thousands of U.S. Dollars) |
Net Revenue | | $ | 120,658 | |
Less: Operating expenses | | | (21,507 | ) |
Less: General and administrative expenses(1) | | | (4,120 | ) |
Less: Depreciation & Amortization | | | (37,313 | ) |
Less: Net interest expense | | | (15,530 | ) |
Net Income | | $ | 42,188 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to Estimated EBITDA:
| | | | |
Add:
| | | | |
Depreciation & Amortization | | | 37,313 | |
Interest expense | | | 15,530 | |
ESTIMATED EBITDA(2) | | $ | 95,031 | |
Adjustments to reconcile estimated EBITDA to estimated cash available for distribution:
| | | | |
Less:
| | | | |
Cash interest expense | | | (15,530 | ) |
Maintenance capital expenses | | | (2,851 | ) |
Required debt Amortization | | | (40,600 | ) |
Plus:
| | | | |
Beginning unrestricted cash balance(3) | | | 14,591 | |
Accrual to reflect accounting for management fee on the straight-line basis | | $ | 300 | |
Forecasted Available Cash for Distribution | | | $50,941 | |
Dividends to publicly held common shares outstanding(4)(5) | | $ | 32,536 | |
Ending Unrestricted Cash Balance | | | $18,405 | |
Total Ending Cash Balance Including Restricted Cash(6) | | | $33,405 | |
| (1) | Energy Merger’s future management team has estimated that it will incur general and administrative expense for its first full operating year of $4.12 million. Of this $4.12 million, $600,000 is the administrative fee that Energy Merger expects to incur to its Manager in its first full year of operations (including an adjustment of $300,000 to reflect accounting for the management agreement on a straight-line basis) and $2.65 million is based on estimates from third party service providers in relation to fees and other expenses in connection with implementation of internal controls over financial reporting and compliance with Section 404 of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, accounting advisory and audit related fees, legal fees related to compliance with U.S. securities laws, and director and officer liability insurance premiums. The remaining $870,000 is based on management estimates and encompasses director fees, expenses in connection with meetings of the board of directors, expenses related to business travel for Energy Merger’s officers, fees related to public relations and investor relations as well as other miscellaneous expenses expected to be incurred by Energy Merger in its first full operating year. The $870,000 estimate for these fees is based on certain assumptions, including the assumptions that (i) Energy Merger will pay an annual retainer of $30,000 to six members of its board of directors and additional retainers to members of any committees of Energy Merger’s board of directors as well as to chairmen of any committees of Energy Merger’s board of directors, (ii) Energy Merger will hold four board meetings in Hong Kong and reimburse six of its directors for travel and accommodation in connection with such meetings, (iii) Energy Merger will incur approximately $100,000 business related travel |
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| | expense related to travel by its officers in connection with fulfillment of their duties to Energy Merger, and (iv) Energy Merger will hold an annual meeting in the United States in the first half of 2009. The estimate of $4.12 million general and administrative expense is based on the additional assumptions that Energy Merger will be able to obtain third party services at the rates estimated by third party service providers, that the scope of work to be provided by any third party service provider does not exceed that contemplated by such estimates, that the Manager will provide management services to Energy Merger pursuant to and upon the terms set forth in Energy Merger’s management agreement and that Energy Merger will incur no general or administrative expenses in excess of those estimated and budgeted by Energy Merger’s future management team. None of the budgeted expenses are based on existing contractual arrangements with third parties and actual fees paid to third parties may vary widely from estimates provided by third party service providers. In addition, none of the individuals who will serve on Energy Merger’s future management team have experience managing a publicly traded operating company and such individuals may not have anticipated all expenses involved in managing Energy Merger in its first full operating year. |
| (2) | EBITDA represents net income before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is not a recognized measure under U.S. GAAP, but is a measure that management believes is highly correlated to cash and useful for the purpose of reconciling expected cash earnings to cash available for distribution. Additionally, EBITDA will be used as a supplemental financing measure by management and by external users of our financial statements, such as investors. Due to the expectation that Energy Merger’s anticipated capitalization will include approximately 70% debt, management believes that EBITDA is useful to stockholders as a way to evaluate Energy Merger’s ability to service its debt, meet working capital requirements and undertake capital expenditures. |
EBITDA should not be considered an alternative to net income, operating income, cash flows from operating activities or any other measure of financial performance or liquidity presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. EBITDA excludes some, but not all, items that affect net income and operating income, and these measures may vary among other companies. Therefore, EBITDA as presented above may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.
| (3) | Does not include $15,000,000 that Energy Merger will be required to maintain as a cash reserve pursuant to the covenants under its credit facility. The beginning unrestricted cash balance of $14,591,000 assumes that (i) no Energy Infrastructure shareholders exercise their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination or, in the event of redemptions, that Energy Merger sells a number of shares of its common stock to the public pursuant to this joint proxy statement/prospectus equal to the number of shares that are redeemed, (ii) Energy Infrastructure has $220,000,000 cash available in the Trust Account to fund the acquisition of the SPVs, (iii) Vanship purchases $50,000,000 of units in the Business Combination Private Placement, (iv) Energy Merger draws down $415,000,000 under its term loan facility, (v) Vanship is obligated to compensate Energy Merger $3,181,000 pursuant to the closing adjustments contemplated by the Share Purchase Agreement (based on financial statement as of March 31, 2008), and (vi) Energy Infrastructure incurs $15,590,000 in transaction related expenses in connection with the Business Combination. Based on these assumptions, the beginning unrestricted cash balance is calculated as follows: |
| | |
| | In Thousands of US$ |
Cash held in Trust Account | | $ | 220,000 | |
Proceeds from term loan | | | 415,000 | |
Proceeds from Business Combination Private Placement | | | 50,000 | |
Cash portion of acquisition price | | | (643,000 | ) |
Settlement with Vanship pursuant to closing adjustments | | | 3,181 | |
Transaction related expenses payable by Energy Merger | | | (15,590 | ) |
Restricted working capital pursuant to term loan facility | | | (15,000 | ) |
Remaining cash | | $ | 14,591 | |
| (4) | Energy Merger cannot assure you that it will have available cash in the amounts presented above or at all, or that the lenders under its credit facility will not place restrictions on the payment of dividends. |
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| (5) | Represents 20,925,000 shares that were purchased in Energy Infrastructure’s initial public offering (including shares purchased pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option) plus 202,500 shares to be released to Maxim upon closing of the Business Combination as compensation for its role as financial advisor to Energy Infrastructure, multiplied by the dividend of $1.54 per share during the first operating year in accordance with the dividend policy of Energy Merger. Vanship has agreed, and it is a condition to the closing of the Business Combination, that Energy Merger insiders will waive any right to receive dividend payments in the one-year period immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination in order to facilitate the payment of these dividends to Energy Merger’s public stockholders. |
| (6) | Includes $15,000,000 that Energy Merger will be required to maintain as a cash reserve pursuant to the covenants under its credit facility. |
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CAPITALIZATION OF ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE
The following table sets forth the capitalization of Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. as of March 31, 2008:
| • | on an as adjusted basis giving effect to the Business Combination; |
| • | on an as further adjusted basis giving effect to the Business Combination, the redemption of 6,525,118 common shares subject to possible redemption, and the equity funding replacement offering. The equity funding replacement offering represents the capital to be raised to provide the cash necessary to fund the redemption amount of shareholders who elect to have their shares redeemed at closing. The capitalization table does not give effect to any issuance of convertible preferred stock or other convertible securities that may ultimately be issued as part of the Business Combination, as no determination has been made to date with respect to the specific provisions of such securities. See related risk factor elsewhere in the merger proxy. |
There have been no significant adjustments to Energy Infrastructure Acquisition Corp.’s capitalization since March 31, 2008, as so adjusted. You should read this capitalization table together with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations’', the financial statements and related notes, and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements and related notes, all appearing elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
| | | | | | |
| | As of March 31, 2008 |
| | (In Thousands) |
| | Actual | | As Adjusted | | As Further Adjusted |
Debt:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Note payable to stockholder | | $ | 500 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Convertible loans payable to stockholder | | | 2,685 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Long-term acquisition financing, including current portion of $40,600,000 | | | — | | | | 415,000 | | | | 415,000 | |
Total debt | | | 3,185 | | | | 415,000 | | | | 415,000 | |
Common stock subject to possible redemption | | | 64,619 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Equity funding replacement offering | | | — | | | | — | | | | 53,765 | |
Stockholders' equity:
| |
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, none issued | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized – 89,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding – 27,221,747 shares, inclusive of shares subject to possible redemption actual, 46,990,247 shares, as adjusted, and 40,195,129 shares, as further adjusted | | | 3 | | | | 5 | | | | 4 | |
Paid-in capital in excess of par | | | 158,482 | | | | 93,270 | | | | 28,652 | |
Retained earnings (deficit accumulated during the development stage) | | | (11,887 | ) | | | 63,442 | | | | 61,905 | |
Total stockholders' equity | | | 146,598 | | | | 156,717 | | | | 90,561 | |
Total capitalization | | $ | 214,402 | | | $ | 571,717 | | | $ | 559,326 | |
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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Transactions in Connection with the Founding and Initial Public Offering of Energy Infrastructure
Private Placements. On December 30, 2005, Energy Infrastructure issued an aggregate of 5,831,349 shares of Energy Infrastructure’s common stock in a private transaction to the individuals set forth below for $25,000 in cash, at a purchase price of $0.004 per share, as follows:
| | | | |
Name | | Number of Shares(1) | | Relationship to Us |
Arie Silverberg | | 583,134 | | Chief Executive Officer and Director |
Marios Pantazopoulos | | 145,784 | | Chief Financial Officer and Director |
George Sagredos | | 2,332,541 | | Chief Operating Officer, President and Director |
Andreas Theotokis | | 2,040,972 | | Chairman of the Board of Directors and Director |
Jonathan Kollek | | 583,134 | | Director |
David Wong | | 145,784 | | Director |
| (1) | All such numbers give retroactive effect to a 0.4739219-for-1 stock dividend effective as of April 21, 2006. |
In June 2006, Mr. Sagredos transferred 397,778 of his shares to Marios Pantazopoulos for nominal consideration.
Each of Messrs. Sagredos and Theotokis subsequently transferred the shares owned by them to Energy Corp., a corporation formed under the laws of the Cayman Islands.
On July 18, 2006 an aggregate of 562,500 shares were surrendered for cancellation by certain of Energy Infrastructure’s stockholders.
The holders of the majority of these shares are entitled to make up to two demands that we register these shares. The holders of the majority of these shares may elect to exercise these registration rights at any time after the date on which these shares of common stock are released from escrow, which, except in limited circumstances, is not before July 18, 2009. In addition, these stockholders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights on registration statements filed subsequent to the date on which these shares of common stock are released from escrow. We will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Energy Corp., a corporation formed under the laws of the Cayman Islands, which is controlled by Energy Infrastructure’s President and Chief Operating Officer, purchased 825,398 units from Energy Infrastructure at a purchase price of $10.00 per unit in a private placement in accordance with Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933. Mr. Sagredos originally agreed to purchase the 825,398 units from Energy Infrastructure in January 2006 pursuant to the terms of a subscription agreement, and subsequently assigned such rights to Energy Corp. in June 2006, which assumed such obligations pursuant to the terms of an Assignment and Assumption Agreement.
The holders of such units subscribed for in the Regulation S private placement have been granted demand and “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to the 825,398 shares, the 825,398 warrants and the 825,398 shares underlying the warrants at any time commencing on the date we announce that we have entered into a letter of intent with respect to a proposed a business combination. The demand registration may be exercised by the holders of a majority of such units. We will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Because the units sold in the Regulation S private placement were originally issued pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements under the federal securities laws, the holders of the warrants purchased in the Regulation S private placement may be able to exercise their warrants even if, at the time of exercise, a prospectus relating to the common stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants is not current.
The units purchased in the Regulation S private placement contain restrictions prohibiting their transfer until the earlier of a business combination or Energy Infrastructure’s liquidation. In addition, the holders of
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such units will agree to vote the shares of common stock included in such units in favor of a business combination brought to the stockholders for their approval, and to waive their respective rights to participate in any liquidation distribution occurring upon Energy Infrastructure’s failure to consummate a business combination.
Stockholder Loans. On October 6, 2005, Mr. Sagredos advanced a total of $300,000 to Energy Infrastructure to cover expenses related to Energy Infrastructure’s public offering, which loan, plus accrued interest, was repaid from the proceeds of the public offering. Mr. Sagredos made an additional loan to Energy Infrastructure in the amount of $475,000, four days prior to the effective date of the public offering. Such loan bears interest at a per annum interest rate equivalent to the per annum interest rate applied to funds held in the Trust Account during the same period that such loan is outstanding, and principal and accrued interest is to be repaid from interest accrued on the Trust Account. Such loan has been repaid in full from the Trust Account.
In addition, four days prior to the effective date of the public offering, Robert Ventures Limited, a corporation formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands controlled by George Sagredos loaned Energy Infrastructure an additional $2,550,000 in the form of a convertible loan. An additional loan in the amount of $135,000 was made by Robert Ventures Limited prior to the exercise of the over-allotment option. Such loans amounting to $2,685,000 in the aggregate bear interest at a per annum rate equivalent to the per annum interest rate applied to the funds held in the Trust Account during the quarterly period covered by such interest payment. We became obligated to make quarterly interest payments on such loans on the expiration of the first full quarter after the date that we had drawn down at least $1 million in accrued interest on the Trust Account to fund Energy Infrastructure’s working capital requirements. Such loans are due the earlier of Energy Infrastructure’s liquidation or the consummation of a business combination. Quarterly interest payments and the repayment of principal (if not earlier converted) will be made from interest accrued on the Trust Account. In addition, the principal of the convertible loan is convertible into units at a conversion price of $10.00 per unit, subject to adjustment, commencing two business days following Energy Infrastructure’s filing of a preliminary proxy statement with respect to a business combination. These securities have the same registration rights as the units to be sold in the Regulation S private placement. Pursuant to the terms of the Share Purchase Agreement, Mr. Sagredos has agreed to convert the convertible loans into 268,500 units concurrent with the completion of the Business Combination.
In the event the Business Combination is not completed, the repayment of the convertible loans is subordinate to the public stockholders receiving a minimum of $10.00 per share, subject to any valid claims by Energy Infrastructure’s creditors which are not covered by amounts in the Trust Account or indemnities provided by Energy Infrastructure’s officers and directors, in the event of Energy Infrastructure’s liquidation and dissolution.
Options. Energy Infrastructure granted Mr. Sagredos, Energy Infrastructure’s President and Chief Operating Officer and a director, concurrent with the closing of Energy Infrastructure’s public offering, options to purchase an aggregate of 2,688,750 shares of Energy Infrastructure’s common stock. The options will vest in four quarterly installments with 672,187 options vesting on each of the first three installments, and the remaining 672,189 options vesting on the final installment. The first installment shall vest on the date of expiration of the three-month period immediately following the consummation of a business combination. We granted Mr. Theotokis, Energy Infrastructure’s Chairman of the board of directors, concurrent with the closing of Energy Infrastructure’s public offering, assignable options to purchase an aggregate of 896,250 shares of Energy Infrastructure’s common stock. The options will vest in four quarterly installments with 224,062 options vesting on each of the first three installments and the remaining 224,064 options vesting on the final installment. The first installment shall vest on the date of expiration of the three-month period immediately following the consummation of a business combination. Each of the options, which is assignable, is exercisable for a five-year period from the date of vesting at an exercise price of $.01 per share, and contains cashless exercise provisions. In the event of a stock dividend, recapitalization, reorganization merger or consolidation, or certain other events, the exercise price and number of underlying shares of common stock may be adjusted. The shares of common stock underlying the options will be subject to a six-month holding period from the date of issuance. The vesting of the options following the consummation of the business combination is contingent upon each of Messrs. Sagredos and Theotokis remaining as an officer of Energy Infrastructure on each applicable quarterly vesting date. However, options that have already vested shall continue for their
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five-year term regardless of whether Mr. Sagredos continues to be an officer and/or director of Energy Infrastructure. When such shares are issued, we have agreed to use Energy Infrastructure’s best efforts to register such shares under the Securities Act of 1933. We will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
All of the above-described options to purchase an aggregate of 3,585,000 shares of Energy Infrastructure common stock will be tendered for cancellation concurrent with the completion of the Business Combination.
Transactions in Connection with the Business Combination
Expenses. Energy Infrastructure will reimburse its officers and directors for any reasonable out-of-pocket business expenses incurred by them in connection with certain activities on Energy Infrastructure’s behalf such as identifying and investigating possible target businesses and business combinations. There is no limit on the amount of accountable out-of-pocket expenses reimbursable by Energy Infrastructure, which will be reviewed only by Energy Infrastructure’s board or a court of competent jurisdiction if such reimbursement is challenged.
Other than reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses payable to Energy Infrastructure’s officers and directors, no compensation or fees of any kind, including finders and consulting fees, will be paid to any of Energy Infrastructure’s existing stockholders, officers or directors who owned Energy Infrastructure’s common stock prior to the public offering, or to any of their respective affiliates for services rendered to Energy Infrastructure prior to or with respect to the business combination.
Options. In connection with the Business Combination, the options to purchase an aggregate of 2,688,750 shares of Energy Infrastructure’s common stock granted to Mr. Sagredos and the options to purchase an aggregate of 896,250 shares of Energy Infrastructure’s common stock granted to Mr. Theotokis will be tendered for cancellation.
Upon consummation of the Business Combination, Mr. Sagredos (or his assignees) shall receive 1,000,000 units of Energy Merger. Mr. Sagredos has agreed to transfer 500,000 of such units to Marios Pantazopoulos, Energy Infrastructure’s chief financial officer and a director, and a director of Energy Merger.
Vanship Warrants. Under the Share Purchase Agreement, Energy Merger has agreed to effect the transfer of 425,000 warrants to purchase Energy Infrastructure common stock from one of Energy Infrastructure’s initial stockholders. Each warrant will be exercisable for one share of Energy Merger common stock with an exercise price of $8.00 per share. It is expected that these warrants will be transferred to Vanship by Robert Ventures Limited, an off-shore company controlled by Mr. George Sagredos.
Vanship Registration Rights. Under the Share Purchase Agreement, Energy Merger has agreed, with some limited exceptions, to include (i) the 13,500,000 shares of Energy Merger’s common stock comprising the stock consideration portion of the aggregate purchase price for the SPVs, and (ii) the shares of Energy Merger’s common stock underlying the 425,000 warrants that Mr. George Sagredos will transfer to Vanship in Energy Merger’s registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus is a part. We refer to these securities, collectively with the 6,000,000 shares of Energy Merger’s common stock that Vanship is eligible to earn in the two year period following the Business Combination based on certain revenue targets as the Registrable Securities. Energy Merger has also granted Vanship (on behalf of itself or its affiliates that hold Registrable Securities) the right, under certain definitive, pre-determined circumstances and subject to certain restrictions, including lock-up and market stand-off restrictions, to require Energy Merger to register the Registrable Securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in the future. Under the Share Purchase Agreement, Vanship also has the right to require Energy Merger to make available shelf registration statements permitting sales of shares into the market from time to time over an extended period. Vanship will have the ability to exercise certain piggyback registration rights 180 days following the effective date of the Business Combination. In addition, in connection with the Business Combination Private Placement, Energy Merger will grant to Vanship certain demand and piggyback registration rights with respect to up to 5,000,000 units.
Business Combination Private Placement. Under the Share Purchase Agreement, Vanship has agreed to purchase up to 5,000,000 units from Energy Merger at a purchase price of $10.00 per unit, but only to the extent necessary to secure the acquisition financing described under the heading “Acquisition Financing.”
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Each unit will consist of one share of Energy Merger’s common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of Energy Merger’s common stock at an exercise price of $8.00 per warrant. The proceeds from such private placement, if any, are expected to be retained by Energy Merger and not contributed to the SPVs.
Transactions in Connection with Energy Merger
Management Agreement. Upon the closing of the Business Combination, Energy Merger expects to enter into a management agreement with the Manager, pursuant to which the Manager will provide the strategic, commercial, administrative, technical and crew management services necessary to support Energy Merger’s business. It is expected that the Manager will subcontract technical management of the vessels in Energy Merger’s fleet to its affiliate, Univan. Both the Manager and Univan were founded and are controlled by Captain C.A.J. Vanderperre. Captain Vanderperre will be the Chairman of Energy Merger’s board of directors upon completion of the Business Combination. He is also the Chairman and a co-founder of Vanship, the company from which Energy Merger will acquire its initial fleet.
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DESCRIPTION OF ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITIES
Given below is a summary of the material features of Energy Infrastructure’s securities. This summary is not a complete discussion of the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of Energy Infrastructure that create the rights of its stockholders. You are urged to read carefully this joint proxy statement/prospectus. We also refer you to Energy Infrastructure’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, which have been filed as exhibits to SEC reports filed by Energy Infrastructure. Please see “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”
General
Energy Infrastructure is authorized to issue 89,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001. As of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, 27,221,747 shares of common stock are outstanding, held by nine record holders. No shares of preferred stock are currently outstanding.
Common Stock
Energy Infrastructure stockholders are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters to be voted on by stockholders. In connection with the vote required for the Business Combination, Energy Corp. has agreed to vote an aggregate of 825,398 shares of Energy Infrastructure common stock acquired by them in the Private Placement and any shares of Energy Infrastructure common stock they may acquire in the future in favor of the Business Combination and thereby waive redemption rights with respect to such shares. All of Energy Infrastructure’s officers and directors have agreed to vote an aggregate of 5,268,849 shares of Energy Infrastructure common stock issued to them prior to our initial public offering in accordance with the vote of the holders of a majority of the shares issued in our initial public offering. Additionally, our officers and directors will vote all of their shares in any manner they determine, in their sole discretion, with respect to any other items that come before a vote of our stockholders.
Our board of directors is divided into three classes, each of which will generally serve for a term of three years with only one class of directors being elected in each year. There is no cumulative voting with respect to the election of directors, with the result that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voted for the election of directors can elect all of the directors.
If Energy Infrastructure is forced to liquidate prior to a business combination, our public stockholders are entitled to share ratably in the Trust Account, inclusive of any interest (net of taxes payable), and any net assets remaining available for distribution to them after payment of liabilities. Our officers and directors have agreed to waive their rights to share in any distribution with respect to common stock owned by them if we are forced to liquidate.
Our stockholders have no redemption, preemptive or other subscription rights and there are no sinking fund or redemption provisions applicable to the common stock, except that public stockholders have the right to have their shares of common stock redeemed for cash equal to their pro rata share of the Trust Account if they vote against the Redomiciliation Merger, elect to exercise redemption rights and the Redomiciliation Merger is approved and completed. A stockholder who exercises redemption rights will continue to own any warrants to acquire Energy Infrastructure common stock owned by such stockholder as such warrants will remain outstanding and unaffected by the exercise of redemption rights.
There are no limitations on the right of non-residents of Delaware to hold or vote Energy Infrastructure’s common shares.
Preferred Stock
Energy Infrastructure’s certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of 1,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock with such designation, rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our board of directors. Accordingly, our board of directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights which could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of common stock, although the underwriting agreement entered into in connection with our initial public offering prohibits Energy Infrastructure, prior to a business combination, from issuing preferred stock which participates in any manner in the proceeds of the Trust
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Account, or which votes as a class with the common stock on a business combination. The preferred stock could be utilized as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of Energy Infrastructure.
Warrants
We have 21,750,398 warrants issued and outstanding and Energy Merger may issue up to an additional 6,000,000 warrants (as part of units) upon completion of the Business Combination. Each warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of our common stock at a price of $8.00 per share, subject to adjustment as discussed below, at any time commencing on the completion of a business combination. Following the effectiveness of the Business Combination, our warrants will become exercisable. The warrants will expire on July 17, 2010 at 5:00 p.m., New York City time.
We may call the warrants for redemption
| • | in whole and not in part; |
| • | at a price of $0.0001 per warrant at any time after the warrants become exercisable, subject to the right of each warrant holder to exercise his or her warrant prior to the date scheduled for redemption; |
| • | upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder; and |
| • | if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the common stock equals or exceeds $14.25 per share, for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period ending on the third business day prior to the notice of redemption to warrant holders. |
We have established this criteria to provide warrant holders with a reasonable premium to the initial warrant exercise price as well as a reasonable cushion against a negative market reaction, if any, to our redemption call. If the foregoing conditions are satisfied and we call the warrants for redemption, each warrant holder shall then be entitled to exercise his or her warrant prior to the date scheduled for redemption, however, there can be no assurance that the price of the common stock will exceed the call trigger price or the warrant exercise price after the redemption call is made.
The warrants are issued in registered form under a warrant agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and Energy Infrastructure. You should review a copy of the warrant agreement, which has been filed as an exhibit to SEC reports filed by Energy Infrastructure, for a complete description of the terms and conditions applicable to the warrants.
The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable on exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain definitive, pre-determined circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or our recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of common stock at a price below their exercise price.
The warrants may be exercised upon surrender of the warrant certificate on or prior to the expiration date at the offices of the warrant agent, with the exercise form on the reverse side of the warrant certificate completed and executed as indicated, accompanied by full payment of the exercise price, by certified check payable to Energy Infrastructure, for the number of warrants being exercised. The warrant holders do not have the rights or privileges of holders of common stock and any voting rights until they exercise their warrants and receive shares of common stock. After the issuance of shares of common stock upon exercise of the warrants, each holder will be entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters to be voted on by stockholders.
No warrants will be exercisable unless at the time of exercise a prospectus relating to common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is current and the common stock has been registered or qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the holder of the warrants. Under the terms of the warrant agreement, we have agreed to meet these conditions and use our best efforts to maintain a current prospectus relating to common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants until the expiration of the warrants. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so. The warrants may be
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deprived of any value and the market for the warrants may be limited if the prospectus relating to the common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants is not current or if the common stock is not qualified or exempt from qualification in the jurisdictions in which the holders of the warrants reside.
No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the warrants. If, upon exercise of the warrants, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share, we will, upon exercise, round up to the nearest whole number the number of shares of common stock to be issued to the warrant holder.
Dividends
We are a blank check company and therefore we have not paid any dividends on our common stock. It is the present intention of our board of directors to retain all earnings, if any, for use in our business operations and, accordingly, our board does not anticipate declaring any dividends in the foreseeable future, if the Redomiciliation Merger is not approved. Please read “Dividend Policy of Energy Merger.”
Transfer Agent and Warrant Agent
The transfer agent for our securities and warrant agent for our warrants is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, 17 Battery Place, New York, New York 10004.
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DESCRIPTION OF ENERGY MERGER SECURITIES
Energy Infrastructure stockholders who receive shares of Energy Merger in the merger will become stockholders of Energy Merger. Energy Merger is a corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands and is subject to the provisions of Marshall Islands law. Given below is a summary of the material features of Energy Merger’s securities as provided in Energy Merger amended and restated articles of incorporation, as are anticipated to be in effect upon the completion of the Business Combination. This summary is not a complete discussion of the amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws of Energy Merger that create the rights of its stockholders. You are urged to read carefully the form of amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws of Energy Merger which have been filed as exhibits to Energy Merger’s registration statement on Form F-1/F-4. Please see “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”
General
Energy Merger is authorized to issue 119,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001, of which one share is designated special voting preferred stock. As of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, 100 shares of common stock are outstanding. No shares of preferred stock are currently outstanding but it is anticipated that one share of special preferred voting stock will be issued to Vanship upon completion of the Business Combination.
Common Stock
Upon consummation of the Business Combination, after giving effect to the issuance of 13,500,000 shares to Vanship in the Business Combination, the issuance of 1,000,000, units to Energy Infrastructure’s President and Chief Operating Officer (or any assignee thereof), the issuance of 5,000,000 units to Vanship in connection with the Business Combination Private Placement and the issuance of 268,500 units upon the conversion of convertible loans aggregating $2,685,000, Energy Merger will have outstanding 46,990,247 shares of common stock, assuming that no stockholders vote against the Business Combination and exercise redemption rights. In addition, Energy Merger will have 28,018,890 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of the warrants. Under certain definitive, pre-determined circumstances, in the future, Energy Merger may issue up to an additional 6,000,000 shares of common stock to Vanship. See “Share Purchase Agreement — Purchase Price.”
Each outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of preferred stock, holders of shares of common stock are entitled to receive ratably all dividends, if any, declared by Energy Merger’s board of directors out of funds legally available for dividends. Holders of common stock do not have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of Energy Merger’s securities. All outstanding shares of common stock are, and the shares to be issued in the Redomiciliation Merger when issued will be, fully paid and non-assessable. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are subject to the rights of the holders of any shares of preferred stock which Energy Merger may issue in the future.
There are no limitations on the right of non-residents of the Republic of the Marshall Islands to hold or vote Energy Merger’s common shares.
Preferred Stock
Energy Merger will be authorized to issue up to 999,999 shares of blank check preferred stock. The rights, designations and preferences of the preferred stock can be determined, and the shares can be issued, upon the authority of Energy Merger’s board of directors, without any further vote or action by Energy Merger’s stockholders.
Energy Merger’s amended and restated articles of incorporation authorize one share of special voting preferred stock. The special voting preferred stock will have voting and economic rights equivalent to one share of common stock except that the holder of the special voting preferred stock will be entitled to nominate and elect three of Energy Merger’s nine directors. In addition, for so long as any shares of special voting preferred stock are outstanding, the consent of the three directors elected by the holders of special voting
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preferred stock will be required for the authorization or issuance of any additional shares of preferred stock of Energy Merger. The one share of special voting preferred stock will be convertible into one share of common stock at the option of the holder and is expected to be issued to Vanship upon completion of the Business Combination.
Warrants
Upon consummation of the Business Combination, each outstanding Energy Infrastructure warrant will be assumed by Energy Merger with the same terms and restrictions except that each will be exercisable for common stock of Energy Merger. For a description of the terms and restrictions, please read “Description of Energy Infrastructure Securities Warrants.”
Conflicts of Interest
Article Ninth of Energy Merger’s articles of incorporation addresses actual and potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of Vanship’s equity holding in Energy Merger and certain individuals serving as officers and directors of both Vanship (including its other subsidiaries) and Energy Merger. Generally, Vanship is entitled to engage in the same or similar business as Energy Merger and Energy Merger will not have any right to business opportunities known to or pursued by Vanship or its affiliates. Furthermore, Vanship will not have a duty to present business opportunities to Energy Merger. Similarly, directors and officers of both Vanship (including its other subsidiaries) and Energy Merger will not have a duty to present business opportunities to Energy Merger, unless they are expressly offered in writing to an individual solely in his capacity as a director or officer of Energy Merger. These provisions terminate upon (1) Vanship ceasing to control 10% of Energy Merger’s common stock voting power and (2) no person serving as a director or officer of both Vanship (including its other subsidiaries) and Energy Merger. A two-thirds majority vote of both the board of directors and stockholders of Energy Merger is necessary to amend Article Ninth of the Energy Merger articles of incorporation.
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COMPARISON OF ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE
AND ENERGY MERGER STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS
In the Redomiciliation Merger, each share of Energy Infrastructure common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, will be converted into one share of Energy Merger common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and each warrant to purchase shares of Energy Infrastructure will be assumed by Energy Merger and will contain the same terms and provisions except that each will be exercisable for shares of Energy Merger. Energy Infrastructure is a Delaware corporation. The rights of its stockholders derive from Energy Infrastructure’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws and from the DGCL. Energy Merger is a Marshall Islands corporation. The rights of its stockholders derive from Energy Merger’s articles of incorporation and bylaws and from the BCA.
The following is a comparison setting forth the material differences of the rights of Energy Infrastructure stockholders and Energy Merger stockholders. Certain significant differences in the rights of Energy Infrastructure stockholders and those of Energy Merger stockholders arise from differing provisions of Energy Infrastructure’s and Energy Merger’s respective governing corporate instruments. The following summary does not purport to be a complete statement of the provisions affecting, and differences between, the rights of Energy Infrastructure stockholders and those of Energy Merger stockholders. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the DGCL and the BCA and to the respective governing corporate instruments of Energy Infrastructure and Energy Merger, to which stockholders are referred.
Objects and Purposes
Energy Infrastructure. The purposes and powers of Energy Infrastructure are set forth in the third paragraph of Energy Infrastructure’s certificate of incorporation. These purposes include any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the DGCL. Pursuant to Energy Infrastructure’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, Energy Infrastructure will dissolve and liquidate its trust account to its public stockholders if it does not complete a business combination within 18 months after the consummation of its initial public offering (or within 24 months after the consummation of its initial public offering if certain extension criteria are satisfied).
Energy Merger. The purposes and powers of Energy Merger are set forth in the third paragraph of Energy Merger’s articles of incorporation. The purpose of Energy Merger is to engage in any lawful act or activity relating to the business of owning or operating tanker ships and other types vessels used as a means of conveyance and transportation by water, any other lawful act or activity customarily conducted in conjunction with waterborne shipping.
Authorized Capital Stock
Energy Infrastructure. Energy Infrastructure is authorized to issue 89,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001. As of the date of joint proxy statement/prospectus, 27,221,747 shares of common stock are outstanding and there are nine record holders. No shares of preferred stock are currently outstanding.
Energy Merger. Energy Merger will be authorized to issue 119,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001, of which one share will be designated special voting preferred stock. As of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, 100 shares of common stock are outstanding. No shares of preferred stock are currently outstanding but one share of special voting preferred stock is expected to be issued to Vanship in connection with the Business Combination Private Placement.
Board of Directors
Energy Infrastructure. Under the DGCL, the certificate of incorporation, an initial bylaw or a bylaw adopted by the stockholders of a Delaware corporation may create a classified board with staggered terms. A maximum of three classes of directors is allowed with members of one class elected each year for a maximum term of three years. There is no statutory requirement as to the number of directors in each class or that the number in each class be equal.
Energy Infrastructure’s bylaws provide that its board of directors shall consist of not less than one nor more than nine members as designated from time to time by resolution of the board. Energy Infrastructure’s
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board of directors currently has five members. Directors are elected by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares represented at the annual meeting of stockholders. Energy Infrastructure’s board of directors is divided into three classes with only one class of directors being elected in each year and each class serving a three-year term.
Energy Infrastructure’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws do not provide for cumulative voting for the election of directors. If any vacancy occurs in the membership of the board of directors, it may be filled by a vote of the majority of the remaining directors then in office although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director and each director so chosen shall hold office until the next annual meeting and until such director’s successor shall be duly elected and shall qualify, or until such director’s earlier resignation, removal from office, death or incapacity.
Energy Merger. The board of directors of Energy Merger is divided into three classes that are as nearly equal in number as possible. Class A Directors initially serve until the 2009 annual meeting of stockholders, Class B Directors initially serve until the 2010 annual meeting of stockholders, and Class C Directors initially serve until the 2011 annual meeting of stockholders. At each annual meeting of stockholders after the foregoing initial terms, the directors of each class are elected for terms of three years.
Pursuant to its bylaws, the board of directors of Energy Merger may, in the absence of an independent quorum, from time to time, in its discretion, fix amounts which shall be payable to members of the board of directors for attendance at the meetings of the board or committee thereof and for services rendered to Energy Merger.
The Share Purchase Agreement provides that, so long as Vanship owns at least 25% of the outstanding common stock of Energy Merger, Vanship will have the right to appoint one Class A, one Class B and one Class C director of Energy Merger. To give effect to this right, Energy Merger intends to amend its articles of incorporation immediately prior to the completion of the Business Combination to authorize one share of special voting preferred stock. This share is expected to be issued to Vanship in connection with the Business Combination Private Placement. The special voting preferred stock will have voting and economic rights equivalent to one share of common stock except that the holder of the special voting preferred stock will be entitled to nominate and elect three of Energy Merger’s nine directors, and the consent of those three directors will be required for the authorization or issuance of any additional shares of preferred stock of Energy Merger. The one share of special voting preferred stock will be convertible into one share of common stock at the option of the holder. Simultaneously with the issuance of the special voting preferred stock, Energy Merger and Vanship will enter into an agreement whereby Vanship will agree to tender the special voting preferred stock to Energy Merger for conversion to common stock at such time as Vanship, together with its affiliates, owns less than 25% of the outstanding capital stock of Energy Merger.
Special Meetings of Stockholders
Energy Infrastructure. Energy Infrastructure’s bylaws provide that a Special Meeting of stockholders may be called by a majority of the entire board of directors, or the Chief Executive Officer, and shall be called by the Secretary at the request in writing of stockholders holding not less than a majority of all of the outstanding stock of Energy Infrastructure entitled to vote at such meeting.
Energy Merger. A special meeting of Energy Merger’s stockholders may be called at any time by the affirmative vote of sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) or more of the members of the entire board of directors, or the Chief Executive Officer, and shall be called by the Secretary at the request in writing of stockholders owning a majority in amount of the entire capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote.
Mergers, Share Exchanges and Sales of Assets
Energy Infrastructure. The DGCL generally requires a majority vote of the outstanding shares of the corporation entitled to vote to effectuate a merger. The certificate of incorporation of a Delaware corporation may provide for a greater vote. In addition, the vote of stockholders of the surviving corporation on a plan of merger is not required under certain definitive, pre-determined circumstances.
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Energy Infrastructure’s certificate of incorporation provides that, in connection with a business combination, such as a merger, each outstanding share of common stock shall be entitled to one vote per share of common stock.
Energy Merger. The Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act, or the BCA, provides that a merger in which the Marshall Islands corporation is not the surviving corporation requires the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Marshall Islands corporation entitled to vote thereon. The BCA further provides that a sale, lease, exchange or other disposition of all or substantially all the assets of the Marshall Islands corporation, if not made in the usual or regular course of the business actually conducted by such Marshall Islands corporation, requires the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Marshall Islands corporation entitled to vote thereon, unless any class of shares is entitled to vote thereon as a class, in which event such authorization shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of each class of shares entitled to vote as a class thereon and of the total shares entitled to vote thereon.
Anti-takeover Provisions
Energy Infrastructure. Several provisions of Energy Infrastructure’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have anti-takeover effects. These provisions are intended to avoid costly takeover battles, lessen Energy Infrastructure’s vulnerability to a hostile change of control and enhance the ability of the board of directors to maximize stockholder value in connection with any unsolicited offer to acquire Energy Infrastructure. However, these anti-takeover provisions, which are summarized below, could also discourage, delay or prevent (1) the merger or acquisition of Energy Infrastructure by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise, that a stockholder may consider in its best interest and (2) the removal of incumbent officers and directors.
Energy Infrastructure’s certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of 1,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock with such designation, rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our board of directors. Energy Infrastructure’s board of directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of its company or the removal of its management.
Energy Infrastructure’s certificate of incorporation provides for a board of directors serving staggered, three-year terms. Energy Infrastructure’s board of directors currently has five members. The classified board provision could discourage a third party from making a tender offer for Energy Infrastructure’s shares or attempting to obtain control of the company. It could also delay stockholders who do not agree with the policies of the board of directors from removing a majority of the board of directors for up to three years.
Energy Infrastructure’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors. These provisions may discourage, delay or prevent the removal of incumbent officers and directors.
Energy Infrastructure’s bylaws provide that a special meeting of stockholders may be called by a majority of the entire board of directors, or the Chief Executive Officer, and shall be called by the Secretary at the request in writing of stockholders holding not less than a majority of all of the outstanding stock of Energy Infrastructure entitled to vote at such meeting. These provisions could prevent stockholders representing less than a majority of the outstanding stock of Energy Infrastructure from forcing the board of directors to call a special meeting which could discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of the company or the removal of management.
The DGCL contains provisions which prohibit corporations from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the time of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless: (1) prior to the time of the transaction that resulted in a stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; (2) upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced (excluding certain shares); or (3) at or subsequent to the date of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder
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becoming an interested stockholder, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.
For purposes of these provisions, a “business combination” includes mergers, consolidations, exchanges, asset sales, leases and other transactions resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder and an “interested stockholder” is any person or entity that beneficially owns 30% or more of our outstanding voting stock and any person or entity affiliated with or controlling or controlled by that person or entity.
Energy Merger. Several provisions of Energy Merger’s articles of incorporation and bylaws may have anti-takeover effects. These provisions are intended to avoid costly takeover battles, lessen Energy Merger’s vulnerability to a hostile change of control and enhance the ability of the board of directors to maximize stockholder value in connection with any unsolicited offer to acquire Energy Merger. However, these anti-takeover provisions, which are summarized below, could also discourage, delay or prevent (1) the merger or acquisition of Energy Merger by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise, that a stockholder may consider in its best interest and (2) the removal of incumbent officers and directors.
Energy Merger’s articles of incorporation authorizes the issuance of 1,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock with such designation, rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our board of directors. Energy Merger’s board of directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of the company or the removal of management.
Energy Merger’s articles of incorporation provides for a board of directors serving staggered, three-year terms. The classified board provision could discourage a third party from making a tender offer for Energy Merger’s shares or attempting to obtain control of the company. It could also delay stockholders who do not agree with the policies of the board of directors from removing a majority of the board of directors for up to three years.
Energy Merger’s articles of incorporation and bylaws do not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors. These provisions may discourage, delay or prevent the removal of incumbent officers and directors.
Energy Merger’s bylaws provide that stockholders seeking to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring business before an annual meeting of stockholders must provide timely notice of their proposal in writing to the corporate secretary. Generally, to be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be received at Energy Merger’s principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders. Energy Merger’s bylaws also specify requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice. These provisions may impede a stockholder’s ability to bring matters before an annual meeting of stockholders or make nominations for directors at an annual meeting of stockholders.
Supermajority Provisions
The BCA generally provides that the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders is required to amend a corporation’s articles of incorporation, unless the articles of incorporation requires a greater percentage. Energy Merger’s articles of incorporation provide that the following provisions in the articles of incorporation may be amended only by an affirmative vote of 66 2/3% or more of the outstanding shares of Energy Merger’s capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors:
| • | the board of directors shall be divided into three classes; |
| • | the directors are authorized to make, alter, amend, change or repeal the bylaws by vote not less than 66 2/3% of the entire board of directors; and |
| • | the stockholders are authorized to alter, amend or repeal our bylaws by an affirmative vote of 66 2/3% or more of the outstanding shares of Energy Merger’s capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors. |
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Transfer Agent
The registrar and transfer agent for Energy Merger common stock and warrant agent for warrants exercisable for shares of Energy Merger is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, 17 Battery Place, New York, New York 10004.
Listing
Energy Infrastructure’s common stock and warrants currently trade on the American Stock Exchange under the symbols “EII” and “EII.WS”, respectively. Energy Merger has applied to list its common shares and warrants on the American Stock Exchange under the symbols “_____” and “________”, respectively.
Dividends
Energy Infrastructure. The DGCL allows the board of directors of a Delaware corporation to authorize a corporation to declare and pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders, subject to any restrictions contained in the certificate of incorporation, either out of surplus, or, if there is no surplus, out of net profits for the current or preceding fiscal year in which the dividend is declared. However, a distribution out of net profits is not permitted if a corporation’s capital is less than the amount of capital represented by the issued and outstanding stock of all classes having a preference upon the distribution of assets, until the deficiency has been repaired.
Energy Merger. Marshall Islands law generally prohibits the payment of dividends if the company is insolvent or would be rendered insolvent upon the payment of such dividends and dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in the case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. Declaration and payment of any dividend is subject to the discretion of Energy Merger’s board of directors. The timing and amount of dividend payments will be dependent upon Energy Merger’s earnings, financial condition, cash requirements and availability, restrictions in Energy Merger’s loan agreements, the provisions of Marshall Islands law affecting the payment of distributions to stockholders and other factors. The payment of dividends is not guaranteed or assured, and may be discontinued at any time at the discretion of Energy Merger’s board of directors. Because Energy Merger is a holding company with no material assets other than the stock of its subsidiaries, Energy Merger’s ability to pay dividends will depend on the earnings and cash flow of its subsidiaries and their ability to pay dividends to Energy Merger. If there is a substantial decline in the charter market, Energy Merger’s earnings would be negatively affected, thus limiting its ability to pay dividends.
Indemnification of Directors and Officers and Limitation of Liability
Energy Infrastructure. The DGCL classifies indemnification as either mandatory indemnification or permissive indemnification. A Delaware corporation is required to indemnify a present or former director or officer against expenses actually and reasonably incurred in an action that the person successfully defended on the merits or otherwise.
Under the DGCL, in non-derivative third-party proceedings, a corporation may indemnify any director, officer, employee or agent who is or is threatened to be made a party to the proceeding against expenses, judgments and settlements actually and reasonably incurred in connection with a civil proceeding, provided such person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in the best interests of and not opposed to the corporation and, in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct was unlawful. Further, in actions brought on behalf of the corporation, any director, officer, employee or agent who is or is threatened to be made a party can be indemnified for expenses actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the defense or settlement of the action if the person acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in and not opposed to the best interests of the corporation; however, indemnification is not permitted with respect to any claims in which such person has been adjudged liable to the corporation unless the appropriate court determines such person is entitled to indemnity for expenses.
Unless ordered by a court, the corporation must authorize permissive indemnification for existing directors or officers in each case by: (i) a majority vote of the disinterested directors even though less than a quorum; (ii) a committee of disinterested directors, designated by a majority vote of such directors even
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though less than a quorum; (iii) independent legal counsel in a written opinion; or (iv) the stockholders. The statutory rights regarding indemnification are non-exclusive; consequently, a corporation can indemnify a litigant in circumstances not defined by the DGCL under any bylaw, agreement or otherwise, subject to public policy limitations.
Under the DGCL, a Delaware corporation’s certificate of incorporation may eliminate director liability for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty except: (i) an act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or knowing violation of the law; (ii) a breach of the duty of loyalty; (iii) improper personal benefits; or (iv) certain unlawful distributions.
Energy Infrastructure’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that any director, officer, employee or agent shall be indemnified to the fullest extent authorized or permissible under Delaware law, provided that such person acted in good faith and in a manner which he believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of Energy Infrastructure, and with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. In order to be indemnified, such indemnification must be ordered by a court or it must be decided by a majority vote of a quorum of the whole Energy Infrastructure board of directors that such person met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in this paragraph.
Energy Infrastructure’s certificate of incorporation provides that a director shall not be personally liable to the corporation or its stock holders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director; provided however, that nothing in the certificate of incorporation shall eliminate or limit the liability of any director (i) for breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the DGCL, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
Energy Merger. Energy Merger’s bylaws provide that any person who is or was a director or officer of Energy Merger, or is or was serving at the request of Energy Merger as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprises shall be entitled to be indemnified by Energy Merger upon the same terms, under the same conditions, and to the same extent as authorized by Section 60 of the BCA, if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of Energy Merger, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, Energy Infrastructure and Energy Merger have been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
Amendments to Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
Under the DGCL, under the following circumstances, a class of stockholders has the right to vote separately on an amendment to a Delaware corporation’s certificate of incorporation even if the certificate does not include such a right: (i) increasing or decreasing the aggregate number of authorized shares of the class (the right to a class vote under this circumstance may be eliminated by a provision in the certificate); (ii) increasing or decreasing the par value of the shares of the class; or (iii) changing the powers, preferences, or special rights of the shares of the class in a way that would affect them adversely. Approval by outstanding shares entitled generally to vote is also required. Under the DGCL, a corporation’s certificate of incorporation also may require, for action by the board or by the holders of any class or series of voting securities, the vote of a greater number or proportion than is required by the DGCL.
The BCA provides that notwithstanding any provisions in the articles of incorporation, the holders of the outstanding shares of a class shall be entitled to vote as a class upon a proposed amendment, and in addition to the authorization of an amendment by a vote of the holders of a majority of all outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon, the amendment shall be authorized by a vote of the holders of a majority of all outstanding shares of the class if the amendment would increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of such class, or alter or change the powers, preferences or special rights of the shares of such class so as to affect them adversely. If any proposed amendment would alter or change the powers, preferences, or special
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rights of one or more series of any class so as to affect them adversely, but shall not affect the entire class, then only the shares of the series so affected by the amendment shall be considered a separate class for purposes of this section.
Energy Infrastructure. Energy Infrastructure’s certificate of incorporation may be amended if a majority of the outstanding stock entitled to vote thereon, and a majority of the outstanding stock of each class entitled to vote thereon as a class has been voted in favor of the amendment. Energy Infrastructure’s bylaws may be amended or repealed, and new bylaws may be adopted, either (i) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding stock of Energy Infrastructure, or (ii) by the affirmative vote of a majority of the board of directors of Energy Infrastructure.
Energy Merger. Generally, the BCA provides that amendment of Energy Merger’s articles of incorporation may be authorized by a vote of the holders of a majority of all outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon at a meeting of stockholders or by written consent of all stockholders entitled to vote thereon. Energy Merger’s bylaws may be amended by the affirmative vote of 66 2/3% of entire board of directors, or by the affirmative vote of the holders of 66 2/3% or more of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote thereon (considered for this purpose as one class).
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COMPARISON OF MARSHALL ISLANDS CORPORATE LAW TO DELAWARE CORPORATE LAW
Energy Merger’s corporate affairs are governed by Energy Merger’s amended and restated articles of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and the Business Corporation Act, or BCA. The provisions of the BCA resemble provisions of the corporation laws of a number of states in the United States. For example, the BCA allows the adoption of various anti-takeover measures such as stockholder rights plans. While the BCA also provides that it is to be interpreted according to the laws of the State of Delaware and other states with substantially similar legislative provisions, there have been few, if any, court cases interpreting the BCA in the Marshall Islands and we can not predict whether Marshall Islands courts would reach the same conclusions as United States courts. Thus, you may have more difficulty in protecting your interests in the face of actions by the management, directors or controlling stockholders than would stockholders of a corporation incorporated in a United States jurisdiction which has developed a substantial body of case law. The following table provides a comparison between the statutory provisions of the BCA and the DGCL relating to stockholders’ rights.
Marshall Islands
Delaware
Stockholder Meetings
| • | May be held at a time and place as designated in the bylaws |
| • | May be held within or outside the Marshall Islands |
| • | Whenever stockholders are required to take action at a meeting, written notice shall state the place, date and hour of the meeting and indicate that it is being issued by or at the direction of the person calling the meeting |
| • | A copy of the notice of any meeting shall be given personally or sent by mail not less than 15 nor more than 60 days before the meeting |
| • | May be held at such time or place as designated in the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws, or if not so designated, as determined by the board of directors |
| • | May be held within or outside Delaware |
| • | Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written notice of the meeting shall be given which shall state the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders may be deemed to be present and vote at such meeting |
| • | Written notice shall be given not less than ten nor more than 60 days before the meeting |
Stockholder’s Voting Rights
| • | Any action required to be taken by meeting of stockholders may be taken without meeting if consent is in writing and is signed by all the stockholders entitled to vote |
| • | Any person authorized to vote may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy |
| • | Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, a majority of shares entitled to vote constitutes a quorum. In no event shall a quorum consist of fewer than one-third of the shares entitled to vote at a meeting |
| • | The articles of incorporation may provide for cumulative voting |
| • | Stockholders may act by written consent to elect directors |
| • | Any person authorized to vote may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy |
| • | For stock corporations, certificate of incorporation or bylaws may specify the number of members necessary to constitute a quorum but in no event shall a quorum consist of less than one-third of the shares entitled to vote at the meeting. In the absence of such specifications, a majority of shares entitled to vote at the meeting shall constitute a quorum |
| • | The certificate of incorporation may provide for cumulative voting |
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Marshall Islands
Delaware
Limits on Rights of Non-Resident or Foreign Stockholders to Hold or Exercise Voting Rights
| • | There are no limits on the rights of non-resident or foreign stockholders to hold or exercise voting rights. |
| • | There are no limits on the rights of non-resident or foreign stockholders to hold or exercise voting rights. |
Right to Inspect Corporate Books
| • | Any stockholder may during the usual hours of business inspect, for a purpose reasonably related to his interests as a stockholder, and make copies of extracts from the share register, books of account, and minutes of all proceedings. |
| • | The right of inspection may not be limited in the articles or bylaws. |
| • | Any stockholder, in person or through an agent, upon written demand under oath stating the purpose thereof, has the right during usual business hours to inspect for any proper purpose and make copies or extracts from the corporation’s stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and books and records. |
Indemnification
| • | For actions not by or in the right of the corporation, a corporation shall have the power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened or pending action or proceeding by reason of the fact that he is or was a director or officer of the corporation against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments and amounts paid in settlement if he acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. |
| • | For actions not by or in the right of the corporation, a corporation shall have the power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened or pending action or proceeding by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments and amounts paid in settlement if he acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. |
Duties of Directors and Officers
| • | Directors and officers shall discharge their duties in good faith and with that degree of diligence, care and skill which ordinarily prudent men would exercise under similar circumstances in like positions. They may rely upon financial statements of the corporation represented to them to be correct by the president or the officer having charge of its books or accounts or by independent accountants. |
| • | Directors owe a duty of care and a duty of loyalty to the corporation and have a duty to act in good faith. |
Right To Dividends
| • | A corporation may declare and pay dividends in cash, stock or other property except when the company is insolvent or would be rendered insolvent upon payment of the dividend or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in the articles of incorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only, but if there is no surplus dividends may be paid out of the net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. |
| • | Directors may declare a dividend out of its surplus, or, if there’s no surplus, then generally out of its net profits for the year in which the dividend is declared and/or the preceding fiscal year. |
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Marshall Islands
Delaware
Bylaws
| • | Except as otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, bylaws may be amended, repealed or adopted by a vote of stockholders. If so provided in the articles of incorporation or in a stockholder approved bylaw, bylaws may also be amended, repealed, or adopted by the board of directors, but any bylaw adopted by the board of directors may be amended or repealed by the stockholders. |
| • | After a corporation has received any payment for any of its stock, the power to adopt, amend, or repeal bylaws shall be in the stockholders entitled to vote; provided, however, any corporation may, in its certificate of incorporation, provide that bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the board of directors. The fact that such power has been conferred upon the board of directors shall not divest the stockholders of the power nor limit their power to adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws. |
Removal of Directors
| • | Any or all of the directors may be removed for cause by a vote of the stockholders or if the articles of incorporation or bylaws so provide, by the board. If the articles of incorporation or bylaws so provide, directors may be removed without cause by vote of the stockholders. |
| • | Any or all directors on a board without staggered terms may be removed with or without cause by the affirmative vote of a majority of shares entitled to vote in the election of directors unless the certificate of incorporation otherwise provides. Directors on a board with staggered terms generally may only be removed for cause by the affirmative vote of a majority of shares entitled to vote in the election of directors. |
Directors
| • | Board must consist of at least one member. |
| • | Number of members can be changed by an amendment to the bylaws, by the stockholders, or by action of the board under the specific provisions of a bylaw. |
| • | If the board is authorized to change the number of directors, it can only do so by an absolute majority (majority of the entire board) |
| • | Unless a greater proportion is required by the articles of incorporation, a majority of the entire board, in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The bylaws may lower the number required for a quorum to one-third the number of directors but no less. |
| • | Board must consist of at least one member. |
| • | Number of board members shall be fixed by the bylaws, unless the certificate of incorporation fixes the number of directors, in which case a change in the number shall be made only by amendment of the certificate. |
| • | A majority of the total number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business unless the certificate or bylaws require a greater number. The bylaws may lower the number required for a quorum to one-third the number of directors but no less. |
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Marshall Islands
Delaware
Dissenter’s Rights of Appraisal
| • | Stockholders have a right to dissent from a merger or sale of all or substantially all assets not made in the usual course of business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. |
| • | A holder of any adversely affected shares who does not vote on or consent in writing to an amendment to the articles of incorporation has the right to dissent and to receive payment for such shares if the amendment: |
| • | Alters or abolishes any preferential right of any outstanding shares having preference; or |
| • | Creates, alters, or abolishes any provision or right in respect to the redemption of any outstanding shares; or |
| • | Alters or abolishes any preemptive right of such holder to acquire shares or other securities; or |
| • | Excludes or limits the right of such holder to vote on any matter, except as such right may be limited by the voting rights given to new shares then being authorized of any existing or new class. |
| • | Appraisal rights shall be available for the shares of any class or series of stock of a corporation in certain mergers or consolidations. |
Stockholder’s Derivative Actions
| • | An action may be brought in the right of a corporation to procure a judgment in its favor, by a holder of shares or of voting trust certificates or of a beneficial interest in such shares or certificates. It shall be made to appear that the plaintiff is such a holder at the time of bringing the action and that he was such a holder at the time of the transaction of which he complains, or that his shares or his interest therein devolved upon him by operation of law. |
| • | Complaint shall set forth with particularity the efforts of the plaintiff to secure the initiation of such action by the board or the reasons for not making such effort. |
| • | Such action shall not be discontinued, compromised or settled, without the approval of the High Court of the Republic. |
| • | Attorney’s fees may be awarded if the action is successful. |
| • | Corporation may require a plaintiff bringing a derivative suit to give security for reasonable expenses if the plaintiff owns less than 5% of any class of stock and the shares have a value of less than $50,000. |
| • | In any derivative suit instituted by a stockholder of a corporation, it shall be averred in the complaint that the plaintiff was a stockholder of the corporation at the time of the transaction of which he complains or that such stockholder’s stock thereafter devolved upon such stockholder by operation of law. |
Class Actions
| • | Rule 23 of Marshall Islands Rules of Civil Procedure allows for class action suits in the Marshall Islands and is modeled on the federal rule, F.R.C.P. Rule 23. |
| • | Rule 23 of the Delaware Chancery Court Rules allows for class action suits in Delaware and is modeled on the federal rule, F.R.C.P. Rule 23. |
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TAXATION
Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
General
In the opinion of Loeb & Loeb LLP, the following are the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Business Combination to Energy Merger, of the Redomiciliation Merger to Energy Infrastructure and the holders of our common stock and warrants (which we refer to collectively as our “securities”), and of owning common stock and warrants in Energy Merger following the Redomiciliation Merger and Business Combination. The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of our securities that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
| • | an individual citizen or resident of the United States; |
| • | a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or organized) in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| • | an estate whose income is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or |
| • | a trust if (i) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S. persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (ii) it has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
If a beneficial owner of our securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “Non-U.S. Holder.” This discussion does not consider the tax treatment of partnerships or other pass-through entities that hold our common stock or warrants, or of persons who hold our common stock or warrants, or will hold the common stock or warrants of Energy Merger, through such entities. If a partnership (or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is the beneficial owner of our securities (or the common stock or warrants of Energy Merger), the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership.
The U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to Non-U.S. Holders of owning common stock and warrants in Energy Merger are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders of Common Stock and Warrants of Energy Merger.”
This summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, its legislative history, Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, published rulings and court decisions, all as currently in effect. These authorities are subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly on a retroactive basis.
This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to Energy Merger, Energy Infrastructure or any particular holder of our securities or of common stock and warrants of Energy Merger based on such holder’s individual circumstances. In particular, this discussion considers only holders that own and hold our securities, and will acquire the common stock and warrants of Energy Merger as a result of owning our securities, and will own and hold such common stock and warrants, as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code. This discussion does not address the potential application of the alternative minimum tax or the U.S. federal income tax consequences to holders that are subject to special rules, including:
| • | financial institutions or “financial services entities”; |
| • | taxpayers who have elected mark-to-market accounting; |
| • | governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof; |
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| • | regulated investment companies; |
| • | real estate investment trusts; |
| • | certain expatriates or former long-term residents of the United States; |
| • | persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our voting shares; |
| • | persons that hold our common stock or warrants as part of a straddle, constructive sale, hedging, conversion or other integrated transaction; or |
| • | persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. |
This discussion does not address any aspect of U.S. federal non-income tax laws, such as gift or estate tax laws, or state, local or non-U.S. tax laws.
We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree with the discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court.
BECAUSE OF THE COMPLEXITY OF THE TAX LAWS AND BECAUSE THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE, ENERGY MERGER OR TO ANY PARTICULAR HOLDER OF OUR SECURITIES OR OF THE COMMON STOCK OR WARRANTS OF ENERGY MERGER FOLLOWING THE REDOMICILIATION MERGER AND BUSINESS COMBINATION MAY BE AFFECTED BY MATTERS NOT DISCUSSED HEREIN, EACH HOLDER OF OUR SECURITIES IS URGED TO CONSULT WITH ITS TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE REDOMICILIATION MERGER AND THE BUSINESS COMBINATION, AND THE OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR SECURITIES AND OF THE COMMON STOCK AND WARRANTS OF ENERGY MERGER, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF STATE, LOCAL AND NON-U.S. TAX LAWS, AS WELL AS U.S. FEDERAL TAX LAWS.
Tax Consequences of the Business Combination to Energy Merger
Energy Merger should not recognize any gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the Business Combination.
Tax Consequences of the Redomiciliation Merger
Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders of Common Stock and Warrants
The Redomiciliation Merger is expected to qualify as a reorganization for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Section 368(a) of the Code. If the transaction qualifies as a reorganization, a U.S. Holder of our securities generally will not recognize gain or loss upon the exchange of our securities solely for common stock and warrants of Energy Merger pursuant to the Redomiciliation Merger. A U.S. Holder’s aggregate tax basis in the common stock and warrants of Energy Merger received in connection with the Redomiciliation Merger generally will be the same as the aggregate tax basis of our securities surrendered in the transaction (except to the extent of any tax basis allocated to a fractional share for which a cash payment is received in connection with the transaction). The holding period of the common stock and warrants in Energy Merger received in the Redomiciliation Merger generally will include the holding period of the securities of Energy Infrastructure surrendered in the Redomiciliation Merger. A stockholder of Energy Infrastructure who redeems its shares of common stock for cash (or receives cash in lieu of a fractional share of our common stock pursuant to the Redomiciliation Merger) generally will recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash received for such shares (or fractional share) and its adjusted tax basis in such shares (or fractional share).
Tax Consequences to Energy Infrastructure and Energy Merger
Section 7874(b) of the Code, or Section 7874(b), generally provides that a corporation organized outside the United States which acquires, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a plan or series of related transactions, substantially all of the assets of a corporation organized in the United States will be treated as a domestic corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes if stockholders of the acquired corporation own at least 80%
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of either the voting power or the value of the stock of the acquiring corporation after the acquisition by reason of owning shares in the acquired corporation. If Section 7874(b) were to apply to the Redomiciliation Merger, Energy Merger, as the surviving entity, would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its worldwide taxable income following the Redomiciliation Merger and Business Combination as if it were a domestic corporation, and Energy infrastructure would not recognize gain (or loss) as a result of the Redomiciliation Merger.
After the completion of the Business Combination, which will occur immediately after and as part of the same plan as the Redomiciliation Merger, it is expected that the former stockholders of Energy Infrastructure will own less than 80% of the shares of Energy Merger. Accordingly, it is not expected that Section 7874(b) will apply to treat Energy Merger as a domestic corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, due to the absence of full guidance on how the rules of Section 7874(b) will apply to the transactions contemplated by the Redomiciliation Merger and the Business Combination, this result is not entirely free from doubt. If, for example, the Redomiciliation Merger were viewed for purposes of Section 7874(b) as occurring prior to, and separate from, the Business Combination, the stock ownership threshold for applicability of Section 7874(b) generally would be satisfied because the stockholders of Energy Infrastructure, by reason of owning shares of Energy Infrastructure, would own all of the shares of Energy Merger immediately after the Redomiciliation Merger. Although normal step transaction tax principles and an example in the temporary regulations promulgated under Section 7874(b) support the view that the Redomiciliation Merger and the Business Combination should be viewed together for purposes of determining whether Section 7874(b) is applicable, because of the absence of guidance under Section 7874(b) directly on point, this result is not entirely certain. The balance of this discussion assumes that Section 7874(b) does not apply and that Energy Merger will be treated as a foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Even if Section 7874(b) does not apply to a transaction, Section 7874(a) of the Code, or Section 7874(a) generally provides that where a corporation organized outside the United States acquires, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a plan or series of related transactions, substantially all of the assets of a corporation organized in the United States, the acquired corporation will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its “inversion gain” without reduction by certain tax attributes, such as net operating losses, otherwise available to the acquired corporation if the stockholders of the acquired corporation own at least 60% (but less than 80%) of either the voting power or the value of the stock of the acquiring corporation after the acquisition by reason of owning shares in the acquired corporation. After the completion of the Redomiciliation Merger and the Business Combination, the former stockholders of Energy Infrastructure may own more than 60% of the shares of Energy Merger by reason of owning shares of Energy Infrastructure prior to the Redomiciliation Merger and the Business Combination. As a result, Section 7874(a) may apply to restrict Energy Infrastructure from using any net operating losses or other tax attributes that may otherwise be available to Energy Infrastructure to offset any inversion gain. For this purpose, inversion gain generally would include any gain recognized under Section 367 of the Code by reason of the transfer of the properties of Energy Infrastructure to Energy Merger pursuant to the Redomiciliation Merger.
Under Section 367 of the Code, Energy Infrastructure generally will recognize gain (but not loss) as a result of the Redomiciliation Merger equal to the difference between the fair market value of each asset of Energy Infrastructure over such asset’s adjusted tax basis at the time of the Redomiciliation Merger. Any such gain generally would be attributable to the appreciation in value of the non-cash assets of Energy Infrastructure (including its rights under the Share Purchase Agreement) at the time of the Redomiciliation Merger.
Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders of Common Stock and Warrants of Energy Merger
Taxation of Distributions Paid on Common Stock
Subject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, a U.S. Holder will be required to include in gross income as ordinary income the amount of any dividend paid on the common stock of Energy Merger. A distribution on such common stock will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits of Energy Merger (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Such dividend will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations. Distributions in excess of such earnings and profits will be applied against and reduce the U.S. Holder’s basis in its common stock in Energy Merger and, to the extent in excess of such basis, will be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of such common stock.
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With respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower rate applicable to long-term capital gains (see “Taxation on the Disposition of Common Stock and Warrants” below) provided that (1) the common stock of Energy Merger is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, (2) Energy Merger is not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. It is not clear whether a U.S. Holder’s holding period for its shares in Energy Merger would be suspended for purposes of clause (3) above for the period that such holder had a right to have its common stock in Energy Infrastructure redeemed by us. Under published IRS guidance, common stock is considered for purposes of clause (1) above to be readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States only if it is listed on certain exchanges, which include the American Stock Exchange. We expect that the stock of Energy Merger will be listed on the American Stock Exchange. Nevertheless, U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower capital gains tax rate for any dividends paid with respect to Energy Merger’s common stock.
Taxation on the Disposition of Common Stock and Warrants
Upon a sale or other taxable disposition of the common stock or warrants in Energy Merger, and subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common stock or warrants. See “— Exercise or Lapse of a Warrant” below for a discussion regarding a U.S. Holder’s basis in the common stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of a warrant.
Capital gains recognized by U.S. Holders generally are subject to U.S. federal income tax at the same rate as ordinary income, except that long-term capital gains recognized by non-corporate U.S. Holders are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax at a maximum rate of 15% for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011 (and 20% thereafter). Capital gain or loss will constitute long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common stock or warrants exceeds one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to various limitations.
Exercise or Lapse of a Warrant
Subject to the discussion of the PFIC rules below, a U.S. Holder generally will not recognize gain or loss upon the exercise of a warrant to acquire common stock in Energy Merger. Common stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of a warrant for cash generally will have a tax basis equal to the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the warrant, increased by the amount paid to exercise the warrant. The holding period of such common stock generally would begin on the day after the date of exercise of the warrant. The terms of the warrants of Energy Merger that will be exchanged for the existing warrants of Energy Infrastructure generally provide for an adjustment to the number of shares of common stock for which the warrant may be exercised or to the exercise price of the warrants pursuant to certain anti-dilution provisions. Such adjustments may, under certain circumstances, result in constructive distributions that could be taxable to the U.S. Holder of the warrants. Conversely, the absence of an appropriate adjustment similarly may result in a constructive distribution that could be taxable to the U.S. Holders of the common stock in Energy Merger. See “—Taxation of Distributions Paid on Common Stock,” above. If a warrant is allowed to lapse unexercised, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize a capital loss equal to such holder’s tax basis in the warrant. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors concerning the tax treatment of any warrants of Energy Merger that they hold and the effect of any adjustment provisions contained in such warrants.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
A foreign corporation will be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, if at least 75% of its gross income in a taxable year, including its pro rata share of the gross income of any company in which it owns or is considered to own at least 25% of the shares by value, is passive income. Alternatively, a foreign corporation will be a PFIC if at least 50% of its assets in a taxable year, ordinarily determined based on fair market value and averaged quarterly over the year, including its pro rata share of the assets of any company in which it owns or is considered to own at least 25% of the shares by value, are held for the production of, or produce, passive income. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents, royalties, and gains from the sale or other disposition of passive assets.
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Based on the expected composition of the assets and income of Energy Merger and its subsidiaries after the Redomiciliation Merger and the Business Combination, it is not anticipated that Energy Merger will be treated as a PFIC following the Redomiciliation Merger and the Business Combination. Although there is no legal authority directly on point, such position is based principally on the view that, for purposes of determining whether Energy Merger is a PFIC, the gross income Energy Merger derives or is deemed to derive from the time chartering and voyage chartering activities of its wholly-owned subsidiaries should constitute services income, rather than rental income. Accordingly, Energy Merger intends to take the position that such income does not constitute passive income, and that the assets owned and operated by Energy Merger or its wholly-owned subsidiaries in connection with the production of such income (in particular, the vessels) do not constitute passive assets under the PFIC rules. While there is analogous legal authority supporting this position consisting of case law and IRS pronouncements concerning the characterization of income derived from time charters and voyage charters as services income for other tax purposes, in the absence of any direct legal authority specifically relating to the statutory provisions governing PFICs, the IRS or a court could disagree with such position. The actual PFIC status of Energy Merger for any taxable year will not be determinable until after the end of its taxable year, and accordingly there can be no assurance with respect to the status of Energy Merger as a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year.
If Energy Merger were a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder held its common stock or warrants, and the U.S. Holder did not make either a timely qualified electing fund, or QEF, election for the first taxable year of its holding period for the common stock or a mark-to-market election, as described below, such holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:
| • | any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its common stock or warrants; and |
| • | any “excess distribution” made to the U.S. Holder (generally, any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the common stock of Energy Merger during the three preceding taxable years or, if shorter, such U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common stock). |
Under these rules,
| • | the U.S. Holder’s gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common stock or warrants; |
| • | the amount allocated to the taxable year in which the U.S. Holder recognized the gain or received the excess distribution or any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which Energy Merger was a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income; |
| • | the amount allocated to other taxable years will be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for that year applicable to the U.S. Holder; and |
| • | the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year. |
In addition, if Energy Merger were a PFIC, a distribution to a U.S. Holder that is characterized as a dividend and is not an excess distribution would not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to certain dividends paid before 2011 to non-corporate U.S. Holders, as discussed above. Furthermore, if Energy Merger were a PFIC, a U.S. Holder who acquires its common stock or warrants from a deceased U.S. Holder who dies before January 1, 2010 generally will be denied the step-up of U.S. federal income tax basis in such stock or warrants to their fair market value at the date of the deceased holder’s death. Instead, such U.S. Holder would have a tax basis in such stock or warrants equal to the deceased holder’s tax basis, if lower.
In general, a U.S. Holder may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to its common stock in Energy Merger by making a timely QEF election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as long-term capital gain) and other earnings and profits (as ordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed. A U.S. Holder may make a separate election to defer the payment of taxes on undistributed income inclusions under the QEF rules, but if deferred, any such taxes will be subject to an interest charge.
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A U.S. Holder may not make a QEF election or, as described below, a mark-to-market election with respect to its warrants. As a result, if a U.S. Holder sells or otherwise disposes of a warrant to purchase common stock of Energy Merger (other than upon exercise of a warrant), any gain recognized generally will be subject to the special tax and interest charge rules treating the gain as an excess distribution, as described above, if Energy Merger was a PFIC at any time during the period the U.S. Holder held the warrants.
If a U.S. Holder that exercises such warrants properly makes a QEF election with respect to the newly acquired common stock in Energy Merger (or has previously made a QEF election with respect to its common stock in Energy Merger), the QEF election will apply to the newly acquired common stock, but the adverse tax consequences relating to PFIC shares, adjusted to take into account the current income inclusions resulting from the QEF election, will continue to apply with respect to such newly acquired common stock (which generally will be deemed to have a holding period for the purposes of the PFIC rules that includes the period the U.S. Holder held the warrants), unless the U.S. Holder makes a purging election. The purging election creates a deemed sale of such stock at its fair market value. The gain recognized by the purging election will be subject to the special tax and interest charge rules treating the gain as an excess distribution, as described above. As a result of the purging election, the U.S. Holder will have a new basis and holding period in the common stock acquired upon the exercise of the warrants for purposes of the PFIC rules.
The QEF election is made on a stockholder-by-stockholder basis and, once made, can be revoked only with the consent of the IRS. A U.S. Holder generally makes a QEF election by attaching a completed IRS Form 8621 (Return by a Stockholder of a Passive Foreign Investment Company or Qualified Electing Fund), including the information provided in a PFIC annual information statement, to a timely filed U.S. federal income tax return for the tax year to which the election relates. Retroactive QEF elections generally may be made only by filing a protective statement with such return and if certain other conditions are met or with the consent of the IRS.
In order to comply with the requirements of a QEF election, a U.S. Holder must receive certain information from Energy Merger. There is no assurance, however, that Energy Merger will have timely knowledge of its status as a PFIC in the future or that Energy Merger will be willing or able to provide the information needed by a U.S. Holder to support a QEF election.
If a U.S. Holder has elected the application of the QEF rules to its common stock in Energy Merger, and the special tax and interest charge rules do not apply to such stock (because of a timely QEF election for the first tax year of the U.S. Holder’s holding period for such stock or a purge of the PFIC taint pursuant to a purging election), any gain recognized on the appreciation of such stock generally will be taxable as capital gain and no interest charge will be imposed. As discussed above, a U.S. Holder that has made a QEF election is currently taxed on its pro rata share of the QEF’s earnings and profits, whether or not distributed. In such case, a subsequent distribution of such earnings and profits that were previously included in income generally will not be taxable as a dividend. The tax basis of a U.S. Holder’s shares will be increased by amounts that are included in income pursuant to the QEF election, and decreased by amounts distributed but not taxed as dividends, under the above rules. Similar basis adjustments apply to property if by reason of holding such property the U.S. Holder is treated under the applicable attribution rules as owning shares in a PFIC with respect to which a QEF election was made.
Although a determination as to Energy Merger’s PFIC status will be made annually, an initial determination that it is a PFIC will generally apply for subsequent years to a U.S. Holder who held common stock or warrants of Energy Merger while it was a PFIC, whether or not it met the test for PFIC status in those subsequent years. A U.S. Holder who makes the QEF election discussed above for the first tax year in which the U.S. Holder holds (or is deemed to hold) common stock in Energy Merger and for which it is determined to be a PFIC, however, will not be subject to the PFIC tax and interest charge rules (or the denial of basis step-up at death) discussed above in respect to such stock. In addition, such U.S. Holder will not be subject to the QEF inclusion regime with respect to such stock for the tax years in which Energy Merger is not a PFIC. On the other hand, if the QEF election is not effective for each of the tax years in which Energy Merger is a PFIC and the U.S. Holder holds (or is deemed to hold) common stock in Energy Merger, the PFIC rules
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discussed above will continue to apply to such stock unless the holder makes a purging election and pays the tax and interest charge with respect to the gain inherent in such stock attributable to the pre-QEF election period.
Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder owns common stock in a PFIC that is treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may make a mark-to-market election. If the U.S. Holder makes a valid mark-to-market election for the first tax year in which the U.S. Holder holds (or is deemed to hold) common stock in Energy Merger and for which it is determined to be a PFIC, such holder generally will not be subject to the PFIC rules described above in respect of such common stock. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its common stock at the end of its taxable year over the adjusted basis in its common stock. The U.S. Holder also will be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its common stock over the fair market value of its common stock at the end of its taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the mark-to-market election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in its common stock will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts, and any further gain recognized on a sale or other taxable disposition of the common stock will be treated as ordinary income.
Currently, a mark-to-market election may not be made with respect to warrants. As a result, if a U.S. Holder exercises a warrant and properly makes a mark-to-market election with respect to the newly acquired common stock in Energy Merger (or has previously made a mark-to-market election in respect of its common stock in Energy Merger), the PFIC tax and interest charge rules generally will apply to any gain deemed recognized under the mark-to market rules for the first tax year for which such election applies in respect of such newly acquired stock (which generally will be deemed to have a holding period for purposes of the PFIC rules that includes the period the U.S. Holder held the warrants).
The mark-to-market election is available only for stock that is regularly traded on a national securities exchange that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission or on Nasdaq, or on a foreign exchange or market that the IRS determines has rules sufficient to ensure that the market price represents a legitimate and sound fair market value. While we expect that the common stock of Energy Merger will be regularly traded on the American Stock Exchange, U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability and tax consequences of a mark-to-market election in respect to Energy Merger’s stock under their particular circumstances.
If Energy Merger is a PFIC and, at any time, has a non-U.S. subsidiary that is classified as a PFIC, U.S. Holders generally would be deemed to own a portion of the shares of such lower-tier PFIC, and generally could incur liability for the deferred tax and interest charge described above if Energy Merger receives a distribution from, or disposes of all or part of its interest in, the lower-tier PFIC. There is no assurance that Energy Merger will have timely knowledge of the status of such subsidiary as a PFIC in the future or that Energy Merger will be willing or able to provide the information needed by a U.S. Holder to support a QEF election in respect of a lower-tier PFIC. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax issues raised by lower-tier PFICs.
If a U.S. Holder owns (or is deemed to own) shares during any year in a PFIC, such holder may have to file an IRS Form 8621 (whether or not a QEF or mark-to-market election is made).
The rules dealing with PFICs and with the QEF and mark-to-market elections are very complex and are affected by various factors in addition to those described above. Accordingly, U.S. Holders of common stock and warrants in Energy Merger should consult their own tax advisors concerning the application of the PFIC rules to such common stock and warrants under their particular circumstances.
Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders of Common Stock and Warrants of Energy Merger
Dividends paid to a Non-U.S. Holder in respect of its common stock in Energy Merger generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).
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In addition, a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of common stock or warrants in Energy Merger unless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the Non-U.S. Holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United States sources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).
Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as for a U.S. Holder and, in the case of a Non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
In general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes will apply to distributions made on the common stock of Energy Merger within the United States to a non-corporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of common stock or warrants of Energy Merger to or through a U.S. office of a broker by a non-corporate U.S. Holder. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States will be subject to information reporting in limited circumstances.
In addition, backup withholding of U.S. federal income tax, currently at a rate of 28%, generally will apply to distributions paid on the common stock of Energy Merger to a non-corporate U.S. Holder and the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of stock or warrants of Energy Merger by a non-corporate U.S. Holder, in each case who: